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1
Telatin, Michela. "The development-security nexus and security sector reform." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2011. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90095/the-development-security-nexus-and-security-sector-reform.
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The thesis investigates the link between development and security - the ‘development-security nexus’- which emerged during the 1990s, facilitated by the formulation of human development and human security. It examines how this development-security nexus has evolved over time and has influenced the interrelated significance of development and security for international relations. The thesis questions this interdependence and analyses the theory and practice that see development and security issues as reciprocally reinforcing each other, in particular through a set of policies called Security Sector Reform (SSR). The research includes three main areas of interest related to the different meanings of development and security focusing in particular on human development and human security; the various interpretations of the development-security nexus since the 1990s; and the analysis of how Security Sector Reform, publicised as development-security nexus policies, are designed to translate it into practice. The thesis argues that the nexus between development and security is under-theorised, and the originality of this research is to investigate the link between its theories and practices. The critical view of this thesis towards current dominant theoretical and operational orientations of the development-security nexus is based on an analysis of literature on Critical Security Studies, Post- Development, and Non-mainstream International Relations approaches. The thesis contributes to existing scholarship by unpacking the different meanings of development and security embedded in Security Sector Reform policies and reveals the need to contextualise the significance of their interlinkages within each policy scenario. In particular the three case studies on Defence Reform of Armenia, SSR Afghanistan and SSR Guinea-Bissau highlight respectively: 1) the novelty of concerns raised by SSR and the complexity to categorise concerns on security within a single, even if inclusive, policy discourse. 2) the need to go beyond the narrow view of a militarised view of security and its inadequacy to support the implementation of development objectives and 3) that the link between development and security is still very much dependent on a vision of security linked to the state’s armed forces, and of development which is focused on state security governance capacity.
2
Nyamnjoh, Anye-Nkwenti. "Local ownership and democratic governance in security sector reform." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24924.
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Local ownership is a major component of what is considered best practice in contemporary peacebuilding. It seeks to reallocate authority between local and international actors in peacebuilding contexts. In its purest form, it requires that the design, implementation and evaluation of reform should be led by local actors. Therefore, under local ownership, external actors are circumscribed to a supporting role in post-conflict reconstruction. Local ownership is thus a critique of the tendency towards top-down internationally led peacebuilding reform. The primacy of local ownership is evident in its endorsement in both academic literature and policy documents. Underpinning the importance of local ownership is a set of normative claims. It is argued that local ownership produces reform that is more legitimate and sustainable, in addition to developing democratic governance as the foundation to a post-war regime. Subsequently, what scholarship on local ownership has sought to clarify is conceptual content, including the complex question of who is local. Furthermore, there have been different suggestions on how to operationalise local ownership, and more broadly how to bridge the prevailing gap between rhetoric and practice. What has not been sufficiently done is an empirical defence of these normative claims. For example, does the process of ownership actually result in the development of democratic governance? More importantly, are the outcomes of local ownership consistent with the broader liberal peacebuilding paradigm, especially the latter's democratic disposition? This gap in the literature, is the research problem driving this dissertation. This dissertation seeks to understand whether there is evidence of a positive relationship between local ownership and democratic governance within the broader liberal peacebuilding project. My guiding research question involves determining how essential local ownership is to the development of democratic governance. This relationship is explored though the lens of SSR as one of the pillars of peacebuilding. This is because the literature on local ownership has been developed most in this area. The relationship between democratic governance and SSR, specifically within the military, can be understood in terms of democratic control of the military. Democratic control is operationalised in this thesis as civilian control and oversight (executive, legislative and broader civil society). Taking this into consideration, there are two paths of investigation. Does the absence of ownership undermine democratic control of the military and does its presence develop it? Liberia and Sierra Leone are the case studies through which this question is explored. Comparatively, Liberia is meant to represent the absence of ownership while Sierra Leone demonstrates more substantive attempts at local ownership. Focusing on the reform of the military, I argue that the absence of local ownership undermined democratic governance in terms of civilian control and oversight in Liberia. The opposite is true in Sierra Leone. However, there is evidence that outcomes which develop democratic control and oversight of the military can result from activities were ownership is both present and absent. As such, local ownership of SSR is sufficient, but not necessary for the development of democratic governance within the military. That notwithstanding, local ownership is still of immense importance. Its importance resides in the production of reform that is more context specific and thus contextually relevant. Local ownership produces reform which the host country can understand and sustain, a claim that the existing literature attests to. In this way, local ownership is important in bridging the gap between the beneficiaries of security and the broader security architecture. While gains in democratic control of the military can be achieved where ownership is present or absent, the sustainability of these gains is intricately linked to local ownership. Local ownership may not be necessary for democratic governance in the military, but it is necessary for sustainable democratic governance, as well as reform rooted in contextual realities and the needs of the country undergoing reform.
3
Duratovic, Aldin, and Simon Löfgren. "Security Sector Reform : Structural Reform of the Police force in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10881.
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This bachelor thesis is the result of a minor field study which took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to contribute to the understanding and improvement of Security Sector Reform (SSR), which could be explained as a process of reformation applied in post-conflict scenarios aimed at the military, police and/or judicial sector which might be an element of insecurity, particularly the police, and very particularly in post conflict scenarios where conflict resolution resulted in a divided police force, by using the BiH as a case study. We have used the theoretical framework/process of SSR and more specifically the part of SSR which touches upon police reform. However, SSR entails reformation of the security sector including military-, police- and judicial sectors, as mentioned our focus will be the police sector. This serving as a foundation for the thesis, we asked the following questions; Taking the point of departure in the Dayton Accords and its complex power sharing structure, which are the underlying factors/reasons why the Security Sector Reformation of the police force has been so problematic and why is there such inability to reach an agreement on this issue, especially in terms of structure? In terms of methodology, this is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews in combination with previous research. Concluding remarks, progress has been made, however, the reformation of the police is to a large extent dependent on the political will not to do so, not much indicate a change related to this. The status of the BiH police force continues to be de-centralized in terms of structure due to the Dayton Accords which has still serves a fertile ground for the continuation of inefficiency, especially in terms of cooperation, information exchange, administrative issues, war-criminals within the police etc related to the different police forces.
4
Noyes, Alexander Hale. "Securing reform? : post-election power sharing and security sector reform in Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Togo, 2006-2013." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d49f7715-486e-444f-ada3-ac82ff96db0b.
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Power-sharing arrangements have become the default tool of international actors to resolve a vast range of conflicts worldwide, with a particular concentration in sub-Saharan Africa. Traditionally used to end high-intensity civil wars, recently power sharing has increasingly been used to terminate an array of lower-intensity conflicts, such as election-related violence in Togo in 2006 and Kenya and Zimbabwe in 2008. The thin but emerging scholarship on post-election power sharing is largely negative, maintaining that the model is unlikely to deliver the institutional reforms necessary to resolve the underlying roots of electoral conflicts. Yet the cases of Kenya, and, to a lesser extent, Togo, appear to complicate this narrative, suggesting that post-election power sharing may be able to deliver some key but thorny institutional reforms, such as security sector reform. While the power-sharing model continues to be used worldwide and security reform is widely identified by scholars and practitioners as critical to durable peace, the existing literature has generally ignored the potential link between the two. As such, this dissertation seeks to answer the following questions: Does post-election power sharing lead to security sector reform? Which causal factors are most important in shaping security reform outcomes under post-election power sharing, and through what processes or mechanisms? The two-step integrated theoretical framework presented here forwards a structured contingency approach, positing that a combination of long- and short-term domestic and international factors will drive or stymie reform of the security sector under post-election power sharing in democratizing countries. In short, the theory argues that two main longterm factors, the nature of civil-military relations and the character of external involvement, combined with two short-term mechanisms, the design of the political agreement and the type of political strategy deployed by the parties, will be the most important factors shaping security reform outcomes under post-election power sharing. I demonstrate that post-election power sharing plays a significant role in the causal process of security reform and can deliver some institutional reforms, under certain conditions. The dissertation uses the method of structured, focused comparison to build and apply the theoretical propositions to the cases of Kenya, Togo, and Zimbabwe. Using process tracing and the logic of most-similar comparisons, I conduct two sets of cross- and within-case comparisons, utilizing elite interviews as the primary tool for data collection. I conducted over 100 interviews with key decision-makers in my case countriesâincluding former prime ministers, cabinet ministers, top political party leaders, senior security officials, and international stakeholders.
5
Gourki, Carlvret Nathalie. "Security Sector Reform (SSR) : –a Study on Afghanistan’s Field Performances." Thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56482.
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Collins, Andrew Elliott Egerton. "Saving State-Building: EU Contributions to Security Sector Reform in Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6311.
