Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sécurité nationale – Afrique'
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Camara, Makha. "Repenser la sécurité, un impératif de développement pour l'Afrique." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30009.
Full textThe break-up of the notion of security, which started at the end of World War II, has become even more marked since the end of the cold war. The State is no longer the only centre of security stakes, as new doctrines on security appears (on human and global security in this case). In Africa, the end of the cold war has opened a new era in which several factors have inevitably implied rethinking the notion of security, and rethinking the security policies implemented. At the end of the cold war, subsaharan Africa lost its strategic importance for the Western world, which until then had been engaged in a global fight against communism. France, which was a major reference in this area, started to withdraw in the early nineties, and has reinforced this attitude since 1994. It is much less implied in security and cooperation policies. The void left by the French has increased the African powers' need for security, wich tends to be met by private security operators, as much in the civil as in the military area. Moreover, the rise in conflicts within the States, and their tendency to take on a regional dimension, has reduced the control of the State over security matters. Far from being mainly related to security matters, the causes of these atrocious conflicts can be found in the failure of policies and the failure of the idea of development that existed until the early 2000s. All these factors imply that security should be rethought. This entails new policies which mean Africans should take control of their own security (these new policies will thus be African, and based on African instruments) and which should be implemented on a regional level (and not only at the level of the State). In the same way, foreign assistance concerning security should be multilateral (and less and less bilateral, at least in terms of conflict management). But whereas in Western countries, the State is less and less at the centre of security, in Africa nothing can be considered without strengthening the institutions of the State, which alone can guarantee the best conditions of security and thus of development. A new and wider idea of security implies a notion of development which should better take into account the situation of the majority of the population, which is excluded, marginalised or in extreme poverty
Moussa, Ibrahim Adamou. "L’insécurité transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest : le cas de la frontière entre le Niger et le Nigeria." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0020/document.
Full textLike the great transformations of international relations, the notions of security, insecurity and border have been deeply transformed, especially due to the advent of the phenomenon labelled as terrorism in many places of the world. This doctoral dissertation explores this situation at the border between Niger and Nigeria. The region has been subjected to cross-border insecurity imposed inter alia by the organization Boko Haram, which acts on a transnational scale without considering the state borders in the Lake Chad Basin region. Thus, this security crisis has been the subject of a number of reactions at national or bilateral levels or from regional and international organizations. The diversified management of this shock wave highlights the contradictions that animate international relations and the complexity in handling this transboundary insecurity that is shifting, poorly known and poorly publicized
Kameni, Apoli Bertrand. "Sécurisation des approvisionnements internationaux en minerais stratégiques et insécurité en Afrique : implications politiques et conflictuelles de la recherche par les grandes puissances des matériaux miniers indispensables aux industries de haute technologie et de défense, 1945-2010." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4027.
Full textHow to understand one of the fundamental logic behind the main armed violence and predatory political regimes in Africa? This study examines the main conflicts and the phenomena of political violence in Sub-Saharan Africa between 1945 and 2010, it reformulates the problematic of insecurity in Africa. It verifies the hypothesis of the link that might exist between the search and exploitation of minerals of economic, industrial and therefore of strategic importance on one hand and, on the other, the development of arms and/or political conflicts among States or among different groups within the State considered. It has clearly established a causal relation between the apparition and the pursuit of arms and/or political conflicts in Africa and the international demand of strategic minerals. Trough a historical and comparative dimension, the study clearly shows how the minerals that industrialized countries look for in Africa are at the same time those in line with the world industrial and technological evolution and those contained in the subsoil of States and regions in conflict. It reveals how the moment where conflicts broke out coincides very often with the development of new industrial and technological applications with new imperative raw material requirements. By making this choice, the demonstration of the link between global stakes and local stakes in Africa, this pioneer study distances itself from the cultural factors, which are often privileged in the explanation of political and armed conflicts in Africa
Akono, Atangane Eustache. "Les conflits et la redistribution de la puissance en Afrique noire francophone." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33030.
Full textConflicts of creation States in Africa pushed countries of French-speaking to concede attributes of the power in France. During the cold war, France committed by agreements of defence to assure the order interns and the security of his allies, without instituting a lasting peace however. Since the end of the cold war, conflicts reemerge in Africa. These conflicts defer the posterior growth crisis to the independence. Of addition, these conflicts are not anymore the expression of the cold war. Of this fact, the great powers only grant them any interest, and they disengage in the African conflict regulation. Following french's " disengagement " and difficulties of the international community to find some adequate solutions to these conflicts, African States committed to solve them and to assures their security from new modalities : the reinforcing of national army and the intensifying of new systems of regional security. However, these new method will be efficient if they are followed has real political will
Atché, Bessou Raymond. "Les conflits armés internes en Afrique et le droit international." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0385.pdf.
