Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sedimentary basins – Africa

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sedimentary basins – Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sedimentary basins – Africa"

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Beauchamp, Jacques, Alain Izart, and Alain Piqué. "Les bassins d'avant-pays de la chaîne hercynienne au Carbonifère inférieur." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2024–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-183.

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The evolution of marine sedimentary basins deformed by the Hercynian Orogeny was studied in Germany, France, Iberia, Northwest Africa, and North America in the Lower Carboniferous. These basins opened along strike–slip faults and were filled with turbidites and shelf deposits until the main compressive phase at the end of Visean and the Namurian. The infilling was interrupted with frequent volcanic episodes and gravity-induced movements. According to sedimentary vergence, these basins were set into two festoons on both sides of an elongated and emergent swell structured during the Devonian and corresponding to the internal zones of the orogen. These basins were filled during a general tectonic compression phase; they correspond to the foreland basins of the Hercynian belt.
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Iyer, Karthik, Henrik Svensen, and Daniel W. Schmid. "SILLi 1.0: a 1-D numerical tool quantifying the thermal effects of sill intrusions." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-43-2018.

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Abstract. Igneous intrusions in sedimentary basins may have a profound effect on the thermal structure and physical properties of the hosting sedimentary rocks. These include mechanical effects such as deformation and uplift of sedimentary layers, generation of overpressure, mineral reactions and porosity evolution, and fracturing and vent formation following devolatilization reactions and the generation of CO2 and CH4. The gas generation and subsequent migration and venting may have contributed to several of the past climatic changes such as the end-Permian event and the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Additionally, the generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons and cracking of pre-existing oil reservoirs around a hot magmatic intrusion are of significant interest to the energy industry. In this paper, we present a user-friendly 1-D finite element method (FEM)-based tool, SILLi, which calculates the thermal effects of sill intrusions on the enclosing sedimentary stratigraphy. The model is accompanied by three case studies of sills emplaced in two different sedimentary basins, the Karoo Basin in South Africa and the Vøring Basin off the shore of Norway. An additional example includes emplacement of a dyke in a cooling pluton which forgoes sedimentation within a basin. Input data for the model are the present-day well log or sedimentary column with an Excel input file and include rock parameters such as thermal conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC) content, porosity and latent heats. The model accounts for sedimentation and burial based on a rate calculated by the sedimentary layer thickness and age. Erosion of the sedimentary column is also included to account for realistic basin evolution. Multiple sills can be emplaced within the system with varying ages. The emplacement of a sill occurs instantaneously. The model can be applied to volcanic sedimentary basins occurring globally. The model output includes the thermal evolution of the sedimentary column through time and the changes that take place following sill emplacement such as TOC changes, thermal maturity and the amount of organic and carbonate-derived CO2. The TOC and vitrinite results can be readily benchmarked within the tool to present-day values measured within the sedimentary column. This allows the user to determine the conditions required to obtain results that match observables and leads to a better understanding of metamorphic processes in sedimentary basins.
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Loreto, Maria Filomena, Camilla Palmiotto, Filippo Muccini, Valentina Ferrante, and Nevio Zitellini. "Inverted Basins by Africa–Eurasia Convergence at the Southern Back-Arc Tyrrhenian Basin." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030117.

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The southern part of Tyrrhenian back-arc basin (NW Sicily), formed due to the rifting and spreading processes in back-arc setting, is currently undergoing contractional tectonics. The analysis of seismic reflection profiles integrated with bathymetry, magnetic data and seismicity allowed us to map a widespread contractional tectonics structures, such as positive flower structures, anticlines and inverted normal faults, which deform the sedimentary sequence of the intra-slope basins. Two main tectonic phases have been recognised: (i) a Pliocene extensional phase, active during the opening of the Vavilov Basin, which was responsible for the formation of elongated basins bounded by faulted continental blocks and controlled by the tear of subducting lithosphere; (ii) a contractional phase related to the Africa-Eurasia convergence coeval with the opening of the Marsili Basin during the Quaternary time. The lithospheric tear occurred along the Drepano paleo-STEP (Subduction-Transform-Edge-Propagator) fault, where the upwelling of mantle, intruding the continental crust, formed a ridge. Since Pliocene, most of the contractional deformation has been focused along this ridge, becoming a good candidate for a future subduction initiation zone.
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MARE, L. P., M. O. DE KOCK, B. CAIRNCROSS, and H. MOURI. "APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC GEOTHERMOMETERS IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE WESTERN KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Journal of Geology 117, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.117.1.1.

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Andersen, T., G. A. Botha, and M. A. Elburg. "A late Mesozoic – early Cenozoic sedimentary recycling system on the Gondwana rifted margin of southeast Africa." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0023.

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Abstract Detrital zircons in late Cretaceous – Palaeogene, calcareous sandstone and conglomerate deposited in continental basins on the southeastern African margin after the breakup of Gondwana have characteristic combinations of age and epsilon-Hf that indicate an origin by recycling of Palaeoproterozoic (Waterberg, Soutpansberg and Pretoria groups) and Phanerozoic (Karoo Supergroup) cover successions. The latter is dominant in the south and east (Boane, Mahosi, Chilojo Cliffs), and the Palaeoproterozoic sources in the northwest (Pafuri, Wright’s Tower, Masisi). This recycling and mixing regime was restricted to late Mesozoic and Palaeogene time in northeastern South Africa and adjoining parts of Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Detrital zircon distribution patterns in these deposits reflect the denudation history of the southern African continental surface after breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent.
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Papadimitriou, Nikolaos, Remy Deschamps, Vasilis Symeou, Christine Souque, Christian Gorini, Fadi Henri Nader, and Christian Blanpied. "The tectonostratigraphic evolution of Cenozoic basins of the Northern Tethys: The Northern margin of the Levant Basin." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018085.

