Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sécurité régionale'
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Orsariyev, Aryn. "Le modèle géopolitique de la sécurité régionale de l'Asie centrale." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010317.
Full textMarques, Nicolas. "Sécurité sociale ou protections sociales : une analyse économique institutionnelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32011.
Full textBenoit, Pierre. "Organisation des secours dans une entreprise : réflexion sur une application régionale." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11043.
Full textKone, Gninlnanwognan. "La problématique du désarmement et de la sécurité régionale au Congo oriental : processus, enjeux, contraintes, perspectives et résultats." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30021/document.
Full textFor the past twenty years, the Eastern Congo is witnessing a chronic instability and widespread insecurity. They are caused, for a large part, by a variety of national and transnational illegal armed forces. This situation, which has caused directly and indirectly about 15 million civilian casualties in the eastern DRC and is one of the deadliest conflicts after the two world wars. The presence of these militias and their activities are recognized as a threat to security and defense for the Congolese state and the Great Lakes Region and a key reason for disagreement in the GLR and recurring conflicts in eastern DRC. But paradoxically, the disarming these organizations, as per the Lusaka ceasefire agreement, consolidating peace in the region remains highly challenging. How to understand and grasp the business of their disarmament? What levers they have been implemented with a view to dismantling and securing the Eastern Congo? What are the challenges and constraints that underlie this business? The present work aims to study the process of disarmament of these illegal armed movements and of SSR military, as part of the conflict resolution mode in the East and by extension in the GLR
Reka, Armend. "L’énergie dans les Balkans occidentaux et ses enjeux pour la géopolitique régionale." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL042.
Full textThis thesis studies the energy sectors of 4 countries part of the Western Balkans: Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia. These countries are relatively poor in energy resources and their energy infrastructure is outdated and in dire need of modernization. However, in view of the colossal natural gas projects between Western Europe and gas-rich countries in the east, this area is emerging as an important transit area between the Russian Federation, former Soviet Union countries and eventually other countries in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. This reflects the evolving balance of power in the Western Balkans, which is shaped by their quest for energy security and the heritage of previous unresolved conflicts. As a result, geoeconomic competition trumps over cooperation. Moreover, external powers, first and foremost, the European Union and Russia, but also Turkey, the United States and China, intervene to safeguard their interests. Hence, energy is a crucial regional and world issue; and an important factor of power
Langlais, Peter. "Sécurité maritime et droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020079.
Full textAs a new level of regulation, European Union law appears both as the product of and catalyst for territorialisation and regionalisation of the governance of maritime spaces and activities. The human, economicand environmental challenges of maritime safety have made its legal order a privileged scene for the confrontation between the liberal traditions of the maritime sectors and the need for regulation by the public authorities with a view to preventing, limiting and compensating damages of any kind that may result from an accident. The European Court of Justice has thus proposed the terms of an unprecedented reconciliation between the traditional principles governing maritime liability regimes as organised by international law on the one handand the new principles of environmental law on the other hand. As a result of European integration, maritime safety requirements are gradually harmonizing at theregional scale, limiting the legislative competition between EU Member States while acting as flag or port authorities. By coordinating the position of EU States in international forums, the European Union succeeds in orienting international law dealing with maritime safety: it thus contributes to temper external legislativecompetition. Without a positive harmonisation in the field of taxation and social protection of seafarers, the convergence of EU Member States law results from an alignment with international practices. Similarly, whereas the commercial attractiveness of its internal market would allow it, the European legislator has so far made limited use of economic incentives. European integration has also led to the creation of a regional cooperation framework built around a dedicated regulatory Agency, in addition to an organisational and functional rapprochement of the national maritime administrations, resulting in a gradual homogenisation of European administrative practices,particularly in the field of port controls, licensing of recognized organisations acting on behalf of the flag State,mutual recognition of maritime diplomas and certificates, etc. This co-operation gives extended application to European requirements, although their singularity in relation to international law remains strategically limited
Meyer, Angela. "L'intégration régionale et son influence sur la structure, la sécurité et la stabilité d'Etats faibles : l'exemple de quatre Etats centrafricains." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9ke039ep06.
Full textIn Central Africa, the inner stability of weak states, such as Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic and Chad, is threatened by the inability of the states to guarantee their populations’ security. This is due on the one hand to a lacking political willingness as well as to problems of deficiency and mismanagement of means and resources. On the other hand, it is related to the new and enlarged understanding of security, which presents the state with challenges it can hardly deal with alone. As this study tries to show, this weakness and the growing risk of instability could be overcome by an increase in regionalism, i. E. Intensive regional cooperation. In Central Africa however, the revival of regional structures since the nineties has not had a significant effect on the region’s security and stability yet. This is not only due to the focus on economic issues, but most notably to the intergovernmental structure of the main regional organisations, CEMAC and CEEAC. By still giving the state a predominant position in decision-making and control, these regional processes do not seem sufficiently adapted to the current international context and the new concept of security. Thence, they do not address enough issues affecting human security. By analysing the principle theories on regionalism and by referring to other examples of regionalisation in Africa, notably ECOWAS and SADC, this study tries to show that a solution could be found in opening the Central African regional structures to non-state actors, especially from the civil society. In this way, it could be possible to overcome the logic of interstate cooperation and to attain a state of integration
Messe, Mbega Christian. "La Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) : quelle politique de sécurité pour une organisation régionale à vocation économique ?" Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML016/document.
Full textI assesses the strengths and weaknesses of ECCAS in building regional security in Central Africa through a SWOT (including internal and external factors that promote an entity and those that threaten it). Thus, this thesis shows that ECCAS, whose founding objectives were not safe in the classical sense of the term, was finally able to better develop its defense capabilities as its economic integration due to the low complementarity of national economies which up. However, I emphasize the limits of this security dimension: the lack of logistical and financial resources and the set of external powers. These shortcomings tend to discredit the capacities of ECCAS safety and result in the recovery of its responsibilities by other local regional organizations such as CEMAC
Morissette-Desjardins, Amélie. "Soutenir la concertation dans l'élaboration d'interventions intersectorielles favorables à la sécurité alimentaire et adaptées à la Municipalité régionale de comté de Portneuf." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30949.
Full textThe food environment is complex, multidimensional and intersectoral, as it involves several actors from the same region who have different responsibilities. Consulting these stakeholders is recommended to facilitate the development of intersectoral interventions in order to better consider all dimensions of the food environment. In that respect, the local actors of the Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Portneuf, who have difficulty responding to the increase in requests for food aid despite a desire to do so on a regional level, are planning to initiate a process of intersectoral consultation in food security. That way, they hope to see future interventions by various community organizations to promote food security, but prevent their implementation without complementarity or guidelines.Through research-action, this thesis tries to meet this need thanks to two objectives aiming to support the consultation approach considered by the RCM of Portneuf, that is (1)tocharacterize the food environmentby the identification of potential food deserts in orderto identify priority intervention areas that take territorial particularities into consideration, and (2) to identify interventions that will likely promote food security in the RCM of Portneuf using concept mapping and to reveal consensual areas where local actors’ knowledge and priorities converge.The methods used in this research are concertation tools that have enabled local stakeholders to take ownership of the results of this two-part study and to develop a common vision oftheir food environment. To sum up, this dissertation supports the concerted approach envisioned for the RCM of Portneuf and stimulates the creation of an Intersectoral Action Plan for Food Security specific to the Portneuf region. In this regard, the junction between the priority intervention areas and the consensual areas of intervention identified in this brief could serve as a solid basis for the development of this action plan.
Otsa'a, Nguema Daenis. "Sécurité et sûreté maritimes dans le golfe de Guinée : Diagnostic et évaluation des politiques pour un apport conceptuel et pratique de la sécurisation maritime régionale." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3004.
Full textOne limited to the simple role of communication channel used to search for new unknown lands with the use of resources, maritime spaces and their related activities have gradually evolved into a controversial topic today. The issues have also presented threats and risks of vulnerability, associated with binomial “safety-security”, in a field where economies and populations have a strong maritime emphasis. This paradoxical maritime trend has not been overlooked by the coastal State of the Gulf of Guinea (the Ivory Coast to Angola), which were already involved at the beginning of the negotiations which led to what was called, the “Yalta sea” (in reference to the Montego Bay Convention of December 10, 1982). Today, they are trying to find solutions to the phenomenon of maritime insecurity through more community responses rather than individual ones. As part of global geography of strategic regions, they cannot and must not remain on the sidelines of the acceleration of security and logistics, which require different levels of communal sharing of control and prevention methods. But, while it is no longer time for the prevarication of communal sharing efforts, it is time for the assessment of policies used up to now, which have, to some degree, shown to be limited. In fact, regional maritime insecurity is not potentially or spatially manifested in the same way, according to the States or regions considered. Yet, despite a disparate consideration of the regional maritime issues, maritime security challenges to be addressed are virtually the same and should guide an in depth study of conceptualization and practical security. This disparity of ideological, structural, material, and technical realities of the manifestation of threat and risk is not adequately addressed in regional cooperation, which by its excessive ambitions and homogenization of the maritime context, hardly takes into account the necessity of an evolutive multi-scalar dimension, based on local and national realities. Within the disciplinary field of geopolitics and maritime geostrategies, and more specifically, the issues of maritime security, this study, which considers national and regional factors of maritime vulnerability through the “Safety-Security” binomial, offers a contribution to the question, “why provide security”, but also “how to provide security”, across four strategies: the diagnosis of maritime vulnerability, the evaluation of responses of States to address it, the spatial heterogeneity of this vulnerability, and to propose multiscalar reforms in light of maritime security regionalism
Alzaabi, Ali. "Le Conseil de Coopération du Golfe (CCG), Instrument de la Politique de Sécurité dans la Région du Golfe : Enjeux et Risques (1981-2008)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040025.
Full textThe Gulf region has three major powers: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and smaller countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE and the Sultanate of Oman. The Gulf region, greater concentration of oil reserves in the world, represents not only a strategic reserve for the refining and oil supplies, but also an area of long-term extraction of natural gas.Economic problems and lack of freedoms are raised the question of the legitimacy of leaders of countries in the Gulf region. Institutional bodies, like parliaments, faced difficulties in exercising their duties and see their limited discretion by the executive. Looking for a simple but realistic, given the current system should focus on identifying challenges to ensure regional stability, taking account, of course, the international context
Etsila, Judicaël. "Le journal régional et l'"holocauste routier" : l'exemple du Libre Poitou et Centre Presse (1955-2004)." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Etsila-Judicael/2009-Etsila-Judicael-These.pdf.
Full textThe study focuses on the fluctuation of levels of tolerance regarding road insecurity within the period of fifty years. Firstly, the study looks at the way road accident peddles and produces social representations. Various procedures then are explored to underline the drama : spectacular pictures, expressions of the tragic, shocking headlines that come to attract the reader's attention by provoking amazement and deep emotions. Secondly, the study shows how in fifty years the French society has shifted from the fatalistic view that the accident was the doomed fate of traffic to the certainty that problems of road safety can be overcome by preventive and punitive actions. Finally, road security appears as an "absolute social phenomenon". Any accident brutally unveils living conditions as well as social and professional inequalities between road users. It is also an indicator of social values. Furthermore, road security has become an instrument of political pressure for a few years now
Diallo, Abdoul Salam. "La sécurisation alimentaire des pays d'Afrique sub-saharienne par la maîtrise de l'instabilité des prix des matières premières agricoles : une perspective économétrique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10027.
Full textIn our thesis, we assume that African Sub-saharan countries' food security status can be enhanced through a better management of agricultural commodities prices instability, which constitutes the basic food basket of local populations. To this aim, we initially review the dynamics of agricultural markets and the role played by “prices” in this mechanism as well as the existing linkages between unstable price trends and the notion of food insecurity. Focus is then directed to the relationship between “food insecurity” and the regulation of the agricultural sector, in particular within international trade theory frameworks.Finally, we proceed to the assessment of “food insecurity” through the empirical analysis of the instabilities affecting food prices of the region, and also that of price transmission and linkages within and between countries. We then highlight prices instabilities at individual (country) level, as well as the linkage of these prices (therefore of their unstable components) between the various constituents of the basic food basket of a given country, or that of neighboring countries.All along our thesis, food insecurity resilience measures for these countries are suggested. These measures are believed to potentially serve as initial steps in the establishment of national and regional agricultural policies aiming at attaining/safeguarding food security in African sub-Saharan countries
Bebada, Mègnon Didier Ayimonnou. "L'ONU ET LE DEFI POLITIQUE DE LA MONDIALISATION. Critique de la doctrine de la gouvernance globale et l'option des grands ensembles régionaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3008/document.
Full textIn the face of the globalization that has profoundly changed the international environment, the United Nations, whose project is fairly globalist on the substance (lasting peace for all mankind), has remained in reaction. It seems to have become aware of the stakes of economic globalization only on the eve of the twenty-first century, setting the lines of its refoundation at the Summits (2000 and 2005) of entry into the Third Millennium. Despite the initiatives, the political progress of the UN remains insignificant. In the absence of a deep political reform, ideology of "Global Governance" and its neo-liberal slogan of "less politics, less state" imposed itself. But the political challenge of globalization is declining in sovereignty of states, weakening of democracy, blurring of identities (citizenship), globalization of insecurity, ecological peril, etc. Faced with these challenges, UN universalism and multilateralism are failing; the overcoming of the nation-state seems as inevitable as the advent of a world state is impossible. The regional perspective thus seems more relevant to address global threats. This thesis defends the hypothesis of a reconfiguration of the world into an oligopolar system of large regional ensembles led by community institutions (EU, AU). It is a logic of "great spaces", inspired by major historical amphictyonic projects (Perpetual Peace Projects), and postulates new regional security communities, articulated by a refounded UN. This refoundation is thought around international law backed by a new global ethic. The future of the United Nations and the international system is less influenced by "global governance" inspired by the market than by the construction of major regional poles in coordination with economic integration
Maiga, Abdoulaye. "La crédibilité de la Commaunauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) dans sa quête de la paix et de la sécurité." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30057.
Full textThe Economic Community of West Africa is an international organization that was involved very early in the peacekeeping and security. It undertook military intervention in some West African states, like Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea Bissau. In 1999, ECOWAS has made a strategic shift in security. This was manifested by the adoption of a new security mechanism to place the human at the heart of security concerns. The new objective of ECOWAS is to achieve human security for the citizens of West Africa. It turns out that the realization of human security requires economic and financial means, or the West African states are among the poorest in the world. Also, since the adoption of the new security mechanism, ECOWAS meeting more and more difficult to achieve the noble principles and recommendations contained in its legal system, in a context of increased of contemporary military and non military threats. After over 30 years of experience in the integration process, is there not now clear that the success of the organization in peacekeeping and security is closely linked to progress in the economic integration? The weak economic outlook states of ECOWAS calls does not change the strategy of integration of ECOWAS? The adoptions of federalism across West Africa cannot it be a way of salvation for ECOWAS?
Ben-Ammar, Abdelkhader. "Les puissances régionales du Proche-Orient." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21047.
Full textOwing to it historical, cultural and religious legacy, near east is characterised by an impregnable complexity. The area's resources of a raw materials magnify this feature, which are subject of all industrials powers's covetousness. Some countries from the considered zone play a basic part, on account, on the one hand, of their intrinsic power (connect to their economic, demographic and military importance), on the other hand, owing to their actions which are developing toward their near or far environment (like Africa, Central Asia or Caucasus). This countries are seven of them : it concerns Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Irak, Iran, Israel, Syria and lastly Turkey. In this respect, near east differs from other world areas, where we enumerate usually one or two regionals powers. Foreign policies of those countries are more often than not antagonistic, and account for the conflicts which plunge this zone into a boodbath. The ethnic, religious overlap, and consequences of the colonial split, stem from ottoman dominion dismemberment (notably with regard to borders and the creation of Israel State) complicate inclusive settlement possibilities of regional issues, Moreover that foreign interference are ceaseless and seldom justified by near east nations self interest
Teixeira, Anderson Matos. "Cooperação no desenvolvimento de aeronaves militares a partir das estruturas regionais : lições do F-104 e Tornado para a Unasul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149522.
Full textNo cenário internacional do pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, surgiram vários esforços de cooperação e integração regional em todo o mundo. Alguns tiveram maior avanço na integração, como a União Europeia. Mas o ponto é que, os esforços que mais avançaram possuíam uma agenda de segurança e cooperação em defesa, além do econômico. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, compreender como os arranjos cooperativos em material aeronáutico de defesa podem influenciar na integração regional e extrair inferências aplicáveis à Unasul. Logo, partimos da pergunta de, como diferentes modelos de cooperação no desenvolvimento de aeronaves militares impactam no processo de integração regional? Pensamos que a cooperação no desenvolvimento de material aeronáutico militar, a partir da criação de uma cadeia produtiva regionalizada tem a capacidade de contribuir para uma melhor relação entre os membros da UNASUL, superando os entraves e visões distorcidas que dificultam o processo de integração regional. Para isso, a pesquisa se estruturará entorno da Política Comparada, apoiado por outras correntes teóricas das Relações Internacionais. No caso, iremos analisar as lições que podem ser aprendidas com o desenvolvimento dos programas europeus, com os caças F-104 e Panavia Tornado. Está tese se estruturará em quatro capítulos: inicialmente sobre a questão da cooperação em defesa, tanto pelo aspecto conceitual e teórico, como pelo viés pratico, com o debate sobre regionalismo. Seguindo, na parte dois, com uma analise da indústria aeronáutica e do seu reflexo como poder no sistema internacional. Na parte três, analiso os programas F-104 e Tornado e como contribuíram no processo de integração na Europa. Finalizando, na parte quatro, debato como as lições dos programas analisados no capitulo 3, podem ser aplicados no caso da Unasul, ressaltando a interferência de potencias externas e as visões sobre cooperação entre os membros do bloco.
Post international scenario Second World War, there were several efforts of regional cooperation and integration in the world. Some had major advance in integration, such as the European Union. But the point is that it advanced more efforts had a security agenda and cooperation in defense, and economic. This research aims to understand how cooperative arrangements in defense aircraft equipment can influence regional integration and draw inferences applicable to Unasur. So we start with the question of how different models of cooperation in the development of military aircraft impact on the regional integration process? We believe that cooperation in the development of military aircraft equipment, from the creation of a regionalized supply chain has the ability to contribute to a better relationship between the members of UNASUR, overcoming barriers and distorted views that hinder the process of regional integration. For this, the research will be structured around the Comparative Politics, supported by other current theories of International Relations. In this case, we will examine the lessons that can be learned from the development of European programs, with the F-104 and Panavia Tornado fighters. You thesis will be structured in four chapters: first on the issue of defense cooperation, both the conceptual and theoretical aspect, as the practical bias, with the debate on regionalism. Following, in part two, with an analysis of the aviation industry and its reflection as power in the international system. In part three, we analyze the F-104 programs and Tornado and contributed to the process of integration in Europe. Finally, in part four, I discuss how the lessons of the programs analyzed in Chapter 3, can be applied in the case of UNASUR, emphasizing the interference of external powers and views on cooperation between members of the bloc.
Chardin, Frédéric. "La Délégation par l'ONU des opérations coercitives militaires à des organisations régionales." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN20015.
Full textPageot, Caroline. "L'élargissement de l'Otan : étude de cas de la Croatie (1991 à nos jours)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24213/24213.pdf.
Full textThis master’s thesis focuses on NATO enlargement by a case study of Croatia candidature. The author examines how NATO’s enlargement to Croatia is representative of the organization transformation and of the new role taken currently in the post-Yalta system. Starting from this initial questioning, the author analyzes the historical meaning of this politico-ideological transformation of North Atlantic Alliance and by centering this study on a concrete case, she examines the adequacy between the great principles of enlargement and their real historical application. The author analyzes finally the significance of the political and military conditionalities imposed on Croatia for its adhesion. Ultimately, she evaluates its candidature and shows how this prospect for enlargement is an integral part of a NATO strategy for the Balkans. This research falls within the field of History of International Relations. Micro-History and Immediate History have inspired the methodological choices and historical approach developed here.
Bangoura, Dominique. "Le facteur militaire et la sécurité en Afrique : un problème national, régional et international, de 1960 à nos jours." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30021.
Full textAfrica's political and military behaviour expresses in very numerous and different ways. Considering its security, ten, means to study it on a national, regional, i. E. Intracontinental african level, and since there is no national self sufficiency, on a international or extracontinental level. Actually, security in africa is based on a ternary political and military problematical question, that implies a different degree study, a measuring of proitious and unpropitious factors with their interferences as far as peace and stability are concerned. As the main element fo national security, there stands the army. Each of the african states then, develops a strong anmy of its own so as to assume its country defence, its state stability and the individual and real estate security. As the main element of regional security, there stands the african unity organisation in which the african states agree upon thaking legal and political security measures, and in case of need, upon creating an occasional military force fitting to a very particular predicament. Beside this panafrican orghanisation, the african states want to promote regional and under-regional understanding by means of conducting negociations better than resorting to force, to emphasize neighbourhood instead of nursing struggles and lkeardership and expansionism problems. As the main element of international security, the african states refer the matter to each of the western? Easterne, northern or southern part of the world, so as to prepare their military officers and to buy their war make sure they will be helped in case of emlergency. They military relationships are based upon deep historical links, new political affinities or solidarity towards the whird-wold. They are expecting to be able to fill in the present gaps narrowing their own defence and stability abilities. Unfortunatily
Baduel, Julia. "La territorialisation de la régulation des finances sociales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32012.
Full textLe, Gouriellec Sonia. "Régionalisme, régionalisation des conflits et construction de l'État : l'équation sécuritaire de la Corne de l’Afrique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05D015.
Full textIn spite of its analytical complexity, the security context in the Horn of Africa may be submitted to the Political Science’ tools in order to better understand the complex interactions between the various actors. The present research thus seeks to analyze the mechanism underlying what appears as an unsolvable security problem: is regionalism a prerequisite for the emergence of a regional peace? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand the role of regional security processes (regionalization and regionalism) in the state formation and state building of the Horn of Africa’s states. This study endeavours to explore the interactions between regionalism, which are inherent in the creation of an African peace and security architecture, the regionalization of conflict, which seems at work in this area, and construction/formation state process. The relationship between the three terms of this equation depends on the context and interactions between the various entities that make up the region (states, non-state actors that stand against them or negotiate with the states and external actors). This study thus reveals two kinds of dynamics at play: an endogenous process and an exogenous one. In the first one conflicts are involved in the formation of the state and are largely internal conflicts. It demonstrates that there is a crisis in the state States dominate the regionalism process which tries to regulate regional conflit with relative success because regional organizations seek to strengthen or rebuild the state according to the idealized criteria of the Weberian State seen as a source of instability. The exogenous process is characterized by the role of regional conflicts whose very existence serves to justify the development and the strenghtening of regionalism thus perceived as the most appropriate answer to those security problems. States are the source of conflicts because they are perceived as weak. Regionalism would strengthen states and reduce the inclination of states to make war
Denève, Olivier. "La position française relative à la coopération entre l'ONU et les organisations internationales régionales dans le domaine du maintien de la paix." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010265.
Full textNativité, Jean-François. "Culture d'ordre et identités régionales : la gendarmerie dans les départements pyrénéens (1939-1944)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30055.
Full textAppearing among the first studies of the new historical building site of the national Gendarmerie, this work endeavours to revisit under the ignored angle of the frontier Pyrenean departments of Spain, the delicate question of the role of the police force lasting the Second World War. The central interrogation of this PhD rests on the physical and psychic upheavals of a police force with military statute subjected to various destabilizing factors. While taking on the one hand as bases initial the specific structure, the legal framework, the missions and the state of mind which constitute the identity of the gendarmerie of pre-war period and on the other hand, compost political, economic and psychological Pyrenean, the objective is to cross the endogenous and exogenic data related to the reorganization of the weapon of the Forties, to obtain a behavioural typology able to answer three types of interrogations. First of all, how the gendarmes stationed in the Pyrenees did live the countryside of 1939-1940 and which was their contribution to the effort of war ? Then, for the period of the Occupation born of the defeat of France, whereas the near total of Pyrenean space remains in free zone until November 1942, up to what point were the local gendarmes concerned with the ordinances taken by the winners ? Which was the resultant of the transformations wanted by the mode of Vichy and of the new tasks imposed to the gendarmes in post office at the Spanish border ? Lastly, in an area which was presented a long time in the form of a territory being even released to him of the yoke of the occupant, how did the gendarmes pass the course of the Release and the re-establishment of republican legality ? To the favour of the welding symbolic system of the year 1939, the first part of this reflexion attempts to point out and define the place of the gendarmerie as military body in charge of the maintenance of law and order, in the context Pyrenean socio-history. This assessment of competences wants to be before just like a feature of union connecting the chain of times and being used of point of inking for comprehension of the posterior metamorphoses. The second part of this work is it reserved for the "ways of the abyss", this event-driven trajectory, which fall of Barcelona to the total occupation of the Pyrenees in November 1942, subjected the local gendarmerie of the lawful, functional and psychological distortion with which it was not prepared. Finally to finish, the last part of this study is devoted to the period going of the winter 1942 at the end of November 1944, which marks the resurgence and the found independence of the national Gendarmerie
N'Diaye, Mame Gnilane. "Les recherches régionales pour une solution aux conflits en Afrique de l'Ouest." Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO33033.
Full textThe events which shake one and the other the countries of West Africa challenge us. The African west corroded by its regional abscesses presents an extremely complex situation which led many States as well as African organizations to take initiatives in order to find an exit with these problems. In spite of these initiatives, weaknesses of nature's structural, logistic, operational, financial however continue to block the development as of their capacities to face the conflicts in the area; added with this report the absence of a standing army force, from where need for the installation of a new strategy to come to end from the conflicts. The transfer of the forces armed to a level higher than that with national spaces is essential because the conflicts have today a tendency to a propagation and a diffusion out of the national borders. This prospect of total nature to regulate the conflicts is the only viable step if, West Africa wants to leave this swirl of insecurity in which it is. This armed force finds already its bases in the total concept of a mechanism of prevention and management of the conflicts and, its legitimacy within the regional and international organizations. Its creation is possible, but only if the African western countries manage to set up a model of organization and operation adapted while profiting from the co-operation of the Western countries
Plasai, Virachai. "Culture politique et environnement régional : la politique thai͏̈landaise vis à vis de l'URSS, 1975-1985." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010314.
Full textNzadimana, Me-Christine. "Opérations de maintien de paix et interventions humanitaires en Centrafrique 1990-2015." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2160.
Full textThe Central African Republic (CAR) or Centrafrique, as many black African countries, begins the establishment of a democratic regime in 1990. It organized multi-party elections which the first democratically elected president is Ange Félix Patassé. The cap of the entrance to democratic regime seems past successfully. But the old methods resurface, causing protests. In 1996 bursts a politico-military crisis punctuated by three mutinies, then a succession of putsch. It reached its peaks in 2013-2015 with a conflict between two communities. It is following these events that are made the deployment in 1997, of a peacemilitary force according to the “agreements of Bangui” in 1997: The Inter-African of monitoring the agreements of Bangui (MISAB). It marks the beginning of a series of operations intended to maintain or to restore the peace. It goes along with humanitarian interventions where the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Doctors without borders (MSF) play a major role. This research analyzes these actions from 1990 to 2015. It studies in the first part the role of the African actors in the resolution of this conflict and in the second part the participation of the international actors
Justafort, Jean-Claude. "La crise d'Haïti de 1991 à 1994 : De la crise de la démocratie à la menace contre la paix et la sécurité régionales de la Caraïbe." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4038.
Full textThis thesis shows how the democratic transition sought by the Haitian people after 7 February 1986 failed, while all the Latin American countries that committed themselves to the path to democratisation in the same period succeeded. It also shows how the coup d’état of 30 September 1991, seen as a “crisis of democracy and human rights in Haiti”, was the subject of particular treatment by the OAS and the UN. The two international organisations agreed to co-operate with a view to resolving the internal crisis of democratisation in a peaceful way, following autonomous management by the OAS that had yielded scarce results. The final aim is to show how this internal political crisis transformed itself, through the situation that it engendered, into a strategic issue, and at the same time how the Security Council came to see it as a threat to international peace and security in the Caribbean. Thus was it that the flood of Haitian refugees towards neighbouring states and the violation of the Governors Island Agreement were considered a threat to the peace and security of the Caribbean region. In response to this situation, the Security Council authorised a multilateral force to undertake coercive action with a view to restoring constitutional order and re-establishing a climate of security and stability. Today, Haiti is still under the security supervision of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
Contessi, Nicola. "Mackinder reloaded : the emerging role of international security institutions in the global scramble for Central Asia." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29153/29153.pdf.
Full textNumerous regional security organizations have emerged in Central Asia since the end of the Cold War under the leadership of one entrepreneur nation. Whereas multiple security externalities stem from the region, if institutions are really in place to reduce the transaction costs arising from the need to negotiate agreements that guide interstate cooperation, wouldn’t one be sufficient? If, on the other hand, institutions are irrelevant as neorealists argue, why such proliferation of acronyms? Starting from the insight that “it is cooperation that makes the exercise of power possible” (Moe 2003: 12), this thesis assumes that since the end of the Cold War, major powers have been prone to using multilateral intergovernmental institutions as a means of wielding influence in the region. It is suggested that multilateral institutions represent a strategic option that alternative policy instruments, such as bilateral agreements, do not match. Their specific value is that they generate opportunities to legitimize claims, form coalitions, and crystallize power relations. This is quite different from saying that institutions are merely a reflection of existing power relations, as much realist literature does. Rather it suggests that institutions have a role in creating and shaping power relations. But it also differs from the transaction costs approach which neglects the power dimension. The research develops a framework to explain the respective agency of China in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Russia in the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and the United States in NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Partnership. This framework advances two hypotheses which postulate that institutions represent the intervening variable for entrepreneur states to: 1) foster control over the associated member states; and 2) Deny attempts to exercise control to rival institutional projects or major powers. Empirical evidence lends significant support to the mechanism described by the first hypothesis, but is insufficient in the case of the second one, though institutional outputs are consistent with the expectations of the hypothesis.
Ali, Gazibo Kadidiatou. "La régionalisation de la paix et de la sécurité internationales post-guerre froide dans le cadre de la CEDEAO : la construction d’un ordre sécuritaire régional, entre autonomie et interdépendance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010297/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing the nature and scope of attempts at institutionalizing a regional security regime within the framework of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The end of the Cold War and globalization led to changes in the nature of conflicts and modified the parameters for the UN and the Great Powers in the area of peacekeeping. The multiplication of internal and regional conflicts led to the emergence of new security actors who put an end to the monopolization of peacekeeping and security operations by the traditional actors like the UN. From 1990 on, a progressive "securization" of non-military stakes (political, social, economic and environmental issues) took place in West Africa under the auspices of CEDEAO, with the goal of creating a security community. Based on empirical evidence of CEDEAO interventions in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau among others, we analyze why and how the regionalization of peace operations produced transformations, notably the crafting of an integration policy and the reformulation of security stakes in the region. Such reflection leads us to comprehend CEDEAO not only as a region, but also as a security actor in the field of International Relations. Drawing upon diverse approaches (functionalist, constructivist, and realist) we not only explore the regional security regime construction process in an empirical and institutional perspective, but also analyze difficulties, lessons learned and actor strategies in the field of peace operations. Since peacekeeping is traditionally an open field with many competing actors, we also investigate into the coordination of their interventions
Yáñez, Andrade Juan Carlos. "L’OIT et l’Amérique du Sud (1919-1949) : la construction d’un laboratoire social régional." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0153.
Full textThis research is proposed as a central objective the study of the formation of a regional social laboratory in South America, in the context of the internationalization of social produced by the multiplication of the conference, the networking of progressive intellectuals and especially the creation of the first international organizations. The idea is to study the circulation, relationships, transfers and transnational action programs incubated slowly in the early years of the twentieth century around a new institution which has universal social values as a mark of origin: International Labour Organization (ILO). South America is an important region for the study of such experiences. The organization of the thesis is divided into two parts: a) The first part includes the problem of the internationalization of the social, where the importance of South America in the consolidation of the ILO beyond Europe. B) The second part, comprising the last three chapters, analyzes the possibilities that South America offers expertise to the development of the BIT
Chabbi, Mourad. "Surpuissance et sous-complexe régional : application pour une étude sécuritaire de l'Iran au sein du Golfe depuis 1989." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30062.
Full textThis thesis deals with the evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s behavior in its region, this behavior being considered as the main international problem of the last decade. This research will focus on the Gulf Region and more precisely on the interaction existing between Iran and its immediate environment. The idea behind this work is that Iran’s political and safety evolution has been influenced by the issues arising from the intrusion of a global player. More precisely, this work intends to highlight a strong correlation between, on the one hand, theories coming from the analysis of safety aspects and, on the other hand, the evolution of Iran’s positioning within the new structure of the international system
Ridja, Mali Ange. "Réappropriation des partenariats public-privé et de la coopération transfrontalière dans les pays d'Afrique francophone : essai sur la région des Grands Lacs." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0021.
Full textThe end of the Second World War, the cold war, the peaceful cohabitation, the movements of independences, the bipolar end of the world, the multi-form and successive crises (cultural, social economic and financial), here is so many events which changed the designs and the vision of the world. The private initiative is again approved by a large majority on the world scene. Indeed, the meeting enters the know-how (financial and technical) of the private sector and the ambitious but very limited public sector, symbolized in the initials "PPP", becomes the winning formula.New spaces make their appearance encouraged by the wind of the regional and economic integration. The movement of decentralization propelling that of the cross-border cooperation, we assist more and more a slow but very promising reconfiguration of the cross-border dynamics almost everywhere in the world. Certain regions offer very interesting perspectives, as well from the point of view of the cross-border cooperation as the PPP. It is in particular the case of the French-speaking region of Africa of Great Lakes. Encircle the PPP and the cross-border cooperation, to check their complementarities and finally to follow the mechanism of reappropriation of these two concepts in the French-speaking region of Africa of Great Lakes: here are the main objectives that assigned this research work
Gasimova, Esmira. "La politique étrangère de l'Azerbaïdjan entre grandes puissances et puissances régionales (1993-2003)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG014.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Azerbaijan policy between great powers and regional powers. Since its independence in 1991 the country of South Caucasus asserted its singularity. It sometimes confronts, sometimes cooperates with its neighbors. The key question is, therefore, how Azerbaijan can justify and possibly strengthen its presence on the international stage as it stands at the heart of great geopolitical and economic issues. Because of its location it is the center of rivalries between powers such as Russia, Iran and Turkey or the United States and the European Union. The country is compelled to a balanced foreign policy not to lose the support of either western or eastern partners. Baku also attempts to use the exploitation of Caspian oil in order resolve the crucial issue of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh
Etumba, Longila Boyengo Tristan. "Les opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations unies en République Démocratique du Congo : de la MONUC à la MONUSCO, un champ expérimentation du maintien de la paix ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0015.
Full textThe presence of the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping forces on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), from 1960 to 1964, and then later from 1999 to date, witnesses not onlythe political and security crises that shake the country but also the atrocities raging in it. As a consequence, there has beensuch a human and humanitarian toll that particularly caused the death of more than five million Congolese people and the worst crimes ever committed against humanity since the end of the Second World War.From 1960 to 2020, how have peacekeeping operations (PKOs) improved in relation to outcomes on the field? How did the interventions and actions of the UN in the DRC get the international community to envisage a doctrinal and operational transformation of such external interventions?The atypical case of UN interventions and presence in the DRC has forced the UN to many reviews of its intervention and peacekeeping doctrines as supported by article 39 of its charter.Having known almost all types of intervention, the DRC can be considered as the best case of testing groundof UN PKOs - their foundations, evolution and future through a necessary transformation.The use of a transversal methodology involving historical, legal and sociological methods leads to the apprehension and complex understanding of PKOs and is the basis for considering a modeling and a new doctrinal approach.The study of these PKOs with the substantial resources deployed in the DRC by the United Nations - up to nearly 20,000 peacekeepers and officials stationed and more than fifteen billion US dollars spent - shows, in view of the results on the field, the limits of the means policy.The study of PKOs in the DRC leads, by questioning the effectiveness of these interventions in view of the persistence of deadly and still unresolved conflictsby the international community, to revisit the forms of intervention, to initiate a new doctrine of PKOs, “the fourth generation PKOs”.This is one of the objectives of this thesis besides that of building a Congolese memory on peacekeeping operations in the DRC
Faivre, Pierre-Marie. "Le traitement des questions de sécurité dans la région sahélo-saharienne : étude des approches malienne, nigérienne et burkinabè." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB171.
Full textThe repetition of political and security crisis in the Sahel region highlights the multiplicity of factors of instability. The State being at the center of our study, we will observe that, despite exogenous threats, its fragility is mostly the result of endogenous decisions. This said, our work will analyze policies implemented by the authorities of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, the regional frame in which they place themselves and the mutual dependence they contracted. To counter the weakness of these countries, the regional approach has benne praised. Its effectiveness must, however, face the defense of rulers' and States' particular interests
Hamonic, Anne. "Les relations entre l'Union européenne et l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le domaine de la gestion des crises : réflexion sur la contribution de l'Union européenne à l'évolution du droit des relations entre l'ONU et les organisations régionales dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G013.
Full textWithin the framework of the European Union’s external action, the UN holds a privileged position, which contributes powerfully to a rapprochement between the two organizations. In recent years, there has been an observable development in relations between the EU and the UN in the field of crisis management, and this has given a new and original example to the relations between the UN and regional organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security. However, despite the United Nations Charter providing some guidelines in the matter, there have in actual practice been important developments, in particular since the end of the Cold War. This present research sets forth a legal analysis of EU/UN relations, and appreciates how, and to what extent, the EU, through these relations, contributes to the evolution of Law as governing relations between the UN and regional organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security. Through the twofold prism of institutional and operational dimensions, this study highlights an EU contribution which, despite being variable, is nonetheless quite significant. Indeed, the Institutionalization of relations between the EU and the UN, be it on multilateral or a bilateral level, constitutes a source of stimulating innovation. Concomitantly, their operational cooperation is conducive to a renewal of the functional and geographical sharing out of rôles between the UN and regional organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security
Bahou, Mohamed El Amine. "Les franchises africaines d'Al Qaida." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020073.
Full textAl Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb and Al-Shabaab perfectly illustrate the functioning of contemporary jihad. Born into a context of civil war, from the fall out of national jihadist movements, these two groups are, today, the only ones in Africa whose allegiance have been acknowledged by Al Qaida. Seizing on domestic political and economic struggles, the two groups rose to prominence through social fault lines and equality claims. Facing security and political stalemates, they made allegiance to Al Qaida hoping that international recognition would provide them with the wherewithal and recruits they lacked. The allegiances were opportunistically acknowledged by Al Qaida when Bin Laden's organization was severely weakened by years of war on terror.On the other side of the game, due to a set of divergent ideologies and particular interests, States and international organizations are deploying cacophonous strategies, that not only have poor effect on the ground, but also fit well with the jihadist propaganda. The tale of a foretold fiasco
Zaharia, Dragoş. "La Roumanie acteur européen. : l'adaptation de sa politique étrangère nationale à la PESC/PESDC et la promotion des intérêts régionaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG008.
Full textThe profound changes occurred in the last decade of the twentieth century - the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and its consequences, the institutional reconfiguration of the European continent - urged Romania and other former communist countries to review their positions on the international stage, while gaining the opportunity to choose their own path of development. One of the main levers Romania had to respond to this challenge was its foreign policy. But first of all its foreign policy should be reviewed and adapted to new international realities. Our research is an analysis of nearly 25 years of Romanian foreign policy aiming to observe its evolution and to understand the international behavior of Romania after the accession to the European Union. The concept of Europeanization was a useful tool for establishing the direction of the evolution of the Romanian foreign policy
Zongo, Windata Miki. "La sécurité comme enjeu de politique étrangère en Afrique : analyse par les médiations du Burkina Faso dans les crises politiques en Afrique de l'Ouest : 1991-2012." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB198.
Full textAs concept of International Relations justifying foreign action of States, the national interest is a notion always present in the governement leaders speeches about foreign affairs. But its meaning and its purpose are subtle and diversified as the introduction of Multilateralism and its objective of international security show. Despite the emergence of legitimate structures, the State gets involved for international security in foreign actions through discourse and implication. This implication, far from a discourse of symbolic objectives, takes part in an accurately orchestrated strategy in the name of national interest. Thus, on the African continent, we attend the emergence of foreign policies and national diplomatic actions dedicated to international security. This analysis demonstrates by the constructivist approach that the practices of mediation by Burkina Faso in West Africa participates in this trend - in contrast to the disseminated discourse of security in this subregion
Bitié, Abdoul Kader. "L'approche contemporaine de la prévention des conflits en Afrique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0061/document.
Full textLe continent africain est particulièrement marqué depuis la fin de la guerre froide par unerésurgence des conflits armés internes. L’incapacité de l’organisation de l’Unité Africaine, principaleorganisation continentale depuis sa création en 1963, à prévenir de tels conflits, a contraint ses Etatsmembres à restructurer l’ensemble du dispositif institutionnel, normatif et opérationnel du systèmerégional de maintien de la paix et de la sécurité. La création de l’Union Africaine et le développementde son architecture de paix et de sécurité au début des années 2000, a auguré d’une évolution du cadreinstitutionnel continental de la prévention des conflits armés. En instituant la démocratie et la paixcomme des préalables à son objectif principal de développement, l’Union Africaine, dans unearticulation délicate mais ambitieuse avec les communautés économiques régionales, s’est approprié laprévention régionale des conflits armés, par une approche contemporaine qui repose surl’identification des diverses causes de ces conflits, afin de développer des moyens spécifiques pour lesprévenir
Guillot, Fabien. "Les asymétries frontalières : essai de géographie sociale et politique sur les pratiques sociales et les rapports sociaux : Les cas États-Unis Mexique, Espagne Maroc, Israël Liban Palestine." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460936.
Full textProvençal, Josée. "Intégration régionale et sécurité énergétique : le Brésil dans l'espace Sud-américain." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1631/1/M10664.pdf.
Full textOsuna, Victoria Miriam. "De l'intégration économique à l'intégration sécuritaire en Amérique du Nord : une perspective mexicaine." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17429.
Full textGariépy, Mathieu. "Crises régionales et développement institutionnel : le cas de l'ASEAN." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17443.
Full textCollin-Desrosiers, Hugo. "Une urbanisation de corps et d'esprit : sécurité, civilisation et rendement dans une favela de Rio de Janeiro." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4654.
Full textThis thesis addresses the history, modus operandi and effects of what is currently called in Brazil ‘’integrative urbanization’’, a type of state intervention in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas (slums). It is the most recent attempt to solve the already ancient ‘’problem of the favela’’. Its main aims are technical and legal upgrading: new public infrastructure, consolidation of existing buildings, granting of land rights for dwellers, and enforcement of public regulations. It is officially presented as an asserted way of ending the exclusion that plagued favela-dwellers for the last century. The analysis is based on an ethnographical account of the PAC-Favelas, a state-funded program launched in 2008 and implemented in the Rocinha favela. It is argued that integrative urbanization constitutes a form of security apparatus, thus aimed at governing the conduct of the favela population. Its main objectives are the formalization of practices, enhancement of resources circulation, alteration of residents’ perceptions, limitation of the favela’s risks and excesses, and planning of future interventions. Practically speaking, it means for the State to proceed in a legitimated and indirect selection (following technical, legal or economic logics) of the now-acceptable individuals and practices on the urbanized territory. Available space grows scarcer; control is enhanced and living costs skyrocket. While partially profiting the established members of the community, it seems to destabilize newcomers, marginal and less fortunate ones, progressively pressuring them into quitting the favela. To urbanize Rocinha is a way to force its gentrification, in order to make it more secure, civilized and profitable.
Elhak, Dalila. "L'impact des relations asymétriques canado-américaines sur la gestion migratoire au Canada après le 11 septembre." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3048/1/M11432.pdf.
Full textAtangana, Elysée Martin. "Le Bassin du Lac Tchad face aux nouvelles formes de menace : la difficile dynamique de réponse régionale dans la lutte contre le groupe terroriste islamiste Boko Haram." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19262.
Full textBoko Haram is a terrorist group from northern Nigeria. This group promoting the application of Sharia in northern Nigeria, became a terrorist group in 2009 after military repression by the Nigerian state. With the inability of the Nigerian army to contain this terrorist threat, Boko Haram increased its activities around the Lake Chad Basin and beyond. During several years of Boko Haram's atrocities, one of the most important problems comes from the failure of regional security mechanisms to stem this group. Despite the implementation of these regional security mechanisms, Boko Haram remains a serious threat that has taken a heavy toll: more than 20,000 deaths in seven years of armed conflict, more than 1.5 million refugees and displaced persons, 4.2 million facing health problems and food insecurity. This leads us to consider Boko Haram one of the most ferocious Islamist terrorist groups in modern times. Using resources such as books, scientific articles, newspapers, governments and NGO reports and documents published by international organizations, this thesis seeks to explain why the regional security mechanisms failed to contain Boko Haram. I focus on two arguments: first, the lack of leadership in the fight against Boko Haram, manifested by Nigeria's regional attitude and the lack of interest of Chad, led to the failure of collective action against the Boko Haram phenomenon. Then, the second argument states that the multiplication of regional organizations in the Lake Chad Basin created difficulties of coordination between them and problems of institutional monopoly, preventing these organizations from acting effectively against the terrorist group Boko Haram.
Gaudreault, Lucien. "Implantation d'un programme de prévention en santé/sécurité : division des services régionaux : S.E.C.A.L." Thèse, 1987. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1694/1/1438109.pdf.
Full textSimonneau, Claire. "Gérer la ville au Bénin : la mise en œuvre du Registre foncier urbain à Cotonou, Porto-Novo et Bohicon." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13501.
Full textThe management of West African cities is problematic nowadays: uncontrolled urban sprawl, insufficient basic services, and land insecurity. Yet, major reforms had been put in place with the assistance of international aid to enhance the effectiveness of urban management; which seems to have failed. Going beyond this policy failure statement, the present dissertation aims at understanding how “managing the city” takes place in the particular context of West Africa. The implementation of the Urban Land Registry (RFU), a municipal and multi-purpose land information system that has been put in place in Benin through development programmes in the early 1990s, is the lens through which urban management is examined. Urban management is then studied through the actions taken rather than through the discourses. With a socio-anthropological approach, the implementation of the instrument is analysed from the stakeholders’ perspectives and according to a double analysis grid. On the one hand, the analysis aims at understanding the local appropriation of the RFU inside public administrations; and on the other hand, its aims at comprehending the interaction of the RFU with the territory, in particular with the complex dynamics of access to the land and land security. A multiple case study was conducted in three municipalities: Cotonou, Porto-Novo, and Bohicon. This study led to two main conclusions. First, the RFU is recognized as the key instrument of local taxation, but it is minimally implemented. This particular functioning is an optimal adaptation to a context made of: 1) professional rivalries in a compartmentalized administration, 2) political and financial stakes related to different sources of local revenues, and 3) political and institutional tensions provoked by the late decentralisation. Then, the RFU’s impacts in terms of national professional capacities are insufficient to reform urban management from inside municipal administration. Second, a key function of the RFU that is centralizing information on presumed landowners is impeded by the commodification of land information and by the territorialisation of land regulatory modes. This affects the implementation of the RFU as it takes part in this land information market, but with little success; and its impact is differentiated according to the ‘land regulation territory’ it applies. Finally, ‘managing the city’ in Benin is not an automatic task, even with the introduction of management instruments such as the RFU. Administration and politics continue to shape municipal policies, and the pluralistic city is managed in a differentiated manner. To the designers of public action (policies), this dissertation encourages to take into account existing regulation modes in African societies, even if they are multiple and complex, and it recognises the singular process of institution building in Africa.