Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sécurité et sécurité humaine'
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Bambara, Serge. "La sécurité humaine, paradigme de garantie de la paix et de la sécurité internationales." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR012/document.
Full textHuman security is a concept that was officially drawn out in the UNDP’s 1994 report on human development. In this report the concept was introduced as an alternative to human development and then became institutionalised as a response to contemporary preoccupations related to security matters. Human security therefore relates to threats to individuals, which are not only different to those that jeopardise State security but relate to the physical security and well-being of individuals.International peace and security factors were subsequently revised from a conceptual perspective, shifting from a State security-based focus to a focus on the global security of individuals.In the dynamics of human security, the international order’s normative system is shifting, especially owing to the growing importance of human rights and international humanitarian law in the legal order. Similarly, ensuring human security will redefine the objectives and activities of collective security. In this respect, the United Nations plays a crucial role. The Organisation will develop new competences in terms of peacekeeping and will carry out new operations for the benefit of human security. This renewed effort will reinforce many international stakeholders who will develop competences and establish organisations to contribute significantly to the security and protection of individuals and larger to the international peace
Seye, Aliou. "Islam et sécurité humaine. Contribution à l’étude des confréries musulmanes au Sénégal." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30107.
Full textThis research is intended to observe the place of brotherhood of Islam in the public sphere and the political, economic and social Senegal, with particular emphasis on the concept of human security. Our goal is to integrate thinking about the broadest possible contrasting the different situations facing brotherhood of Islam in this country of 12 million people with over 90% Muslim. The focus is to examine the so-called "Senegalese exceptionalism" with a relatively old democratic tradition and strong. This study explored as general purpose security posed by the organization and functioning of religious brotherhoods in Senegal. It relies on setting comparison of the two major guilds - and Mouride Tidjane - who are Sunni. It includes an angle of approach taking into account the diversity and unique socio-cultural contexts, political, economic and religious in the international order marked by constant threats to security. This perspective of cultural dynamics unique promotes understanding of behavioral logic of assigning meaning to approaches to security "faithful" to the Marabouts and fraternities. It is also evaluating new religious events and their consequences for individuals and groups on the Republic, democracy, secularism and security of the Senegalese nation
Moussa, Ibrahim Adamou. "L’insécurité transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest : le cas de la frontière entre le Niger et le Nigeria." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0020/document.
Full textLike the great transformations of international relations, the notions of security, insecurity and border have been deeply transformed, especially due to the advent of the phenomenon labelled as terrorism in many places of the world. This doctoral dissertation explores this situation at the border between Niger and Nigeria. The region has been subjected to cross-border insecurity imposed inter alia by the organization Boko Haram, which acts on a transnational scale without considering the state borders in the Lake Chad Basin region. Thus, this security crisis has been the subject of a number of reactions at national or bilateral levels or from regional and international organizations. The diversified management of this shock wave highlights the contradictions that animate international relations and the complexity in handling this transboundary insecurity that is shifting, poorly known and poorly publicized
Minko, Mi Nze Igor Kevin. "L'intervention du Conseil de sécurité en matière de sécurité maritime." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR140.
Full textMaritime areas are subject to many violations that represent real threats to them. Wrongful Acts of States on the one hand, and the increasing number of crimes on the other hand, contribute to endanger the safety of the navigational system, but also of the marine environment and of the sea users. Although, its main purpose is not to take care of the maritime security, the Chapter VII from the Charter of the United Nations is often used by the Security Council, when they implement peace-keeping missions.Therefore, it can sometimes indirectly participate and protect maritime areas from the wrongful acts committed by some States. During the last ten years, the Security Council has also resorted to Chapter VII in order to protect the maritime areas from the criminal acts that take place there. The impression which emerges from this is that of an ambivalent policy, which is indicative of the collective security’s contribution to the Law of the Sea
Basty, Florence. "Invention et diffusion de la sécurité humaine : les entrepreneurs de normes entre contraintes et actions." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0017.
Full textIn 1994 the UNDP first defines the concept of Human Security in its "Annual Report on Human Development". This concept is thought to question the traditional and restrictive conceptions of security. According to these conceptions security is defined in strictly political and military terms and founded upon the idea of a "balance of power". The report is the result of a "cultural clash" spawned by the realisation that it is necessary to think beyond the homonym peace/disarmament. The individual is just as exposed to the risk of a nuclear power plant disaster, an epidemic or of starvation as to the threat of an interstate conflagration. The report of the UNDP tries to draw the consequences of this perspective by redefining security following seven dimensions : economic, sanitary, environmental, individual, collective and political. From the analytical point of view, the broad notion of Human Security goes further than the concept of "sustainable development". It is also not to be assimilated withe the notion of "good governance that underestimates the importance of development and sticks to a logic of domination of the Northern hemisphere on the Southern one. Such a conceptual innovation begs the question of why it has emerged at a certain moment as a new topic in international relations. What are the origins of the notion and what are the important milestones of its developement ? How has this concept been diffused ? The role of Middle Power and the UN is essential because they made it public and use it as a useful theoretical and practical concept. With NGOs, EU and Human Security Network they propose an inovative and stimulating norms framework for international security
Gauttier, Pascal. "La cohérence de la politique de sécurité humaine de l'Union européenne en direction de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32020.
