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Academic literature on the topic 'SED'
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Journal articles on the topic "SED"
1
SU, YI-CHENG, and AMY C. L. WONG. "Optimal Condition for the Production of Unidentified Staphylococcal Enterotoxins." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 4 (1993): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.4.313.
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The sac culture method in combination with 6% NZ-Amine A plus 1% yeast extract was found to be the optimal condition for staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA) and D (SED) production. This growth condition was tested for the production of unidentified staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). Twenty-one Staphylococcus aureus strains that previously showed an emetic response in monkeys but were negative for any of the identified SEs when cultured by the membrane-over-agar method were grown by the sac culture method. All 21 strains produced at least one known SE. One strain produced only enterotoxin C (SEC). Nine strains produced only SED. One strain produced both SEA and SED. Four produced both SEC and SED. One produced SEA, enterotoxin B (SEB), and SED. Two produced SEA, SEC, and SED. Three produced SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED. One of these strains, FRI-569, that produced only SED at a low level (10 ng/ml) was selected to confirm the production of an unidentified SE by the monkey feeding test. Emesis was induced in five out of six monkeys. The total amount of SED in the supernatant fluids fed to monkeys was only 0.5 μg, or 2.5% of the 50% emetic dose (20 μg). Production of an unidentified SE by strain FRI-569 was therefore confirmed. This optimal condition can be used to produce increased amounts of unidentified SEs for purification.
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Kahraman, Beren Basaran, Recep Geckinli, and Seyyal Ak. "Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in raw and pasteurized milk." Veterinarski arhiv 94, no. 1 (2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.2038.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) by ELISA, and detect the five classical sea, seb, sec, sed, and see genes by real-time PCR in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw and pasteurized milk samples. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 98 out of 100 raw milk samples, and in 6 out of 100 pasteurized milk samples. On further biochemical tests, S. aureus was isolated in 48 samples (48%) of raw milk (n=100) and in one sample (1%) of pasteurized milk (n=100). Ten (10%) out of 100 raw milk samples were positive for at least one enterotoxin, and the most frequently observed SE was SEA (10%), followed by SEE (7%) and SEB (6%), but none of the isolates were positive for SEC and SED. At least one of the SEs gene types (sea, seb, sec, sed, see) was detected in 45 (93.8%; 45/48) S. aureus isolates from raw milk samples. sec, sea, seb, sed, and see genes were observed in 56.2%, 39.5%, 31.2%, 29.1% and 14.5% of strains respectively. The enterotoxin genes were the single type in 21 (46.7%) of the 45 isolates, there were two in 15 (33.3%), three in six (13.3%), four in two (4.4%), and one (2.2%) in all gene regions. The SE gene was not detected in the S. aureus (n=1) isolate from pasteurized milk. As a result of this study, the presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk was revealed, and it was pointed out that these SEs may contribute to cases of staphylococcal foodborne poisoning (SPF).
3
CENCI-GOGA, B. T., M. KARAMA, P. V. ROSSITTO, R. A. MORGANTE, and J. S. CULLOR. "Enterotoxin Production by Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Mastitic Cows." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 9 (2003): 1693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.9.1693.
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Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of mastitis in cows. The ability of S. aureus strains to produce one or more enterotoxins in milk and dairy products is linked to staphylococcal food poisoning. To determine whether staphylococci causing bovine mastitis could cause human foodborne intoxication, the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins A through D (SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED) by 160 S. aureus isolates was evaluated with the use of a reverse passive latex agglutination enterotoxin kit. All S. aureus strains were isolated over a 9-month period from 2,343 routine submissions of a composite quarter collection of individual mastitic cows at 18 dairy farms in the San Joaquin Valley in California. Prior to enterotoxin detection, isolates were grown by a method that enhances the in vitro synthesis of enterotoxin. Twenty-two of 160 S. aureus isolates produced enterotoxin. Seven produced SEC, 12 produced SED, and 3 produced both SEC and SED. None of the isolates produced SEA or SEB.
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SORIANO, J. M., G. FONT, H. RICO, J. C. MOLTÓ, and J. MAÑES. "Incidence of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococci and Their Toxins in Foods." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 5 (2002): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.5.857.
