Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sécurité des frontières – Nigeria'
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Moussa, Ibrahim Adamou. "L’insécurité transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest : le cas de la frontière entre le Niger et le Nigeria." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0020/document.
Full textLike the great transformations of international relations, the notions of security, insecurity and border have been deeply transformed, especially due to the advent of the phenomenon labelled as terrorism in many places of the world. This doctoral dissertation explores this situation at the border between Niger and Nigeria. The region has been subjected to cross-border insecurity imposed inter alia by the organization Boko Haram, which acts on a transnational scale without considering the state borders in the Lake Chad Basin region. Thus, this security crisis has been the subject of a number of reactions at national or bilateral levels or from regional and international organizations. The diversified management of this shock wave highlights the contradictions that animate international relations and the complexity in handling this transboundary insecurity that is shifting, poorly known and poorly publicized
Maguer, Azilis. "La politique de la sécurité à la frontière franco-allemande : une analyse stratégique du fonctionnement de la coopération transfrontalière." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100179.
Full textThe abolition of controls at the inner borders of the Schengen countries in the European union implicated free movement for the persons. By the saine time, many voices raised and considered that this abolition of physical states frontiers could not happened, unless law enforcement forces - customs and polices - did became the means to operate under these new conditions. The reduction of border controls was then accompanied by "compensatory" measures, e. G. International cross-border police co-operation treaties for police forces along the borders. On one hand the visibility of border activity of police services grew dimmer. On the other hand, the cross-border police co-operation became more intense. The research object of cross-border police and customs co-operation is based upon the hypothesis that the changing modus of control - from physical on site control to a control on distance - leads to a change in the nature of this control - from a state organised global control to a localised and systematically French-German management of the border region. The semi-structured interviews, internal police or customs documents, and legislation were the material of the study. First, a comparison between co-operation police partnerships at the French-German border since 1997 amis at the analysis of structures and stakes in the co-operation field. Strategies of adaptation to the new local co-operation mechanisms are focused on. From there on, the use of the instruments of cross-border control by the involved services is analysed under the perspective of efficiency, but also of interest for the individual organisations. The many interactions and strategies of public actors create the border zone as a new space for public policies. Moreover, these ones are of a new sort: they actually are done in a bilateral way and for a bilateral local practice. Further, local actors of police co-operation dissociate their action from the global territorial management of the central state
Walther, Olivier. "Affaires de patrons, usages de la frontière : géographie des réseaux marchands entre Niger, Bénin et Nigéria." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL537.
Full textThis PhD deals with the economic relationshipsbetween three market cities located between Niger, Benin and Nigeria (Gaya-Malanville-Kamba). Focusing on the links that unite the businessmen of the local markets - called patrons - it reveals the extreme flexibility of their strategies as well as the deeply informal nature of their activities. Through the analysis of examples taken from the commerce of agricultural products, import and export flows and detail activities, this research shows how these cities represent a border economical area based on rival and complementary connections. However, the study notices that there is a lack of efficient policies dealing with strengthening the business sector and improving the cross-border cooperation. This particularity allows us to favour new local development approaches. , which would take into account the important potential of private economical actors
Martin-Mazé, Médéric. "Le gouvernement international des frontières d’Asie centrale." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0050.
Full textThe international government of Central Asian Borders (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan) refers to projects in the field of border management that have been implemented by the OSCE, the European Commission, the UNODC and IOM between 1992 and 2012. These activities import and export a type of expertise aimed at bringing state boundaries in line with an imperative of mobility and security. But how does this border knowledge circulate across borders in the first place? During their life cycle, projects go through three different social universes. Firstly, they connect with Central Asian societies where control and flows intersect. They provide some equipment which only frames checks and controls to some extent. The steering committees deciding over these investments are embedded in a particular social universe that we call the field of operation. This second space is configured according to a capital whose volume corresponds to the level of autonomy that each implementing agency holds, and whose structure refers to their specialization in development and/or security. The practical logic of this field positively sanctions the accumulation of social capital by individual brokers. The authorization-giving arenas, finally, are situated in a transnational space polarized around Brussels and Vienna. Whilst Central Asia is constructed as a place of secondary interest within the field of Eurocracy, actors working from Vienna perceive this region as a more important issue. Subaltern transnational elites tend establish themselves in such unattractive areas because they gain leeway where they can re-establish themselves as important players from there
Nonju, Samuel Abieboye. "Le Nigéria dans le système de sécurité africaine et internationale." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100052.
