Dissertations / Theses: 'Security (Psychology) in children'

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Webber, Melissa. "Relationship between food insecurity and overweight in preschool-aged children in rural West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5244.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 39 p. : map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-24).

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Lam, Sui-bik Brenda, and 林萃碧. "Child anxiety: the conceptual link and respective roles of attachment security and sense of control." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657078.

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There has been growing research attention on the topic of child anxiety applying the theoretical framework of Attachment Theory, and the results have been encouraging so far with consistent findings on the positive association between insecure attachment and child anxiety. Child anxiety has also been associated with a diminished sense of control with extensive empirical evidences. Nevertheless, despite the rich empirical support on the associations between insecure attachment and child anxiety, and between diminished sense of control and child anxiety, the potential pathways of anxiety transmission remain largely unclear. In their discussion on the development of child anxiety, Chopita and Barlow (1998) proposed a conceptual link between attachment security and sense of control, even though it has not been followed up with empirical studies. Since available empirical evidences have validated the role of attachment security and sense of control in the development of child anxiety, it will be conceptually meaningful to investigate the potential link between attachment security and sense of control, and their respective and interactive roles in the development of child anxiety. The current study also aspires to improve understanding on the relationships between parental anxiety, parent’s and child’s sense of control, and child anxiety within the context of children undergoing elective surgeries. Children of 151 parents were about to receive elective surgeries participated in this study. Among these parents, 59 of them have children reached age 6 or above and all these children also participated in the current study. Information from 144 parents (95.36%) and 51 children (86.44%) was used for subsequent analyses. Information from 7 parents (4.64%) and 8 children (13.56%) was excluded from further analyses as they filled in less than 30% of the questionnaire items. Findings from present study showed children with insecure attachment and/or high external LOC experienced increased anxiety in preoperative period. The findings are consistent with existing literature. Children with insecure attachment were also found to espouse a higher level of external LOC. Besides, regression analyses showed that attachment security moderated the relationships between child’s external LOC and anxiety. Results also support the notion that secure attachment could be a protective factor against child anxiety development. Moreover, mediation analyses indicated child’s LOC mediated the relationship between parental and child anxiety, thereby supporting the mediation model by Chopita and Barlow. From a theoretical standpoint, findings from current study provided initial support on the linkage between attachment security and sense of control. Child’s external LOC as a potential pathway for intergenerational transmission of anxiety was also supported. The findings also bear significant clinical implications. Specifically, early screening and identification of children with insecure attachment and external LOC would allow more effective allocation of resources targeting at anxiety management in preoperative setting. Besides, taking into consideration the impact of parental anxiety, intervention for child anxiety including components for parental anxiety management should be emphasized.
published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology

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Greenlee, Jessica L. "The Family Affective Attitude Rating Scale in Children with Asthma: The Association between Relational Schemas and Emotional Security." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4669.

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The Five Minute Speech sample is a cost effective, efficient means of data collection in developmental research, but recent criticism of traditional coding methods associated with the methodology has spurred the creation of more developmentally appropriate coding systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of a new coding system, The Family Affective Attitudes Rating Scale (FAARS), for use in children with chronic illness. Results did not support the use of this coding system, at least in its current form, in a pediatric asthma population. Discussion focuses on whether the FAARS may be of use when examined on an item level and directions for future research - such as profile analyses and edits to the coding system - that may better capture the experiences of parenting a child with chronic illness.

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Donovan, Scott Edward. "Relationship of attachment security to shame in young adults." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3304.

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Examines the relationship between early maternal attachment security and shame in young adults. The findings of this study have significant implications for parenting, including providing support for the importance of a secure relationship between mother and child and the developmental consequences of warm and secure caregiving experiences for their child.

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Ramirez, Noemi. "Impact of maternal attachment security on emotional experession in young males." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2968.

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Examines the relationship between early maternal attachment security and verbal emotional expression in males. Participants were 115 male college students aged 18 to 25 years (M=20.0 yrs.) who completed a questionnaire comprised of two measures of early maternal attachment security, two measures of emotional expression, and demographic items. Results showed a low to moderate relationship between early attachment security and verbal emotional expression.

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Oosterhouse, Kendra. "Marital Satisfaction and Parental Mental Health in Association with Secure-Base Provision to School-Age Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248440/.

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The current study examines interrelations among family factors in a sample of married couples with children in middle childhood. Specifically, this study tested the associations between parents' mental health, marital satisfaction, and provision of a secure base through emotional sensitivity to the child. We further explored bidirectional and moderation effects between spouses. Participants included 86 heterosexual couples residing in the North Texas community. Using the actor-partner interdependence model, multilevel modeling results indicated that both spouse's mental health symptomology and relationship satisfaction are linked to parent's self-perceived ability to provide a secure base; several gender effects were also found. Additionally, actor relationship satisfaction significantly moderated the association between actor mental health symptomology and secure-base provision. In the context of low actor satisfaction, as the actor's mental health symptomology increases, secure-base provision also increases; however, in the context of high actor satisfaction, as actor's mental health symptomology increases, secure-base provision decreases. Additionally, partner relationship satisfaction significantly moderated the association between partner mental health symptomology and actor secure-base provision. In the context of low partner satisfaction, as partner mental health symptomology increases, actor secure-base provision increases; however, in the context of high partner satisfaction, as partner mental health symptomology increases, actor secure-base provision decreases. Spill-over, compensatory, and cross-over hypotheses, strengths, limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.

