Journal articles: 'Sediment quality guidelines'

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Borgmann, Uwe. "Derivation of cause-effect based sediment quality guidelines." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 3 (2003): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-026.

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Unlike Canadian Water Quality Guidelines, Canadian Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQGs) are not based on clear causeeffect relationships. They were derived using a modified U.S. National Status and Trends Program (NSTP) approach in which biological effects were compared with contaminant concentrations in field-collected sediments. Exceeding an assessment value indicates an increased likelihood of toxic effects, but correlation is not proof of cause, and it cannot be assumed that the contaminant present in excess of the assessment value is necessarily responsible for the observed effects. This has sometimes caused confusion and misinterpretation of the toxicological significance of sediment chemistry data. An alternative approach to computing sediment guidelines, based on estimating the bioavailable contaminant concentration and comparing this with concentrations known to be toxic, is proposed. Examples are given of guidelines for cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc computed using both methods for toxicity data collected from sediments in Canadian Shield lakes near smelters. The causeeffect based guidelines can be much higher than those computed using the NSTP approach. They can also be higher than toxic thresholds estimated from experiments with metal-spiked sediments. Only true causeeffect based guidelines should be used for predicting the cause of toxicity in sediments.

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Mambenga, Patrick Vualu Ibula. "Contamination Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Cores from De Montigny Lake around Siscoe-Sullivan Former Mining Sites, Val-d’Or, Canada." Sustainability in Environment 6, no. 4 (2021): p16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v6n4p16.

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Seven sediment cores were collected from De Montigny Lake in order to determine concentrations, and contamination assessment of heavy metals such as Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co and Cd. The mean concentrations of heavy metals are as follows: 48.3 mg/kg for Cr, 36.4 mg/kg for Zn, 20.6 mg/kg for Ni, 14.7 mg/kg for Pb, 10.2 mg/kg for Cu, 6.7 mg/kg for Co and 0.1 mg/kg for Cd. Based on the sediment quality guidelines, the mean concentration metals such as Cr, Cu and Ni exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline. However, the concentration of Cr was more than the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Protection of Aquatic Life (CCME), and Threshold Effect Level (TEL) guidelines. The metal contamination in the sediments was also evaluated using Enrichment Factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) to assess natural and anthropogenic factors. The results of enrichment factor methods demonstrated that sediments from De Montigny Lake were moderately to high enriched, mainly controlled by through anthropogenic activities. According to Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations metals from the core sediment of De Montigny Lake are classified as having moderate impacts with potential adverse biotoxic effects.

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Gharibreza, Mohammadreza, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Ismail Yusoff, and John Kuna Raj. "An Evaluation of Bera Lake (Malaysia) Sediment Contamination Using Sediment Quality Guidelines." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/387035.

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Bera Lake is known as the first RAMSAR site and is the largest natural lake in Malaysia. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and Geoaccumulation index were used to evaluate Bera Lake sediment contamination. Five undisturbed cores were collected from Bera Lake sediment. Major and trace levels of elements were determined for 132 subsamples using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results marked two major groups of metallic elements bonded to the terrestrial and organic-rich sediments. Terrestrial sediments were strongly associated with accumulation of Li, Al, Pb, Cu, Cr, Na, Mg, Sr, and K during main fluxes of metals. However, a strong positive correlation was obtained between Fe, Mn, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Ca, and Cd elements and TOC and TN. The Mn/Fe ratio revealed a long-term redox and acidic condition at Bera Lake. Geoaccumulation index for all individual metals has classified Bera Lake sediment as low to moderately polluted. However, elemental values when compared with thresholds limits of SQG indicated that Bera Lake sediments were contaminated by arsenic and iron. Results prove that deforestation during the five phases of land developments since 1972 has significantly contributed to the existence of metals fluxes into the area.

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Long, Edward R., L. Jay Field, and Donald D. MacDonald. "Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17, no. 4 (1998): 714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170428.

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Cheam, V., T. Reynoldson, G. Garbai, J. Rajkumar, and D. Milani. "Local Impacts of Coal Mines and Power Plants across Canada. II. Metals, Organics and Toxicity in Sediments." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 4 (2000): 609–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.035.

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Abstract A Canada-wide survey was undertaken to study local impacts of coal mines and coal-fired electrical generating stations. The first part dealt with thallium in waters and sediments. This, Fart II, deals with metals and organics in sediments as well as sediment toxicity to four different organisms. Several elevated metal and PAH concentrations as well as high toxicity (based on biological sediment guidelines) were observed compared to uncontaminated sites. Based on Ontario's sediment guidelines, most of the studied sediments fell in the "marginally to significantly polluted" category of sediment quality, although two belonged to the "grossly polluted" class due to the extremely high concentrations of some metals. The observed diversity of PAHs and near-unity carbon preference indices indicate non-biological origins of the studied sediments. In this initial study, four different organisms, Chironomus riparius, Hyalella azteca, Hexagenia spp. (Hexagenia limbata) and Tubifex tubifex were used to determine sediment toxicity, which showed 50% of the tested sites were highly stressed.

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Kwok, Kevin W. H., Graeme E. Batley, Richard J. Wenning, Lingyan Zhu, Marnix Vangheluwe, and Shirley Lee. "Sediment quality guidelines: challenges and opportunities for improving sediment management." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 1 (2013): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1778-7.

