Journal articles: 'Security (Psychology) in children'

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Capps, Lisa, Marian Sigman, and Peter Mundy. "Attachment security in children with autism." Development and Psychopathology 6, no. 2 (1994): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004569.

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AbstractNineteen autistic children were examined in a modified version of Ainsworth's Strange Situation. The attachment security of 15 children could be classified. Each of these children displayed disorganized attachment patterns, but almost half (40%) of them were subclassified as securely attached. To assess the validity of the attachment classifications, children and their mothers were observed in a separate interaction. Mothers of children who were subclassified as securely attached displayed greater sensitivity than mothers of children who were subclassified as insecurely attached. Children who were subclassified as securely attached more frequently initiated social interaction with their mothers than did children who were subclassified as insecurely attached. Children with secure and insecure subclassifications were compared to investigate correlations between attachment organization and representational ability and social-emotional understanding. Although children with underlying secure attachments were no more likely to initiate joint attention, they were more responsive to bids for joint attention, made requests more frequently, and demonstrated greater receptive language ability than children subclassified as insecurely attached. Discussion focuses on dynamics that may contribute to individual differences in the attachment organization of autistic children and on the reciprocal relationship between advances in our understanding of normal and pathological development.

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McCabe, Allyssa, Carole Peterson, and Dianne M. Connors. "Attachment security and narrative elaboration." International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 5 (September 2006): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406071488.

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A key means of getting to know someone is through the sharing of personal experience narratives, an ability that shows considerable individual variation. Past research has documented a relationship between narration in conversations between children and their mothers and attachment security. However, children's narrative contributions are often embedded in an ongoing conversation which may be structured differently by mothers who also have assessed the extent to which their children use them as a secure base. In the present project, these two measurements were independent. Children's narration to an attentive, but non-scaffolding, stranger was investigated to see whether that, too, would correlate with security as assessed by mothers. Participants were 32 4-year-old children and their mothers. The security of children's attachment to their mother was assessed using the revised parent-reported 90-item Q-Sort and correlated with two measures of narration. One was simple length in words of the three longest narratives told to a friendly stranger, and the other was a composite formed from specific scored narrative variables. Both narrative measures were significantly correlated with attachment security, even after partialling out the effects of gender, age, and receptive vocabulary.These results suggest that securely-attached children have internalized the inclination to disclose themselves by means of relating narratives of some length and have begun to generalize this to adults outside their family.

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Newcombe, Rhiannon, and Elaine Reese. "Evaluations and orientations in mother–child narratives as a function of attachment security: A longitudinal investigation." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 3 (May 2004): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000460.

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The present study examined the socialisation of children’s narrative ability across the preschool period, exploring the association between children’s and mothers’ narrative style and children’s attachment security. Fifty-six children and their mothers engaged in past event memory conversations about everyday shared past experiences when the children were aged 19, 25, 32, 40, and 51 months. At 19 months, mothers completed the Attachment Q-Set (Version 3.0) as a measure of children’s attachment security. Importantly, the results showed different patterns of narrative use and socialisation as a function of children’s attachment security. Specifically, securely attached children and their mothers used more evaluations over time, had a more consistent narrative style, and had more bidirectional influences. We clarify the narrative socialisation process and discuss the link between attachment and narrative.

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Koomen, Helma M. Y., and Jan B. Hoeksma. "Regulation of Emotional Security by Children after Entry to Special and Regular Kindergarten Classes." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3_suppl (December 2003): 1319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1319.

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In this paper early adaptation after children's entry to kindergarten is conceptualized as a process of achieving emotional security. It was hypothesized that children adapt to school by means of security seeking from the teacher and behavioral inhibition. 30 normal children from regular classes and 36 children with a variety of problems, e.g., behavioral, emotional, and family problems, from special classes were rated by their teachers on the Inhibition Scale and Security Seeking Scale on 5 occasions during the first 3 mo. at school. By the end of this period teachers judged the intensity of behavior problems on the Internalizing Problem Scale and the Externalizing Problem Scale. Analysis showed that initial high scores on the Security Seeking Scale and Inhibition Scale decreased sharply during the first weeks, and that children from special classes scored consistently higher on the Security Seeking Scale and more variable on the Inhibition Scale than children from regular classes. Girls had higher scores than boys on both scales. Recent stress in the family as rated by the teacher was positively related to both scores on the Inhibition and Security Seeking Scales after entry. Finally, scores on the Security Seeking and Inhibition Scales over the first three months predicted scores on the Internalizing Problem Scale by the end of this period, especially for children in special classes. We conclude that understanding adaptation after school entry as a process of obtaining emotional security is productive, providing a means to link entry behavior to precursors and consequences.

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Lal, Shafali. "Giving children security: Mamie Phipps Clark and the racialization of child psychology." American Psychologist 57, no. 1 (January 2002): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.57.1.20.

