To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sedimentary basins.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sedimentary basins'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sedimentary basins.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wilson, N. P. "Thermal studies in sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383208.
Full text
2
Turner, Jonathan David. "The subsidence of sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13150.
Full textAbstract:
Theoretical models for the evolution of extensional sedimentary basins make a number of simple, testable predictions for subsidence behaviour. These are that active extension (the syn-rift) will generally be accompanied by rapid subsidence on the downthrown side of normal faults. Once faulting has ceased (the post-rift) the entire basin is predicted to subside at an exponentially decreasing rate, driven by the cooling and thickening of the lithosphere. The aim of this thesis is to determine the significance of second-order departures from this predicted subsidence. Three periods of North Sea subsidence appear to violate these simple predictions: anomalously slow Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous subsidence, which marks the syn-rift/post-rift transition, and two periods of accelerated post-rift subsidence during the Early Paleogene and Plio-Quaternary. Subsidence data from over 300 boreholes from several basins with different rifting histories on the Northwest European continental plate have been analysed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of these and other second-order subsidence anomalies. Uncertainties and errors in the observed subsidence calculations cannot explain the anomalous behaviour recognised. The periods of apparently anomalous subsidence are, instead, shown to be the result of geological or tectonic processes that modified either the subsidence history or record of subsidence of the basins studied. Apparent slow Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous subsidence in the North Sea was the result of well siting and sediment starvation. Analysis of wells from the downthrown side of normal faults in several basins reveals an excellent correlation between rapid subsidence (often >1000m in 10My) and active extension (as documented from other sources of geological information). This was obscured by intense sediment starvation (sedimentation rates <20m/My) in the Central North Sea during Late Jurassic times which generated the apparent subsidence anomaly. Sedimentation rate maps reveal an expansion of the area of sediment starvation during late Jurassic times and into the Early Cretaceous. Cretaceous to Recent sedimentation patterns were then dominated by the interplay between the location and erosion history of extra-basinal sediment source areas and the remnant underfilled Jurassic rift topography.
3
Lee, Jimin. "Earthquake site effect modeling in sedimentary basins using a 3-D indirect boundary element-fast multipole method." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
Find full text
4
Borge, Hans. "Fault controlled pressure modelling in sedimentary basins /." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1763.
Full textAbstract:
The starting point for this Dr. Ing. thesis was the requirement for models describing basin scale overpressure for use in basin modelling studies. It is necessary to identify, understand and describe both the generating mechanisms and the fluid flow in sedimentary basins in order to meet this requirement.
All of the models developed are based upon a study area consisting of fault bounded pressure compartments. A reservoir simulator has applied a lateral cross fault transmissibility model and by defining the overpressure history in some of the pressure compartments it has been possible to model the overpressure through geological time. A simpler model estimating the present day overpressure distribution based upon the same fault transmissibility model is developed. This model is able to provide a snapshot of the main present day pressure trends. This model has further been developed to a full pseudo 3D-pressure simulator including generation and dissipation of pressure through time. Due to the quantification of generation and dissipation of overpressure it is possible to model hydraulic fracturing and leakage through the overlying seals. In addition to the models describing the overpressure, an algorithm that converts the pressure compartments into a quadrangle grid system is developed.
The main part of the work in this thesis deals with quantifying basin scale generation and dissipation of overpressure. Different models are developed based upon the available literature and knowledge achieved during this work. All the models used are thoroughly described. The pressure simulator PRESSIM is developed in order to test, improve and reject different models. Several simulations of the overpressure history in the North Viking Graben and the Haltenbanken area offshore Norway are presented. The modelled overpressures are calibrated to the observed pressures revealed by exploration wells. In general, the results are very satisfactory due to relatively small deviations between the modelled and observed overpressures. The simulations provide an increased knowledge of the mechanisms generating and dissipating the overpressure and form a good basis for discussing the nature of the overpressure. In addition, the results suggest which mechanisms are the most important in the different parts of the basin. The pressure simulator PRESSIM can be used to test and verify alternative pressure generation models and flow descriptions in a basin. It is possible to model the position and timing of the hydraulic fracturing because the pressure simulations are based upon a water budget for each pressure compartment.
5
Ferrero, Charlie David. "Stochastic modelling of thermal histories in sedimentary basins." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408156.
Full text
6
Edwards, G. R. H. "Inverse modelling of extensional sedimentary basins and margins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598779.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, a fully depth-dependent 2D kinematic model of the lithosphere is developed. This forward model forms the basis of an inversion scheme capable of recovering the temporal and spatial strain rate history of a basin from present-day observed stratigraphic and subsidence data. The inversion scheme does not assume any a priori form for the strain rate distribution and unlike previous inversion schemes does not assume that the strain rate is invariant with depth (White and Bellingham, 2002). The depth-dependent inversion is applied to two sedimentary basins. Data from the Northern North Sea is used to benchmark the new code against the previous 2D inversion scheme and the Gulf of Suez is studied in detail using newly collated stratigraphic profiles from across the region. The Gulf of Suez is found to have stretched by 12-18 km in two rift phases at 23-18 Ma and 14-11 Ma. Depth-dependent stretching appears to be more important in the Southern Gulf than in the north. In the south, stretching factors beneath uplifted regions are higher in the mantle than in the crust. Data from three passive margins is also inverted. The inversion scheme provides little evidence for depth-dependent stretching in the Eastern Black Sea. However, the stratigraphic data from the Pearl River Mouth basin and Angolan Margin can be more faithfully reproduced when depth-dependent effects are included. In all cases, recovered strain rates and timings of rift events are consistent with published values. Using the inversion scheme developed within this dissertation allowed results to be obtained with no a priori assumptions about the form or timing of the rifting periods.
7
Podkhlebnik, Yvette. "Subsidence et régime thermique des bassins intracratoniques et des marges continentales passives = Subsidence and thermal regime of intracratonic basins and continental passive margins /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full text
8
Holt, Peter Jonathan. "Subsidence mechanisms of sedimentary basins developed over accretionary crust." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3584/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis uses forward modelling to investigate the formation of intercratonic basins upon accretionary crust. It began from the hypothesis that accretionary crust forms with a near normal thickness crust, but a thin lithosphere inherited from the terranes that compose it. After the accretion process has ceased the lithosphere stabilises and begins to cool, causing it to grow thicker and this in turn drives subsidence of the accretionary crust. A 1-D finite difference computer code was developed to model conductive heat flow through a column of cooling lithosphere and asthenosphere. To test the hypothesis, the subsidence produced by the modelling of this process was compared to the observed subsidence from backstripping numerous basins situated on accretionary crust The model produced a good fit to the subsidence in a detailed case study of two of the Palaeozoic basins in North Africa. The study was then extended to test the applicability of to accretionary crust globally. It found that while using measured values of the crust and lithospheric thickness for each region the model produced subsidence curves that matched the observed subsidence in each basin. It makes a more coherent argument for the formation of these basins that is able to explain a wider variety of features than other proposed subsidence mechanisms such as slow stretching or dynamic topography. These results suggest that such subsidence is an inherent property of accretionary crust which could influence the evolution of the continental crust over long time periods. The model was used to investigate the subsidence of the West Siberian Basin and found the subsidence patterns to be consistent with the decay of a plume head which thinned the lithosphere. This subsidence patterns indicate the plume material thinned the lithosphere over an area of 2.5 million km2 resulting in uplift before it cooled and subsided.
9
Yang, Xin-She. "Mathematical modelling of compaction and diagenesis in sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0bdc6c43-4534-4f08-97e2-8a33d6b13e61.