Full textNicolas-Vullierme, Magali. "Les Rangers canadiens et les Rangers Juniors canadiens : vecteur de sécurité humaine des Inuit canadiens." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV008.
Full textThis research focuses on identifying elements that can create an enabling environment for the protection of human security in Canada's Arctic communities. This study focuses on Nunavik, whose communities suffer from malaise and from many risks related to the concept of human security. To determine if this concept is applied in Canadian Arctic domestic policy, this research analyzes relational dynamics within Canadian Ranger patrols. Canadian Rangers’ patrols are composed mainly of indigenous under the responsibility of non-indigenous instructors. This exploratory research result of an analysis of a corpus of twenty-one interviews and field observations conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Quebec. According to our data, Rangers and Junior Ranger patrols function thanks to balanced relationships respecting Aboriginal culture. These balanced relationships help strengthening the human security of Arctic communities. According to this exploratory study, this reinforcement results from the relational dynamics and the support provided by the Arctic communities to these patrols. The Canadian government, through Canadian Ranger and Canadian Junior Ranger patrols, is thus indirectly contributing to the enhancement of human security in its Arctic communities in Quebec
Gaudreault, France. "La sécurité humaine entre l'individu et l'État, le cas des armes légères et de petit calibre (ALPC)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49095.pdf.
Full textArroyo, Antonio. "Professionnalisation et développement professionnel : cas des agents de sécurité privée de la branche surveillance humaine en France." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR088.
Full textThis academic research task focuses on the tension between the institutional discourse on the professionalization of private security in France and on the learning and practice process of the profession by security agents. Different factors point to the issue of the institutional project of the professionalization and of the training systems. The researcher brings to light, with a qualitative and multidimentional approach, the institutional intentions and the gap between the displayed speech and reality. In the field, the security agents feel uncomfortable at the beginning of their profession, when they understand what their profession truly is. To fulfill the objectives of the contract, they build an informal standard risk of acceptance, the key-driver of the training process. The action thus developed allows the security agents to learn in the course of their activity. The swift evolution of institutional expectancies in security matters transforms the operators and calls them in a new relation to action. The answers given require a global approach to risk prevention and management on sites and territories (mostly with the public attending). A new concept of coproduction of private and public security is born and the institutional discourse then changes in appearance, but the operational reality remains ill-adjusted
Sterkendries, Jean M. R. R. G. "La Belgique et la sécurité de l'Europe occidentale 1944-1955." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211367.
Full textLheureux, Florent. "Innovations technologiques et sécurité routière : modélisation et optimisation de l’acception des systèmes d’aide à la conduite automobile." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10092.
Full textBenoit, Leenhardt Valérie. "Sécurité et facteur humain dans les systèmes complexes : Les limites du prescrit." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H049.
Full textDib, Abderrahmane. "Prise en compte de la sécurité et la fiabilité humaine pour l'évaluation et l'amélioration de la sûreté des systèmes homme-machine : application au TGV." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD724.
Full textFrasson-Quenoz, Florent. "La construction de la communauté de sécurité africaine : une perspective africaine." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30015.
Full textThe difficulties met to insure the preservation of the peace and the international security on the African continent constitute a real obstacle to the economic development, a danger for the populations and a serious threat for the survival of States.The classic theoretical tools of the international security having proved insufficient to provide an answer to this issue, our objective is to determine, on the basis of the constructivist approach, whether African States show a real willingness and\or a capacity to build a Security Community (SC) that would be able to overcome these difficulties.In order to do so we question whether a link exists between the production of “speech acts” on the one hand and the promotion and the adoption of pacific regulation norms for conflicts on the other, and we examine the way African States apprehend their relations with other members of the supposed SC.The additional use of the concept of “region” and the adoption of an African perspective allow us to divide the object of study "Africa" into several subsets more propitious to the achievement of a scientific study, and to evaluate the relevance and the meaning of the SC concept when applied to the African field of study
Perron, Thierry. "Méthodologie d'analyse de sécurité primaire automobile pour la spécification fonctionnelle et l'évaluation prévisionnelle d'efficacité de systèmes d'évitement d'accidents." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0595.
Full textLaliberté, Annie. "Gestion interaméricaine du trafic de drogues, la norme, l'évaluation multilatérale et la sécurité humaine, ou, Le miroir, la belle et la bête." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ53962.pdf.
Full textRichard, Philippe. "Contribution à la formalisation et à l’identification de la stabilité humaine au regard de la sécurité : application aux transports guidés." Valenciennes, 2012. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9e61dd16-8c22-445e-8781-8b9cde10f070.
Full textThe work of the thesis presents an original contribution based on the concept of human stability by identifying the associated risks as part of the safety system assessment. In a first part, the difficulties to take into account human factors in safety studies are highlighted and definitions of new ways for the integration of human factors based on the concept of stability are aimed. The second part presents a state of the art resting on stability and resiliency concepts. Although the stability concept is usually defined around a sustainable equilibrium point that induces a feeling of safety control during normal operation, it appears that the stable behavior of a human operator can lead to risks in certain situations such as hypovigilance, inattention and so on. . . The third part lays the foundation of human stability for risks assessment. Human stability is defined as the ability of the operator to stay in a stable operating state under specified conditions. This concept is then formalized and three modes of stability are developed(time, frequency and sequential modes). The following part proposes to apply this concept of human stability in the framework of ERTMS/ETCS. Then, some perspectives highlight the interest of human stability for the definition of risk indicators to assess system safety
Tekebeng, Lele Télesphore. "Le système africain de sécurité et les opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA014.
