Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sediment transport Shorelines Beach erosion

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sediment transport Shorelines Beach erosion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sediment transport Shorelines Beach erosion"

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Tsujimoto, Gozo, Masahiro Tamai, Yasuhide Takano, and Ryuta Yamaguchi. "SEDIMENT DYNAMICS BEHAVIOR AND BEACH PROFILE TYPES BASED ON SEDIMENT PROPERTIES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.76.

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Sand samples along the shorelines and in the rivers of Tottori Prefecture were assayed for chemical elements using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Samples contained more than 60 wt. % Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Na and Mg less than 10 wt. %. It was found by EOF analysis that Si, Al, Ca and Fe were the significant chemical elements. The spatial variations of first mode of Si are related to sediment dynamic behavior. The transport regime is net accretion when the first mode value of Si is increasing, and net erosion when being decreasing.
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Do, Kideok, Nobuhisa Kobayashi, and Kyung-Duck Suh. "EROSION AND ACCRETION ON CURVED BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 18, 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.11.

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The performance of a large nourishment project on Bethany Beach, Delaware is evaluated using available beach profile, wave and tide data during September 2007 to September 2010. The volume of the placed sand with the median diameter of 0.31 mm was about 500 m3/m along the curved shoreline of 1.8 km length. The nourished beach was attacked by two severe storms in May 2008 and November 2009. The eroded sand volume above the mean sea level (MSL) was about 70 m3/m for each of the two storms and emergency repairs were necessary. The numerical cross-shore model with multiple cross-shore lines is used to compute the cross-shore and longshore sediment transport. The beach erosion above MSL is shown to be caused by the offshore sand transport and the alongshore gradient of the longshore sand transport rate. The performance of the nourished beach is predicted to be sensitive to the sand diameter in the range of 0.23 to 0.45 mm.
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Yamada, Koji, Takaaki Uda, Yoshio Suwa, Toshiro San-nami, Kou Furuike, and Toshinori Ishikawa. "MECHANISM OF OFFSHORE SAND DISCHARGE INTO SUBMARINE CANYON TRIGGERED BY CONSTRUCTING DETACHED BREAKWATER CLOSE TO SHORELINE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.18.

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Several submarine canyons have developed offshore of the Aramata region of the Shimoni-ikawa coast in Toyama Bay, which is one of the three deep bays in Japan. The Kurobe River with a steep bed slope flows into the sea immediately north of this region, and a large amount of sediment has been supplied to this area, which has been transported by southward longshore sand transport. However, beach erosion has occurred owing to the decrease in sediment supply from the Kurobe River. Furthermore, since the construction of detached breakwaters as a measure against beach erosion, offshore sand transport has accelerated and beach erosion has become more severe. In this study, aerial photographs and bathymetric survey data were analyzed, then the mechanism of offshore sand transport was investigated using the BG model proposed by Serizawa et al. (2007).
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Kabiling, Michael B., Michael E. Trudnak, and Richard Bouchard. "EVALUATION OF SHORELINE STABILIZATION USING A HYBRID SHORELINE MORPHOLOGY MODEL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.50.

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The Fort Pierce Shore Protection Project, located in St. Lucie County, Florida, nourishes a 2.09-km Atlantic Ocean shoreline south of Fort Pierce Inlet on Florida’s east coast. After each beach nourishment, historical measurements indicate the beach fill erodes nonuniformly, with a hotspot along the northernmost 0.7 km requiring nourishment after about two years of normal wave regimes. However, storms can quickly erode the beach fill and require nourishment earlier than the normal two-year interval. Longshore transport carries most of the eroded fill to the south, creating a strong feeder-beach effect. This study evaluated several designs and combinations of coastal structures to produce more uniform erosion throughout the project area and to increase the nourishment interval. The study applied several state-of-the-art numerical models to evaluate the two-dimensional effect of a “coastal structures” alternative on hydrodynamics, waves, sediment transport, and beach morphology.
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Oh, Jung-Eun, Yeon S. Chang, Weon Mu Jeong, Ki Hyun Kim, and Kyong Ho Ryu. "Estimation of Longshore Sediment Transport Using Video Monitoring Shoreline Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080572.