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Shanmugam, Senthil, Rajesh Paramasivam, Ramasamy Venkidasamy, and Hema Mani. "ASSESSMENT OF METAL POLLUTION IN INTER TIDAL AND BEACH SEDIMENTS ALONG NORTH EAST COAST OF TAMILNADU, INDIA." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 12, no. 03 (2021): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202112329.

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The concentrations of major (Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, K and Ca) and trace (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) elements have been determined in inter tidal and beach surface sediments samples collected from North east coast of Tamilnadu, India. Major element analysis showed that the sediments had low concentrations when compared with crustal average and upper continental crust. Using sediment quality guidelines and different types of indexes, current trace elements pollution status in the study area were assessed. Sediment quality guidelines suggest that nickel and lead must be considered as a chemically potential concern in the study area. The indexes used in this study were enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and modified degree of contamination. Different indexes gave diverse status of inter tidal and beach sediment quality. The results are discussed in the context of the sources and pathways of trace elements in the North east coast of Tamilnadu, India.

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Diallo, Ibrahima MBemba, and Hiroaki Ishiga. "Evaluation of Trace Metal Contamination in Ise Bay, Mie Prefecture, Central Japan, Based on Geochemical Analysis of Tidal Flat Sediments." Environment and Pollution 5, no. 1 (2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ep.v5n1p92.

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<span lang="EN-US">Geochemical analysis of tidal flat sediments was conducted to evaluate the environment of Ise Bay, Mie, central Japan. The sediment samples were analyzed using XRF to determine the geochemical compositions of sediments in the Ise and Matsusaka estuaries and their foreshores. Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Anthropogenic Contribution (AC) parameters were used to examine the potential effect of human activity. Furthermore, the Coastal Ocean Sediment Database, lowest and severe effect levels and Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines were applied as benchmarks to assess the sediment quality. The results show that the highest average concentrations of metals occur in the Ise estuary, mainly due to the presence of higher proportions of silt and clay in samples at that site. The EFs of Pb in the Matsusaka foreshore, and that of As in the Ise foreshore reflect minimal pollution. The average AC ranged from 1 to 30%, implying that the lithology is the primary control of any enrichment in trace metals within the bay. The sediment quality guidelines indicate that the metal levels in the study areas do not constitute a major threat to biota.</span>

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McCready, S., G. F. Birch, E. R. Long, G. Spyrakis, and C. R. Greely. "An Evaluation of Australian Sediment Quality Guidelines." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 50, no. 3 (2006): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0233-7.

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Joksimovic, Danijela, Ana Perosevic-Bajceta, Ana Pesic, Rajko Martinovic, and Neda Boskovic. "Heavy metal concentrations in sediment and fish species from Boka Kotorska Bay." Studia Marina 33, no. 1 (2020): 26—. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3932095.

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The concentrations of lead, mercury, copper and zinc were determined in sediments and muscle tissues of red mullet (<em>Mullus barbatus</em>) sampled from Boka Kotorska Bay, the Montenegrin coast. The average concentrations of the heavy metals found in sediment samples were: 31.8 ± 7.04 mg/kg for Pb, 0.388 ± 0.056 mg/kg for Hg, 57.7 ± 27.4 mg/kg for Cu and 111 ± 31.1 mg/kg for Zn, dry weight, while the average concentrations of heavy metals in red mullet samples were: 0.045 ± 0.011 mg/kg for Pb, 0.65 ± 0.14 mg/kg for Hg, 0.26 ± 0.04 mg/kg for Cu and 2.39 ± 0.21 mg/kg for Zn, wet-weight. According to sediment quality guidelines, included in the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, only the concentrations of Cu and Hg exceeded the threshold effect levels (TEL). Also, considering USEPA Sediment Quality Guidelines, the sediments were classified as non-polluted (Pb) and moderately polluted (Cu and Zn). Metal concentrations in the red mullet samples in both seasons were lower than limits on permissible levels, defined by the National and European legislation.

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Reward Kokah Douglas, Ayebatin Fou, and Peremelade Perez Araka. "Analysis of sediment quality in the oil-reach Bayelsa state, Niger delta region of Nigeria." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 22, no. 2 (2025): 059–63. https://doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2025.22.2.0017.

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Sediments are a dire part of the aquatic ecosystems, and their contamination is a global concern. Therefore, this study evaluates sediment quality in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria based on heavy metal-contamination. To achieve this, three set of sediment samples were collected, two were sampled from areas with history of crude oil spills, and a control sample was collected from an area with no history of crude oil spills. Sediment sampling covered three different sites. For site 1, the mean concentrations of heavy metal were 0.49, 14.70, 7.35, 8.72, 13.92, and 38.06 mg/kg for cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, respectively. These concentrations were below the threshold effect concentration, and probable effect concentration. These are both environment risk guidelines. Similarly, for site 2, the mean concentrations of heavy metals were 1.92, 30.61, 19.41, 20.05, 22.99, and 102.28 mg/kg for the heavy metal order above. The concentration of cadmium (1.92) is above the threshold effect concentration value (0.99 mg/kg), which implies adverse effect is expected to occur. The concentration values of the rest heavy metals were below both the threshold effect concentration and probable effect concentration guideline values. For site 3, the mean concentration values following the heavy metal order were 0.29, 36.45, 20.20, 16.25, 21.51, and 62.14 mg/kg, respectively. These values are all below the two specified guideline values. The control samples all had concentrations below the guideline values of the two specified guidelines, indicating that the high concentration values were due to crude oil spills in the area. However, since heavy metals are known for their bioaccumulation and biomagnifications potentials, and degradation resistance, there is need for sediment quality analysis in the region to safeguard our aquatic ecosystems.