Full textAbstract:
Sedimentary basins form when water-borne sediments in shallow seas are deposited over periods of millions of years. Sediments compact under their own weight, causing the expulsion of pore water. If this expulsion is sufficiently slow, overpressuring can result, a phenomenon which is of concern in oil drilling operations. The competition between pore water expulsion and burial is complicated by a variety of factors, which include diagenesis (clay dewatering), and different modes (elastic or viscous) of rheological deformation via compaction and pressure solution, which may also include hysteresis in the constitutive behaviours. This thesis is concerned with models which can describe the evolution of porosity and pore pressure in sedimentary basins. We begin by analysing the simplest case of poroelastic compaction which in a 1-D case results in a nonlinear diffusion equation, controlled principally by a dimensionless parameter lambda, which is the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity to the sedimentation rate. We provide analytic and numerical results for both large and small lambda in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. We then put a more realistic rheological relation with hysteresis into the model and investigate its effects during loading and unloading in Chapter 5. A discontinuous porosity profile may occur if the unloaded system is reloaded. We pursue the model further by considering diagenesis as a dehydration model in Chapter 6, then we extend it to a more realistic dissolution-precipitation reaction-transport model in Chapter 7 by including most of the known physics and chemistry derived from experimental studies. We eventually derive a viscous compaction model for pressure solution in sedimentary basins in Chapter 8, and show how the model suggests radically different behaviours in the distinct limits of slow and fast compaction. When lambda << 1, compaction is limited to a basal boundary layer. When lambda >> 1, compaction occurs throughout the basin, and the basic equilibrium solution near the surface is a near parabolic profile of porosity. But it is only valid to a finite depth where the permeability has decreased sufficiently, and a transition occurs, marking a switch from a normally pressured environment to one with high pore pressures.
10
White, Adrian James. "Minimum stress and pore fluid pressure in sedimentary basins." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3879/.
Full textAbstract:
Leak-off pressures (LOPs) recorded during leak-off tests (LOTs) conducted down boreholes are often used to estimate the magnitude of the minimum stress (usually assumed to be horizontal – S(_h)) in the subsurface. However, the reliability of these tests has previously been questioned in the literature and the accuracy of the data obtained from them has been in doubt. Using original LOT data from Mid-Norway, this study has shown that through stringent quality control, good LOT data can be used to accurately constrain the magnitude of S(_h). Knowledge of the relationship between in-situ stress and pore pressures (Pp) in basins provides insights into their structure as well as having implications for well design and drilling safety. Using stress-depth plots to display S(_h) measurements from Mid-Norway and six further basins from around the world reveals a variability in the magnitude of Sh at all depths. Analyses show that rock mechanical properties or differences in the way LOTs are performed cannot explain this variability. Separate analysis of extended leak-off test (XLOT) data from Mid-Norway shows that variability in the magnitude of the LOP (most often used to calculate S(_h)) is inherent in the testing procedure. This inherence suggests either the variations in Sh are real (they represent basin heterogeneities) or that they result from a combination or rock mechanical and/or pumping pressure test parameters. Further use of multiple cycle XLOTs shows that using LOPs and instantaneous shut-in pressures (ISIPs) to calculate S(_h) produces similar results. Considering re-opening cycles of tests and those tests from greater depths shows the difference between the magnitude of Sh calculated using the LOP and ISIP is reduced. These same high quality data have been used to calculate the magnitude of the three principal stress from Mid-Norway and show the contemporary stress situation to be S(_h)
11
James, S. D. "Volcanism in sedimentary basins and its implications for mineralization." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379244.
Full text
12
Hippler, Susan Johanna. "Fault rock evolution and fluid flow in sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/516/.
Full textAbstract:
Structural studies have been undertaken in two extensional fault regimes associated with post-Caledonian basin-forming events in northern Scotland. A combination of detailed mapping and microstructural analysis has revealed the deformation processes and mechanisms involved in fault rock evolution and fluid flow associated with extensional faulting in upper crustal conditions. Intrabasinal fault rock evolution has been investigated in the Orcadian Basin, NE Scotland, which developed in Old Red Sandstone (ORS) times, soon after cessation of the Caledonian Orogeny. High pore fluid pressures developed in lower Middle ORS lacustrine facies sediments as a result of overpressuring due to rapid subsidence in the early stages of basin evolution. This facilitated gravity-driven movement of sediments in the hangingwalls of tilted half-grabens, resulting in the development of bedding parallel detachment horizons. These horizons contain shear sense indicators showing displacement to the W-WNW, whilst normal faults which detach onto these horizons show NW-SE extension directions. Microstructures indicate that displacement within the bedding parallel detachment horizons was accommodated by independent particulate flow processes in weakly lithified sediments. The Scapa Fault System was active in upper Middle ORS to Upper ORS times during deposition of the fluvial Scapa Sandstone. Microstructures in the Scapa Sandstone in the hangingwall of the North Scapa Fault indicate that this early faulting led to extreme grain size reduction by a combination of grain boundary and transgranular fracture processes. The cataclasis, together with subsequent precipitation of illite cement up to one metre from the fault plane resulted in the sealing of the fault early in the diagenetic history of the sediment. Subsequent uplift of the Orcadian Basin, most probably during Carboniferous times, resulted in a range of inversion geometries. In the lower Middle ORS lacustrine facies rocks, thrusts exploited the bedding parallel detachment horizons, and folds and reverse faults developed as a result of buttressing against the earlier normal faults. The presence of vein arrays associated with these later reverse faults suggests the existence of high pore fluid pressures. Bitumen in these veins indicates the mobility of hydrocarbons at the time of deformation. The North Scapa Fault was reactivated in a sinistral, oblique-slip sense during the inversion event. Fracture arrays and narrow cataclastic zones outside the previously developed sealed domain provided pathways for the migration of mature hydrocarbons. The East Scapa Fault reactivated in a reverse sense, and also contains fault rocks which record the presence of hydrocarbons at this time. Permo-Carboniferous dykes on Orkney are deformed during later dextral movements on the Great Glen fault system, which further reactivated the East Scapa Fault in a (dextral) transtensional sense. The development of fault rocks along the East Scapa Fault at this time is complex and heterogeneous, and is dependent on fault geometry and kinematics. Basin-margin faults exposed on the NW Scottish Mainland are most probably related to extension during evolution of the Minch Basin to the west of Scotland. The steeply-dipping extensional faults cut through Caledonian thrust sheets in Sango Bay, Durness. The resulting cataclastic deformation in a quartzite with an originally mylonitic microstructure has allowed assessment of the influence of initial microstructure on the cataclastic grain size reduction processes. The evolution of the fault rocks in terms of clast size, and clast/matrix ratios is not a simple function of displacement magnitude on the faults. Detalied microstructural investigation in the quartzite thrust sheet reveals a range of cataclastic fault rocks, from clast dominated microbreccias to matrix dominated ultracataclasites. The recrystallised grain size and the sub-grain size in the original mylonite appear to control the development of the fine-grained matrix in the microbreccias and cataclasites by locating fracture along grain and sub-grain boundaries. Further grain size reduction generating the ultracataclasites and the finer-grained matrix zones in the microbreccias is dominated by transgranular fracturing. The host rock clasts present in the fault zones in the quartzite show a significant increase in dislocation density indicating that a component of low temperature crystal plasticity is associated with the faulting. In addition, the fault rocks show evidence of partial cementation by the growth of quartz and carbonate cements. This emphasises the importance of fluids during healing of the fault zone.
13
Matthews, Laura. "Controls on sedimentary facies architecture in evolving salt basins." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499030.
Full text
14
Rahman, Mohammad Wahidur Uddin Ashraf. "Sedimentation and tectonic evolution of Cenozoic sequences from Bengal and Assam foreland basins, eastern Himalayas." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Geology_and_Geography/Thesis/Rahman_Mohammad_54.pdf.
Full text
15
Paganoni, Matteo. "Controls on the distribution of gas hydrates in sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6887b849-5668-4510-bc15-c416044dd043.