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Video monitoring systems (VMS) have been used for beach status observation but are not effective for examining detailed beach processes as they only measure changes to the shoreline and backshore. Here, we extracted longshore sediment transport (LST) from VMS in order to investigate long- and short-term littoral processes on a pocket beach. LST estimated by applying one-line theory, wave power, and the oblique angle of incident waves were used to understand shoreline changes caused by severe winter storms. The estimated LST showed good agreement with the shoreline changes because the sediments were trapped at one end of the pocket beach and the alongshore direction of transported sediments was corresponded to the direction of LST. The results also showed that the beach that was severely eroded during storms was also rapidly recovered following the evolution of LST, which indicates that the LST may play a role in the recovery process while the erosion was mainly caused by the cross-shore transport due to storm waves. After the beach was nourished, beach changes became more active, even under lower wave energy conditions, owing to the equilibrium process. The analysis presented in this study could be applied to study inhomogeneous beach processes at other sites.
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Frey, Ashley, James Rosati, III, Kenneth J. Connell, Hans Hanson, and Magnus Larson. "MODELING ALTERNATIVES FOR EROSION CONTROL AT MATAGORDA COUNTY,TEXAS, WITH GENCADE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 14, 2012): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.97.

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Matagorda Peninsula and Sargent Beach, Texas, USA, have experienced some of the highest rates of erosion along the Texas coast. In order to increase protection from tropical events and slow beach habitat erosion, several structural alternatives were studied. These alternatives were modeled with GenCade, a newly developed 1D shoreline change and sand transport model. GenCade was calibrated and validated over the 60 miles of shoreline in Matagorda County. Then separate GenCade grids and simulations were conducted for the structural alternatives at Matagorda Peninsula and Sargent Beach. At Matagorda Peninsula, different groin lengths and spacing between groins were modeled with and without beach fills and mechanical bypassing. The alternatives at Sargent Beach included detached breakwaters, groins, and beach fills. Although the process described in this paper only includes a small part of a more detailed study, these simulations helped lead to a recommendation of the selected alternatives for preliminary engineering design.
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Johnson, Bradley, and Jesse McNinch. "LONG-TERM MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION MODEL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.64.

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Nearshore morphology models predicting storm-scale erosion have been in use for the past several decades. These empirical tools typically focus on a single time-scale, which limits the utilization. For example, models developed to predict cross-shore storm erosion are poorly suited for longer-term simulations that include the beach recovery between events and gradients in longshore transport. Herein, the one-dimensional model CSHORE is extended to include shoreline change associated with along- shore variation in transport. A comparison of model predictions with long-term shoreline data from South Carolina demonstrate reasonable agreement with both erosion and accretion.
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Chang, Jin, Jeong, Kim, and Do. "Video Monitoring of Shoreline Positions in Hujeong Beach, Korea." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9234984.

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Shoreline processes observed by a video monitoring system were investigated under different wave conditions. A 30 m-high tower equipped with video cameras was constructed in Hujeong Beach, South Korea, where coastal erosion was suspected to occur. Two-year shoreline data since December 2016 showed that beach area, Ab, has decreased, but periods of rapid increase in Ab were also observed. Shoreline change was closely related to the wave propagation directions and bottom topography. Ab increased when waves approached the shore obliquely, whereas it decreased when they approached in a normal direction. The shoreline became undulated when Ab increased, while it became flatter when Ab decreased. The undulation process was influenced by nearshore bedforms because the shoreline protruded in the lee area where underwater rocks or nearshore sandbars actively developed, with a sheltering effect on waves. Specifically, the locations of shoreline accretion corresponded to the locations where the sandbar horns (location where a crescentic sandbar protrudes toward the shore) developed, confirming the out-of-phase coupling between sandbars and shoreline. When waves with higher energy approached normal to the shore, the sheltering effect of sandbars and underwater rocks became weaker and offshore sediment transport occurred uniformly along the coast, resulting in flatter shorelines.
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Lazarus, E. D., D. E. McNamara, M. D. Smith, S. Gopalakrishnan, and A. B. Murray. "Emergent behavior in a coupled economic and coastline model for beach nourishment." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 18, no. 6 (December 15, 2011): 989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-989-2011.