Full textThe african continent development is heavily ampered by ceaseless indoors murderous conflits, if not by civil wars. Everywhere the threat remains indeciduous. National armies up yesterday just after independence years, confirmed unability to spread protection and so, experiment daily enormous troubles as for keeping control upon respective national territories and borders. But in front of said conflicts, here above given as phenomenons powered to mishandle the sensibler sovereign rope, a certain number of questions go up growing: in any way, how can the international law intervene to regulate conflictual cases that belong to daily African states quite private area ? Hard questions. Indoors armed conflicts give rise to troubles but for regulation, what strategical means can be considered to contain them? Henceforth, we will divide the whole topic into two parts : upon the first part, let us speak essentially about substancial and normative aspects of conflicts; further in the second part, we will try to lead searches upon how the international law might bring answers able to solve armed conflicts. Some European countries, and particulary France, thought that spreading reinforcement of African Means to Keep Peace “RECAMP” upon war zones will be sufficient to any peace later. The United States thought the same with African Crisis Response Initiative “ACRI”. Therefore for us none of enumareted steps, even if any of them might be valuable as proposition, can lead to peace. It belongs to Subsaharan African Head of States here to join means and to create immediately what we will not hesitate to call “Common Forces For Peace in Africa” (CFPA). Anyone will not build a such (and obvious) more adapted working stool for them
Mvé, ebang Bruno. "Politique étrangère et sécurité nationale d'un petit État : analyse de l'action du Gabon pour la paix et la sécurité en Afrique Centrale, une politique extérieure au service de la construction et de la préservation de l'intérieur." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30018.
Full textAfrica is the region of the world, in which, exists the largest number of bloody armed crises. Since the independences, this region has never really known peace and security in all its regional entities. In this somber african board, Central Africa occupies an unenviable place. Abandoned in its sad fate at the end of the Cold War, countries, such as the Gabon, decided to direct particularly their foreign policy with the aim of helping states in crises, of its immediate environment, to cover a certain stability But especially in a logic of national reassurance. Small country of Central Africa, the Gabon feels the effects of the persistent regional instability. This Gabonese commitment for the peace was not born with its entry in the sovereignty. It built itself over the years. Its action for its building and national security has never aimed at reproducing exactly the same model of stability which it can but only arrive at the silence of weapons. It is obvious that as any political commitment, the gabonese regional action presents certain limits and the state should take measures aiming at a better international assertion. Nevertheless, the action of such country is important because by prioritizing the dialogue, they supply a painstaking job which manages, all the same, to put an end to the bloodsheds and to their tendency to the overflowing
Meyer, Angela. "L'intégration régionale et son influence sur la structure, la sécurité et la stabilité d'Etats faibles : l'exemple de quatre Etats centrafricains." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9ke039ep06.
Full textIn Central Africa, the inner stability of weak states, such as Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic and Chad, is threatened by the inability of the states to guarantee their populations’ security. This is due on the one hand to a lacking political willingness as well as to problems of deficiency and mismanagement of means and resources. On the other hand, it is related to the new and enlarged understanding of security, which presents the state with challenges it can hardly deal with alone. As this study tries to show, this weakness and the growing risk of instability could be overcome by an increase in regionalism, i. E. Intensive regional cooperation. In Central Africa however, the revival of regional structures since the nineties has not had a significant effect on the region’s security and stability yet. This is not only due to the focus on economic issues, but most notably to the intergovernmental structure of the main regional organisations, CEMAC and CEEAC. By still giving the state a predominant position in decision-making and control, these regional processes do not seem sufficiently adapted to the current international context and the new concept of security. Thence, they do not address enough issues affecting human security. By analysing the principle theories on regionalism and by referring to other examples of regionalisation in Africa, notably ECOWAS and SADC, this study tries to show that a solution could be found in opening the Central African regional structures to non-state actors, especially from the civil society. In this way, it could be possible to overcome the logic of interstate cooperation and to attain a state of integration
Messe, Mbega Christian. "La Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) : quelle politique de sécurité pour une organisation régionale à vocation économique ?" Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML016/document.