Full textThe build-up of destructive weapons particularly in the African context by the racist regime of Pretoria whose nuclear ambition remained unchecked, and as well in their international context by the superpowers' accumulation of sophisticated nuclear arsenal in an area of detente, have created a spiral of questions in the minds of Nigerian political leaders whose prescriptions involve : the formulation of strategic objectives and choices to safeguard the territorial integrity and national sovereignty. Nigerian government's identification and analysis of the dangers of an eventual nuclear war and its subsequent after effects have prompted the actual president - General Ibrahim Babangida's famous question with regards to "how Nigeria could match her goals and interests in such an uncertain world dominated by the superpowers. . . And what would be her position in such a world. . . " however, the relative political stability in Nigeria constitutes an indispensable entity upon which the decision makers ought to define concretely national security options compatible to Nigeria and her sister countries interests in the region, thereby creating a "sine-quoi-non" for peace, economic development and regional security. Although nothing in the present study contradicts Nigeria’s political determination to go nuclear, the question is whether this could be interpreted as an end or a continuation of her global politics in the international scene. It follows that in spite of both financial and technological handicaps in an era of detente between the two superpowers, successive Nigerian governments have opted for the acquisition of nuclear weapons for the security of her 155 million people, the territorial integrity and national sovereignty in the year 2000
Le, Lann Yann. "Les frontières comptables du social : la protection sociale et le salaire dans la comptabilité nationale (1944-2010)." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100100.
Full textThe accounting standards of social protection have been confronted to a reform that deeply changes the economical meaning of social benefits. On the one hand, the ©NU’s standards of national accounting recognize pension as the patrimonial element of labor remuneration, on the other hand, Eurostat’s social protection accounts tend to integrate individual insurance inside the social sphere. Those evolutions, in their own way, put into crisis the definition of social protection based on the distinction of wage and social benefits. Built during the Keynesian hegemony on national accounting standards, this representation of social protection as an institution designed for income redistribution has been supplanted by a reinterpretation of social flux in the direction of commodification. In this context the separation of social benefits and wage has become more and more unclear. In order to understand the meaning of this contemporary reform of statistics, l aim in this PHD to bring out the crossover history of wage and social benefits standards. My research is based on archives of the institution which was responsible for the publication of national accounting since l944, on the analysis of handbooks of accounting standards and on scientific publications concerning social protection standards. Starting from the evolution of national and social accounts, I try to understand the rise, the management and the crisis of accounting boundaries between economic and social flux
Aubé-Vaillant, Marilène. "La coopération policière aux frontières canado-américaines: les enjeux démocratiques." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34286.
Full textDille, Bibata. "Frontières et développement régional : impacts économique et social de la frontière Niger-Nigéria sur le développement de la région de Konni." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/dille_b.
Full textThe development is no longer a purely quantitative concept. More social aspects are now taken into account and more importance is given to the regional dimension of the entities under observation. The socio-economic characteristics as well as the socio-cultural conditions of regions and their historical and geographical context play a very important role in the developing processes. .
Metodjo, Mensan. "La construction du territoire et la délimitation des frontières du Dahomey (1851-1913)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H069.
Full textWhile French settlement in Dahomey was initially driven by more mercantile than political intentions, the birth of modern French imperialism, following the Franco-Prussian confrontation of 1870 and the post-Berlinese context of 1885, prompted the metropolitan authorities to give a different direction to the French presence in Africa. Resolutely imperialist, France has embarked on territorial conquests. The protectorate treaties concluded with the local rulers were the tool for their territorial expropriation. A colonial-style protectorate was imposed, characterized by the dismantling of local sovereignties. The local chiefs, who were refractory to the idea of putting themselves under the French protectorate, were, like Béhanzin, militarily submitted. The annexation of the kingdom of Abomey and the exile of its king by force finally offered the opportunity for the conquering France to explore the Dahomean hinterland, to negotiate new treaties that allowed it to take control of this region that it integrated into the lower and middle Dahomey. This thesis on the construction of the colonial territory of Dahomey finally addresses the horogenesis of the Dahomean borders and the issues related to colonial demarcations. A historical and comparative perspective with European and American borders makes it possible to answer the question of the artificiality of colonial borders, considered as "exogenous" and "arbitrary"
Rodriguez, Bautista Daniela. "Le contrôle des frontières et le régime des visas dans l'Union Européenne : sécurité intérieure ou prérogative de souveraineté ?" Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2017/document.
Full textIn the field of the borders control and migration flows management, the aim of this analyse is determine whether Member States discretion arises as a prerogative of sovereignty for reasons of internal security of the Union, or whether this sovereign prerogative is consolidated through internal security. This analyse also serves to illustrate the importance of the work of the Court of Justice of the European Union to harmonize the EU legislation in this area. Specifically, this study details how the "imprecision" of the EU legal framework permits discretion to national authorities in the interpretation of facts, in accordance with the general provisions of the legal framework. So, discretionary power with which consular and border authorities of the Member States apply this legislation, leaves a reasonable doubt on the proper implementation of the legal framework. In other terms, authorities of the Member States have discretionary power, which allow them to adopt ad hoc solutions to fill the gaps left by European legislation. Consequently, intervention of the Court of Justice is essential in order to ensure a uniform application of the Union's secondary legislation
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto de estudio determinar, en el ámbito del control de fronteras y la gestión de los flujos migratorios, por una parte, si la discrecionalidad de los Estados miembros surge por cuestiones que atañen a la seguridad interior de la Unión o por una prerrogativa soberana, o bien si la discrecionalidad se consolida a través de la seguridad interior. Y, por otra parte, destacar la importancia de la labor del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea para armonizar la normativa de la Unión en este ámbito. En concreto, este estudio describe con detalle como la “imprecisión” del ordenamiento de la Unión otorga un libre margen de apreciación a la autoridad nacional para interpretar los hechos conforme al precepto general del ordenamiento. De modo que, la discrecionalidad con la que esta legislación es aplicada por las autoridades consulares y fronterizas de los Estados miembros deja dudas razonables acerca de la correcta aplicación del ordenamiento. En otros términos, las autoridades de los Estados miembros disponen de facultades discrecionales que les permiten adoptar soluciones ad hoc para llenar los vacíos dejados por la legislación europea. Por lo tanto, la intervención del Tribunal de Justicia es indispensable para garantizar la aplicación uniforme del Derecho derivado de la Unión
Di, Camillo Nicolas. "La protection sociale complémentaire au prisme des mobilités professionnelles : contribution à l’étude des frontières de la protection sociale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100124.