Full textThe demand and/or suggestion of an Africanization of peacekeeping in Africa should lead to the reform of the African security system. This is a normative and institutional reform aimed at giving a new orientation to the operational framework in order to enhancing the continent's contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security. This work has been carried out both at the regional level and at the regional economic community (REC) level, which are an integral part of the African peace and security architecture as built within and around the African Union. The most emblematic is for the AU to have a right of intervention where certain RECs, like ECOWAS, have already taken initiatives to respond to the most diverse crises including the genocide. On the whole, this is a significant step forward in the system thus put in place. However, it is difficult to see a typical African model of peacekeeping operations, as it is true that the two segments, operational organization and deployment, reveal a heteronormativity and a multi-institutional deployment. This is probably due to the fragility of certain state actors, which hampers any effort to build a strong Community security system, which in addition requires measures to (re) build the state, supported by international institutions, Starting with the first - the United Nations
Raoui, Sarah. "Le régime des armes légères : approche juridique d'un facteur majeur d'insécurité humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32006.
Full textMost conflicts today are held essentially with small arms and light weapons. They are the weapons of choice in civil wars, organized crime and gang wars. The consideration of the various aspects of the question of light weapons emphasizes the negative incidence that these weapons have on human security, human rights and social and economic development, in particular in situations of crisis, conflict and post-conflict.Fighting against the proliferation of small arms and light weapons requires to act on the supply and demand in armaments, to control existing stocks of weapons and their flow, both at the level of the illicit traffics and legal sales. Besides, the problem of SALW proliferation must be approached in a specific way according to the particular characteristics of this type of weapon, but they should also be included in the control of conventional arms sales in general.Thanks to the will of some States and to the mobilization of the civil society, a real international dynamic was born a few years ago and should lead to the adoption of an Arms Trade Treaty in 2012
Polesel-Laperche, Syria. "Contribution à la sécurité transfusionnelle par une veille épidémiologique de la diversité et de l'émergence virales." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066052.
Full textWolff, Nathalie. "La tranquillité publique et les polices administratives." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010340.
Full textMonnier, Gilles. "Simulation de mouvements humains complexes et prédiction de l'inconfort associé : application à l'évaluation ergonomique du bouclage de la ceinture de sécurité." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0050/these.pdf.
Full textDigital Human Models from now on enable to visualize interactions between an operator and virtual environments, and, as a result, to integrate human factors at a very early stage of design. However, the lack of realism of the generated motions, their low representativity of a population, as well as the real difficulty to create those movements limit the use of these tools into a design process. The objective of this work is therefore to propose an approach enabling a designer, not only to easily simulate complex, realist and representative human motions, but also to assess and explain the discomfort feeling. Regarding discomfort, two approaches were proposed and compared, either based on design parameters or on bio-mechanical parameters. As for motion simulation, the proposed approach is based on data, collected during experiments, as well as knowledge, gathered during motion analysis, integrated into a general framework, and used during the motion simulation process
Moullan, Yasser. "Fuite des cerveaux des médecins, aide étrangère et développement humain : quatre essais empiriques sur les migrations internationales." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010061.
Full textDherine, Jean. "Les instruments de mesure de la gestion de production. : Le problème de la sécurité et de la sauvegarde des ressources humaines et non humaines dans trois grands groupes industriels." Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Dherine.Jean.LMZ0205.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with measurement and the instruments used, through the methods of production management governed by the ISO norms in three large industrial companies : the first of these companies manufactures carbonate and sodium bicarbonate ; the second builds car equipment ; the third develops steel destined to be used cars, household appliances construction works and packaging industries. Starting from the origins and development of measurement, the thesis attemps to establish its hold and incidence on man and machines. A census of the instruments and tools used in production units has led to an observation of the system of constraints inposed on both the operator and his operands. Throughout the interactions between man and machine, we note that measurement does not contradict the juxtaposition of instruments and measuring tools. On the contrary, it encourages the reinforcement of systems which are assured by management techniques intended to increase the safety of man and of machine, and the viability of products. It is by observing measurements and their imposed mechanisms in production units that we manage to reveal their features and their influence on both man and machine
Larouzee, Justin. "Théorie et pratique des modèles d’erreur humaine dans la sécurité des barrages hydroélectriques : le cas des études de dangers de barrages d’EDF." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0067/document.
Full textThis thesis presents two different works: (1) an in-depth study of James Reason's work (Swiss cheese model) and (2) the engineering activity of a model (ECHO) of organizational and human factors in operation of EDF's dams. These works are articulated regarding the role, value and place of human error models in industrial safety management.A literature review shows that dams' safety is mainly based on technical issues. The considerations relating to human factors, although pervasively present in the accidents, seem to be lacking in practice. After its wide use, we present in detail the Reason's model. We highlight a double collaboration (poorly documented) between research and industry on the one hand, Humanities and engineering Sciences on the second hand. Based on this dual partnership as a success condition for efficient safety culture developments, we present the engineering process associated with the design and the implementation of a human factor model in EDF dams' hazards study. Finally, we try to measure and report the effects produced by ECHO on the representations and practices.The discussion focuses on the interest and modalities for double collaboration in industrial safety and, therefore hopes to contribute to reframe the debate on model's nature and value
Lavaud, Christelle. "Le comportement irresponsable, conceptualisation et motivations : application dans le champ de la sécurité maritime." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0106/document.