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Of 504 food samples collected from cafeterias, 19 (3.8%) yielded strains of enterotoxigenic staphylococci, and 10 (52.6%), 4 (21.1%), 3 (15.8%), and 2 (10.5%) of these strains produced enterotoxins C (SEC), D (SED), B (SEB), and A (SEA), respectively. Moreover, SEA, SEB, and SEC were isolated from three hamburger samples. Of 181 food samples collected from four restaurants before the implementation of the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system, 7 (3.9%) were found to contain enterotoxigenic strains, and SED, SEC, and SEA were produced by 4 (57.1%), 2 (28.6%), and 1 (14.3%) of these strains, respectively. One meatball sample with SEC was detected in a restaurant. After the implementation of the HACCP system in four restaurants, neither enterotoxigenic staphylococci nor enterotoxins were detected in 196 studied samples.
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Naffa, Randa G., Salwa M. Bdour, Hussein M. Migdadi, and Asem A. Shehabi. "Enterotoxicity and genetic variation among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Jordan." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 2 (2006): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46183-0.
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A total of 100 Jordanian clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates was analysed for the presence of the enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sec, sed and see using multiplex PCR. Twenty-three isolates (23 %) were potentially enterotoxigenic. The prevalence of sea, sec and sea plus sec among the total clinical isolates was 15, 4 and 4 %, respectively. None of the isolates harboured sed, seb or see genes. S. aureus isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to test whether isolates harbouring the toxin genes were genetically clustered. A total of 13 genotypes was identified at a 47 % similarity level. Genotypes I and V accounted for the largest number of enterotoxigenic isolates (19 %). This study has demonstrated the genetic diversity of Jordanian clinical S. aureus isolates and shown that the presence of the toxin genes is not genotype specific.
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ADESIYUN, ABIODUN A., IFEDAPO RAJI, and VIVIAN YOBE. "Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus from Anterior Nares of Dining Hall Workers." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 12 (1986): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.12.955.
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The frequency of isolation of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in dining hall workers of a Nigerian University was determined. Of a total of 186 workers sampled, 47 (25.3%) were carriers of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in their anterior nares, including 19 (22.4%) of 85 cooks and 11 (23.9%) of 46 stewards. Fifty-five (26.6%) of 207 strains of S. aureus tested produced staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA), B (SEB), C (SEC), D (SED) or E (SEE). SEA predominated, with 18 (8.7%) strains elaborating it and representing 32.7% of all enterotoxigenic strains. SEC and SED were produced by 14 (6.8%) and 13 (6.3%) strains, respectively, and 9 (4.3%) strains produced SEB and SEE. It appears that SEA poses the greatest risk to students consuming foods contaminated by S. aureus of nasal origin from these workers.
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Lapeyre, Christiane, Tiphaine Maire, Sabine Messio, and Sylviane Dragacci. "Enzyme Immunoassay of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Dairy Products with Cleanup and Concentration by Immunoaffinity Column." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 5 (2001): 1587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1587.
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Abstract Two different immunoaffinity columns (IACs) were prepared for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SETs) from dairy products. First, a specific IAC for staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), IAC-1, was prepared by coupling monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against SEA; second, a polyspecific IAC for SEA, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SECs), and staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED), IAC-2, was prepared by coupling a mixture of mAbs against SEA, SECs, and SED, and rabbit IgG against SEB. These columns were applied for detection of SETs in dairy products, after extraction, immunoaffinity chromatography, and enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA). Overall recoveries from dairy products spiked with 1 ng SEA/25 g averaged 81.2% (range, 76–85%) on IAC-1. The repeated use of IAC-1 was then determined with good efficiency of 91.5%, in more than 10 runs. On the other hand, a recovery yield of 77%of SETs (SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED) from dairy products spiked with 2.5 ng of each enterotoxin per 25 g, was obtained with IAC-2. IAC-2 was also successfully subjected to the chromatography of naturally contaminated foods implicated in staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks. This new extraction–concentration–immunoaffinity–chromatography method (ECIC) is very useful for improving staphylococcal enterotoxin detection and eliminating matrix effect in EIA of dairy products.
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Radoslava, Savić Radovanović, Zdravković Nemanja, and Velebit Branko. "Occurrence and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococci Isolated from Soft Cheeses in Serbia." Acta Veterinaria 70, no. 2 (2020): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2020-0017.