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Koomen, Helma M. Y., Jan B. Hoeksma, Henriette F. C. M. Keller, and Peter F. de Jong. "Scales for Teachers' Assessment of Inhibition and Security Seeking in Kindergarten Children." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3 (June 1999): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3.767.

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For young children separation from their primary caregivers can give rise to feelings of emotional insecurity, which are manifested by inhibition of behavior and seeking security from a substitute caregiver. The present study examined the quality of two new scales, the Inhibition Scale and the Security Seeking Scale, developed for teachers' assessment of inhibition and security-seeking behaviors. Participants were 121 kindergarten children. Reliability and short-term stability of both scales proved to be good. Relationships with four major dimensions of personality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness Agrceableness, and Emotional Stability, were examined by means of teachers' judgements on the School Behavior Checklist Revised. The validity of the Inhibition Scale and the Security Seeking Scale was supported by the findings. Scores on both scales appeared to be negatively related to those on Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The negative association with scores on Extraversion was stronger for scores on the Inhibition Scale than for those on the Security Seeking Scale. Neither scale was related to the nonemotional dimension Conscientiousness. In addition, scores on both the Inhibition and Security Seeking Scale appeared negatively related to the time passed since entry into kindergarten.

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Kuhlthau, Karen, James M. Perrin, Susan L. Ertner, Thomas J. McLaughlin, and Steven L. Gcrtmaker. "High‐Expenditure Children With Supplemental Security Income." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38, no. 5 (May 1999): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199905000-00039.

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Haen, Craig. "Rebuilding Security: Group Therapy with Children Affected by September 11." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 55, no. 3 (July 2005): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2005.55.3.391.

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Crowe, Kate. "Secure Welfare Services: Risk, Security and Rights of Vulnerable Young People in Victoria, Australia." Youth Justice 16, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225416639396.

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The Victorian Children Youth and Families Act 2005 authorises the detention of children aged 10–17 years in Secure Welfare Services (SWS) if there is a substantial and immediate risk of harm. Children are generally on protection orders and administratively detained by the Department of Human Services. In 2014, the Children, Youth and Families Amendment (Security Measures) Bill 2013 was passed uncontested in parliament. It codifies existing SWS practices including searches, seizure of property, use of force and seclusion. The Security Measures Bill and associated government discourse construct children as risk and security as a necessary precursor to meeting their welfare needs. These conceptualisations problematise the safeguarding of children’s rights.

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Liao, Chuanjing, Yu Hu, and Jinfu Zhang. "Measuring the Sense of Security of Children Left Behind in China." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 10 (November 18, 2014): 1585–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.10.1585.

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Our primary purpose in this study was to determine the structure of sense of security of children left behind in China, and to develop and validate a suitable measure for this. Participants were 1,836 pupils at rural Chinese schools, 100 of whom completed open surveys and semistructured interviews, 289 of whom completed the preliminary survey, and 1,447 of whom completed the final survey. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor solution, comprising 26 items that explained 56.08% of the variance. A confirmatory factor analysis replicated the initial factor structure, indicating satisfactory goodness-of-fit and internal consistency. The reliability and validity of the resulting Questionnaire of Sense of Security for Children Left Behind has considerable potential for use in the context of rural China for research about children who have been left behind.

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Granot, David, and Ofra Mayseless. "Attachment security and adjustment to school in middle childhood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 25, no. 6 (November 2001): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000366.

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The concurrent association between security of attachment and adaptive functioning at school in middle childhood was examined. A sample of 113 children of 4th and 5th grade ” lled out a self-report measure of attachment security (Kerns, Klepac, & Cole, 1996) and were administered the Doll Story Completion task (Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990b) modi” ed for use with children in middle childhood to assess the quality and the security of attachment-related representations of the relationship with the mother. According to the latter measure children were classi” ed as secure, avoidant, ambivalent, or disorganised with regard to attachment. Their teachers completed several questionnaires assessing each child’s academic achievement, emotional and social adjustment, and frequency of behavioural problems. In addition, each participating class underwent a sociometric procedure. Findings based on correlations and comparisons of attachment groups indicated that secure children showed better adjustment to school as reflected in teachers’ reports of scholastic, emotional, social, and behavioural adjustment, as well as in peer-rated social status. Avoidant and disorganised children showed the poorest adjustment. Findings indicated the usefulness of attachment theory in understanding adjustment to the school environment in middle childhood.

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Torres, Nuno, Joana Maia, Manuela Veríssimo, Marilia Fernandes, and Filipa Silva. "Attachment security representations in institutionalized children and children living with their families: links to problem behaviour." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 19, no. 1 (January 6, 2011): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.739.

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Goldner, Limor, and Miri Scharf. "Attachment Security, Personality, and Adjustment of Elementary School Children." Journal of Genetic Psychology 174, no. 5 (September 2013): 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2012.709201.

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Dimond, Claire, and Martin Butwell. "Children admitted to high security (special) hospital." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 13, no. 4 (November 2003): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.551.