Full textI assesses the strengths and weaknesses of ECCAS in building regional security in Central Africa through a SWOT (including internal and external factors that promote an entity and those that threaten it). Thus, this thesis shows that ECCAS, whose founding objectives were not safe in the classical sense of the term, was finally able to better develop its defense capabilities as its economic integration due to the low complementarity of national economies which up. However, I emphasize the limits of this security dimension: the lack of logistical and financial resources and the set of external powers. These shortcomings tend to discredit the capacities of ECCAS safety and result in the recovery of its responsibilities by other local regional organizations such as CEMAC
Faty, Moustapha. "La Politique de sécurité et de stabilité au Maghreb." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMD001/document.
Full textAbstractMaghreb is porter zone of a number of contradictions, political, ideological fractures, even the economic and different security systems. All of these elements are of pressure or crises and conflicts that show the Maghreb remain an extremely weak and vulnerable region. It is also an area which fall in fiercest conflicts for since a long time ago, the insoluble problems of western Sahara, tensions between Algeria and Morocco, conflict between Morocco and Spain (the enclaves of Septa and M'Lila). As for as of a number of subjects that constitute a difficult trap to master.The question of security and the stability of Maghreb lay down in terms of indivisibility .the global problem affirmed since the independence of the nations of the region. The military aspects, economic, demographic, cultural, religions, and politic are strongly inter-related. The reinforcement of the security and the stability in this area appears a major strategic option in which must engage all Mediterranean Maghreb countries and international actors
N'Diaye, Mame Gnilane. "Les recherches régionales pour une solution aux conflits en Afrique de l'Ouest." Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO33033.
Full textThe events which shake one and the other the countries of West Africa challenge us. The African west corroded by its regional abscesses presents an extremely complex situation which led many States as well as African organizations to take initiatives in order to find an exit with these problems. In spite of these initiatives, weaknesses of nature's structural, logistic, operational, financial however continue to block the development as of their capacities to face the conflicts in the area; added with this report the absence of a standing army force, from where need for the installation of a new strategy to come to end from the conflicts. The transfer of the forces armed to a level higher than that with national spaces is essential because the conflicts have today a tendency to a propagation and a diffusion out of the national borders. This prospect of total nature to regulate the conflicts is the only viable step if, West Africa wants to leave this swirl of insecurity in which it is. This armed force finds already its bases in the total concept of a mechanism of prevention and management of the conflicts and, its legitimacy within the regional and international organizations. Its creation is possible, but only if the African western countries manage to set up a model of organization and operation adapted while profiting from the co-operation of the Western countries
Ntwari, Guy-Fleury. "L'Union africaine et la promotion de la paix, de la sécurité et de la stabilité en Afrique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30082.
Full textThe Promotion of Peace, security and stability is a fundamental objective of the African Union, the Pan African continental organization. This aim is a now a core legal function for which has been established an appropriate scheme within the Organization: the Architecture of Peace and Security in Africa (APSA). Within an updated legal articulation, at the heart of which is the Peace and Security Council, this function is placed in legal conditions that must allow the African Union to act effectively in the cases of breach of peace, security and stability. More than a decade after the establishment of the new organization, the fundamental nature of this function, pushes therefore to question its proper place, in light of the capacity of the Organization to ensure it, at the facts test. This question illuminates emergence conditions of this function but identifies also an ambivalent dynamic in its implementation, marked at once by the extensive nature of the competences of the Organization in this area but its limited scope when facing increasing conflicts
Koungou, Léon. "Technicisation et réformes des politiques étatiques de défense du monde contemporain : adaptation de l'institution militaire et perspective stratégique en Afrique subsaharienne (Cameroun-Nigeria)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010339.
Full textMohamed, Osman Roukiya. "La politique de sécurité et de défense dans la corne de l'Afrique : le cas de Djibouti." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20129.