Full textEvery year, rescue operations at sea are increasing. In 2015, there was 5% more rescues than the previous year. Studies reveal that "caution is not systematic" and that there is a real “dangerconsciousness deficit". Usually, they are often referred to "irresponsible" behaviours. Despite of many prevention actions over the past several years, the number of accidents continues to grow. Therefore, it seems important to understand and prevent this irresponsibility first, in order to use the responsibility of boaters more efficiently. The concept of irresponsibility and its motivations are poorly understood in management sciences, and especially in marketing. The purpose of this research is to explain irresponsible behaviours of sailors through their motivations. A review of the literature and two empirical studies have been conducted. The first chapter presents the current maritime context as well as a multidisciplinary literature review on irresponsibility. A conceptual framework of irresponsibility is presented in the second chapter, explaning how it leads to a first theoretical model. This model is improved in the third chapter through the qualitative study : a thematic analysis of content of 16 semidirective interviews. The fourth chapter presents the methodology used to test the model. The fifth chapter is about the creation of « the motivations to irresponsible behaviours » scale, and the validation of the other measuring instruments. The final chapter presents the test of the model and a typological analysis. This research brings a contribution to the literature about the concept of irresponsibility and the measurement of its motivations. This research allows a better understanding of boaters behaviours and suggests some improvements of the maritime prevention campaigns
Hirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
Full textFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
Bouquet, Christine. "La protection de l'individu contre lui-même dans sa santé et sa sécurité. Étude de diverses mesures." Artois, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0302.
Full textIn a state of right, the notion of the protection of the individual against himself hail inevitably, because any measure of this protection represent a contraint as the question will be to prevent him from choosing the course of action that he wants. The measures which protect the individual against himself can aim at several finalities. First of all, the principal cause of a measure's adoption could be the care of state to advance to the individual's wellbeing even against his will. In principe, the respect of the individual's liberty, which consist, according to the article number four of the Human Rights' Declaration, in being able to do all that doesn't arm to others involve that this one, is one judge of the risks he understands to take personnaly and of the way he understands to avoid them. Nevertheless, there's an exception to this principle. Indeed, there's one hypothsis in which the individual must be protected against himself even though his behaviour doesn't arm to others: it's the question of persons who, on account of their young age, of a mental disease particularly are no more in a position to appreciate the consequences of their acts. But, reading the article number four of the Human Rights' Declaration another case of protection appears':it's the question of individual's behaviors which have some incidences on others because the individual lives in society the absolute liberty doesn't exist, this one is inevitably restricted by the rights of the groupe. This article number four includes this demand. Then, we will have to talk of incident protection of the individual. So, in the interest of public health or security, some measures protecting the security and the heath of their addressee will be taken. Then, we'll see in the second part, that a certain number of measures are nevertheless critical because it would seem that private health and security are alone in cause
Desmorat, Guillaume. "L'entreprise à l'épreuve des facteurs humain et organisationnel : la pratique de l'analyse d'accident au service de la sécurité à GrDF." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00871806.
Full textDoui, Wawaye Augustin Jérémie. "La sécurité, la fondation de l'Etat centrafricain : contribution à la recherche de l'Etat de droit." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732095.
Full textTao, Xiang Tong. "Etude de la tolérance du thorax humain au choc latéral et des critères de blessure." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0017.
Full textThe aim of this research is to diminish the consequences of road accidents for those involved. An analysis is carried out of the external factors influencing the gravity and mechanisms of injury. The tolerance of the human thorax in lateral impact is also estimated with conditions similar to a side impact motor accident
Techer, Franck. "Impact de la colère sur l'attention, le traitement de l'information et les performances en conduite simulée." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2014/document.
Full textAnger is an emotional state that may lead to an aggressive behavior, a reduction of risk perception and an increase of driving offences. Some of these effects may be imputable to an impaired perception or a distraction related to anger. The aim of this thesis was to study the influence of anger on attention and its impacts on driving performances. The first study revealed that anger may improve the alerting network efficiency as measured with a computer task. A second experimentation aimed at observing the presence of such effect during a simulated driving task, using behavioral and electroencephalographic data. Results indicate that anger disrupted lateral control while reducing the attentional resources invested in sensorial processing of information. Finally, the third study, also on simulator, showed that anger may alter the reactivity during a car-following situation, while positively impacting pedestrian detection. These thesis results may confirm the importance to consider driver’s internal state when designing future vehicles or assistance systems
Maiga, Abdoulaye. "La crédibilité de la Commaunauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) dans sa quête de la paix et de la sécurité." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30057.
Full textThe Economic Community of West Africa is an international organization that was involved very early in the peacekeeping and security. It undertook military intervention in some West African states, like Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea Bissau. In 1999, ECOWAS has made a strategic shift in security. This was manifested by the adoption of a new security mechanism to place the human at the heart of security concerns. The new objective of ECOWAS is to achieve human security for the citizens of West Africa. It turns out that the realization of human security requires economic and financial means, or the West African states are among the poorest in the world. Also, since the adoption of the new security mechanism, ECOWAS meeting more and more difficult to achieve the noble principles and recommendations contained in its legal system, in a context of increased of contemporary military and non military threats. After over 30 years of experience in the integration process, is there not now clear that the success of the organization in peacekeeping and security is closely linked to progress in the economic integration? The weak economic outlook states of ECOWAS calls does not change the strategy of integration of ECOWAS? The adoptions of federalism across West Africa cannot it be a way of salvation for ECOWAS?
