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Mastapeter, Craig W. "The instruments of national power achieving the strategic advantage in a changing world /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FMastapeter.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 277-300). Also available in print.
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Kaňok, Dalibor. "Řízení úvěrového rizika v nadnárodní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12186.
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Thesis is providing an overview of available theoretical and practical piece of knowledge related to Credit risk management in a non-banking international organization. It focuses on international aspects of the business, underlying risk, its determination and mitigation. Described methods are then applied to real-life risk assessment of particular customer.
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Charney, Sean S. "The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 a case study of the tailored use of instruments of national power /." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490816.
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Bačanji, Željko. "Bankovní garanční produkty." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4819.
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In first chapter this work describes security instruments which banks offer to their clients. In second chapter it deals with state credit support, and security instruments in it, and also compares the situation in Czech republic with the situation in a few ex-Yugoslavian republics. In the last chapter work points at possibilities of short term export financing.
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Swart, Katherine. "The mining legacy in South Africa - a superfund sized problem or a trust fund baby? a critical analysis of the market-based instruments applicable to mining, with specific focus on financial security mechanisms and suggestions for a new approach." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4494.
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Daud, Samira dos Santos. "O direito à moradia adequada através dos instrumentos urbanísticos de regularização fundiária, a partir da Lei nº 11.977/2009." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4363.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis study aims to analyze the right to adequate housing, through the urban instruments of land regularization of social interest, such as the urban demarcation, the legitimacy of ownership and administrative adverse possession, created by Law No. 11,977 / 2009, as a way extrajudicial solution of urban land conflicts. This is on the problem of illegal occupation of land in cities, irregular, illegal and illegal settlements and the lack of legal regulation of ownership, rapid urbanization in this context that prevents the exercise of the right to adequate housing. The problem stems from the rapid and unplanned growth of cities, from the beginning of the industrialization process, with the rural exodus that, to meet the intense labor recruitment, fostered the cluttered appearance of settlements without housing in large cities . The development and expansion of cities in Brazil occurred without any control or predetermined orientation, despite being the municipality the legal entity of public law responsible for the use and occupation of land, as advocated in the articles 182 and 183 of the Federal Constitution, which establish the guidelines of the national urban policy. The 1988 Constitution, in Article 1, has among the reasons the dignity of the human person, the social values of work and free enterprise, and has the fundamental right of item XXII of Article 5, the right to property, corollary of the right to free enterprise, which should meet the social function. As the housing is directly related to the dignity of the human person, the Constitution busied grant ownership to those using urban property to house his and his family, in accordance with art. 183, requiring the property an obligation to fulfill a social purpose, especially for citizens of lower economic potential, so that both the Constitution and the laws aimed infra grant these citizens the right to housing, even without property, and a second time, consolidate both rights, housing and property through legal and administrative instruments in favor of the citizen. Search will be conceptualizing the possession and ownership, as well as housing, housing in this context the right to the city and the urbanization process, and identify the objectives and purposes of land tenure in Brazil, mainly from the Law No. 11,977 / 2009 with the changes introduced by Law No. 12,424 / 2011, analyzing the urban instruments of urban land regularization of social interest created with the new legislation, to ensure effectiveness of the fundamental right to housing, showing up mainly that administrative prescription is one way of consolidating these rights.
O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o direito à moradia adequada, através dos instrumentos urbanísticos de regularização fundiária de interesse social, a exemplo da demarcação urbanística, da legitimação da posse e da usucapião administrativa, criados pela Lei nº 11.977/2009, como forma de solução extrajudicial de conflitos fundiários urbanos. Parte-se do problema da ocupação irregular de terras nas cidades, dos loteamentos irregulares, ilegais e clandestinos e da falta de regularização jurídica da posse, neste contexto urbanização desenfreada que impede o exercício do direito à moradia adequada. O problema tem origem no crescimento acelerado e desordenado das cidades, a partir do início do processo de industrialização, com o êxodo rural que, visando atender ao intenso recrutamento de mão de obra, fomentou o surgimento desordenado de assentamentos sem condições de habitação nas grandes cidades. O desenvolvimento e a expansão das cidades no Brasil ocorreram sem qualquer controle ou orientação predeterminada, em que pese ser o Município a pessoa jurídica de direito público interno responsável pelo uso e ocupação do solo, conforme preconizam os artigos 182 e 183 da Constituição Federal, que estabelecem as diretrizes da política urbana nacional. A Carta Magna de 1988, em seu artigo 1º, tem entre os seus fundamentos a dignidade da pessoa humana, os valores sociais do trabalho e da livre iniciativa, e tem por direito fundamental, no inciso XXII do artigo 5º, o direito à propriedade, corolário do direito à livre iniciativa, que deverá atender à função social. Como a moradia está diretamente relacionada com a dignidade da pessoa humana, a Constituição se ocupou em outorgar a propriedade àqueles que utilizam imóvel urbano para moradia sua e de sua família, nos termos do art. 183, impondo à propriedade a obrigação de cumprir uma finalidade social, especialmente em favor dos cidadãos de menor potencial econômico, de modo que tanto a Constituição como as leis infraconstitucionais objetivaram outorgar a estes cidadãos o direito à moradia, mesmo sem propriedade e, num segundo momento, consolidar ambos os direitos, moradia e propriedade, através de instrumentos jurídicos e administrativos em favor do cidadão. Buscar-se-á conceituar a posse e a propriedade, bem como a moradia, habitação, neste contexto do direito à cidade e processo de urbanização, e identificar os objetivos e finalidades da regularização fundiária no Brasil, principalmente a partir da Lei nº 11.977/2009, com as alterações trazidas pela Lei nº 12.424/2011, analisando-se os instrumentos urbanísticos de regularização fundiária urbana de interesse social criados com a nova legislação, de forma a garantir efetividade do direito fundamental a moradia, demonstrando-se, principalmente, que a usucapião administrativa é uma das formas de consolidação desses direitos.
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Požárek, Karel. "Směnka jako zajišťovací institut." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16371.
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This thesis focuses on the application of bill of exchange as a security for a debt and tries to give an extensive review of a judicature, relevant to this theme. First part of the thesis is providing information about essentials of bill of exchange. The thesis body offers the view on issue, acceptance, co acceptance, transfer of a bill of exchange and claiming the creditor's rights. In conclusion the thesis compares various ways of recovery of creditor's claims.
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Riegler, Volkmar. "Asset Backed Securities : Instrument zur Kreditrisikosteuerung in österreichischen Regionalbanken? /." Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/390675792.pdf.
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Zittová, Lenka. "Bankovní záruky v mezinárodním obchodu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193847.
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Diploma thesis describes possibilities of securing selected risks using bank guarantee instrument, which is used primarily in international trade. The goal is to analyze securing of commercial and territorial risks using bank guarantees, characterize different types of bank guarantees and possibilities of using them on international markets. The first chapter presents risks in international trade and the most common methods of securing - documentary letters of credit, documentary collections, promissory notes, standby letter of credit. The second chapter is devoted to product bank guarantee, introduces types of bank guarantees, exposure process and methods of use. The third chapter presents the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG). The practical part explores the usage of bank guarantees in selected countries (Germany, Russia, USA, China, India) and describes different approach to this product. Thesis has to help readers quickly find their way in a relatively complicated topic of bank guarantees, especially in case of trading on international market. The last part can help in case of trading with specific countries.
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de, Haas Marcel. "Moskaus nützliches Instrument? : Russland und die Shanghai-Gruppe." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5004/.
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Russland sieht in der Shanghai-Gruppe ein wichtiges außen- und sicherheitspolitisches Instrument. Damit sollen sowohl das internationale Profil verbessert als auch militärische Interessen (Waffenexporte) umgesetzt werden. Obwohl sich das Verhältnis zu China deutlich verbesserte, ist es russisches Interesse, mittels der SCO Chinas Einfluss in Zentralasien zu begrenzen. Angesichts der strategischen Differenzen zwischen Moskau und Peking stellt sich das Problem des möglichen Bruchs der Shanghai-Gruppe.
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SCHOTTZ, Vanessa. "Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE): controv?rsias sobre os instrumentos de compra de alimentos produzidos pela agricultura familiar." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2375.