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The easternmost part of the Mediterranean corresponds to a tectonically complex region which is linked with the convergence between Africa and Eurasia. The tectonostratigraphic evolution of this region is poorly constrained because of the absence of exploration wells. Cyprus is a crucial area to assess the link between the tectonic deformation and the consequent sedimentation in the Northern Levant margin. Paleogene and Neogene basins in the southern part of Cyprus record the main tectonic events related to the convergence of Africa and Eurasia. The objective of this contribution is to investigate the timing and the mechanisms of basin deformation, as well as the sedimentary infill of basins located onshore Cyprus and finally resolve how their evolution is linked to the regional geodynamic events. Based on fieldwork studies we reconstructed the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Polis Basin and the Limassol Basin to propose a conceptual model for the evolution of the Northern Levant margin, in accordance with the main geodynamic events. It is expected that analysis of the Polis and Limassol depressions, and later comparison of them will also shed more lights on the impact of the substratum and how it is associated to the main tectonic events.
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Duane, Michael J., and Roderick W. Brown. "Tectonic brines and sedimentary basins: further applications of fission track analysis in understanding Karoo Basin evolution (South Africa)." Basin Research 3, no. 4 (December 1991): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.1991.tb00128.x.

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Villeneuve, Michel, François Fournier, Simonetta Cirilli, Amalia Spina, Matar Ndiaye, Juste Zamba, Sophie Viseur, Jean Borgomano, and Papa Malik Ngom. "Structure of the Paleozoic basement in the Senegalo-Mauritanian basin (West Africa)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 186, no. 2-3 (2015): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.186.2-3.193.

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Abstract The interpretation of 2D seismic surveys from the Senegalo-Mauritanian basement and the reappraisal of rock-samples from oil exploration drillings provide new insights into the structure of the Appalachian-Mauritanian belts and the overlying Carboniferous and Permian basins. Two different units have been evidenced below the Mesozoic sedimentary cover : a lower unit (Unit 1 : basement) and an upper unit (Unit 2 : Late Palaeozoic basins). Unit 1 shows two distinct tectonic areas : the northern area with two different belts evidenced on both sides of the Senegalese block and the southern area exhibiting various tilted blocks making part of the Palaeozoic (Ordovician to Devonian) Bové basin. In the northern area the Western Thrust Belt is thrust over the Senegalese block while to the east, the so-called Mauritanian belt is thrusted over the West African craton. In the Mauritanian belt area, the youngest deformed sediments belonging to the outcropping Bove basin are Famennian in age. The Mauritanian inner belt underwent two tectono-metamorphic events (circa 330 and 270 Ma). Unit 2 which is unconformably capping both the Western Thrust Belt and the southern tilted blocks of the Paleozoic Bové basin (Casamance basin) is locally affected by eastward and westward-verging thrusts. Unit 2 is dated to the Early Permian by palynomorphs, and could have formed between the early (340–320 Ma) and late (270 Ma) Variscan tectonic events. The subsurface Late Palaeozoic basins from Senegal and Mauritania are interpreted as intra Variscan belt basins, similar to those suspected by seismic investigations off shore Guinea and Mauritania.
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Stone, Philip. "Geology reviewed for the Falkland Islands and their offshore sedimentary basins, South Atlantic Ocean." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 106, no. 2 (June 2015): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691016000049.

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ABSTRACTThe position of the Falkland Islands adjacent to the South American continental margin belies the close association of their geology with that of South Africa. A Mesoproterozoic basement is unconformably overlain by a Silurian to Devonian succession of fluvial to neritic and shallow marine, siliciclastic strata. This is disconformably succeeded by a largely Permian succession that, near its base, includes a glacigenic diamictite and, thence, passes upwards into a succession of deltaic and lacustrine strata. The lithological succession and the character of its deformation bear striking similarities to the Cape Fold Belt and Karoo retroarc foreland basin. Swarms of Early Jurassic dykes were coeval with the Karoo magmatism and the initial break-up of Gondwana; Early Cretaceous dykes were intruded during the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. Offshore sedimentary basins surrounding the archipelago contain Late Jurassic to Palaeogene successions and are currently the focus of hydrocarbon exploration. Best known is the North Falkland Basin, a classic failed rift. To the SE, the passive margin, Falkland Plateau Basin may also be rift-controlled, whilst the South Falkland Basin is a foreland basin created at the boundary of the South American and Scotia plates. The role of the Falkland Islands during the breakup of Gondwana remains controversial. Compelling evidence from the onshore geology favours rotation of an independent microplate from an original position adjacent to the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Alternative interpretations, justified largely from offshore geology, favour extension of the Falkland Plateau as a fixed promontory from the South American margin.
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Smith, R. M. H., P. G. Eriksson, and W. J. Botha. "A review of the stratigraphy and sedimentary environments of the Karoo-aged basins of Southern Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 16, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(93)90164-l.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sedimentary basins – Africa"

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Linol, Bastien. "Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Congo and Kalahari basins of South Central Africa and their evolution during the formation and break-up of West Gondwana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012148.