Pierre-Jean, Pierre. "Modernisation de l'assurance maladie et développement des ressources humaines." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS017S.
Full textManagement Social Security in mind and practice with respect of these traditional goals: protect the population against disease and promote self management of this organization, effective today despite modernity
Jemli, Anissa. "Les rôles des managers dans la formation de leurs collaborateurs : cas de deux entreprises industrielles (automobile et sécurité numérique)." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS019S/document.
Full textIn a complex economic environment, the involvement of managers in training theiremployees seems important. In a French automotive group and a multinational in digitalsecurity, we try to identify the different roles of managers in training, the effects of theseroles, challenges and finally the requirements to carry out these roles.Now, managers live discomfort and it is certain that their position confronts them tomultiple constraints. Work and training activities merge more and more: work activities areplaced at the heart of education and training activities are investing in the workplace: hencethe need to study managers’ roles in the formal and informal training.To answer our research goal, we used the qualitative research method by semistructuredinterviews. It found that managers are heavily involved in training: from animatingtraining sessions until monitoring and knowledge transfer in day to day activities.Our research highlights the “trainer” roles of the manager in a context of instability.Indeed, the personal involvement of managers to train their team can be largely explained bythe complexity of the context that requires from them to act urgently to overcome failures dueto the complexity and the slowness of the formal training process
Cisse, Babou. "La privatisation de la sécurité en Afrique : à la recherche d'une règlementation juridique appropriée." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20017/document.
Full textPrivate military and security companies are legal persons of private law with employees to perform security missions and defense that can give them some states, international organizations or non-state entities. This particular form of production safety is not fully understood by international conventions and domestic laws States. Result of this lack of legal status of these international actors is increasingly involved in the management of conflicts and peacekeeping operations order. Specific obligations of their clients are not determined. This lack of specific guidance proved does not mean that there is a legal vacuum in this sector. Certain international standards and national laws may actually apply to the activities of PMSCs and contractors thereof. Only efficiency that would have such standards in situations that have not been taken into account when adopting them cannot be acquired. Hence a process of international regulation and national regulation initiated in recent years by states but also by international organizations. The companies themselves have felt involved in the production of rules governing their activities and have engaged in the implementation of code of conduct. The imperfection watching all these new rules designed to correct specific deficiencies in international conventions and laws. This requires the proposal of possible solutions in order to better take into account the interests of PMSCs and the protection of those who are exposed to risks that provide private benefits of military security
Diarra, Amadou. "LA DRÉPANOCYTOSE ET LES ASPECTS TRANSFUSIONNELS AU MALI: Problématique de la transfusion sanguine chez les drépanocytaires à Bamako." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/220037.
Full textIntroduction Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where sickle cell mutation with high prevalence’s is originated high. It is recognized as a major health problem by the international community due to its morbidity and mortality. In Mali, around 5-6000 newborns annually affected by sickle cell disease [Diallo, 2008] and they will require specific medical that is by the “Centre de Recherche et de Lutte contre la Drépanocytose » (CRLD) in Bamako. This is the unique Malian center where sickle cell patients from Mali and the sub-region are treated. Because of the lack of systematic screening program at birth, most of the patients are seen at the stage of complications. Blood transfusion is largely used for therapeutic management of these patients. It constitutes an essential therapeutic approach against anemia of highly prevalent in Africa various origins (some requiring also treatment of the cause). However, blood transfusion means significant risks, particularly in area of high prevalence of transfusion transmissible infectious agents. A systematic screening for viral infections like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus(HBV) and Treponema agent of syphilis is required for all blood donations in Bamako, but the high prevalence of these infectious agents in the general population, i.e. blood donors, suggest that the residual risk of transfusion must be important.In order to enhance blood transfusion safety in Mali, we undertook prospective and retrospective studies in the population of blood donor and sickle cell patient transfused to identify transfusion related adverse events and especially for SCD’ patients, suggest a better strategy for their follow-up. Methodology:We conducted a sery of studies which aims to determine:- The characteristics of donors, blood donation and the organization of blood transfusion centers in sub-Saharan French speaking Africa;- The seroprevalence of major infectious agents (HIV, HBV, and HCV) in blood donations at the CNTS in Mali and in sickle cell patients at CRLD. The frequency of anti-erythrocyte allo immunization before and after blood transfusion in sickle cell disease patients;- Identification of difficulties related to newborn screening and monitoring of sickle cell patients in Mali.Blood donors (volunteers and family) were included according to the criteria of blood donation in Mali.Hemoglobin type in sickle cell was determined by the technique of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) before patients’ inclusionScreening for viral infections was performed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and the search for anti-erythrocyte antibodies by indirect Coombs test. ResultsIn the seven countries, donors aged from 18 to 30 years old were more represented i.e. 45% in all centers and more than 70%in four of the seven centers. More than 70% of blood donors were males. Donors were mostly volunteers (over 70%), except in Cameroon and Mali accounting for25.5% and30%, respectively four countries, including Cameroon and Mali had less than,50% of regulars donors.Of the 25 543 blood donations collected at the CNTS in Bamako in 2007, seroprevalence of infectious agents detected represented: 2.6%, 3.3%, and 13.9% for HIV, HCV, and HBV respectively. A statistical significative difference (p<0.05) was observed between family and volunteer donors in term of seroprevalence.the 133 sickle cell patients who received blood transfusion at inclusion, the seroprevalence of viral infections was1%, 3%, and 1%,for HIV, HBV, and HCV, respectively. Three cases of post-transfusion seroconversion were observed but only in sickle cell patients who received blood from family donors.Anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization was observed in 4.4% (4/90) among sickle cell patients with blood transfusion history at the time of inclusion; observed antibodies were anti type D (one case), anti C (two cases) and anti c (one case). However, no case was observed in any sickle cell patients, who received phenotyped RBC at CRLD,For neonatal screening, among the 2480 newborns, 16 were affected. However no scheduled medical follow-up was realized. Conclusion The relatively high prevalence’s of infectious agents in family donors, who represented the majority of blood donors, and of seroconversion observed after blood transfusion in sickle cell patients justify a security policy of blood transfusion procedures based, particulary for SCD patients, blood donations by volunteers. Improved survival of patients with sickle cell disease should be based on the development of early detection programs and regular monitoring. However if this strategy is feasible in terms of diagnosis ,it raises problems at funding for this activity and also of; those should be the subject of discussion for a long term solution
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Berthevas, Jean-François. "Management des réseaux personnels et de la sécurité de l'information dans une perspective d'innovation : le rôle de la culture organisationnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1132.
