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Journal articles on the topic 'Security in Venezuela'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Pacifico, Andrea P., Johnatan Da Costa Santos, and F. L. Silva Silva. "Venezuelan Forced Migrants and Refugees in Brazil and Ecuador: Security Issues and Social Provision during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 3 (2022): 554–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-3-554-570.

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The worsening economic and social crisis in Venezuela has led to a massive flow of Venezuelan migrants to neighbouring Latin American countries. The influx of forced migrants from Venezuela has challenged the regional security of Latin American countries, which were already experiencing structural and social problems. Brazil and Ecuador, where a significant number of Venezuelan nationals arrived, faced great obstacles in providing the arriving migrants with access to health care and education for their children, jobs, while at the same time meeting the needs and social problems of the local po

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2

Guerreiro, Ketiane. "Crime and Armed Groups in the International and Legal Amazon." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 20, Special Edition (2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2021.2.ksz.8.

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Transnational illicit activities, in addition to the unbridled greed for mineral resources, strongly impact Amazonian territories extending from the Orinoco Mining Arc in Venezuela to northern Brazil, aggravating problems of environmental impacts and border security, due to groups of the armed forces that protect mineral explorers. In Venezuela, megabandas joined the political elite that controls gold mining, as well as members of the Colombian Armed Forces (FARC) and armed military groups representing institutionalised violence, placing Venezuela in second place for murder among South America

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Galvão, Thiago Gehre, Bruna de Paula Miranda Pereira, and Mauricio Kenyatta Barros da Costa. "The future of Brazil-Venezuela partnership under a migration crisis context: confidence building measures by border understandings." Monções: Revista de Relações Internacionais da UFGD 10, no. 20 (2021): 51–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v10i20.14706.

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The history of international relations of Brazil and Venezuela is fundamental for South American security and stability. The Venezuelan-Brazilian migratory crisis (2015-2021) created a certain level of uncertainty but also generated confidence-building measures capable of mobilizing public opinion, integrating governmental public policies, inducing multilevel and multiactor coordination, and networking international organizations with civil society organizations. By critically assessing Brazilian-Venezuelan border relations we could draw some insights on how to think on security and humanitari

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SENHORAS, Elói Martins, Francisleile Lima NASCIMENTO, and Kelma Cristina da Silva WENDLING. "THE VENEZUELAN MIGRATORY CRISIS." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 8, no. 24 (2021): 01–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5651479.

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This article is about the issue of migration in Roraima, reflecting on the Venezuelan migration crisis. This article has goal to describe the unfolding of the political and economic crisis in Venezuela. The methodology starts from a bibliographical research under the qualitative approach of descriptive and explanatory nature. Thus, the research shows that the migration crisis in Venezuela was established in two moments like 2010 and 2016/2017. With regard to Brazil, due to the Pacaraima border region with Santa Elena de Uairén, the country has become an escape route for Venezuelans who

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Łapaj-Kucharska, Justyna. "Instrumentalization of the COVID-19 Pandemic to Consolidate the Authoritarian Power of Nicolás Maduro and Transform Venezuela into a Police State." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 79, no. 3 (2023): 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2023.79.15.

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For Venezuela, the COVID-19 pandemic has hit a country that already has been in a multidimensional crisis for years in circumstances of economic and social devastation, and authoritarian rule. However, the pandemic accelerated Venezuela’s transformation into a police state by introducing unsubstantiated pandemic restrictions that were enforced by the state security apparatus and abusive armed forces. The aim of the article is to show the instrumentalization of the COVID-19 pandemic in the area of radicalization of the Maduro regime and to answer the questions in which areas of the state’s func

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Dueñas-Gaitán, Félix, and Andrés Salgado Pérez. "Pedagogías para la paz: educación inclusiva, migración venezolana y educación superior." HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades 13, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37819/humanrev.v13i1.1104.