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State failure represents one of the most pressing concerns for international security in the 21st century, and Afghanistan represents one of the most concerted efforts ever witnessed to address this phenomenon in a lasting and sustainable way. This thesis takes the position that part of the difficulty in finding a remedy for state failure relates to the contradictions and dilemmas inherent within the state-building enterprise itself. The trade-offs required by certain fundamental aspects of state-building must be better understood if they are to be effectively managed, and these trade-offs cannot be understood without critically analysing the basic assumptions of state-building.
To come to grips with these assumptions in concrete terms, this paper examines the European Union’s involvement in Afghanistan as a case study to apply and develop the analytical framework of “dilemma analysis.”
The first major goal of this research will be to outline the tensions within state-building, and to assess their usefulness for explaining some of the difficulties facing state-builders in general terms. The second goal will be to analyse the significance of the specific combination of dilemmas relevant to the case of Afghanistan, in order to show how those dilemmas interact with each other to constrain the EU’s options for effective state-building. The third goal is to identify ways in which the EU and the international community in general can benefit from dilemma analysis when conducting state-building interventions in the future.
7
Edwards, Michael. "Building peace in Libya : UK assistance to foreign Security Sector Reform." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32396.
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Security Sector Reform (SSR) has been established as a powerful tool in achieving sustainable peace in post-conflict countries, a belief which has strengthened since the events of September 11th 2001, and the subsequent war on terror which has seen both the UK and US heavily involved in peacebuilding operations in both Iraq and Afghanistan. However there is a concern that following these experiences, SSR has become little more than a process of building the military capacity of recipient countries in order to meet the immediate security needs of donor states. If this is true, then it could be interpreted as a regression in security thinking, where policy makers are focusing once again on state-centric notions of security as opposed to a new security thinking which considers the human security of all. This Master thesis seeks to investigate the current security thinking behind the United Kingdom’s policies with regard to assisting foreign states in their attempts at Security Sector Reform. Research, in the form of a qualitative content analysis within a case study, was conducted in order to gain an understanding of the UK’s overall assistance strategy in a real world context by identifying specific actions carried out by the UK as part of their involvement in the new Libyan Governments SSR process. These findings were then compared to an internationally recognised standard built on a holistic and long-term understanding of SSR in an analytical process in order to make interpretations and draw conclusions. In conclusion, the UK’s assistance strategy can be considered holistic and long-term; centred on building strategic influence within the new Libyan Governments security apparatus in order to effectively advocate the implementation of democratic reform and a human rights based approach to future SSR. However, that the UK is actively providing arms to Libya, despite the concerns of potentially fuelling conflict, leaves one to question how far new security thinking has really permeated British policy making.
8
Ball, N. "Evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools: The Security Sector Reform Strategy." Department for International Development, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3937.
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yes<br>P5. The evaluation was undertaken by Bradford University, Channel Research Ltd, the
PARC & Associated Consultants. The GCPP Security Sector Reform (SSR) case study
was carried out by Ms Nicole Ball who has conducted extensive fieldwork on SSR in a
number of countries. This study was carried out through review of relevant documents,
including the reports of geographic case studies undertaken for the evaluation, and interview
of UK-based officials involved in SSR work. The UK-based interviews focused on several
categories of stakeholders: members of the SSR Strategy Steering Group; members of the SSR Policy Committee; representatives of three main SSR Strategy instruments (DAT,
GFN, Defence Diplomacy); representatives of the GCPP and ACPP; and officials currently
working on or recently working on key geographic desks (Balkans, Indonesia, Uganda). P7. The GCPP SSR Case Study is one of six studies undertaken within the framework of
the evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools. In accordance with the Terms of Reference
(ToRs) and the Inception Report, the Evaluation placed maximum emphasis on the macro
level: the policy processes in Whitehall by which decisions on allocations are made and
implemented by the CPPs. Considerable attention has also been placed on the meso
level: the degree to which CPP policies and activities in a given conflict, or given sector of
conflict prevention policy such as SSR, form part of a coherent package of direct
interventions by the international community and local actors to the problems of preventing
large scale deadly conflicts. The micro-level of analysis (review of specific projects) confines
itself largely to the way in which projects impact on the meso and macro levels. The
Evaluation has not analysed systematically whether specific projects funded by the CPPs
have been well managed and whether they have achieved their specific project goals.
Single projects have been analysed to the extent that they reflect on the macro and meso
levels.
P8. The main findings of the evaluation, reflected in this Synthesis Report, are that the
CPPs are doing significant work funding worthwhile activities that make positive
contributions to effective conflict prevention, although it is far too early in the day to assess
impact. The progress achieved through the CPP mechanisms is significant enough to
justify their continuation.
9
Denney, Lisa. "Thin security? : the challenge of engaging informal security actors in DFID's security sector reform programme in Sierra Leone." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/2a246333-453e-4ee3-b714-7a53c3e9eeb7.
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The United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID) has undertaken a highly innovative development strategy in Sierra Leone, reforming the security sector of the post-conflict state in order to ensure a stable environment in which investment and development can occur. Yet in doing so, DFID has not engaged with the actual locus of security provision in Sierra Leone and the effectiveness of reforms thus remains limited. This thesis seeks to understand why DFID has been unable to engage with informal security actors in its security sector reform (SSR) programme in Sierra Leone. Informal security actors are the dominant providers of policing and justice in Sierra Leone, with approximately 80 per cent of the population relying upon their services. Despite this, however, this thesis illustrates that DFID's bureaucratic and political nature produce particular understandings of security and the causes of war that focus overwhelmingly on state capacity and security provision. As a result, DFID engages with only state security providers and state failure aspects of the causes of war. Ultimately, this approach limits the ability of DFID's SSR programme to comprehensively address the causes of conflict and sustainably transform security provision in Sierra Leone. These limitations must be overcome if DFID is to remain at the forefront of SSR policy and practice.
10
Robinson, C. D. "Where the state is not strong enough : what can army reconstruction tell us about change necessary to the OECD DAC SSR principles?" Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9404.
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Post-conflict army reconstruction is an important element of security sector reform (SSR), tracing its origins to at least 1980, before the SSR concept itself was formulated. Reconstruction of security forces is an important element in wider postconflict reconstruction, and for political reasons, an army has almost always deemed necessary.
Since 1998, SSR itself has been increasingly conceptualized, with principles for SSR having been laid down by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since 2004. Yet SSR faces a host of philosophical and practical problems, perhaps the greatest being the gap between theory and practice (Chanaa's 'conceptual-contextual divide'). To make SSR efforts more successful, the underlying principles need to be revised and amended. Post-conflict army reconstruction experience since 1980, and associated academic study, military doctrine, and work by international organizations (particularly the OECD) can provide a basis for such revision. This thesis aims to survey post-conflict army reconstruction activities since 1980, draw overall lessons from that review and field study in Liberia, and propose amendments to the SSR principles on that basis.<br>© Cranfield University, 2011
11
Yusufi, I. "Europeanisation and security sector reform : the case of the Republic of Macedonia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575460.
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"This dissertation defines the scope of Macedonia-EU relationships, and examines the EU's role in Macedonia: from democracy promotion to security to candidate state building. The dissertation reviews these processes using the concept of Europeanisation within the concrete case study of Macedonia. The EU has played a significant role in resolution of the political turmoil in Macedonia and has undertaken various strategies to promote change in the countries of the Western Balkans. Its most effective tool has been conditionality. In the case of Macedonia, specific non-acquis related conditionalities were put in place. The focus in this context here is how the conditionality has changed with the emergence of prospect for EU membership? This thesis examines conditionality at the implementation level related with the Europeanisation processes, focusing on securitisation or stabilisation, democratisation and association. The case studies include Stabilisation and Association Process, Ohrid Framework Agreement, Security sector reform including police reform and EU security missions in the country. The conclusion of the thesis is that EU conditionality combined with the socialisation tools and support programmes, has been instrumental factor that has shaped the EU influence in the country and turned Macedonia into the recipient of the Europeanisation effects. It makes virtually impossible to disentangle the impact of the Europeanisation process from the fundamental processes of democratisation that dominated Macedonia's political landscape. The Ohrid reform strategy tackled the two most important concerns: stabilisation, and democratisation, bringing to completion the process that can be labelled as the process of 'candidate state building', another name of Europeanisation in Macedonia. The thesis shows that the Europeanisation concept was important element in understanding the changes seen in Macedonia and that its influence is not conditional on actual membership." Key words: EU, Macedonia, Europeanisation, conditionality, candidate state building, security sector reform.
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Cleland, Welch Anthony. "Security sector reform and the confusion and competition nexus : the case of Kosovo." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2011. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/security-sector-reform-and-the-confusion-and-competition-nexus(a7d85aac-252e-4452-9956-688d9323cfeb).html.