Full textIt is traditionally considered that supplementary social protection is a component of social protection schemes, alongside social security, social assistance or unemployment insurance. Supplementary social protection refers to all the schemes that comes above the compulsory basic social security regime, such as complementary health insurance, mandatory supplementary pension plans, retirement saving plans and the free supplementary (top-up) universal health insurance (CMUC). These different coverages are intended for employees, civil servants, self-employed workers, students, pensioners, and more generally to all unemployed people. But what does complementary social protection really covers in law and how can we understand the evolutions affecting it? Although most of the studies done on this field of research concern a specific category of population or a particular risk, it was still necessary to carry out an overall, panoramic study in order to make supplementary social protection more intelligible. This research proposes to deconstruct the complementary social protection in order to offer a renewed vision of the subject under the lens of professional mobility, which allow in return for a better comprehension of the whole social protection
Pérouse, de Montclos Marc-Antoine. "Violence et sécurité urbaines en Afrique du Sud et au Nigeria : Durban, Johannesburg, Kano, Lagos, Port Harcourt." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0003.
Full textThrough five case-studies-three in Nigeria (Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt) and two in South Africa (Durban and Johannesburg), the first aim of this thesis is to make clear the concept of urban violence: its definition does not include any violent events which appen in the cities (and which may be "imported": civil wars, rural protests). But violence "produced" by the cities, from riots to banditry. We need to bear in mind the national contexts of violence to understand the process of urbanisation in Nigeria -a latitudinarianism partly inherited from British liberals' indirect rule-and South Africa-the apartheid system. South of the Sahara, cities show patterns that are common to most developing countries: rural influx, rapid demographic growth without industrialization, informal settlements in the fringes of the cities, huge problems of public administration, duality between rich and poor areas. But African cities have specific patterns: migrants retain strong links with the countryside, there is little or no urban rural dichotomy. Regional factors of violence (Durban and Port Harcourt) may be more important than the urban one (Kano, Lagos and Johannesburg)> a second aim of this thesis is to study the effects of violence on urban control: planning, security forces, justice and social prevention for the state: self-defense, private polices, vigilantes, sorcery, lynches, "bunker's psychosis", creation of "no-areas" and refugees' movements as reflected on the property market from citizens. The violent city loses its social function of modernism and cosmopolitism and turns into a ghetto
Garcia-Jourdan, Sophie. "La création d'un espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice : conséquence de la suppression des contrôles aux frontières intérieures." Paris11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA111007.
Full textBoulanin, Vincent. "De la défense à la sécurité : aspects économiques et enjeux politiques de la diversification des firmes européennes d’armement dans le domaine de la sécurité." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0161.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the geopolitical causes, the economic aspects and the political consequences of the diversification of the European arms industry into the realm of security. The objective was to study the so-called “defence-security continuum” at the industry level. The thesis is that arms producers are not only reacting to a growing demand for security goods and services, they actively take part in the definition and implementation of security policies to the extent that they can shape public demand for the latter. The argument is based on an original approach that combines the empiricism of the literature on arms production with the reflexivity of the constructivist literature on security policies in the IR discipline. Section I explains why arms producers had to diversify into the security realm in order to cope with the post-9/11 order. They had to find new growth drivers and they had to reinvent their legitimacy in a context where the landmarks of the defence community were eroding. Section II present empirical evidence on the diversification of the arms industry into the realm of security and analyse to what extent this is a complex phenomenon that cannot be analysed only through the opposition civil/military. Section III consists of two cases studies on border security and cyber-security; both show how arms produced have expanded their influence on the definition and implementation of public security policies
Walther, Olivier. "Affaires de patrons, usages de la frontière. Géographie des réseaux marchands entre Niger, Bénin et Nigeria." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650975.
Full textDesgrandchamps, Marie-Luce. "L'humanitaire en guerre civile : une histoire des opérations de secours au Nigeria-Biafra (1967-1970)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010604.