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The analyses taken from different sources presented in the bibliographical references allow us to infer that migration is a natural phenomenon of the human being, inevitable and even necessary. According to IOM, one in seven people in the world is an international migrant, that is, by the end of 2018 there were 258 million people in the world who for various reasons decided to move from their places of origin. For many years Venezuela received Colombians who were looking for better conditions and more security. In these terms, Colombia had had a historic debt with Venezuela, which to date has

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Dueñas-Gaitán, Félix, and Andrés Salgado Pérez. "Pedagogías para la paz: educación inclusiva, migración venezolana y educación superior." HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades 13, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37819/revhuman.v13i1.1104.

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The analyses taken from different sources presented in the bibliographical references allow us to infer that migration is a natural phenomenon of the human being, inevitable and even necessary. According to IOM, one in seven people in the world is an international migrant, that is, by the end of 2018 there were 258 million people in the world who for various reasons decided to move from their places of origin. For many years Venezuela received Colombians who were looking for better conditions and more security. In these terms, Colombia had had a historic debt with Venezuela, which to date has

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8

Rivas, Gilson A., Luis E. Sibira, and Tito R. Barros. "Catalogue of Type Specimens in the amphibians and reptiles collection of the Museo de Biología, Universidad del Zulia (MBLUZ), Maracaibo, Venezuela." Anartia. Publicación del Museo de Biología de La Universidad del Zulia, no. 35 (May 19, 2023): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7951605.

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We provide a complete and updated catalogue of the Type Specimens of the amphibians and reptiles collection of the Museo de Biología de la Universidad del Zulia (MBLUZ), Maracaibo, Venezuela. This collection contains a total of 23 type specimens (four Holotypes: one amphibian and three reptiles, and 19 Paratypes: five amphibians and 14 reptiles), representing 14 species. The taxa represented by these Types were described between 1996 and 2020. So far, only one of their names is regarded as a junior synonym (<em>Cryptobatrachus remotus </em>Infante-Rivero, Rojas-Runjaic & Barrio-Amor

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9

Meity, Yustina, and Arum Tri Utami. "The Effectiveness of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Overcoming the Venezuelan Refugees Crisis 2020-2023." Proceedings of Sunan Ampel International Conference of Political and Social Sciences 2 (December 23, 2024): 318–32. https://doi.org/10.15642/saicopss.2024.2..318-332.

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This article discusses the effectiveness of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in addressing the refugee crisis in Venezuela. The study examines how effective the UNHCR, as a regime dealing with refugees, has been in managing the refugee crisis that occurred in Venezuela from 2022 to 2023. According to Underdal, a regime can be considered effective if it is able to perform certain functions in line with the purpose for which it was established. Therefore, Underdal's Regime Effectiveness framework guides the analysis of this research, focusing on how the rules and recomme

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Arlyan, Reni. "HUBUNGAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN STABILITAS KEAMANAN NEGARA (KRISIS PANGAN DI VENEZUELA)." Jurnal Dinamika Global 3, no. 01 (2018): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v3i01.59.

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Problem of Food emerged as a Non-Traditional Secuirty (NTS) issue in the aftermath of the Cold War and was identified as one of the seven pillars of human security by the 1994 UNDP Report �New Dimensions� in Security. Food security as �the means for all people at all times to have both physical and economic access to basic food� and that food security is an entitlement. When the shortages food supply in a country, it will be an increasing the conflict civil society, so the stability of the state security being disrupted. The availability of adequate food supplies could become the core of socia

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MORAES, Pollyanna Gonçalves Correia de, and Gustavo da Frota SIMÕES. "HUMAN SECURITY AND EMPLOYMENT MILITARY CONTINGENTS IN THE WELCOME OPERATION." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 19, no. 57 (2024): 434–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14202074.