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Eltantawy, Mahmoud Mohamed. "The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on Self-Management Skills in Developing Independent Behavior and Safety and Security Skills of Children with Intellectual Disability." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 11, no. 2 (May 2, 2023): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2023.11.02.4.

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Background: Children with intellectual disabilities suffer from many deficiencies that negatively affect their adaptation and transition from one stage to another. Objective: The current study aimed at developing independent behavior, safety, and security skills of children with an intellectual disability through a program based on self-management skills. Methods: The study sample consisted of (20) children with mild intellectual disabilities enrolled in classes from the fourth to the sixth primary. The sample was divided into two groups; the experimental group to which the training program has been applied, consisting of (10) children, and the control group (10) children. The study relied on the quasi-experimental method. As such, the training program is perceived to be the independent variable, while the independent behavior, safety, and security skills are considered the dependent ones. The study is based on a number of tools that are prepared by the researcher, the scale of independent behavior of children with intellectual disabilities, the scale of safety and security skills of children with intellectual disabilities, and the training program based on self-management skills. Results: The study's results disclosed the effectiveness of the training program used in developing independent behavior and safety and security skills of children with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The effectiveness of self-management strategies such as self-monitoring, self-reinforcement, self-instruction, and problem-solving in developing the independent behavior and security and safety skills of children with intellectual disabilities has been proven.

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Msall, Michael E., Fernando Bobis, and Shelly Field. "Children With Disabilities and Supplemental Security Income." Infants & Young Children 19, no. 1 (January 2006): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001163-200601000-00002.

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Abuzaid, Suad M. O. "Consequences of Coronavirus as a Predictor of Emotional Security among Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.04.6.

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Parents of children with intellectual disability (ID) suffer from comparatively emotional insecurity compared to parents of children without ID, especially during periods of crisis, such as the outbreak of coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of Coronavirus as a predictor of emotional security among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities were considered for data collection. The study group of the research consists of 120 mothers who have children with intellectual disabilities. They aged 23-55 years, (M= 43.23, SE=0.075). Consequences of Coronavirus Questionnaire (CCQ-20) and Emotional Security Scale (ESS-20) were used to collect and analyze data. For this study, quantitative survey research was employed. The independent variable is the consequences of Coronavirus, and emotional security is the dependent variable. The independent variable is the consequences of Coronavirus, and emotional security is the dependent variable. To test the hypotheses of the study, Pearson correlation and Linear regression analysis were conducted. Findings indicate that the independent variable (Coronavirus) contributed to the prediction of emotional security among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Findings of the current study indicate that the greater the Consequences of Corona, the less emotionally secure the mother is likely to feel during the COVID-19 lockdown in Saudi Arabia.

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Hoban, Iuliia. "Objects and subjects: Strategic use of childhood in the debate over the Canadian contribution to MINUSMA." Childhood 27, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568220909887.

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The debate over the scope of the Canadian military’s contribution to the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali evolved from the ambitious promise of ground troops to the deployment of narrow support to the mission. This article examines how the strategic use of childhood in political persuasion shaped security discourse and the nature of the Canadian contribution to United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali. This article analyzes political and media genres of discourse to examine mechanisms which (re)constructed, legitimized, and constituted childhoods during the debate on the Canadian peacekeeping deployment to Mali. Looking through the lens of critical discursive analysis, the article demonstrates the policy implications of rendering children as, what Marshall Beier defined, “security anxieties.” Representing children as potential security threats to the Canadian Armed Forces reveals their agency; it also, however, ignores the multiple, fluid roles of children in areas of conflict. This reductionist type of agency calls for correction on behalf of policy actors, furthering the objectification of children as a political problem. Examining how childhood is employed in influencing the debate about the use of military force, this article enhances our understanding of how narratives on childhood have consequences for global security. This article also displays significant opportunities to use the critical discursive approach to explore the diverse and complex experiences of children in conflict zones and (post)conflict societies.

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Murphy, Tia Panfile, Kelsey McCurdy, Brianna Jehl, Megan Rowan, and Kelsey Larrimore. "Jealousy behaviors in early childhood: Associations with attachment and temperament." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025419877974.

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The current study examined the associations that children’s attachment and temperament share with individual differences in jealousy behaviors in early childhood. Previous research has found that secure children display fewer jealousy behaviors than their insecure counterparts, while other research has demonstrated that children with greater activity level and distress to limitations exhibit more jealousy behaviors and affect. In the present study of 83 mother–child dyads ( M age = 56.92 months), mothers reported their child’s attachment security and temperament, and children’s behaviors following jealousy-evoking events were observed. The results revealed that as security increased, children were less likely to exhibit externalizing jealousy behaviors, but temperament did not predict jealousy behaviors. These findings support the notion that attachment security is more related than temperament to this aspect of socioemotional development.

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Schölmerich, Axel, and Marcel A. G. van Aken. "Attachment Security and Maternal Concepts of Ideal Children in Northern and Southern Germany." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 725–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900403.