Full textFrench institutions are now "massively" victims of attempted theft of information . But the human being is the weakest link in security devices information (IS). In particular, the use of personal networks by employees is likely to support innovation activity ... while creating potential loopholes for IS. Therefore, in particular, this doctoral work attempts to progress in the knowledge of human factors to improve IS measures. We focus our work on information exchange between employees of all organizations (government departments, large and small enterprises, ... ) . To answer our questions, we developed a conceptual model based on the context of action that includes notably the mobilization of personal networks, the influence of individual and organizational values and actors’ perception of organizational security measures in place in their organization. We note the importance of organizational culture and behavior perceived of the local Manager as key elements of the IS
Martha, Cécile. "Pratique sportive, conduite routière et prise de risque : Contribution à l'étude de la vulnérabilité objective et de la perception des risques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22060.pdf.
Full textThis study examines the relationship between risk taking in road traffic and in sport. We suppose that the way individuals experience risk is the same in both fields. We survey three groups of subjects (n=574) : high-risk sportsmen (skydivers, BASE-jumpers, and paragliders), medium-risk sportsmen (triathletes), and a control group composed of low-risk sportsmen and non-sportsmen. Correlation analyses show that only high-risk sportspeople have the same relationship with danger while driving and doing sport. One-way ANOVAs and interactional analyses using linear regression reveal a link between high physical risk sport and playing while driving, risky-driving, road crasches experience, and comparative optimism regarding quality of one’s reflexes while driving. Such a study shows that physical activity can be a relevant variable to understand risk-taking in road traffic
Agbobly-Atayi, Amevi. "L’organisation internationale de la francophonie en matière de prévention, de gestion et de règlement des crises et conflits en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : cas de la république démocratique du Congo, du Tchad, de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Togo." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30059.
Full textIn francophone Sub-Saharan Africa conflicts and crises have increased in number and intensity over the two last decades and remained a major issue demanding a global response. They are often mainly caused by the breach of human rights and the coming of democratic process leading chaotic transitions, such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chad, Ivory Coast and Togo.The international organisation of “ francophonie” – whose role consists in promoting culture and whose new tools and mechanisms aim at preventing and solving crises – play a major part among the UN and other international and regional organisations as a cultural institution for democracy and security. Apart from its prevailing part played in terms of contribution to the democratic process, the actions of the organisation complement those of other organisations involved in preventing, managing, and solving conflicts.At this time of security challenge among countries and despite limited means, working out – within this geo cultural area that has a political dimension – a secure strategic identity, turns out to be necessary in order to curb major threats and risks and fully play the role of influential power
Badalassi, Nicolas. "Adieu Yalta ? La France, la détente et les origines de la Conférence sur la Sécurité et la Coopération en Europe, 1965 - 1975." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713652.
Full textPruvost-Couvreur, Manon. "Estimation de l'exposition humaine tout au long de la vie aux contaminants chimiques par l'alimentation. Développement d'une méthodologie et évaluation des conséquences en termes de risques sanitaires." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR147F.
Full textMany chemical substances are present in food as the result of human activities or naturally occurring in the environment. To assess the health risk associated with the ingestion of these substances, the development of an appropriate methodology is required. In our work, we are developing a method for estimating lifetime exposure trajectories to a chemical contaminant at the individual level. This method makes it possible to consider the evolution of consumption behaviours over the entire life, the variations in food contamination over the decades, but also the potential lifetime accumulation of substances in the body. To illustrate the benefits of a such method, we have selected three contrasting examples of chemical hazards: cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls and bisphenol A. While a classical approach is limited to not being able to exclude a risk due to cadmium ingestion during childhood, our method based on lifetime body burden trajectories predicts that adverse effects appear after the age of 50. For PCBs, we show a strong generational impact on dietary exposures and associated risks. Finally, the example of BPA illustrates the importance of studying exposure to chemical substances from conception. This work will make it possible to predict he health risks associated with the presence of chemical substances in food, based on the lifetime sociodemographic profile of individuals
Perret, Viviane. "Élaboration et validation de critères ergonomiques pour les Interactions Homme Système Simplexe." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20028.