Full textIn the summer of 1968, pictures of emaciated children, suffering from diseases due to malnutrition, poured in western medias. They came from the eastern region of the Federation of Nigeria, which had proclaimed its independence one year before and taken the name of the Republic of Biafra. War and famine that were taking place in the region generated widespread concern in the West, where humanitarian organizations decided to set up international relief operations to help alleviate the suffering of the civilian population. Still understudied by the historiography, the crisis in Biafra and the mobilization of western organizations are the subjects of this PhD. Firstly, the dissertation examines how an African civil war became an international humanitarian crisis. To this purpose, it analyses the situation in the ground, the actors of its internationalization and how it was represented. Secondly, in order to grasp the complexity of humanitarian aid, the dissertation studies the elaboration and the deployment of the relied operations, as well as their reception in Nigeria in a post-colonial context. Finally, the thesis questions why Biafra is usually considered as a turning point in the history of humanitarianism. By so doing, it sheds light on the reconfigurations of the discourses and practices of humanitarian aid that took place in the late 1960’s
Guillot, Fabien. "Les asymétries frontalières : essai de géographie sociale et politique sur les pratiques sociales et les rapports sociaux : Les cas États-Unis Mexique, Espagne Maroc, Israël Liban Palestine." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460936.
Full textShehab, Fouad. "La sécurité dans le golfe arabo-persique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10014.
Full textThis thesis studies the security in the Arab-Persian Gulf. A preliminary chapter is devoted to the oil, to the oil concessions, to the politics of exploitation extended by the great oil companies on the states of the region in question, and finally in the existence of the O. P. E. C. The first part of this thesis analyses the importance held by the gulf and the place of this in the international politico-economical strategy of the great powers. The second part examines the various threats of unotablization in this strategic zone and the propositions suggested by the great states of the gulf concerning its security. In order to realize the security of the gulf, this strategic zone must be kept away from all the international conflicts, and the states of this region have to be on good neighborly terms, and the socio-economical and political justice must prevail in this area
Nechadi, Sif Islam. "Le trafic de drogue comme menace sur la sécurité des pays." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080057.
Full textNothing undermines as much efforts of worldwide organizations fighting against drug trafficking and those of governments and civil society aimed at stemming illegal drug trade, as criminal acts of intimidation, corruption and violence leading sometimes to murder.Through this doctoral thesis, which is the result of several years of research, we, my sponsors and I, attempted to highlight the numerous challenges faced by the international community and, tried to highlight a realistic state of the situation, the legal arsenal, as well as tools to eradicate the phenomenon.International agencies and non-governmental organizations regularly participate in the drafting of laws, and tools required against drug trafficking and transnational organized crime. Thus, the international community, with the support of international and regional cooperation, can truly progress in the field of drug-related problems prevention.Serious threats to peace and stability, which weigh on drug trafficking and transnational organized crime arising on an international scale, have now become a significant and worrying matter, which challenges the fragile balance established by the international community, trampling the authority of states, their security and stability, good governance, social and economic development and the rule of law.The security instability could be both a product and a cause of the malfunction of governance mechanisms; it develops when policies and regulations encourage it and when oversight institutions are weak. The illicit drug trade can have a destabilizing effect on the national economy, the political process and civil society. Drug dealers find ways to get into the political process by exchanging votes against favours.Proximity is increasingly narrower between drug trafficking and the spread of transnational organized crime, including trafficking of firearms, human beings and terrorism. The increasing violence arising from criminal organizations activities involved in drug trafficking is now the subject of a second pillar of an integrated strategy implemented by the United Nations. While reaffirming that border security is the prerogative of States, United Nations, through its integrated strategy, calls on states to strengthen the management of their borders to curb transnational threats such as drug trafficking.International organizations and non-governmental organizations insist that organized criminal groups are dynamic, always looking for the least difficult way. In reality, by acting as a whole, through cooperation, the international community can meaningfully progress in preventing drug-related problems and continue to ensure the availability of medical and scientific use of controlled substances
Abichou, Ali. "La circulation en Europe des ressortissants des pays tiers : entre les impératifs de sécurité intérieure et le respect des droits fondamentaux." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA111003.
Full textGirard, Sarah. "La frontière franco-suisse au prisme de la coopération policière : normes institutionnelles et normes pratiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH011/document.
Full textSince its implementation in the 1990s, the free movement of persons within the Schengen area has seen the development of a framework of bilateral cooperation agreements concerning the police, judiciary and Cus-toms. Cooperation between police forces has raised questions about the manner in which legally-sanctioned physical force may be exercised on either side of the border by those authorized to do so. How is police coopera-tion actually organized at a practical level? On what empirical mechanisms is it based? What does the national border represent in the context of police cooperation and how is it perceived by the actors involved in the field? Under the perspective of the French-Swiss cross-border police cooperation, this qualitative and transdisciplinary research questions the role and function of the border as a demarcation line between two State entities, within the territory of the Greater Geneva metropolis. Using the classification of official norms and practical norms, the research is organized around two dimensions: cooperation practices between public actors within the cross-border area, and collaboration practices between public and private actors within an ephemeral territory through the case study of the Paléo Festival of Nyon, the most important open air musical event of Switzerland, located close to the French border.The result of this thesis is to show that the border, through policing, is transcended by economic and professional logics. Firstly, the research demonstrates that police cooperation serves to preserve economic interests to the point of rendering inoperative the temptations of national sovereignty temptations (e.g., back to systematic border checks). Secondly, the understanding of how cross-border police cooperation works empirically, requires taking into account the temporality of security issues: the actors use official or practical norms depending on whether security issues fall into a linear, cyclical or event-related time period. The use of practical norms reflects the adaptation of the different police to their territory of intervention: they thus become drivers of a ‘rapprochement’ between the two States, participating in the attenuation of the border. Even though some structural factors contribute to maintaining discontinuities, the border’s role as a line of demarcation is now much reduced, even in terms of security which none the less remains a national responsibility
Abline, Gaël. "Sur un nouveau principe général de droit international : l'uti possidetis." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339755.
