Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sédimentaire'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sédimentaire.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Vah, Melanie. "Transport sédimentaire induit par un courant : effet du disponible sédimentaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH14/document.
Full textThe amount of sand that can be mobilized on a sedimentary bed or sediment supply, has an important impact on the bed morphodynamics. There are many coastal areas subjected to the limitation of sediment that can play a significant role in the erosion-accretion processes of beaches or can impact human activities.The impact of sediment supply on the morphodynamics of a sedimentary bed subjected to a current is experimentally studied in a current flume. The flow velocity is such that the bottom shear stress is higher than the critical shear stress for sediment threshold. The temporal evolution of ripple wavelength shows a significant dependence with the sediment supply. It is the same with parameters such as the height or the wavelength of the bedforms at equilibrium. A re-analysis of field data from Ferret 2011 is performed and the obtained results for the bedform migration velocity are compared with the experimental results. The influence of the sediment bedload transport and the migration velocity with the sediment supply can be modeled by the addition of a factor depending on the fraction of the bottom covered with movable sediment. The impact of the sediment supply on the sediment threshold is also experimentally studied with different roughness for the immobile bottom. Two methods of detection of the sediment threshold are developed in order to automate the acquisition and process as much as possible. The impact of the bottom roughness and the sediment supply on the sediment threshold for homogeneous, weakly heterogeneous and shellfish sediment is experimentally studied
Labourdette, Richard. "La modélisation sédimentaire 3D : vers l'intégration des hétérogénéités sédimentaires dans les modèles réservoirs." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20199.
Full textThis thesis is presented as a compilation of articles focusing on different sedimentological heterogeneity investigation methods and modelling approaches. It highlights the need for a more efficient and effective integration of sedimentology into reservoir models, thereby optimising reservoir characterisation at different heterogeneity scales. Sedimentological knowledge is continually evolving and depends on advances in outcrop investigation and depositional process comprehension. Despite these technological evolutions, sedimentology is still perceived as too complex, with results which are often difficult to image and transfer into the reservoir characterisation workflow. Proportion cubes are presented as a derivative solution for introducing sedimentological concepts and associated uncertainties, thereby allowing their introduction at reservoir model scale. A selection of the many emergent modelling approaches, using geometrical law-based methods and stratigraphic inversion algorithms are explored. Analysis confirms that these approaches can be considered as complementary rather than in competition. It is therefore necessary to integrate the different models directly within the reservoir characterisation workflows. However, this cannot happen without similar evolution in geostatistical tools. Geostatistical and stochastic modelling have already found their way into several recent scientific endeavours. As stated in this research document, geostatistics provide the potential of a spatial integration of sedimentological heterogeneities into reservoir models. They also allow managing the uncertainties derived from sedimentological models
Vongvixay, Amphone. "Modèle d'évolution sédimentaire d'un segment de rivière." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65565.pdf.
Full textFilizola, Naziano. "Transfert sédimentaire actuel par les fleuves amazoniens." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30162.
Full textQuibeuf, Guillaume. "Etude expérimentale du transport sédimentaire hors équilibre." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24402/1/Quibeuf_Guillaune.pdf.
Full textJorand, Cédric. "Modélisation expérimentale de la fracturation d'un milieu sédimentaire." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153613.
Full textNous avons développé une technique originale d'une telle modélisation, basée sur un nouveau matériau Crack1 à l'échelle physique par rapport à une roche réservoir typique: le calcaire. Un programme étendu d'expérimentation avec les modèles de Crack1 a été réalisé avec un dispositif de chargement poly-tridimensionnel. Ce dispositif combine à la fois la simplicité et l'efficacité des solutions réalisées pour la réduction et l'élimination complète de la friction aux bords des modèles. Les résultats principaux peuvent être résumés de la façon suivante:
1.Des réseaux de diaclases ont été reproduits pour la première fois dans des conditions de chargement homogènes.
2.Les diaclases se forment, dans nos expériences, sous une compression triaxiale. Elles ne sont donc pas des fractures en Mode I.
3.Les figures fractographiques visibles sur les surfaces des diaclases naturelles et celles obtenues dans les modèles sont très similaires, ce qui suggère que la similarité physique est assurée pas seulement à macro-échelle, mais aussi à micro-échelle.
4.L'espacement S entre les diaclases ne dépend pas de l'épaisseur du modèle , contrairement au concept de « saturation » largement adopté dans la littérature et les modèles de réservoirs. Il a été démontré que S est contrôlé par l'état des contraintes imposé et la déformation accumulée du modèle.
5.Nous avons pu également reproduire dans des modèles les couloirs fracturés dont la formation est contrôlée par la rigidité des contacts aux limites de l'unité mécanique affectée par la fracturation.
6.L'augmentation de la pression moyenne appliquée au modèle résulte en un changement du style de la fracturation, qui évolue de manière continue des diaclases vers des fractures «obliques » conjuguées.
7.L'analyse des conditions de cette transition à partir de la théorie de la bifurcation de la déformation montre qu'elle est associée à la réduction du facteur de dilatance β de Crack1 avec l'augmentation de la pression p (ce type de dépendance β (p) est également connu pour les roches réelles).
Les résultats obtenus confirment donc que les lois constitutives contrôlent directement la fracturation. Des études expérimentales plus larges doivent désormais être menées pour contraindre ces lois dans toute leur complexité et avec une précision nécessaire.