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AbstractA total of 415 cheese samples produced with raw or cooked milk collected from local markets were analysed for the presence of coagulase-positive staphylococci. In 85 (20.48%) samples the presence of coagulase positive staphylococci was detected. The ELFA technique VIDAS SET2 (BioMerieux, France) was used for testing coagulase-positive staphylococci strains to produce classical enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE), and to determine the enterotoxins in cheese samples. The number of coagulase-positive staphylococci in cheese samples ranged from 1-5.79 log CFU g-1. Out of 85 coagulase-positive strains 26 (30.59%) produced enterotoxins. The presence of genes for the synthesis of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) in the obtained extracts of DNA from 26 enterotoxigenic strains was detected by conventional multiplex PCR technique (for genes sea and seb) i.e. the Real-Time PCR technique for genes sec, sed and see. In all 26 strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (originating from cheeses produced from raw or cooked milk, which were enterotoxin producers) sea was present, and in 24 strains in addition to sea gene, seb was detected. None of the isolates possessed genes for the synthesis of enterotoxin C (SEC), D (SED) and E (SEE). Out of 26 tested cheese samples positive for enterotoxigenic coagulase-positive staphylococci, enterotoxin was detected in 2 (7.69%) samples of sweet-coagulating cheese, in which the number of enterotoxigenic coagulase-positive staphylococci exceeded 5 log CFU g-1. In sweet-coagulating cheeses in which the number of coagulase-positive staphylococci exceeds 5 log CFU g-1 and the pH value was higher than 5.0, enterotoxins may be present in amounts sufficient to cause intoxication.
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Pexara, Andreana, Nikolaos Solomakos, Daniil Sergelidis, and Alexandros Govaris. "Fate of enterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusand staphylococcal enterotoxins in Feta and Galotyri cheeses." Journal of Dairy Research 79, no. 4 (2012): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029912000325.
Full textAbstract:
In this study the fate of enterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusand staphylococcal enterotoxins in Feta and Galotyri cheeses were studied. Initially, the enterotoxigenic abilities of fourStaph. aureusLHA, LHB, LHC and LHD strains isolated from raw ovine milk were examined in both BHI broth and ovine milk. In BHI broth, theStaph. aureusLHA, LHB, LHC and LHD strains were found toxigenic at 37 °C producing the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) serotypes SEA, SEB, SEC and SED, respectively, whereas in ovine milk at 37 °C,Staph. aureusLHD was found to produce only SED, while no SE production was observed for the other examined strains. Thus, the fate of onlyStaph. aureusLHD and SED were examined in Feta and Galotyri cheeses. The cheeses were made from raw ovine toxic milk with preformed SED or raw ovine milk contaminated with high (ca 6 log cfu/ml) and low inocula (ca 3 log cfu/ml) ofStaph. aureusLHD. Results showed that the pathogen was eliminated at slower rate in Galotyri cheese than in Feta cheese, for the high (5 d vs. 16 d) or the low (1 d vs. 12 d) inoculum trials. In both cheeses produced from the toxic milk, SED was detected during manufacturing and storage. SED was also detected in the curd (2 h), whenStaph. aureusLHD populations had reached ca 7 log cfu/g, and up to the end of storage for the high inoculum trials of both cheeses. No SED was observed for the low inoculum trials of either cheese.
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Angarita-Merchán, Maritza, and Nuri Andrea Merchán Castellanos. "Genes codificantes para enterotoxinas de aislados estafilocócicos coagulasa negativos y coagulasa-positivos a partir muestras con mastitis bovina." Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá 5, no. 2 (2018): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24267/23897325.267.
Full textAbstract:
Introducción: La mastitis bovina es la inflamación de glándulas mamarias y tejidos secretores. El género Staphylococcus es el agente causal más importante, por su capacidad de producir diferentes factores de virulencia. Las enterotoxinas estafilocócicas son un grupo importante de toxinas que permiten al microorganismo invadir células y tejido huésped, siendo diseminadas a través de productos alimenticios y responsables de graves intoxicaciones alimentarias en el mundo.
 Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de genes codificantes para enterotoxinas estafilocócicas (SE); SEA, SEB, SEC, SED y SEE, en cepas de Staphylococcus spp. asociados a mastitis bovina.
 Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó identificación de especie a través de la amplificación de la región r16S. La detección de genes sea, see, sec, sed, y see se realizó mediante la amplificación por PCR convencional, usando iniciadores específicos para cada gen y se evidenciaron los amplicones a través de electroforesis.
 Resultados: Se evidenció el predominio del grupo Staphylococcus coagulasa positivo (65.2%), siendo Staphylococcus aureus la cepa con mayor presencia (88.5%), mientras que Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo fue del 37.5%. El gen sea fue detectado en Staphylococcus sciuri (1.7%); seb en Staphylococcus pasteuri y Staphylococcus warneri (3.6%); sec fue identificado en Staphylococcus sciuri y Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3.6%); no se detectaron los genes sed y see en ninguna de las cepas evaluadas.
 Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan la evidencia que el desarrollo de mastitis bovina también es causado por Staphylococcus Coagulasa Negativa, indicando la posibilidad que este grupo adquiera atributos genéticos como enterotoxinas y factores de virulencia por transferencia horizontal.