Full textBadalassi, Nicolas. "Adieu Yalta ? La France, la détente et les origines de la Conférence sur la Sécurité et la Coopération en Europe, 1965 - 1975." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713652.
Full textDuez, Denis. "La sécurité intérieure européenne et la lutte contre l'immigration clandestine: contribution à l'analyse des modes de légitimation de l'ordre politique européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210681.
Full textAu départ d’une grille d’analyse s’appuyant sur une lecture critique des approches constructivistes de la sécurité, la politique européenne de lutte contre l’immigration clandestine est interprétée comme étant l’expression d’un « discours de sécurité » forgeant des représentations sociales insécurisantes des migrants clandestins. Cette production sociale du « péril migratoire » est examinée sous l’angle des enjeux de légitimité entourant la création de l’espace européen de liberté, de sécurité et de justice. Dans ce cadre, nous soulignons que la lutte contre l’immigration l’illégale ne peut se réduire à son objectif explicite – la maîtrise des flux – mais qu’elle participe également d’un mécanisme classique de légitimation du corps politique supposant la définition d’une figure menaçante de l’altérité. Le « clandestin » représente dans cette optique un « objet insécurisant » consensuel qui émerge dans le champ européen au terme d’un processus de formation d’une volonté politique fonctionnant sur le mode du plus petit dénominateur commun. Agrégeant les inquiétudes exprimées à l’égard du terrorisme et de la criminalité transnationales mais aussi les préoccupations pour la stabilité économique, sociale et culturelle des sociétés européennes, cette figure permet de rassembler les États membres autour d’un projet sécuritaire commun. Elle contribue de ce fait à l’émergence d’une dynamique de type ami-ennemi reposant sur une opposition croissante entre un « Autre » incarné par le clandestin et un « Nous » qui, à défaut d’être culturellement homogène, se trouve unifié par un sentiment d’insécurité collectivement partagé.
Doctorat en sciences politiques
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Szoo, Adam. "The impacts of the use of UAVS on the nature, organisation and regulation of Canada-U.S. border surveillance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25746.
Full textIn the wake of the “war on terror, ” the Canada-United States border has come to assume increased importance as a focal point of security. Policy, human and technological innovations have emerged as a response to both Canada and the United States agreeing to bring the “war on terror” home. A newly adopted tool, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has the capacity to have a profound impact upon not only the effectiveness, but the conceptualisation of border security and its organization in North America. This thesis aims to understand how UAV border surveillance of the shared border affects the conceptions, practices and the organisation of joint Canada-U.S. border security efforts. After the analysis of interviews, conferences and literature, results allowed the researcher to identify trends involving risk mitigation, new technology and the militarization of border security, all-the-while describing in detail the UAV border surveillance program, its advantages and the challenges it faces.
Deleixhe, Martin. "Contribution à une théorie démocratique du contrôle des frontières: de la tension entre la souveraineté populaire et les droits de l'homme à la frontière de la communauté politique européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209585.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Moffette, David. "Menaces à la frontière : problématisations de l'(im)migration irrégulière à Ceuta, enclave espagnole au nord du Maroc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26390/26390.pdf.
Full textKoungou, Léon. "Technicisation et réformes des politiques étatiques de défense du monde contemporain : adaptation de l'institution militaire et perspective stratégique en Afrique subsaharienne (Cameroun-Nigeria)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010339.
Full textAndrade-Benítez, Amanda. "Géopolitique des relations d'intégration entre la Colombie et le Venezuela : enjeux historiques binationaux, construction des territoires et rapports entre sociétés locales." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0132.
Full textFocused on the analysis of the dynamic intricacies between bi-national and local border echelons, this study covers the evolution of the integration process between two south american countries: Colombia and Venezuela. It takes into consideration a long-term geopolitical approach, addressing the historical nature of the conflict and the rivalries for power at both existing levels: bi-national and internal. This study examines inter-governmental, intra-governmental and human relations within a particular geographical space such as national borders. The subject « integration relations » refers here to the understanding of the historical issues resulting from the dissolution of gran colombia in 1830 which gave rise to the construction of national colombian and venezuelan territories on their neighboring space. Currently, these territories play a fundamental role in the framework of bi-national relations, because they represent the issues not only in the two countries' conflictive dynamics, but also in domestic conflicts of these states. These are areas in which we also find a specific social order of neighboring relations. Our study thus covers the most active border between the two countries, that which separates the departments of Norte de Santander (Colombia) from the state of Tachira (Venezuela)
Paris, Marjolaine. "Relations d'affaires franco-nigérianes : l'émergence de configurations sociales et commerciales internationales - Échange, incertitude et stratégies identitaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778140.