Huynh, Cong Hoai. "Modélisation du transport sédimentaire : application au littoral vietnamien." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT014H.
Full textHuang, Zen-Hong. "Adhésion faible et dynamique sédimentaire de vésicules géantes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22004.
Full textMurat, Anne. "Enregistrement sédimentaire des paléoenvironnements quaternaires en Méditerranée orientale." Perpignan, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PERP0138.
Full textFossi, Fotsi Yannick. "Dynamique morpho-sédimentaire de l’estuaire du Wouri, Cameroun." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS012.
Full textThe Wouri estuary, located in the heart of the Gulf of Guinea and open to the Atlantic Ocean, is subject to a wide range of atmospheric, oceanic, continental and anthropic influences at different time scales (short and long term) controlling its evolution. The first part of this thesis, based on archives dating back to the 20th century, allows us to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the Wouri estuary coastline. At the same time, in order to determine the evolution trends of the water levels, to quantify and qualify the kinematics of the coastline and the bottoms in the estuary, an inventory, digitization and analysis of historical documents was carried out. This allowed to record an evolution of the average level at a rate of about 25mm/year in 17 years (2002 - 2019). The results revealed a predominance of variations dominated by erosion downstream and conversely by accretion upstream, over the 64-year period (1948-2012). These trends are accentuated by the presence of amplifying factors (anthropogenic pressure and climate change). In order to study the hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes in the short term, a numerical modeling of the tidal propagation and the distribution of salinities and fine sediments was performed using TELEMAC 3D (calibrated and validated thanks to in-situ measurements acquired during 2019). The tide showed an asymmetry dominated by the ebb in its lower part and inversely by the flood in its upper part. The distribution of salinity allowed to characterize the estuary from well mixed in spring tide, particularly in low water to stratified in neap tide, particularly in flood period. Seasonal variations of the river regime have shown a longitudinal migration of the position of the maximum turbidity zone : upstream during low water and downstream during high water with a massive export of sediments in the intermediate and downstream part of the estuary. In a current context of climate change associated with strong anthropogenic impacts, this study highlights the need to use historical archives, in-situ data coupled with a numerical model to better understand the past and present evolution of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics
Jallet, Laurent. "La ride sédimentaire pyrénéo-languedocienne : étude multi-échelle d'une accumulation sédimentaire marine profonde dans le Golfe du Lion (méditerranée nord-occidentale)." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0485.
Full textUnder effect of tectonical, eustatic and morphological factors, marine sediments mainly confined on the continental shelves, move to the slope and to the abyssal plain where they feed sedimentary bodies more or less extended. In the Gulf of Lions (north-western part of the Mediterranean), the Pyreneo-Languedocian Sedimentary Ridge, located at the foot of the Catalano-Languedocian slope is an enlarged sedimentary levee. It forms the southern levee of the Creus Cape valley and the western one of the Sète valley. This sedimentary ridge is characterised by dune-like structures which have mainly a hydro-sedimentary origin (sediment waves). Seismical, morphological and sedimentological studies conducted on the Ridge form a multi-scale study that allowed us to appreciate its original causes, the factors responsible for its construction during the Plioquaternary (salt tectonics, gravity flows, plastic deformation mechanisms) involving a new regional light
Ung, Philippe. "Simulation numérique du transport sédimentaire : aspects déterministes et stochastiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2019/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested on the study of a sediment transport model through two different approaches. One of them concerns the numerical modelling of the problem and proposes a numerical problem-solving method based on an approximate Riemann solver for the Saint-Venant-Exner system which is one of the most common model to deal with sedimentary bed-load transport. This last one is based on a coupling between the hydraulic model of Saint-Venant and the morphodynamic model of Exner. The key point of the proposed method is the treatment of the coupling issue. Indeed, there exists two strategies; the first one consists on decoupling the resolution of the fluid part from the solid part and making them interact at fixed times whereas the second one considers a coupled approach to solve the system by jointly updating the hydraulic and solid quantities at same times. We then raise the issue of the choice of the strategy for which we suggest answers by comparing both approaches. The other one focuses on the development of a methodology to study the uncertainties related to the model previously mentioned. To this end, we propose a stochastic formulation of the Saint-Venant-Exner system and we look for characterizing the variabilities of the outputs in relation to the naturally random input parameters. This first study reveals the need for a return to the Saint-Venant system with a perturbed bed to understand the sensitivity of the hydraulic quantities on the topographical perturbations
Le, Coz Jérôme. "Fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire des bras morts de rivière alluviale." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jlcoz.pdf.
Full textThis PhD work is focused on ordinary hydro-sedimentary processes in channels abandoned by alluvial rivers. Generally indeed, the permanence of ecological restoring operations depends on the hydrosedimentary impact of frequent and intermediate floods. The complex spatial structure and temporal dynamics of flows in the abandoned channel outlet during downstream connections were investigated through a field case (Port-Galland, Ain river) and a physical model (Morava river, Slovakia). For each case innovating experimental methods were used and the analysis was supported by bidimensional hydrodynamical modelling (Rubar20TS code). Several contrasted abandoned channels have been monitored and their hydro-sedimentary behaviour during floods was studied experimentally and numerically : fine sediment settling in the Table-Ronde former channel (Rhône river) ; upstream/downstream connection of the narrow Ricotti channel and of the Le Planet former meander, both part of the Blyes experimental site (Ain river). Through 1D and 2D numerical simulations, sediment routing and exchange were analyzed according to hydro-sedimentary forcing (flood sequence) and to the configuration of abandoned channels
Nury, Denise. "L'Oligocène de Provence méridionale : stratigraphie, dynamique sédimentaire, reconstitutions paléographiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11124.