Full textThis thesis studies the politics of security and defence that have been developed in the Horn of Africa. Our main objective is to show that in Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti there are political, historical, economical and sociological factors that explain the prevailing insecurity within the region. Its geostrategic position makes it a coveted area for fighting terrorism and piracy. Nevertheless this geographical advantage is not as profitable as it could be because of civil wars, boundary disputes and natural disasters that have generated one of the world’s biggest humanitarian and food crisis. Security and defence policies, whether regional or continental, have shown to be powerless when facing these realities. The failures of these policies are due to disagreements between Heads of State and to the lack of financial resources within States, the African Union and its sub-regional agencies such as IGAD and COMESA. By studying the case of Djibouti we will prove that national security policies have been weakened by corruption, clientelism and tribalism, which has lead to the insurgence of the impoverished population. Because Djibouti is one of the most stable States in the region, it serves as a barometer that measures new treats to the stability of the zone. As a neighbouring country to the hotbeds of terrorism and piracy, Djibouti is where the French, the American and the Japanese have settled their military bases; it has also consequently become the target of terrorist groups. The military bases have certainly improved the security and the economy of the area but they have also had a negative impact on its social environment
Belomo, Essono Pélagie Chantal. "L'ordre et la sécurité publics dans la construction de l'Etat au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306419.
Full textBahou, Mohamed El Amine. "Les franchises africaines d'Al Qaida." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020073.
Full textAl Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb and Al-Shabaab perfectly illustrate the functioning of contemporary jihad. Born into a context of civil war, from the fall out of national jihadist movements, these two groups are, today, the only ones in Africa whose allegiance have been acknowledged by Al Qaida. Seizing on domestic political and economic struggles, the two groups rose to prominence through social fault lines and equality claims. Facing security and political stalemates, they made allegiance to Al Qaida hoping that international recognition would provide them with the wherewithal and recruits they lacked. The allegiances were opportunistically acknowledged by Al Qaida when Bin Laden's organization was severely weakened by years of war on terror.On the other side of the game, due to a set of divergent ideologies and particular interests, States and international organizations are deploying cacophonous strategies, that not only have poor effect on the ground, but also fit well with the jihadist propaganda. The tale of a foretold fiasco
Gabrielli, Lorenzo. "La construction de la politique d'immigration espagnole : ambiguïtés et ambivalences à travers le cas des migrations ouest-africaines." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599104.
Full textCisse, Babou. "La privatisation de la sécurité en Afrique : à la recherche d'une règlementation juridique appropriée." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20017/document.
Full textPrivate military and security companies are legal persons of private law with employees to perform security missions and defense that can give them some states, international organizations or non-state entities. This particular form of production safety is not fully understood by international conventions and domestic laws States. Result of this lack of legal status of these international actors is increasingly involved in the management of conflicts and peacekeeping operations order. Specific obligations of their clients are not determined. This lack of specific guidance proved does not mean that there is a legal vacuum in this sector. Certain international standards and national laws may actually apply to the activities of PMSCs and contractors thereof. Only efficiency that would have such standards in situations that have not been taken into account when adopting them cannot be acquired. Hence a process of international regulation and national regulation initiated in recent years by states but also by international organizations. The companies themselves have felt involved in the production of rules governing their activities and have engaged in the implementation of code of conduct. The imperfection watching all these new rules designed to correct specific deficiencies in international conventions and laws. This requires the proposal of possible solutions in order to better take into account the interests of PMSCs and the protection of those who are exposed to risks that provide private benefits of military security
Tankoua, Roméo. "Criminalité et justice pénale dans l'espace CEMAC : de l'expérience nationale à l'ouverture communautaire du droit criminel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA024.
Full textThe dynamics of economic integration in CEMAC’s region is based on free movement of people, goods and capital. Helped by the opening of the borders, people are free to move from one country to another for economic and security reasons. This is the consequence of instability in many countries such as Central African Republic, Chad and Congo. The major problem is that, how to manage delinquency specially the prevention or the repression of the national and the cross border criminality? In fact, it is nowadays advisable not to allow the countries which are welcoming foreigners to behave as a paradise in such a way that, those who have troubled the national order should not be punished. Even though at the national level there are still some misunderstandings concerning the criminal law. At the national level and particularly as far as Cameroon is concerned, the main aim which is to fight against criminality has many problems, especially modernity way through which our court is passing. According to the Cameroon (new Code of criminal procedure of july 2005), CAR (two new codes, penal and criminal procedure, 2010) and Chad (Prajust, 2008) . As far as community is concerned, CEMAC has really specialize, in police cooperation, which is necessary to over pass all the transgression, which are caused by social nuisants. Actually, the legislator can capitalize the expertise of OHADA’s book, and open himself to European Union experience
Gabrielli, Lorenzo. "La construction de la politique d’immigration espagnole : ambiguïtés et ambivalences à travers le cas des migrations ouest-africaines." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40014/document.