Full textThe aeronautical field is clearly a complex system; a complexity that should be extended in the coming years with the increased traffic and the autonomy diversification of the aircraft. The complexity is embedded in the technological systems design in order to enable the operators to define in an effective, efficient and satisfactory way a solution facing challenges posed by the complexity of the reality on their performance and safety. These properties are those of a system that we name here simplex. Nevertheless, the current available methods in ergonomics to assess Human-Simplex System Interactions (HSSI) are limited face the Human Oriented Approach of Complexity. In this regard, we focused on the development of ergonomic criteria in support of the human factors specialists’ diagnosis task. The criteria definition followed a user-centred design process by involving 4 Human Factors specialists from the industrial and university sector throughout the whole design and assessment process. A primary version has been built by following the Grounded Theory methodology. Then, the criteria have been successively updated after 3 assessments. Two studies focused on the usability level of the criteria. They were based on an assignment task of aeronautical problems to the elementary criteria proposed. A study focused on the reliability and valid level of the criteria to identify problems. It was based on an inspection task carried out with an aeronautical concept and a system from the general public. The set of these studies has been performed with 39 Human Factors specialists and 22 engineers involved in Human Complex System Interactions This work led to the development of 26 elementary criteria dealing with the adaptability properties of the system (i.e., adapted and adaptive). The results highlight that the criteria are reliable, valid and usable as a method assisting the human factors specialist diagnosis, but their usability level still requires to be improved
Lauzier, Nicolas. "Mécanismes de sécurité pour l'interaction physique humain-robot : réduction des forces de contact par l'utilisation de limiteurs de couple dans la conception de robots manipulateurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28505/28505.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents the analysis, synthesis, optimization, design and experimental validation of safety mechanisms in the context of physical human-robot interaction. In order to improve safety, which is essential to allow the coexistence of humans and robots, an approach based on the design of intrinsically safe manipulators is preferred to collision avoidance and detection systems for reliability reasons. The maximum contact force occuring during a collision is used as a safety criterion due to its simplicity and validity in the context of robotics. For serial robots, it is proposed to place a torque limiter in series with each actuator whereas for suspended robots, it is preferable to separate the base and the effector with a parallel mechanism in which some joints are replaced with torque limiters --- thereby forming a \emph{Cartesian force limiting device}. The use of such mechanisms allows the reduction of the effective manipulator inertia during a collision without affecting the performances under normal conditions. A model is first created in order to compare --- using simulations --- the safety gains obtained with torque limiters with the ones obtained with other articular safety mechanisms when they are implemented alone or in combination with other safety devices. Methods to optimally control the thresholds of adjustable torque limiters placed in series with each actuator of a serial robot are developed. A kinematic performance index is proposed in order to optimize the pose and architecture of such a robot. The approach and the developed methods are experimentally validated using prototypes of adjustable torque limiters based on friction which are placed in series with each actuator of a four-degree-of-freedom robot. Finally, architectures of Cartesian force limiting devices are proposed and optimized and their effectiveness in the context of suspended robots is experimentally validated.
Nallet, Nathalie. "Profils de personnalité en lien avec les infractions et/ou les accidents de la route : qui sont les stagiaires permis à points ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20018/document.
Full text« Is the visible computable » constitutes the leitmotiv of this research. It finds its origin in the practice of a psychologist animator in numerous point recovery courses. The application ground is road safety; part of a public health and worldwide preoccupation. The system ideology is based on the link between offences and accidents. The road education issue questions terms of cognitive treatment and is linked to social and legal preoccupations. But committing offences is a complex and located act, under the influence of several parameters, particulary: age, sex, personality, risk-taking, sensation-seeking, mental representations and behaviour as well as social influence. The literature review allows the link between individual risk factors and traffic violations, or even accidents to be made. A case-control study (n=2014), with 854 course takers describes them and invalidates the idea according to which they would be comparable to Mister Everybody. Course takers are not very sensitive to sanction, as seen during childhood where girls are more sensitive to punishment than boys who are sensitive to encouragement. Therefore an education and prevention system which takes reward into account remains to be imagined in constructing the pedagogy of the courses. The reward principle should not allow anybody, in particular men who represent 90% of the course takers, to stock points in order to reduce them later. Social characteristics, way of life and personality of drivers in the course bring knowledge to construct the courses. Post licence assessments including individual concerns in a collective stake of public health could allow a move from remedy to prevention. The pedagogy must focus even more on way of life and especially living together rather than theoretical content. It has already been shown that the more the accent is put on personality in this type of animation the lower the rate of repetition (DAN 2000). It remains to be seen whether it is support or therapy, and in the latter case whether the length of the point recovery course period as well as an absence of valuation and monitoring is a problem or a utopian ideal
Leloup-Velay, Mélodie. "L'assurance face aux droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED007/document.