Full textDurand, Françoise. "Hydrodynamique sédimentaire sur le plateau insulaire de la Martinique." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10720.
Full textCamenen, Benoît. "Modélisation numérique du transport sédimentaire sur une plage sableuse." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10043.
Full textGuignier, Lucie. "Analyse physique du transport sédimentaire et morphodynamique des dunes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S095/document.
Full textAbove a threshold, a flow (of liquid or air) over a granular bed leads to grain transport that can induce dune formation. In the first part of this thesis, we study the morphodynamics of eolian dunes. With a simplified sediment transport model, the description of the dynamics of a dune formed on an non-erodible bed under unidirectional flow is reduced to a system of first order coupled differential equations. With this model, we identify the mechanisms that influence the linear stability of a rectilinear transverse dune. When lateral sediment diffusion on the upwind side of the dune prevails over the downwind side diffusion, our model predicts transverse dune stability. When the transverse dune is unstable, it breaks into crescent-shaped dunes called barchan dunes. With morphological characteristics of aeolian dunes taken from field data, macroscopic parameters influencing the dune stability are calculated. In the second part, we analyze the effect of aquatic bedforms on the mode of sediment transport (bedload or suspension). With flume experiments we follow the destabilization of a flat sediment bed under a unidirectionnal flow. Recorded bed morphology and differentiated trapping of sediment allow us to distinguish between bedload and suspension and to show that the dune formation and growth come along with an increase of sediment transport
Grasso, Florent. "Modélisation physique de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire des plages." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10181.
Full textAThis study investigates the morphological changes of cross-shore beach profiles for irregular waves. It is based on physical modeling carried out in the LEGI flume (36 m). The originality lies in the use of lightweight sediment in order to fulfill scaling laws and obtain experimental beach profiles in similitude with the ones observed in nature. The concept of equilibrium beach profile for a given wave climate is verified and the Wright and Short (1984)'s classification is refined for intermediate Dean numbers (1 <= Ω <= 5). We find that wave characteristics are similar for similar beach profiles, that is, with the same Dean number. Sedimentary bar formation and migration are studied for steady wave climates and storm events. Evolutions of shoreface nourishments under storm events are also simulated. The analysis focuses on the morphological, hydrodynamic, and sedimentological beach responses. The sediment transport associated to morphological beach changes is evaluated and discussed in regard to the wave and sediment characteristics. The wave non-linearity effects on the direction and intensity of sediment fluxes is highlighted
Grasso, Florent. "Modélisation physique de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire des plages." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432041.
Full textTaccone, Florent. "Modélisation numérique du transfert sédimentaire en bassin versant montagneux fortement érodable." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1040/document.
Full textIn some small mountain catchments, extreme rainfall events can lead to strong sediment exports. This large volume of sediment can have an impact on the management of hydraulic structures downstream these basins. Today, to represent erosion processes on a watershed scale, distributed conceptual models are mainly used (CASC2D, SHETRAN, DWSM). These models are based on global erosion formulas and are validated for coarse mesh sizes (> 30 m). On the other hand, there are models capable of finely representing gravity erosion processes, by multiphase flows, mainly used on small-scale cases. This thesis work proposes the development of a physics-based model capable of representing both hydraulic transfers and watershed hydrology, gravity-driven erosion processes and sediment erosion/deposition in the hydraulic network. This will quantify sediment export at the outlet of a basin for extreme events, identify areas of high sediment production and sediment storage dynamics in the hydraulic network to facilitate watershed management. The first step is to evaluate the resolution of the Saint-Venant equations for run off with low water depths on steep slopes. To diagnose the different numerical schemes that can be found in the literature, a test case, with an analytical solution of the Saint-Venant equations, representing a straight channel on which a constant rain falls is used. This test case includes a dry zone upstream and allows the evaluation of the key properties that a scheme must include to represent runoff over a watershed, such as positive water depths, the transition between dry and wet zones, the balance of the lake at rest and the non-limitation of the slope. The Chen and Noelle (2017) scheme is finally chosen.Then, with the addition of a Green-Ampt infiltration law (1911), the model will be evaluated in its ability to represent output hydrographs, but especially local flow velocities over real watersheds. For this, we evaluate the part of error coming from the numerical resolution and the physical modeling of the friction of the water on the bottom through four experimental cases from the laboratory scale to a basin of 1 km².A gravity erosion model, based on Takahashi's (2009) detachment and deposition criteria, is coupled to the global hydraulic model by a bottom evolution equation. The evolution of the sediment stock in the hydraulic network is modeled using an advection equation representing suspended sediments in the flow. The classic laws of Krone and Parthenades erosion and deposition are used for the recovery sediment deposition in the network.The erosion model is then validated on the Laval watershed (86 ha), instrumented and monitored by the ORE Draix-Bléone, on several very erosive events. Finally, the model is applied to two basins that are not instrumented but are of interest to EDF, for an ovoid dimensioning study in the Durance valley. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator
Leduc, Pauline. "Etude expérimentale de la dynamique sédimentaire des rivières en tresses." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU039/document.