Full textHirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
Full textFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
Owona-Mfegue, Kourra-Félicité. "L'arrêt de la Cour Internationale de justice du 10 octobre 2002 relatif au différend frontalier Cameroun c. Nigéria : contribution à l'étude de l'exécution des décisions en matière territoriale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100110.
Full textThe implementation of international judicial decisions raises one of the questions, if not the fundamental one related to the authority of the decisions rendered by the highest Court of the United Nations. In fact the question is How to ensure effectively, the implementation of sentences whose legal authority is undeniable, but certainly and obviously depending of the (good) will of the States, in law and in fact. Usually two answers seem possible: spontaneous implementation or enforcement. However the experience of the implementation of the Judgment in Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria disregard this classic pattern. This is a preventive and early implementation by the parties and third parties, and then a delayed but effective implementation. It led to a probably unique approach in the settlement of judicial disputes. Indeed it is the first time that the UN (i. e ICJ which is the main judicial organ and the Secretary General) without delay for the foreseeable implementation’s difficulties to get involved under Article 94 § 2 of the Charter establishes an early and preventive diplomatic system of implementation. In the view of the ridiculous nature of possible sanctions for non-compliance, the diplomatic realism came to the rescue of the effectiveness of the res judicata. In this most sensitive field in implementing the judgments of the ICJ, the hypothesis in which the Court assigns a disputed territory to a state while another state occupies it in fact and of the hostility of the local populations to the change of the sovereign de facto, the merge between judicial procedure and negotiated procedure is effective. The implementation of this judgment is also original because of its sui generis mechanisms in implementing the decision such as the United Nations Joint Commission or the post-jurisdictional Agreement sponsored by the UN and witnesses States. There is no better example of the African contribution to the effectiveness of the decisions of the ICJ, as far as the peaceful settlement of international disputes is concerned
Nativité, Jean-François. "Culture d'ordre et identités régionales : la gendarmerie dans les départements pyrénéens (1939-1944)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30055.
Full textAppearing among the first studies of the new historical building site of the national Gendarmerie, this work endeavours to revisit under the ignored angle of the frontier Pyrenean departments of Spain, the delicate question of the role of the police force lasting the Second World War. The central interrogation of this PhD rests on the physical and psychic upheavals of a police force with military statute subjected to various destabilizing factors. While taking on the one hand as bases initial the specific structure, the legal framework, the missions and the state of mind which constitute the identity of the gendarmerie of pre-war period and on the other hand, compost political, economic and psychological Pyrenean, the objective is to cross the endogenous and exogenic data related to the reorganization of the weapon of the Forties, to obtain a behavioural typology able to answer three types of interrogations. First of all, how the gendarmes stationed in the Pyrenees did live the countryside of 1939-1940 and which was their contribution to the effort of war ? Then, for the period of the Occupation born of the defeat of France, whereas the near total of Pyrenean space remains in free zone until November 1942, up to what point were the local gendarmes concerned with the ordinances taken by the winners ? Which was the resultant of the transformations wanted by the mode of Vichy and of the new tasks imposed to the gendarmes in post office at the Spanish border ? Lastly, in an area which was presented a long time in the form of a territory being even released to him of the yoke of the occupant, how did the gendarmes pass the course of the Release and the re-establishment of republican legality ? To the favour of the welding symbolic system of the year 1939, the first part of this reflexion attempts to point out and define the place of the gendarmerie as military body in charge of the maintenance of law and order, in the context Pyrenean socio-history. This assessment of competences wants to be before just like a feature of union connecting the chain of times and being used of point of inking for comprehension of the posterior metamorphoses. The second part of this work is it reserved for the "ways of the abyss", this event-driven trajectory, which fall of Barcelona to the total occupation of the Pyrenees in November 1942, subjected the local gendarmerie of the lawful, functional and psychological distortion with which it was not prepared. Finally to finish, the last part of this study is devoted to the period going of the winter 1942 at the end of November 1944, which marks the resurgence and the found independence of the national Gendarmerie
Parisot, Pierrick. "Le contrôle de l’espace européen par les rois de Macédoine, des origines à la fin de la monarchie (VIe siècle av. J.-C. – 168 av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0374/document.
Full textFor several years, the Macedonian kingdom enjoys a growing interest on the part of historians and archaeologists to explore different aspects of its history and greatly renewing our knowledge on the subject. This thesis proposes to renew once again our gains on Macedonia. If the institutions of the kingdom and its history are now widely known through the publication of many specialized monographs, means exercised by the Macedonian rulers to control their European possessions remain a marginal issue, which has not yet been studied completely. Whether civilian or military control, successive kings disposal many tools necessary for effective takeover : setting up of representatives of royal power enforcement decisions locally, punitive expeditions against rebel populations, population displacement for burst the opposition groups, but above all, establishing strongholds networks assigned to monitor the territory and its borders. These fortresses, particularly numerous on Macedonian kingdom, form one of the main characteristics of an effective territorial control. Through their study, it is possible to understand the development of Macedonia over the territorial conquests and annexations, and fully explain how it was controlled
Ndong, Beka II Poliny. "Les activités transfrontalières illicites entre le Gabon, le Cameroun et la Guinée-Equatoriale. Logiques spatiales, acteurs et enjeux." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML013.