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The high elevated (ca. 1100 m) continental Kalahari Basin (KB) of southern Africa and the linked lower lying (ca. 400 m) Congo Basin (CB) of central Africa preserve in their interiors extensive sedimentary rock sequences and sediments that represent a unique record of the Phanerozoic geodynamic and climatic evolution of sub-Saharan Africa. In this thesis, field observations and new borehole data from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Botswana are integrated with new paleontology and geochronology to present a substantially revised stratigraphy for the CB, and south-central Africa in general. This work also introduces a new multiphase model for the subsidence and uplift history of the CB, and improves correlations with the Cape-Karoo Basin (CKB) of South Africa and the Paraná Basin (PB) of south-east Brazil. Four deep boreholes, each between 2 and 4.5 km deep, drilled in the centre of the CB in the 1950’s and 1970’s are re-examined together with the colonial literature (in French) and available seismic data. This stratigraphic and basin analysis is complemented with new U-Pb dates of detrital zircons from core-samples of two of the boreholes (Samba and Dekese), as well as from samples collected during field work in the Kwango region of the south-west DRC. This work, for the first time, constrains the maximum ages and source provenances of the successions in the CB. Following the Pan African orogens (ca. 650-530 Ma), extensive sequences of red beds were deposited by regional paleocurrents to the south. These are now best preserved (1 km thick) along the West Congo, Oubanguides, and Lufilian Belts surrounding the CB. Overlying a hiatus that represents most of the early-Paleozoic, is a 1 to 3 km thick succession of easterly derived glacial, and then continental sequences of the Karoo Supergroup. This succession records the first main episode of subsidence [10-15 m/Ma], interrupted by a phase of uplift that is likely related to far-field intracontinental deformation within Gondwana supercontinent during the Variscan and Cape Fold orogenies (ca. 250-330 Ma) at its peripheries. Detrital zircons from the lower Karoo diamictites are dated at 1.85-2.05 Ga and 1.37- 1.42 Ga, and thus sourced from Paleoproterozoic (Eburnean) and mid-Mesoproterozoic (Kibaran type-I) basement rocks in Uganda and Tanzania. Zircons from all the other successions in the CB date predominantly at 950-1050 Ma and 500-800 Ma. These are derived from sediment recycling of late-Mesoproterozoic (Kibaran type-II) and late- Neoproterozoic (Pan African) sources in the Central African Republic (CAR) and Chad. A distinct unconformity across the Karoo Supergroup in the CB is overlain by 500- 1000 m Jurassic-Cretaceous sequences, here named the Congo Supergroup. During initial rapid subsidence [10-50 m/Ma], late-Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) shallow marine to continental sedimentation attests to a short transgression of proto-Indian Ocean waters into the northern CB (at 160 m above present day sea-level), succeeded by widespread deposition of aeolian dunes that extend from the southern CB to the PB in South America. The youngest zircons from these aeolian sediments in the CB date at 190 Ma and 240-290 Ma, and most likely indicate the influence of extensive silicic volcanic ash derived from the proto-Andes along the south-western margin of Gondwana. Two superimposed mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) lacustrine sequences in the central CB record a succeeding, slower [10-15 m/Ma], phase of basin subsidence during the opening of the South Atlantic (ca. 85-135 Ma). These Cretaceous sequences are in turn truncated by another regional peneplanation surface covered by Cenozoic (Eocene) silcretized sands and alluviums of the Kalahari Group, only 50-250 m thick in the centre of the CB. Southward, on top of the Kalahari Plateau in the central desert region of north-west Botswana, new boreholes intercepted laterally equivalent condensed lacustrine carbonates and calcretes (20-50 m thick) covered by sands. These terrestrial sequences are key archives of late-Mesozoic – Cenozoic paleo-climate changes, yet they remain stratigraphically unresolved. This new analysis of the Phanerozoic continental basins of south-central Africa and their equivalents in South America, opens a fresh continental-scale window into how West Gondwana break-up and concomitant epeirogenic uplifts of Kalahari (>2 km) and Congo (>200 m) are linked to interactions between the lithosphere and mantle geodynamics, and how these processes likely affected global climate changes.
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Grobbelaar, Mareli. "A comparison between diamictites at the Witteberg-Dwyka contact in southern South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97091.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Diamictites are sedimentary deposits that originate from a number of different environments, the most common being associated with a glacial environment. Although this association is not, in all cases correct, it is still being used due to the lack of knowledge to confidently identify, classify and interpret a depositional environment for diamictite deposits. During the late Carboniferous to early Permian, two diamictite deposits formed during the development of the Cape Basin and Main Karoo Basin in the southern margins of South Africa. These deposits are known as the Miller diamictite and Dwyka diamictite. The latter is well known and was deposited during the Karoo-deglaciation. The Dwyka diamictite is often referred to as Dwyka Tillite. This is an inappropriate reference owing to that not all of the Dwyka deposits are directly formed as a result of glacial contact. The origin of the Miller diamictite is uncertain, but there are suggestions that its origin can be traced to either a glacial or debris flow deposit formed in a deltaic environment, thus referred to by some as a tillite and others as a diamictite. To establish the sedimentary environments of the above mentioned diamictite deposits in the study area, two facies models were presented with a notable bias for the second model. The first model represents a continuous sedimentation cycle between the closing of the Cape Basin and opening of the Main Karoo Basin, whereas the second model demonstrates an erosional break (hiatus) between the depositions of the above mentioned basins. Derived from the use of the second model, it can be concluded that the Miller diamictite can indeed be classified as a diamictite from a textural interpretation. Both diamictites (Miller and Dwyka) cannot be referred to as tillite deposits since none show evidence of direct glacial contact. The Miller and the Dwyka are both diamictites, but were formed in different sedimentary environments. The Miller diamictite is a product of debris flow deposits from the slope of a braided delta, whereas the Dwyka diamictite represents distal glacio-marine “rain-out” deposits.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Diamiktiete is sedimentêre neerslae afkomstig vanaf verskillende omgewings en dit word meestal met n glasiale omgewing geassosieer. Alhoewel hierdie assosiasie nie in alle gevalle korrek is nie, word dit nog steeds gemaak as gevolg van die gebrek aan kennis om diamiktiete met selfvertroue te identifiseer, te klassifiseer en 'n afsettingsomgewing vir die sedimente te interpreteer. Gedurende die laat Karboon tot vroeë Permiese tydperk het twee diamiktiet afsettings gevorm gedurende die vorming van die Kaap Supergroep Kom en Karoo Kom in die suidelike grense van Suid-Afrika. Die afsetting staan bekend as die Miller diamiktiet en Dwyka diamiktiet. Laasgenoemde is redelik bekend en is gedurende die Karoo gletser ontvormings tydperk gesedimenteer. Die Dwyka diamiktiet word dikwels Dwyka Tilliet genoem, wat onvanpas is aangesien nie al die Dwyka neerslae direk gevorm het as gevolg van direkte glasiale kontak nie. Die oorsprong van die Miller diamiktiet is egter onseker. Dit word veronderstel dat die Miller diamiktiet óf deur 'n gletser, of puin vloei neerslag gevorm het in 'n deltaiese omgewing, dus word daarna verwys as 'n tilliet of ʼn diamiktiet. Om die sedimentêre omgewings van die twee bogenoemde diamiktiet afsettings in die studie area te bevestig, is twee fasies modelle aangebied met 'n voorkeur aan die tweede model. Die eerste fasies model verteenwoordig n siklus van ongebroke sedimentasie tydens die sluiting van die Kaapse Kom en die opening van die Karoo Kom. Die tweede fasies model verteenwoordig n hiatus tussen die afsetting van die bogenoemde komme. Gegrond op sy teksturele samestelling kan die Miller diamiktiet inderdaad as 'n diamiktiet geklassifiseer word. Beide diamiktiete (Miller en Dwyka) kan nie as tilliet neerslae beskou word nie, aangesien geen bewyse gelewer kan word van afsetting as gevolg van direkte glasiale kontak nie. Die Miller en Dwyka is n diamiktiet, maar is gevorm in verskillende afsettingsomgewings. Die Miller diamiktiet is 'n produk van die puin vloei neerslag vanaf die helling van ‘n delta, terwyl die Dwyka diamiktiet verteenwoordig ‘n afgeleë glasio-mariene “uit-reen” neerslae.
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Ojongokpoko, Hanson Mbi. "Porosity and permeability distribution in the deep marine play of the central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1341_1189600798.