Full textThis project aims to analyse the development of Spanish immigration policy through the caseof West African migrations which significantly reveals the ambiguous and ambivalent nature ofthe policy. In the context of migratory flows reversal, Spain has become an increasingly importantdestination for immigrants, so I wish to address the complicated implementation of a nationalpolicy which, from its birth in 1985, has had to reconcile EU obligations with internal interests. Ishall look at how the virulent politicisation of immigration issues in 2000 not only represents akey moment in the development of Spanish policy, but Europeanization process as well. Thesignificance of this is that Spain, a country which was at first a passive recipient of Europeannorms and practices, steadily became a central actor in the key debates and issues surroundingimmigration in the EU. These include the Spanish alignment to the securitisation process ofimmigration as well as becoming a model in the internationalisation of immigration policythrough its action towards the African continent. I will also analyse the development of theexternal dimension of Spanish policy, which through an exacerbated focus on sub-Saharanimmigration leads to a widespread effect of the migratory issues in its dealings with Africa. Thereassessment and consequent improvement of Spanish relations with Morocco was a crucialmoment due to the country’s strategic importance as a “transit zone” to Europe. This trendcontinued with the consequent re-engagement in West Africa following the Africa Plan which Ibelieve reflects the role of the African continent as a privileged field of expression towards theexternalisation of migratory flows control. The deciphering of this emerging Euro-Africanframework of migration governance and its negotiation help us to fully comprehend theconsequences and collateral effects of this policy
Bangoura, Dominique. "Le facteur militaire et la sécurité en Afrique : un problème national, régional et international, de 1960 à nos jours." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30021.
Full textAfrica's political and military behaviour expresses in very numerous and different ways. Considering its security, ten, means to study it on a national, regional, i. E. Intracontinental african level, and since there is no national self sufficiency, on a international or extracontinental level. Actually, security in africa is based on a ternary political and military problematical question, that implies a different degree study, a measuring of proitious and unpropitious factors with their interferences as far as peace and stability are concerned. As the main element fo national security, there stands the army. Each of the african states then, develops a strong anmy of its own so as to assume its country defence, its state stability and the individual and real estate security. As the main element of regional security, there stands the african unity organisation in which the african states agree upon thaking legal and political security measures, and in case of need, upon creating an occasional military force fitting to a very particular predicament. Beside this panafrican orghanisation, the african states want to promote regional and under-regional understanding by means of conducting negociations better than resorting to force, to emphasize neighbourhood instead of nursing struggles and lkeardership and expansionism problems. As the main element of international security, the african states refer the matter to each of the western? Easterne, northern or southern part of the world, so as to prepare their military officers and to buy their war make sure they will be helped in case of emlergency. They military relationships are based upon deep historical links, new political affinities or solidarity towards the whird-wold. They are expecting to be able to fill in the present gaps narrowing their own defence and stability abilities. Unfortunatily
Zongo, Windata Miki. "La sécurité comme enjeu de politique étrangère en Afrique : analyse par les médiations du Burkina Faso dans les crises politiques en Afrique de l'Ouest : 1991-2012." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB198.
Full textAs concept of International Relations justifying foreign action of States, the national interest is a notion always present in the governement leaders speeches about foreign affairs. But its meaning and its purpose are subtle and diversified as the introduction of Multilateralism and its objective of international security show. Despite the emergence of legitimate structures, the State gets involved for international security in foreign actions through discourse and implication. This implication, far from a discourse of symbolic objectives, takes part in an accurately orchestrated strategy in the name of national interest. Thus, on the African continent, we attend the emergence of foreign policies and national diplomatic actions dedicated to international security. This analysis demonstrates by the constructivist approach that the practices of mediation by Burkina Faso in West Africa participates in this trend - in contrast to the disseminated discourse of security in this subregion
Marcolino, José Manuel. "Segurança nacional como condição para o crescimento econômico : o caso de Angola no período de 1975 até 2013." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109259.