Full textIllegal border activity between Gabon, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea are the main topic of this thesis. These activities are defined as all activities contrary to various national and international legislation which authors and impacts across borders of several states. This thesis is a questioning of circumvention practices and lawlessness through an analysis on the illegal flow of people and goods. new practice at the border triangle Gabon/Cameroon/Equatorial Guinea, illicit cross-border activities are the work of a border population composed of three distinct stakeholders (local population, border guards and ground transportation) in common which is to be linked to the frontier by their place of residence and/or origin and by their professional activity. My analysis shows that the practice of illegal border activity follows two logics : economic survival (for the case of the local population) and social advancement (in the case of state agents and land carriers). Given this logic, the main hypothesis of this thesis is that the boundary - beyond being an interstate limit and because it induces differential - is a speculation tool to draw pecuniary profits. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to show that the transgression of the border allows the border population to obtain financial resources to be facing economic insecurity or otherwise socially establish its reputation
Lefebvre, Karine. "L'occupation du sol dans la région d'Acámbaro entre le postclassique récent et le XVIe siècle." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010686.
Full textOnana, Auguste Charles. "Rwanda, l'Opération Turquoise et la controverse médiatique (1994-2014) : analyse des enquêtes journalistiques, des documents secret-défense et de la stratégie militaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3083.
Full textOn the 22nd June 1994, the UN Security Council passes the resolution 929authorising the deployment of a multinational humanitarian, neutral and impartial force toRwanda having as its mission to put an end to the massacres. In concrete terms, it isFrance, on initiative of this project, who goes to carry out the command of the missionnamed Operation Turquoise. This comes up against the opposition of the Tutsis rebels ofthe Rwandan Patriotic Front, to the reservations of the humanitarian organisations but itreceives the backup support of the acting Rwandan Hutu government. OperationTurquoise incites above all a wave of accusations in the French press, with the PresidentFrançois Mitterand and the French military soldiers being accused of 'complicity ingenocide', even of taking part in the genocide. These accusations have endured and havebeen regularly coming back for more than twenty years, relayed by journalists who claimto have discovered then revealed the shameful role of France in RwandaThis study analyses the journalistic inquiries led from 1994 to 2014 and comparesthem with confidential secret defence documents stemming from American, French,Rwandan and UN records, as well as the military strategy put in place during OperationTurquoise. It also allows identification of the sources on which these accusations lie andevaluation of their validity. In so doing, it brings to the fore the way in which the researchhas focused on the genocide to the detriment of the armed struggle initiated by the RPFfrom 1990 to July 1994, leaving aside essential aspects in the comprehension of theRwandan tragedy
El, Arabi Sofia. "Géographie de la dispersion des migrations subsahariennes au Maroc : le cas de deux villes-refuge, Tiznit et Taza." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL082.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the repercussions of the policy of externalization of the European Union's border security measures in Morocco in the post-migration crisis context of 2015. We analyze the Moroccan strategy of forced displacement of sub-Saharan migrants wishing to reach Europe from the north of the country to medium-sized cities located further south. By introducing the concept of "dispersal", this research aims to understand the process of "bordering" through the forced relocation of sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco. Based on an empirical study within the framework of action research and a participatory method, this research was conducted comparatively in the medium-sized cities of Tiznit and Taza. Our thesis questions and analyzes the logics of dispersal, the nature of the relationships established between migrants and locals, but also the effects of this new modality of "bordering" on individuals and places. Thus, our thesis documents the effects of dispersal as a policy of plural "vulnerability" that is cushioned by "refuge-cities" under the seal of hospitality ethics. Thus, the stakes of overcoming security in favor of a "civility of transit" that is woven between natives and dispersed migrants, in the absence of state reception policies, are at stake. Dispersal brings to light unexpected reactions from civil societies that feed the reconfiguration of the reception mission in these refuge-cities. However, these palliative actions remain particularly fragile due to the absence of real concerted public policies
Loubeyre, Alix. "Le droit européen des migrations et la confiance mutuelle entre les États membres de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D028.
Full textThe question of the existence and preservation of mutual trust is essential in understanding the current dysfunctions of the European migration policy and the significant difficulties in implementing EU law in this area. EU migration law requires direct cooperation between the national authorities responsible for asylum, border control, entry, stay, and return of migrants in the European Union. These national authorities need to have confidence in each other's ability and willingness to meet their European obligations in the field of migration. This kind of mutual trust between the authorities has important consequences for the situation of migrants at the Union's borders, and within its territory. Mutual trust is defined in the thesis as a combination of two presumptions. First, that national systems are equivalent to each other, and second, that they are all in conformity with Union law and in particular with its fundamental values as referred to in Article 2 TFEU. This thesis analyses the dysfunctions of the common migration policy under the prism of mutual trust and aims to demonstrate that EU law has so far been unable to build the ‘systemic convergence’ necessary to ensure it
Lefebvre, Maxime. "Union européenne : la fédération d'Etats-nations entre préférences nationales, jeux de puissance et coopération institutionnelle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020007/document.