Full textAbstract:
Natural gas hydrates store a substantial portion of the Earth's organic carbon, although their occurrence is restricted by thermobaric boundaries and the availability of methane-rich fluids. The complexity of geological systems and the multiphase flow processes promoting hydrate formation can result in a mismatch between the predicted and the observed hydrate distribution. The purpose of this research is to achieve a better comprehension of the factors that influence the distribution of gas hydrates and the mechanism of fluid movements beneath and across the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Therefore, this study integrates seismic, petrophysical and geochemical data from different gas hydrate provinces. This work provides evidence that hydrates can occur below bottom-simulating reflectors, in the presence of sourcing thermogenic hydrocarbons. The relationship between fluid-escape pipes and gas hydrates is further explored, and pipe-like features are suggested to host a significant volume of hydrates. The host lithology also represents a critical factor influencing hydrate and free gas distribution and, in evaluating a natural gas hydrate system, needs to be considered in conjunction with the spatial variability in the methane supply. The three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate deposits in coarse-grained sediments, representing the current target for hydrate exploration, is shown to be correlated with that of the underlying free gas zone, reflecting sourcing mechanisms dominated by a long-range advection. In such systems, the free gas invasion into the GHSZ appears controlled by the competition between overpressure and sealing capacity of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments. Globally, the thickness of the free gas zones is regulated by the methane supply and by different multi-phase flow processes, including fracturing, capillary invasion and possibly diffusion. In conclusion, this research indicates that geological, fluid flow and stability factors interweave at multiple scales in natural gas hydrate systems.
16
Watkinson, Matthew Philip. "Triassic to Middle Jurassic sequences from the Lusitanian Basin Portugal, and their equivalents in other North Atlantic margin basins." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330105.
Full text
17
Linol, Bastien. "Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Congo and Kalahari basins of South Central Africa and their evolution during the formation and break-up of West Gondwana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012148.
Full textAbstract:
The high elevated (ca. 1100 m) continental Kalahari Basin (KB) of southern Africa and the linked lower lying (ca. 400 m) Congo Basin (CB) of central Africa preserve in their interiors extensive sedimentary rock sequences and sediments that represent a unique record of the Phanerozoic geodynamic and climatic evolution of sub-Saharan Africa. In this thesis, field observations and new borehole data from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Botswana are integrated with new paleontology and geochronology to present a substantially revised stratigraphy for the CB, and south-central Africa in general. This work also introduces a new multiphase model for the subsidence and uplift history of the CB, and improves correlations with the Cape-Karoo Basin (CKB) of South Africa and the Paraná Basin (PB) of south-east Brazil. Four deep boreholes, each between 2 and 4.5 km deep, drilled in the centre of the CB in the 1950’s and 1970’s are re-examined together with the colonial literature (in French) and available seismic data. This stratigraphic and basin analysis is complemented with new U-Pb dates of detrital zircons from core-samples of two of the boreholes (Samba and Dekese), as well as from samples collected during field work in the Kwango region of the south-west DRC. This work, for the first time, constrains the maximum ages and source provenances of the successions in the CB. Following the Pan African orogens (ca. 650-530 Ma), extensive sequences of red beds were deposited by regional paleocurrents to the south. These are now best preserved (1 km thick) along the West Congo, Oubanguides, and Lufilian Belts surrounding the CB. Overlying a hiatus that represents most of the early-Paleozoic, is a 1 to 3 km thick succession of easterly derived glacial, and then continental sequences of the Karoo Supergroup. This succession records the first main episode of subsidence [10-15 m/Ma], interrupted by a phase of uplift that is likely related to far-field intracontinental deformation within Gondwana supercontinent during the Variscan and Cape Fold orogenies (ca. 250-330 Ma) at its peripheries. Detrital zircons from the lower Karoo diamictites are dated at 1.85-2.05 Ga and 1.37- 1.42 Ga, and thus sourced from Paleoproterozoic (Eburnean) and mid-Mesoproterozoic (Kibaran type-I) basement rocks in Uganda and Tanzania. Zircons from all the other successions in the CB date predominantly at 950-1050 Ma and 500-800 Ma. These are derived from sediment recycling of late-Mesoproterozoic (Kibaran type-II) and late- Neoproterozoic (Pan African) sources in the Central African Republic (CAR) and Chad. A distinct unconformity across the Karoo Supergroup in the CB is overlain by 500- 1000 m Jurassic-Cretaceous sequences, here named the Congo Supergroup. During initial rapid subsidence [10-50 m/Ma], late-Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) shallow marine to continental sedimentation attests to a short transgression of proto-Indian Ocean waters into the northern CB (at 160 m above present day sea-level), succeeded by widespread deposition of aeolian dunes that extend from the southern CB to the PB in South America. The youngest zircons from these aeolian sediments in the CB date at 190 Ma and 240-290 Ma, and most likely indicate the influence of extensive silicic volcanic ash derived from the proto-Andes along the south-western margin of Gondwana. Two superimposed mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) lacustrine sequences in the central CB record a succeeding, slower [10-15 m/Ma], phase of basin subsidence during the opening of the South Atlantic (ca. 85-135 Ma). These Cretaceous sequences are in turn truncated by another regional peneplanation surface covered by Cenozoic (Eocene) silcretized sands and alluviums of the Kalahari Group, only 50-250 m thick in the centre of the CB. Southward, on top of the Kalahari Plateau in the central desert region of north-west Botswana, new boreholes intercepted laterally equivalent condensed lacustrine carbonates and calcretes (20-50 m thick) covered by sands. These terrestrial sequences are key archives of late-Mesozoic – Cenozoic paleo-climate changes, yet they remain stratigraphically unresolved. This new analysis of the Phanerozoic continental basins of south-central Africa and their equivalents in South America, opens a fresh continental-scale window into how West Gondwana break-up and concomitant epeirogenic uplifts of Kalahari (>2 km) and Congo (>200 m) are linked to interactions between the lithosphere and mantle geodynamics, and how these processes likely affected global climate changes.
18
Sobczak, Katarzyna. "Investigating far-field tectonic events as drivers of provenance change in sedimentary basins." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132493/1/Katarzyna_Sobczak_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis greatly enhanced our understanding of the continental-scale links between sedimentary basins and far-field tectonic processes. A novel, multi-method approach was used to reveal a previously unknown, major mountain building event in southwest Queensland that fundamentally altered the history of the Drummond Basin in central Queensland. An unusually large river system was identified, which transported the gravel and sand across the basin from a distant source region. This thesis has provided new insights into the mid-Paleozoic geological history of the Australian continent, established new approaches to tracing the origin of sediment and resolving the complex histories of sedimentary basins.
19
Uttamo, Wutti. "Structural and sedimentological evolution of Tertiary sedimentary basins in northern Thailand." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249622.
Full text
20
Richards, Andrew John. "An integrated approach to three-dimensional computer modelling of sedimentary basins." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311738.
Full text
21
Monson, Bryan J. G. "Aspects of hydrocarbon migration and hydrocarbon-metal interactions in sedimentary basins." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333838.