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Abstract. Developed coastal areas often exhibit a strong systemic coupling between shoreline dynamics and economic dynamics. "Beach nourishment", a common erosion-control practice, involves mechanically depositing sediment from outside the local littoral system onto an actively eroding shoreline to alter shoreline morphology. Natural sediment-transport processes quickly rework the newly engineered beach, causing further changes to the shoreline that in turn affect subsequent beach-nourishment decisions. To the limited extent that this landscape/economic coupling has been considered, evidence suggests that towns tend to employ spatially myopic economic strategies under which individual towns make isolated decisions that do not account for their neighbors. What happens when an optimization strategy that explicitly ignores spatial interactions is incorporated into a physical model that is spatially dynamic? The long-term attractor that develops for the coupled system (the state and behavior to which the system evolves over time) is unclear. We link an economic model, in which town-manager agents choose economically optimal beach-nourishment intervals according to past observations of their immediate shoreline, to a simplified coastal-dynamics model that includes alongshore sediment transport and background erosion (e.g. from sea-level rise). Simulations suggest that feedbacks between these human and natural coastal processes can generate emergent behaviors. When alongshore sediment transport and spatially myopic nourishment decisions are coupled, increases in the rate of sea-level rise can destabilize economically optimal nourishment practices into a regime characterized by the emergence of chaotic shoreline evolution.
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Jiang, Angela Wenping, Michael Hughes, Peter Cowell, Angus Gordon, Juan Carlos Savioli, and Roshanka Ranasinghe. "A HYBRID MODEL OF SWASH-ZONE LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ON REFLECTIVE BEACHES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 30, 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.29.

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The hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the swash zone is currently outside the domain of coastal-area models, which is a significant limitation in obtaining littoral sediment-transport estimates, especially on steep reflective beaches where the waves practically break on the beachface. In this study, an existing process-based coastal model (MIKE 21) is combined with a theoretical derivation of swash processes, resulting in an innovative hybrid modelling approach that is capable of estimating longshore sediment transport in the swash zone. The method relies upon estimation of swash hydrodynamics from an extended ballistic swash model with friction included. The terminal bore and other incident wave properties were computed from the output of a spectral-wave model (MIKE 21 SW). The Bagnold-type equation was applied to estimate gross transport volumes and the longshore component was computed for the sand volume displaced during the up-rush. The newly developed hybrid modelling approach was applied to Jimmys beach, a steep reflective beach (D50 = 0.3 mm, gradient=0.1) along the northern shoreline of Port Stephens, Australia. The model results yield the alongshore swash transport pathways and the indicative transport volumes. A point of divergence is identified at the beach erosion area, which is of critical importance in terms of shoreline erosion and management. The preliminary results suggest that swash-zone transport can account for a large percentage of the total littoral drift for such beaches. However, further field or laboratory data are required to test model utility, as well as to tune calibration parameters based on the site-specific conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sediment transport Shorelines Beach erosion"

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Schmied, Lauren. "Cross shore sediment transport and beach profile change." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 297 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203570311&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Whitcombe, Leslie John. "Sediment transport processes, with particular reference to Hayling Island." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294696.

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Nairn, Robert Bruce. "Prediction of cross-shore sediment transport and beach profile evolution." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46463.

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Faries, Joseph W. C. "A new conductivity sediment concentration profiler (CCP) for the measurement of nearbed sediment concentrations application in the swash zone on a laboratory beach /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 150 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1889078541&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Figlus, Jens. "Seasonal and yearly profile changes of Delaware beaches." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 198 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1253510781&Fmt=7&clientId=79356&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Cambazoglu, Mustafa Kemal. "Numerical modeling of cross-shore sediment transport and sandbar migration." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31744.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Kevin A. Haas; Committee Member: Emanuele Di Lorenzo; Committee Member: Hermann M. Fritz; Committee Member: Paul A. Work; Committee Member: Terry W. Sturm. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Teran, Cobo Pablo. "Model simulations of bar evolution on a large scale laboratory beach." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 150 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338884401&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Zhao, Ruoshu. "Comparison of Beach Changes Induced by Two Hurricanes along the Coast of West-Central Florida." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7388.