Full textBeyond the debate on intergovernmentalism and the “communautarian method”, the positioning of the “Nation States” in Europe is a key factor determining the European construction and its compromises. Traditionnally analysed through geopolitics and power politics, the relationship between the States of the European Union is nowadays ruled by institutional cooperation and must be addressed by new analytical schemes such as cultural, sociological, economical and political differences between the nations. This thesis, based on diplomatic experience and academic works, emphasizes the role of the franco-german relationship regarding in particular the negociation of the European constitution in 2002-2003, the EU positions on enlargement and the relationship to Russia, or the solution to the Eurozone crisis since 2010. In the negociation of the financial perspectives, the positions of Member States is determined by the question of budgetary balances in which contributors and beneficiaries of the EU budget face eachother. More equity in the sharing of expenditures and resources could be a mean to get out of these tough negociations. EU foreign policy is another example of a policy determined by national interests, which didn’t prevent the EU to develop a common defence policy as far as it remains compatible with NATO and the US Strategy. Having revisited the European integration through these national preferences, this thesis questions in conclusion the links between the EU, the European space and the European power
Infantino, Federica. "Bordering Europe abroad : Schengen visa policy implementation in Morocco and transnational policy-making from below." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209200.
Full textLa construction d’un régime européen de visas représente un domaine de recherche important. Ceci a été analysé comme un des instruments politiques qui déplacent le contrôle migratoire au delà des limites du territoire européen. Cependant, la mise en œuvre dans les consulats nationaux reste très peu étudiée. Cette thèse analyse la mise en œuvre de la politique du visa Schengen conceptualisée comme politique des frontières. Par la délivrance du visa Schengen, organisations étatiques et non-étatiques réalisent le travail de filtrage des frontières. Cette thèse investigue la construction quotidienne de la frontière européenne à l’étranger en privilégiant la perspective théorique de la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques. L’analyse s’appuie sur un cas d’étude comparé. Elle se concentre sur les services visas des consulats de deux anciens pays d’immigration, la France et la Belgique, et un nouveau pays d’immigration, l’Italie, qui mettent en œuvre la politique du visa dans un même État tiers :le Maroc. Cette étude met en évidence des différences nationales importantes qui sont dues aux différents passés historiques, à l’attribution d’un sens national à la politique du visa, aux conditions organisationnelles distinctes. Toutefois, la méthodologie comparative et l’approche épistémologique inductive choisis ont permis de mettre en exergue des processus de transferts au niveau de la mise en œuvre qui constituent l’action publique transnationale par le bas. Les interactions informelles entre les acteurs constituent une ‘communauté de pratiques’ basé sur le désir de partager un savoir pratique et local qui sert à adresser des problèmes liés à la mise en œuvre au quotidien.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Janson, Rébecca. "Frontières et identités : étude des décors céramiques dans la région des monts Mandara et de ses plaines (Nord-Cameroun/Nord-Nigéria) à l'Âge du Fer." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18428.
Full textFor the last 500 years at least, in the southern area of Lake Tchad, the Mandara Mountains region represents the geographical and cultural meeting point of two contrasting ways of thinking: the egalitarian and non-Muslim populations of the mountains; and the populations of the surrounding plains—dominated by the hierarchical authority of Islamic states, including Bornou and Wandala states. This thesis is the continuation of a long tradition of archaeological and ethnological research completed during the last 40 years in this region. Its aim is to document the ambiguous relationship that exists between these two socio-political systems, in the past and the present. Between 1993 and 2012, teams of archaeologists working on both the Projet Maya Wandala (PMW) and the Projet DGB (Diy-gyd-bay) established one of the largest ceramic databases in the region. Following a holistic, diachronic and regional approach regarding the issue of cultural contacts in the border area, the present thesis focuses on the analysis on ceramic decoration from this dataset. These potsherds (n=150,000), originating from eight key archaeological sites located in Northern Cameroon and Northern Nigeria, tell the story of the region spanning more than 3000 years, dating from the Neolithic to the end of the Late Iron Age (LIA). Methods of statistical analysis, such as cluster analysis by dynamic clustering (K-Means) and Ward aggregation, have been used in order to explore both similarities and differences present in these collections, through time and space. After a comparison of my results with the archaeological, ethnological and historical data of the study area, a chronology of these sites is proposed based on the ceramic data. On the DGB- 1/-2 site, the most important evidence of prehistoric occupation of the mountains, the domestic spaces, such as the cooking area, are differentiated from those used for redeposited materials, despite the similarity of ceramic decorations found there. The identification of four groups of distinct ceramic decorations underlines the differences that arise between the lowland populations and those from the mountains, as well as between the lowland populations associated with the Wandala elite, and other groups. In the context of the emergence of the first centralised states in this region, we can see how this important historical phenomenon had consequences, not only on occupation and the use of the landscape, but also on ceramic identity.
Jimenez, Calvo Estibaliz. "Le combat contre le trafic des migrants au Canada : contrôle migratoire d'abord, lutte au crime organisé ensuite." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18168.
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