Full text
22
Ward, Nicholas I. P. "Subtle traps in sedimentary basins and their importance to hydrocarbon exploration." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/113131/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis uses high-quality 3D seismic data from the Broad Fourteens Basin (Southern North Sea), Espírito Santo Basin (SE Brazil), and Taranaki Basin (New Zealand) to characterise the evolution of geological structures related to differential compaction and subsidence; also known as subtle hydrocarbon traps. Each chapter tackles deformation over a different geological feature, spanning from salt-withdrawal basins, to submarine channel complexes and associated mass-transport deposits. These chapters subsequently discuss the impact the results have on the hydrocarbon industry. Included in these discussions are the importance of subtle traps on carbon capture and storage, local sealing potential, and reservoir distribution. The Broad Fourteens Basin dataset was used to investigate concentric faults associated with salt withdrawal from below Triassic units. Throw-depth and throw-distance plots helped to understand the growth histories of the concentric faults. It was shown that these faults formed as a result of the bending of strata due to differential subsidence during salt withdrawal. Slip tendency analyses assessed the likelihood for faults to reactivate and transmit fluids whenever pore fluid pressure is increased. This approach simulated a typical profile during carbon capture and storage. It was shown that concentric faults will reactivate if pore fluid pressures are increased above 30 MPa at the relevant sub-surface depths, leaking fluids (including stored CO2) past regional seal intervals in the basin. Data from the Espírito Santo Basin were first used to assess the timing and magnitude of differential compaction over a submarine channel complex. Thickness-relief models helped quantify both the variations in thickness in overburden strata. Smaller channels associated with downslope knickpoints were located within the channel complex. Differential compaction over channels produced four-way dip closures, as coarse-grained sediments were deposited at the knickpoint base. These provide adequate structural traps after early burial. The Espírito Santo Basin 3D survey was used in a third chapter to assess how differential compaction affected sediment distribution over a mass-transport deposit. As large remnant and rafted blocks entrained within the MTD were buried, differential compaction produced anticlines over them. This created a rugged seafloor and the topographic highs confined sediment moving downslope, allowing it to pond in discrete depocentres. Results from the data analysis chapters were compared with compaction-related structures documented in the published literature. A novel classification for subtle structural traps associated with differential compaction was produced, separating each feature into one of four types; Type A: folds over tectonic structures >2 km wide; Type B: folds over sedimentary packages, typically elongate, ~500 m to 5 km wide; Type C: folds over topographic features that are 20 m to 2 km wide; Type D: folds over sub-seismic/outcrop features no larger than 20 m. The results of the classification can be used as a first assessment when recognising a compaction-related fold and to rapidly assess its evolution and effectiveness as a subtle hydrocarbon trap.
23
Collier, Richard E. Ll. "Sedimentary facies evolution in Continental fault-bounded basins formed by crustal extension : the Corinth Basin, Greece." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2616/.
Full textAbstract:
Characteristic half-graben and graben geometries are generated by extensional tectonics. The sedimentary infill to such basins reflects their structural evolution. The actively extending basins of central Greece have provided an opportunity to study the mechanisms that control sediment distribution and the resultant facies patterns and geometries produced in such environments. The modern and precedent Neogene to Quaternary sediments studied, and their controlling processes, provide predictive templates for the analysis of controls acting upon ancient extensional basin fills. On a basinwide scale, facies patterns are controlled by the geometry of major basin-controlling normal faults and by the structural level of the basin - determining alluvial, lacustrine or marine environments. Increments of movement on normal faults tilt and vertically displace the depositional surface, producing facies responses in terms of fluvial/submarine channel avulsion or preferential migration into topographic lows, lake or sea coastline advance or retreat across the depositional slope, and the progradation of clastic wedges off fault scarps and uplifted areas. The time-averaged product in the stratigraphic record is typically of clinoforms developed preferentially against basin margin faults and axial channel systems concentrated in the structurally constrained depocentre(s). Such gross morphologies are seen in the Lower Pliocene early rift history of the Corinth asymmetric graben; conglomerate-dominated fan deltas and alluvial fans prograded laterally into the basin. The progradation of an ophiolite-derived, fluvio-deltaic system along the basin axis illustrates the competition of sediment supply rates with tectonic subsidence rates in determining facies geometries. A number of other controls on sediment distribution are variously important through time within extensional basins, in addition to structuration and sediment supply rates (itself a function of hinterland litho-type and structural evolution). These include eustatic and climatic variation and compactional subsidence rates. The Corinth Isthmus has been studied with the aim of establishing the interaction of concurrent tectonic and eustatic relative base-level changes. Computer-modelling of the migration of a coastline through theoretical stratigraphic sections illustrates the effects of varying rates of change of sea-level, tectonic subsidence (or uplift) and deposition with time. Incorporation of the global sea-level curve for the Late Quaternary into such models reasonably predicts observed facies geometries in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of the Isthmus. U-series disequilibrium dating of corals from the Corinth Canal area has constrained transgressive beach sub-sequences as reflecting c. 100,000 year wavelength eustatic cycles. After subtraction of depositional levels constrained in time and space against the sea-level curve, an average net uplift rate is derived for the central Isthmus of more than 0.3m per 1000 years. The areal distribution of Late Pleistocene marine facies in the southern Corinth Basin is principally controlled by the structural form and evolution at time of deposition. Subsequent tilt block faulting in an alluvial environment illustrates how intrabasinal fault block morphologies may generate axial and lateral sediment transport systems analagous to those on a basinwide scale. The competition between process rates is emphasized. Three- dimensional sedimentary facies patterns within evolving syn-rift basins are shown to be dependent upon the interaction of three principal factors: a) the rate of tectonic displacements through time, on both basinwide and local fault block scales, b) the rate of sea-level change through time (or lake-level change, whether determined by tectonic or climatic means), and c) the rate of deposition at any locality, itself a function of hinterland structure and lithology, climate and depositional geometries.
24
Purvis, Martin. "The late Tertiary-Recent tectonic-sedimentary evolution of extensional sedimentary basins of the northern Menderes massif, West Turkey." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12815.
Full textAbstract:
Tethyan suture zones commonly undergo a change from compression to extension shortly after suturing. The mechanics and timing of this change in tectonic regime are poorly understood, and the extensional sedimentary basins of west Turkey, and , in particular, the northern Menderes massif, provide an excellent natural laboratory for the study of the crustal response to these different processes. During this study, field observations of sedimentary, structural and lithological features of the Alasehir Graben, Gördes and Selendi Basins, and their surroundings were combined with new radiometric age data to investigate the onset of N/S crustal extension in west Turkey. This timing of initiation has major implications for the driving mechanism of extension, since alternative models are time dependant. Extension driven by tectonic escape of west Anatolia requires extension to have begun in the Late Miocene, whilst extension driven by orogenic collapse of thickened crust in the region, and extension related to subduction roll-back both are postulated to have commenced in the Early Miocene. Extension in the northern Menderes massif took place on large-scale, presently low-angle (<20°), north-dipping normal (detachment) faults. Two separate detachment basin systems are recognised in the study area. The Gördes and Selendi Basins both trend NE/SW and formed by extension on the same northerly detachment system. This detachment has a strongly corrugated morphology when viewed parallel to extension, with a wavelength of ~30 km and an amplitude of ~1.5 km. The corrugations form the eastern and western margins of the Gördes and Selendi Basins and have produced 'scoop-shaped' depocentres and their characteristic NE/SW basin trend. No upper plate metamorphic lithologies are exposed within the basins and the total extension on the detachment fault system is in excess of 60 km. Syn-extensional sedimentation in the form of coarse alluvial fan conglomerates were deposited from south to north, and subsequently back rotated and tectonically emplaced against the detachment as a result of continuing extension. The initial sediments were followed by northward transported, braided-fluvial to alluvial-plain sandstones and conglomerates. These sediments unconformably overlie the syn-extensional deposits and passively onlap the basin margins.
25
Paquet, Fabien. "Evolution morphostructurale des bassins de marge active en subduction : l'exemple du bassin avant arc de Hawke Bay en Nouvelle-Zélande = Morphostructural evolution of active subduction margin basins : the example of the Hawke Bay forearc basin, New Zealand /." Rennes : CNRS, Université de Rennes, 2008. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20080225.224857.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- l'Université de Rennes, 2007."Thése de Doctorat de l'Université de Rennes 1 réalisée en co-tutelle avec l'Université de Canterbury (Christchurch, Nouvelle-Zélande)." "Soutenue le 9 novembre 2007." Includes bibliographical references. Also available via WWW.