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King, Kathleen. "Differences in Parent Meta-Emotion for Typically Developing Children versus Children with ASD." Thesis, Seattle Pacific University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3590535.

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This study investigated whether parent meta-emotion philosophies, specifically parents' level of emotion coaching, differed between parents of typically developing (TD) children and parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study also investigated whether emotion coaching was related to children's accuracy for recognizing facial affect. Participants in the study included 72 families, who were of middle to high socioeconomic status, with a child between the ages of three and six years. The ASD group included 24 children (5 females, 19 males) and had a mean age of 54.73 months (SD = 10.43). The TD group included 48 children (20 females, 28 males) and had a mean age of 65.92 months (SD = 11.84). Parents participated in interviews and completed questionnaires regarding family demographics, their child's behaviors, and their meta-emotion philosophy. Children completed assessments measuring verbal ability and facial affect recognition accuracy. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the moderation model. The study found that children with ASD had a significant deficit in facial affect recognition compared to TD children, F(1,69) = 13.56, p < .001, R² change = .15. Further analysis determined that there was not a significant difference between groups in recognizing the emotions of happy, sad, or scared. However, there was a significant difference in facial affect recognition of the emotion anger, [special characters omitted](4) = 9.999, p = .04. Twenty-three percent of the TD group correctly identified all of the angry faces, whereas none of the ASD group could do this. The study did not find a relation between emotion coaching levels and facial affect recognition, F(1,69) = .360, p = .55. No support was found for the hypothesis that child developmental status would predict parent's level of emotion coaching. However, qualitative analysis found that fifty-four percent of parent participants identified their child's general level of sensitivity and emotionality as a primary influence on their meta-emotion philosophy. Four percent of these parents referenced their child's developmental status as an influence. The proposed moderation model was also not supported. Parent meta-emotion philosophy did not affect the relation between developmental status and facial affect recognition.

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Long, Lauren Christine. "Food security and family well-being." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/long/LongL0507.pdf.

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Blythe, John Matthew. "Information security in the workplace : a mixed-methods approach to understanding and improving security behaviours." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/30328/.

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Traditionally, employees have been viewed as an enemy to information security (IS) within organisations, rather than as an organisational asset that can be harnessed to help protect company information. Existing research is largely fragmented with a distinct lack of theorybased approaches for the design and evaluation of behaviour change interventions. Furthermore, research has largely focussed on employees' compliance with IS policies and less so, the multitude of individual behaviours covered in them. This thesis presents a mixed-method approach to changing employees' security behaviour using theory to inform the design of an intervention. The thesis identified influencers and barriers to specific security behaviours and developed an extended-Protection Motivation Theory model. The model includes information sensitivity appraisal as an important influencer for which a new scale (WISA) was developed and validated. The model was tested on three specific anti-malware behaviours: usage of antimalware software, installing software updates and avoiding suspicious links within emails. The testing allowed the identification of the most influential factors for each behaviour and demonstrated how these factors differ between behaviours. A nuance that is lost when adopting the IS policy compliance approach and was also confirmed by the qualitative findings. The findings from the models informed the design of the behaviour change intervention. Components of the model were utilised in an intervention to promote email security behaviour. The intervention comprised of a motivational component, together with a volitional component based on implementation intentions to help translate good 'intentions' into good 'security actions'. The study found significant improvements in objective performance on email legitimacy tasks that were more sustainable with the addition of implementation intentions. Response efficacy was an identified barrier, demonstrated to influence anti-malware behaviours and was malleable to significant change during the intervention. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed together with suggestions for future research.

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Morelen, Diana. "Empowered Parents Empower Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2726.

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Parrish, Pamela Jo 1953. "How well are children's needs met in the children to children grief-support groups." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278417.

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The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether Children to Children's grief-support groups helped young participants cope with their grief, and which elements of the program were most helpful. The population for this study consisted of six bereaved children between the ages of 5 and 18 who were referred by Children to Children. The instrument used in this study was developed specifically to measure grief in children by self-report. Other information-gathering techniques were used to determine children's attributions for change and their view of their families before and after the loved one's death. It was found that the Children to Children grief-support groups were helpful to the participants. Participants cited two components of the program as most helpful: ritual, verbal sharing of the circumstances of the loved one's death, and being with other children who were going through a similar experience.

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Inan, Seyma. "Categorization Skills in Children: The Relationship between Maternal Strategy Use and Children Strategy Use." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1532608485832591.

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Harvey, Erin M. "Visual development and plasticity in children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289850.

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The effects of visual experience on perception were examined using two classic research paradigms: visual deprivation and perceptual adaptation. The present study evaluates the extent to which children in the 5- to 14-year-old age range have the capacity for visual plasticity with respect to recovery from the effects of astigmatism-related visual deprivation and adaptation to spatially distorted visual input. Visual experience was altered through eyeglass correction of astigmatism, a condition of the eye that induces degraded (blurred) visual input and causes a form of visual deprivation. Lenses that correct astigmatism cause two changes in sensory input: they alleviate the deprivation effects of astigmatism, and cause spatial distortion. Perception was initially measured when the children first received eyeglass correction, and change in perception was measured after 1 month of wear, and after 1 year of wear. Measures included recognition acuity, resolution acuity, vernier acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, and form perception. Baseline analyses of normal (non-astigmatic) subject data indicated that recognition acuity, resolution acuity, vernier acuity, and contrast sensitivity continue to develop within the 5- to 14-year-old age range. Baseline analyses also revealed that children who experienced astigmatism-related deprivation demonstrated perceptual deficits, in comparison to non-astigmatic children, on all measures of perception (although deficits within some measures depended on stimulus orientation (grating acuity and contrast sensitivity) and spatial frequency of the stimulus (for contrast sensitivity)), and demonstrated measurable distortions in form perception. However, primary outcome analyses revealed little evidence of plasticity with regard to recovery from the effects of deprivation and no evidence of plasticity with regard to perceptual adaptation to distortion. The results suggest that children in the 5- to 14-year-old age range may be beyond the sensitive period for recovery from astigmatism-related deprivation through simple restoration of clear visual input. Discussion focuses on theoretical views on conditions necessary for plasticity (Bedford, 1993a, 1993b, 1995, Banks, 1988), and their implications regarding another intervention, discrimination learning, that might be more effective at inducing plasticity in children and adults who are beyond the sensitive period for plasticity, and their implications for interpretation of data on adaptation to spatial distortion observed in the present study.