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This study described porosity and permeability distribution in the deep marine play of the central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa using methods that include thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, in order to characterize their porosity and permeability distributions, cementation and clay types that affect the porosity and permeability distribution. The study included core samples from nine wells taken from selected depths within the Basin.

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Van, Bloemenstein Chantell Berenice. "Petrographic characterization of sandstones in borehole E-BA1, Block 9, Bredasdorp Basin, Off-Shore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5957_1189147269.

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The reservoir quality (RQ) of well E-BA1 was characterized using thin sections and core samples in a petrographic study. Well E-BA1 is situated in the Bredasdorp Basin, which forms part of the Outeniqua Basin situated in the Southern Afircan offshore region. Rifting as a result of the break up of Gondwanaland formed the Outeniqua Basin. The Bredasorp Basin is characterized by half-graben structures comprised of Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Cenozoic rift to drift strata. The current research within the thesis has indicated that well E-BA1 is one of moderate to good quality having a gas-condensate component.

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Van, Eeden Johan. "Basin analysis and sequence stratigraphy a review, with a short account of its applicability and utility for the exploration of auriferous placers in the Witwatersrand Basin." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005546.

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The Witwatersrand basin is unique in terms of its mineral wealth. The gold in the Witwatersrand basin is mainly concentrated in the placers and two types of unconformities are associated with the placer formation. This paper attempts to quantitatively describe the origin and depositional process of placers within the context of basin analysis, geohistory and sequences stratigraphic framework. Several tectonic models have been proposed for the evolution of the Witwater~rand basin and it seems as if a cratonic foreland basin accounts for many of the observed features observed the Central Rand Group basin. The tectonic subsidence curve generated for the Witwatersrand Basin clearly implies foreland basin response which was superimposed an older, deep seated extensional basin. These compressive tectonics can be superimposed on extensional basins, where the shift from extensional to compressional tectonics lead to inversion processes. The critical issues about the Witwatersrand basin which were addresed in this review, is the validity of basin wide correlation of placer unconformuties and whether sequence stratigraphy is applicable to fluvial systems of the Witwatersrand sequence. It is believed that the Central Rand Group was deposited as alluvial - fan deltas by fluvially dominated, braidplain systems with minor marine interaction which had a considerable impact on the preservation of economically viable placers. Most important to the exploration geologist is the recognition of stacking patterns of the fluvial strata to determine change in the rate at which accommodation was created. Identifying sequence boundaries and other relevant surfaces important for identifying these stacking patterns of the sequences, depends entirely on the recognition of a hierarchy of stratal units including beds, bedsets, parasequences, parasequence sets and the surfaces bounding sequences. Placers are closely associated with the development of disconformities and therefore become important to recognise in fluvial strata. If these placers are to become economic, the duration of subaerial exposure of the unconformities that allowed the placers to become reworked and concentrated must be determined. In order to preserve the placer, a sudden marine transgression is necessary to allow for minimal shoreline reworking and to cap the placer to prevent it from being dispersed. The placers in the Witwatersrand basin occur in four major gold-bearing placer zones in the Central Rand Group. Accordingly they can be assigned to four supercycles, which are cyclical and therefore predictive. It is the predictive nature of these rocks and the ability of sequence stratigraphy to enhance this aspect, which is a pre-requisite for an effective exploration tool in the search for new ore bodies or their extension in the Witwatersrand basin.
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Oghenekome, Monica Enifome. "Sedimentary environments and provenance of the Balfour Formation (Beaufort Group) in the area between Bedford and Adelaide, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004354.

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The research examines the sedimentary environments and provenance of the Balfour Formation of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This Formation occurs in the southeastern part of the Karoo Basin. It consists of sedimentary rocks, which are an alternating siltstone, shale and mudstone succession with subordinate interbedded sandstone and subsequently intruded by Karoo dolerite in the form of sills and dykes. ithostratigraphically, the Balfour Formation is subdivided into five units namely, from the base to the top, the Oudeberg, Daggaboersnek, Barberskrans, Elandsberg and Palingkloof Members. The Balfour Formation is overlain by the Katberg Formation. This study involved field investigations in the vicinity of the towns of Bedford and Adelaide with integrated stratigraphical, sedimentological and petrological studies. A geological map was constructed after field investigations. Lithofacies of the Balfour Formation that were studied are characterised by sandstone facies (Sh, Sm, St, Sr, Sp) and fine-grained sediments (Fl or Fsm) which reflect point-bar, cut-bank, channel and floodplain deposits. Lithologically, the Oudeberg Member consists of sandstone of which some units are internally massive alternating with thin laminated siltstone and mudstone. The Daggaboersnek Member is characterised by regular, generally non-lenticular, overall stratification, in the Barberkrans Member consists of sandstone lithosomes, while the Elandsberg Member is an argillaceous unit, similar to the Daggaboersnek Member. The Palingkloof Member is composed predominantly of red mudstone that can be used to distinguish the Balfour Formation from the overlying Katberg Formation, which consists predominantly of sandstone. The stratigraphic sequence displays two fining upward megacycles of sedimentary deposits with change in the sediment supply pattern from low-sinuosity to high-sinuosity river systems which reflect both braid and meandering deposits, respectively. Sedimentary structures in the sandstone units and the provenance of the Balfour Formation indicate that these deposits were produced by rivers flowing from the southeast with minor drift towards the northwest. According to the composition of the sediments and their sequence of deposition the Formation represents a fluvial environment. Mineralogical and grain size data from the sandstones of the various members of the Balfour Formation indicate the same source area of granitic, metamorphic and older sedimentary rocks and show no significant petrographic differences. The petrographic and geochemical investigations confirmed the sandstone to be feldspathic litharenite and ultralithofeldspathic sandstone. The palaeocurrent investigation indicates the main provenance to have been situated to the southeast of the Karoo basin. Heavy-mineral concentrations within the sandstones also give an indication that the source had a transitional arc plate tectonic setting.
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Razafimbelo, Eugène. "Le bassin de morondava (madagascar) : synthese geologique et structurale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13184.