Full textComplex mechanisms involved in braided rivers morphology and the interaction with the grain sorting are slightly studied. Throughout this thesis, we study the morphological signature of a system at equilibrium, and the interaction between the bed morphology and grain sorting. From our small-scale experiments, we studied the prediction of sediment transport. We studied three different small-scale streams, a alternate bars model with heterogeneous sediment (duration 100h), a braided stream model using uniform sand (duration 385h) and a braided stream model using sand and coarse sand mixture (duration 435h). Upstream conditions have been changed several times for each braided stream. It appears that the only one relevant index to compare sediments stages of different streams is the surface above the average slope. To study a single site's evolution, the traditional parameters such as slope or Bed Relief Index (BRI) are relevant enough. We observed different effects of grain sorting. First, grain sorting is responsible of selective depositions and led to active channel migration. The selective deposition leads to bar emergence. Sedimentary lobes that we observed on uniform sand model were rarely noticed on the sand and coarse sand mixture experiment. This results suggests that sediments motion is tiny linked to grain size range. Modeling of sediment transport in such varied morphology faces different problems. Plenty of confluences and fronts bars changes sediment transport and local conditions connections. The influence of morphology is predominant in the dynamic of sediment transport
Chaibi, Mohamed. "Dynamique sédimentaire et morphogénèse actuelle du littoral d'El Jadida (Maroc)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10015.
Full textMoyen, Rémi. "Paramétrisation 3D de l'espace en géologie sédimentaire : le modèle GeoChron." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_MOYEN_R.pdf.
Full textReservoir modelling requires building a volumic mesh usually adapted to faults and horizons of the domain, on which petrophysical property models are computed. The common practice consists in using stratigraphic curvilinear grids formed of hexahedral cells whose indexes (i, j, k) constitute a sampling of a " 3D parametric function (u, v,t) where (u, v) correspond to the "paleo-geographic" coordinates tangent to the horizons and (t), viewed as an analog to the geological age of the terrains, is approximately orthogonal to the horizons. These grids are suited to the property-modelling geostatistical algorithms but their topological regularity induces errors or approximations in complex fault networks or folded environments. The GeoChron model corrects these drawbacks by clearly segragating the geometry of the domain of study (modelled by an unstructured tetrahedralised mesh), the link between this geometry and the geometry of the layers at the time or deposition (thanks to a 3D parametric function (u,v,t)) and the property model (computed in a regular fine-scaled grid). After exposing the mathematical framework of this model which emphasises the similarity with time stratigraphic (or Wheeler) diagrams used in sedimentology, we show two practical ways of building such a parameterisation and their implementation in the GOCAD geomodelling software. Then we show how the (t) component of the parametric function can be used to automatically compute a geometric estimate of the throw vector in any point of a fault surface. Finally, we present Borne applications concerning petrophysical property modelling, deformation estimation or seismic data integration
Pierard, Christophe. "Détermination des composés polychlorobiphényles dans l'environnement sédimentaire marin et estuarien." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10646.
Full textFarnole, Pierre. "Morphogenèse et dynamique sédimentaire sur la côte Ouest du Cotentin." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112053.
Full textThe research area is located in tidal zone on western coast of Cotentin. A first approach of the morphological process was done by a followed up of spits variations of “Pointe d’Agon” and the “Pointe du banc” by aerial-photos. The results indicated a cyclical evolution of accretion and erosion process during 40 years at Agon spit then Banc spit which progressed gradually to 500m. An unusual evolution of Agon Point was observed: transversal migration of the bar on the tidal flat by waves which formed a tombolo. The evolution of this tombolo transformed it into a small spit which progressed towards the migrant bar. The two elements will then melt to form a new spit in front of the previous spit. Granulometric index (mean, standard deviation, N index evolution) permitted to explain the different deposit conditions. North-South shore evolution of granulometric facies indicates that small energetical deposits are located on the South and high energetical deposits are located on the North of Carteret. The limit is located on both sides of the delta area of Carteret estuary. Carteret is an excellent site to study solid transport, that is why this site was selected to measure sand movement using the radioactive and fluorescent tracers. The tidal range on the Carteret coast can go up to 12m together with a strong and unidirectional tidal current (1m/s : NW). This current goes in the opposite direction to the longshore drift. The main effect of the waves on solid discharge in winter was measured by two methods: depth curves variations, sand movements by radioactive tracer. The dynamic topographical landmarking carried out using detection tracers is three dimensional and this enabled us to follow up and establish a precise morphological map. The sans movements are followed by radioactive tracers on the tidal zone according to technics used by the S. A. R. Both dynamic methods gave us the same directional transport measured by the movement of sedimentary features and by the sand movement during storm periodes. The estimated annual solid transport of 125000 m3 was computed using the morphogenesis methods after an one experiment. The exceptional hydrodynamical condition during the storm of November covered the radioelement by inactive sand up to a height of 1,25m erosion process counter acted the deposition cycle and the tracers reappeared after 6 months
Rat, Juliette. "Evolution du contenu sédimentaire détritique au cours d'un cycle orogénique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30030.
Full textSurface processes changes resulting from tectonics and climate interactions are potentially preserved by the sedimentary record. Here we focus on the North Iberian plate, which records each phases of the alpin cycle. In order to study the detrital content evolution from rifting to mountain formation we use a combination of low temperature thermochronometers. First, results allow us to constrain the tectono-thermal and detrital histories of the Cameros inverted mesozoic rift basin over 100 Ma. Then, new thermochronological, petrological and geochronological data lead us to extend this observation at the Ebro basin regional scale and to explore the detrital thermochronology potential bias on the source signal. Finally, these results are integrated into a reconstruction proposal of the Iberian paleogeography, from the Oxfordian to the late Miocene
Vennin, Emmanuelle. "Architecture sédimentaire des bioconstructions permo-carbonifères de l'Oural méridional (Russie)." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10223.
Full textSilva, Paulo Manuel da Cruz Alves da. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique sédimentaire en zone côtière." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10193.
Full textGhaïtanellis, Alex. "Modélisation du charriage sédimentaire par une approche granulaire avec SPH." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1087/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the development and application of a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model to bed-load transport. While state of the art simulation methods commonly rely on a fluid dynamics solver coupled to semi-empirical relationships to model the sediment transport, a completely different approach is investigated in this work. The sediment is treated as a continuum whose behaviour law takes account for its granular nature. citepos{ulrich2013smoothed} elastic-viscoplastic model is thus implemented in an in-house code based on the Cuda language, and improved on physical and numerical aspects. The sediment behaviour depends on a yield stress determined according to Drucker-Prager's criterion. In unyielded regions, the shear stresses are calculated in line with the linear elastic theory. In yielded regions, a shear thinning rheological law is used and the transitions between solid and liquid states are ensured by a blending function driven by the strain rate magnitude and sediment granular properties. Water and sediment are modelled as two immiscible phases in the frame of a multi-phase SPH model with semi-analytical wall boundary conditions cite{ferrand2013unified}. An implicit viscous forces integration scheme is also developed to improve the code performance as for low-Reynolds flows.The multi-phase model, as well as the implicit viscous forces integration scheme, were validated on analytical test cases and good agreement was obtained. The multi-phase formulation has also proven its capability to handle flows involving high density ratio, while the implicit viscous forces integration scheme was successfully applied to the simulation of a non-Newtonian flow. The elastic-viscoplastic model was tested on dry and submerged granular flow problems. The model was able to correctly capture the liquid and solid states of the granular material, as well as the failure and the regime transitions. It was also applied to bed-load transport problems for which a good agreement with the experiment was generally found
Dawelbeit, Mohammedahmed Eltahir Ahmed. "Evolution sédimentaire et climatique du Kordofan (Soudan) au quaternaire supérieur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU022/document.
Full textThis study is conducted in the Kordofan region, central-southern Sudan. The study area is bounded by longitudes 28° 00' and 31° 00' E, and latitudes 11° 30' and 15°00' N and covers an area of about 125835 km2. The Kordofan region is located at the southern end of the present-day Sahara. Late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in Kordofan, recorded sedimentary discontinuities that probably reflect climatic fluctuations during the latest Quaternary. 14C dating and some archeological findings have been used to date the latest Pleistocene-Holocene succession. In the investigated sections, four stratigraphic units have been recognized, which exhibit eight sedimentological facies.The first unit is older that ≈ 10 ky BP and is formed of mottled sandstone or siltstone facies of aeolian origin. The second unit (≈ 10 to 6 ky BP) comprises palustrine and lacustrine facies in the central and northern parts, and fluviatile facies in the South. The third unit ranges from ≈ 6 to 3 ky BP and is restricted to the southern part; it is made of aoelian deposits intercalated with fluviatile or flood plain facies. The fourth unit is younger than 1000 y BP, and is dominated by aeolian red sandstone in the North, and by flood plain facies to the South. Between ≈ 6 and 1 ky BP in the North and between ≈ 3 and 1 ky BP in the South, no deposits are recorded. This hiatus is marked by deflation surfaces in the North, and is interpreted as a period of strong aeolian activity, which prevented deposition, or even eroded part of the sediments deposited between 6 and 3 ky BP.Several proxies (sedimentology, gastropod sub-fossil shells, pollens, stable isotopes, major element chemistry, clay mineralogy and paleohydrology) have been used to reconstruct the climatic evolution of the region for the past 13 ky, which can be correlated to the well-known evolution of Eastern Sahara during this time-span. Our results indicate that the region has been subjected to arid climate prior to 10 ky BP as evidenced by thick aeolian deposits. Between 10 and 6 ky BP, the region experienced a wet climate as evidenced by the development of pedogenetic calcareous nodules, local deposition of palustrine and lacustrine limestone, abundance of aquatic and semi-aquatic gastropods, high lake levels, and depleted δ18O values from gastropod shells and calcareous nodules. After ≈ 6 ky BP, climate evolved to dry conditions in the northern part of the region as indicated by an strong aeolian activity recorded by erosion features, sedimentary hiatus and deflation surfaces, while its southern part remained more humid, as shown by channel and flood plain deposits, and tropical and aquatic pollen taxa. From 1000 yr BP to Present, and probably after 3 ka BP, the region became arid as evidenced by aeolian deposits, the predominance of arid indicator pollens and the enrichment in 18O of land snail shells
Salloum, Mohamad Ali. "Analyse et modélisation stratigraphique du bassin sédimentaire onshore du Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2022_0098_SALLOUM.pdf.
Full textIn the last decade, important oil discoveries have been reported offshore Lebanon in the eastern Mediterranean waters. Numerous offshore geological studies (Levant Basin) with seismic acquisitions (2D and 3D) have revealed hydrocarbon reservoirs of Miocene age and suggest promising exploration prospects. In addition, petroleum system modeling has been carried out on the scale of the entire region and shows that the Triassic-Jurassic formations are potential source rocks that have reached thermal maturity due to strong tectonic control at certain periods. While these formations have been extensively studied in the Middle East (Syria, Jordan, ...) and have allowed highlighting their petroleum potential, the Lebanese onshore area has been little studied. The complete stratigraphic approach and the analysis of the Lebanese onshore sedimentary basin are still lacking in some aspects, not allowing to define perfectly the role of tectonics on the geometry, the nature, and the timing of sedimentary and diagenetic events.The objective of this thesis is to characterize the geometry of the sedimentary deposits of the onshore basin and to explain the tectonic control on its' stratigraphic record. A set of geological data from the literature on the region (depth settings, stratigraphy, etc.) is synthesized in a 3D geological modeler (SKUA-GoCad®). From these geo-modeled data, an interpretative approach allows to visualize: i) the sedimentary deposits of the Lebanese basin; ii) the major tectonic structures controlling this basin; iii) the major erosion surfaces and iv) the potential oil traps as elements of petroleum systems. This approach allows then to generate tectonic subsidence curves of the sedimentary basin in the Lebanese onshore and part of the offshore (using PetroMod®) and to interpret them. The results describe the relationships between sedimentation and tectonic evolution at the regional scale of Lebanon, define the major faults that controlled the sedimentary record, identify some key phases during the geodynamic evolution and thus trace the tectonic history of the country.From a regional to a more local scale, this thesis focuses on a fault set having a controlling role on the sedimentary record, by studying one of them in the Nahr Ibrahim area. This work focuses on the early Mesozoic (Jurassic) period present in the Lebanese territory and a little-studied structural system that affects it: the NE-SW Mesozoic normal fault system reactivated during the structuring of the Levantine Fault System. In order to characterize the tectonic control of these faults on sedimentation (geometry and diagenesis), a field study was carried out in the Nahr Ibrahim region, with a sedimentary, geochemical and diagenetic approach. Thus, three stratigraphic sections in the Kesrouane Formation (Jurassic) are presented. A study of the facies and of the diagenesis allows to identify the variations of environments, then the main diagenetic phases that this Jurassic formation underwent. Using a chemo-stratigraphic approach (strontium isotopes in particular), a calibration by absolute ages is proposed which allows the correlation of the stratigraphic sections and highlights a vertical rejection of the regional Nahr Ibrahim fault of about 800 m. The results highlight the important role of these faults in the control of Jurassic sedimentation, the geometric structuring of the Mesozoic formations, and their potential role in diagenesis. Also, this local approach has allowed us to revisit and improve the regional 3D model by considering the major role of these reactivated NE-SW faults (800m fault vertical offset) affecting the stratigraphy
Demollien, Valérie. "Préservation des enregistrements géochimiques dans les séries alternantes marno-calcaires de Sopelana et Zumaya ( Pays basque espagnol)." Paris, ENMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP1059.
Full textBernard, Guillaume. "Mesures expérimentales et modélisation du remaniement sédimentaire dans le bassin d'Arcachon." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874553.
Full textBrossier, Benoit. "Dynamique sédimentaire riveraine des lacs boréaux de petite taille, Radisson, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24217/24217.pdf.
Full textRaus, David. "Transport sédimentaire sur rugosités immobiles : de l'hydrodynamique locale à la morphodynamique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23587/1/Raus_David.pdf.
Full textBernard, Guillaume. "Mesures expérimentales et modélisation du remaniement sédimentaire dans le bassin d’Arcachon." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14821/document.
Full textSediment particle mixing, defined as the movements of sediment particles induced by benthic fauna, is one of the two components of bioturbation by benthic organisms. It is a key process of the ecological functioning in coastal areas. This manuscript presents an integrated study of sediment particle mixing process from the single sediment particle to the whole benthic community.The development of a new experimental approach, coupling high frequency acquisition of time series images of luminophores motions along thin aquaria glass walls, allowed for the direct measurement of elementary particle motions induced by the bivalve Abra alba. This constitutes the first experimental assessment of sediment particle mixing “fingerprints” in a marine invertebrate, according to the CTRW (Continuous Time Random Walk) model formulation.The deployment of this new approach also allowed for the determination of the control of water temperature and of fresh organic matter availability on sediment particle mixing induced by Abra alba. Moreover, the temporal (i.e., during 48h experiments) and spatial (i.e., over the whole section of the sediment column affected) dynamics of these effects were considered.At last, sediment particle mixing intensities induced by the whole benthic community were assessed in-situ in Arcachon Bay, within both a Zostera noltii meadow and a bare sediment mudflat where phanerogams were previously present. These results highlighted the restrictive effect of phanerogams themselves and of a restricted number of key benthic species, on sediment particle mixing
Rapin, Anne. "Mobilité du phosphore sédimentaire en contexte de retenues de barrage hydroélectrique." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0097.
Full textInternal sedimentary phosphorus (P) load cause delay time in eutrophication recovery, especially in dam-reservoir systems where P stock are important. Then, the study of sedimentary P mobility in dam-reservoirs allow to better explain P geochemistry in this context and further to adapt management restauration policies. This study highlights the impact of three cascade dams (Age Complex, Creuse, France) on the distribution of sedimentary P along a fluvial continuum. In the impoundments studied, TP levels averaged 1.59 ± 0.51 mgP /g DW and increased towards dams. This contrast with the low and constant concentrations observed in the fluvial parts. In reservoirs, chemical fractionation showed that more than 50% of the extracted P was associated with the ascorbate fraction. The association of P to amorphous Fe oxi-hydroxides in the fine particles accumulated closed to the dam is the major factor explaining the longitudinal variations of the TP contents. In addition, the high levels of P associated with these redox-sensitive phases and the development of a hypoxic hypolimnion in studied reservoirs reveal the high potential for sediment P mobilization. Moreover, in aerobic conditions, a risk of mobilization resulting from an equilibrium concentration between solute and solid fraction exists. The determination of the EPC0 threshold value underlined the spatial evolution of the sink / source role of the sediment with respect to the P, between the reservoirs of the same complex. Finally, the study of sedimentary P mobility in the laboratory, following two successive aerobic and anaerobic cycles, showed that redox potential oscillation observed in the reservoirs, favors the mobilization of the sedimentary P. The geochemistry of iron and the quality of dissolved organic matter appear to be involved in the mobility of P
Seyed, Seraji Mir Hassan. "Etude du transport sédimentaire associé au phénomène de chasse d'un barrage." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2067.
Full textDespeyroux, Yves. "Hydrodynamique sédimentaire dans la baie de Canche : aspects fondamentaux et appliqués." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10048.
Full textBrossier, Benoît. "Dynamique sédimentaire riveraine des lacs boréaux de petite taille, Radisson, Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18823.
Full textMichalet, Anne. "Le phosphate dans le compartiment sédimentaire fluvial : influence d'une station d'épuration." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-135.pdf.
Full textGarrigues, Philippe. "Origine et évolution de séries de composés aromatiques dans l'environnement sédimentaire." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10632.
Full textNavon, Maxime. "Hétérogénéité sédimentaire et micro-habitats benthiques : approches in situ et expérimentale." Caen, 2016. https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01922479.
Full textThe eastern Bay of Seine is characterized by complex sediment structures with high spatial and vertical heterogeneities. Its variability involves complexes animal-sediment relationships still unclear. A new approach based on the individual scale combines in situ sampling with experiments. The macrofauna vertical distribution and quantification of biogenics structures have shown the main concentration of the fauna in the first 10 cm depth, such as 98 % of the total abundance. Two abundance pics have been observed, the first close to the surface between 0 and 2 cm depth and the other one between 5 to 7 cm depth, mainly due to two species, Kurtiella bidentata and Chaetozone spp. , which represent almost 80 % of the abundance from 5 to 7cm. Their presence within this depth is still unknown. Experiments have shown the great sediment reworking skill of the worm Lagis koreni and its ability to destroy the sediment structure, which can be linked to the in situ samples. This preliminary work has shown the interest of the technics used and makes us going further
Lupker, Maarten. "Dynamique sédimentaire, érosion physique et altération chimique dans le système himalayen." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL038N/document.
Full textChemical weathering of the earth crust supplies the essential elements for numerous biogeochemical cycles. Physical erosion of large orogens, such as the Himalayan range, is accompanied by significant weathering fluxes possibly affecting the global environment. The objective of this PhD is to understand how surface processes affect river sediment properties in order to asses current erosion and weathering rates but also to decipher their past variations. To answer this question we studied the transport dynamics, the physical and the geochemical characteristics of the sediments in the Ganga basin. This study suggests that about 10 % of the flux eroded in the Himalayas is currently stored in the Ganga floodplain. Cosmogenic isotopes (10Be) measured in river sediments show stable erosion rates between 1.3 and 1.4 mm/yr for the entire Himalayan range drained by the Ganga. Furthermore, we show that River sediments are progressively depleted in the most mobile elements, as weathering proceeds during transfer in the floodplain. By comparing this flux to the weathering flux of the Himalayan range, we show that floodplain weathering is predominant in weathering Himalayan sediments. Cation exchange occurring when Ganga and Brahmaputra (G&B) sediments enter the marine environment are limited and enhances the long term carbon storage, linked to silicate weathering by only ca. 20 %. Finally, the Bay of Bengal sedimentary record, which documents the last 20 000 years of Himalayan erosion shows that the sediments exported during the last glacial maximum (LGM) were significantly less weathered compared to the sediments currently exported. The Himalayan system is thus not buffered towards the high frequency climate forcing changes of the Quaternary and modern weathering rates cannot easily be extrapolated over the past
Cariou, Elsa. "La plateforme jurassienne au passage Oxfordien - Kimméridgien : dynamique sédimentaire et paléoenvironnements." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10099/document.
Full textThe Upper Jurassic Jura platform separated the Paris basin and the delphino-helvetic basin. The scarcity of biostratigraphic fossils of the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian platform deposits prevent from establishing accurate dating. The common organization and hieacrchy of depositional sequences observed in French and Swiss Jura and in Lorraine allow to establish high-resolution regional correlations, and show the involvement of eccentricity and precession cycles in the formation of sequences. Correlations allow revising the French Jura bio-lithostratigraphic framework and highlight the evolutions of platform geometry and palaeoenvironments. Isotopic analysis based on oyster and Trichites specimens, sampled in several beds from the Upper Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian, in Jura and Normandie, show a similar climatic evolution, all around the Paris basin. This evolution seems closely linked to the Jura platform sedimentary dynamics. The study of the Upper Oxfordian reef entities shows that their compositions and morphologies depend on their position along the platform and the evolution of relative sea level. In the end of the Bimammatum zone, the record of dinosaur trackways, in the platform deposits, expresses an emersion phase. Its position in the sequential framework shows that the track record was abled by an exceptional palaeogeographic, palaeoenvironmental and sequential context that favored on the one hand the development, induration and covering of microbial laminites and on the other hand the migration of dinosaurs across the platform
Ramsamy, Priscilla. "Modélisation de la morphodynamique sédimentaire par une méthode distribuant le résidu." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0206/document.
Full textThe present work, proposes a high order Residual Distribution (RD) numericalscheme to solve the non conservative hyperbolic problem, coupling Shallow Water and Grass equations. It uses Total Value Diminishing Runge Kutta and stabilisation Upwind methods, with or without limiters. It also has some good properties.A part of the work realised in this thesis, is about the conception and the developpement of a 2D-space Python program, under the form of a software,using a set of moduls created for the occasion. the code developpement, whichis said to approach the _uid-sediment model, coupling Shallow-Water and sedimentequations, has been made with an Object orientation and in orderto be e_cient on parallel architecture (using multithreads OpenMP parallelism). One of the features of the scheme in this case, is due to its application on quadrangles.A 1D-space program, also writen as a software, has been estabished. In order to be portable and e_cient, It has been developped multilinguals (Python- Fortran : by numpy.ctypes for Python and by standart interface FORTRAN for C). The RD scheme with or without Flux Limiters, has been implemented like predictor-corrector one. Comparisons with other schemes results have been realised, in order to show its e_ciency, moreover its high order accuracy has been focus on, and the C-proprerty has been tested. The tests show that MUSCL MinMod _ux limiters, is the most adaptated for a dune test case, between all tested.In the scalar case, numerical tests have been realised, for validating the secondorder of accuracy
Pezerat, Marc. "Étude de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire de la zone pré-littorale." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS010.
Full textThis work deals with the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the shoreface by combining the exploitation of in situ measurements acquired under moderately energetic to paroxysmal conditions with numerical simulations of a 3D morphodynamic modelling system, where short waves and mean currents are coupled based on a vortex force formalism. We first highlight an underestimation of the significant wave height modelled in paroxysmal conditions, associated with an overestimated contribution of the depth-induced breaking dissipation term. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new parameterization of the breaking coefficient that controls the saturation of breaking waves in these models. We then present a study of the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the upper shoreface. We examine the spatial distribution and driving mechanisms of the wave-induced cross-shore current based on the relative contribution of the different dissipation processes. The analysis of the dynamics of suspended sediment transport reveals that it is mainly operated by the mean current, which explains its net seaward direction associated with the wave-driven return current. Finally, we present a last study on the hydro-sedimentary dynamics and the seasonal to annual morphological evolutions of the lower shoreface nearby a sandy granulate extraction area. In particular, we highlight the filling dynamics of the extraction pits, which occur mainly under high-wave energy incident conditions
Chapalain, Georges. "Étude hydrodynamique et sédimentaire des environnements littoraux dominés par la houle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10121.
Full textOssa, Ossa Frantz-Gérard. "Etude multi-approches du bassin sédimentaire paléoprotérozoïque (2. 1-2. 4 Ga) de Franceville au Gabon : les environnements sédimentaires et l'impact des paléocirculations de fluides." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2341.
Full textFrancevillien Basin, located in south-eastern Gabon, consists of a column of five lithostratigraphic formations, starting from FA to FE. He is known around the world through these natural fission reactors (Oklo and Bangombé) and to its rich mineral resources in the FA and FB (Uranium and Manganese). The classically described successive lithofacies in FA reflect the evolution of fluvial environment to a tide-influenced delta environment. Marine environment, ranging from shoreface to upper offshore, characterizes the FB. New geochemical data show, oxygenation of the water column up to the upper offshore, large amounts of dissolved organic matter in Proterozoic seawater. These chemical conditions in the depositional environments are closely linked with the state of oxygenation of the atmosphere, will have major consequences in the history of this basin: the emergence of biomass, large colonial organisms; diversification of phyllosilicates (chemical weathering). The mineralogy of the clay fraction (< 2μm) in the FA formation shows a dominant illitic phase whose crystallinity increases towards the base of the series. It is characterized by the appearance of minerals interlayered illite/smectite regular (type R1) at the FA / FB transition, and irregular (type R0) at the top of the series. This trend highlights the different parageneses in the FA and FB formations, despite a low thickness variation and a general rate relatively low landfill. These parageneses indicate a higher intensity of diagenesis in the coarse facies with low organic matter (typical training FA) than for fine facies rich in organic matter (formation characteristic FB). All the results can be interpreted in terms of changes in a same diagenetic process controlled by the facies and the nature of pore fluids. This reinforces the hypothesis of a relatively low geothermal gradient compared to what has been commonly described in other basins of similar age. The presence of monazite overgrowths, late iron-rich chlorites associated with berthierine was used to estimate the temperatures of crystallization around 300° C in the upper FA. These results confirm the late circulation of hot fluids
Auzerais, Anthony. "Impact d'un cylindre vertical sur la dynamique sédimentaire sous l'action d'un courant." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH02/document.
Full textThis work concerns the study of sediment patterns formation downstream a vertical cylinder under a steady current. The cylinder simulates an offshore monopile foundation, or a bridge pile. A theoretical modeling is developed. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results obtained in the framework of this PhD. An experimental and theoretical preliminary study on sediment segregation in the vicinity of the cylinder is also performed