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This work examines security sector reform (SSR) in post-conflict states. It proposes that intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) are significantly impeded in their pursuit of coherent and effective SSR programmes by internal and external rivalry and contradictory agendas. These difficulties occur at both systemic and actor levels. Current institutional theory has little to say on the role of confusion, rivalry and competition in shaping IGO behaviour when operating in the security sector. As SSR is a crucial but challenging component of peacebuilding it is essential to identify the sources of these influences, explain their impact, and suggest ways by which impediments to SSR outcomes may be mitigated. Using the 2006 Kosovo Internal Security Sector Review (ISSR) as a case study, the thesis analyses how inter- and intra-IGO relationships affect SSR. It explores the lack of a clear definition of SSR and the dispute over its scope and application. It then evaluates relationships between international and local actors and the efficacy of SSR monitoring methods. The thesis reveals that confusion, competition and rivalry are common in a SSR programme. By diverting attention from the objectives of SSR, inter-and intra-organisational and inter-personal enmities are key factors in undermining security reform initiatives. Dispute over the practical application of local ownership of SSR and how programme effectiveness is measured serve also to dilute the impact of SSR. The thesis provides policy recommendations intended to reduce the effects of inter-and intra-organisational rivalry and competition. It proposes greater inclusion of the private sector and academic institutions in the planning and execution of SSR. It suggests areas where academics and practitioners might direct their efforts to improve SSR planning, employment and evaluation thereby producing a more effective approach to future security sector reform activities.
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Nilsson, Malin. "Where are the Men and Boys? Security Sector Reform, Local Ownership and Gender." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21393.
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Gender has recently begun to receive attention as an important factor in the provision of security. Unfortunately, the consideration of gender is often mistakenly understood to mean a consideration of women and women’s issues, when in reality it pertains to the needs and interests of both men and women. Through an idea analysis, this thesis aims to study the ideas about gender expressed in contemporary security sector reform and local ownership debate. The analysis shows that gender specific violence towards civilian men and boys is repeatedly overlooked in security sector reform policy and debate. It further shows that marginalized men are not being valued as local owners of reform processes due to the ideas about men and women that permeate the debate. The theory of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ reveals how the ideas expressed serve to increase men’s vulnerabilities and further exclude them from the process of reform. The thesis concludes that because civilian men are overlooked in the debate, no substantial ownership can be attained. Because security sector reform is highly reliant on local ownership for legitimacy and sustainability, the thesis further suggests that the entire security sector reform project is compromised by the exclusion of men and boys.
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Kudlenko, Anastasiia. "The impact of the EU on security sector reform in the Western Balkans." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17296/.
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The thesis studies the impact of the EU on security sector reforms (SSR) in the Western Balkans with an aim to investigate recent changes in the security dynamics of the region. The study covers the period from 1991, which marks the break-up of Yugoslavia, to 2013, the year when the first Western Balkan state joined the EU. It investigates changes in the security situation in the Western Balkans on both regional and state levels. While the region as a whole has become much more secure and peaceful, compared to the 1990s, its separate states display varying degrees of stabilisation and development. By comparing the EU’s involvement in SSR in Croatia, Serbia and BiH, which in the studied period achieved a full membership, candidate status and potential candidate status respectively, the thesis aims to determine if these differences can be linked to EU policies. The work argues that between 1991 and 2013 the character of security interdependence between the Western Balkan states changed from negative to positive, and that the EU was one of the key actors behind this change. To explain this transformation, it uses Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT), that provides a comprehensive framework for analysing regional developments from the security point of view. The dissertation contributes to the study of the EU as a security actor and indicates the possibility of new applications of RSCT by examining the EU’s engagement with security sector reform and the evolution of security dynamics in the Western Balkans as the result of this engagement. It also extends the understanding of the effects and limitations of Europeanisation in states recovering from war and conflict.
15
Ondoro, Nicholas Otieno. "The Police Reform Process in Kenya, 2008-2014: A Case Study of Security Sector Reform in Societies Emerging From Crisis." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12762.
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Security sector reform has in the recent past been a critical component of peace agreements in countries emerging from armed conflicts or political crisis. In Kenya, the Commission of Inquiry into the 2007/08 Post-Election Violence (CIPEV) established that Kenya’s security sector, particularly the police, bore the greatest responsibility for the violence. Subsequently, the police emerged as one of the major institutions for reforms. ‘How have security sector reforms, particularly police reforms, in Kenya developed since 2007 and how, and to what extent, have they been shaped by Kenya’s wider political transitions and SSR process during this period?’ The research aimed at investigating how the police reform process in Kenya has developed since 2007, and how the process has been shaped by Kenya’s wider political transitions and security sector reform processes in general. Using mixed methods research, we found that despite some progress, there is wider public perception that the reforms are yet to address reform priorities at the national level and still fall short of expectations of ordinary Kenyans. We argue that political power-sharing after the 2007 post-election violence facilitated police reform, while at the same time frustrated its implementation especially in instances where reform seemed to dis-empower political elites.
16
Lind, Sanna. "SSR and Democracy in Tunisia and Egypt : Understanding Security Sector Reform following Nonviolent Resistance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393809.
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In this study I explore how security sector reform affects the likelihood of democratization after a nonviolent resistance campaign in order to better understand the role of core security services during regime changes and the mechanisms of SSR. By using literature on nonviolence resistance, security sector reform, and by borrowing the concept ofspoilersfrom policy and peace-making literature, I hypothesise that SSR will likely increase the ability of core security actors to manage security problems in the transition after a nonviolent resistance campaign, as well as reduce spoiler capabilities among core security actors, thereby increasing the probability of democratization.I used the method of structured, focused comparison on the regime changes in Tunisia 2011-2014 and Egypt 2011-2013, and found some evidence contrary to the first, while limited support for the second.
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Koyama, Shukuko. "Security Sector Change in Georgia, 1985 - 2008 Local Dynamics, Politics of Reform and Paramilitaries." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17312.
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The literature on security sector actors in transitional societies emerging from war
and/or authoritarianism has evolved by critiquing local perspectives recently.
While the existing literature has extensively analysed transitional societies in
Africa, Middle East and Eastern Europe, the thesis adds a new geographical
perspective by providing a case study of security sector change processes in the
Republic of Georgia, 1985 - 2008. More specifically, the thesis examines the local
processes and drivers of security sector change in Georgia, and their interrelationships
with donor supported programmes including SSR. The thesis
employs a political economy analysis to examine indigenous security sector
actors and their characteristics. Based on the approach, the thesis particularly
examines processes of change and reform of policing institutions. The
paramilitary is identified and examined as a key focus for analysis.
The research shows that political dynamics among a few political elites
determined the course of security sector change in Georgia. Despite ample
external assistance, domestic political dynamics remained the main driving factor
in the SSR agenda-setting process. In the politically-driven security sector
change efforts, the restoration and maintenance of regime security remained a
priority under both the Shevardnadze and Saakashvili regimes. Overall, the
security sector actors played significant role in the political developments.
Consequently, the process of changing these actors was a largely domestically
driven political process. The role of paramilitaries in relation to regime security
and the security sector change agenda-setting process in Georgia requires the
security sector research to treat paramilitary as a distinguished unit for
consideration.<br>Akino Yutaka Eurasia Fund and the United Nations University Akino Memorial Research Fellowship.
18
Johansson, Matilda, and Annelie Nordin. "Policy Reform in Egypt? : A case study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91335.
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This paper studies the police reform in Egypt in the light of the revolution 2011. The ousting of the authoritarian president Hosni Mubarak was the beginning of the transition towards democracy. Within 15 months both parliamentary and presidential election had taken place. The political leaders were new and the transitional process had begun however the institutions where still the same and one feature of the revolution was to reform the police since the police was hated as the oppressive power it was. Transition from totalitarian regime to democracy is more than elections it is about reforming the institutions and especially the security sector hence they often play a significant role in oppressing the citizens in an authoritarian state. The police in Egypt used repressive methods to control the citizens. Therefore it is interesting to investigate whether the police are beginning to transform along the principles of democratic policing, a specific part of security sector reform focusing on the reformation of the police. The notion of human security with the people at the centre lay as a foundation of the theoretical framework. The material consists of in- depth interviews with leaders and active people in the civil society and their view regarding police work and police reform after the revolution. The conclusions drawn from the study is that the police lack capacity, understanding and training to reform. The reformation has to be influenced by political will from legislative and institutional level as well from the police officers themselves. There are challenges if a reform of the police will be successful and some of them are connected with national and international circumstances.
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Abdulcarimo, Lala Anicia. "Security sector reform in post-conflict environments : an analysis of coherence and sequencing in Mozambique : examining peacebuilding challenges of defence, police and justice reforms in a neo-liberal era." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13943.