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The beach profiles pre-and post-the Hurricane Hermine (2016) and Irma (2017) along the Sand Key barrier island were collected to quantify longshore variations in storm induced beach changes as well as to compare the beach changes caused by hydrodynamic conditions of the two different hurricanes. Cross-shore beach profile are examined in 4 sections including dune field, dry beach, sand bar and whole beach to calculate beach change. The volume change for each section and shoreline contour change before and post the hurricane was computed. Hydrodynamic conditions were obtained from adjacent NOAA’s tide and wave gauges. Both hurricanes generated high offshore waves, with Hurricane Hermine generated waves mostly from southwest, and Irma generated waves dominantly from northeast. Hurricane Hermine generated a storm surge of up to 1 m. While hurricane Irma generated negative surge of -1.1 m. Several beach profile parameters such as the foreshore slope, as well as volume changes of dune field, dry beach and sand bar induced by the two hurricanes were computed. Under both storms, the foreshore slope became steeper after the storm north of the headland, while the foreshore slope became gentler south of the headland. Storm surge plays an important role in inducing beach erosion. Hurricane Hermine with 1 m surge caused significant dune erosion in terms of dune volume loss and dune line retreat. On the other hand, hurricane Irma with negative surge only caused minor dune erosion. Sand bar moved seaward during both hurricanes, with Irma induced a much greater offshore movement than that of Hermine. In addition, the sand bar height decreased significantly during Irma. In contrast, during Hermine the sand bar height remained largely similar before and after the storm. Large alongshore variations in beach erosion was observed during both hurricanes as influenced by background erosion rate and direction of incident waves as they approaching the curved shoreline. For both storms, the erosional hot spot at North Sand Key with the highest background erosion rate suffered the most sand loss over the entire profile. More sand was eroded from the dry beach along the broad headland than along the beaches both north and south of it. Corresponding to the higher volume of dry beach erosion, shoreline retreat was also the largest around the headland. During Hurricane Hermine, the headland sheltering of the southerly approaching waves resulted in more erosion to the south than to the north. The opposite happened during Hurricane Irma with northerly approaching wave. More erosion occurred to the north of the headland than that to the south. Systematic measurement of beach profile beach and after hurricanes can improve our understanding on beach morphodynamics on storm induced beach changes.
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Srisuwan, Chatchawin. "Size-selective sediment transport and cross-shore profile evolution in the nearshore zone." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45892.

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Cross-shore bathymetric evolution in the nearshore zone often leads to threatening consequences such as beach erosion and shoreline retreat that concern the coastal community. A new, comprehensive cross-shore morphodynamic model was developed that can be used to describe and predict these phenomena. The study included both physical and numerical models that were designed to focus on the influence of sediment size characteristics on the cross-shore sediment transport process. For a profile equilibrium timescale, three types of beach profiles with different sediment mixtures were simulated in a small-scale, random-wave flume laboratory using erosive, storm, and accretive wave conditions. Dynamic relationships between the sediment grain sorting and beach profile changes were found to be evident as size-graded sediment fractions tended to relocate to different energetic zones along the cross-shore profiles. Existing phase-averaged wave and circulation models were utilized together with several new intra-wave modules for predicting important hydrodynamic parameters that were validated using the experimental data. A novel, multi-size sediment transport model was formulated to compute individual transport rates of size-graded sediment fractions while accounting for their interaction and non-linear size dependencies. The model was coupled with a new grain sorting model that resolves cross-shore grain sorting and vertical grain lamination. Compared to a traditional modeling approach, the new comprehensive model proved to offer superior modeling accuracy for both profile evolution and sediment grain size change. The use of the model is most advantageous for a condition with intensive grain sorting, a common scenario on a natural beach profile. Equilibrium beach profile is also better simulated by the model as size-graded fractions are predicted to relocate to different zones where they could withstand local hydrodynamics. Other new components that also help improve the modeling capability include the terms for wave-breaking and bed-slope effects, wave-crest sediment flux, and acceleration-induced bottom-shear stress. Besides superior profile modeling accuracy, sediment size characteristics and their spatial and temporal variations are also a useful set of information provided by the new model.
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Chenault, Carla D. "Understanding long-term beach width change in the Oceanside littoral cell, California." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Books on the topic "Sediment transport Shorelines Beach erosion"