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The degree of attachment security and the concept of an "ideal child" were investigated by asking 83 mothers to describe the secure-base behaviour of either their own children or of an imagined "ideal child" using a German translation of Waters' (1987) Attachment Q-Set. Additionally, 11 German experts generated a "maximally secure" criterion sort, which was virtually identical with the established US criterion sort. Attachment security is highly desirable, as shown by the similarity between the profiles of the ideal descriptions and the security criterion sort. Two subsamples from Northern and Southern Germany showed similar intercorrelations of Attachment Q-Set subscales. We identified small differences in Northern and Southern mothers' perceptions of an "ideal" child in items relating to activity and independence. However, Northern and Southern mothers' descriptions of their toddlers did not differ in attachment security or dependence.

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Abdul Aziz, Nor Azah, Che Zarrina Sa’ari, and Suzaily Wahab. "Cyber Security for Children: Parental Monitoring from a Technological, Child Psychology and Islamic Psychospiritual Perspective during the Covid-19 Pandemic." Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam 24, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol25no1.3.

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Cyber ethics awareness and education is crucial when children surf the internet especially during the Covid-19 pandemic situations where internet use is a common norm. During the pandemic, children from preschool until secondary school level had to stay at home and learn online (Teaching and Learning at Home (PdPR)). In this study, interviews are conducted to parents on how children surf the internet during the pandemic and how parents monitor and advise their children. The findings of this research suggest that parental monitoring of children related to cyber issues is equally important for the children. Parents are noticeably given a lot of advice regarding the appropriate way of communicating when playing games, the types of games played by children, the commandments and prohibitions of Allah in Islam, and also the safety and health’s concern of children when playing games. Not only that, but parents also suggested to government agency such as Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) to increase regulation on those inapproproate websites in Malaysia and take proactive measures to prevent our personal data be misused by the cyber criminals such as scammers and pornorgraphy’s criminals. Proactive measures need to be taken by the government such as making restrictions on games like Mobile Legend because of the destructive effects it could have on the children’s behavior. Children who are negatively affected by the game will likely stay home most of the time and are reluctant to socialize. Besides, there are also other concerning safety issues raised by parents when children play games such as abusive words, bullies, games addiction and pornography

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Choi, Eun Jung, Margot J. Taylor, Soon-Beom Hong, Changdai Kim, and Soon-Hyung Yi. "The neural correlates of attachment security in typically developing children." Brain and Cognition 124 (July 2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2018.04.003.

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Langher, Viviana, Giuseppe Scurci, Giuseppe Tolve, and Andrea Caputo. "Perception of attachment security in families with children affected by neurological illness." Psihologija 46, no. 2 (2013): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1302099l.

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This study analyzes inter-family relationships of families with children with neurological problems using Bowlby?s attachment theory as model of reference. The research was conducted in two hospitals in Serbia specialized in neurological diseases: cerebral palsy and epilepsy. It is hypothesized that neurological problems could be associated to a discrepancy of inter-family attachment perceptions. Two groups were selected, a clinical one composed of 25 nuclear families: mother, father and child with a certified diagnosis of either cerebral palsy or epilepsy; and a control group of 25 nuclear families: mother, father and child with no pathology. Kerns, Klepac and Cole?s Security Scale (1996) was used for the investigation, with the addition of two modified version for administration to the parents. Data analysis demonstrated that the clinical group is substantively higher (p=.076) with respect to the discrepancy of attachment perceived by the children and the attribution of meaning that parents give to their child?s attachment perception towards them. Further analyses carried out on parent-child relationships demonstrated a significant difference (p =.017) between the clinical and control groups, with respect to the perception of father-child attachment. We conclude that in the clinical group, there is a discrepancy of attachment perceptions that particularly affects the father-child relationship. It appears that hospitalization and the consequent separation of the nuclear families may influence the formation of secure attachment relationships, in particular between father and child.

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Belsky, Jay, Becky Spritz, and Keith Crnic. "Infant Attachment Security and Affective-Cognitive Information Processing at Age 3." Psychological Science 7, no. 2 (March 1996): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00339.x.

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Three-year olds' attention toward and memory of affectively laden information presented in specially designed puppet shows were examined to test the hypothesis, based on Bowlby's theory of attachment and the internal-working-model construct central to the theory, that children with secure attachment histories (measured at 12 months) would prove less distractable during positive than negative events and would remember positive events more accurately than negative events, with the reverse being true of children with insecure attachment histories Support for this hypothesis emerged in the case of memory but not attention (for which no attachment effects emerged), even when infants' temperament-emotionality and general verbal intelligence were taken into consideration Results are discussed in terms of life-course implications of affective-cognitive information processing and directions for future research

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Preston, Noel. "“Justice and Security For Our Children”: The Rights of Children and Education." Children Australia 15, no. 2 (1990): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200002674.