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Since 2003, the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) has been going through changes that involve the reformulation of its goals, principles and guidelines, as well as its operational design from the intersectoral perspective of Food and Nutritional Security (FNS). The legal framework for the program, endorsed in 2009, aims to establish a link between the supply of healthy food in the school, the educational process of learning and family-based agriculture, recognizing school meals as a human right. In accordance with some principles of FNS, innovations in the operating mode of the program are being introduced, principally with respect to the dynamics of public acquisition of food, by making the allocation of at least 30% of the funds for the direct purchase of products of family-based agriculture a compulsory measure, with exemption from public bids. This thesis proposes to analyze PNAE's historical trajectory and recent reformulation from an angle yet not much explored in public policies analysis: its instruments. It aimed to understand, based on an approach that focuses on the Instrumentation of Public Action (IAP), the following questions: i) how the choosing process of instruments to operationalize food acquisition from family-based agriculture took place; ii) which principles from FNS Security were incorporated to the instruments; iii) which actors participated on the process and which interaction were established between them; iv) which public controversies were present. The study has pointed out that that the context of strengthening of the dynamics of social-estate interfaces and the greater permeability of the Estate to public policies reorientation proposals in the light of FNS's principles has created opportunities for actors coalitions (governmental mand non-governmental) that were linked to the defense of FNS causes and family-based agriculture to articulate themselves around that new legal framework. There was an effort both to reorient the guidelines of PNAE and to participate on the choosing of instruments by these actors. The introduction of new acquisition mechanisms in the PNAE involved the conformation of new field of controversies, because the changes affect the interface between public and market action. The mapping process done within the PNAE Managing Committee and Advisory Group (formal spaces aiming at the program's regulaion) has pointed out that the main controversies revolved around the following questions: i) the choosing of the operationalization modality to purchase from family-base agriculture; ii) the adoption of selection criteria bounded to the guidelines of PNAE substituting the purchasing processes that were linked to low-prices; iii) the definition of the price methodology; iv) the definition of a selling limit in a year; v) the connection between the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the PNAE. When we investigate the ...
Desde 2003, o Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE) vem passando por mudan?as que envolvem a reformula??o de seus objetivos, princ?pios e diretrizes e desenho operacional a partir da perspectiva intersetorial de Seguran?a Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). O marco legal do Programa, aprovado em 2009, estabelece um elo entre a oferta de alimentos saud?veis na escola, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e a agricultura familiar, reconhecendo a alimenta??o escolar como um direito humano. Em conson?ncia com alguns princ?pios de SAN, foram introduzidas inova??es no modus operandi do programa, principalmente no que se refere ?s din?micas de aquisi??o p?blicas de alimentos, ao tornar obrigat?ria a destina??o de no m?nimo trinta por cento dos recursos para a compra direta da agricultura familiar, com dispensa de licita??o. Essa tese se prop?s a analisar a trajet?ria hist?rica e o processo recente de reformula??o do PNAE a partir de um ?ngulo ainda pouco explorado nas an?lises de pol?ticas p?blicas, os seus instrumentos. Buscou-se compreender, a partir da abordagem da Instrumenta??o da A??o P?blica (IAP), as seguintes quest?es: i) como se sucedeu a escolha dos instrumentos para operacionalizar a aquisi??o de alimentos da agricultura familiar; ii) quais foram os princ?pios de SAN incorporados aos instrumentos; iii) quais foram os atores que incidiram sobre esse processo e quais as din?micas de intera??o estabelecidas entre eles; iv) que controv?rsias estiveram presentes. O estudo apontou que o contexto de fortalecimento das interfaces socioestatais e de maior permeabilidade do Estado ? reorienta??o das pol?ticas p?blicas, ? luz dos princ?pios de SAN, criou oportunidades para que coaliz?es de atores (governamentais e n?o governamentais), vinculados ? defesa das causas da SAN e da agricultura familiar, se articulassem em torno desse novo marco legal. Houve, por parte destes atores, tanto um esfor?o por reorientar as diretrizes do PNAE, quanto por incidir sobre a escolha dos instrumentos. A introdu??o de novos mecanismos de compra no ?mbito do PNAE envolveu a conforma??o de um campo de controv?rsias, j? que as mudan?as incidem na interface entre a a??o p?blica e um mercado bem estabilizado. O mapeamento efetuado no ?mbito do Comit? Gestor e do Grupo Consultivo do PNAE (espa?os formais voltados para a regulamenta??o do programa) apontou que as principais controv?rsias giraram em torno das seguintes quest?es: i) a escolha da modalidade de operacionaliza??o de compra da agricultura familiar; ii) a ado??o de crit?rios de sele??o vinculados ?s diretrizes do PNAE em substitui??o ? compra pelo menor pre?o; iii) a defini??o da metodologia de pre?os; iv) o estabelecimento do limite de venda por ano; v) a conex?o entre o Programa de Aquisi??o de Alimentos (PAA) e o PNAE. Ao colocar uma lente sobre a instrumenta??o, buscamos evidenciar que as din?micas associadas ? constru??o desses dispositivos s?o t?o importantes quanto os princ?pios e os objetivos que orientam as pol?ticas p?blicas, particularmente quando se trata de abordagens inovadoras e de car?ter intersetorial como a SAN.
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Nesbitt, Ian Russell. "The instrument-element model : a grand-strategic model for war /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FNesbitt.pdf.
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Crossler, Robert E. "Protection Motivation Theory: Understanding the Determinants of Individual Security Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37511.
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Individuals are considered the weakest link when it comes to securing a personal computer system. All the technological solutions can be in place, but if individuals do not make appropriate security protection decisions they introduce holes that technological solutions cannot protect. This study investigates what personal characteristics influence differences in individual security behaviors, defined as behaviors to protect against security threats, by adapting Protection Motivation Theory into an information security context.
This study developed and validated an instrument to measure individual security behaviors. It then tested the differences in these behaviors using the security research model, which built from Protection Motivation Theory, and consisted of perceived security vulnerability, perceived security threat, security self-efficacy, response efficacy, and protection cost. Participants, representing a sample population of home computer users with ages ranging from 20 to 83, provided 279 valid responses to surveys. The behaviors studied include using anti-virus software, utilizing access controls, backing up data, changing passwords frequently, securing access to personal computers, running software updates, securing wireless networks, using care when storing credit card information, educating others in one's house about security behaviors, using caution when following links in emails, running spyware software, updating a computer's operating system, using firewalls, and using pop-up blocking software. Testing the security research model found different characteristics had different impacts depending on the behavior studied. Implications for information security researchers and practitioners are provided, along with ideas for future research.Ph. D.
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Latif, Dilek. "Peace Building After Humanitarian Intervention: The Case Of Bosnia And Herzegovina." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606504/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
PEACE BUILDING AFTER HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Latif, Dilek
Ph.D., Department of International Relations
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. ihsan D. Dagi
August 2005, 379 pages.
This dissertation analyzes peace building process after humanitarian intervention. It conceptualizes peace building through questioning the feasibility of peace building following a humanitarian intervention. Addressing the deficiency of contemporary peace building approach, this thesis indicates the shortcomings of the various instruments of peace building in contributing peace and reconciliation on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Besides, it shows the drawbacks of the current practice that peace building is a learning process, which employs the lessons learnt to advance the efficiency of peace building process.
There is a lack of comprehensive approach to peace building, based on case studies, evaluating the shortcomings and merits of all the instruments of peace building that provides a general strategy. Despite abundancy of policy oriented research to contribute policy making, academic work to analyze such a complicated phenomena has been frail. Within this context, contribution of the dissertation is to demonstrate the entire picture and question viability of the peace building process in war-torn societies. Therefore, it is enriching the study on the peace building operations.
Failure of institutionalization of peace in BiH after almost a decade of rigorous peace building efforts of the international community shows the fault of the mainstream understanding of peace building. The dissertation also unveils that engagement in Kosovo is the product of a similar strategy, which in practice either repeated the same fruitless methods or tried to build on the experience obtained in Bosnia but failed to heal up the troubles and challenges faced in Kosovo. Overall, the study points out the inevitability of a novel approach and an alternative peace building strategy beyond the policy-related focus.
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Bauersfeld, Tanja. "Gedeckte Instrumente zur Refinanzierung von Hypothekendarlehen : eine Analyse von Mortgage Covered Bonds und Mortgage Backed Securities in europäischen Ländern /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016232169&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Chonco, Thabile L. M. "An analysis of municipal regulation and management of markets as an instrument to facilitate access to food and enhance food security." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5160.