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G. Ingersoll, D. D. MacDonald, N. W, C. "Predictions of Sediment Toxicity Using Consensus-Based Freshwater Sediment Quality Guidelines." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41, no. 1 (2001): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010216.

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Magyar, M. I., V. G. Mitchell, A. R. Ladson, and C. Diaper. "An investigation of rainwater tanks quality and sediment dynamics." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.738.

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Rainwater tanks are being introduced into urban areas in Australia to supplement centralised potable supply systems. A pilot scale tank study and a full-scale field tank study found that heavy metal concentrations in water samples taken from the tank's supply point can, in some cases, exceed levels recommended by guidelines. Both studies also found very high concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments accumulated at the base of rainwater tanks. Laboratory experiments are underway to investigate sediment transport processes within a full-scale tank. Preliminary results demonstrate the effect of sediment resuspension on the quality of water released from the tank outlet. Improved tank designs that reduce sediment resuspension and mitigate impacts on water quality are the focus of future work.

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Ramli, Ichwana, Syahrul ., and Mutia Rizka Lestari. "Water and Sediment Quality Index Due To Gold Mining in The Krueng Kluet Hilir Watershed, Aceh Selatan Regency." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.15267.

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Increasing population growth, economic and industrial development will lead to the utilization of natural resources effected on water pollution. One of those activities related to natural resource utilization is gold mining. Mining activities cannot be separated from the use of chemicals that are harmful to living things; for example, it is mercury. This study aims to determine levels of mercury (Hg) that accumulate in water and sediments. The tools used in this research are QGIS 2.18.27 software and Global Positioning System. The material used is water and sediment samples. Water and sediment samples were analyzed at the Industrial Standardization Research Institute Laboratory to obtain several potential parameters such as hydrogen (pH), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu). These potential parameters are further analyzed using the Pollution Index (PI) method and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The results demonstrated that the water quality in downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed in for 2019 using the Pollution Index (PI) method for the drinking water (Class I) with the value is 6.2036. It is classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria and for the agricultural water (Class IV) with the value is 6.0796, classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria. The quality of sediments in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed using the sediment quality guidelines method with the value is 0.2343 is classified as an adverse effect for the biota of heavy metals on medium value. This shows that neither the water quality nor the sediment in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed does not accord with the water and sediment quality standards. Pollution Index can assess the quality of water bodies and becomes a consideration in taking actions to improve water quality. At the same time, SQGs show chemical concentrations that have biological effects on aquatic biodata.

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Chapman, Peter M., Brian Anderson, Scott Carr, et al. "General guidelines for using the sediment quality triad." Marine Pollution Bulletin 34, no. 6 (1997): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(96)00138-5.

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Gillam, A. H. "Marine sediment quality guidelines for PAHs for Canada." Marine Pollution Bulletin 22, no. 6 (1991): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(91)90801-x.

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de Deckere, Eric, Ward De Cooman, Vicky Leloup, Patrick Meire, Claudia Schmitt, and Peter C. von der Ohe. "Development of sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems." Journal of Soils and Sediments 11, no. 3 (2011): 504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0328-x.

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Burgess, Robert M., Walter J. Berry, David R. Mount, and Dominic M. Di Toro. "Mechanistic sediment quality guidelines based on contaminant bioavailability: Equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 32, no. 1 (2012): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2025.

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Silva, Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da, José Ramon Barros Cantalice, Vijay Pal Singh, Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento, Bradford Paul Wilcox, and Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva. "Heavy metal concentrations and ecological risk assessment of the suspended sediments of a multi-contaminated Brazilian watershed." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 41, no. 1 (2019): 42620. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42620.

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Metal concentrations in suspended sediments of one of the most polluted rivers in Brazil were measured. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma while Hg and As were analyzed with hydride generation flow injection atomic absorption spectroscopy. Contamination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was assessed using pollution indices, ecological risk assessment, statistical multivariate techniques and comparison with sediment quality guidelines. Suspended sediments of the upstream portion of the Ipojuca River are moderately contaminated, especially with Mn and As. On the other hand, sediments of the downstream section are highly contaminated, mainly with Zn, Pb, and As. Furthermore, the mean Ei (potential ecological risk) values of Pb and As showed considerable ecological risk in the downstream cross section. The comparison of our data with sediment guideline values indicated that the concentrations of Mn and Pb in the upstream section of the Ipojuca River pose a risk to sediment-dwelling organisms, while Pb and Zn are the metals of concern in the downstream section.