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This thesis deals with the circumstances that lead to a fragmented implementation of post-conflict justice and security reforms and their negative impact on institutional capacity to provide justice and security for citizens. It strenghtens the existing critique of SSR by employing liberal peacebuilding critique to examine the development of the SSR agenda within the security-development nexus mainstream and the difficulties in learning from SSR experience. The main research question concerns the factors affecting the coherence and sequencing of justice and security system reforms, and is addressed through a case study of Mozambique. The analysis identifies power dynamics surrounding formal and informal interactions that impact institutional change, and showcase the vulnerability of justice and security system reforms to co-optation by powerful international and national players. Throughout, patterns of critical juncture and path dependence are identified that have influenced the adaptation of powerful local players to external and domestic pressures which resulted in political and institutional bricolage. The thesis also looks at how the sequencing of Mozambique’s triple transition, in which economic liberalisation prevailed over peacebuilding and democratisation, shaped the post-civil war direction and pace of the defence, police and justice reforms. The 1992 peace agreement and the public sector reform programme are investigated with regards to the failure of driving substantive SSR and of imparting it coherence and sequencing in the short, medium and longer term. Finally, lessons are proposed for future reform in Mozambique, and recommendations are drawn for improving the design of strategy and implementation of SSR in general.
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Moran, Patrick J. "El Salvador and Guatemala security sector reform and political party system effects on organized crime." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501879.
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Thesis (M.S. in National Security Affairs (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Jeanne ; Bruneau, Thomas C. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Organized crime. Author(s) subject terms: El Salvador, Guatemala, organized crime, police reform, political party system, peace accords, gangs, drug trafficking organizations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-87). Also available in print.
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Le, Bras Jean-Baptiste. "The impact of the SSR (security sector reform) concept in shaping NATO and EU policy discourses." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/06607949001/$FILE/06607949001.pdf.
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Pajalic, Marko. "Capacity building for peace? The European Union's impact on security sector reform in Moldova and Georgia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2728.
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The recent enlargements of the European Union brought about a strategic shift in
the EU’s approach to conflict management and security in the eastern neighbourhood.
The Partnership and Co-operation Agreements between the EU and Moldova contained
no mention of the Transnistrian dispute, while the agreement between the EU and Geor
gia included a vague phrase regarding political dialogue which may include the issue of
conflict resolution.
The addition of new members to the Union, however, expanded the EU into its
neighbourhood and brought closer the unresolved territorial disputes. Concerns that were
once further away are now right next door. While the former accession states might have
served as buffers to these concerns, they can no longer, as members of the Union, be seen
as such. Therefore, there is a greater need to address security issues, such as the ‘frozen
conflicts’ bordering the EU.
This thesis will examine the evolution of the EU’s responses to security chal
lenges in the Eastern neighbourhood, and assess the role the EU plays in addressing these
‘frozen conflicts’ through the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy. Fur
ther, this thesis will argue that the EU has thus far exerted limited direct pressure towards
direct resolution of these conflicts and has instead approached regional stability through a
variety of other indirect and long term means, such as the pursuit of economic growth and
political stability. In particular, the research will look at the security sector reform (SSR)
and will focus on the EU’s impact, or Europeanization, in the rule of law and border
management sectors of Moldova and Georgia.
It will be shown that these two sectors are related to promoting political stability
and economic growth, which is in line with the EU’s effort to support development in
Moldova and Georgia, and thus indirectly address ‘frozen conflict’ resolution by. altering
the incentive structures. This thesis will conclude that the EU does have an impact on the
rule of law and border management sectors and subsequently some impact on the ‘frozen
conflict’ in Moldova but less so on the conflicts in Georgia.
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Skora, Patrick W. "Analysis of security sector reform in post-conflict Sierra Leone a comparison of current versus historical capabilities /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FSkora.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia. Second Reader: Mensch, Eugene M. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Sierra Leone, Post-Conflict, Security Sector Reform, SSR, RSLAF, SLP, Police, Sierra Leone military. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-60). Also available in print.
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Mutengesa, Sabiiti. "Taking Antoinettian complacency for normativity : the case of donor-driven security sector reform in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/taking-antoianettian-complacency-for-normativity(a899ac07-8fc4-45b0-8801-f298ac7cc39f).html.
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As the Cold War ended, the international development establishment turned its attention to the challenges of protracted conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa, among other underdeveloped regions of the world. The realities of the Cold War had ruled out the engagement by multilateral and bilateral donors with the armed forces of aid-dependent countries. Following the East-West rapprochement, the armed forces were singled out as the major driver of conflict and insecurity and as an obstacle to economic development. In order to engage with the governments of those countries, donors demanded that the professionalism and cost of maintaining armed forces be addressed through an initiative called as ‘Security Sector Reform’ (SSR), part of a normative agenda that marked a steady shift from project-focussed, to ‘sector wide’ approaches. It is argued that SSR remains a re-embodiment of civil-military relations (CMR) theories of the 1960s and 1970s and like them, it is equally beset by the normative bias towards liberalism and the disregard for the realities in pre-liberal and transitional political systems or countries whose historical experience differs from the Western setting which initially influenced the formulation of CMR theory. It is further argued that the post-Cold War turmoil in the conceptualisation of security adds to the haziness of SSR both as a policy and as an analytical tool, in addition to the limits imposed by its normative orientation. It is argued that SSR is premised on a problematic conception of security that conflates it with immunity to violent attack or physical safety. A conception that views security as a state of affairs in which groups and individuals are assured of sustainable and stable existence is suggested as the approach capable of capturing the development challenges at the heart of the security predicament of Sub-Saharan African countries as a specific category of the Third World.
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Sjöbom, Ida. "EU som säkerhetsexpert : En fallstudie om EUAMs arbete med säkerhetssektorreform i Ukraina." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96160.
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Since Russia's war in Ukraine started, EU decided to start working with European Union Advisory Mission (EUAM) and Security sector reform (SSR) in order to build Ukraine into a safe, democratic country. Former studies have shown that EUs presence in Ukraine has turned Russia into an even more aggressive neighbor, which is why the object of this essay is to examine what EUAM has worked with and what the result of this work is. The study has been done through a single case study research with liberalism and security sector reform as theories. The result shows that EUAM have tried to implement a western european way of work, and have focused on reforms of institutions, courses and human rights. The result of EUAMs work is ambiguous; EUAM is happy with the work, but both the work with police reform, border guard and Security service have received criticism and has not fulfilled its full potential.
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Sousa, Miguel de Andrade Fraga Girão de. "A missão da União Europeia para a reforma do sector de segurança na Guiné-Bissau." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6634.
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Tese de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais<br>A situação de pobreza, instabilidade e fragilidade generalizada em que vive a Guiné-
Bissau, agravada pela constante interferência das Forças Armadas na vida política, e
acompanhada da fraqueza manifestada pelas suas autoridades e instituições em dar
resposta aos problemas e desafios que lhe são colocados, tem negado ao país as
condições que lhe permitam a paz e o desenvolvimento sustentável.
A consciência de que um ambiente de segurança – dissuasor de intervenções que
esmagam as estruturas políticas onde funcionam as instituições democráticas, a
economia e o equilíbrio social – é fundamental para uma reforma generalizada e
necessária do Estado, levou a União Europeia em sintonia com as autoridades da Guiné-
Bissau e em respeito pelo princípio da apropriação, a providenciar apoio e assessoria às
autoridades guineenses no sentido de reestruturar três dos sectores essenciais para
desenvolvimento do país, a defesa, a segurança e a justiça. Para o efeito foi lançada a
Missão da União Europeia para a Reforma do Sector de Segurança, em coordenação
com outras iniciativas e esforços da União Europeia e da comunidade internacional no
terreno, numa óptica de segurança, desenvolvimento e prevenção de conflitos.
Este estudo pretende, através da análise do desempenho desta Missão da União
Europeia, debater a relevância da sua intervenção, realçando o cumprimento do seu
mandato através dos resultados alcançados em relação ao quadro de objectivos
estabelecidos. Igualmente se procura apontar os constrangimentos com que a Missão se
deparou bem como as falhas que esta apresentou.<br>The situation of poverty, instability and widespread fragility in which lives Guinea-
Bissau, intensified by the constant interference of the military in political life, and by the
weakness of the authorities and institutions to respond to the problems and challenges
they face, has denied the country the necessary conditions to reach the peace and
sustainable development.
The awareness that a security environment, restraining of interventions that crushes the
political structures, with democratic institutions and social and economic balance, is the
key for a comprehensive and necessary reform of the state, led the European Union, in
line with the authorities of Guinea Bissau, and respecting the principle of ownership, to
provide support and advice to the national authorities to restructure three of the key
sectors for the country's development: defense, security and justice. For this purpose
was launched a EU mission for Security Sector Reform, in coordination with other
initiatives and efforts of the European Union and the international community on the
ground, from the standpoint of security, development and conflict prevention.