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La synthese des donnees geologiques et structurales du bassin de morondava conduit a modifier la nomenclature stratigraphique des formations sedimentaires du type "karroo". Dans le bassin, le controle tectonique de la sedimentation est realise par un jeu complexe mais permanent de failles en faisceaux denses. La fracturation continentale a permis la mise en place de roches effusives basaltes et gabbros, puis roches granito-syenitiques. L'epaisseur et la nature des formations sedimentaires du bassin de morondava sont propices a la naissance de gisements d'hydrocarbures
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Delpomdor, Franck. "Sedimentology, geochemistry and depositional environments of the 1175-570 Ma carbonate series, Sankuru-Mbuji-Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy and Bas-Congo basins, Democratic Republic of Congo: new insights into late Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic glacially- and/or tectonically-influenced sedimentary systems in equatorial Africa." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209486.

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The one of the most important Eras of the Earth history, i.e. Neoproterozoic (1000-542 Ma),

was an enigmatic period characterized by the development of the first stable long-lived ~1.1-

0.9 Ga Rodinia and 550-500 Ma Gondwana supercontinents, global-scale orogenic belts,

extreme climatic changes (cf. Snowball Earth Hypothesis), the development of microbial

organisms facilitating the oxidizing atmosphere and explosion of eukaryotic forms toward the

first animals in the terminal Proterozoic. This thesis presents a multidisciplinary study of two

Neoproterozoic basins, i.e. Bas-Congo and Sankuru-Mbuji-Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy, in and around the Congo Craton including sedimentology, geochemistry, diagenesis, chemostratigraphy and radiometric dating of carbonate deposits themselves.

The Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup sequence deposited in a SE-NW trending 1500 m-thick siliciclastic-carbonate intracratonic failed-rift basin, extends from the northern Katanga Province towards the centre of the Congo River Basin. The 1000 m-thick carbonate succession is related to the evolution of a marine ramp submitted to evaporation, with ‘deep’ shaly basinal and low-energy carbonate outer-ramp environments, marine biohermal midramp (MF6) and ‘very shallow’ restricted tide-dominated lagoonal inner-ramp (MF7-MF9) settings overlain by lacustrine (MF10) and sabkha (MF11) environments, periodically

submitted to a river water source with a possible freshwater-influence. The sequence stratigraphy shows that the sedimentation is cyclic in the inner ramp with plurimetric ‘thin’ peritidal cycles (± 4 m on average) recording a relative sea level of a maximum of 4 m, with fluctuations in the range of 1-4 m. The outer/mid ramp subtidal facies are also cyclic with ‘thick’ subtidal cycles characterized by an average thickness of ± 17 m, with a probable sealevel

fluctuations around 10 to 20 m. The geochemistry approach, including isotopic and major/trace and REE+Y data, allows to infer the nature of the dolomitization processes operating in each carbonate subgroup, i.e dolomitization may be attributed to evaporative reflux of groundwater or to mixing zones of freshwater lenses. The latest alteration processes occured during the uplift of the SMLL Basin. New ages, including LA-ICP-MS U-Pb laser ablation data on detrital zircon grains retrieved in the lower arenaceous-pelitic sequence (BI group), combined with carbon and strontium isotopic analyses, yielded a new depositional time frame of the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup between 1176 and 800 Ma reinforcing the formerly suggested correlation with the Roan Group in the Katanga Province.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Sturtian-Marinoan interglacial period was previously related to pre-glacial carbonate-dominated shallow marine sedimentation of the Haut-Shiloango Subgroup with stromatolitic reefs at the transition between greenhouse (warm) and icehouse (cold) climate periods, commonly marked by worldwide glacigenic diamictites and cap carbonates. This thesis highlights that these deposists record as a deepening-upward evolution from storm-influenced facies in mid- and outer-ramps to deepwater environments, with emplacement of mass flow deposits in toe-of-slope settings controlled by synsedimentary faults. In absence of diagnostic glacial features, the marinoan Upper Diamictite Formation is interpreted as a continuous sediment gravity flow deposition along carbonate platform-margin slopes, which occurred along tectonically active continental margins locally influenced by altitude glaciers, developed after a rift–drift transition. The maximum depth of the deepening-upward facies is observed in the C2a member. The

shallowing-upward facies exibit a return of distally calcareous tempestites and semi-restricted to restricted peritidal carbonates associated with shallow lagoonal subtidal and intertidal zones submitted to detrital fluxes in the upper C2b to C3b members.

The geochemistry highlights (i) the existence of a δ13C-depth gradient of shallow-water and deep-water carbonates; (ii) the carbonate systems were deposited in oxic to suboxic conditions; and (iii) all samples have uniform flat non-marine shale-normalized REE+Y distributions reflecting

continental detrital inputs in nearshore environments, or that the nearshore sediments were

reworked from ’shallow’ inner to mid-ramp settings in deep-water slope and outer-ramp

environments, during the rift-drift transition in the basin. The pre-, syn- and post-glacial

carbonate systems could record a distally short-lived regional synrift freshwater-influenced

submarine fan derived from nearshore sediments, including gravity flow structures, which are

attributed to regional tectonic processes due to a sudden deepening of the basin caused by

differential tilting and uplifting of blocks, related to the 750-670 Ma oceanic spreading of the

central-southern Macaúbas Basin.