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Mandić, Jelena, Jere Veža, and Grozdan Kušpilić. "Assessment of environmental risk related to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the sediments along the eastern Adriatic coast." Acta Adriatica 63, no. 2 (2022): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.63.2.1.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were investigated in the sediments at 24 locations in the coastal area of Adriatic Sea. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 14,98 to 26145,62 µg kg-1, with the highest levels determined in the sediments of Šibenik Bay and the lowest in the sediment near Island of Pag. Unsubstituted PAH were prevailing PAH group in the sediments from the Šibenik Bay and in the Coastal area, while methyl-substituted PAH were dominant group in the sediments of the Kaštela Bay. In order to estimate the possible toxicological significance of PAH concentrations, Sediment Quality Assessment was done according to three different sets of sediment quality guidelines. A high environmental risk was calculated for each station in Šibenik Bay; for the station in vicinity of the Industrial port of Split and for the two stations in Coastal zone. Low environmental risk was determined in less urbanised areas such as Island of Pag. Sediment extracts were further analysed for acute toxicity by measurements of decrease in bioluminescence upon exposure to sediment extracts. Obtained results show disagreement between sediment toxicity predicted upon PAH levels in sediment and experimentally obtained sediment toxicity. Sediment extracts in which low PAH levels were measured showed high acute toxicity indicating that concentrations of PAH alone are a poor indicator of sediment toxicity. Correlation analysis between concentrations of specific PAH compounds and toxicity revealed the strongest association between acute sediment toxicity and sulphur-containing PAH suggesting the S-PAH should be considered in sediment toxicity assessment.

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Lintern, Anna, Marion Anderson, Paul Leahy, Ana Deletic, and David McCarthy. "Using sediment cores to establish targets for the remediation of aquatic environments." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (2015): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.525.

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When assigning site-specific restoration targets for deteriorating aquatic systems, it is necessary to have an understanding of the undisturbed or background state of the system. However, the site-specific characteristics of aquatic systems prior to disturbance are mostly unknown, due to the lack of historical water and sediment quality data. This study aims to introduce a method for filling this gap in our understanding, using dated sediment cores from the beds of aquatic environments. We used Bolin Billabong, a floodplain lake of the Yarra River (South-East Australia), as a case study to demonstrate the application of this method. We identified the concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc at 8 cm intervals through the sediment core. This showed that aluminium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, tin and zinc concentrations in Bolin Billabong sediments significantly increased after European settlement in the river catchment in the mid-19th century. The differences between current Australian sediment quality guidelines trigger values and the background metal concentrations in Bolin Billabong sediments underscore the value of using locally relevant background toxicant concentrations when setting water and sediment quality targets.

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Chang, Y. H., M. D. Scrimshaw, and J. N. Lester. "Quantifying uncertainties in the assessment of sediment quality: Statistical criteria and guidelines for sediment quality assessments." Environmental Technology 25, no. 2 (2004): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330409355458.

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Nurjanah, Siti, Keyla Nazwasyawinka, Camelia Batun Abrar, et al. "Kandungan Logam Berat Besi (Fe) pada Sedimen Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Kalih Selatan Banten." Buletin Oseanografi Marina 14, no. 2 (2025): 231–40. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v14i2.69313.

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Pulau Kalih Selatan terletak di sebelah barat laut Teluk Banten yang berdekatan dengan kawasan industri dan daerah penangkapan ikan menggunakan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA). Pulau ini memiliki keanekaragaman hayati seperti ekosistem mangrove, terumbu karang, dan lamun. Kawasan Industri di sekitar pulau dapat berdampak pada ekosistem perairan salah satunya pencemaran logam berat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan logam berat besi (Fe) yang terakumulasi pada sedimen di Pulau Kalih Selatan. Sampel sedimen dikumpulkan dari lima stasiun menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Logam Berat Fe dianalisis di Laboratorium Kimia BRIN KST Samaun Samadikun menggunakan metode Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis logam berat Fe menunjukan sedimen di Pulau Kalih Banten memiliki konsentrasi logam berat Fe antara 1.771 mg/kg hingga 41.455 mg/kg, dengan nilai rata-rata 11.144 mg/kg. Kandungan Fe dalam sedimen di hampir seluruh titik lokasi pengambilan sampel berada di bawah baku mutu dari Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario, hal ini diduga logam berat Fe yang terdapat pada perairan mengalami pengenceran dan sebagian terbawa menuju ke laut lepas yang dipengaruhi gelombang dan arus yang dapat menyebarkan kandungan Fe di semua stasiun nilainya lebih kecil dari baku mutu. South Kalih Island is located in the northwestern part of Banten Bay, adjacent to an industrial area and a fishing area using floating net cages (KJA). The island has biodiversity such as mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses. Industrial areas around the island can have an impact on aquatic ecosystems, one of which is heavy metal iron pollution. This study aims to identify the content of heavy metal iron (Fe) accumulated in sediments on South Kalih Island. Sediment samples were collected from five stations using purposive random sampling method. Fe heavy metals were analyzed at the BRIN KST Samaun Samadikun Chemistry Laboratory using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) method. The results obtained from the Fe heavy metal analysis showed that sediments in Kalih Island Banten had Fe heavy metal concentrations between 1,771 mg/kg to 41,455 mg/kg, with an average value of 11,144 mg/kg. The Fe content in sediments at almost all points of the sampling location is below the quality standards of the Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario, this is thought to be heavy metal Fe contained in the waters undergoes dilution and partially carried to the open sea which is influenced by waves and currents that can spread the Fe content at all stations the value is smaller than the quality standards.

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Bishop, Christine A., John Struger, Leonard J. Shirose, Lesley Dunn, and G. Douglas Campbell. "Contamination and Wildlife Communities in Stormwater Detention Ponds in Guelph and the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997 and 1998 Part II — Contamination and Biological Effects of Contamination." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 3 (2000): 437–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.027.