Analyzing the performance of this European Union mission, this study intends to discuss
the relevance of his remarks, highlighting the fulfillment of its mandate through the
results achieved and similarly try to point out the constraints as well as show its failures.
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Varisco, Andrea Edoardo. "The influence of research on state building policy with special reference to security sector reform : the case of Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6712/.
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Over the last few decades, international organisations and bilateral donors have progressively promoted externally-led state building and Security Sector Reform (SSR) as two of the principal policy approaches to enhance state legitimacy and promote stability and security in countries emerging from conflicts. At the same time, the state building and SSR research agendas have grown exponentially and the quest for evidence-based policies has increasingly become an important aspect for international and British decision-makers working in fragile, conflict-affected countries. Nonetheless, the use and uptake of state building and SSR-oriented research findings by those involved in policy-making has remained a largely under-studied field of research, and enquiry into the research-policy nexus has rarely approached the issues of state building and SSR. This PhD research seeks to compensate for this gap in the literature by investigating the extent to which research has influenced and interacted with SSR policies, programmes and activities implemented by the United Kingdom (UK) in conflict-affected Sierra Leone. The thesis uses concepts and notions from the literature on the policy process and research utilisation to explore the ways in which research has influenced UK-led SSR policy. It analyses the evolution of the network of policy-makers, street-level bureaucrats, and researchers working on SSR in Sierra Leone, and argues that two main variables – an increased stability in the country and a progressive evolution of SSR in policy and research – contributed to the expansion of the policy network over time and to a better use of research by street-level bureaucrats on the ground. The thesis tests the applicability of the literature on the research-policy nexus to the challenge of state building and SSR in conflict-affected environments, deriving from the Sierra Leone case study a series of recommendations to improve the use of research by international organisations and bilateral donors working in fragile states.
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Fescharek, Nicolas. "European role convergence by default ? : the contributions of the EU Member States to security provision and Security Sector Reform during the military intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0009/document.
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Basé sur un engagement collectif qui a débuté en 2001, cette thèse se penche sur le rôle des États membres de l'Union européenne (UE) dans la stabilisation de l’Afghanistan pendant l'intervention militaire de 2001 à 2014. La thèse analyse les contributions nationales et collectives des Etats membres à la stabilisation et la sécurité nationale de l'Afghanistan, de la réforme du secteur de sécurité à la formation de l'armée et de la police, du maintien de la paix aux combats et aux initiatives diplomatiques. La thèse montre que le Etats membres ont joué un rôle important dans les prestations de sécurité, mais leur impact collectif est en grande partie le résultat de synergies entre des contributions nationales, et ces synergies ont été réalisées en dehors des dynamiques ou des politiques européennes. Le leadership américain a été un facteur important dans l’émergence d’un rôle européen collectif par défaut. La thèse avance également un argument théorique-conceptuel : Loin d'être un obstacle à un rôle européen de sécurité et de défense, l'absence d'une politique ou d'un projet européen a agi comme un important catalyseur de la convergence des comportements, une fois qu’un leadership américain pouvait être invoqué. Cette convergence de comportements en matière de sécurité et de défense a eu lieu en dépit de la grande divergence des cultures stratégiques entre les Etats membres. Elle a été réalisée à partir d’actions conjointes mais sélectives qui furent insérées dans le cadre du leadership américain. Une politique collective et européenne n’a pas été nécessaire pour réaliser ce rôle<br>Based on a collective engagement that has lasted since 2001, this thesis looks at the role(s) of the EU Member States (MS) in the provision of security during the intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014). It analyzes their national and collective contribution(s) to Afghanistan’s post-2001 national security and Security Sector Reform (SSR), from military and police training to peace keeping, war fighting and diplomatic initiatives. The dissertation shows the MS played an important role in security provision, but their collective impact was largely the result of synergies between national contributions that occurred outside of European dynamics or policy planning. US campaign leadership was an important enabler of this collective European role by default. The dissertation also advances a theoretical-conceptual argument: Far from being an impediment to a European role in security and defense, the absence of a European policy or project acted as an important enabler of behavioral convergence once a US lead could be relied upon. This behavioral convergence in security and defense occurred despite the great strategic cultural divergence between the MS. It consisted of, and was driven by, joined-up action on an opt-in/opt-out basis, while a collective European policy was not necessary
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O'Shea, Liam. "Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5165.
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This dissertation provides an in-depth study of police transformation in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It draws upon interviews with police, NGO workers, politicians and international practitioners, and employs a comparative-historical approach. Contra to democratic policing approaches, advocating the diffusion of police power and implementation of police reform concurrently with wider democratisation, reform was relatively successful in Georgia after the 2003 Rose Revolution because of state-building. The new government monopolised executive power, fired many police, recruited new personnel, raised police salaries and clamped down on organised crime and corruption. Success also depended on the elite's political will and their appeal to Georgian nationalism. Prioritisation of state-building over democratisation limited the reform's success, however. The new police are politicised and have served elites' private interests. Reform has failed in Kyrgyzstan because of a lack of state-building. Regional, clan and other identities are stronger than Kyrgyz nationalism. This has hindered the formation of an elite with capacity to implement reform. The state has limited control over the police, who remain corrupt and involved in organised crime. State-building has not precipitated police reform in Russia because of the absence of political will. The ruling cohort lacks a vision of reform and relies on corruption to balance the interests of political factions. The contrasting patterns of police reform have a number of implications for democratic police reform in transitioning countries: First, reform depends on political will. Second, institutionalising the police before democratising them may be a more effective means of acquiring the capacity to implement reform. Third, such an approach is likely to require some sort of common bond such as nationalism to legitimate it. Fourth, ignoring democratisation after institutionalisation is risky as reformers can misuse their power for private interests.
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Lewis, Marion J. "Security sector reform and the Serbia conundrum are SSR efforts bringing Serbia closer to European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Integration?" Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9988.
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The NATO intervention in the wars in the former Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1999 illustrated the importance of South Eastern Europe to Atlantic security. In 2005, certain of the southern Slav nations have gained NATO and EU membership, as in the case of Slovenia, or have drawn ever closer to qualifying for membership, as in the case of Croatia and Bulgaria. However, Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina have proved more difficult to draw into the European fold due to the lingering effects of the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo. This thesis explores Serbia's ongoing attempts to integrate into EU and NATO structures. It begins with the background of the situation in Serbia of 2005 with a focus on the historical leadership, management, and missions of the security sector. It then examines the development and objectives of the security sector reform agenda and the challenges facing its practitioners. Additionally, this thesis analyses the impact of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Kosovo final status disposition, and the chaotic domestic political situation on Serbian reform efforts. This thesis argues that, as a result of political and social circumstances unique to Serbia as well as the institutional shortcomings of the West as concerns comprehensive democratic reform of power and arms, the ongoing SSR efforts in Serbia will take several years to come to fruition.
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Lewis, Marion Jeaneth. "Security sector reform and the Serbia conundrum : are SSR efforts bringing Serbia closer to European union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Integration? /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FLewis.pdf.
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Lindvall, Daniel. "The limits of the European vision in Bosnia and Herzegovina an analysis of the police reform negotiations /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-31392.
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Mohibbi, Ahmad. "State-Building During and After Conflict : Explaining the Roles of Security Sector Reform and Rule of Law on Legitimacy in Two Provinces of Uruzgan and Zabul, Afghanistan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294497.
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The concept of state-building has become a dominant approach to rebuild weak and fragile states and transform their institutions into more legitimate ones. However, in the context of state-building, legitimacy has often been treated as an exogenous phenomenon, ignoring the perspective of the local population. This approach has often led to the creation of western-type institutions, but without much understanding of how the local people would perceive them. This thesis investigates how state-building activities in the forms of Security Sector Reform (SSR) and rule of law enhance legitimacy among the local population. The study argues that when state-building activities are carried out in a more robust fashion and given enough time, the results can positively affect legitimacy. In order to test the theoretical argument, linking SSR and rule of law to legitimacy, the study conducts a structured, focused comparison of two provinces of Afghanistan: Uruzgan and Zabul, where state-building activities took place between 2008 and 2012. The study’s findings support the hypothesis. Levels of legitimacy in Uruzgan were enhanced because there were more robust activities aimed at improving security sector reform and rule of law. On the contrary, Zabul experienced loss in the levels legitimacy because state-building activities were much weaker.
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Gürler, Sibel Yasemin. "Maintaining order : justice and security sector reform in Liberia : a critical analysis of the West's efforts to transform 'failed' societies into stable members of the international community." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683703.