Combining sedimentology, isotopes and trace elemental geochemistry, the thesis highlights

that the δ13C variations in the Neoproterozoic carbonates are complex to interpret, and can be

related to: (i) the existence of a δ13C-depth gradient; (ii) the exchange between isotopically

light carbon in meteoric waters and carbonate during lithification and early diagenesis; and

(iii) isotopic perturbations due to regional metamorphism. Considering the possible englaciation of the Earth (Snowball Earth hypothesis), the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup and West

Congolian Group seem reflected the intimate relationship between glaciations and tectonic

activity during the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent, followed by the rift–drift

transition, and finally the pre-orogenic period on the passive continental margin.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Parker, Irfaan. "Petrophysical evaluation of sandstone reservoirs of the Central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4661.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
This contribution engages in the evaluation of offshore sandstone reservoirs of the Central Bredasdorp basin, Block 9, South Africa using primarily petrophysical procedures. Four wells were selected for the basis of this study (F-AH1, F-AH2, F-AH4, and F-AR2) and were drilled in two known gas fields namely F-AH and F-AR. The primary objective of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of identified Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs through the use and comparison of conventional core, special core analysis, wire-line log and production data. A total of 30 sandstone reservoirs were identified using primarily gamma-ray log baselines coupled with neutron-density crossovers. Eleven lithofacies were recognised from core samples. The pore reduction factor was calculated, and corrected for overburden conditions. Observing core porosity distribution for all wells, well F-AH4 displayed the highest recorded porosity, whereas well F-AH1 measured the lowest recorded porosity. Low porosity values have been attributed to mud and silt lamination influence as well as calcite overgrowths. The core permeability distribution over all the studied wells ranged between 0.001 mD and 2767 mD. Oil, water, and gas, were recorded within cored sections of the wells. Average oil saturations of 3 %, 1.1 %, and 0.2 % were discovered in wells F-AH1, F-AH2, and F-AH4. Wells F-AH1 to F-AR2 each had average gas saturations of 61 %, 57 %, 27 %, and 56 % respectively; average core water saturations of 36 %, 42 %, 27 %, and 44 % were recorded per well.
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Moodley, Adam. "The sedimentary petrology of carbonate nodules in the Elliot Formation, Karoo Supergroup, main Karoo Basin (South Africa)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20345.

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In South Africa, fossils found in the upper part of the Elliot Formation (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup) are often associated with genetically poorly-constrained carbonate nodules. The origin of carbonate nodules i.e., pedogenic versus diagenetic, is important as pedogenic carbonate nodules can be used as palaeoclimate indicators, while diagenetic nodules carry limited palaeoclimatic information on the depositional setting. This research aims to characterize the carbonate nodules of the Elliot Formation macroscopically, petrographically and geochemically and to establish a diagnostic set of criteria to enable the differentiation between pedogenic and diagenetic nodules and/or diagenetic overprint. The research techniques employed in this study range from a) macroscopic field observations of the stratigraphic relationships of the nodules to the sedimentary features of the host rocks; b) sedimentary petrography of the textural features in the nodules; and c) X-ray diffraction for the assessment of the clay composition trapped within the nodules as compared to host rocks. Macroscopic field observations have shown that carbonate nodules found in the UEF are strongly associated with host rocks that contain pedogenic features such as root traces, burrows, colour mottling, and desiccation cracks, and thus are suggestive of ancient soils. However, the microscopic analysis of the nodules reveal no evidence for biological activities but rather a range of abiotic features such as septarian cracks, circumgranular cracks, and micronodules which are more likely have resulted from physicochemical processes that may have occurred during diagenesis. Clay minerals identified by X-ray diffraction include illite, muscovite, and montmorillonite confirm the generation of the sediments under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions.
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Books on the topic "Sedimentary basins – Africa"

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Colloque de stratigraphie et de paléogéographie des bassins sédimentaires ouest-africains (1st 1991 Libreville, Gabon). Géologie africaine: 1er Colloque de stratigraphie et de paléogéographie des bassins sédimentaires ouest-africains : 2e Colloque africain de micropaléontologie : Libreville, Gabon, 6-8 mai 1991 : recueil des communications. Boussens: Elf Aquitaine, 1992.

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Myers, R. E. A tectono-sedimentary reconstruction of the development and evolution of the Witwatersrand Basin, with particular emphasis on the Central Rand Group. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, 1989.

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Myers, R. E. A tectono-sedimentary reconstruction of the development and evolution of the Witwatersrand Basin, with particular emphasis on the Central Rand Group. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, 1989.

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1939-, Selley Richard C., ed. African basins. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1997.

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Geologie africaine: 1er Colloque de stratigraphie et de paleogeographie des bassins sedimentaires ouest-africains : 2e Colloque africain de micropaleontologie ... 1991 : Recueil des communications (Memoire). Elf Aquitaine, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sedimentary basins – Africa"

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Wright, J. B. "Introduction to sedimentary basins." In Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa, 75–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3932-6_8.

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Wright, J. B. "Economic potential of the younger sedimentary basins." In Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa, 114–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3932-6_12.

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Milia, Alfonsa, and Maurizio Maria Torrente. "Genetically Linked Sedimentary Basins to Define a Kinematic Model of the Central Mediterranean Extension." In The Structural Geology Contribution to the Africa-Eurasia Geology: Basement and Reservoir Structure, Ore Mineralisation and Tectonic Modelling, 221–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01455-1_47.

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Ebinger, Cynthia, and Christopher A. Scholz. "Continental Rift Basins: The East African Perspective." In Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins, 183–208. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444347166.ch9.

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Eriksson, Kenneth A., William S. F. Kidd, and Bryan Krapez. "Basin Analysis in Regionally Metamorphosed and Deformed Early Archean Terrains: Examples from Southern Africa and Western Australia." In Frontiers in Sedimentary Geology, 371–404. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3788-4_19.

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Selley, R. C. "Sedimentary basins of africa introduction and acknowledgements." In Sedimentary Basins of the World, IX—XI. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5997(97)80002-0.

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Johnson, M. R., C. J. Van Vuuren, J. N. J. Visser, D. I. Cole, H. De V. Wickens, A. D. M. Christie, and D. L. Roberts. "Chapter 12 The foreland karoo basin, south africa." In Sedimentary Basins of the World, 269–317. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5997(97)80015-9.

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Selley, R. C. "Chapter 2 The basins of northwest africa: Structural evolution." In Sedimentary Basins of the World, 17–26. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5997(97)80005-6.