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Brazil has been receiving migrants and refugees due to the economic, political, and social crisis in Venezuela, influencing the launch of Welcome Operation to ensure humanitarian assistance to this population. In this sense, this article aims to answer: how does the use of the Armed Forces, especially the Brazilian Army, in the Welcome Operation contribute to ensuring human security for Venezuelan migrants and refugees? The concept of human security, as outlined by Buzan and Hansen, directs the focus to individuals as the main beneficiaries, incorporating concerns related to poverty, underdeve

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Rodriguez, Fernando, Julio Betancourt, and William Perry. "PROTECTING PEOPLE, ASSETS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE GULF OF PARIA, VENEZUELA: SECURITY PLANNING FOR EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION IN A SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (2005): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-237.

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ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the United States Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA) have placed new security planning and preparedness requirements on oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) facilities. Qualifying E&P facilities within territorial waters of countries signatory to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), were to have completed Security Vulnerability Assessments (SVAs) as early as July 2004. In some countries, this deadline has been extended. There are currently no comprehensive SVA guidelines that comp

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13

Doocy, Shannon, Mija-Tesse Ververs, Paul Spiegel, and Chris Beyrer. "The food security and nutrition crisis in Venezuela." Social Science & Medicine 226 (April 2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.007.

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14

Fernandez-Palazzi, F., D. P. De Gutierrez, and R. Paladino. "The care of the limb deficient child in Venezuela." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 15, no. 2 (1991): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649109164654.

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An overview of the situation in Venezuela is made by sampling the cases of congenital limb deficiency treated at the Hospital San Juan de Dios in Caracas from 1961-1989. The major longitudinal deficiencies are analysed. The socioeconomic situation of the patients is of most importance being the cause of final decisions in relation to surgery, the ordering of prosthesis and orthosis, supplied mainly by the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security (IVSS), the maintenance of these items and the possibility of travelling to the hospital for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. All these transform th

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Venezuelan, A., and James Ausman. "The devastating Venezuelan crisis." Surgical Neurology International 10 (July 26, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_342_2019.

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The Venezuelan crisis is filling the headlines and truly deserves the world’s attention. It is a wake-up call to all as it holds relevant lessons for both developing and developed countries. The country suffers a severe humanitarian crisis. Its economy has declined at a faster pace than any other peacetime economy worldwide. Hardship and repression have led millions to flee the country creating a refugee crisis in Colombia and other neighboring countries, and millions more are expected to flee unless conditions improve. It raises serious security concerns in the whole Western Hemisphere. The c

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16

Masullo, Juan, Julia Zulver, and Annette Idler. "Community Responses to a Changing Security Landscape at the Colombia–Venezuela Border: The Case of La Guajira." Journal of Human Rights Practice 13, no. 1 (2021): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huab012.

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Abstract The Colombian–Venezuelan borderlands are facing a ‘double crisis’: at the same time as armed groups reconfigure following the demobilization of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Colombia is concurrently receiving millions of refugees, migrants, and Colombian returnees from neighbouring Venezuela. While much international coverage of the crisis has focused on Cúcuta, the major border crossing in the department of Norte de Santander, the crossing via the Guajira Peninsula is the second most frequented official land crossing into Colombia. In 2020, La Guajira was home to

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17

HAO, SUN, and BAI YIRAN. "An analysis of the Sino-Venezuelan energy cooperation model." Finance and Credit 29, no. 1 (2023): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.29.1.152.

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Subject. This article discusses the model of relations between resource-shortage countries and countries rich in natural resources, considering China and Venezuela as a case study. Objectives. The article aims to identify the key drivers of the model of energy cooperation between countries with different energy experience in the geopolitical context and initiatives to ensure energy security. Methods. For the study, we used the analytical and comparative research methods. Results. The article finds that the governments of China and Venezuela are promoting energy cooperation through financial cr

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Belmiro Camara, Lisa, and Graciela De Conti Pagliari. "Quo vadis multilateralismo sul-americano? Um estudo da relação entre a Colômbia e a Venezuela." Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad 19, no. 2 (2024): 53–68. https://doi.org/10.18359/ries.6875.