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Magister Legum - LLMThis paper seeks to answer the following question: how can municipalities manage and regulate markets in a manner that facilitates access to food and contributes to the enhancement of food security? In attempting to answer this question, the paper will also address the following questions: what does the term 'food security' mean? What does 'access to food' mean? What does the 'right to food' mean? What are the powers and functions of local government? What are the limits, problems or risks attached to the exercise of these powers? What constitutes 'markets' or 'fresh produce markets' in this case? What is the scope of local government's legislative and executive competence regarding food 'markets', as enumerated in Part B of Schedule 5 of the Constitution? And, how can municipalities utilise food markets as a means to facilitate access to food and address the issue of food security? This paper will focus primarily on fresh produce markets, as opposed to other markets or 'markets' in their entirety. This limitation is based on the argument that fresh produce markets are more relevant for the role of local government in facilitating access to food because they provide a platform for the sale and purchase of fresh produce, which is important for nutritional purposes. The argument presented in this thesis centres around the facilitation of access to food, by local government, through the regulation and management of markets. The paper will address the problem by examining the concepts of 'food security' and 'access to food' in the South African context, as well as in the international context. In examining the above concepts, the paper will also include the right to food. The paper will further look at how South Africa has responded to the issue of food security through its national food security policies. The paper will look at how local food markets are utilised internationally to facilitate access to food and thereafter, examine how food markets should be utilised to facilitate access to food in South Africa. Thereafter, an examination of the powers and functions of local government as entrenched in the Constitution will be provided, as well as the implications of such powers, the limitations and the problems attached to the exercise of local government powers. Lastly, the paper looks at local government's competence regarding food 'markets' in Schedule 5B of the Constitution, as well as the other competencies related to food/food security. Although local government has the scope to address the issue of food security by exercising its legislative and executive authority over the competence ‘markets’ as per Schedule 5B of the Constitution, this study does not focus solely on the management and regulation of 'markets'. The study extends and includes related competencies such as trade regulations, the licensing and control of undertakings that sell food to the public, municipal abattoirs, street trading and municipal health service, and shows how the links between these competencies provide local government with the opportunity to contribute to the enhancement of food security.
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Guimarães, Julia Henriques. "O financiamento da previdência social como instrumento de proteção ao meio ambiente do trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6573.
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-11The purpose of this paper is to discuss the extent to which the current tools for funding the social security may interfere with the prevention in the work environment by means of the extra-taxation attribute. Based on the study of the development of the fundamental rights and, in particular the social rights, this paper contextualizes where the social security and the guarantee of a healthy work environment are inserted. Following, by tracing the development of the social security in Brazil and in the world, it seeks defining how the social risk was formerly handled until the achievement of the tools used nowadays applying the concept of Social Security System provided for in the 1988 Federal Constitution. After that, the form of funding of the social security system is extensively analyzed for the social contributions, and specifically the social security contributions, to be categorized and for the legal system applicable to them to be defined. Subsequently, the funding tools used in the social security system, aimed at funding the benefits paid in the event of occupational diseases and accidents, are individually analyzed. Such list of tools comprises the Occupational Accident Insurance [Seguro contra Acidentes do Trabalho SAT], the additional SAT amount and the Accident Prevention Factor [Fator Acidentário de Prevenção FAP]. The actions for payment of reimbursement to the public treasury for social security expenses arising out of wrongdoings are also analyzed. Thus, we demonstrate that the development of the social security is closely related to the attribution of the extra-taxation characteristic to the social security contributions, given that such characteristic allows the use of the contributions as a tool to promote the protection of the work environment, uncovering the new posture the social security assumed to minimize social risks and, consequently, to stand up for the social rights
A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar em que medida as ferramentas atuais de custeio da previdência social podem interferir na prevenção do meio ambiente de trabalho, por meio do atributo da extrafiscalidade. Partindo do estudo da evolução dos direitos fundamentais e, especialmente, dos direitos sociais, este trabalho contextualiza onde está inserida a previdência social e a garantia do meio ambiente de trabalho saudável. Em seguida, pela análise do desenvolvimento da previdência social no Brasil e no mundo, busca-se a definição das formas anteriores de tratar o risco social até se chegar aos instrumentos utilizados nos dias atuais, conceituando-se o sistema de Seguridade Social previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988. Adiante, merece exame aprofundado a forma de financiamento do sistema de seguridade social, para caracterização das contribuições sociais e, especialmente das contribuições previdenciárias, definindo-se o regime jurídico a elas aplicável. A partir de então, analisa-se individualmente cada uma das ferramentas de financiamento utilizada pelo sistema de previdência social, as quais têm como objetivo o custeio dos benefícios pagos em razão da ocorrência de acidentes e doenças do trabalho. Estão inseridos, neste rol, o Seguro contra Acidentes do Trabalho - SAT, o adicional do SAT e o Fator Acidentário de Prevenção - FAP. Ainda, analisam-se as ações regressivas previdenciárias, que objetivam o ressarcimento dos cofres públicos das despesas previdenciárias determinadas pela ocorrência de atos ilícitos. Ao final, demonstra-se que a evolução da previdência social está estreitamente relacionada com a atribuição do caráter extrafiscal às contribuições previdenciárias, tendo em vista que essa característica permite que as contribuições sejam usadas como ferramentas de incentivo à proteção do meio ambiente de trabalho, revelando a nova postura ativa da previdência social em minimizar os riscos sociais e, portanto, efetivar os direitos sociais
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Šutová, Martina. "Rozvojová politika jako nástroj vnější politiky EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-116315.
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External policy of the European Union as it is defined by the Lisbon Treaty incorporates, among others, the development cooperation policy and the Common foreign and security policy. Development assistance, as a shared policy, represents a traditional form of cooperation between the Union and the developing countries and as such works as a mean to promote the objectives of its external policy. On the other hand the Common foreign and security policy was established by the Maastricht Treaty and until today the decisions made depend on the will of the Member states. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how the European Union uses the development cooperation to achieve the objectives of its external policy and to demonstrate, that using the means of the Common foreign and security policy is essential as well. To do this, the thesis will study the African Great Lakes region in particular.
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Schönig, Annette. "Öffentlich-rechtliche Instrumente der Qualitätssicherung im stationären Sektor : der Umgang des SGB V mit medizinischen Verfahren und Kategorien am Beispiel der externen vergleichenden Qualitätssicherung /." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verl.-Ges, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016780159&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Cadier, Marcus. "Illegitimate Principles of Exclusion? : The Debate on Denationalization as an Instrument for Counter-terrorism in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-375210.
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The issue of citizenship deprivation has become an increasingly relevant topic in the struggle against terrorism. It is related to different conceptions of citizenship as well as the question of what is at stake in the process of depriving individuals of it. In the United Kingdom three acts have been passed in the 21st century so far that has reduced the requirements needed for the to deprive individuals of their citizenship and also to render individuals stateless. This thesis systematises the arguments made in the academic and political debates related to these acts and evaluates their legitimacy in relation to different normative standpoints. The main conclusion regards a logical inconsistency in the differentiation of two types of British citizenship, one where individuals have naturalised, the other where they are native born Britons, the latter may not under British law be rendered stateless while the former can be, although both have the status of citizen, which becomes problematic in terms of equality before the law and equal rights.
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Brooks, Alison Suzanne. "Development of an East Tennessee Tri-County Community Food Assessment Instrument to Aid in the Construction and Implementation of a Working Food Model." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/997.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the needs and relationships of high-risk community members in Cocke County Tennessee to food sources. Cocke County was chosen as the representative county in this pilot study due its high percentage of residents living at or below the poverty level, which can lead to hunger and food insecurities. A community food assessment was conducted among residents participating in a commodities disbursement program in Cocke County. Two hundred seven individuals participated in this survey. The results of the surveys were posted and analyzed using an online statistical analysis software program. With the needs of the Cocke County community identified, steps will be taken to implement a plan of action and the results from this study will also be used as a model to identify needs in both Greene and Hancock counties as well as other counties in the Northeast Tennessee region.
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Ahl, Gullan. "Reliabilitets- och validitetstestning av ADL-instrument RAINBOW - ett teamdokument." Thesis, Högskolan i Örebro, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54256.
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Ett nytt instrument utvecklades från Katz´ ADL-index, vilket visat sig vara ett allt för grovt instrument, för att kartlägga patientens aktivitetsförmåga och självständighetsutveckling. Bedömningsinstrumentet innehåller patientdata samt kategori-index och kom att kallas RAINBOW på grund av att instrumentet är i fyrfärgstryck. En kontroll av det nykonstruerade team-instrumentet utfördes i syfte att mäta dess tillförlitlighet. Mellanbedömar reliabilitet mellan oberoende bedömare har prövats. Validiteten har analyserats på 4 patienter ur materialet och jämförts med Katz´ ADl-index. Studien, som bestod av parvisa oberoende bedömningar, utfördes av sjuksköterskor, sjukgymnaster och arbetsterapeuter. 40 patienter deltog i studien. Delaktivitetsbedömningarna uppgick till 950 och innehöll 36 avvikelser. Resultaten visade på 96 % samstämmighet i bedömningarna. Den kvalitativa analysen visade, i jämförelse med Katz´ ADL-index, att RAINBOW kategori-index gav utförligare information om patientens självständighetsnivå samt hjälpbehov. I denna studie bedömdes endast strokepatienter, men då begreppen som ingår i instrumentet kan anses allmängiltiga, torde det även kunna användas på andra diagnosgrupper. En gemensam rehabiliteringsterminologi gav teamarbetet en ökad kvalitet gällande bedömning, planering samt utvärdering av den enskilde patientens aktivitetsförmåga.Uppsatsarbete omfattande 10 poäng, C-nivå, inom ramen för arbetsterapeutprogrammet 120 p., Högskolan i Örebro, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och omsorg. Författarens namn i uppsatsen är Gull-Britt Johansson.