Full textThere is an increase in the focus on fundamental rights in the French insurance landscape. This tends to change the nature of the disputes involving both the insurer and the insured. The right to equality and the protection of one’s privacy hinder the insurer's use of new actuarial techniques and the use of tools provided by the Internet. Thus the European Court of Justice’s decision on March 1st 2011 forbids the difference in premium between men and women.For the insurer, supervisory authorities and share economy can threaten its rights to legal certainty, fair trials and freedom of enterprise. It seems to have no equivalent in the protection level of the fundamental rights of the insurer compared to those of the insured. This imbalance is justified by the social role of insurance, a role recently challenged by the absence of respect towards the basic principles of insurance and the lack of predictability of the claims’ costs
Auboyer, Audrey. "Contribution à l'évolution du retour d'expérience en tunnel routier vers un outil de compréhension du comportement humain (usager et exploitant)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005923.
Full textConstans, Florian. "Méthodologie de conception d'un système d'assistance au pilotage, application à l'aéronautique civile : sécurisation des phases d'approche et d'atterrissage." Toulouse, ISAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0015.
Full textLeurent, Edouard. "Apprentissage par renforcement sûr et efficace pour la prise de décision comportementale en conduite autonome." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I049.
Full textIn this Ph.D. thesis, we study how autonomous vehicles can learn to act safely and avoid accidents, despite sharing the road with human drivers whose behaviors are uncertain. To explicitly account for this uncertainty, informed by online observations of the environment, we construct a high-confidence region over the system dynamics, which we propagate through time to bound the possible trajectories of nearby traffic. To ensure safety under such uncertainty, we resort to robust decision-making and act by always considering the worst-case outcomes. This approach guarantees that the performance reached during planning is at least achieved for the true system, and we show by end-to-end analysis that the overall sub-optimality is bounded. Tractability is preserved at all stages, by leveraging sample-efficient tree-based planning algorithms. Another contribution is motivated by the observation that this pessimistic approach tends to produce overly conservative behaviors: imagine you wish to overtake a vehicle, what certainty do you have that they will not change lane at the very last moment, causing an accident? Such reasoning makes it difficult for robots to drive amidst other drivers, merge into a highway, or cross an intersection — an issue colloquially known as the “freezing robot problem”. Thus, the presence of uncertainty induces a trade-off between two contradictory objectives: safety and efficiency. How to arbitrate this conflict? The question can be temporarily circumvented by reducing uncertainty as much as possible. For instance, we propose an attention-based neural network architecture that better accounts for interactions between traffic participants to improve predictions. But to actively embrace this trade-off, we draw on constrained decision-making to consider both the task completion and safety objectives independently. Rather than a unique driving policy, we train a whole continuum of behaviors, ranging from conservative to aggressive. This provides the system designer with a slider allowing them to adjust the level of risk assumed by the vehicle in real-time
Taglialatela, Carla. "Conscience de rôle et personnalités pathologiques : analyse de la désinvolture." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC073/document.
Full textThis study aims to explore, define and validate a topic of great epistemological transdisciplinary interest, which is the existence of roles (anthropological, emotional and social roles), the role-consciousness and the role relationships. Indeed, the study aims to provide a status and a function to the notion of role for the human sciences, paying attention to the evolution of roles over the latest centuries. Taking into the account that we are always in the role (thrown to roles), the out-role is not possible, the inter-meeting is carried out through transient or everlasting roles, this research aims to consider its positive and its structuring aspects but also its obstacles, both referred to the individual and the social body. In fact, the establishment of roles and their contents outlines a particularly important mediator device, defining, in different ways, expectations and agreements that might have both elements, adjusting the organization of ties (benefits, obligations and constraints) and tasks. We will analyze whether this system of roles allows a limitation of the conflicts and an optimization of ergonomic or emotional subdivision, whether these roles can receive adaptations, redefinitions and necessary modulations. We will see how the roles are constantly built, redefined and reinvented. The issue of the partition of roles and the compliance of each person to his own role, if any and always problematic, must be analyzed from the living perspective. A phylogenetic perspective allows us to look at the formation of the system of roles as one of the living necessities: to confirm this thesis, we have observed not only the animal world, but we have also considered the possibility of human neoteny.Approaching the psychological and psychopathological implications of the matter, the task of this research is to explore the different ways by which we relate to the roles. Are we always aware of the fact we play one or more roles, and that we are in charge of elaborating the relevant tasks? How and why to join them? Starting from these questions, an analysis on nonchalance has emerged. The nonchalance, also defined as ease or calmness, is the attitude of carelessness or negligence in the commitment and investment of the roles that each person has chosen to play: through this carelessness or negligence, through what has not been thought (or evaluated) the individual is often led to fail in his role, to miss it, without giving him alternative answers. This happens due to a little or not elaborate role-consciousness. An anthropological-phenomenological analysis will show how this attitude of nonchalance - very close to immaturity to the point of being considered, in some cases, as a last manifestation of immaturity - is present in a different ways, also in various pathological contexts (pathological personality or sometimes true pathologies), both for defect and for excess (the Typus melancolicus does not express nonchalance at all).Stuck between normality and pathology, the status of nonchalance is complex since this attitude is associated with numerous voluntary or involuntary transgressions, due to the many aspects that have not been previously taken into account and that characterize it: the field of road safety shows the ease dynamic works, because of the many errors committed by imprudence, improvidence, incoherence or negligence that belong to the register of nonchalant behavior. The study of the links between confidence and transgressions feeds the formal analysis of the transgression (General transgressology). A general trasngressology has the task of highlighting the mode and the primary reasons for these transgressions, whatever the agreement and nature of what has been transgressed is