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Jean Jacques Rousseau is arguably the grandfather of the modern discussion amongst educational theorists regarding the rights of the child. His own childhood was by contemporary standards a disaster and that of his own children even more so; nevertheless Rousseau laid down a programme for the education of one fictional male child, Emile. The proposal was radical in as much as it implied a child-centred focus for learning rather than a content-centered approach associated with the classical and mediaeval curriculum. Writing just before the dawn of modern democratic practices and two centuries before conventions of human rights, this romantic rogue reformer, was midwife to the tradition in education which focusses on the child. The discussion of this paper emerges from that tradition.

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Aguspriyanti, Carissa Dinar, Benny Benny, Rika Ayunda, Nadiah K. Artanti, M. Zidane Khairi, Fedrico Tysen, and Stivani Ayuning Suwarlan. "Peran Psikologi Arsitektur dalam Mewujudkan Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak di Dataran Engku Putri Batam." ARSITEKTURA 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v22i1.82064.

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<p><em>Considering the needs of children as users is essential when creating Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA). Hence, this study sought to explore how the psychology of architecture focused on user psychology and behavior can contribute to the creation of RPTRAs. This research at Dataran Engku Putri, Batam City, utilised qualitative descriptive methods involving literature study and observation techniques. The results revealed that this public space was less adequate in meeting the RPTRA criteria including security and safety, recreational function and comfort, ease of accessibility, park attractiveness, health, meeting social needs, and learning elements. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and develop specialised play facilities for children based on the five aspects of psychology of architecture, namely space, size and shape, furniture and its arrangement, colour and texture, sound, temperature, and lighting.</em></p>

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Muhamedrahimov, R. "Attachment In Young Children In Different Periods Of Russian Society." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, no. 4 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021477-0.

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Studies of attachment in different countries indicate negative changes in the distribution of attachment patterns in social risk children, as well as cultural differences in attachment distribution that emphasize the importance of socio-economic conditions in the formation of family life and parenting models. The current study compares the distribution of attachment patterns obtained in three studies of young children conducted in 1989 and 2017–2018, before and after a period of deep socio-economic and political crisis in Russian society, and in 1999 – early 2000s by the end of this period. In each study attachment quality was assessed in the Strange Situation. Results show that the distribution of attachment patterns in young Russian children corresponds to the “standard” distribution in studies of 1989 and 2017-2018, and indicates the significantly lower rates of secure attachment and higher rates of resistant and disorganized attachment in the study of 1999 – early 2000s. These results support the need of the positive socio-economic conditions in society favorably affecting the stability and security of family life and supporting the formation by young children the organized attachment and increase the rate of security.

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Stronach, Erin Pickreign, Sheree L. Toth, Fred Rogosch, and Dante Cicchetti. "Preventive interventions and sustained attachment security in maltreated children." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 4pt1 (November 2013): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000278.

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AbstractThirteen-month-old maltreated infants (n= 137) and their mothers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: child–parent psychotherapy (CPP), psychoeducational parenting intervention (PPI), or community standard (CS). A fourth group of nonmaltreated infants (n= 52) and their mothers served as a nonmaltreated comparison (NC) group. A prior investigation found that the CPP and the PPI groups demonstrated substantial increases in secure attachment at postintervention, whereas this change was not found in the CS and the NC groups. The current investigation involved the analysis of data obtained at a follow-up assessment that occurred 12 months after the completion of treatment. At follow-up, children in the CPP group had higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment than did children in the PPI or the CS group. Rates of disorganized attachment did not differ between the CPP and the NC groups. Intention to treat analyses also showed higher rates of secure attachment at follow-up in the CPP group relative to the PPI and the CS groups. However, groups did not differ on disorganized attachment. Both primary and intention to treat analyses demonstrated that maternal-reported child behavior problems did not differ among the four groups at the follow-up assessment. This is the first investigation to demonstrate sustained attachment security in maltreated children 12 months after the completion of an attachment theory informed intervention. The findings also suggest that, although effective in the short term, parenting interventions alone may not be effective in maintaining secure attachment in children over time.

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Meyer Thomsen, Tine, and Rasmus Bjerngaard. "PSYCHOLOGY IN HUMANITARIAN ACTION AND ARMED CONFLICT – A case story from the field." Psyke & Logos 30, no. 1 (July 31, 2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v30i1.8710.

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»Peace is a dream about having enough food to eat and a dream about attending school«. GIRL, 12 YEARS OLD, AND BOY, 13 YEARS OLD, NORTHERN UGANDA, AFRICA. From early 2004 to end 2006 Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) provided a protective night shelter for night commuting children in Northern Uganda. Originally the night shelter contained up to 4000 children and the children commuted every night from their villages to the shelter in fear of being abducted by the rebels for use as soldiers, sex slaves and porters. As the security situation improved and the number of night commuting children decreased during 2006 MSF conducted a qualitative research based screening of all 745 children remaining in the shelter in order to identify the psychosocial needs and level of vulnerability of the children. The screening was designed with advocacy and applied short term response in mind. The medical and mental health work with children and the screening work in particular brought forward general observations and reflections about the challenges and constraints of the clinical psychologist’s work in a humanitarian action and conflict setting. These are reflected in a set of lessons learned, one of the main points being the need of an integrated mental health approach that communicates within a simplified »diagnostic« culture-sensitive system based on psychosocial interventions.