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Internal wars and state failure are cited amongst today 's key threats to international security because of their potential to contribute to the growth and empowerment of illegal transnational networks and terrorism. As a result, the international community has launched increasingly ambitious and complex peace consolidation and state building projects. The promotion of the rule of law and human rights through far-reaching reform of the justice and security sectors (SSR) has thus become an important component of peace building. This is especially true in Africa where almost half of the current UN peacekeeping missions are operational. SSR is considered crucial for bolstering state authority and promoting efficient and democratic state institutions that safeguard internal peace and stability and thus in turn international security. The reality on the ground shows, however, that despite the huge efforts put into such state reconstruction ventures, the initially set goals are rarely met. This thesis examines, with the example of Liberia, a country that after two successive civil wars became host to one of the largest UN peacekeeping forces, why such comprehensive reforms have had so little success to date. The empirical data reinforcing the analysis was gathered during six months of extensive fieldwork, mainly in Lofa County, Liberia. Not concerned with policy relevance, this thesis focuses on an overall examination of the peace building framework and its underlying assumptions. The thesis argues that the Western approach is problematic. There is a misconception in the assumption that an internal political order can be externally prescribed and imposed. Chief concepts about internal conflict, and the management thereof, that have been shaping the response of the international community neither contribute towards peace consolidation nor the furthering of development. Rather, they lend themselves to achieving a deadlock where the possibility of continuous conflict and political emergencies may become a reality.
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Alesandrini, Diana-Maria. "Contribution à l'étude de l'administration internationale au service de la paix : le cas des missions de consolidation de la paix." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1061.
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L'étude des relations internationales contemporaines montre l'implication croissante de la communauté internationale et plus particulièrement des organisations internationales dans la vie interne des états. Au nom de la nécessité d'atténuer les menaces à la sécurité et à la paix internationales, le bouclier, que représentait jadis la souveraineté étatique, se fissure peu à peu et les domaines réservés aux états s'étiolent. Instituées pour préserver la paix mais confrontées à de nouvelles formes de conflits, les Nations Unies ont adapté leurs actions afin d'assurer la protection des populations. La consolidation de la paix est devenue omniprésente et pour ce faire l'ONU opte parfois pour l'administration directe de territoires. L'administration internationale de territoires n'est cependant pas un phénomène créé par les Nations Unies, puisqu'il existe un régime de l'occupation. Dans le sillage de ces occupations, a été créé un régime censé favoriser le retour de la paix. D'abord étatique, la gestion internationale des territoires a évolué. Elle s'est peu à peu institutionnalisée. Il existe des règles dédiées à la gestion d'un territoire par une autorité qui n'en émane pas : il s'agit du droit de l'occupation. Il convenait dès lors dans notre étude de s'interroger sur ces règles et d'envisager la possibilité de les appliquer aux missions de consolidation de la paix, dès lors qu'elles participent à l'administration d'un territoire et tiennent en leur pouvoir la population civile. Nous nous sommes de plus attachés à porter un regard global sur l'institutionnalisation de ce processus, tout en gardant à l'esprit les règles qui gouvernent l'occupation des territoires<br>Study of contemporary international relations shows the increasing involvement of the international community and especially the international organizations in states'internal affairs. On behalf of the need to mitigate the threats to security and to international peace, the shield, which once represented the state sovereignty is gradually cracked and areas reserved to the states wither. Instituted to preserve peace but confronted with new forms of conflict, the United Nations have adapted their actions to protect the population. We first experienced the maintenance of peace missions and then operations to enforce peace have emerged. Finally, peacebuilding has become ubiquitous and the United Nations sometimes opts for the direct administration of territories. The international administration of territory however is not a phenomenon created by the United Nations, since there is an occupation regime. In the wake of these occupations, was established a regime supposed to promote the return of peace. First from states, the administration of territories has evolved. It has gradually institutionalized. There are rules dedicated to the administration of a territory by an authority which does not emanate: it is the law of occupation. It was therefore appropriate in this study to question these rules and consider the possibility of applying them to peacebuilding missions, if they participate in the administration of a territory and have in their power the civilian population. We are more committed to bring a global perspective on the institutionalization of the process, keeping in mind the rules governing the occupation of the territories
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Weh-Dorliae, Yarsuo Laezee. "The United Nations Training of the Liberia National Police: Effectiveness, Results, and Future Implications." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1279.
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After the United Nations' mission in Liberia (UNMIL) ends on September 30, 2015, effective policing will be a security concern for Liberians. Liberians have expressed fear that conflict could return if ongoing police training programs do not sustain public safety. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to understand how UNMIL's training affected public confidence in the Liberia National Police (LNP). The theoretical bases for this study included public choice theory and liberal democratic theory. Quantitative data were used to address impact of UNMIL's police training on the maintenance of law and order. These data were collected through a researcher-developed survey which measured recruitment, training, effectiveness (insert comma here) and public confidence in the LNP. Participants were government officials, members of UNMIL, LNP, and civic organizations (n = 120). Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Qualitative semistructured interview data were also gathered from 18 additional participants to address the challenges for quality improvement in the police security forces. The results were inductively coded and organized across themes and patterns. Quantitative findings indicated a moderately significant correlation between police perceived knowledge and job effectiveness (r = -0.35). However, qualitative findings show the government of Liberia failed to provide adequate resource support to complement the training due to its weak commitment. Diversity of trainers from contrasting policing jurisdictions produced an outcome that lacked a country-specific context for Liberia. This study promotes positive social change by informing future police training interventions by the United Nations on a host county's policing needs.
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Erturk, Sait. "Reintegration of the Iraqi military in post-conflict era." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FErturk.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Vali Nasr, Karen Guttieri. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-134) Also available online.
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Neads, Alexander Stephen. "Building other people's armies : military capacity building and civil-military relations during international interventions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26680.
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Following state-building campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, the UK has increasingly eschewed large-scale intervention in favour of local proxy forces. Whilst this strategy might appeal to the war-weary and cash strapped interventionist, frequent use of military capacity building as a tool of foreign policy inevitably raises questions about the accountability of those local forces being trained. This thesis examines the exportation of Western concepts of civil-military relations into the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), carried out by the British-led International Military Advisory and Training Team (IMATT) during intervention and post-conflict stabilisation in Sierra Leone. It argues that external interventionists can reshape local military culture, to promote both democratic civil-military norms and professional military effectiveness, but only through extensive institutional change. In Sierra Leone, IMATT attempted to change the organisational culture of the RSLAF by reforming its institutional mechanisms for socialisation, training, education and promotion. By inculcating a new normative ethos in a cohort of junior RSLAF officers, IMATT sought to promulgate cultural change throughout the military via a structured process of intra-service competition and generational replacement. This novel blend of internal and external processes of military change challenges existing scholarship on military innovation and adaptation, advancing our understanding of the relationship between military culture, military change, and external intervention. However, this process of institutional redevelopment and cultural change in the RSLAF proved to be both heavily contested and deeply political, ultimately leading to partial results. Consequently, IMATT’s experience of RSLAF reform holds important implications for the study of civil-military relations and security sector reform, and with it, the conduct of contemporary military capacity building and liberal intervention.
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Maiga, Abdoulaye. "La crédibilité de la Commaunauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) dans sa quête de la paix et de la sécurité." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30057.
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La Communauté Economique des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest est une organisation internationale qui s’est très tôt impliquée dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité. Elle a entrepris des interventions militaires dans certains Etats ouest-africains, comme le Libéria, la Sierra Léone, la Guinée Bissau, dans les années 1990. A partir de 1999, la CEDEAO a procédé à une réorientation stratégique en matière de sécurité. Celle-ci s’est manifestée par l’adoption d’un nouveau mécanisme de sécurité visant à placer l’individu au cœur des préoccupations sécuritaires. Le nouvel objectif de la CEDEAO est de réaliser la sécurité humaine au profit des citoyens ouest-africains. Il se trouve que la réalisation de la sécurité humaine nécessite des moyens économiques et financiers, or les Etats ouest-africains sont parmi les plus pauvres du monde. Aussi, depuis l’adoption du nouveau mécanisme de sécurité, la CEDEAO rencontre de plus en plus de difficultés à concrétiser les nobles recommandations et principes contenus dans son ordonnancement juridique, dans un contexte marqué par l’accroissement des menaces militaires contemporaines et des menaces non militaires.Après plus de 30 ans d’expériences dans le processus d’intégration, n’est t-il pas désormais évident que la réussite de l’organisation dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité est intimement liée au progrès accompli dans l’intégration économique ? La faiblesse des perspectives économiques des Etats de la CEDEAO n’appelle-t-elle pas à modifier la stratégie d’intégration de la CEDEAO ? L’adoption du fédéralisme à l’échelle ouest-africaine ne peut-elle pas constituer une voie salvatrice pour la CEDEAO ?<br>The Economic Community of West Africa is an international organization that was involved very early in the peacekeeping and security. It undertook military intervention in some West African states, like Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea Bissau. In 1999, ECOWAS has made a strategic shift in security. This was manifested by the adoption of a new security mechanism to place the human at the heart of security concerns. The new objective of ECOWAS is to achieve human security for the citizens of West Africa. It turns out that the realization of human security requires economic and financial means, or the West African states are among the poorest in the world. Also, since the adoption of the new security mechanism, ECOWAS meeting more and more difficult to achieve the noble principles and recommendations contained in its legal system, in a context of increased of contemporary military and non military threats. After over 30 years of experience in the integration process, is there not now clear that the success of the organization in peacekeeping and security is closely linked to progress in the economic integration? The weak economic outlook states of ECOWAS calls does not change the strategy of integration of ECOWAS? The adoptions of federalism across West Africa cannot it be a way of salvation for ECOWAS?