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This research aims to assess how multilateral organizations of political coordination and regional security influences the relations of historically conflicting dyads, with a specific focus on South American security dynamics regarding the correlation between traditional dynamics and the presence of non-state actors and non-traditional threats. The purpose is to analyze whether the decreased tension that created conditions for the development of multilateral regional cooperation in security in South America also produces desecuritizing effects on the bilateral relations – tradition- ally tense

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Ginter, Kevin. "Truth and Mirage: The Cuba-Venezuela Security and Intelligence Alliance." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 26, no. 2 (2013): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.758003.

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Wendling, Kelma Cristina da Silva Silva, Francisleile Lima Nascimento, and Elói Martins Senhoras. "Humanitarian crisis in Venezuela: a reflection on the service network of Venezuelan flows in Roraima." Revista Intellector XVIII, no. 36 (2022): 15–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6492050.

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This research is about the theme of the humanitarian crisis that has arisen from the political and economic crisis that incrementally evolved in Venezuela from 2010 to 2016/2017, reflecting on the service network for the flows of Venezuelan immigrants to the Brazilian State, Roraima. This study aims to show that this service network was established through a bilateral Technical Cooperation Agreement between the Brazilian Ministry of Social Development and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), aiming to manage the main decision-making on the Venezuela's migratory crisis i

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Navarro Claro, Genny Torcoroma, and Carlos Alberto Pacheco Sánchez. "Migración y seguridad fronteriza Colombia – Venezuela: una revisión sistemática." Mundo FESC 13, S1 (2023): 374–95. https://doi.org/10.61799/2216-0388.1435.

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The objective of the article is to analyze how the trend in research on migration and border security has been, as well as to identify actions against the different problems generated by this phenomenon on the Colombia-Venezuela border. The research was based on a bibliometric and documentary study through the review of the Scopus database for the topics ("migration" and "border security"), tools such as the InOrdinatio method, R-Studio and Bibliometrix were used. , which made it possible to identify the most cited scientific production, authors and countries, institutions and articles; VosVie

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White, Russell. "Tito Caula’s photographic imaginary and mid-century Caraqueño modernity." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 8, no. 1 (2021): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00034_1.

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The photography of the Argentinian photographer Francisco ‘Tito’ Caula tracked some of the key social and physical changes that Caracas underwent during the middle decades of the twentieth century. This period saw the country transition from dictatorship to democracy. Caula’s advertising photographs together with his images of spectacular spaces and buildings such as the Sabana Grande and the Centro Simón Bolívar presented Caracas as a mecca of mid-century ‘petro-modernity’ (LeMenager 2014). In contrast to late nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century modernity, which was predominantly European

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Dronova, S. Yu, and A. E. Perales Toro. "The Language of the American Mass Media as an Instrument to Destabilize the Political Regime in Venezuela." Review of Business and Economics Studies 11, no. 1 (2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2023-11-1-26-32.

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The study aims to determine the role of the US media as a destabilizing factor in the contemporary domestic politics of Venezuela, especially in the context of the power crisis of 2013–2019. The study used the methods of data analysis obtained through interviews, discourse analysis, the method of grounded theory, content analysis of selected sources (CNN, The Washington Post, The New York Times, Bloomberg) and event analysis, which made it possible to analyze the most frequently mentioned in the American media developments in the domestic politics of Venezuela for the period 2013–2019. The res

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Malov, Aleksandr V. "FOOD SOVEREIGNTY POLICY. “THE VENEZUELAN EXPERIMENT”." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 3 (2024): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2024-3-89-102.

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The research article is concerned with the analysis of agri-food policy in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. With the help of historical analysis, the author found that the main problems in the agricultural sector of the country are its strong dependence on agri-food imports, disproportion in the structure of land ownership and a high level of urbanization. The author used an institutional analysis and a comparative approach to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the main government programs for the implementation of the food sovereignty strategy, which was used as a tool to remed

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CASIS. "The Conflation of Organized Crime and Terrorism in Venezuela." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 2, no. 3 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v2i3.1187.

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   On November 22, 2019, Victoria Dittmar presented on the “Conflation of Organized Crime and Terrorism in Venezuela” at the 2019 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions & answers. Main discussion topics included organized crime and possible solutions for the aforementioned issue in Caribbean Latin America.  