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Marshall, Victoria Heinrichs. "Conditioned Flavor Preferences in Children." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626702.

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Wall, Elizabeth DeVane. "Household food security, dietary intake, and anthropometric assessment of Dominican children." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202499078/.

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Gately, David Wayne. "The effects of divorce on children : favorable outcomes /." Connect to resource, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1219951028.

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Babineau, Vanessa. "Gestalt processing in high functioning children with autism as compared to typically developing children." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121341.

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Gestalt theory delineates a specific set of principles that are considered to be rules according to which the visual system organizes and integrates local elements (i.e., parts) into meaningful wholes (Koffka, 1935). The inclusion of gestalt stimuli in the present study of high functioning children with autism (HFA) as compared to typically developing (TD) children further specifies on a cognitive level at what point visual perceptual biases take place among children with HFA, and lends evidence toward the specificity of the Weak Central Coherence (WCC) theory (Frith & Happé, 1994) and global-local processing. The gestalt principles of closure, collinearity and spatial proximity were examined with the administration of a visualized-computer shape detection task among 11 children with HFA as compared 13 TD children matched on a nonverbal mental age of around 10 years. For both groups, search efficiency for closed stimuli was significantly greater than for open stimuli (F(1,12) = 5.94, p < 0.05), search efficiency for collinear line-segments was significantly greater than for non- collinear line segments (F(1,12) = 7.45, p < 0.01), and there was a marginally significant interaction between collinearity and proximity (F(1,12) = 7.45, p = 0.07) that demonstrated greater search efficiency in the presence of collinearity and spatial proximity as compared to collinearity alone. Overall, there were no group differences in the ability to use the gestalt principles of closure, collinearity and spatial proximity, indicating that children with HFA appear to utilize gestalt principles in a manner similar to their TD peers.
La théorie de la gestalt définit un ensemble spécifique de principes de base qui sont considérés comme des lois selon lesquelles le système visuel organise et intègre les éléments séparés en ensemble unique (Koffka, 1935). L'inclusion des stimuli de la gestalt dans la présente étude chez les enfants autistes de haut fonctionnement (AHF) par rapport au enfants à développement typique (DT) spécifie sur un plan cognitif à quel moment la perception visuelle chez les enfants AHF se différencie, et prête preuve envers la spécificité de la théorie de Cohérence Centrale Faible (Frith & Happé, 1994). Les principes de la gestalt de clôture, continuité et proximité ont été examinées avec l'administration d'une tâche de détection de forme, par ordinateur, chez 11 enfants AHF par rapport à 13 enfants à DT apparié en âge mental nonverbal d'environ 10 ans. Pour les deux groupes, l'efficacité de la recherche pour les stimuli fermé était significativement plus efficace que pour les stimuli non fermé (F(1,12) = 5.94, p <0.05), l'efficacité de la recherche des segments avec continuité était supérieur à celui des segments non-alignés (F(1,12) = 7.45, p <0.01), et il y avait une interaction presque significative entre la continuité et la proximité (F(1,12) = 7.45, p = 0.07) qui a démontré une plus grande efficacité de la recherche en présence de continuité et de proximité par rapport à la continuité seul. Dans l'ensemble, il n'y avait pas de différences entre les groupes dans la capacité à utiliser les principes de la gestalt de clôture, continuité et proximité, ce qui indique que les enfants AHF semblent utiliser les principes gestalt de façon comparable aux enfants à DT.

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Pietrangelo, John Joseph 1947. "Consequences of guilt in children and adolescents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291818.

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The role of guilt within the context of interpersonal relationships, the definitions of guilt, the origins of guilt, and whether or not outcomes associated with guilt tend to be negative or positive are the focus of this research paper. Four hundred and seventy-two (472) articles, covering a period of thirty-three years (33), were tabulated as to their perspective concerning the phenomenon of guilt. A determination was made as to whether each article leaned toward presenting guilt as a negative or positive influence pertaining to human behavior and/or interaction. It is hypothesized that the literature reflects significantly more negative outcomes associated with guilt than it does positive outcomes; that, overall, guilt can be said to have but little constructive use in human behavior and/or interaction. The findings of this study support the hypothesis.

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Gutentag, Scott Steven. "Differentiation of children with severe traumatic brain injury and normal children on the cognitive assessment system /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943341526533.

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Milton-Feasby, Christine. "An exploration of the domains of work insecurity /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84532.