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Selley, R. C. "Chapter 1 The sedimentary basins of northwest africa: stratigraphy and sedimentation." In Sedimentary Basins of the World, 3–16. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5997(97)80004-4.

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Mcmillan, I. K., G. I. Brink, D. S. Broad, and J. J. Maier. "Chapter 13 Late Mesozoic Sedimentary Basins Off the South Coast of South Africa." In Sedimentary Basins of the World, 319–76. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5997(97)80016-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sedimentary basins – Africa"

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Mboya, V. E. "Sedimentary Basins Prospective for Hydrocarbons." In Third EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702431.

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Scholz, Christopher A. "Advancing Models of Facies Variability and Lacustrine Source Rock Accumulation in Rifts: Implications for Exploration." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2577056-ms.

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ABSTRACT Important syn-rift hydrocarbon discoveries in the Tertiary East African Rift and in the South Atlantic subsalt basins have in recent years promoted renewed interest in the variability of source and reservoir rock facies in continental rifts. This talk considers several important new observations and developments in our understanding of the sedimentary evolution of lacustrine rift basins. Offshore subsalt basins in the South Atlantic demonstrate the importance of lacustrine carbonates, and especially microbialites, as reservoir facies in extensional systems. The role of rift-related magmatism is significant in these basins, both as drivers of hydrothermal systems around and within rift lakes, and as a source of solutes that facilitate carbonate accumulations. In the Tertiary East African Rift, substantial new hydrocarbon resources have been identified, including onshore siliciclastic reservoirs in remarkably young and shallow parts of the sedimentary section in the Albertine Graben. Rollover anticlines and fault-related folds serve as important structures for several new fields in the East African Rift, but larger structures affiliated with accommodation zones, in many instances located far offshore in the modern lakes, remain untested. Lacustrine source rocks that accumulated in stratified lake basins are the source of the oil and gas in these systems, however there is still much to be learned about their spatial and temporal variability. There is observed considerable variation in the character of organic matter on the floors of modern African lake basins, even adjacent ones. A number of factors likely govern the amount of total organic carbon preserved within the basins. These include 1) primary productivity; 2) degree of siliciclastic dilution, which is controlled in part by offshore slopes and the extent of onshore catchments, and 3) physical limnology, controlled by climate and basin-scale physiography, and the fetch-depth ratio of the lakes, which determines the likelihood of water column stratification. Scientific drilling in the African Rift lake basins is providing considerable information on the high temporal hydroclimate variability of the region, especially in the later Tertiary and Quaternary, which substantially controls basin lithofacies.
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Witte, Jan, Daniel Trümpy, Jürgen Meßner, and Hans Georg Babies. "Petroleum Potential of Rift Basins in Northern Somalia – A Fresh Look." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2573746-ms.

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ABSTRACT Several wells have encountered good oil shows in the rift basins of northern Somalia, however, without finding commercial hydrocarbons to date. It is widely accepted that these basins have a similar tectonic evolution and a comparable sedimentary fill as the highly productive rift basins in Yemen from which they have been separated by the opening of the Gulf of Aden (fully established in Mid Oligocene). We present new regional tectonic maps, new basement outcrop maps, a new structural transect and new play maps, specifically for the Odewayne, Nogal, Daroor and Socotra Basins. Digital terrain data, satellite images, surface geology maps (varying scales), oil seep/slick maps, potential data (gravity), well data from ~50 wells and data from scientific publications were compiled into a regional GIS-database, so that different data categories could be spatially analyzed. To set the tectonic framework, the outlines of the basins under investigation were re-mapped, paying particular attention to crystalline basement outcrops. A set of play maps was established. We recognize at least three source rocks, five reservoirs and at least three regional seals to be present in the area (not all continuously present). Numerous oil seeps are documented, particularly in the Nogal and Odewayne Basins, indicative of ongoing migration or re-migration. Data from exploration wells seem to further support the presence of active petroleum systems, especially in the central Nogal, western Nogal and central Daroor Basins. Our GIS-based data integration confirms that significant hydrocarbon potential remains in the established rift basins, such as the Nogal and Daroor Basins. Additionally, there are a number of less known satellite basins (on and offshore) which can be mapped out and that remain completely undrilled. All of these basins have to be considered frontier basins, due to their poorly understood geology, remoteness, marketing issues and missing oil infrastructure, making the economic risks significant. However, we believe that through acquisition of new seismic data, geochemical analysis, basin modelling and, ultimately, exploration drilling these risks can be mitigated to a point where the economic risks become acceptable. We encourage explorers to conduct regional basin analysis, data integration, a GIS-based approach and modern structural geology concepts to tackle key issues, such as trap architecture, structural timing, migration pathways and breaching risks.
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Duyverman, Henk J., and Emma Msaky. "Shale Oil and Gas in East Africa (Esp.Tanzania) with New Ideas on Reserves and Possible Synergies with Renewables." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2603293-ms.

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Short Abstract Shale oil and gas in East Africa, with new ideas on reserves and possible synergies with renewables Shale oil and gas production have lately revolutionized the oil and gas industry as a real "game-changer", especially in the US. This has prompted many companies and governments to search for these unconventionals with successes in the UK, Poland and Argentina. These unconventionals do often occur onshore in places, where there is no conventional hydrocarbon production, thus enabling the local government or companies to have a new energy source, which is especially valid in Onshore East Africa. New drilling technologies, which combine shale and geothermal drilling/production, are now being developed. Now it is possible to drill/produce both unconventionals and geothermal from a single well.Gas and oil could be produced from the central pipe, and hot water from the outer tubing, thereby reducing development cost for both methods. In Tanzania a study was performed to look at unconventional oil and gas resources in sedimentary basins. A lot of data on Karoo geology, maturity, TOC's and volumetrics will be presented. In general, one needs a thick sedimentary basin with a lot of shales, good maturity and TOC values, and a fairly unfaulted basin to prevent seismicity when fracking. In East Africa and Southern Africa at large only the Karoo sediments of Permian/Triassic age are a suitable candidate for large shale oil/gas reserves. The possible large Karoo shale gas development in South Africa is a good example. A large heavy oilfield at surface in Madagascar proves an oil source in the Karoo. In S.Kenya and also on Pemba oil shows are known, with a unknown Pre-Jurassic source. Preliminary resource calculations in Tanzania indicate possible resources in place of 50-200 Tcf of gas for the Selous basin, comparable in size with the South-African Karoo Basin. The depth of the source rocks make gas the most likely hydrocarbon phase. One has to note that calculating unconventional resources is much more complicated than with conventional resources, since the adsorbed gas (or oil) needs to be calculated from core or log analyses. An onshore well could also text the synergies with geothermal drilling. Recently, TPDC in Tanzania has started a new evaluation, based on new mapping, rock analyses and maturity studies, into the shale oil and gas potential. Altogether, shale gas (or oil) could be an interesting incentive for onshore Tanzania and East Africa at large.
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.