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Ayuso, Anna, Tiziano Breda, Elsa Lilja Gunnarsdottir, and Marianne Riddervold. "Constraints, Dilemmas and Challenges for EU Foreign Policy in Venezuela." International Spectator 59, no. 1 (2024): 140–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2023.2289647.

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Years of increasingly authoritarian rule and economic mismanagement by President Nicolás Maduro have turned Venezuela into a source of regional instability. The European Union’s (EU) main foreign policy objective towards the country has been a peaceful transition to free and transparent elections and its re-introduction into regional and global trade and political frameworks. The strategies pursued by the EU to mitigate the constraints on its foreign policy towards Venezuela have helped to bring about more EU unity, but have failed to have a significant impact in the country itsel

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Pérez, José Oviedo. "Venezuela and its Neighbors: The Discursive Struggle for Latin America." Relaciones Internacionales 28, no. 57 (2019): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/23142766e071.

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Over the past decade, Venezuela has entered into a deep recession, which has resulted in millions migrating abroad. In February of 2019, the United States and its allies recognized the interim government of Juan Guaidó, creating a standoff with the Chavista government of Nicolás Maduro. This article conducts a nuanced analysis of the situation in Venezuela across multiple levels as it problematizes our ontological understanding of individuals, states, and international system. Through a post-structuralist approach to security, I argue that individuals have been portrayed in contradictory human

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Hanson, Rebecca, and Verónica Zubillaga. "From carceral punitivism to systematic killing: The necropolitics of policing in post-Chávez Venezuela." Violence: An International Journal 2, no. 1 (2021): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26330024211007864.

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Since 2017, state security forces in Venezuela have been responsible for over 20% of violent deaths in the country. This represents an unprecedented period of state repression in the country’s history that demands examination. In this article, we argue that in order to understand the recent increase in violent deaths in Venezuela during the post-Chávez period, we must place at the center of our analysis the discourses and practices of an extremely privileged actor, the state, in the context of the collapse of oil prices. We propose that this upsurge of lethal violence can be understood within

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Mladenovic, Miroslav, and Milos Tomic. "Political ecology in the shadow of regional security: The case of the Essequibo region." Medjunarodni problemi 76, no. 2 (2024): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp2402249m.

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Continuous exploitation of natural resources within the national borders of a country, especially those intended for energy production (oil, gas, coal), inevitably raises a number of issues in the context of maintaining political, economic and social stability. Observed through the paradigm of the theoretical assumptions of political ecology, the benefits that are realized by the processing and distribution of natural resources are mostly connected with the efficiency of the entire state and social system and thus with security at the internal and external level. Therefore, the goal of this pa

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Cerna, Christina M. "The Nicolas Maduro Regime (O.A.S.)." International Legal Materials 59, no. 2 (2020): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2020.13.

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On September 11, 2019, twelve states parties invoked the Inter-American Treaty on Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR), because they considered the crisis in Venezuela to have a destabilizing impact on the peace and security of the hemisphere. Venezuela was one of the twelve, voting in favor; this was because, on April 9, 2019, the Organization of American States (OAS) formally recognized Juan Guaido's representative, Gustavo Tarre, in lieu of Nicolas Maduro's Ambassador. At the OAS General Assembly in June, Tarre's appointment was approved in a much contested and heated session. The OAS has thirty-fi

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Torres, Douglas. "Cyber security and cyber defense for Venezuela: an approach from the Soft Systems Methodology." Complex & Intelligent Systems 4, no. 3 (2018): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40747-018-0068-x.

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Sánchez, Fabio, and Alejandro Cardozo. "Colombian Foreign Policy and Public Opinion in Electoral Campaigns." Araucaria, no. 56 (2024): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2024.i56.05.

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What is the relationship between foreign policy, electoral campaigns, and public opinion? This work analyzes the electoral campaigns in Colombia in 2018 (Iván Duque) and 2022 (Gustavo Petro). The profiles of the candidates and their programmatic agendas are analyzed, identifying the continuity of issues associated with peace, security, borders, and the complex relationship with Venezuela. Despite the above, there was a turn to the left that shows changes in the preferences of Colombian public opinion.