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Hirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
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Cette thèse cherche d'abord à comprendre, en usant de l'exemple Haïtien, si les Réformes du Secteur de Sécurité menées à bien dans le cadre des interventions internationales dans des pays en crise ou en situation de post-conflit, sont efficaces dans l'accomplissement de leurs objectifs et apportent le meilleur soutien d'une manière durable aux Etats hôtes. Finalement, ce document est aussi une base de réflexion pour trouver de nouvelles solutions et pratiques à la mise en oeuvre de Réformes du Secteur de Sécurité<br>First of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
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Latif, Dilek. "Peace Building After Humanitarian Intervention: The Case Of Bosnia And Herzegovina." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606504/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
PEACE BUILDING AFTER HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Latif, Dilek
Ph.D., Department of International Relations
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. ihsan D. Dagi
August 2005, 379 pages.
This dissertation analyzes peace building process after humanitarian intervention. It conceptualizes peace building through questioning the feasibility of peace building following a humanitarian intervention. Addressing the deficiency of contemporary peace building approach, this thesis indicates the shortcomings of the various instruments of peace building in contributing peace and reconciliation on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Besides, it shows the drawbacks of the current practice that peace building is a learning process, which employs the lessons learnt to advance the efficiency of peace building process.
There is a lack of comprehensive approach to peace building, based on case studies, evaluating the shortcomings and merits of all the instruments of peace building that provides a general strategy. Despite abundancy of policy oriented research to contribute policy making, academic work to analyze such a complicated phenomena has been frail. Within this context, contribution of the dissertation is to demonstrate the entire picture and question viability of the peace building process in war-torn societies. Therefore, it is enriching the study on the peace building operations.
Failure of institutionalization of peace in BiH after almost a decade of rigorous peace building efforts of the international community shows the fault of the mainstream understanding of peace building. The dissertation also unveils that engagement in Kosovo is the product of a similar strategy, which in practice either repeated the same fruitless methods or tried to build on the experience obtained in Bosnia but failed to heal up the troubles and challenges faced in Kosovo. Overall, the study points out the inevitability of a novel approach and an alternative peace building strategy beyond the policy-related focus.
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Birantamije, Gérard. "La crise de l'Etat et la Réforme du Secteur de la Sécurité: essai d'analyse de l'opérationnalisation de la notion d'appropriation locale dans le contexte de la Réforme de la Police nationale du Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209480.
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Depuis les années 2000, la Réforme du secteur de la sécurité fait partie des politiques publiques internationales préconisées par la Communauté internationale pour permettre la gestion de crise de l’Etat et la transition de la guerre à la paix. Faisant suite à l’échec de l’aide au développement, qui a insisté sur l’absence d’appropriation locale comme la cause fondamentale, la communauté internationale fait appel à une véritable appropriation locale de la réforme du secteur de la sécurité. L’étude se propose d’analyser l’opérationnalisation de cette notion d’appropriation locale dans le contexte de la Réforme du secteur de la sécurité au Burundi. Cette thèse se pose la question de savoir pourquoi les acteurs internationaux en sont arrivés à poser l’appropriation locale comme une condition de la réforme du secteur de la sécurité. L’analyse est basée sur trois indicateurs :la conviction des acteurs locaux, la formulation et la mise en œuvre des réformes, et la coordination des acteurs et des activités de réforme ;et se focalise sur les données empiriques recueillies au sujet du processus de la réforme de la police nationale du Burundi. L’étude montre que l’appropriation locale est une stratégie mobilisée par les acteurs internationaux pour banaliser leurs interventions et transférer leurs modèles de réforme en s’appuyant sur les intentionnalités de responsabilité et de souveraineté des acteurs locaux que véhicule cette notion. Cette étude conclut que dans le contexte de la crise de l’Etat, la notion d’appropriation locale est un discours qui affermit l’interventionnisme international en donnant l’illusion d’accorder plus de place aux acteurs locaux dans la conduite des réformes. <p>//<p>Since the 2000s, Security Sector Reform is one of the international public policies advocated by the International community in order to deal with the state crisis and the transition from war to peace. Due to the failure of development aid which emphasized the lack of local ownership as its root cause, the International community calls for a genuine local ownership of the Security Sector Reform. This study analyses the operationalization of the concept of local ownership in the context of the Security sector reform in Burundi. This thesis raises the question of why international actors have come to consider local ownership as a condition of Security sector reform. The analysis is based on three indicators: the conviction of local actors, the formulation and implementation of reforms, and the coordination of actors and reform activities, and is focused on empirical data about the Burundi National police reform process. The study shows that local ownership is a strategy mobilized by international actors to both trivialize their interventions and transfer their reform models while the genuine intentionality of the notion is one of responsibility and sovereignty of local actors. This study concludes that in the context of the crisis of the state, local ownership notion is a discourse that strengthens the international interventionism in giving the illusion of more space given to local actors in the implementation of reforms.<p><br>Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bohoussou, Kouakou Stéphane. "Réflexion critique sur l’efficacité des sûretés réelles en droit OHADA : proposition en vue d’une reforme du droit OHADA des sûretés réelles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0133/document.
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Le droit des sûretés réelles a fait l’objet de profondes mutations à la suite de plusieurs réformes successives qui viennent de l’affecter. Si la matière s’est indubitablement modernisée, il reste qu’elle souffre d’un manque de cohérence globale qui tient tout à la fois à la trop grande offre de sûretés et à l’insuffisance de règles fédératrices venant régir l’ensemble. La question se pose alors de savoir s’il est possible et envisageable de dégager un socle de règles communes plus élaboré, voire même un droit commun, et selon quelles modalités. Il en ressort l’interrogation sur l’efficacité du droit ohada des sûretés réelles au regard de l’inadéquation entre les objectifs du législateur africain et les moyens qu’il a mis en oeuvre pour les atteindre. Au regard des expériences internationales, la réponse à ces questionnements réside à notre sens dans une réforme plus ambitieuse du droit ohada des sûretés réelles qui se traduirait par l’adoption d’une approche fonctionnelle telle qu’il nous a été donné de voir dans des pays appartenant à la même tradition juridique que la nôtre. Plus concrètement, il s’agira de redonner, à travers cette conception fonctionnelle des sûretés, de la cohérence, de la simplicité et de l’accessibilité, en somme de l’efficacité au droit ohada des sûretés réelles de manière à le rapprocher des populations et des réalités socio-économiques des États de l’ohada tout en n’occultant pas les enjeux économiques internationaux<br>The real security interests law/secured transactions has gone through crucial changes following a series of several reforms which has affected it. If the subject matter has undoubtedly been modernized, it is obvious that the real security interests law/secured transactions is still lacking of general consistency which is linked simultaneously to the large numbers of proposal on security interests and to the insufficiency of federative rules which come to govern the whole. Actually, the problem poses the question to know if it is possible and conceivable to put forward a base of more sophisticated general rules, or even a general law, and according to what methods? The interrogation underlines the efficacy of ohada real securities law in regard to the inadequacy between the objectives of the African legislator and the means used by him to achieve them. In other words, it is admitted to question on the way of a reinforcement of the actual real securities law in sight of a greatest efficacy. In regard to the international experiences, the answer of these questioning is found, in our opinion, in a reform more ambitious of the ohada real securities law which is going to lead to the adoption of a functional approach as it was observed in States with the same juridical culture of ours. In concrete terms, it is important to give back, through this functional conception of securities interest, coherence, and simplicity, in sum, efficacy to ohada real securities law likewise to bring it closer to the population and to the socio-economic realities of ohada member States while revealing the international economic stakes
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Avakyan, Tatevik. "Security Sector Reform in Armenia." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340883.