26
Hoang, Long Van. "Cenozoic climate-tectonic interactions preserved in the Song Hong-Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Sedimentary Basins, South China Sea." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=137011.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I present new results based on 2D multi-channel seismic data of the Song Hong-Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basins, geochemical data derived from ODP Site 1148, and sediment provenance analysis of modern sediment and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks collected along the Red River system. The Song Hong-Yinggehai Basin started opening after ~50 Ma but strong subsidence, triggered by motion on the Red River Fault, only occurred after ~34 Ma. This process was followed by thermal subsidence after ~21 Ma. In contrast, the formation the Qiongdongnan Basin is believed to be related to the development of the northern rifted margin of the South China Sea. Sediment budget estimates, coupled with geochemical data show that chemical weathering gradually decreased after ~25 Ma, while physical erosion became stronger. These data also suggest a period of the monsoon enhancement (~15-10 Ma), although with a likely initial East Asia monsoon strengthening ~23 Ma. U-Pb zircon dating coupled with Hf isotopes, muscovite Ar-Ar dating, bulk sediment Nd isotope and heavy mineral analysis allow me to draw the following points: (1) if the headwaters of the modern Yangtze, Mekong and Salween Rivers were ever connected to the palaeo-Red River then they were disconnected from the Red River no later than the Middle Miocene; (2) The palaeo-Red River flowed northeast of the Day Nui Con Voi during the Miocene and did not flow via Lao Cai and southwest of the range as it is observed today; (3) the Yangtze Craton and the Songpan Garze Block are the most important source regions to the Red River; (4) apart from the main Red River trunk, the Lo River is the most important sediment contributor to the Red River system, while the Da River is only a minor contributor.
27
Spurgeon, V. Leanne. "Sedimentology of historic and prehistoric deposits in the drainage basin of Deep River and Muddy Creek on the Piedmont of North Carolina." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1268.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 152 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-64).
28
Xie, Xiangyang. "Sedimentary record of Mesozoic intracontinental deformation in the south Ordos Basin, China." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1483471401&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
29
Vallini, Daniela Alessandra. "The formation of authigenic xenotime in Proterozoic sedimentary basins : petrography, age and geochemistry." University of Western Australia. Geology and Geophysics Discipline Group, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0070.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] The realization in 1999 that the authigenic phosphate, xenotime, could be used in geochronological studies to place age constraints on burial events that affected sedimentary basins has opened numerous opportunities for establishing timeframes for sedimentary basin analysis. Since then, the mineral has been used to place new and novel age constraints on diagenesis, metamorphism, and hydrothermal alteration and mineralization events. Whilst these studies were successful, they identified many complexities in xenotime growth and were restricted to specific areas or single basins: they do not convey, demonstrate or explore the immense variety of geological applications in which xenotime may provide unique geochronological constraints. This thesis explores the nature of authigenic xenotime, utilizing studies in three different Proterozoic sedimentary basins: two in Australia, southwestern Australia and the Northern Territory, and the third in the United States of America. The thesis includes a number of discrete studies demonstrating different aspects of xenotime growth, elucidated from detailed petrography, geochronology and geochemistry of authigenic xenotime. An integrated textural, geochemical and geochronological study of authigenic xenotime from the Mt Barren Group, SW Australia, establishes an absolute timescale on some of the many processes involved during the diagenesis of siliciclastic units. ... positions and trends and broadly confirm the chemical discrimination criteria established for an Archaean basin. However, the Proterozoic data are shifted to lower Gd-Dy values and extend beyond the original field outlines, causing more overlap between fields intended to discriminate xenotimes of different origin. The plots were revised to encompass the new data. This study has significantly extended our knowledge of the nature of authigenic xenotime. It was found that xenotime may form in (meta)sediments in response to a large number of post-depositional processes, including early- and latediagenesis, (multiple) basinal hydrothermal events and low-grade metamorphism. A combination of detailed petrography and in situ geochronology provides the best avenue to decipher complex growth histories in xenotime. With further development, it is likely that xenotime geochemistry will also prove diagnostic of origin and can be incorporated into the interpretation of age data. The number of potential applications for xenotime geochronology has been expanded by this study.
30
Piqué, Altés Gemma. "Analysis of hydro-sedimentary processes and impacts affecting river basins and channels." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405448.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi estudia la dinàmica hidro-sedimentària de rius mediterranis, tant ‘naturals’ com regulats per preses. Amb aquest objectiu, s’ha realizat un estudi a escala multi-temporal i multi-espacial, que inclou treball de camp en trams de riu representatius, l’anàlisi de dades a nivell de conca, i experiments en canals de laboratori. L’alteració hidrològica aigües avall dels embassaments s’ha observat a diferents escales temporals, afectant notablement la magnitud i freqüència de les crescudes. A nivell sedimentari, s’observa un dèficit de sediments, fet que facilita l’establiment de biofilm i que, a la vegada, afavoreix l’estabilització del llit del riu. A més, l’emmagatzematge temporal de sediments a la llera modula el balanç i regula l’entrada de sediments en embassaments. La tesi mostra els efectes d’un conjunt d’activitats antròpiques en procesos fluvials i com això altera les interaccions bio-físiques del riu, i posa èmfasi en la necessitat d’una gestió contínua per la preservació dels ecosistemes fluvials.Esta tesis estudia la dinámica hidro-sedimentaria de ríos mediterráneos, tanto ‘naturales’ como regulados por presas. Con este objetivo, se ha realizado un estudio a escala multi-temporal y multi-espacial, que incluye trabajo de campo en tramos de río representativos, análisis de datos a nivel de cuenca, y experimentos en canales de laboratorio. La alteración hidrológica aguas abajo de los embalses se ha observado a diferentes escalas temporales, afectando notablemente la magnitud y frecuencia de las crecidas. A nivel sedimentario, se observa un déficit de sedimentos, lo que facilita el establecimiento de biofilm y, a la vez, favorece la estabilización del lecho del río. Además, el almacenamiento temporal de sedimentos en el lecho modula el balance y regula la entrada de sedimentos en embalses. La tesis muestra los efectos de un conjunto de actividades antrópicas en procesos fluviales y en la alteración en las interacciones bio-físicas del río, y enfatiza la necesidad de una gestión continua para la preservación de los ecosistemas fluviales.
This PhD thesis studies hydro-sedimentary dynamics in Mediterranean rivers, both in ‘natural’ and in dammed rivers. For this purpose, a multi-temporal and spatial research was carried out, including field measurements in representative river reaches, data analysis at the basin scale, and experiments in artificial streams. The hydrological alteration downstream from dams was documented at different temporal scales, notably affecting the magnitude and frequency of floods. Regarding sediments, a severe deficit was observed below dams, a fact that facilitates the establishment of biofilm which, in turn, favours river bed stabilisation. Moreover, the study shows how in-channel storage influences the river sediment budget and regulates sediment input in reservoirs. The thesis examines the effects of a suit of human activities on fluvial processes and how this alter rivers’ bio-physical interactions, and emphasises the need of continuous monitoring of all these processes to achieve a sound management of fluvial ecosystems.
31
Seidel, Markus. "Tectono-sedimentary evolution of middle Miocene supra detachment basins (western Crete, Greece)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968306713.
Full text
32
Smith, Christopher. "The evolution of sedimentary basins in the Celtic Sea - Western Approaches area." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325579.
Full text
33
Nollet, Sofie [Verfasser]. "Fracture sealing processes in sedimentary basins - a multi-scale approach / Sofie Nollet." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1170532799/34.
Full text
34
Fordham, Alexandra M. "Development of a dryland specific sedimentary facies evolution model for extensional basins." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439986.