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Abstract Due to concerns that wildlife may be attracted to Stormwater detention ponds and would be exposed to contaminants accumulating in these ponds, a field study of 15 Stormwater ponds and one natural wetland in Guelph and the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, was performed in 1997 and 1998. At 9 of 16 sites, copper levels in water exceeded the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQGs) for the protection of aquatic life. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines were also exceeded by average water concentrations for lead at four sites, for zinc at three sites, for chromium at seven sites, and turbidity at ten sites. At the natural wetland, only turbidity levels exceeded the CWQGs. Sediments from all ponds contained concentrations of at least one contaminant that exceeded the “lowest effects level” (LED of the Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment in Ontario. Stormwater pond sediments contained concentrations exceeding provincial sediment quality guidelines at the LEL for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-bhc), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP), turbidity, oil and grease, total PAHs, chromium, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and arsenic. Concentrations of g-bhc, TKN, TP, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and arsenic in the sediment of the natural wetland also exceeded the LEL. Sediments at one site exceeded the provincial guideline at the severe effect level for chromium. Concentrations of lead, zinc, cadmium and total PAHs in sediments were correlated with the age of the ponds. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were low (&lt;0.08 µg/g wet weight) in pump-kinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) collected from two ponds in Guelph. Red-winged blackbird [Agelaius phoeniceus) eggs from two ponds in Toronto contained up to 1130 ng/g pp’DDE and up to 670 ng/g total PCBs. Those concentrations were much higher than in a reference site, but an order of magnitude below concentrations associated with health effects in songbirds. Among four Stormwater ponds and one natural wetland in Guelph, there was statistically lower hatching success of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) eggs, and larvae took longer to metamorphose into frogs at two Stormwater ponds. Statistically fewer tadpoles survived to metamorphosis at one Stormwater pond. We conclude that Stormwater ponds do not offer clean ecosystems for wildlife and the monitoring of contamination and its effects within Stormwater ponds is necessary.

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Campana, Olivia, Julián Blasco, and Stuart L. Simpson. "Demonstrating the Appropriateness of Developing Sediment Quality Guidelines Based on Sediment Geochemical Properties." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 13 (2013): 7483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4009272.

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Filion, Alain, and Antoine Morin. "Effect of local sources on metal concentrations in littoral sediments and aquatic macroinvertebrates of the St. Lawrence River, near Cornwall, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, S1 (2000): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-230.

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Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were measured in surface sediments and in five aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa to assess metal contamination in ecologically important but understudied shallow littoral areas of the St. Lawrence River, near Cornwall, Ontario, and to test for the effect of local point sources. Metal concentrations in littoral sediments were generally below the lowest effect level of the Ontario provincial sediment quality guidelines and were positively related to the proportion of fine particles and of organic matter in sediments. Analyses of the spatial distribution of metal concentrations in sediments and macroinvertebrates showed that local sources of Hg and Zn had contributed to the contamination of littoral sediments and macroinvertebrates. Concentrations of Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn in chironomids and oligochaetes were similar or higher than levels reported for deeper sites in the Cornwall area, despite the much lower concentrations in littoral sediments, suggesting a higher bioavailability of metals in littoral than in deeper sediments. Although the effect of local point sources of metals was still detectable in 1994, the comparison with Ontario sediment quality guidelines and with other sites in the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence ecosystem suggests that metal contamination of littoral sediments and invertebrates was relatively low.

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Michelsen, Teresa C. "Principles for Assessing the Reliability of Sediment Quality Guidelines." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 5, no. 4 (1999): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.1999.9657760.

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Bjørgesæter, Anders, and John S. Gray. "Setting sediment quality guidelines: A simple yet effective method." Marine Pollution Bulletin 57, no. 6-12 (2008): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.022.

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McCauley, Dennis J., G. M. DeGraeve, and T. K. Linton. "Sediment quality guidelines and assessment: overview and research needs." Environmental Science & Policy 3 (September 2000): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1462-9011(00)00040-x.

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Allen Burton, G. "Breaking from tradition: establishing more realistic sediment quality guidelines." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 4 (2017): 3047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8338-x.

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Swartz, Richard C. "Consensus sediment quality guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, no. 4 (1999): 780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180426.

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Bhuyan, Rajashree, Pinki Brahma, Mayuri Chabukdhara, Neha Tyagi, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, and Tabarak Malik. "Heavy metals contamination in sediments of Bharalu river, Guwahati, Assam, India: A tributary of river Brahmaputra." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0283665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283665.

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This study aimed to assess heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Bharalu river, India. Metal concentrations ranged from 6.65−54.6 mg/kg for Ni, 25.2−250.0 mg/kg for Zn, 83.3−139.1 mg/kg for Pb, and 11940.0−31250.0 mg/kg for Fe. The level of metal contamination was assessed using sediment quality guidelines, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution Load Index (PLI),Nemerow’s pollution index (PIN), and potential ecological risk index. Pb exceeded the sediment quality guidelines at all sites indicating a potential threat to the river ecosystem. (Igeo) and EF also showed moderate to severe enrichment for Pb. Potential ecological risk (RI) showed low risk in the sediments, and Pb is the major contributor to ecological risk. Overall, pollution indices revealed comparably higher contamination of the sediments in the downstream sites than in the upstream site. PCA and correlation matrix analysis indicated both anthropogenic and natural origins for metals. Among anthropogenic sources, urban discharges and waste dumping could be mainly attributed to metal contamination in the river sediments. These findings may aid in developing future river management methods explicitly aimed at tackling heavy metal pollution to prevent further damage to the river ecosystem.