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Abreu, Dimitri Brandi de. "A previdência social como instrumento de intervenção do Estado Brasileiro na economia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-26082016-141751/.
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A presente tese trata da Previdência Social como instrumento de intervenção do Estado brasileiro na economia. Voltada ao direito econômico, apresenta à ciência do direito conhecimentos interdisciplinares a respeito das relações de trabalho e produção no Brasil, visando compreender as instituições jurídicas previdenciárias. Discute a economia capitalista, o Estado de Bem-Estar Social, seus diferentes modelos e os efeitos deste sobre a economia: desmercantilização da proteção social, estratificação da sociedade e redistribuição de renda. Critica o arcabouço jurídico do Estado liberal, fundado nos conceitos de direito subjetivo e relação jurídica que, ao reproduzirem a forma mercadoria, conceito da teoria marxista, mostram-se insuficientes para a compreensão dos direitos sociais. Apresenta o quadro normativo atual da Previdência Social Brasileira, bem como sua evolução legislativa e sua história econômica. O orçamento da seguridade social, tal qual desenhado na Constituição, é aspecto central do debate sobre o gasto público previdenciário e serve como instrumento da política econômica, por meio de institutos semelhantes à atual Desvinculação das Receitas da União DRU e manipulação dos índices de correção monetária aplicáveis aos benefícios, que foram utilizados para estabilizar a moeda e reduzir o déficit público. Fixados esses conceitos iniciais, o trabalho passa a discutir os efeitos da previdência brasileira sobre a economia. Aborda-se a solidariedade e a desmercantilização da proteção social, com ênfase nas relações de custeio, em especial a tributação da folha de pagamentos e o Seguro de Acidentes de Trabalho, cuja disciplina legal tornou-se das mais interessantes após a criação do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção FAP, e no pagamento de benefícios, em que se discute o salário-família, o fator previdenciário e a desaposentação. Sobre a estratificação social causada e reforçada pela previdência, trata-se da economia informal, as relações de terceirização e o trabalho doméstico. É identificada a estreita relação entre atividade econômica, as formas de custeio e o direito a benefícios. Por fim, é analisada a eficácia da previdência como instrumento de redistribuição de renda para redução das desigualdades sociais, com apresentação de estudos empíricos, discussão teórica e análise das normas jurídicas, bem como análise específica da previdência rural no Brasil, tendo em vista suas particularidades e as relações de trabalho e produção no campo.This thesis discusses the pensions in social security system as an instrument for economic State interventions. Focused on economic law, this work introduces to jurisprudence some interdisciplinary knowledge about labor and manufacturing relations in Brazil, aiming to understand the social security legal institutions. It discusses capitalism, the welfare state, its different models and its effects on the economy: de-commodification of social protection, stratification of society and redistribution of incomes. It also criticizes the legal framework of liberal state, founded on the concepts of right and legal relationships, that reproduce the commodity form, concept of Marxist theory, and seems to be insufficient for a complete understanding of social rights. It displays the current framework of Brazilian Social Welfare, as well as its legislative developments and its economic history. The social security budget, as is outlined in the Constitution, is central to discussions on pension public spending and serves as an instrument of economic policy. Set these initial concepts, the work discuss the effects of pensions on Brazilian economy. It deals with the solidarity principle and de-commodification of social protection, with an emphasis on the taxation of payroll and employers\' liability insurance, whose legal discipline has become more interesting, and the payment of benefits to the retired. On social stratification caused and reinforced by social security, it analyzes the informal economy, outsourcing relationships and housework. It identified the close relationships between economic activity, forms of taxation and the right to benefits. Finally, it analyzes the effectiveness of the social security as redistributive tool to reduce social inequalities, with the presentation of empirical studies, theoretical discussion and analysis of legal acts, as well as specific analysis of rural social security in Brazil, given their specificities and labor relations and production in rural capitalism.
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Alzaabi, Ali. "Le Conseil de Coopération du Golfe (CCG), Instrument de la Politique de Sécurité dans la Région du Golfe : Enjeux et Risques (1981-2008)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040025.
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La région du Golfe comprend trois grandes puissances : l'Arabie Saoudite, l'Iran, l'Irak, et des pays plus modestes comme le Bahreïn, le Koweït, le Qatar, les Émirats Arabes Unis et le Sultanat d’Oman. La région du Golfe, plus grande concentration de gisements pétroliers au monde, représente non seulement une réserve stratégique pour le raffinage et l’approvisionnement en pétrole, mais aussi une zone d’extraction à long terme de gaz naturel.Les problèmes économiques et le manque de libertés font surgir la question de la légitimité des dirigeants des pays de la région du Golfe. Les organismes institutionnels, à l’instar des parlements, rencontrent des difficultés à exercer leurs missions et voient leur marge de manœuvre limitée par le pouvoir exécutif. La recherche d’une solution simple mais réaliste, eu égard au système actuel, doit être centrée sur l’identification des défis à relever pour assurer une stabilité régionale en tenant compte, évidemment, du contexte internationalThe Gulf region has three major powers: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and smaller countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE and the Sultanate of Oman. The Gulf region, greater concentration of oil reserves in the world, represents not only a strategic reserve for the refining and oil supplies, but also an area of long-term extraction of natural gas.Economic problems and lack of freedoms are raised the question of the legitimacy of leaders of countries in the Gulf region. Institutional bodies, like parliaments, faced difficulties in exercising their duties and see their limited discretion by the executive. Looking for a simple but realistic, given the current system should focus on identifying challenges to ensure regional stability, taking account, of course, the international context
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Lamb, Jennifer Nicole. "Food Security and Social Networks: Impacts for Smallholder Farmers in the Mount Elgon Region of Kenya and Uganda." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35634.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between smallholder farm household networks for food acquisition and agricultural production, food security and dietary quality in the Mount Elgon region of western Kenya and eastern Uganda. Food security and dietary quality were measured through calorie consumption of the female household head in a 24 hour dietary recall, the calculation the World Food Program Food Consumption Score (WFP FCS), and the calculation of the percentage of energy sourced from staples in the diet. Correlations between these indicators support that the WFP FCS is capturing elements of both sufficiency and quality of diet. Subsequent application of Ordinary Least Squares regression determines that both food acquisition networks and technology networks for agricultural production have a statistically significant positive impact upon calorie procurement across the sites included in the study. However, networks for agricultural production appear to operate differently in different locations with regard to dietary quality. Interpretation of qualitative data gathered through interviews with agricultural service sector providers and focus groups regarding these local networks for agricultural production suggests that this might be due to differences in the types of crops promoted and attitudes held regarding food security and dietary quality prevalent in these different localities. Overall, the results suggest that both food acquisition networks and agricultural production networks are important avenues through which gains in food security may be realized. However, development efforts need to be mindful of the crops and attitudes promoted by these networks to secure gains in both caloric sufficiency and dietary quality.Master of Science
CCRA-8 (Technology Networks for Sustainable Innovation)
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Skvortsov, Artur. "Segurança Energética da Rússia Recursos Energéticos como Instrumento da Política Externa de Moscovo e as Consequências da Crise da Ucrânia." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20430.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em EstratégiaA presente dissertação elaborada no contexto do mestrado em Estratégia visa analisar a segurança energética da Rússia e compreender se a utilização de recursos energéticos por Moscovo tem resultado na fragilização de sua segurança energética (de procura), destacando a crise da Ucrânia de 2013 como o ponto catalisador. Deste modo, recorrendo ao uso de métodos qualitativo e indutivo, iniciamos a investigação pela introdução do tema e sua relação com a Estratégia. De seguida abordamos a segurança energética, elaborando sobre o conceito e introduzindo os termos de segurança da oferta e da procura. Introduz-se também a problematização do caso russo, procurando compreender a relação entre os recursos energéticos russos, a sua utilização como arma política e a sua relação com a Estratégia nacional russa. Por fim, procura-se averiguar o impacto da crise da Ucrânia de 2013 para a segurança energética da Rússia e as suas repercussões. No quadro de uma conjuntura internacional desfavorável e à luz da investigação elaborada, concluímos que a Rússia viu a sua segurança energética fragilizada logo após os acontecimentos da crise da Ucrânia de 2013. Em face das sanções do Ocidente e com o objetivo de preservar o seu poder na ordem mundial e desafiar a supremacia americana, as medidas tomadas por Moscovo foram a aposta na reaproximação à China e a tentativa de segurar a influência sobre o mercado energético europeu através de parcerias com a Turquia e a Alemanha.