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Cohen, Nancy J., and Fataneh Farnia. "Children adopted from China: Attachment security two years later." Children and Youth Services Review 33, no. 11 (November 2011): 2342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.006.

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Mizuta, Ichiro, Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, Pamela M. Cole, and Noriko Hiruma. "A Cross-cultural Study of Preschoolers' Attachment: Security and Sensitivity in Japanese and US Dyads." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 1 (March 1996): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900111.

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Japanese and US 4- and 5-year-old children and their mothers were studied in situations designed to examine attachment-related behaviours, feelings, and representations. Separation and reunion behaviours, conversations about separation, and child-rearing patterns were examined in relation to culture, gender, and internalising symptoms. Japanese and US dyads did not differ in overall levels of security and sensitivity in separation and reunion behaviours, based on a rating system developed by Crowell, Feldman, and Ginsberg, (1988). However, Japanese children showed more amae (desire for bodily closeness) behaviour than US children. Amae was positively correlated with internalising symptoms for US children but not for Japanese children. Cultural differences in dyads' discussions of separation issues and in maternal child-rearing patterns also were identified.

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Easterbrooks, M. Ann, Cherilyn E. Davidson, and Rachel Chazan. "Psychosocial risk, attachment, and behavior problems among school-aged children." Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 3 (1993): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940000448x.

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AbstractThe role of environmental risk and protective factors (attachment, verbal intelligence) in school-aged children's adaptation was examined. Subjects were 45 7-year-old children from low socioeconomic status environments. Security of attachment to mother was assessed by reunion behavior in the laboratory following an hour-long separation. Mothers and teachers reported on behavior problems using the Child Behavior Checklist. Results revealed a higher proportion of insecure attachments and behavior problems than in low-risk populations. Greater risk and less security were associated with poorer behavioral adaptation. Multiple regressions tested a model of protective processes; results demonstrated main effects of attachment security, even after controlling for extent of environmental risk.

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Michaelson, Matthew Thomas. "Inclusion and Social Justice for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Members of the Learning Community in Queensland State Schools." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 18, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.18.1.76.

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AbstractAlthough schools are meant to be safe learning environments for all children, some children are not afforded equal access to the protection of their safety and security. Every day, children who might be same-sex attracted are confronted with a unique set of challenges that are not being adequately addressed by the administrators of educational institutions. Despite increasingly positive shifts in Western societal feelings about homosexuality, educators continue to fail to implement inclusive practices and social justice for children who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT).

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Gennetian, Lisa A., Eldar Shafir, J. Lawrence Aber, and Jacobus De Hoop. "Behavioral Insights into Cash Transfers to Families with Children." Behavioral Science & Policy 7, no. 1 (April 2021): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/237946152100700107.

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Cash transfer programs aim to lessen the harmful effects of economic deprivation by giving cash or its equivalent directly to people in need. In this article, we combine insights from three areas of behavioral science-economics, child development, and cognitive psychology (including behavioral economics and the psychology of poverty)—to shed light on the logic behind providing cash transfers to families with children and to identify specific design features that policymakers should consider when creating these programs. We also summarize key research findings on the outcomes of such programs and present case studies of projects that have been evaluated in randomized controlled studies. We argue that unconditional cash transfers (which provide the money with no strings attached) are preferable to conditional cash transfers (which require recipients to meet specified conditions) for providing economic security and improving children's life outcomes. Conditional cash transfers can achieve similar goals, however, if they impose little administrative burden on parents and if infrastructure is in place to support meeting the conditions for receiving the cash. We end with recommendations for how best to design cash transfer programs for families with children.

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Kayastha, Priya, Uma Hirisave, Gitanjali Natarajan, and Gitanjali Goyal. "Security of attachment in children and adolescents—An Indian experience." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2010.10.003.

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Ver�ssimo, Manuela, Ant�nio J. Santos, Carla Fernandes, Nana Shin, and Brian E. Vaughn. "Associations Between Attachment Security and Social Competence in Preschool Children." Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 60, no. 1 (January 2014): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2014.a538697.

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Greig, Anne, and David Howe. "Social understanding, attachment security of preschool children and maternal mental health." British Journal of Developmental Psychology 19, no. 3 (September 2001): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151001166164.

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Passman, Richard H. "Attachments to inanimate objects: Are children who have security blankets insecure?" Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55, no. 6 (1987): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.55.6.825.

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KOOMEN, HELMA M. Y. "REGULATION OF EMOTIONAL SECURITY BY CHILDREN AFTER ENTRY TO SPECIAL AND REGULAR KINDERGARTEN CLASSES." Psychological Reports 93, no. 7 (2003): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.93.7.1319-1334.