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The main aim of this research is to investigate the dynamics of Security Sector Reform in Armenia and identify the greatest obstacles of the reformation process. The topic is of a great importance for the state and the region of South Caucasus in general regarding the process of sustainable peace and development. Furthermore, there is a lack of academic literature on the topic of Security Sector Reform in that particular state, thus, the topic is relatively new. The research is meant to be a qualitative analysis that draws on the various reports of the international organizations and development donors along with the relevant academic literature to provide the theoretical framework of the concept. Apart from that, the empirical part is also based on the interviews with the Armenian experts, which allowed gaining a deeper knowledge of the SSR issues on the ground. The research identifies, that the process of security sector reformation in Armenia has not been a stable and static process, but it has rather had its ups and downs. Namely, the beginning of 1990s is believed to be the most challenging for the state. The ceasefire agreement of 1994 started the process of sustainable development, which was, however, slowed down by the economic crisis in 2008. The "frozen" conflict with the neighboring...
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"Two essays on public sector reform." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891746.
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Yuen Chi-lok.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-70).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Abstract --- p.i<br>Acknowledgement --- p.iii<br>Table of Contents --- p.iv<br>List of Tables --- p.v<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- The Dynamics of the Labor Market across Public and Private Sectors in a Theoretical Model<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Empirical Studies --- p.4<br>Chapter 1.3 --- The Model --- p.7<br>Chapter 1.3.1 --- Preferences of Working Agents --- p.7<br>Chapter 1.3.2 --- Production Technology --- p.8<br>Chapter 1.4 --- "Optimization, Equilibrium and Some Comparative Static Results" --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.4.1 --- Optimization Problems --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.4.2 --- Market Equilibrium --- p.15<br>Chapter 1.4.3 --- Comparative Static Results --- p.16<br>Chapter 1.5 --- Extensions --- p.22<br>Chapter 1.5.1 --- Wage Structure in Public Sector and its Effects --- p.22<br>Chapter 1.5.2 --- How the Wage Level of the Public Sector Affects the Private Labor Market --- p.24<br>Chapter 1.6 --- Conclusion --- p.29<br>Chapter Chapter 2 --- Pillars for the Growing Dragon: Social Security in China --- p.31<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.31<br>Chapter 2.2 --- The Evolution of the Chinese Social Security System --- p.33<br>Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Establishment of the Social Security System since1949 --- p.33<br>Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Reform in 1980s --- p.35<br>Chapter 2.3 --- The Existing Chinese Social Security System --- p.39<br>Chapter 2.3.1 --- Pension Reform --- p.42<br>Chapter 2.3.2 --- Unemployment Insurance Reform --- p.45<br>Chapter 2.3.3 --- Medical Insurance Reform --- p.50<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Sustainability Problem in the Chinese Social Security System --- p.53<br>Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.60<br>References --- p.63<br>Appendix --- p.71
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Pheiffer, Christiaan Cornelius. "Security sector reform : a case study of South Sudan." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46069.
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This study explores Security Sector Reform as a concept to address peace building or post-conflict reconstruction in a country attaining independence or emerging from a major conflict as in the case of South Sudan. Although various descriptions for a security sector exist, it is a common term applied to refer to structures, institutions, and personnel who are responsible for managing, providing, and overseeing security within a state. In general it refers to the armed forces, law enforcement agencies, national intelligence agencies, border control agencies, and civil protection entities. SSR refers to actions aimed at strengthening legitimate institutions and governance to provide citizens security, justice, and jobs which is crucial to break the cycle of violence. SSR is also conceptualised within the enlarged definition of security which includes human security. This emphasises the approach that SSR is not only restricted to defence and the role of law and order, but is also included in wider political, economic, and social issues. Within the concept of SSR, various prerequisites are stated for the effective execution of SSR within a state. For an analysis of effective SSR in South Sudan, the following aspects were identified to apply as a theoretical model to analyse the execution of SSR in South Sudan. These aspects were the necessity of a formalised peace agreement; the execution of a clear and effective DDR programme; the importance of foreign involvement and international military involvement; the importance of the institutionalisation of security sector structures, and civil oversight.
The study concludes that certain aspects of the SSR plan contributed to peace building and post-conflict reconstruction such as certain provisions of the peace agreement, the involvement of the international community, and financial support. However, SSR in South Sudan mainly failed due to a failure of the DDR process, the inability of the international involvement to address outstanding security issues, a failure to address border demarcations, and a total failure to install effective security sectors and civil oversight mechanisms over the military.
The study on the other hand suggests SSR as a concept for post-conflict reconstruction, specifically within a state acquiring independence such as South Sudan, should be viewed as a workable concept. As a model to address peace building or post-conflict reconstruction, SSR can indeed be effective. It provides for a wide spectrum of measures to address security, political, and economic disparities within a state emerging from a conflict and aspiring to democratise as a new state such as in the case of South Sudan. The failure of the SSR concept in South Sudan is not ascribed to an insufficient SSR process or plan, but due to the non-adherence of the provisions of the plan by the signatories of the plan and the socioeconomic, ethnic, and security challenges in independent South Sudan that would have complicated any SSR attempt.
SSR as a concept can be applied for peacebuilding if certain conditions such as enforced DDR, commitment by international role players, the enforcement of provisions of the peace agreement, and effective measures to institute the de-politisation of the military are provided.<br>Mini-dissertation (MSecurity Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>tm2015<br>Political Sciences<br>MSecurity Studies<br>Unrestricted
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Bourne, Mike, and Owen J. Greene. "Armed violence, governance, security sector reform, and safety security and access to justice." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2411.
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This briefing aims to highlight and clarify the importance of the availability and misuse of small arms and light weapons (SALW), and associated armed violence, for development programming in the areas of governance, security sector reform (SSR), and safety, security and access to justice (SSAJ). By doing so the effectiveness of governance, SSR and SSAJ programmes can be enhanced. Moreover, governance, SSR and SSAJ programmes can be developed to contribute more to the reduction of armed violence perpetrated with SALW and facilitated by their availability
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Mirzazada, Gunel. "Security Sector Reform in the Southern Caucasus: The Cases of Georgia and Azerbaijan." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339239.
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Security sector is a complex of different fields, which altogether ensure a particular country's national security, sovereignty and independence. Such security sector fields include military security, energy security, economic security, etc. For countries on the stage of transition, complex changes to their security sectors are required, which can be implemented under the form of full-scale reforms. This problem was faced by post- Soviet states, including Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the early 1990's, after the collapse of the USSR. However, despite the obv ious necessity of reforms, they were blocked in many states due to their authorities' loyalty to Russia, and its impact over the region. Due to those problems, security sector reforms in both Georgia and Azerbaijan were finally implemented only in the earl y 2000's. Georgia was able to reach greater success in its reforms thanks to the full-scale approach covering all fields of national security, with a particular focus on the military sphere. In Azerbaijan, reforms were not so effective due to lack of political will to eradicate corruption, and only superficial, but not deep, changes implemented. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Górka-Winter, Beata. "Afgańskie siły zbrojne w koncepcji reform sektora bezpieczeństwa po 2001 roku." Praca doktorska, 2015. http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/42456.
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Niniejsza dysertacja przedstawia kolejne etapy tworzenia Afgańskiej Armii Narodowej (Afghan National Army – ANA) po 2001 r. oraz podejmuje próbę oceny wysiłków społeczności międzynarodowej w tej sferze w kontekście koncepcji reform sektora bezpieczeństwa (Security Sector Reform – SSR). Omówiono aspekty teoretyczne koncepcji SSR, w tym jej kluczowe założenia dla państw postkonfliktowych. Ukazano najważniejsze uwarunkowania (ekonomiczne, społeczne, geograficzne) dla tworzenia afgańskich sił bezpieczeństwa w ujęciu historycznym, a także po interwencji sił koalicji międzynarodowej w Afganistanie w 2001 r. Przedstawiono również najważniejsze przedsięwzięcia nakierowane na stworzenie nowoczesnych sił zbrojnych w nowożytnej historii Afganistanu. W swojej zasadniczej części praca skupia się przede wszystkim na opisie głównych etapów realizacji reformy sektora bezpieczeństwa w aspekcie budowania sił zbrojnych. Omówiono najważniejsze założenia koncepcji budowy ANA po 2001 r. oraz jej najważniejsze modyfikacje warunkowane zmianami sytuacji międzynarodowej oraz sytuacji wewnątrz państwa. Następnie ukazano proces tworzenia ANA, z uwzględnieniem najważniejszych problemów wpływających na niską efektywność tych działań. W pracy podjęto także próbę ewaluacji działań ukierunkowanych na tworzenie ANA wg kryteriów zaproponowanych w koncepcji sektora bezpieczeństwa dla państw postkonfliktowych.
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Lee, Chi Kang, and 李季剛. "Challenges and Development of Security Sector Reform in the Philippines of the New Century (2001-2016)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77y3ew.
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