Full textAbstract:
Existing facies models of rift basin evolution are biased towards humid climatic regimes. This study uses geomorphic and sedimentologic observations from the actively extending, arid to semi-arid Basin and Range Province, Western U.S.A., to critically assess the applicability of the existing models to dryland regions. This was achieved by documenting the range of landscape responses to extensional tectonism in drylands, with the subsequent development of a revised, dryland specific, extensional basin facies evolution model. The geomorphic and sedimentologic character of six representative modern basins was mapped, and their facies proportions calculated. Key observations are the rarity of well-integrated exogenic fluvial systems and the resulting dominance of sediments issuing out of transverse catchments. The landscape maturity of the basins was quantified in order to compare their facies distributions within an evolutionary framework, serving as a proxy for rift phase. Syn to post rift facies evolution is characterised by: 1) a progression with drainage evolution from mixed debris and stream flow to stream flow dominated processes in marginally derived alluvium; 2) the inundation of playa facies as marginal facies prograde into increasingly central positions; 3) the resultant loss of facies asymmetry; 4) increasingly homogenised basinal facies, as longer sediment residence times at the surface allow for greater potential reworking; 5) a reduction in marginal catchment relief. Observations from the modern basins were tested against the Miocene to Recent post rift basin fill of the Virgin River Depression. Existing models suggest the dominance of axial fluvial sedimentation throughout the life of extensional basins. Findings of this study show that longitudinal fluvial sedimentation in dryland basins is, however, limited and if present, more likely to be restricted to the later, post rift stages of basin evolution.
35
Hanne, Detlef. "A study of extensional sedimentary basins using 1D and 2D subsidence modelling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619723.
Full text
36
Hirst, Catherine Mary. "The geothermal potential of low enthalpy deep sedimentary basins in the UK." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11979/.
Full textAbstract:
Low enthalpy geothermal resources located within deep Permian and post-Permian sedimentary basins across the UK are estimated to contain at least 300 EJ (x1018 J) of heat, sufficient if fully developed to supply all heating needs in the UK for the next century. The geothermal heat estimate is based on data held within the Geothermal Catalogue (Busby, 2010). A source of deep well data not included in the Geothermal Catalogue is held by the oil and gas industry; access to this data has allowed new geothermal research to be undertaken to re-evaluate and constrain an existing geothermal resource (the Cheshire Basin), and to evaluate a previously un-quantified resource (the East Midlands). These areas were determined based on the availability of oil and gas well data. Data relating to the East Midlands indicate the total available extractable heat from produced oil and co-produced water located in Carboniferous sediments totals 2.64 MWt. In the Welton Field water from non-oil bearing horizons are factored in; the extractable heat increases from 0.91 MWt to 1.6 MWt. The Cheshire Basin uses the offshore East Irish Sea Basin as an analogue to better constrain the aquifer properties of the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group (SSG) and Permian Collyhurst Sandstone Group (CS). It also assesses the connectivity of these Groups across the basin. The Helsby Sandstone Formation (part of the SSG) will likely exhibit a minimum transmissivity of 4.26 D m alone. Data for the CS were inconclusive due to diverging porosity trends between the basins; transmissivity could be on average 0.13 D m or 3.85 D m with resulting flow rates of 47.7 m3 d-1 or 1431 m3 d-1. Factoring in reservoir stimulation is deemed necessary if the CS is to be targeted. The connectivity of the basin is restricted by large N-S orientated largely cemented faults, restricting flow in an E W orientation. In addition the connectivity is further affected by facies heterogeneity and diagenesis; this increases tortuosity that may be advantageous in a geothermal context. The work is pertinent given the UK’s commitment to the Kyoto Protocol and Renewable Energy Directive. Geothermal technologies are low CO2 emitters, are non-intermittent, unobtrusive, do not attract large emission-based taxes, have long (~25 year) lifespans and have minimal post-use clean up costs. The uptake of geothermal resource within the UK still remains low, however, indicating barriers to uptake exist. Technical barriers (i.e. those relating to drilling of the well, geology, flow rates and temperature) are not limiting uptake. Non-technical barriers relating to lack of risk insurance schemes and longer payback times owing to the relative value of hot water versus petroleum are identified as restricting factors to the uptake of geothermal resources. Geothermal energy development in the UK is still in its infancy and work such as this only strengthens the case for investment. The potential for geothermal resource exploitation to offset the conventional energy consumed to produce heat is sizeable; no other renewable technology has the capacity to deliver heat that low enthalpy geothermal offers.
37
Smith, Stuart A. "The phanerozoic basin-fill history of the Roebuck Basin /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs6615.pdf.
Full text
38
Ojongokpoko, Hanson Mbi. "Porosity and permeability distribution in the deep marine play of the central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1341_1189600798.
Full textAbstract:
This study described porosity and permeability distribution in the deep marine play of the central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa using methods that include thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, in order to characterize their porosity and permeability distributions, cementation and clay types that affect the porosity and permeability distribution. The study included core samples from nine wells taken from selected depths within the Basin.
39
Unlugenc, Ulvi Can. "Controls on Cenozoic sedimentation in the Adana Basin, southern Turkey." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320244.
Full text
40
Hill, Clement Michael. "The magnitude of sediment delivery within a rivers drainage basin on the tropical coast of north east Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1993. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37120/1/37120_Hill_1993.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The 530 km2 South Johnstone River catchment was the focus of a detailed investigation into sediment erosion and depositional processes. The area is subject to some of the highest rainfall totals in Australia with very intense storms and tropical cyclones.
The catchment is divided almost equally into three topographical regions, the eastern coastal plain, the lower erosion surface and the middle erosion surface. The latter comprise granite, metamorphic and basalt bedrock forming a deeply incised, mountainous region abutting the Atherton tableland. The coastal plain is up to 14 km wide and comprises rich cropping soils derived from alluvium and basalt.
This study aimed to determine the sediment delivery from the catchment and erosional and depositional processes occurring within the catchment.
Methods used in the is study included sediment sampling and grainsize analysis, sediment textural analysis, water sampling for suspended sediment, catchment scale computer modelling and GIS applications.
Results obtained from this study include the determination of a catchment sediment delivery ratio of 52 % comprising greater than 80 % silt and clay sized sediment.
Long term average catchment sediment yield is 165900 t a-1• Mean catchment erosion rate is 3 t ha-1 a-1•
These findings are significantly higher than previous estimates of catchment sediment yield. The high content of fine grained sediment b.eing delivered from caneland catchments poses a significant offshore risk in terms of water quality and is a potential hazard to the Great Barrier Reef.
41
Amansure, Giovanni Ricardo. "Source rock characterization of the organic rich intervals of the Taranaki Basin, Offshore New Zealand." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5057.
Full textAbstract:
>Magister Scientiae - MScThe Taranaki Basin is a large (ca. 330,000 km²) sedimentary basin found along the west coast of the northern island of New Zealand. The basin lies partly onshore but mostly offshore below the broad continental shelf to the west of central North Island. The Taranaki Basin is the first sedimentary basin to be explored in New Zealand and is currently New Zealand’s only hydrocarbon producing basin, with approximately 418 million barrels (MMbbl) of oil and 6190 billion cubic feet (bcf) of gas produced by the end of 2011. Most of New Zealand’s known oil and gas accumulations are geochemically typed to coaly facies of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene ages. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the source rock quality of the organic rich intervals of the Taranaki Basin, namely, the Wainui Member of the North Cape Formation and the Rakopi Formation. The Rakopi Formation comprises terrestrially deposited coal measures, while the North Cape Formation is generally composed of marine rocks. These Formations make up the Pakawau Group. The objective will be achieved using two key methods. Firstly, the derivation of TOC logs using Passey’s log overlay method (Passey et al., 1990) and secondly, the generation of source rock quality maps (i.e. source rock richness mapping and source potential index mapping). This will integrate concepts relating to petrophysical wireline logs, seismic interpretation, core log information, geochemical analysis, depth mapping and isopach mapping. The results obtained from this study confirms the petroleum potential of the organic rich intervals of the Taranaki Basin. Using Passey’s method it was shown that excellent average percent TOC values are encountered for both the Wainui Member of the North Cape Formation and the Rakopi Formation. From source potential index mapping, it can be concluded that the Rakopi formation has a high source potential index (>1000SPI) on the continental shelf, which indicates that it has excellent potential for petroleum generation. The Wainui Member however, shows less potential for petroleum generation on the shelf, this being attributed to generally low net thicknesses on the shelf.