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KOOMEN, HELMA M. Y. "REGULATION OF EMOTIONAL SECURITY BY CHILDREN AFTER ENTRY TO SPECIAL AND REGULAR KINDERGARTEN CLASSES." Psychological Reports 93, no. 8 (2003): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.93.8.1319-1334.

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Bendezú, Jason José, John E. Loughlin-Presnal, and Martha E. Wadsworth. "Attachment Security Moderates Effects of Uncontrollable Stress on Preadolescent Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Responses: Evidence of Regulatory Fit." Clinical Psychological Science 7, no. 6 (July 29, 2019): 1355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619854747.

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This study examined whether perceived attachment security (i.e., perceptions of caregivers as responsive, available, and open to communication during times of need) and effortful coping work in concert to buffer against uncontrollable life event effects on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) response patterns in preadolescent boys and girls ( N = 121, mean age = 10.60 years). Children completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and were immediately thereafter exposed to one of two randomly assigned coping conditions: distraction and avoidance. Piecewise growth multilevel modeling of children’s salivary cortisol levels over the course of the experimental protocol suggested that uncontrollable life events in the year prior were associated with exaggerated cortisol reactivity, though this pattern was buffered against by children’s secure attachment beliefs. Furthermore, perceived attachment security, uncontrollable life event, and coping condition interactive effects on cortisol recovery emerged. As expected, distraction supported efficient cortisol recovery for those uncontrollable stress-exposed children with secure beliefs, and avoidance worked in this fashion for those with insecure beliefs. Findings point to perceived attachment security as a putative buffer of stress-exposed preadolescents’ HPA reactivity and possible contributor to regulatory fit, informing how specific coping skills work or backfire in supporting these children’s HPA recovery efficiency.

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Pool, Marina M., Catrien C. J. H. Bijleveld, and Louis W. C. Tavecchio. "THE EFFECT OF SAME-AGE AND MIXED-AGE GROUPING IN DAY CARE ON PARENT-CHILD ATTACHMENT SECURITY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, no. 6 (January 1, 2000): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.6.595.

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This pilot study investigates the effect on parent-child attachment relationships of same-age versus mixed-age grouping in daycare centers in the Netherlands. For 45 children in the age range of 2 to 6 years, parent-child attachment relationships were assessed by means of the Attachment Q-Sort. It was found that attachment security did not differ significantly for children who had been in mixed-age or in same-age grouping, or who had experienced a change of daycare center.

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Borelli, Jessica L., Lauren Vazquez, Hannah F. Rasmussen, Lisa Teachanarong, and Patricia Smiley. "Attachment and maternal sensitivity in middle childhood." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 33, no. 8 (July 8, 2016): 1031–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407515616280.

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According to theory, maternal sensitivity should be associated with attachment security in middle childhood. We measure two aspects of maternal sensitivity— affective understanding, a component of parental mentalization, and affective synchrony, a component of parental empathy. We tested our hypotheses within a diverse sample of school-aged children (48.6% female, Mage = 10.27, SDage = 1.09) and their mothers ( N = 112 dyads) at baseline and after a standardized laboratory-based stressor in which children worked on unsolvable puzzles while their mothers watched. Results revealed no significant associations at baseline, but lower maternal attachment avoidance and greater child attachment security were associated with greater affective understanding and greater affective synchrony after the stressor task.

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van den Dries, Linda, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, and Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg. "Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children." Children and Youth Services Review 31, no. 3 (March 2009): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.09.008.

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Carlson, Elizabeth A., Camelia E. Hostinar, Shanna B. Mliner, and Megan R. Gunnar. "The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 2 (March 12, 2014): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000078.

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AbstractThis study examined the formation and quality of attachment of 65 postinstitutionalized (PI) toddlers with their parents at 1–3 and 7–9 months postadoption compared to 52 nonadopted (NA) children. The formation of attachment relationships of PI children with adoptive parents occurred relatively quickly. Children exposed to greater preadoption adversity took longer to form an attachment to their adoptive parents, although by 7–9 months postadoption, nearly all (90%) of the children achieved the highest level on an attachment formation rating scale. PI children did not differ from NA children in attachment security, based either on the Attachment Q-Sort or Strange Situation categorical scoring. However, the PI children were more likely to be disorganized in their attachment patterns. Preadoption adversity was related to lower Q-sort security scores especially at the initial assessment 1–3 months postadoption. The results indicated that attachment formation and attachment quality in PI children are differentiable constructs with different precursors.

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Davies, Patrick T., and Meredith J. Martin. "The reformulation of emotional security theory: The role of children's social defense in developmental psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 4pt2 (November 2013): 1435–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000709.

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AbstractAlthough children's security in the context of the interparental relationship has been identified as a key explanatory mechanism in pathways between family discord and child psychopathology, little is known about the inner workings of emotional security as a goal system. Thus, the objective of this paper is to describe how our reformulation of emotional security theory within an ethological and evolutionary framework may advance the characterization of the architecture and operation of emotional security and, in the process, cultivate sustainable growing points in developmental psychopathology. The first section of the paper describes how children's security in the interparental relationship is organized around a distinctive behavioral system designed to defend against interpersonal threat. Building on this evolutionary foundation for emotional security, the paper offers an innovative taxonomy for identifying qualitatively different ways children try to preserve their security and its innovative implications for more precisely informing understanding of the mechanisms in pathways between family and developmental precursors and children's trajectories of mental health. In the final section, the paper highlights the potential of the reformulation of emotional security theory to stimulate new generations of research on understanding how children defend against social threats in ecologies beyond the interparental dyad, including both familial and extrafamilial settings.

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Foster, Jaime S., Kari Adamsons, Marlene B. Schwartz, Emily A. Taylor, and Amy R. Mobley. "A pilot examination of the inter-rater reliability of the 18-item Household Food Security Module between cohabiting mothers and fathers." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 1306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa036.

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Abstract Food insecurity, defined as the inability to access sufficient food for an active, healthy life, affects 11.1% of the US population and is primarily assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). The HFSSM is a self-report measure presumed to represent all household members, but it is unknown if cohabiting parents report food security differently. This pilot study aimed to determine (i) the inter-rater reliability of the HFSSM; (ii) the direction of any difference between responses to the HFSSM; and (iii) the item-level response similarities and differences among mothers and fathers of young children. Twenty-five pairs of low-income, food-insecure cohabiting parents of 2.5- to 10-year-old children participated in cognitive interviews assessing their level of food security using the USDA’s HFSSM and completed related questionnaires. Intraclass correlations were computed to compare the responses of each dyad on the HFSSM overall and by item. Results revealed that overall report of food security was significantly but weakly correlated (r = .40, p = .02) within dyads. The majority of fathers (60%) reported higher food security scores on the HFSSM than their respective female partners. Furthermore, item-level intraclass correlations revealed that some HFSSM questions had poor reliability between cohabiting parents. This research identifies that a potential shortcoming of the HFSSM is the under-reporting of food insecurity by fathers compared with mothers within the household. These findings have implications for the utility of this measure used in national monitoring of the nation’s food security.

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Rubtsov, V. V., G. V. Semya, and A. A. Shvedovskaya. "Challenges of Modern Childhood: Key Outcomes of the National Strategy on Action for Children." Психологическая наука и образование 22, no. 6 (2017): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2017220601.

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The article presents the results of the monitoring Key Outcomes of the National Strategy on Action for Children for 2012—2017, commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation by the Moscow State Psychological University of Psychology and Education. The main results of the implementation of the six main directions of the implementation of the National Strategy are discussed: “Family Childhood Saving Policy”, “Access to Quality Education and Upbringing, Cultural Development and Information Security for Children”, “Healthcare Friendly to Children and Healthy Lifestyles”, “Equal Opportunities for Children, who need special care of the state”, “Creating a system of protection and ensuring the rights and interests of children and child-friendly justice”,“ Children — participants in the implementation of the National Strategy gii”.The goals and tasks of the Decade of Childhood proclaimed by the President of the Russian Federation are considered.

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Kelly, Stephen. "Securing Dangerous Children as Literate Subjects." Children Australia 41, no. 3 (July 21, 2016): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.16.

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This paper examines how the education of children as literate subjects in schools and community settings is implicated in the politics of securing civil society. Foucault's concept of biopolitics is used to consider how young people are produced as securitised subjects. The emergence of the concept of human security as a technology for measuring human development is problematised using Bacchi's methodology. The analysis uses the Northern Territory intervention to question representations of young people as subjects of danger and as potentially dangerous subjects. This paper argues that the use of literacy by the apparatus of state and non-state governmentalities functions as a technology of risk mitigation and biopolitical government: a way of contingently positioning the freedoms of children as subjects to forms of rule. The paper concludes by suggesting that literacy has been deployed as a techne of an authoritarian form of liberalism in which the power to delimit entangles children in biopolitical strategies and sovereign intervention.

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Vereijken, Carolus M. J. L., J. Marianne Riksen-Walraven, and Kiyomi Kondo-Ikemura. "Maternal Sensitivity and Infant Attachment Security in Japan: A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Behavioral Development 21, no. 1 (July 1997): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597384974.

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In this study we examined the relation between maternal sensitivity and child attachment security, one of the core propositions of attachment theory, in a Japanese sample. Attachment security was assessed with the Attachment Q-Sort at the ages of 14 and 24 months. At the same ages, ratings were obtained for the mothers’ sensitivity in interactions with their children. The expected significant relationship between maternal sensitivity and child security was found both at 14 and 24 months. Maternal sensitivity showed moderate stability between the two ages. LISREL analysis showed that the correlation between maternal sensitivity and infant security at 24 months is not fully explained by the correlation between sensitivity and security 10 months earlier. This indicates that maternal sensitivity continues to play a significant role in the development of a secure attachment relationship in the second year of life.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Security (Psychology) in children'

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