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Olkuski, Tadeusz, Adam Szurlej, Barbara Tora, and Miłosz Karpiński. "Polish energy security in the oil sector." E3S Web of Conferences 108 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910802015.

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Almost all crude oil used in Poland is imported. The domestic production meets less than 4% of needs; therefore, to ensure the security of supplies, Poland relies heavily on imports. It is worth mentioning, however, that Poland has crude oil resources oil fields are located in the Carpathians, Polish Lowlands, and in the economic zone of the Baltic Sea. For years, crude oil is imported mainly from the East, however, a significant change in this approach, leading to an increase in seaborne oil supplies, has been observed in recent years. In 2017, 77.3% of crude oil was imported from Russia, whi

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Briceno-Rosas, Roberto, and Roberto Briceno-Leon. "The Legitimacy of the 'Colectivos' and the Police in Venezuela: A Comparative Public Opinion Study." ESPACIO ABIERTO. Cuaderno Venezolano de Sociología. Facultad de Humanidades y Educación. Universidad del Zulia 32, no. 2 (2023): 55–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075145.

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The so-called ‘Colectivos’ are one of the most prominent and controversial non-state armed groups in Venezuela. This study aims to compare the legitimacy of Colectivos against the level of support for the police, as state armed forces, using data from a survey of a nationally representative sample of public opinion conducted in 2021. For this purpose, data from 1,200 survey respondents is analyzed considering individual-level variables such as gender, education, work status, and political alignment, as well as contextual variables of the respondents, such as state of residence and

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Mogunova, M. M., and O. A. Shut. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN LEGAL REGULATION OF THE USE OF CRYPTOCURRENCY AS A MEANS OF PAYMENT." Vestnik of M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, no. 1 (61) (April 26, 2024): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.54596/2958-0048-2024-1-93-100.

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This article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in the legal regulation of cryptocurrencies, comparing their status by studying the experience of countries such as China, India, Japan, Venezuela. Cryptocurrencies have seriously affected the world since their appearance. States reacted differently to their appearance. Countries such as India or China, having banned them at the legislative level, have come to the gradual adoption and attempts to create their own, state-owned cryptocurrency. Venezuela, making an attempt to keep up with the times, has provided a project of its own, stat

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Zeiler, Thomas W. "Kennedy, Oil Imports, and the Fair Trade Doctrine." Business History Review 64, no. 2 (1990): 286–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115584.

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In his efforts to secure passage of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, John F. Kennedy had to placate not only oil and coal interests at home, but also traditional trade partners like Venezuela abroad, and he also had to foster the broad national security aim of retaining domestic oil reserves. This article argues that Kennedy was able to utilize a fair trade doctrine to gain enactment of legislation that would both lower trade barriers and assist domestic producers hurt by increased imports.

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Carlson, Alexandra. "The Story of Carora: The Origins of El Sistema." International Journal of Music Education 34, no. 1 (2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761415617926.

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Venezuela’s youth symphony program, the Fundación Musical Simón Bolívar, commonly referred to as “El Sistema,” combines musical achievement with learning important life skills through orchestral practice and performance. Although the history most commonly reported outside Venezuela is of the program’s director, José Antonio Abreu, hosting a rehearsal of music students in a Caracan parking lot in 1975, El Sistema’s origins are equally owed to another orchestra. That same year, arts advocate Juan Martínez founded Venezuela’s first children’s orchestra in the Venezuelan city of Carora alongside t

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Manjarrés, Ramos Elízabeth. "Migración y asociacionismo: el caso de los jubilados y pensionados de Venezuela en España." Analysis. Claves de Pensamiento Contemporáneo 26, no. 10 (2020): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4308832.