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Yuan, Xu Yin, Quan Liu, Ji Zhou Li, Jun Feng Ji, and Chang Ping Mao. "Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds in Water and Surface Sediments from Taihu Lake and Nanjing Section of Changjiang, China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.624.

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Samples of surface water and sediment were collected in Taihu Lake and Nanjing section of Changjiang. Organochlorine compounds(OCCs) of samples were detected to investigate the characteristics and ecological risk of them in the lake and river. The concentrations of OCCs in water of Nanjing section of Changjiang were higher than those in Taihu Lake, but the concentrations of OCCs in sediments were higher in Taihu Lake. HCHs of Taihu sediments were relatively enriched, indicating the agricultural source of compounds. PCBs of Changjiang sediments were higher compared to Taihu sediments, denoting a obvious industrial source. Comparing with other compartments in China, HCHs of the study area were higher than most sediment of Chinese rivers, DDTs didn’t show high contents in sediments, PCBs was in relatively low levels. By contrast with the relevant sediment quality guidelines of these compounds, the ecological risk of OCCs in sediments were evaluated. The OCCs of sediments in Taihu Lake and Nanjing section of Changjiang didn’t show high ecological risk.

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Lockhart, W. L., C. G. Muir, P. Wilkinson, A. Yarechewski, and B. N. Billeck. "Chemical Contaminants in Fish and Sediment Core Samples from the Dnipro River, Ukraine, 1994." Water Quality Research Journal 33, no. 4 (1998): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1998.028.

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Abstract Some aspects of the quality of fish and sediment samples with respect to contamination with organochlorine compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several metals are addressed. Fish were obtained from three reservoirs: Kyiv, Kremenchuk and Kakhovka. Sediment cores were obtained from Kremenchuk, Zaporizhzhia and Kakhovka. Levels of contaminants in fish showed differences among species within a reservoir and among reservoirs within a species. The major organochlorine compounds found in the fish were DDT and PCBs with levels in the low ng/g range. Fish PCB levels generally tended to be higher in the Upper Kakhovka reservoir than in the other reservoirs and the congener profile suggested a local source of PCBs to that reservoir. Bream from the Kyiv reservoir had higher levels of mercury than bream from the other reservoirs even though they were of relatively small size. Lead-210 profiles in sediment cores suggested that all three cores sampled only recent time; two of the cores extended deeply enough to capture the large increase in cesium-137 from Chernobyl in 1986, and the third consisted only of material deposited after that event. Inputs of cesium-137 were high and there was no indication of decreases since 1986. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments were also high, especially in the Zaporizhzhia reservoir where concentrations consistently exceeded Canadian sediment quality guidelines by sever-alfold. Concentrations were lower in the Kakhovka reservoir but still in excess of guidelines, and they were lower yet at the most upstream core from Kremenchuk reservoir. A similar pattern was evident with several metals in sediments. Concentrations in the core from Zaporizhzhia exceeded those from Kakhovka which in turn exceeded those from Kremenchuk. Concentrations in both Zaporizhzhia and Kakhovka generally exceeded Canadian sediment quality guidelines. The general picture that emerges is one of a system of widespread chemical contamination not only with Chernobyl byproducts but also with hydrocarbons, metals and organochlorines, with significant sources downstream from the Kremenchuk site.

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Xu, Min, Rong Wang, Weiwei Sun, Dianchang Wang, and Xinghua Wu. "Source Identification and Ecological Risk of Potentially Harmful Trace Elements in Lacustrine Sediments from the Middle and Lower Reaches of Huaihe River." Water 15, no. 3 (2023): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030544.

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Sediment pollution caused by potentially harmful trace elements (PHTEs) has attracted a great deal of attention, due to the persistent risks it poses to human beings and ecosystems. However, the pollution status and source identification of PHTEs from the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River remains unclear. In this study, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, lead and isotopic ratios in the lacustrine sediments of this river are investigated to determine the source of, and ecological risk posed by, these PHTEs. The results show that the concentrations of chromium, copper, nickel and zinc are generally close to the background values in the lacustrine sediments, and are assessed as representing a low degree of contamination. By contrast, significantly higher concentrations of arsenic and cadmium are commonly measured in the upper sediments, which are mainly derived from the agricultural application of fertilizers, pesticides and wastewater. Meanwhile, possible atmospheric lead deposition is identified by the isotopic analysis. Among these PHTEs, adverse biological effects of arsenic, chromium, and nickel may occur in lakes according to consensus-based sediment quality guidelines, but cadmium is selected as a PHTE for priority control according to potential ecological risk index. Our study highlights that developing regional sediment quality guidelines and soil restoration in the catchment are crucial for the freshwater ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River.

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Lasumin, Nazerita, Khairul Nizam Mohamed, and Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff. "Vertical Distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu at Tropical Coastal Sediments: In Case of West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 6 (2022): 1514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380625.