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This thesis explores insecurity about four types of involuntary work transition. These are labeled here domain insecurities and include job facet insecurity, job loss insecurity, occupation insecurity and employment insecurity. The primary purpose was to distinguish the insecurities conceptually and demonstrate their independence empirically. The domain insecurities were defined and their features identified from a review of literature on various work attitudes. Viable cognitive and affective measures of insecurity were suggested from the conceptual discussion. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire distributed using a snowball methodology. Validation of the proposed insecurity measures against reliable correlates of insecurity (pessimism and anxiety) supported operationalizing insecurity by affect alone. Correlation analysis clearly distinguished the domain insecurities. The secondary purpose of the thesis was to explore the content and nomological network of the domain insecurities. To this end, key features of the domain insecurities were scrutinized. This analysis particularly set employment insecurity apart from the other insecurities. Data were collected on antecedents and coping with the insecurities. Multiple regression analysis using a repeated-measures design yielded common antecedents of the four insecurities. A significant interaction emerged between age and domain, reflecting different occupational and employment concerns across age groups. Factor analysis with varimax rotation of the coping checklist developed for this thesis supported the formation of four coping scales: palliation, job search, self-development through education, and withdrawal. Multiple regression analysis using a repeated-measures design revealed that people cope with all insecurities through palliation, withdrawal and self-development activities. Significant interactions emerged that confirmed the targeted use of job search activities in

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Galliano, Karin. "Children"s perceptions of marital conflict, parent-child relations and anxiety in children: a proposed systemic model." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3439.

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Few studies have examined the effects of a divorce on internalizing symptomatology in children, and none have done so in a clinic sample. The present study examined this issue in a clinic sample of children with anxiety disorders (aged 6-16). Because past research has found that it is not divorce but the child’s perspective of marital conflict that is the crucial factor in examining negative outcomes, it was hypothesized that children who reported worry about marital conflict would show greater internalizing symptomatology than those who reported no worries, regardless of whether they came from intact or divorced homes. Internalized symptomatology was operationalized by children’s scores on anxiety and depression scales, as well as the number and severity of clinical diagnoses. Results revealed that worriers had significantly higher levels of anxiety than non-worriers. They were also elevated in depression. The results did not support the hypothesis that worriers from divorced homes would show the most severe internalizing symptomatology. Results are discussed in terms of the marital conflict and the childhood anxiety literature.

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Hanania, Rima. "Selective attention and attention shifting in preschool children." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380084.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the program in Cognitive Science, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 19, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7881. Adviser: Linda B. Smith.

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Hernandez, Armstrong Geniel Amelia. "THE INFLUENCE OF MOTHERS CONCERNS FOR THEIR CHILDREN ON STAY-LEAVE DECISION MAKING FOR WOMEN EXPERIENCING INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE: A COMPARISON OF WOMEN WITH CHILDREN AND WOMEN WITHOUT CHILDREN." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12132009-200651/.

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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) occurs in 10-69% of the worlds population (World Health Organization, 2002). Women are at much greater risk of experiencing IPV than men. Physical, sexual, and emotional abuse has a psychological impact, not only upon the individual, but family members and future inter-familial generations. The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as feelings of helplessness and emotional numbing may impede a womans decision making and help-seeking activities. Additionally, it has been found that about half of women who experience abuse have children, and that children witnessing IPV are at a greater risk for abuse, behavioral problems, and psychological problems. The following study addresses how women consider their children in their decision making processes. Two-hundred semi-structured interviews were analyzed using NVivo8 computer software (2008), inter-rating reliabilities, and grounded theory. Themes regarding the stay-leave decision making process for women with children are presented. Additionally, quantitative analysis was used to examine significant differences between women with children and women without children on the variables of length of time spent in the relationship and on the severity of violence experienced by women. Results indicate that women with children remain in violent relationships longer and endure a higher frequency of severe abuse.

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Nolan, Alexander. "Adults' mental representations of children." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59035/.

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The introductory chapter provides a brief exploration of the history of childhood, and childhood representations, in Western popular thinking over the last 500 years. It also provides a brief discussion of the implications of these representations on policy, the study of children, and adult social cognition. In Chapter 2, two experiments explore the potential effects of including children in representations of outgroups on attitudes towards the outgroup, with inconclusive findings. In Chapter 3, three experiments explore the effects of priming the category of children on impressions of a novel ambiguous target (the Donald paradigm). Methodological issues and inconsistent findings mar the interpretation of effects, but an improved set of category labels for future studies of child category priming are considered in the general discussion. In Chapter 4 I take a step back and systematically explore the ways in which different childhood age groups (babies, toddlers, children, and teenagers) are represented. The first stage of data collection determined the typical age boundaries identified for children and the labels by which we delineate these different age groups. The next stage identified the emotions, beliefs, and behaviours relevant to attitudes to these groups in an open-ended listing exercise. There were differences in the content and endorsement of attitude components towards the age groups, with broadly more negative components towards older child groups than younger ones. In addition, there were fewer nurturing related components but more reparative behaviours as the age of the child increased. Chapter 5 built on these findings by developing the Child Attitude Component Scale (CACS) and testing the convergent and discriminant validity of this scale. Scores on the CACS were related but distinct from scores on measures about beliefs about humanity in general, such as the Humanity Esteem Scale and Polarity Scale. The CACS was also distinct from individual differences in emotional regulation and appraisal, self-esteem, social desirability responding and beliefs about social hierarchy. Potential spheres for testing the CACS as a predictive tool in situations concerning children are discussed alongside limitations and future directions in Chapter 6.

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Horsten, Debra Anne. "The social security rights of children in South Africa / by D.A. Horsten." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/284.

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The concept of social security was introduced into the South African constitutional system through section 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Section 27(l)(c) of the Constitution states that everyone has the right to have access to social security including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependants, appropriate social assistance and that the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources to achieve the progressive realisation of these rights. Section 28 of the Constitution relates directly to the social security rights of children and drafted as an internally unqualified constitutional right. The Constitutional Court has, however, in The Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Grootboom and Others 2000 11 BCLR 1169 (CC), subjected section 28 to the same internal limitations as the other social security rights in the Bill of Rights. The question which this study addresses is whether or not South Africa government is in compliance with its constitutional and international law obligations in respect of the social security rights of children. Social assistance in respect of children takes the form of grants, specifically the child support grant, the foster child grant and the care dependency grant. Due to the categorical nature of children's social security rights, it is submitted that the state is currently conforming to neither the guidelines laid down in the Grootboom case in respect reasonableness and progressive realisation, nor its international obligations in terms of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the United Nations on Convention on the Rights of the Child, the African Charter on Human and People's Rights and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. In response to this submission the following are some of the recommendations flowing from this study: 1) In respect of the child support grant, the amount of the grant should be increased to correspond with the prevailing poverty rate and linked to inflation; the grant should be made more universally accessible, to include child headed households, refugee children, children of non-citizens and all children under the age of 18; the means test should be reviewed or done away with completely and the take-up rate of grant should be improved. 2) The care dependency grant should be extended to include non-citizen and refugee children as well as children with minor disabilities, chronic illnesses and HIVIAIDS or a supplementary needs grant for such children should be introduced. 3) Foster parents should be provided with incentives to take in HIV-positive children or children with disabilities. 4) The courts should, either themselves, or by a mandate to government, start developing minimum core entitlements in respect of basic rights.
Thesis (LL.M. (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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Wang, Yu. "The Association between Household Food Security and Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Children." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1289589496.

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Bartkowski, Lindsey Marie. "The Association Between Household Food Security and Dental Caries in Young Children." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405461794.

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Kelley, Timothy D. "Systemic effects of human factors in information security." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3665483.

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This dissertation couples the growing corpus of human subjects and behavioral research in information security with large-scale data and robust quantitative methods. Linking human subject experimentation with theoretical models enables the information security community to reason more effectively about the system-wide effects of user behavior. I examine how users interact with the digital environment, how those interactions affect decision-making, and how aggregate decision-making affects system-wide vulnerabilities. This interdisciplinary challenge requires a combination of techniques from cognitive neuroscience, social network analysis, human-subjects research, dynamical systems, network theory, and agent-based models.

In the first section, eye-tracking data demonstrates the relationships between expertise and online perceptual awareness of security cues. Expertise is shown to be only a small factor in attention to security cues, and task-type proves to be much larger indicator of attention, with tasks requiring the use of personal accounts driving attention to cues. This section uses Bayesian ANOVA to evaluate users' perceptual awareness of security cues as they complete common online tasks, as it relates to user sophistication and task type.

The second section uses a theoretical epidemiological model of malware spread to investigate factors that might mitigate the prevalence of malware in a coupled, two-population model. This both demonstrates that cost is the largest factor for affecting malware prevalence, outside of malware infection rates, and identifies appropriate strategies for system-wide botnet mitigation.

The final section utilizes an agent-based model of mobile application adoption combined with social network data and mobile marketplace policy. The result is an examination of the dynamic effects of user and market behavior on the spread of mobile malware and the second order effects, such as privacy loss, due to that spread. This model reveals that well-regulated markets are effective at limiting malware spread, but user behavior grows in importance as markets become less restricted.

Each study examines ways in which users interact with their technology, the aggregate effects of those behaviors, and identifies possible inflection points to change system-wide behaviors. This dissertation integrates empirical behavioral studies to develop a better understanding of digital behavior, thus enabling a more holistic approach to information security.

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29

Saros, Nicole. "Consultation for Children with Developmental Delays." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95674.

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The primary objective ofthe present study was to examine the effectiveness of problem-solving consultation and videotape therapy in reducing externalizing behavior problems in children with developmental delays. Multiple measures were used to determine intervention efficacy (e.g., observations ofparent-child interactions, recorded frequency of childrens' behavior, and ratings from responses on standardized parent questionnaires). A second objective was to explore the relationship between parent and child behavior, The researcher evaluated the quality of parent-child interactions, in terms of childrens' behavior problems (e.g., compliance) and parents' skills (e.g., praise), prior to and following participation in the intervention program. The relationships between parent adjustment variables (e.g., parent stress and depressive symptoms), externalizing behavior problems in children, and the quality of parent-child interactions were assessed. Parent adjustment was measured by self-report with standardized questionnaires that evaluated parent stress and depression. The twelve-week intervention program was provided to 22 children, parents, and teachers. A multiple-baseline research design was used and standardized measures were completed by parents at pre-and postintervention.[...]
Le premier objectif de la présente étude était d'examiner l'efficacité de la consultation utilisant un système de résolution des problèmes avec la thérapie base sur des vidéos pour la réduction des problèmes de comportement chez les enfants avec un retard développemental. Des mesures multiples ont été utilisées pour déterminer l'efficacité d'intervention (par exemple, observations des interactions de parent-enfant, la fréquence enregistrée du comportement des enfants et les estimations des réponses de parent sur les questionnaires normalisés). L'investigateur a évalue la qualité des interactions de parent enfant, spécifiquement en termes de problèmes du comportement des enfants (par exemple : conformité) et les compétences de parents' (par exemple, éloge), avant et âpres la participation au programme d'intervention. Le rapport entre les variables d'ajustement émotionnel de parent (par exemple, effort de parent et symptômes dépressifs), les problèmes de comportement chez les enfants et la qualité des interactions de parent-enfant ont été évalues. L'ajustement émotionnel de parent a été mesure par rapport individuel avec des questionnaires normalises qui a permis d'évaluer la dépression et l'angoisse de parent. Le programme d'intervention de douze semaines a été fourni a22 enfants, parents, et professeurs. Un protocole expérimental de multiple ligne de base a été employé et des questionnaires normalises ont été utilises avant et après l'intervention, les questionnaires ont été remplis par les parents.[...]

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30

Hogg, C. M. "Hyperactive children and their social relationships." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384453.

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Maridaki-Kassotaki, Katerina. "Conceptual instability in children and adults." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385678.

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Henry, Lucy A. "The development of memory in children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253175.

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Lord, Richard. "Information-processing impairments in clumsy children." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375427.

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Pretzlik, Ursula. "Children coping with a serious illness." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019084/.

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A solid empirical base is needed to expand our understanding of coping in children who are seriously ill. The six studies reported were designed to describe the ways seriously ill children cope with their illness and treatment, and to explore factors (both individual and familial) which influence their coping. The choice of instniments and design were influenced by the Lazanis and Folkman transactional model of stress and coping (1984), especially their concept of coping. In the first study the Kidcope Checklist (Spirito et at, 1988) was adapted to a younger British sample by adjusting the language and by producing a colour coded response sheet. Validity and test-retest reliability were established. In the five hospital based studies 53 children (7-16 years) and their parents took part. All the children had leukaemia or aplastic anaemia. Children's coping was examined in detail by applying a variety of research methods, which included observation during a medical procedure (Observation Scale of Behavioural Distress and coping behaviour), a questionnaire about children's perception of competence and selfworth (Self Perception Profile for Children) and a semi-structured interview about their coping strategies (Kidcope). Parental coping and the social environment of the family were studied through Coping Health Inventory for Parents and the Family Environment Scale. Results show that the children's coping was significantly related to the context of the problem (everyday-life difficulty, illness related and medical treatment) but much less to the individual differences (sex, age, experience with the illness and self esteem). Children who rated themselves at interview as more distressed during the blood test were observed to show more distress behaviour; this validated the distress assessment of Kideope. Children who were observed taking an active interest in the blood test displayed less distress behaviour and had higher self esteem than children who showed no interest in the procedure. Results from parents and the family are discussed with reference to the children's self reported and observed coping. Some relationships were found between parents' coping with their child's illness, the social climate of the family and the children's way of coping. The findings contribute to our understanding of children's coping processes and help to bridge the gap between theory and research.

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Kell, Ina June. "Attitudes towards psychological mistreatment of children." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283422.

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Mayhall, Christine Ann. "Adult children of alcoholics : intimacy and identity." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1240657467.

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Deller, Ingrid G. "Women's Experiences of Being without Children." Thesis, William James College, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270570.

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For many, bearing children is not a choice, it is considered the norm, a rite of passage. Despite this view, in the past two decades, there has been a substantial increase in the number of families without children, and the number of women who do not have children has doubled. While women who have chosen to be without children have increasingly gained acceptance in society, they continue to experience varying degrees of stigma. This research project reviewed the literature on the topic of women without children, and investigated the subjective experience of ten women who have decided to not have children. This study explored the decision process, particularly, how the participants arrived at the decision to not have children as well as the impact their choice had on their sense of self. The method used was a semi-structured interview, and data from these interviews was analyzed to identify themes that emerged from the participants’ narratives. The findings of this study revealed that the choice to forego motherhood is complex and that several factors can impact one’s decision, including others’ opinions. Some of these factors included their background and experience of being a child as well as their role within their family. The participants made reference to the way their mothers identified with being a ‘mom’ and not wanting to identify as such. They expressed doubts about their ability to manage parenting and bringing a child into a dangerous world. Also of concern was the idea of meeting the demands of parenting, including the expense of raising children. Lastly, the participants identified health reasons as a factor, as well as the physical demands of pregnancy and childbirth.

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Gupta, Atika M. "Mothers' Cognitive Empathy Towards Their Biracial Children." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/768.

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Limited research has been conducted on biracial people. Of the current research that examines mother’s cognitive empathy towards her child, there is little focus on how the differences in perceived racialization of the child (child is perceived as racially similar, dissimilar, or mixed in comparison to his or her mother) may influence mother’s cognitive empathy towards her child. The current study will question whether perceived phenotypic racialization of the child, race of the mother, gender of the child, and diversity of the neighborhood that the mother and child live in influence mothers’ cognitive empathy towards their children. The participants will be 480 mothers who are Asian (120), Black (120), Hispanic (120), and White (120), whose first-born child is biracial, male or female, and between the ages of 7 and 10. Participants will complete an adapted version of the Parent Development Interview (PDI), coded with a modified version of the Parent Affective and Cognitive Empathy Scale (PACES). The results will show that there are significant differences in how mothers empathize with their children due to a range of variables. The findings will add to the literature on biracial people and may help aid future studies on the implications that differing levels of cognitive empathy have on mother-child relationships and development.

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Warren, Annmarie Maione 1968. "Neuropsychological aspects of sustained attention in sexually abused children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282289.

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Attention is one advanced skill in the field of neuropsychology which is associated with the frontal lobe of the human brain. As there have been many studies supporting the idea that sexually abused children demonstrate attentional deficits (Williamson, Borduin, & Howe, 1991; Putnam, 1993; Mennen, 1994; Maynes, 1994), the current study sought to assess attentional deficits in sexually abused children, and then establish any relationship linking child sexual abuse (CSA) and neuropsychology. Victims of sexual abuse have also been found to demonstrate higher levels of anxiety than non-sexually abused children (Conte & Schuerman 1987; Briere & Runtz, 1988; Heibert-Murphy 1992; Mennen & Meadow, 1994; Trickett & Putnam, 1994b). Secondarily, this study examined level of anxiety, in an effort to determine whether the children's attentional problems could be related to high anxiety level. Both the neuropsychological ability to sustain attention and self-reports of level of anxiety were examined in a group of thirty children, fifteen of whom had been sexually abused and fifteen who were reported to be non-sexually abused, for the purpose of learning whether any differences would be discovered between the two groups. Sustained attention was measured through three different assessment instruments: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Mazes subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition, and the Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B. Anxiety was measured by the children's self-reports of anxiety on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Although trends of greater perseverative responses to attentional tasks were found in the sexually abused group, no significant main effects for group were found on the neuropsychological test performance. Similar to the findings of previous research studies, the sexually abused group displayed significantly higher levels of physiological anxiety, worry/oversensitivity, and social concerns. Present findings seem to suggest that attentional difficulties in sexually abused children may be more related to emotional than neuropsychological difficulties.

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Coleman, Myralynn. "Possessions of school-aged children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/656.

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Kunnavatana, Soraya Shanun. "A rapid treatment analysis for noncompliance in young children." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/300.

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This study used an alternating-treatment design to determine the most effective treatment for noncompliance in five children (ages 2–5 years) and to train caregivers to implement the treatment during a 120-min outpatient meeting. Three treatments were assessed: high-probability instruction sequence, three-step guided compliance, and an eye contact procedure. The sessions took place in a university clinic and the parents acted as therapists during assessment and treatment. Generalization probes were conducted in the children's homes to further assess the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment and to evaluate the level of treatment integrity evidenced by the parents. An increase in compliance was observed during the generalization probe sessions for four of the five children. Four families implemented the prescribed treatment with at least 80% integrity after leaving the clinic, and all families reported being satisfied with the prescribed treatment.

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Lloyd-Young, Mandy. "An ecosystemic assessment of the 'children of divorce intervention program' for children between the ages of eight to twelve years." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18311.

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Bibliography: p. 236-244.
This study has been an attempt to understand the progression of twenty-eight 'children of divorce' as they have participated in the Children of Divorce Intervention Program (CODIP) and through the fifteen-month follow-up period thereafter. There were 15 girls and 13 boys; their ages ranged from 7 to 13 years; they were in grades 2 to 7 at school; 20 children were of middle-class status, 8 children were from lower socio-economic backgrounds; 7 children had parents whose divorce was pending, the other 21 children had parents who had been divorced between 3 months and 11 years; and 26 of the 28 children were in the custody of their mothers.

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Sinclair, Leilani K. "Therapy Contraindicated| Treatment Challenges in Working with Severely Alienated Children." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10830075.

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This thesis explores issues of accessibility, quality, and effectiveness in the treatment by mental health professionals of children exhibiting severe cases of parental alienation syndrome (PAS). It presents treatment options that reflect the most up-to-date approaches, research and extensive experience, and the current knowledge base established by expert clinicians. Hermeneutic research finds the need for increased support, education, and additional resources to enable professionals to provide PAS-informed approaches when working with children and families in high-conflict divorce situations, particularly children presenting with extreme behaviors, including traits associated with psychopathology and mental illness. The author integrates personal experience in seeking to support a loved one who was the targeted parent of a severely alienated child. This heuristic account is based on witnessing a family struggling to find a way out of alienation and seeks to highlight the challenges of this client population.

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O'Mara, Lauren. "Children of a sandy heart and other stories." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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45

Ashbrook, Richard McBride. "Memory organization in attention deficit disorder children." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1371733849.

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46

Byron, Katie. "Disabled parents living without their children." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7374.

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This portfolio has three parts: a systematic literature review, an empirical paper and appendices. Part one is a systematic literature review in which the empirical literature relating to factors influencing decision making within the child protection context is reviewed. A systematic search of eight databases identified fourteen relevant studies. The findings suggest decisions within child protection are influenced by a range of factors. These factors cluster around the case, the decision-maker, the organisation and society. The implications of the findings emphasise the importance of reflective decision making practices. Future research is urgently needed in this area to increase understanding and facilitate better decisions that help children and their families. Part two is an empirical paper, which explores the experiences of parents with intellectual disabilities following their children entering the looked-after system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six parents and their experiences analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five super-ordinate themes emerged. The results highlight the need for the development of a different protocol for removing children and supporting parents with intellectual disabilities. Areas for future research are also discussed. Part three comprises the appendices which support the first two parts of this portfolio. This section also includes a reflective statement of the research process.

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Banbury, Sarah Jane. "Aspiration formation in looked after children." Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10482.

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The portfolio has three parts: Part one: A systematic literature review of evidence based and theoretically derived models of civic engagement development in adolescence. Part two: A qualitative research study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore looked after children’s ideas for the future and the factors that contribute to the formation of these aspirations. Part three: Appendices consisting of documents relating to the systematic literature review and the qualitative research study. A reflective statement and an epistemological statement are also included.

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Hannigan, Kerry. "Protection and security in a technologically advanced society : children and young people's perspectives." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21562.

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The continuous advancement of new technology, specifically in the area of internet technology, has led to an increase in concerns surrounding children and young people’s safety when online. The following thesis describes a study of protection and security on the internet from the perspective of children and young people and contributes and expands on the findings of my Masters Dissertation which examined parents’ perceptions of children at risk on the internet. The research focuses on young people’s perspectives about what risks they face and what would keep them safe and is set within literature on child sex abusers and internet grooming. The thesis is based on an online survey which gathered information about the behaviour and opinions of 859 children and young people living in Scotland. Findings were separated into four main topics: children and young people’s behaviour on the internet, children and young people’s perception of strangers both online and offline, children and young people’s opinion of education on internet safety and children and young people’s opinion of the government’s role in relation to their safety online. Respondents’ stated that they wanted to be protected when on the internet (whilst acknowledging their own responsibility when online), either by the government or through those responsible for the content of the internet. They also provided several suggestions on how schools and the government can do more to listen to their voices and improve internet safety education. There were a number of children and young people who reported that they disclosed personal information over the internet (their own and that of their friends and family) and that they were willing to meet people in the real environment whom they had been communicating with online: many respondents’ viewed internet ‘strangers’ as different from ‘strangers’ in the real environment. Vygotsky’s (1978) theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Wood et al.’s (1976) development of the concept of scaffolding, which has been developed in an educational rather than criminological context, were identified as offering some promise for explaining the behaviour of both the victims and the offender as other theories of sexual offending (either specific theories or explanations developed from general theories) are incapable of fully providing an explanation that will encompass grooming in general and online grooming in particular. It is argued that if these theories are applied to internet safety education they have the potential to empower children and young people and make grooming tactics and approaches less effective. The findings also indicated that more child and young people-oriented protection measures may be needed. Perceptions of protection and security on the internet were wide ranging but respondents were keen to provide possible solutions and examples of how to improve their safety when online. This would suggest that communicating with children and young people when developing policy, legislation, research and educational materials is the way forward if we wish to improve their safety and eliminate or reduce the dangers they face when using the internet.

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Loss, Nancy. "An exploration of attention in children with myelomeningocele /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487936356159959.

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50

Haider, Mariam. "Emotional and behavioural problems among Pakistani children." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94914.

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The first objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rates of emotional and behavioural problems among Pakistani children. Age and gender effects were also investigated. The internal consistency and construct validity of the Urdu Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were examined. In addition, the Pakistani sample was compared to a demographically similar American sample. Parents of 600 children ranging in age from 6 to 16 years completed the Urdu CBCL, with the sample divided equally between boys and girls. Data were collected from private and public schools in the Pakistani city of Lahore. A higher prevalence of Internalizing Problems as compared to Externalizing Problems was found in the overall sample. Within empirical syndromes, Anxious/Depressed was the most prevalent whereas among the DSM-oriented scales, Somatic Problems were the most prevalent. Similar to other cultures, there were significant gender differences with a higher degree of Externalizing Problems scores among boys as compared to girls. The converse was true for Internalizing Problems. Consistent with other cultures, Internalizing Problems increased with age whereas Externalizing Problems decreased with age. Despite the cross-cultural similarities in developmental trends, there was a significant effect of culture. Based on Cohen's criteria (1988), the effect size for Culture was medium (.06) for Total Problems scores. Cross-cultural comparisons indicated that Pakistani children had higher scores on all the scales except Thought Problems. The high Pakistani scores may be attributed to the current increase in violence and terrorism in Lahore. Current findings support the ecological-transactional model. There were also some significant interactions. Findings also indicated that the Urdu CBCL has adequate internal consistency in the current sample. With regard to construct validity, there is good convergent validity whereas discriminant validity needs to be improved. The theoreti
L'objectif principal de l'étude a été d'examiner les taux de prévalence des problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux parmi les enfants Pakistanais. L'effet dû à l'âge et au sexe ont également été étudié. La cohérence interne et la validité conceptuelle du CBCL de l'Ourdou ont été examinées. De plus, un prélevé des échantillons de Pakistanais fut comparé à celle d'une démographique Américaine. Les parents de 600 enfants âgés de 6 à 16 ans ont complété le CBCL en Ourdou, avec l'échantillon divisé également entre garçons et filles. Les données ont été recueillies parmi les écoles privées et publiques dans la ville Pakistanaise de Lahore. Une plus haute prévalence de problèmes d'internalisation comparée aux problèmes d'externalisation a été trouvée dans l'échantillon. Dans le cadre de syndrome empirique, soucieux/déprimé était la plus répandue mais parmi l'échelle DSM, les problèmes somatiques ont été la plus répandue. Semblable aux autres cultures, il y avait d'importantes différences entre les sexes avec un degré plus élevé de problème d'extériorisation parmi les garçons comparativement aux filles. L'inverse était vrai pour les problèmes d'internalisation. Les problèmes d'internalisation augmentent avec l'âge mais les problèmes d'extériorisation diminuent avec l'âge. Malgré les ressemblances interculturelles dans les tendances du développement, il y avait un effet accordé par la culture. Fondé sur les critères de Cohen (1988), l'effet de la Culture était moyenne (0.06) pour les résultats totale. La comparaison interculturelle a indiqué que les enfants Pakistanais avaient de meilleurs résultats sur toutes les échelles sauf ceux des problèmes qui font réfléchir. Les résultants peuvent être attribués à l'augmentation de la violence et du terrorisme à Lahore. Les constatations actuelles soutiennent le model écologique-transactionnel. Il y avait également des interactions signif

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Security (Psychology) in children'

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