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Aunque el colectivo de la tercera edad es uno de los menos propensos a los procesos migratorios, la migración a España de adultos mayores de 65 años provenientes de Venezuela se ha incrementado notoriamente a partir del año 2014. Teniendo ello en consideración, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer y caracterizar la diáspora de adultos mayores de 65 años que migran de Venezuela a España, conocer los problemas económicos que en materia de pensiones y jubilaciones enfrenta este colectivo, y vincular este flujo migratorio con el

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Gan, Natalia. "Rule of law crisis , militarization of citizen security, and effects on human rights in Venezuela." European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, no. 109 (May 13, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10577.

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Granzotto, Eduardo, Marcelo Bauer Pertille, and Thais Silveira Pertille. "PRECEDENCE OF UN BODIES IN MATTER OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY." Revista Contemporânea 3, no. 8 (2023): 11979–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.56083/rcv3n8-112.

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This article aims to analyze the legal aspects of the relationship between the General Assembly and the Security Council in matters of international peace and security. Through a literature review, it is argued that the relationship between the two bodies has been problematic due to the weak legal framework provided by the UN Charter, which provides for overlapping functions and does not define anybody as an arbitrator to resolve conflicts of competence. In addition, attempts to coordinate work between them have generally been ineffective, as there are no regular and permanent bases of contact

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Martínez, Gustavo, Barlin O. Olivares, Juan Carlos Rey, et al. "The Advance of Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4 in Musaceae of Latin America and the Caribbean: Current Situation." Pathogens 12, no. 2 (2023): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020277.

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The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (syn. Fusarium odoratissimum) (Foc TR4) causes vascular wilt in Musaceae plants and is considered the most lethal for these crops. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), it was reported for the first time in Colombia (2019), later in Peru (2021), and recently declared in Venezuela (2023). This work aimed to analyze the evolution of Foc TR4 in Musaceae in LAC between 2018 and 2022. This perspective contains a selection of topics related to Foc TR4 in LAC that address and describe (i) the threat of Foc TR4 in LAC, (ii) a bibliometri

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Souza, Orlando Mattos Sparta de, Danielle Morais Bourguignon Sparta, and Leonardo de Andrade Alves. "Peacetime planning: the question of Venezuelan refugees in Brazil." Monções: Revista de Relações Internacionais da UFGD 10, no. 20 (2021): 192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v10i20.14690.

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Venezuela suffers severe economic and political crisis that affect the population across the socio-economic spectrum. The crisis has led to immeasurable consequences, such as the intense migratory flow to neighboring countries, including Brazil. A lack of infrastructure necessary to absorb the number of refugees in the welcoming cities in the state of Roraima, in Brazil, has caused problems for the Brazilians themselves. Increased refugees require effective government action to conduct planning of migratoryissues during peacetime, and not just in the wake of or during a crisis. The aim of this

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Lima Pereira Rodrigues, Ciro, Francisco Xavier Medeiros de Castro, and Ranier Nunes da Silva. "A ATUAÇÃO DA FORÇA INTEGRADA DE COMBATE AO CRIME ORGANIZADO EM RORAIMA (FICCO-RR) SOB A ÓTICA DO CICLO DE GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO (KMC)." Revista Científica da Polícia Militar de Mato Grosso do Sul - RevPMMS 2, no. 1 (2025): 162–81. https://doi.org/10.62927/revpmms.v2i1.81.

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This article aims to analyze, from the point of view of knowledge management, the work carried out by the Integrated Force to Combat Organized Crime in Roraima (FICCO-RR), a task force composed of public security organizations that work together in the combating organized crime, on the triple border Brazil-Venezuela-Guyana. The main objective is to verify whether the actions foreseen in the Work Plan that established the beginning of the task force can be framed within the seven phases of the Knowledge Management Cycle (KMC) model proposed by Evans, Dalkir and Bidian (2014). Methodologically,

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Medeiros Filho, Oscar. "A South American Defence Structure: Problems and Prospects." Contexto Internacional 39, no. 3 (2017): 673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017390300011.