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Foyle, Anthony M. Erosion and accretion trends along the Lake Michigan shore at North Point Marina and Illinois Beach State Park: Year-3 (1997) report of a four-year study of coastal geology and coastal geologic processes. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, Coastal and Wetlands Geology Section, 1998.

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Foyle, Anthony M. Erosion and accretion trends along the Lake Michigan shore at North Point Marina and Illinois Beach State Park: Year-2 (1996) report of a four-year study of coastal geology and coastal geologic processes. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, Coastal and Wetlands Geology Section, 1997.

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Chrzastowski, Michael J. Erosion and accretion trends along the Lake Michigan shore at North Point Marina and Illinois Beach State Park: Year-1 (1995) report of a four-year study of coastal geology and coastal geologic processes. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, Coastal and Wetlands Geology Section, 1996.

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Smith, S. Jarrell. Monmouth Beach, New Jersey: Beach-fill "hot spot" erosion evaluation : Physical processes analysis. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1999.

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Nearshore Processes Workshop (1989 St. Petersburg, Fla.). Report on the state of nearshore processes research: Results from the Nearshore Processes Workshop, St. Petersburg, Florida, April 24-26, 1989. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University, College of Oceanography, 1990.

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Wise, Randall A. SBEACH: Numerical model for simulating storm-induced beach change. [Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1996.

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Kraus, Nicholas C. SUPERTANK Laboratory Data Collection Project: Final report. Vicksburg, MS (3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg 39180-6199): US Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, 1994.

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Kraus, Nicholas C. SUPERTANK Laboratory Data Collection Project: Volume I, main text. [Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1994.

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Galvin, Cyril J. Twenty-five years as a coastal engineer. [Springfield, Va.?: s.n.], 2003.

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Southern Lake Michigan coastal ice and sediment sample data: Shoreface and ice profiles (winter 1990/91). [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sediment transport Shorelines Beach erosion"

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Rabiee, A., A. Yeganeh-Bakhtiary, A. Etemad-Shahidi, T. Yamashita, and M. Larson. "Modeling of beach erosion and sediment transport under storm condition." In Hydrodynamics VI: Theory and Applications, 273–78. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16815-41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sediment transport Shorelines Beach erosion"

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Bobykina, Valentina, Valentina Bobykina, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Konstantin Karmanov, and Konstantin Karmanov. "MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE SHORES OF THE VISTULA SPIT (THE BALTIC SEA) IN A PERIOD OF 2002-2015 BY RESULTS OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315ec153d.

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For the first time, the quantitative characteristics of the Vistula Spit shore dynamics based on the ground-based monitoring data for 2002-2015 were presented. On the sea shore, 3 sections can be distinguished by the direction of coastal processes, i.e. the stable section to the north of the Strait of Baltiysk, the eroded 4-km section to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk, with maximum erosion rate up to 2 m/year; in the remaining area of the Spit (21 km) to the Polish border there is an alternation of stable, eroded and accumulative areas. Since 2011, a steady erosion (in the stable segments of the third section) and general weakening of the erosion rate (in the second section) have been recorded. 50% of the length of the lagoon shore was the subject to annual active erosion (0.2 - 1.4 m/year). The beaches of the sea and lagoon shores of the Vistula Spit were mainly composed of medium sands. The alongshore variability in particle size distribution on the sea and lagoon shores (according to the 2015 survey data) actually fail to correlate with long-term dynamic processes, with the exception of the steadily eroded 4-kilometer area on the sea coast to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk. Variations in the composition of sediment along the shore on the shoreline are most likely associated with the results of the latest wave processing (or storm processing and eolian transport in the case of an average beach sample).
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Bobykina, Valentina, Valentina Bobykina, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Konstantin Karmanov, and Konstantin Karmanov. "MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE SHORES OF THE VISTULA SPIT (THE BALTIC SEA) IN A PERIOD OF 2002-2015 BY RESULTS OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b943e73f9e6.07698800.