The present dissertation elaborated in the context of the Master's Degree in Strategy aims to analyze the energy security of Russia and understand if the use of energy resources by Moscow has resulted in the weakening of its energy security (of demand), highlighting the crisis of Ukraine in 2013 as the point catalyst. In this way, using qualitative and inductive methods, we started the investigation by introducing the theme and its relationship with the Strategy. Then we address energy security, elaborating on the concept and introducing the terms of security of supply and demand. The questioning of the Russian case is also introduced, seeking to understand the relationship between Russian energy resources, its use as a political weapon and its relationship with the Russian National Strategy. Finally, it seeks to ascertain the impact of the 2013 Ukraine crisis on Russia's energy security and its repercussions. In the context of an unfavorable international situation and in the light of the elaborated research, we conclude that Russia saw its energy security weakened shortly after the events of the Ukrainian crisis of 2013. In the face of sanctions from the West and in order to preserve its power in the world order and to challenge American supremacy, the measures taken by Moscow were the bet on the rapprochement with China and the attempt to maintain the influence on the European energy market through partnerships with Turkey and Germany.
N/A
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Morgan, Deanne. "Assessing Terrorist Cyber Threats: Engineering a Functional Construct." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799463/.
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Terrorist organizations and individuals make use of the Internet for supportive activities such as communication, recruiting, financing, training, and planning operations. However, little is known about the level of computer-based (“cyber”) threat such terrorist organizations and individuals pose. One step in facilitating the examination and assessment of the level of cyber threat posed by terrorist organizations and individuals is development of an assessment tool or methodology. This tool would guide intelligence collection efforts and would support and facilitate comparative assessment of the cyber threat posed by terrorist organizations and individuals through the provision of a consistent method of assessment across time, amongst organizations and individuals, and between analysts. This study leveraged the professional experience of experts to engineer a new functional construct – a structured analytical technique designed to assess the cyber threat posed by terrorist entities and individuals. The resultant instrument was a novel structured analytical construct that uses defined indicators of a terrorist organization/individual’s intent to carry out cyber attacks, and their capability to actually do so as measures of an organization/individual’s overall level of cyber threat.
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Tůma, Jan. "Emisní povolenka jako cenný papír a investiční nástroj." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16055.
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European Union Emission Trading System has been in operation since 2005 and to this point the legal nature of European Union Allowances is still controversial. Moreover, this question is complicated by fact, that a member state can not handle this problem, because it is acquis communautaire to solve it. The aim of this study is to explore the legal nature of allowance in Czech legal system, in merito, whether it is a security and/or a financial instrument. In conclusion, allowance is neither of those and its legal nature is still unclear, but also it does not really matter by now. Nevertheless, for the future smooth functioning of the EU ETS it is necessary that European Commission pursues this subject.
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Geržová, Pavla. "Zajištění a vymáhání pohledávek z obchodně-právních vztahů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150091.
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The thesis deals with the debt security and recovery from business relations. The main purpose was to explain the issue of debts, to compare classic judicial proceedings with arbitration and to analyse particular legal cases of the company XY in terms of security and recovery. The result is the evaluation of company's legal steps and efficiency of used security instruments, the summary of advantages and disadvantages of the arbitration and the overview of the most frequent practical problems with potential solution proposal.
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Arapantonis, Elpidoforos. "Data tampering in Vehicle CAN Bus networks." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76776.
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The paradigm of the automotive industry has changed, over the course of the last10-15 years. Electronics and software, have introduced in many dierents parts ofa vehicle and the drive-by-wire it is taking over the vehicle functions. Connectivityfunctionalities are increasing in the context of the automotive industry as well. Allthe aforementioned parts have more than one common link. This thesis project willfocus on one of these links, which is the security. The focus will be the CAN busprotocol and specically, on investigating the implications of an adversary havingphysical access in a vehicle. An experiment will be contucted as part of this thesiswork, by using open source hardware (Arduino and Raspberry Pi) and a Man-inthe-middle (MITM) attack scenario, will be implemented. The application, whichwill perform the MITM attack (small scale CAN bus fuzzer) will be developedduring this project and it will be distributed as an open source software afterwards.
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Macías, Gómez Luis Fernando. "El Medio Ambiente y la Naturaleza como Instrumentos del Arte de Gobernar. Una Contribución al Estudio de la Razón de Estado." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA055/document.
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Réfléchir à partir de la philosophie politique nous permet d’établir que la vision selon laquelle on conçoit actuellement l’environnement et la nature contribuent à modifier les conduites de la population afin de parvenir à une nouvelle façon de la gouverner. De même, les problèmes environnementaux et le changement climatique engendrent des risques pour la stabilité des États, rendant inévitable le renforcement de leur pouvoir, ce pourquoi ceux-ci invoquent la sécurité comme nécessité fondamentale pour leur conservation. On pourrait avancer que de la même manière que ce qui s’est produit au début de la modernité, lorsqu’on a découvert la nature et l’État comme entités objet d’étude avec leurs propres lois et rationalité, on repense actuellement la façon d’utiliser la nature et la problématique environnementale dérivée du changement climatique comme mécanisme de transformation des conduites et de renforcement de l’État, se manifestant maintenant dans l’idée de sécurité nationale. En procédant à une révision de la théorie de la raison d’État, de ses principaux théoriciens et des apports latino-américains à la sécurité nationale, on peut considérer qu’à partir du changement climatique et de la problématique environnementale elle permet de générer de nouvelles formes de gouverner afin de modifier les comportements de la population et par là même fortifier l’État. Ceci conduit à la nécessité de réfléchir à la nécessité de revoir les positions sur ce phénomène dans la mesure où cela peut entraîner des façons irrationnelles d’exercer le pouvoir. C’est-à-dire qu’il faut regarder la nature et l’environnement selon une perspective politique pour comprendre la portée de cette situation provenant de la manière dont on aborde actuellement la nature et l’environnementA reflection from the political philosophy would permit to propose that the vision as one conceive the currently the environment and the nature contribute to modify the behaviour of the population in order to achieve a new form of governance. Furthermore, the environmental problems and climate change create risks for the stability of the different states, making unavoidable the strengthening its power, when invoking its security as a necessity for its conservation.We could argue that, as it happened at the beginning of modern times, when the state and the nature were discovered as entities to study with their own laws and rationality. Currently, one is rethinking the way to use the nature and the environment’s question derivate from climate change as a mechanism to transform the behaviours and the strengthening of the state, manifested now in the idea of national security, Making a revision about the theory of national interest (raisón d’état) the main theorist and the Latin-American contribution to the national –security doctrine, one might considerate that due to climate change the environmental problem it allows to generate new forms to govern and modify the behaviours of the population whereas strengthening the state. This crates the necessity to wonder around the necessity to revise the proposals about the phenomenon, so that it could lead to irrational ways to exert the power. Thus, one shall see the nature and the environment with a political perspective in order to understand the reach from this situation derivate from the form as one address the nature and the environment nowadays
Una reflexión desde la filosofía política, permitiría plantear que la visión como se concibe actualmente el medio ambiente y la naturaleza contribuyen a modificar las conductas de la población con el fin de lograr una nueva forma de gobernarla. Así mismo, los problemas ambientales y el cambio climático generan riesgos para la estabilidad de los Estados, haciendo inevitable el reforzamiento de su poder, para lo cual invoca la seguridad como necesidad fundamental para su conservación.Se podría plantear que al igual como ocurrió al inicio de la modernidad, cuando se descubrió la naturaleza y el Estado como entidades objeto de estudio con sus propias leyes y racionalidad, en la actualidad se está repensando la forma de utilizar la naturaleza y la problemática ambiental derivada del cambio climático, como mecanismo de transformación de las conductas y de fortalecimiento del Estado, manifestado ahora en la idea de seguridad nacional. Realizando una revisión sobre la teoría de la razón de Estado, los principales teóricos y los aportes latinoamericanos en la seguridad nacional, se puede llevar a considerar que a raíz del cambio climático y la problemática ambiental permite generar nuevas formas de gobernar para modificar los comportamientos de la población y de paso fortalecer el Estado. Esto genera la necesidad de reflexionar en torno a la necesidad de revisar los planteamientos sobre este fenómeno por cuanto ello puede conllevar a formas irracionales de ejercer el poder. Es decir hay que mirar la naturaleza y el medio ambiente en una perspectiva política para comprender el alcance de esta situación derivada de la forma como se aborda la naturaleza y el medio ambiente en la actualidad
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Albar, Ali Aldroos. "Development of an Instrument to Measure the Level of Acceptability and Tolerability of Cyber Aggression: Mixed-Methods Research on Saudi Arabian Social Media Users." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849766/.
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Cyber aggression came about as a result of advances in information communication technology and the aggressive usage of the technology in real life. Cyber aggression can take on many forms and facets. However, the main focus of this study is cyberbullying and cyberstalking through information sharing practices that might constitute digital aggressive acts. Human aggression has been extensively investigated. Studies focusing on understanding the causes and effects that can lead to physical and digital aggression have shown the prevalence of cyber aggression in different settings. Moreover, these studies have shown strong relationship between cyber aggression and the physiological and physical trauma on both perpetrators and their victims. Nevertheless, the literature shows a lack of studies that could measure the level of acceptance and tolerance of these dangerous digital acts.
This study is divided into two main stages; Stage one is a qualitative pilot study carried out to explore the concept of cyber aggression and its existence in Saudi Arabia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 Saudi social media users to collect understanding and meanings of cyber aggression. The researcher followed the Colaizzi’s methods to analyze the descriptive data. A proposed model was generated to describe cyber aggression in social media applications. The results showed that there is a level of acceptance to some cyber aggression acts due to a number of factors.
The second stage of the study is focused on developing scales with reliable items that could determine acceptability and tolerability of cyber aggression. In this second stage, the researcher used the factors discovered during the first stage as source to create the scales’ items.
The proposed methods and scales were analyzed and tested to increase reliability as indicated by the Cronbach’s Alpha value. The scales were designed to measure how acceptable and tolerable is cyber-bullying, cyber-stalking in Saudi Arabia and the sharing of some information in social media applications. The results show a strong tolerance level of those activities. This study is a valuable resource for advanced-level students, educators, and researchers who focus on cyber security, cyber psychology, and cyber aggression in social network sites.
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Okbani, Nadia. "Institutionnaliser l'évaluation au sein d'une organisation : enjeux, pratiques et usages dans une caisse d'allocations familiales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0460/document.
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Le déploiement du nouveau management public et ses instruments de gestion, ne sont pas nécessairement synonymes du développement de l'évaluation des politiques. Ils tendent plutôt à s'y substituer. Cette recherche analyse l'institutionnalisation de l'évaluation des politiques, indépendamment de contraintes descendantes, à l'échelle d'une organisation. Partant du cas de la Caisse d'Allocations Familiales de la Gironde, elle interroge pourquoi et comment l'évaluation est institutionnalisée dans une organisation et les effets qu'elle produit. L'évaluation de politiques constitue une norme floue qui fait l'objet d'appropriations et d'usages stratégiques par ses protagonistes. Elle prend forme à travers le travail institutionnel des acteurs qui l'investissent parce qu'ils y trouvent un intérêt. Ils en négocient les normes et les usages, contribuant ainsi à définir la nature du changement qu'elle introduit dans les relations sociales et la conduite de l'action publique. Ces acteurs donnent sens et consistance à l'évaluation par la pratique dans la durée, en fonction de la structure sociale, organisationnelle et politique dans laquelle ils s'inscriventNew public management policies and its instruments do not necessarily go hand in hand with the development of policy evaluation, and tend in fact to replace it
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Sopper, Michelle. "Regime jurídico do bônus de subscrição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-08122015-090428/.
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Este trabalho tem como objeto o estudo do regime jurídico do bônus de subscrição e de sua aplicação na prática societária. O instituto, que tem sua origem no direito norteamericano, assumiu contornos próprios com a sua introdução no direito brasileiro por meio da Lei nº 6.404/1976. O bônus de subscrição consiste em um título negociável emitido por companhia aberta ou fechada em regime de capital autorizado e confere ao seu titular o direito de subscrever ações da sociedade emissora nas condições e no prazo estabelecidos quando da emissão do bônus de subscrição. Na primeira parte do trabalho, foi analisada a natureza jurídica de título de crédito e de valor mobiliário do bônus de subscrição e relacionadas as implicações decorrentes dessa categorização. A seguir, foram traçadas as principais características que moldam o objeto do estudo, bem como dos institutos jurídicos que possuem traços de similaridades no contexto do mercado de capitais. A investigação abrangeu, ainda, os aspectos relacionados ao exercício do bônus de subscrição e a tutela jurisdicional pela execução específica cabível em caso de violação do direito incorporado pelo título. Por fim, foi examinada a aplicação do bônus de subscrição na prática societária por meio do estudo de caso concreto em que a utilização do título suscitou questionamento perante a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários e de negócios jurídicos envolvendo a emissão de bônus de subscrição.This study explores the legal framework of stock purchase warrant and its employment in corporate practice. This institution was originatd in the North American Law and took specific outlines with its introduction in Brazilian law by Act 6.404 of 1976. The stock purchase warrant consists of a negotiable instrument issued by open or closed company subject to authorized capital systematic which gives the holder the right to subscribe company\'s stock under the conditions and term established by its issuance. In the first part of the work, we examined the legal nature of negotiable instument and securities of the stock purchase warrants and related implications arising from such categorization. In the following part, the main features that shape the object of study were outlined, as well as other legal institutions that have similar traces in the capital market context. The study also covered aspects related to the exercise of stock purchase warrants and judicial protection applicable through specific execution in case of violation of the right embodied by the title. Finally, we examined the use of stock purchase warrants in the corporate practice through case brought before the Securities and Exchange Commission and in legal transactions involving the issuance of warrants.
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Šumberák, David. "Přístrojový transformátor proudu 12kV, 4000//5/5A." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220954.
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This master´s thesis describes the development proposal and production of instrument current transformer in one turn primary winding with 4000//5/5 A transfer. The thesis involves a theoretical analysis, a numerical calculation, a developmental 3D model, corresponding simulations and a standard testing of the transformers. There is a complete written description of measuring current transformer cycle from the development to the production. The transformer development and production works were collaborated with the company KPB Intra s.r.o. The company engages in development, production and sale of these kinds of instrument transformers in the Czech Republic and foreign markets.
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Säll, Daniel. "Hur används vetenskap och forskning i den politiska debatten? : Idéanalys av debatten kring försäkringsmedicinskt beslutsstöd." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1788.
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How is research and science being used in political debate? An idea analysis of the debate about försäkringsmedicinskt beslutsstöd (decision tool in healthcare security)
This is a case study on different types of research use (utilization) The aim of this paper is to examine how the politicians make use of expertise and research in the parliamentary debate surrounding the decision tool in healthcare security (försäkringsmedicinskt beslutsstöd). The aim is also to find out to what extent different types of research use are present in this debate. In this case study the qualitative method of idea analysis is being used on the empirical material. The tool of analysis is based upon the theories of research use by Amara et al. (building on Beyer) and Carol Weiss. My conclusion is that the most common type of research use in this debate is the symbolic, followed by the conceptual type. The instrumental type of research use is the least frequent one in this debate.
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Boidart, Emeline. "La réglementation des drones civils au niveau international : entre progrès technologiques et problématiques juridiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3033.
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Les drones font aujourd’hui partie de notre quotidien. Ces objets nous entourent de plus en plus et traversent les frontières. Qu’ils soient utilisés à but récréatif, dans le domaine militaire ou bien pour des activités professionnelles, les drones connaissent un développement fort, une croissance sans précédent. Ce développement consistera à traiter du sujet des drones civils à usage professionnel qui représentent le plus vaste domaine des aéronefs sans pilote. Les drones de loisirs, tout comme les drones militaires, ont une croissance importante, mais moindre par rapport aux drones civils professionnels.Ces nouvelles technologies possèdent un potentiel considérable pour de nombreuses entreprises qui se lancent dans la prestation de services par le biais d’aéronefs sans pilote. De plus en plus d’activités sont développées dans de nombreux secteurs, les entreprises prennent conscience de la capacité de travail que peuvent représenter ces appareils, et il est important de mener à bien ce marché prometteur. Force est de constater qu’aucune activité n’est réellement possible sans cadre juridique. En quelques années, nous avons vu l’usage des drones se démocratiser. L’actualité a montré que cette utilisation se faisait quelque fois de manière dangereuse et négligente, avec de nombreux incidents relevés. Il est donc nécessaire de mettre en place des règles que chaque utilisateur doit respecter, que ce soit pour un usage à but récréatif ou professionnel. La France, et quelques États dans le monde, font partie des précurseurs à avoir travaillé de manière exhaustive sur une réglementation. Celle-ci est certes stricte, peut-être même trop, mais elle permet néanmoins d’éviter au mieux les dérives voire les accidents.Aujourd’hui encore beaucoup d’États n’ont pas adopté de réglementation concernant l’activité de drones au sein de leur territoire. Cela pose un sérieux problème de sécurité, puisque dans ces États, des activités de drones sont réalisées alors qu’aucune règle à suivre n’a pour le moment été donnée.Pourtant, les entreprises ont un réel besoin de réglementation pour développer au mieux leurs activités, travailler sur de nouvelles technologies. Les innovations ont toujours la nécessité d’avoir un cadre juridique solide, pour savoir quel est leur champ d’action. Le droit va de pair avec les progrès technologiques, et pourtant celui-ci connaît souvent un retard de développement par rapport aux innovations. Les États se trouvent face à la croissance toujours plus importante des activités de drones sur leur territoire, alors qu’aucune réglementation n’a été instaurée. Une réglementation est donc nécessaire pour tous les États, pour encadrer au mieux l’utilisation des aéronefs sans pilote et garantir une sécurité suffisante pour tous.Petit à petit, les États prennent conscience de l’importance de mettre en place des règles, certains ont effectué un travail complet en la matière, et d’autres s’en inspirent et commencent à réfléchir sur le sujet.Tous les États existants dans le monde représentent autant de réglementations possibles, même si certaines se ressemblent, le droit des drones est loin d’être unifié. Au contraire, il est multiple et très diversifié, ce qui peut poser un problème dans ce domaine.Il serait nécessaire de travailler sur une convergence, une harmonisation, entre toutes les réglementations existantes et qui se développent encore aujourd’hui. Il semble évident que le but de ce droit est de permettre une intégration pleine et entière des drones dans l’espace aérien mondial, parmi les autres usagers de la circulation aérienne générale que sont les aéronefs habités, civils ou militaires. Cette intégration est essentielle pour permettre aux États comme aux entreprises de travailler de manière commune sur des propositions réglementaires permettant une meilleure gestion du trafic aérien, ainsi qu’une cohabitation améliorée de toutes ces nouvelles technologies dont les activités ont encore un énorme potentiel à développerToday, unmanned aircrafts are undeniably part of our daily lives. These objects surround us more and more and cross the borders, because it is not only in France that these devices become more and more known, but also in the whole world. Whether they are used for recreational purposes, in the military field or for professional activities, unmanned aircrafts are experiencing strong development, unprecedented growth.This development will consist here of dealing with the subject of civilian commercial UAVs which undoubtedly represent the largest field of unmanned aircraft. Indeed, recreational UAVs, like military ones, have a significant growth, but less than civilian professional unmanned aircrafts.These new technologies have a great potential for many companies which work on service delivery through unmanned aircraft. More and more activities are being developed in many sectors, companies are becoming aware of the work capacity that these devices can represent, and it is important to carry out this promising market.However, it is clear that no activity is really possible without a legal framework. Indeed, in a few years, we have seen the use of UAVs becoming more democratic, especially in France. Current events have shown that this use is sometimes dangerous and careless, with many incidents noted. It is therefore necessary to put in place rules that each user must respect, whether for recreational or professional use.France, and some States in the world, are among the forerunners to work extensively on a regulation. This one is certainly strict, maybe even too much, nevertheless it makes it possible to avoid accidents.However, even today many States have not worked on regulations on the activity of unmanned aircrafts within their territory. This is a serious security problem, since in these States, UAVs activities are carried out whereas no rule has yet been given.Companies are on the front line, they have a real need for regulation to develop their business, working on new technologies. Innovations always need to have a solid legal framework, to know what their scope is.Law goes hand in hand with technological progress, and yet it is often lagging behind innovation. As a result, States are facing ever-increasing growth of UAVs activities on their territory, while no regulation has been introduced. Regulation is therefore necessary for all States, to better regulate the use of unmanned aircraft and to guarantee sufficient security for all.Little by little, States are becoming aware of the importance of putting rules in place, some have done a comprehensive job on the subject, and others are building on them and starting to think about it.Of course, all existing States in the world represent as many regulations, even if some are similar, the right of unmanned aircraft is far from unified. On the contrary, it is multiple and very diverse, which can be a problem in this area.Indeed, it would be necessary to work on a convergence, a harmonization, a consensus between all existing regulations and which are still developing today. It seems obvious that the purpose of this right is to allow full integration of unmanned aircrafts in the world's airspace, among other users of the general air traffic, civilian or military ones.This integration is essential to enable both States and companies to work together on regulatory proposals for a better air traffic management, as well as improved cohabitation of all these new technologies whose activities still have an enormous potential to develop
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Morake, None Louis. "The implications of China's oil security diplomacy instruments on Angola's fiscal transparency & public accountability." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11046.
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The protracted civil war in Angola had detrimental implications for fiscal governance and public financial accountability in Angola. The exclusive access to natural resources by Angola’s warring factions engendered distortions in the collection and management of revenues from the export of the country’s raw materials. In the case of oil, the MPLA government emerged from the war with highly deficient and politicised systems of fiscal governance and public financial management and expenditure. These traditions emerged through intricate and irregular ties with foreign governments, high-level officials and international commercial banks. While relationships with such external forces persist, the dynamics of these interactions in the post-war period have taken a new direction. This research addresses the implications of China’s oil security diplomacy instruments, as employed in engagement with the Angola, on the levels of fiscal transparency and public financial accountability of the Angolan state
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Hu, En-Huai, and 胡恩懷. "The Study of the Announcement of Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement on Taiwan Security Prices." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89707768792785904622.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
財務管理所
95
On December 25, 2003, Taiwan’s Financial Accounting Standards Committee of the Accounting Research and Development Foundation issued Statement No.34, “Accounting for the Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. This accounting standard was effective for financial year ending after December 31, 2005, but not with early application encouraged. In order to cooperate a lot of countries dealt with the relevant accountant of the financial instruments in the world already gradually unanimous now, and make my Congress can be in line with international standards to deal with to count , benefit domestic enterprises, it is No. 39 that the Accountant Research and Development Foundation according to International Accounting Standard Committee Foundation , have announced that Taiwan’s Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No.34 “Accounting for the Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” (SFAS No.34), and begin implementation since 2006. This thesis draws on the method of event study and aims to investigate whether Statement No.34, “Accounting for the Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” would cause irregular changes in stock price of listed companies. The research findings are as follows: The issue of Statement No.34, “Accounting for the Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.” makes listed companies seen with abnormal returns. Also, the drop of stock price reacts the event earlier.
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Chen, Yi-Cheng, and 陳怡錚. "A Study of the Effects of the Security Risk of Payment Instruments on Consumers’ Usage Intention." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30842303876926579487.
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碩士東吳大學
資訊管理學系
101
As the technology’s progress and innovation, in order to satisfy consumers’ diverse choice and the needs of convenience, all kinds of payment instruments are offered. This research is based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and the perceived risk and habit will be considered to explore the effects of the risk of three kinds of payment instruments (easycard (or called electronic ticket), financial chip card and credit card) on consumers’ usage intention. This research aims to understand how different behavior dimensions influence usage intention, and the use reason of payment instruments is due to performance expectancy, influence from other people, or habit, when consumers use payment instruments. In addition, this research also investigates whether the usage intention is affected by security risk or negative news. Through the questionnaires we found that the negative news did not cause significant effects on consumers’ usage intention. Regardless of physical or online transactions, consumers’ usage intention will be influenced by the risk characteristics of payment instruments. Most consumers have their habits to continually use those instruments. The social factor did not have significant effects on usage intention, i.e., most consumers will not be influenced by other people. The perceived risk has no significant effects on using credit cards for transactions on the Internet. Although consumers worry about the loss of finance, in order to improve the efficiency of the transactions, most of them would ignore the risks.
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Tung, Yu Chieh, and 董玉潔. "The study of information security risks and related legal instruments on the cloud computing of international trade." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05110032267322221953.
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碩士國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
99
In recent years, cloud computing has become an ideal way for most Taiwanese trading companies to adopt e-commerce. The basic model of cloud computing is to provide resource in the form of internet service. By centralizing data and resource onto “the cloud”, cloud computing helps companies to improve efficiency with lower budget. However, this approach raises concern about information security, for users’ data will be stored in the internet, rather than being directly controlled by the users. Due to this fact, companies tend to take information security into consideration before moving to the cloud. To encourage Taiwanese trading companies, analyzing and learning how to manage the information security risks are rather necessary. This research aims to provide a clearer view of the information security to Taiwanese trading companies, including the possible information security risks and the ways to manage these risks. Through comparison and analysis, we conclude that the information security risks of cloud computing and of other computer or internet products or service are similar, and these risks can be reduced by technical methods, management and laws. However, these risks cannot be removed, and in this situation, trading companies are suggested to protect their data and their rights via contracts.
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Risenga, Arthur. "Predictive effect of the relationship between debt-instruments and the usage of savings of tools by consumers." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11907.
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This study seeks to show that a higher usage of debt instruments by consumers with limited available funds leads to the usage of savings tools to finance debt costs, which subsequently results in lower levels of savings. This was espoused by the literature on PFM and also proven by the test results from the research hypotheses that were computed by means of a logistic regression. The test results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the usage of debt instruments and the usage of savings tools. An emphasis is placed on the importance of savings as an integral component of the PFM concept: it is namely seen to be indispensable to good financial planning to ensure current and future consumer financial security. Therefore, this study concludes by highlighting the importance of consumers’ financial- management skills in minimising debt costs to increase levels of savings by controlling higher consumption expenditure through debt.Business Management
M. Com. (Business management)
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Risenga, Arthur. "Predictive effect of the relationship between debt-instruments and the usage of savings tools by consumers." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11907.
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This study seeks to show that a higher usage of debt instruments by consumers with limited available funds leads to the usage of savings tools to finance debt costs, which subsequently results in lower levels of savings. This was espoused by the literature on PFM and also proven by the test results from the research hypotheses that were computed by means of a logistic regression. The test results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the usage of debt instruments and the usage of savings tools. An emphasis is placed on the importance of savings as an integral component of the PFM concept: it is namely seen to be indispensable to good financial planning to ensure current and future consumer financial security. Therefore, this study concludes by highlighting the importance of consumers’ financial- management skills in minimising debt costs to increase levels of savings by controlling higher consumption expenditure through debt.Business Management
M. Com. (Business management)
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Brychta, Michal. "Směnka jako zajišťovací instrument." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310719.
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The aim of the thesis is to give reader a treatise about specific use of bill of exchange as a securing instrument. The promissory note as a debtor security may take various economic life functions. Since the inception of law of exchange it was primarily the medium of payment, whereas the securing function was developed much later. Actually a relative novelty of securing function of bill of exchange leads to a wide range of issues that need to be resolved in connection with its use. In particular, it is absolutely necessary to realize that the obligation incorporated into promissory note will be regardless of its function always the obligation abstract and individual. The above mentioned abstract and individual obligation is mainly manifested in a different connection to the secured obligation, which is much more fragile than in case of use of standard securing obligations that are on the contrary characteristic by accesority and subsidiarity. In spite of the fact that the aim of the thesis is concentrated on bill of exchange as securing instrument, the first chapter is devoted to issues of law of exchange in general. Within particular subchapters there is outlined the historical development of law of exchange in our country, including the sources of current legislation. Furthermore author explains...
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Κακαρούντας, Αθανάσιος Παν. "Σχεδιασμός κυκλωμάτων ασφαλούς λειτουργίας και χαμηλής κατανάλωσης ισχύος." Thesis, 2004. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3367.
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Rychlý, Matěj. "Směnka jako zajišťovací instrument." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-345397.
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A bill of exchange was historically used for payment purposes. However, over time it was figured out that it can designate as a securing instrument. Such a usage of a bill of exchange brings as well a series of theoretical and practical confusions. Therefore, one of the main aims of this thesis is to analyze a securing bill of exchange and examine and describe the different attributes and specifics that bind to it. Another main aim of this thesis is securing bill of exchange to be compared with another hedging instruments which are provided by civil law, such as the pledge and the suretyship. Because of this comparison it is easier to show if the bill of exchange is an appropriate securing instrument, and what are its strengths and weaknesses. As a working method is using analysis and comparison. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter sets out the aims and the direction which the thesis will take and further outline of the content of each chapter. The second chapter deals with the general definition of a bill of exchange, lists the types of a bill of exchange that exist. It also defines the functions of a bill of exchange, where these functions are meant a tender, payment tool or securing instrument. The third chapter describes the essence of a securing bill of exchange, which...
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Poláčková, Saskia. "Zabezpečovací prostředky v soukromém právu." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328709.
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POLÁČKOVÁ, Saskia: Security instruments in private law. [PhD. thesis] / Saskia Poláčková - Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Law; Deparment of civil law. - Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Mgr. Josef Salač, PhD.. Praha: PF UK, 2012. This thesis shows results of an investigation into security instruments recognized by private law of Czech republic and of Slovak republic, specifically focusing on substantive civil law as a representation of general private law. The hypothesis under investigation is that a number of existing security instruments could be fully replaced by a single security instrument, namely the lien. In order to confirm or reject the hypothesis, common characteristics - principle of subsidiarity, principle of accessority, purpose to provide security, purpose to ensure repayment - as well as specific characteristics of individual instruments are compared. The thesis is divided into chapters, sections and subsections, and supplemented by the abstract, introduction, summary and bibliography. Chapter One deals with security instruments in private law, mainly in the areas of substantive civil law, commercial law and labour law as codified in Czech republic and Slovak republic. In this chapter, individual security instruments are categorized into several groups based on their respective...
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Jurenková, Anna. "Směnka jako zajišťovací instrument." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338252.
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Bill of exchange as a securing instrument - Abstract This thesis deals with a specific use of bill of exchange as a securing instrument. The aim of the thesis is to bring a comprehensive general view on the topic as well as to closely analyse the most important areas or those areas which are problematic from the legal point of view. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter one deals with the law of exchange in general. The chapter illustrates not only the relevant actual legislation, but intends to bring a wider historical frame as well. Chapter two contains general characteristic of bill of exchange, furthermore specifically focuses on the nature of obligation which is incorporated into each bill of exchange. Chapter two deals with the blank bill of exchange as well. It describes the nature of blank bills of exchange, examines the right to fill the blank spaces and questions connected with abuse of that right. Chapter three analyses the role of securing bill of exchange among another securing instruments and compares the most important differences which can be found among them - mainly the independency of obligation incorporated in securing bill of exchange in contrast with the subsidiarity of other securing instruments. Chapter four describes the conditions under which the use of securing bill of...
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Bartoníčková, Lenka. "Směnka jako zajišťovací instrument." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340187.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the nature of the securing bill of exchange through the analysis of professional literature and relevant case law. The thesis is composed of eight chapters. The first chapter deals with the issue of securing instruments in general. It presents the main amendments which have been brought to the law of obligations by the recent recodification of the private law, especially to the securing instruments. This chapter mentions the characteristics and functions of the general securing instruments. This is followed by the presentation of the bill of exchange as a specific type of the securing instrument. The second chapter is completely devoted to the bill of exchange. It examines the functions of a bill of exchange in legal relations. This chapter also contains more detailed description of an agreement that provides the bill of exchange the disposition of the securing instrument. The following chapter not only defines the term bill of exchange but also concerns with the definition of security in view of the fact that this part of the law was amended by the recodification of the private law. This passage classifies the bill of exchange into the system of securities and emphasises especially the characteristics connected with its transfer. Chapter four...
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Ling, Ou Fang, and 歐芳伶. "Development and Validation of a Perceptual Instrument to Measure personal information security Awareness." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03160459249788221057.
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碩士樹德科技大學
資訊管理研究所
96
The rapid developments of Internet and communication technology application have reconstructed the nature of human life. Information technology is the basic infrastructure for modern work and life. In 2006, the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics of the Executive Yuan in Taiwan conducted a computer usage survey. The result has shown that most of the organizations emphasize more on security technology, but ignore the safety awareness and behaviors of users, which are important elements to achieve a thorough safety and secure management. This study intends to develop an information security awareness measurement which can be used to explore the level of information security awareness for individual users. The measurement developed is expected to provide an effective instrument to measure the information security awareness for each individual user. The measurement is based on the interview content from "Value-focused assessment of ICT security awareness in an academic environment"(Drevin, Kruger and Steyn, 2007). Literature review and content analysis method were conducted in this study to develop the draft measurement scale for information security awareness. To make the measurement scale more applicable, this study adopted in-depth interview with some field experts, followed by interview with focus group. Then the measurement items for questionnaire were formed by pre-testing the individuals. A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted on 540 subjects who are currently employed and have computer usage experience. With the data collected, the exploratory factor analysis was repeatedly conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the developed measurement scale. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1)The scale is suitable to test the acknowledgement of subjects who are currently employed and have computer usage experience. (2)The scale is suitable for measuring subjects who have not yet received information security training, and the test result can be used as the basis of designing the training program. (3)The scale is suitable for measuring subjects who do not use credit card online or pay bill online regularly. There are few academic researches and literature about㎏ information security awareness worldwide. The developed measurement scale in this research which has been tested having good reliability and validity can be used to evaluate the degree of individual's information security awareness.