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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa’s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Scholz, Christopher A., and Douglas Wood. "Early-Stage Extension in the Southwest East African Rift: Integration of New Seismic Reflection Data." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2614293-ms.

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ABSTRACT The western branch of the East African Rift is characterized by modest amounts of extension and by deeply-subsided, fault-controlled basins filled with large, deep lakes. Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa (Malawi) are two of the largest lakes in the world, with maximum water depths of 1450 and 700 m respectively. Newly acquired seismic reflection data, along with newly reprocessed legacy data reveal thick sedimentary sections, in excess of 5 km in some localities. The 1980's vintage legacy data from Project PROBE have been reprocessed through pre-stack depth migration in Lake Tanganyika, and similar reprocessing of legacy data from Lake Nyasa (Malawi) is underway. New high-fold and large-source commercial data have recently been collected in southern Lake Tanganyika, and new academic data have been acquired in the northern and central basins of Lake Nyasa (Malawi) as part of the 2015 SEGMeNT project. In the case of Lake Tanganyika, new data indicate the presence of older sediment packages that underlie previously identified "pre-rift" basement (the "Nyanja Event"). These episodes of sedimentation and extension may substantially predate the modern lake. These deep stratal reflections are absent in many localites, possibly on account of attenuation of the acoustic signal. However in one area of southern Lake Tanganyika, the newly-observed deep strata extend axially for ~70 km, likely representing deposits from a discrete paleolake. The high-amplitude Nyanja Event is interpreted as the onset of late-Cenozoic rifting, and the changing character of the overlying depositional sequences reflects increasing relief in the rift valley, as well as the variability of fluvial inputs, and the intermittent connectivity of upstream lake catchments. Earlier Tanganyika sequences are dominated by shallow lake and fluvial-lacustrine facies, whereas later sequences are characterized by extensive gravity flow deposition in deep water, and pronounced erosion and incision in shallow water depths and on littoral platforms. The age and provenance of the sub-Nyanja Event sequences is unknown, but may correlate to Miocene, Cretaceous or Karroo-age sedimentary packages documented elsewhere in the southwestern part of the East African Rift, including in the region around Lakes Rukwa and Nyasa (Malawi).
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Weili, Ke, Zhang Guangya, Liu Aixiang, Zheng Yonglin, and Yu Yongjun. "Petroleum Exploration Potential on Abu Gabra Formations in Fula Sub-basin, Muglad Basin, Sudan." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2565579-ms.

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ABSTRACT Fula sub-basin is one of chasmic structure units with rich petroleum accumulation within Muglad basin. In the past, thick sandstones of Bentiu was considered as main petroleum accumulation targets sealed by faults and anticlines, and most petroleum generated by AG source kitchen has migrated to upper formations along big faults, and furthermore, sandstones inside AG formation of are thin with poor permeability and porosity caused by compaction. Recently, some works have been done specially on AG formation, including small fault interpretation, seismic sedimentary analysis and thin layer inversion, resulting in new petroleum discoveries within middle AG formation, which reveals that AG formation has also good petroleum accumulation abilities. Comprehensive study shows that there developed many small faults within AG period, which could seal sandstones of AG formation laterally, forming effective faulted block within AG formation. Sandstones of delta and sub-water channel could be found. Within AG4 and AG2 formations, there are mainly lacustrine facies. Channel sandstones occurred regression and the area of alluvium fan decreased AG shale has high matter abundance, high hydrocarbon generating potential and kerogen type I, II with middle to high mature, showing good hydrocarbon generation ability. Although sandstones of AG formation have relatively low permeability and porosity, these sandstone have good logging response on hydrocarbon could be sealed by local surrounding mudstones and. All above reveals that AG combination is near-source reservoir combination. Low-amplitude anticline and structure-lithology reservoir models are favorite reservoir models in Fula sub-basin. In the west slope, especially the lower places of the slope are the areas of huge sedimentary accumulation should be favorite prospects. As for the east slope, low-amplitude anticline bounded by small faults that developed during AG period should be the favorite area for exploration, which has been proved by successful drilling activities. In Fula sub-basin, AG structure-lithology complex reservoir combination should be the favorite type for drilling as per under these two key factors, the petroleum could be well accumulated. Currently, there have two important petroleum discoveries of channel sandstone and delta sheet sandstone in AG formation, proving that AG formation still has good potential for drilling.
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Henniche, M., R. Eschard, and J. N. Proust. "Sedimentary Architecture of the Siluro-Devonian Sequences in Illizi Basin, Algeria." In 1st EAGE North African/Mediterranean Petroleum & Geosciences Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.8.t046.

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Belhadj, E. M. "Source Rocks of the Southeastern Constantine Sedimentary Basin (Eastern Saharan Atlas, Algeria)." In 2nd EAGE North African/Mediterranean Petroleum & Geosciences Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.11.b20.

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Miguel, G. San, N. Vilasi-Marmier, M. Bez, S. Veillard, N. Buratti, M. Rousseau, A. Ahmed, M. Stankoff, and J. L. Rubino. "Stratigraphic Forward Modelling in Albert Lake as a Tool for an Integrated Understanding of Basin Sedimentary Infilling." In Fifth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2021605016.

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Reports on the topic "Sedimentary basins – Africa"

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McCartney, T. A qualitative comparison of continental rift structures in the sedimentary basins of the Labrador Shelf, offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Malawi Rift, east Africa. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/315352.

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