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Abstract This article discusses the process of building a South American defence architecture over the past two decades, culminating in the formation of the South American Defence Council (Consejo de Defensa Suramericano, or CDS). It discusses the main proposals for a regional security mechanism, primarily made by Brazil and Venezuela, analyses the debates around them, and characterises them as different models of regionalism, namely a pluralistic and amalgamated model. I argue that the differences between these models, and the different agendas underpinning them, constitute obstacles to the p

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Pramendorfer, Elisabeth. "The Role of the Human Rights Council in Implementing the Responsibility to Protect." Global Responsibility to Protect 12, no. 3 (2020): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-984x-20200004.

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Over the past fifteen years since the adoption of the Responsibility to Protect, all eyes have been on the UN Security Council and its ability to respond to situations at imminent risk of, or experiencing, atrocity crimes. To the contrary, little attention has been given to the Geneva-based Human Rights Council (hrc) and its procedures and mechanisms. This is interesting considering that the hrc has responded to emerging and protracted atrocity situations around the world, often at times when the Security Council remained silent. hrc response to atrocities in Myanmar, Venezuela, and elsewhere

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Wordliczek, Rafał. "Defense of Human Rights and the Humanitarian Crisis at the Border of Venezuela and Colombia from the United States Policy Perspective." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 18, no. 2 (2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.2049.

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The aim of the article is to present the U.S. policy towards the situation on the border between Venezuela and Colombia in recent years. The main reason for the U.S. involvement was the humanitarian crisis in that area. The causes of the migrant crisis include the Maduro regime’s curtailment of democracy, the sharp drop in oil prices and demand on international markets, and the popular revolt. One of the consequences, besides the obvious, humanitarian ones, unfavorable from the perspective of international security and U.S. interests, is the attempt to destabilize the situation in Colombia and

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Padrón López, Gladys Aracelys, and Román Augusto Marriaga Zarate. "Inteligencia emocional y liderazgo en entidades farmacéuticas venezolanas." Telos: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales 27, no. 2 (2025): 605–22. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos272.12.

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Organizations in Venezuela have been affected in the last century by socioeconomic factors, causing unstable environments, thus facing great challenges in the management of human talent; That is why it is necessary for organizations to have emotionally intelligent people capable of leading them to success. The objective of this article is to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership in the pharmaceutical sector; For which a research was carried out under the quantitative paradigm, of descriptive type and level, with a field study model and non-experimental, descr

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Correa-Salazar, Catalina, Kathleen Page, and Ana Martínez-Donate. "The Migration Risk Environment: Challenges to Human Security for Venezuelan Migrant and Refugee Women and Girls Pre- and Post-Migration to Colombia." Journal on Migration and Human Security 11, no. 2 (2023): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024231162356.

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The Venezuelan crisis has unleashed multiple forms of sociopolitical violence against its population and created a context of unmet needs, insecurity, and human rights violations. Outward migration caused by this situation has been linked to health emergencies in neighboring countries. Venezuelan migrant and refugee women and girls (VMRWG) are among the most affected. We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative and Participatory Action Research (PAR) project to characterize the risk environments for VMRWG across migration phases, analyzing pre-departure, transit, border crossing, and resettleme

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Kick, Edward L., Francesco Tiezzi, and Diego Castedo Pena. "Food Production or Food Distribution: The Key to Global Food Security?" Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 16, no. 6 (2017): 666–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341455.

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Abstract Major world agencies have identified a serious contemporary food insecurity problem, and sound even louder alarms that by the year 2050 around one billion people will be “food insecure.” The solution proposed by the World Bank in a 2012 Report is that the world grow significantly more food. Eyes certainly are on the us to remediate this problem by growing more livestock. Is “more food” the answer? This study uses World Bank data and path/structural equation modeling to determine the veracity of this position versus another. It is counter argued that food distribution and waste prevent

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Marcano Salazar, Luis Manuel. "Human Security of Displaced Persons from Venezuela in Chile in the Face of the Regional Crisis and COVID-19." Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales 12 (June 3, 2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/al.2021.12.87-101.

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