Full textO objetivo desta tese é avaliar como os investimentos ou gastos militares para a segurança nacional influenciaram o crescimento econômico de Angola, desde 1975 até 2013. Dividimo- la em três ensaios, tendo como foco principal as consequências econômicas dos conflitos armados (intra-angolana e com beligerantes externos) que aconteceram no país, principalmente depois da independência em 1975. Estes conflitos armados estão inseridos num contexto africano subsaariano, como extensão da Guerra Fria entre as Grandes potências mundiais da época: EUA e URSS. Trouxemos aqui não só as associações da participação dos três principais movimentos (MPLA, FNLA, UNITA) que participaram da luta de libertação contra o colonialismo português, mas também relatos de como estes três se enfrentaram em vários conflitos armados, essencialmente entre o MPLA e a UNITA, depois da derrota da FNLA em 1975 e o exílio do seu líder. Também focamos a Batalha do Cuito Cuanavale, num contexto de conflito “mundial”, da qual participaram, além das duas forças intervenientes (Angola e África do Sul), também os Estados Unidos da América (EUA), Cuba e a ex-União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (ex-URSS), e cujos custos foram altos, tanto materiais, quanto humanos. Para dar fundamento e responder a pergunta da tese “se os gastos militares para a segurança do país são fatores determinantes para o crescimento ou estagnação econômica de Angola, no período de 1975 até 2013?” fizemos uma regressão não-paramétrica (Regressões de Kernel), com o uso do Bootstrap, num enfoque da economia da defesa, sendo que encontramos significância no período de 1975 até 2001 e não-significância no período de 2002 até 2013, ao analisarmos os efeitos dos gastos militares no crescimento econômico de Angola, aproximando-o a partir de estimações de 32 países da África subsaariana.
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate how investment and military spending for homeland security influenced the economic growth of Angola, from 1975 to 2013. We divided it into three essays, focusing primarily on the economic consequences of armed conflict (intra- Angolan belligerents and external) that happened in the country, especially after independence in 1975. These armed conflicts are housed in sub-Saharan African context, as an extension of the Cold War between the major world powers at the time: U.S.A and USSR. We bring here not only the associations of the participation of three major movements that participated in the liberation struggle against Portuguese colonialism, but also reports at how these three clashed in several armed conflicts, primarily between the MPLA and UNITA, after the defeat of the FNLA in 1975 and the exile of its leader. We also focus on the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale, in a context of "global" conflict, which was attended, besides the two intervening forces (Angola and South Africa), by the United States of America (USA), Cuba and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (ex - USSR). The costs were high, both material and human. To give plea and answer the thesis question "whether the military spending to the country's security is crucial to the development of economic stagnation in Angola, from 1975 until 2013?" We made a non-parametric regression (kernel regressions), using the Bootstrap, and found significance in the period from 1975 to 2001 and not significance from 2002 until 2013, when analyzing the effects of military spending on economic development of Angola, approaching it from estimates of 32 sub-Saharan countries.
El objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar cómo la inversión y el gasto militar para la seguridad nacional influyeron en el crecimiento económico de Angola de 1975 a 2013. Nos dividimos en tres ensayos, centrándose principalmente en las consecuencias económicas de los conflictos armados (beligerantes intra Angola y externo) que sucedió en el país, sobre todo después de la independencia en el año 1975. Los conflictos armados están alojados en contexto africano al sur del Sahara, como una extensión de la guerra fría entre las grandes potencias mundiales de la época: EUA y la URSS. Traemos aquí no sólo las asociaciones de la participación de los tres grandes movimientos que participaron en la lucha de liberación contra el colonialismo portugués, pero también informa de cómo estos tres se enfrentaron en varios conflictos armados, sobre todo entre el MPLA y la UNITA, después de la derrota del FNLA en 1975 y el exilio de su líder. También nos enfocamos en la batalla de Cuito Cuanavale, en un contexto de conflicto "global", al que asistieron, además de las dos fuerzas que intervienen (Angola y Sudáfrica), por los Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU.), Cuba y la antigua Unión de la República Socialista Soviética (ex - URSS). Los costos eran altos, tanto materiales como humanos. Para dar declaración y responder a la pregunta de la tesis "si el gasto militar para la seguridad del país es crucial para el desarrollo de un estancamiento económico en Angola, desde 1975 hasta el año 2013?" Hicimos una regresión no paramétrica (regresiones del kernel), utilizando el Bootstrap, y encontramos significado en el período de 1975 a 2001, y no importancia desde 2002 hasta 2013, cuando se analizan los efectos de los gastos militares en el desarrollo económico de Angola,, acercarse a ella de las estimaciones de 32 países del África subsahariana.
Ral, Noëmi. "La stratégie sécuritaire des États-Unis dans la corne de l'Afrique depuis le 11 septembre 2001." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1268/1/M10527.pdf.
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