42
Rodriguez, Luis Oswaldo. "Tectonic analysis, stratigraphy and depositional history of the Miocene sedimentary section, Central Eastern Venezuela basin /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full text
43
Mondon, Jean-Luc Andre. "Analysis of the tectonic and basin evolution of the seychelles microcontinent during the mesozoic to cenozoic, based on seismic and well data." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4386.
Full textAbstract:
The Seychelles Microcontinent (SMc) is a fragment of continental lithosphere that experienced multiple phases of rifting and thermal subsidence during its isolation and submergence within the Indian Ocean. Originally part of central Gondwana, along with India and Madagascar, the SMc first emerged during Mesozoic fragmentation of Gondwana (ca. 220 – 180 Ma) along a complex rifted margin. Fragmentation involved three major rift phases, viz.: 1) Middle Triassic – Middle Jurassic (Rift I), associated with the “Karoo rifts” and break-up between [India-Madagascar-Seychelles] and East Africa; 2) Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous (Rift II), associated with the rifting and break-up of Madagascar from [India-Seychelles]; 3) Late Cretaceous (Rift III), associated with the rifting and final break-away of the SMc from India. In this study, the tectonic and sedimentary history of the SMc is analysed using 2D seismic reflection datasets and three exploration wells. Seismic to well-log correlations provide a chrono-stratigraphic framework that identifies seven sequences from the Middle Triassic to the Paleogene. This also identified horst and graben structures related to the extensional tectonics and thermal subsidence of this continental fragment. The latter is reflected also in changes of its litho-facies preserved on the SMc, from terrestrial to marine. The oldest sedimentary rocks identified on the SMc are Middle Triassic organic rich claystones (Sequence 7, Rift I), which grade upwards into alternating Upper Triassic sandstones and mudstones (Sequence 6, Rift I) followed by upward coarsening Lower Jurassic mudstones to sandstone units (Sequence 5, Rift I). These sequences are interpreted as lacustrine facies that evolved into fluvial channel migration facies and finally into progradational delta front facies. Sequence 5 is overlain by Middle Jurassic oolitic limestones that grade upwards into organic rich mudstones (Sequence 4, thermal subsidence after Rift I); the latter are interpreted as restricted-marginal marine deposits. Following Sequence 4, separated by a major break-up unconformity (BU), are the Upper Cretaceous open marine deposits comprising limestones, claystones and sandstones, and terminated with basaltic volcanics (ca. 66 Ma) prior to the separation of the SMc from India (Sequence 3, Rift III). This is overlain by the post-rift – thermal subsidence sequences comprising open marine claystones and shelf limestones (Sequence 2) followed by a sequence of shelf limestones (Sequence 1) that form the present carbonate platform, the Seychelles Plateau that lies approximately 200 m below the present sea-level. Backstripping and subsidence analysis quantifies 3 stages of subsidence; Phase A: Slow subsidence (ca. 5-20 m/Ma), from the Middle Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous that terminated during a major marine transgression during ingression of the Tethys Sea between East Africa and [Madagascar-Seychelles-India]. This created marine conditions and the subsequent deposition of Sequences 4 and 3; Phase B: Accelerated subsidence (ca. 35-60 m/Ma) recorded throughout the Paleocene to the middle Eocene leading to deeper marine conditions and the subsequent deposition of Sequence 2; and Phase C: Reduced subsidence (ca. 10-30 m/Ma) following the interaction between the Carlsberg Ridge and the Reunion hotspot (ca. 55 Ma) that possibly introduced a reduction in subsidence and the subsequent deposition of Sequence 1 as the SMc drifted and thermally subsided to its submerged present location, and is now dominated mainly by marine carbonates. The effects of the Madagascar and Seychelles/India separation (ca. 84 Ma) are not observed in the subsidence analysis, possibly because it involved transcurrent-rotational movement between the two plates over a short period of time.
44
Hansen, Dorthe Moller. "3D seismic characterisation of igneous sill complexes in sedimentary basins, North-East Atlantic Margin." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55377/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis compiles the results of a 3D seismic-based study of the geometry and emplacement mechanics of igneous sills and sill complexes intruded into basins along the NE Atlantic Margin. Dolerite sills were intruded into the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene mud-dominated sediments of these basins during the Paleocene and Early Eocene, approximately synchronous with the onset of seafloor spreading between NW Europe and Greenland. Detailed interpretation of igneous intrusions in four case-study areas has revealed that sills adopt a wide range of geometries, ranging from near-concordant sheet-like forms to complex discordant forms. Detailed mapping illustrates that the traditional definition of a sill as 'a tabular igneous intrusion with concordant surfaces of contact' is inadequate when describing the fully three-dimensional geometry of sills. This has encouraged the development of a new classification scheme for igneous sills that considers their detailed three-dimensional geometry. Many sills have been found to adopt a saucer-shaped geometry and these are interpreted to form through a three-step model involving lateral propagation, inflation and overburden deformation, and intrusion along deformation-related peripheral fractures. 3D seismic mapping has allowed for igneous sill complexes to be imaged in three dimensions for the first time. These complexes are found to form highly interconnected networks that cover many kilometres of vertical section (∼8 km). Based on the interpretation a new model for the construction of sill complexes is proposed. In this model a sill complex builds up from deeper to shallower levels with sills intruded at one stratigraphic level acting as feeders for sills intruded at shallower levels. Interpretation of hydrothermal mounds and jack-up structures formed during sill intrusion has allowed for the timing of sill emplacement to be constrained in the four case-study areas. This has revealed that several discrete phases of intrusion took place during the Paleocene and earliest Eocene
45
Trude, Kevin James. "The mechanics of igneous sill intrusion in sedimentary basins from three-dimensional seismic data." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440606.
Full text
46
Hernandez-Marin, Martin. "Numerical evaluation and analysis of the occurrence of earth fissures in faulted sedimentary basins." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40358.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation describes the occurrence of pumping-induced earth fissures associated
with quaternary faulting using numerical simulations. The Eglington Fault located in Las Vegas valley has been selected as the prototype fault described herein. The finite-element software program ABAQUS is used for the numerical simulations.
The Eglington fault area is chosen because it represents one of the best examples
displaying the complex relationship between fissuring, faulting and pumping-induced stress. This fault is known to influence both the vertical and horizontal deformation patterns through the accumulation of stress in its vicinity. The result is that fissures are observed on both sides of the fault and in close proximity to the fault plane. In addition to the complex fault-fissure connection, a thick caliche-rich vadose zone with weak mechanical strength allows for the initiation and propagation of fissures.
The numerical analysis a) investigates the geometrical and hydromechanical features of the zone of influence surrounding the Eglington Fault; b) identifies the zones of accumulated stress on the surface and at depth that can lead to fissuring; and c) simulates the onset and propagation of tensile-induced fissures.
Three-dimensional numerical simulations of this fault indicate that a 100-meter wide fault-zone composed by sand-like material best reproduces the conditions of stress that may lead to fissuring in the vicinity of the fault. Additionally, two-dimensional models reveal that two main mechanisms promote the accumulation of stress in the vicinity of the fault zone: one is the counterclockwise rotation of the unsaturated portion of the fault zone; the other is the differential compaction caused by the difference in the accumulated thickness of compressible layers. Tensile stress is concentrated on the surface in the hanging wall, but maximum shear stress zones are simulated to occur on both sides of the fault at the contact between the saturated aquifer and the vadose zone. A final analysis of the initiation and propagation of tensile-induced fissures demonstrates that fissures commence and propagate only within the vadose zone, and that the propagation path is influenced by the mechanical properties of the medium and the location of the main load, which in this case is pumping.Ph. D.