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For the first time, the quantitative characteristics of the Vistula Spit shore dynamics based on the ground-based monitoring data for 2002-2015 were presented. On the sea shore, 3 sections can be distinguished by the direction of coastal processes, i.e. the stable section to the north of the Strait of Baltiysk, the eroded 4-km section to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk, with maximum erosion rate up to 2 m/year; in the remaining area of the Spit (21 km) to the Polish border there is an alternation of stable, eroded and accumulative areas. Since 2011, a steady erosion (in the stable segments of the third section) and general weakening of the erosion rate (in the second section) have been recorded. 50% of the length of the lagoon shore was the subject to annual active erosion (0.2 - 1.4 m/year). The beaches of the sea and lagoon shores of the Vistula Spit were mainly composed of medium sands. The alongshore variability in particle size distribution on the sea and lagoon shores (according to the 2015 survey data) actually fail to correlate with long-term dynamic processes, with the exception of the steadily eroded 4-kilometer area on the sea coast to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk. Variations in the composition of sediment along the shore on the shoreline are most likely associated with the results of the latest wave processing (or storm processing and eolian transport in the case of an average beach sample).
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Ramsdell, Robert C., Sape A. Miedema, and Arno M. Talmon. "Hydraulic Transport of Sand/Shell Mixtures." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49695.

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When considering pumping shells through a pipeline we have to consider that the shells are not spherical, but more discs shaped. When shells settle they will settle like leaves where the biggest cross section is exposed to the drag. But when they settle, they will settle in the same orientation, flat on the sediment, so the sides of the shells are exposed to the horizontal flow in the pipeline. Since the side cross section is much smaller than the horizontal cross section, a much higher velocity is required to make them erode and go back into suspension. The settling velocity is much smaller because of the large area of the cross section. Even when the slurry velocity exceeds the settling velocity, there will always be some shells that will reach the bottom of the pipe due to the combination of settling velocity and turbulence. Once these shells are on top of the sediment they are hard to remove by erosion, because they lay flat on the surface and have a small cross section that is exposed to the flow compared with the weight of the shell. So although their settling velocity is much lower than equivalent sand particles, the erosion velocity is much higher. If we look at the beach in an area with many shells, we can always see the shells on top of the sand, covering the sand. In fact the shells are shielding the sand from erosion, because they are hard to erode. The bigger shells will also shield the smaller pieces, because the smaller pieces settle faster. Compare this with leaves falling from a tree, the bigger leaves, although heavier, will fall slower, because they are exposed to higher drag. The same process will happen in the pipeline. Shells settle slower than sand grains, so they will be on top of the bed (if there is a bed), just like on the beach. Since they are hard to erode, in fact they protect the bed from being eroded, even if the line speed is increased. The combination of high erosion velocity and the shell ‘protecting’ the bed means that even a small amount of shells can lead to relatively thick bed in the pipeline. But there will always be velocities above the bed that will make the shells erode. The paper describes the settling and erosion process of shells and the consequences of this on the critical velocity when pumping a sand/shell mixture through a pipeline. A mathematical model of the processes involved will be presented.
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4

Leontyev, Igor, Igor Leontyev, Tatiana Akivis, and Tatiana Akivis. "AN ARTIFICIAL BEACH AS A MEANS FOR SEA COAST PROTECTION FROM STORM SURGES (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND)." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315f8fc73.

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A model of an artificial beach is suggested for protection of coasts under erosion due to intense storm surges. It is shown that the coarser beach sand results in decrease of the beach width and growth of nourishment volume. At the same time relative material loss due to long-shore sediment transport diminishes too. The model has been applied to three sections of the coasts of Kurortny district of S.-Petersburg (eastern part of the Gulf of Finland). It recommends medium sand for the beaches construction. Modeling of extreme storms effect shows only minor deformations for designed beach profiles. For the beaches more than 1 km long even in 30-50 years more than a half of the initial beach volume conserves without additional nourishment.
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5

Leontyev, Igor, Igor Leontyev, Tatiana Akivis, and Tatiana Akivis. "AN ARTIFICIAL BEACH AS A MEANS FOR SEA COAST PROTECTION FROM STORM SURGES (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND)." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9403144712.89174137.

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Abstract:
A model of an artificial beach is suggested for protection of coasts under erosion due to intense storm surges. It is shown that the coarser beach sand results in decrease of the beach width and growth of nourishment volume. At the same time relative material loss due to long-shore sediment transport diminishes too. The model has been applied to three sections of the coasts of Kurortny district of S.-Petersburg (eastern part of the Gulf of Finland). It recommends medium sand for the beaches construction. Modeling of extreme storms effect shows only minor deformations for designed beach profiles. For the beaches more than 1 km long even in 30-50 years more than a half of the initial beach volume conserves without additional nourishment.
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6

Fomin, Vladimir, Vladimir Fomin, Konstantin Gurov, Konstantin Gurov, Vladimir Udovik, Vladimir Udovik, Sergey Konovalov, and Sergey Konovalov. "DYNAMICS OF THE NEARSHORE ZONE OF KALAMITSKIY GULF (BLACK SEA) UNDER INFLUENCE OF WIND WAVES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315210e16.

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Coastal zone dynamics is especially interesting for interdisciplinary researchers. This is due to general retreat of the coast of the Western Crimea and the fast response in the beach ar-ea. This justifies the need for monitoring of morphodynamic processes in the coastal zone of Crimea with the aim of qualitative and quantitative assessments of modern coastal trans-formation, as well as forecasts of possible changes. XBeach model has been used to simulate dynamics of waves and currents, sediment transport and changes in bottom topography, as well as the processes of drying and flooding of coastal areas. Erosion and sedimentation processes for the bottom sediments of the coastal zone of the Western Crimea have been numerically studied. The bottom profile has been reconstructed on the basis of bathymetric investigations in the coastal zone of the Western Crimea. Numerical simulations have been performed for various parameters of the bed composition and wind waves. Two fractions of bottom sediments have been considered for numerical experiments. The obtained results show that XBeach model can be successfully applied to simulate the bed profile evolution and changes in bottom sediment fractionation.
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7

Fomin, Vladimir, Vladimir Fomin, Konstantin Gurov, Konstantin Gurov, Vladimir Udovik, Vladimir Udovik, Sergey Konovalov, and Sergey Konovalov. "DYNAMICS OF THE NEARSHORE ZONE OF KALAMITSKIY GULF (BLACK SEA) UNDER INFLUENCE OF WIND WAVES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b948b20d587.32401065.

Full text
Abstract:
Coastal zone dynamics is especially interesting for interdisciplinary researchers. This is due to general retreat of the coast of the Western Crimea and the fast response in the beach ar-ea. This justifies the need for monitoring of morphodynamic processes in the coastal zone of Crimea with the aim of qualitative and quantitative assessments of modern coastal trans-formation, as well as forecasts of possible changes. XBeach model has been used to simulate dynamics of waves and currents, sediment transport and changes in bottom topography, as well as the processes of drying and flooding of coastal areas. Erosion and sedimentation processes for the bottom sediments of the coastal zone of the Western Crimea have been numerically studied. The bottom profile has been reconstructed on the basis of bathymetric investigations in the coastal zone of the Western Crimea. Numerical simulations have been performed for various parameters of the bed composition and wind waves. Two fractions of bottom sediments have been considered for numerical experiments. The obtained results show that XBeach model can be successfully applied to simulate the bed profile evolution and changes in bottom sediment fractionation.
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