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The level and pollution status of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in sediment cores of Bagan Pasir estuary, Sungai Buloh estuary, and the coastline of Port Dickson was assessed. Based on the vertical profiles of metals concentrations, the order of metals’ concentration in decreasing manner was Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd at Bagan Pasir and Sungai Buloh stations, while Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd at Port Dickson station. Most of the analyzed metals were below the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines and the effect range-low (ERL) at all sampling stations. The results of geo-accumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index classified the sediments quality as unpolluted with studied metals with the exception of the element Pb at certain depths of the sediment cores as well as historical pollution at bottom sediment at Sungai Buloh station. Therefore, metal concentrations in the sediments of these stations were not at an alarming stage, however, requires regular monitoring from the authorities to maintain sustainable management of these areas especially at Sungai Buloh due to anthropogenic activities.

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Ezekwe, Clinton Ifeanyichukwu, and Israel Clinton Utong. "Hydrocarbon Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Oturuba Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Environmental Geography 10, no. 1-2 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2017-0001.

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Abstract This study aimed at examining the impact of oil pollution from artisanal oil refineries on the Oturuba river ecosystem using active river bottom sediment. Specific objectives included to determine the level of hydrocarbons and trace metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, V and Mg) in the sediments and to relate this with general ecosystem health. The study found elevated concentrations of both hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the range above most sediment quality guidelines exceeding the respective Threshold Effects Level and Probable Effects. Level guideline values and occurring at levels where impairment to biological communities is certain an d where toxicity levels can lead to negative impacts on benthic animals or infaunal communities. Heavy metal geochemical accumulation index and potential ecological risk analysis also returned anomalously high concentrations in the range of very highly polluted sediment environments with very high ecological risk indices, thereby ranking the Oturuba Creek as one of the most polluted coastal river systems in the world.

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Vallius, Henry. "Applying sediment quality guidelines on soft sediments of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea." Marine Pollution Bulletin 98, no. 1-2 (2015): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.036.

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Long, Edward R., Donald D. MacDonald, Corinne G. Severn, and Carolyn B. Hong. "Classifying probabilities of acute toxicity in marine sediments with empirically derived sediment quality guidelines." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 10 (2000): 2598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191028.

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Ling, S. Y., A. Junaidi, A. Mohd Harun, and M. Baba. "Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Coastal Sediment Cores from Usukan Beach, Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2314, no. 1 (2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2314/1/012008.

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Abstract This article discussed on the status of heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) pollution in coastal sediment cores and assess the sediment quality from Usukan Beach, Kota Belud. Several geochemical parameter analyses such as pH, moisture content (MC), organic matter (OM) and granulometric size were performed to identify the physico-chemical properties of sediments that affect the assessment of metal pollution. Heavy metals in the sediment samples were extracted using aqua regia methods and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were employed for determination of heavy metals in extracted sediment solutions. The results show that the coastal sediment changes from acidic to alkaline when heading from inland to seaward direction, with an average pH of 5.6-8.5. The moisture content and organic matter fluctuate from low to moderately high, within the range of 4.9-21.9% and 0.30-6.73%, respectively. The coastal sediments are dominated by a sandy texture near the marine environment and change to sandy loam and sandy clay loam when heading toward the inland. The hierarchical average metal concentration shows Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>As. Sediment quality assessment is evaluated based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and from the pollution indices such as geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd) and pollution load index (PLI). The results indicated the sediment has only low degree of contamination by anthropogenic sources and the current status of the study area is safe from pollution.

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Garinas, W., H. Hidayaturahman, and A. N. Majalis. "Mercury content in mining waste and its effect on the surrounding environment (Case study: Small-scale gold mining locations-West Sumbawa)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1201, no. 1 (2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012047.

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Abstract This study was conducted to determine the content of mercury in the flowing river around small-scale gold mines. Mining wastes from the run of mining are dumped into the watersheds and potentially contaminate the water and sediment in the watershed near the gold mining area. We analyzed the characteristics of the waste and the result was compared with the water quality standards (Environment Minister Decision No.202 of 2004 and Government Regulation No.82 of 2001) and sediment quality standard (the Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL)). We found that wastewater from the gold mining areas was categorized in class IV. The mercury content in the sediment samples did not meet the standards of Canadian sediment quality guidelines for TEL. The content of mercury in the sediment samples from the gold mine site was very high. The sediment mercury samples had been settled for a long time around the watershed. The content of mercury in the mining location indicated that mercury had been contaminating the area around the small-scale gold mining.

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Botutihe, Deasy Natalia, Sri Wanti Sappe, Ahmad Kadir Kilo, Jafar La Kilo, and Akram La Kilo. "Lead Metal in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Rumbia River." Acta Chimica Asiana 4, no. 1 (2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/aca.v4i1.45.

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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the levels of leadcontained in the water and sediments of the Rumbia River. This research was conducted in a quantitative manner. Lead levels were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) of Simatzu AA 500. The results showed that the leadcontent in Rumbia River water for point A1 was undetectable whereas point 2 and 3 were 0.001 mg/kg. In sediments, at point A1 is 1.8 mg/kg and at points 2 and 3 were 0.9 mg/kg. The level of Pb in Rumbia River water is still below the water quality standard limit for marine biota determined by the Ministry of Environment No. 51 of 2004. Similarly, lead levels in sediments are below the threshold standard for sediment quality based on sediment quality guidelines for metals and associated levels of concern to be used in doing assessments of sediment quality. In general, it can be said that the concentration of lead in the Rumbia River is still at a harmless level. However, socio-economic conditions that continue to change over time can cause changes in the level of water pollution. So there needs to be an effort and public awareness in maintaining the occurrence of increased levels of pollutants in the Rumbia River.