47
Grobbelaar, Mareli. "A comparison between diamictites at the Witteberg-Dwyka contact in southern South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97091.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Diamictites are sedimentary deposits that originate from a number of different environments, the most common being associated with a glacial environment. Although this association is not, in all cases correct, it is still being used due to the lack of knowledge to confidently identify, classify and interpret a depositional environment for diamictite deposits. During the late Carboniferous to early Permian, two diamictite deposits formed during the development of the Cape Basin and Main Karoo Basin in the southern margins of South Africa. These deposits are known as the Miller diamictite and Dwyka diamictite. The latter is well known and was deposited during the Karoo-deglaciation. The Dwyka diamictite is often referred to as Dwyka Tillite. This is an inappropriate reference owing to that not all of the Dwyka deposits are directly formed as a result of glacial contact. The origin of the Miller diamictite is uncertain, but there are suggestions that its origin can be traced to either a glacial or debris flow deposit formed in a deltaic environment, thus referred to by some as a tillite and others as a diamictite. To establish the sedimentary environments of the above mentioned diamictite deposits in the study area, two facies models were presented with a notable bias for the second model. The first model represents a continuous sedimentation cycle between the closing of the Cape Basin and opening of the Main Karoo Basin, whereas the second model demonstrates an erosional break (hiatus) between the depositions of the above mentioned basins. Derived from the use of the second model, it can be concluded that the Miller diamictite can indeed be classified as a diamictite from a textural interpretation. Both diamictites (Miller and Dwyka) cannot be referred to as tillite deposits since none show evidence of direct glacial contact. The Miller and the Dwyka are both diamictites, but were formed in different sedimentary environments. The Miller diamictite is a product of debris flow deposits from the slope of a braided delta, whereas the Dwyka diamictite represents distal glacio-marine “rain-out” deposits.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Diamiktiete is sedimentêre neerslae afkomstig vanaf verskillende omgewings en dit word meestal met n glasiale omgewing geassosieer. Alhoewel hierdie assosiasie nie in alle gevalle korrek is nie, word dit nog steeds gemaak as gevolg van die gebrek aan kennis om diamiktiete met selfvertroue te identifiseer, te klassifiseer en 'n afsettingsomgewing vir die sedimente te interpreteer. Gedurende die laat Karboon tot vroeë Permiese tydperk het twee diamiktiet afsettings gevorm gedurende die vorming van die Kaap Supergroep Kom en Karoo Kom in die suidelike grense van Suid-Afrika. Die afsetting staan bekend as die Miller diamiktiet en Dwyka diamiktiet. Laasgenoemde is redelik bekend en is gedurende die Karoo gletser ontvormings tydperk gesedimenteer. Die Dwyka diamiktiet word dikwels Dwyka Tilliet genoem, wat onvanpas is aangesien nie al die Dwyka neerslae direk gevorm het as gevolg van direkte glasiale kontak nie. Die oorsprong van die Miller diamiktiet is egter onseker. Dit word veronderstel dat die Miller diamiktiet óf deur 'n gletser, of puin vloei neerslag gevorm het in 'n deltaiese omgewing, dus word daarna verwys as 'n tilliet of ʼn diamiktiet. Om die sedimentêre omgewings van die twee bogenoemde diamiktiet afsettings in die studie area te bevestig, is twee fasies modelle aangebied met 'n voorkeur aan die tweede model. Die eerste fasies model verteenwoordig n siklus van ongebroke sedimentasie tydens die sluiting van die Kaapse Kom en die opening van die Karoo Kom. Die tweede fasies model verteenwoordig n hiatus tussen die afsetting van die bogenoemde komme. Gegrond op sy teksturele samestelling kan die Miller diamiktiet inderdaad as 'n diamiktiet geklassifiseer word. Beide diamiktiete (Miller en Dwyka) kan nie as tilliet neerslae beskou word nie, aangesien geen bewyse gelewer kan word van afsetting as gevolg van direkte glasiale kontak nie. Die Miller en Dwyka is n diamiktiet, maar is gevorm in verskillende afsettingsomgewings. Die Miller diamiktiet is 'n produk van die puin vloei neerslag vanaf die helling van ‘n delta, terwyl die Dwyka diamiktiet verteenwoordig ‘n afgeleë glasio-mariene “uit-reen” neerslae.
48
Doyon, Julie. "Comparaison de la composition des roches métasédimentaires archéennes dans six bassins de la province du Supérieur : une étude géochimique et statistique /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full text
49
Stalker, Linda. "Interaction of water with sedimentary organic matter in the laboratory : implications for the generation of oxygenated species (including COâ†2) in sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239525.
Full text
50
Prandi, Pedro Lifter Rodrigues 1985. "Arquitetura deposicional de um sistema de lençol de areia eólica : a Bacia Bauru na região de Marília (SP)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287339.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Giorgio BasiliciDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T07:38:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prandi_PedroLifterRodrigues_M.pdf: 6770707 bytes, checksum: cf2520ff00d4079bf88ddac4cccd8e0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a caracterização estratigráfica da bacia Bauru nas proximidades do município de Marília (SP) através da análise das diferentes litofácies e superfícies limitantes de diversas escalas. O trabalho inclui também a análise dos paleossolos como elemento arquitetural, e a geofísica de poços que proporcionaram um maior detalhamento nas análises dos dados de superfície e subsuperfície. Os depósitos na área são interpretados como sucessões de lençóis de areia eólica com forte influência de processos pedogenéticos no topo e depósitos subaquosos na base da sequência. Esta influência ocorre devido a variações no clima. A espessura dos depósitos na área é de aproximadamente 260 metros, como pode ser comprovado pelos dados de perfilagem. As litofácies determinadas para este trabalho foram o arenito com laminação plano paralela, arenito com estruturas de fluxo não canalizado e arenito com estruturas de adesão. Para os paleossolos encontrados foram o Aridisols e o Entisols. Três fases deposicionais são distintas, da base para o topo: 1) A primeira fase deposicional é caracterizada por uma predominância de depósitos eólicos com grande influência do lençol freático aflorante; 2) A segunda fase também predominada por depósitos eólicos, porém mais seca, com pequena influência do lençol e a presença de paleossolos é pequena; 3) A terceira fase, do topo, é caracterizada por uma predominância de processos pedogenéticos ainda de clima árido a semiárido
Abstract: The main objective of this work is the stratigraphic characterization of Bauru basin in the city of Marília (SP) through the analysis of different lithofacies and bounding surfaces of various scales. This work also include an analysis of paleosols as an architectural element, and the analysis of geophysics wells data that provide a better detailed characterization of the surface and subsurface lithology. The deposit on this area is interpreted as eolian sand sheet deposits with strong influence of pedogenetic processes at the top and subaqueous at the bottom of the sequence. This influence occur due to the climate variations. The thickness of the deposit in this area is approximately 260 meters, as proven by the profiling data. The lithofacies determined for this work are: the sandstone with parallel lamination; sandstone with non-channeled flow structures and sandstone with adhesion structures. The palaeosols found was Aridisols and Entisols type. Three deposition phases can be distinguished, from the base to the top: 1) The first phase of the aeolian deposition process is characterized by a predominance of aeolian deposits with highly influence of water table; 2) The second phase is also of aeolian sedimentation but drier than the lower one, it is not so influenced by the water table and that are few paleosols; 3) Third phase, at the top of the deposit, is characterized by pedogenic processes from arid to semiarid climate
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências