Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sécurité routière – Pays en voie de développement'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 17 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sécurité routière – Pays en voie de développement.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bhatti, Junaid. "Les facteurs environnementaux dans les accidents de la circulation sur des routes interurbaines dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21724/document.
Full textBackground: Interurban traffic safety is a major public health problem, but has received little attention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The objectives of this thesis were to assess the burden of injury related to interurban traffic, and reporting of these injuries in different datasets, to analyze situational factors (physical characteristics and environmental circumstances) associated with crash sites, and road hazard perception of high-risk crash sites in LMICs. Methods and results: These objectives were assessed in five specific studies conducted in two LMICs, Cameroon and Pakistan. In study I, traffic fatality per vehicle-km and associated crash factors were assessed using police reports for years 2004 to 2007, on the two-lane Yaoundé-Douala road section in Cameroon. Traffic fatality was 73 per 100 million vehicle-km, a rate 35 times higher than a similar road in a high-income country. Fatality was higher for crashes involving vulnerable road users, crashes between oppositely-moving vehicles, and those due to mechanical failure including tyre burst. In study II, traffic injury reporting to police, ambulance, and Emergency Department (ED) in 2008 was assessed, on the four-lane Karachi-Hala road section in Pakistan. Crash fatality was over 53 per 109 vehicle-km, a rate 13 times higher than a similar road in France. Police reported only one out of five fatalities and one out of ten severe injuries. Vulnerable road users were two times less reported in police data than ambulance or ED data. In study III, situational factors associated with injury crash sites were assessed on the Yaoundé-Douala road section, using case-control methods. Factors such as flat road profiles (adjusted Odds Ratios [OR]=1.52; 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]=1.15-2.01), irregular surface conditions (OR=1.43; 95%CI=1.04-1.99), nearby road obstacles (OR=1.99; 95%CI=1.09-3.63), and three- (OR=3.11; 95%CI=1.15-8.39) or four-legged (OR=3.23; 95%CI= 1.51-6.92) intersections were significantly associated with injury crash sites. Furthermore, the likelihood of crash increased with built-up areas situated in plain regions (OR=2.33; 95%CI=1.97-2.77). In study IV, traffic injury burden and factors associated with Highway Work Zones (HWZs) crashes were assessed on the Karachi-Hala road section, using historical cohort methods. HWZs accounted for one third of traffic fatalities, and fatality per vehicle-km was four times higher in HWZs than other zones. One out of two HWZ crashes occurred between oppositely moving vehicles. In study V, hazard perception of high-risk (with ≥ 3 crashes in 3 years) and low-risk sites (no crash reported) from the two above road sections was assessed by showing videos to voluntary Pakistani drivers. Drivers were able to identify only half of the high-risk sites as hazardous. Sites with a flat and straight road profile had a lower hazard perception compared to those with curved and slope road profile. High-risk sites situated in built-up areas were perceived less hazardous (OR = 0.58; 95%CI=0.51-0.68) compared to low-risk sites (OR = 2.04; 95%CI=1.51-2.74) with same road situation. Further, high-risk sites with vertical road signs were more likely to be perceived hazardous (OR = 2.75; 95%CI=2.38-3.16) than low-risk sites (OR = 0.50; 95%CI=0.34-0.72) with such signs. Conclusion: This thesis illustrates how innovative yet simple epidemiological methods can be useful in assessing the injury burden and specific risk factors in LMICs. These countries face a high burden of interurban road injuries, mostly under-reported in police data. A reliable and accurate injury surveillance system is needed in these countries. Moreover, prevention policy can be improved by better information transfer between road and police authorities regarding situational factors. Similarly, a monitoring system is required to examine the HWZ safety interventions in these countries. Lastly, interurban road safety can be improved by making roads self-explaining, especially by implementing low-cost interventions such as vertical signs at high-risk sites
Combes, Jean-Louis. "Instabilité des revenus et épargne dans les pays en voie de développement : le rôle de la politique de stabilisation du prix des produits agricoles d'exportation." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10002.
Full textGuébou, Florent. "Analyse des problèmes de sécurité du travail dans un pays en voie de développement : le cas du Congo." Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20005.
Full textThis research aimed at analyzing the issue of security at work in the Congolese firms. Facing the difficulties we came up against, we were led to make choices concerning our methodology and our starting processes. We eventually came to a choice of five research ways. The methodology we adopted consisted in a pre-survey and a survey through questionnaires that were given out to five hundred workers: only four hundred and twenty questionnaires were given back and exploited. Considering the limits of our study, of this methodology, of the results that came of it, we find it necessary to consider this study as somewhat exploratory and, therefore, to take out both its practical and theoretical implications
Tohon, Bignon Aurelas. "Sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement et émergents : une analyse des effets des politiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70372.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore the impact of trade and agricultural support policies on food security. It focuses on developing and emerging countries, taking into account the importance of the agricultural sector in these countries. Trade and agricultural support policies in these countries tend to be quite varied and this variety could translate into food security outcomes. We are interested in whether and to what extent the temporal variability of the above policies would affect food availability or food import dependence. To do so, we use theoretical and empirical literature and test models of empirical analysis. In Chapter 1, we review the concept of food security and its measurement tools. While several definitions of food security are proposed, the idea in this chapter is to identify simple instruments on which national and international policy action could focus for setting food security objectives in developing countries. Our analysis suggests a plurality of instruments, evolving according to the angles or dimensions of analysis of food security. Among them, we distinguish between measures of food availability and measures of dependence on food imports, which we use as measures or indicators of food security in this work. In Chapter 2, we reviewed the literature on the relationship between trade policies and the dimensions of food security on the one hand, and between agricultural support measures and the dimensions and/or indicators of food security on the other. While in the first case we concluded that agricultural production is important in the analysis of such a relationship, in the second case we found that, given the variety of agricultural support measures, the complexity of calculating a single agricultural support indicator and the classification of measures with regard to the distortions they could create, their effect on food security would vary. These different developments have made it possible to propose different channels through which these two types of policies would affect food security. In Chapter 3, we empirically tested the impact of trade openness on food availability using a multi-stage modeling approach. Our results show that trade openness and production have a positive effect on food availability. However, the effect of the interaction between these two variables is not significant. While our results also confirm the importance of agricultural inputs, output levels in other sectors of the economy, and producer price volatility in agricultural production outcomes, they also reveal, in addition to traditional factors, the role of economic freedoms in trade openness decisions. Finally, in Chapter 4, we empirically tested the impact of agricultural support measures on food import dependence in developing and emerging countries using a continuous treatment model and the estimation of a dose-response function with endogeneity. Our results suggest variable effects depending on the intensity of agricultural support. Our results also confirm the role of consumer spending, population size and agricultural production levels in food imports to these countries.
Ben, Nasr Maaouia. "La sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement : cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E047.
Full textFood security is defined today through four dimensions, namely the food availability, stability, access and safety. These dimensions form an entity and ensure a healthy diet for everyone. It is precisely for this reason that they cannot be dissociated. Developing countries are the most affected by food insecurity. The food security assessment must be connected to the economic development strategies adopted in each country. For the most of developing countries, the implemented agricultural policies are largely responsible for the state of the food security. Tunisia is among the countries that have neglected the construction of an agricultural production structure that totally focuses on achieving food security ensured by prominent local self-sufficiency in food. For a long time, Tunisia has favored the use of the international market to take advantage of the world prices drop tendency. This strategy is now obsolete because of changes in the international context which are expressed by significant unexampled increases in the prices of agricultural products and food. In addition, there is a deterioration in the economic fundamentals especially the import capacity, as well as a deterioration in public accounts while the food bill raises and the pursuit of the subsidy policy reaches its limits. Moreover, the treatment of the food security issue should not be related only to agricultural production but also to the debt situation of the developing country. Food security is usually the focal point of all problems related to real growth strategies and economic development of many countries including Tunisia. It becomes even more problematic than the forced evolution towards globalization which now places agriculture in the world faced to the threat of widespread trade pushing it to a specialization which is not easy grasp
Vithot, Eric. "L'amélioration de la sécurité anesthésique est-elle possible dans les pays en voie de développement ? : d'aprés 2316 anesthésies pratiquées au Sri Lanka." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23019.
Full textBadolo, Félix. "Chocs de prix, vulnérabilité climatique et sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10416/document.
Full textOver the period 2006-2008, the prices of most of agricultural commodities considerably increased. One of the explanatory factors of this surge in prices is climate change. Indeed, rainfall instability and extreme temperatures negatively affect agricultural crops and lead to reduced food supply in international markets, which contributes to the rise in food prices. Soaring food prices and climate change raise serious concerns regarding inflation and welfare of households in the world and especially in poor countries that depend on food imports. In a first chapter, using econometric models applied to temporal series, we show that rising oil prices and fluctuations in the U.S. dollar are the main causes of the rise in world food prices. In a second chapter, using the threshold cointegration tests, we highlight the fact that the imported rice prices in the local markets of Burkina Faso respond more rapidly to increases than to decreases in the world price. In a third chapter, we show that the increase in the world rice price has a negative effect on poverty and income inequality in Burkina Faso. The effect is lower in the rice-producing areas but remains negative. The fourth chapter highlights the significant and negative effect of climate variability on food security in developing countries. The effect is higher in African countries than in other countries. The main message of this thesis is that developing countries and especially African countries are highly vulnerable to food price shocks and to climate change. This vulnerability might be explained by the fact that these countries depend on food imports and have an agricultural sector sensitive to climate variability. Initiatives for the social protection of poor households are required due to limited food access caused by soaring food prices. Investments for sustained agricultural growth are also required. These are for example investments for the improvement of rural infrastructure and agricultural services as well as development of new agricultural practices less sensitive to climate
Le, Manach Frédéric. "Passé, présent et futur des accords de pêche publics européens dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20054.
Full textSince the 19th century, with the expansion and industrialization of extractive industries, maritime jurisdictions have shifted from chiefly open-access to a regime regulated by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This thesis examines fishing access agreements, i.e., tools designed by developed countries to continue to exploit the fish stocks of developing 'host' countries. The emphasis is on the particular fisheries access agreements funded by EU-taxpayers, and the aim is to test the common belief that their economic, social, and environmental provisions have improved over time vis-à-vis the host countries. To date, only little has been published on this topic, and thus this examination of their provisions is of paramount importance for the policy realm. Chapters 1 and 2 challenge the legal ground of such agreements, which rests on the questionable notion of fisheries 'surplus' that must be made available to other countries according to UNCLOS. Flaws in the estimation of surplus are noted: in most cases, surpluses cannot be calculated due to inaccurate catch estimates, and ceding potential surpluses to foreign countries results in hard-to-justify decreases in domestic catches. Chapter 3 argues that since their inception, the level at which these agreements have been subsidized remained extremely high (around 75%); the remainder (paid by fleets' operators) represented only a small fraction of their turnover, highlighting a gross imbalance in allocation of benefits. Finally, Chapter 4 demonstrates that despite advances in most social and environmental provisions, the one regarding the supervision of foreign vessels by observers (arguably the most critical provision of all) has declined. These results beg the question: how legitimate are such access agreements? While they are lauded for their transparency, they appear to remain mostly beneficial to European interests and poorly monitored. Also, due to the fishing expansion occurring in host countries and ongoing international trade reforms, one can only wonder whether such historical 'pay-fish-and-go' agreements still ought to continue
Hamza, Oualid. "Sécurité sanitaire des aliments, commerce et développement : approche par l'Economie Industrielle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020073/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the current context of the international regulation of food safety. It stands at the crossroads of international trade theory, industrial economics and development economics and it comes to evaluate the conditions for an effective and fair multilateral co-regulation of food safety. Such a co-regulation should ensure consumers’ health in developed countries faced to imports from developing countries, the access of developing countries to Northern markets and consumers’ health in developing countries through the improvement of production and commercialization practices in domestic supply chains. In the first part of the thesis, we analyze the conditions for a North-South co-governance of health risk, which would be beneficial to both the health of consumers in the North and producers’ incomes in the South. Considering the context of domestic markets in developing countries, the second part of the thesis determines the conditions for which food security, in a quantitative sense, is not incompatible with food safety. In the last part of the thesis, we analyze public interventions that allow South domestic markets to benefit from progresses achieved in the export sectors. From a methodological point of view, the thesis is based on the conceptual framework of the Theory of Industrial Organization. The theoretical models that we propose serve as a support for empirical works and stylized facts that we review in detail
Sandafi, Hazem. "La relation entre l'assurance sociale et la structure économique dans les pays en voie de développement (exemple de la Syrie et de l'Egypte)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1052.
Full textIn developing societies like Syria and Egypt, social insurance can play an important role in the in the financing of economic
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte. "Trois essais sur la vulnérabilité des ménages ruraux dans les pays en développement : risques, stratégies et impacts." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686812.
Full textYamthieu, Sylvestre. "Accès aux aliments et droit de la propriété industrielle : contribution à l'orientation du brevet et du certificat d'obtention végétale sur les ressources agricoles vers la sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement." Nantes, 2013. https://budistant.univ-nantes.fr/login?url=https://www.stradalex.eu/DBPro/FR/Search/html/breadcrumb/se_mono/ACALPRIN.
Full textKeuko, Richard M. "Le désarmement pour le développement : contribution de l'organisation des Nations Unies." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010288.
Full textNations organisation had focused on two directions, since the end of the second world war. The prevention of another world war, and, on the other hand, the total eradication of poverty and others sources of frustration, considered as particular threats to international peace and security. Experts studies achieved under the direction of the un emphasized on the multiple relationships existing between misdevelopment and the growing insecurity, which lead to the arms race. Consumption of financial resources, human resources and raw materials by arms industries appears in these studies as important gaps to social and economic development of all nations, specially the developing ones. Finally, different methods have been found by the organisation to transfer resources released from arms race thanks to disarmament mesures to the economic and social development of nations, the creation of a special mechanism, devoted to the linkage of disarmement and development, under the supervision of the united nations, is followed by the organisation as fundamental, even if reaching that particular goal is today very compromise by the position of some influent members
Berumen, Colin Noemi Paulina. "La politique de sécurité alimentaire en Afrique du Sud face aux enjeux sectoriels et territoriaux : la complexité de l'action publique dans un environnement régionalisé illustré par le cas des provinces du KwaZulu-Natal et du Limpopo." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40035.
Full textThe object of this study is the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in South Africa and interactions between players taking part directly in the definition and organization of the food security policy. Through the analysis of public policies approach, we exemplify these dynamics on the basis of a comparative study of food security policies in Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces in South Africa. We give an account of the comings and goings between different levels of the South Africa government, as well as those between the different players and international or national authorities, in the conception and organization of the policies. Thanks to the “prismatic effect” metaphor, our analysis identifies the divergences arousing from these comings and goings between the players, and highlights that their perceptions of the alimentary stakes are influenced and shaped by a series of social, economical and political circumstances which will “send” one or several interpretations of the problem. This leads to a dispersion effect of the original idea of “food security”, according to each player’s representations and references concerning the subject, thus complexifying the definition and organization of public policies. This study, far from setting out categorical conclusions, brings out new questions. It reveals in particular three difficulties that the public policy approach and the multi-level governance pose on a theoretical level and on the praxis level: (1) the opposition of empirical propositions; (2) the opposition between local government authorities and national government authorities in identifying public problems; and (3) the questions about the role of the multi-level governance approach in defining and organizing public policies. This invites us to explore new ways of approaching social facts and drawing the outlines of a social and political order which is yet uncertain
Rhomari, Maria. "La réforme des systèmes de retraite dans les pays en développement et l'extension de la couverture à l'emploi informel : Application au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090005/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates pension reforms in developing countries, their ability to provide retirees with a decent income, and the issue of extending their coverage to the entire population, including informal workers. The first two chapters assess the transition from pay-as-you-go to fully funded or multipillar schemes. A case study based on macro-data and pension funds data from 7 Latin American countries show that such reforms had very low effect on coverage rates and labour formalization and did not succeed in protecting people from old-age poverty. The third chapter describes the Moroccan pension system and shows that the reform currently in discussion is not sufficient either to achieve this goal. The last two chapters are empirical studies based on Moroccan labour force survey and household survey data. The first one draws a complete panorama of the non-contributing share of the population and estimates the probability of informal employment depending on both individual and professional characteristics. The second one studies the economic lives of the elderly. Overall results confirm that the informal labour market is heterogeneous and that most informal jobs are involuntary, not a choice made by workers to avoid paying taxes and social security contributions. It also appears that households that include aged members are poorer, the intergenerational cohabitation is high and therefore, creating a solidarity pension will help alleviate poverty at a cost not exceeding 0.5% of GDP
Kinhou, Viwagbo. "La souveraineté alimentaire dans une perspective de sécurité alimentaire durable : illusion ou réalité ? : le cas de la filière riz dans la commune de Malanville au Nord-Est du Bénin." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20009/document.
Full textRice has become a primary consumed product in Benin. Studies have revealed it will become the most consumed cereal in west Africa within the next decades. Despite the resources Benin possesses favouring rice culture and the government measures to promote it, the household supply remains unsatisfactory when compared to the objective set by the country to reach food sovereignty. The present essay analyses the government policies in order to reach a sustainable food sovereignty through rice culture. In depth, exploratory surveys have been conducted among the rice farmers. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires and guided interviews revealing the comparative advantage local rice has over imported one. Efforts have yet to be made in order for Malanville rice famers to reduce their production costs and become more competitive. Education level, access to loans, rice farmers experience as well as their social status are the key factors influencing the implementation of new technologies allowing an increase of productivity. Rice production and food sovereignty should be attained by implementing simultaneously income support policies, funded fertilizers, climate-smart culture and ploughing by oxen
Berry, Marie-Astrid. "Les investissements agricoles étrangers : opportunités ou menace à la sécurité alimentaire des pays en voie de développement?" Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5467/1/M12864.pdf.
Full text