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Journal of Chemistry. "Corrigendum to “An Evaluation of Bera Lake (Malaysia) Sediment Contamination Using Sediment Quality Guidelines”." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7270906.

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44

Bay, Steven M., Kerry J. Ritter, Doris E. Vidal-Dorsch, and L. Jay Field. "Comparison of national and regional sediment quality guidelines for classifying sediment toxicity in California." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 8, no. 4 (2012): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1330.

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Sahli, Leila, Fatima-Zohra Afri-Mehennaoui, Mohamed El Hadef El Okki, Jean François Férard, and Smail Mehennaoui. "Assessment of sediment quality and pore water ecotoxicity in Kebir Rhumel basin (NE-Algeria): a combined approach." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 2 (2012): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.802.

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The objectives of this study are to use different approaches to assess the current pollution status in the wadis of the Kebir Rhumel basin. First, sediment trace metal contents were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Then, sediment quality was assessed on the basis of contamination assessment indexes such as: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination factor (Cf), Contamination degree (Cd), Sediment Pollution Index (SPI) and SEQ guidelines (Consensus Sediment Quality Guidelines). In addition, several toxicity tests (Daphnia magna mobility inhibition acute test-48 h, Aliivibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition acute test – 15/30 mn and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata growth inhibition chronic test – 72 h) were conducted to assess sediment pore water ecotoxicity. Trace metal concentrations followed the order: Mn &gt; Zn &gt; Pb &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Co &gt; Cd. Indexes used indicate varying degrees of sediment quality. Igeo, Cf, Cd and SPI reveal a polymetallic contamination dominated by two or more elements in which Cd, Cu and Pb are of greatest concern. SEQ guidelines showed that biological effects on fauna would likely be observed occasionally and/or frequently for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn contents. Test organisms exposed to sediment pore water showed that the algal P. subcapitata test was more sensitive than the D. magna and A. fischeri tests. Hence, algal growth inhibition proved to be the most sensitive response to contaminants present in sediment extracts but a significant relationship with trace metal contents was not demonstrated.

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Nourian, Ghafour, Neamat Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard, Abdul Rahim Pazira, and Esmaeil Kohgardi. "Assessment of ecological risk and identification sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at coastal sediments: A case study in Bushehr Province, Iran." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 8, no. 4 (2021): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2021.29.

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Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are stable and highly toxic environmental pollutants, which are produced mainly through combustion processes. The present study aimed to identify and determine PAHs compounds and their ecotoxicological effects in surface sediments of 20 stations in Bushehr province (Assaluyeh, Kangan, Khark, Emam Hasan, and Bushehr areas). Methods: All sediment samples (0-5 cm) were collected from 20 sites of Persian Gulf costs (Bushehr province, Iran). The concentration of PAHs was determined by HPLC. Then, in order to identify the sources of PAHs, ƩLPAHs/ƩHPAHs, IP/ (IP+BP), PH/AN, and AN/(PH+AN) ratios were obtained. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and sediment quality criteria (SQC) were used to measure the PAHs ecotoxicological effects in sediments. Results: Based on PAHs isomeric ratios, the contaminants of sediments originated from pyrogenic resources. ƩPAHs values (ng/g dw) in sediment samples ranged from ND to 49180. The toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ car) of PAHs raged from ND-7999 ngTEQ/g. Based on SQGs and SQC, the concentrations of ƩPAHs compounds in 10% and 6% of the sampling stations exceeded effects range median (ERM) and frequent effect level (FEL), respectively, indicating negative ecological risk effects. Conclusion: Sampling stations sediments must be routinely checked for PAHs because may lead to a negative effect on the marine ecosystem, organisms, and humans.

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Esmaeilzadeh, Marjan, Elham Mahmoudpuor, Somayeh Haghighat, Sara Esmaeilzadeh, Hamide Aliani, and Najmeh Yazdanfar. "Contamination and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in sediments of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 9 (2021): 2578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.455.

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Abstract In this paper, concentrations of some heavy metals in surficial sediments of the International Anzali Wetland were measured, this wetland is located in the northern part of Iran. Sediment pollution levels were examined and analyzed using reliable pollution indices including Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Enrichment Factor (CF), and finally it was revealed that heavy metal pollution ranged from low to moderate loads in the wetland. According to Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) and Ecological Risk Index (ERI), it was concluded that As and Ni may have significant toxic impacts on aquatic organisms and also according to Effect Range Median (ERM), the toxicity probability of sediments in the Anzali wetland was estimated at 21%.

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Leung, Kenneth M. Y., John S. Gray, W. K. Li, Gilbert C. S. Lui, Yuan Wang, and Paul K. S. Lam. "Deriving Sediment Quality Guidelines from Field-Based Species Sensitivity Distributions." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 14 (2005): 5148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050450x.

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Bewers, J. M., J. M. Osborne, D. H. Loring, and M. Porebski. "A Geochemical and Biological Basis for Marine Sediment Quality Guidelines." Chemistry and Ecology 14, no. 3-4 (1998): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757549808037602.

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Arblaster, Jennifer, Michael G. Ikonomou, and Frank APC Gobas. "Toward ecosystem-based sediment quality guidelines for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 11, no. 4 (2015): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1638.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sediment quality guidelines'

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