Dissertations / Theses: 'SEEA EEA'

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Jmail, Nawel. "Séparation des activités cérébrales phasiques et oscillatoires en MEG, EEG et EEG intracérébral." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5013/document.

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Les oscillations jouent un rôle de premier plan dans la mise en place des réseaux cérébraux sains et pathologiques. En particulier, au niveau clinique, les activités oscillatoires sont d'une grande importance diagnostique en épilepsie. Par ailleurs, les méthodes non-invasives d'électrophysiologie sont particulièrement adaptées pour la compréhension des réseaux cérébraux à grande échelle. Cependant, la majorité des études en épilepsie a été dirigée vers les pointes intercritiques, qui sont des activités transitoires. Une question qui reste donc en suspens est le lien entre les pointes épileptiques et les activités oscillatoires épileptiques. Cette thèse a visé à résoudre deux problématiques complémentaires autour de cette question. La première problématique est la séparation adéquate entre les activités oscillatoires et transitoires. Il s'agit d'une tâche difficile surtout lors d'un grand chevauchement temporel, qui peut résulter en la contamination d'une activité par l'autre. Nous avons évaluée trois méthodes de filtrage : le filtre FIR (méthode classique), la transformé d'ondelette stationnaire et le filtrage parcimonieux par matching pursuit (MP, basé sur un dictionnaire). Sur des simulations, la SWT a donné de très bons résultats pour la reconstruction des transitoires et le MP pour les oscillations ; de plus, les deux méthodes ont donné un faible taux de faux positifs en détection automatique des oscillations. La SWT et le FIR ont donné les meilleurs résultats de filtrage sur les signaux réels, en particulier lors de la localisation de source The Oscillatory activities play a leading role in the development of healthy and pathological brain networks. In particular, at the clinical level, the oscillatory activities are of great importance in the diagnostic of epilepsy. In addition, the non-invasive electrophysiology methods are particularly suitable for understanding the large-scale brain networks. However, most studies in epilepsy have been directed to the interictal spikes, which are transitional activities. One issue that remains unresolved is the relationship between epileptic spikes and epileptic oscillatory activities. This thesis resolves two complementary problems. The first one is the suitable separation between the oscillatory and transitory activity, which is quite sensitive to the presence of the overlap in the time-frequency domain. This can lead to a contamination between the activities. We did evaluate three filtering methods: the FIR (classic methods), the stationary wavelet SWT and the parsimonious filter with the matching pursuit MP. The SWT gave good results in the reconstruction of transient activity and the MP in the reconstruction of oscillatory activity both for simulated data; also they provide a low false positive in automatic detection of oscillatory activity. The SWT and FIR gave the best results on real signals especially for source localization. In the simulated data, the MP is optimal since the atoms of the dictionary resembles to the simulated signals, which isn't guaranteed for real signals. The second problem is the comparison between network connectivity of transient and oscillatory activity, as measured in surface recordings (MEG) and invasive recordings SEEG

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Koolen, Gijsbertus Marius Josef Maria. "Een seer bequaem middel : onderwijs en kerk onder de zeventiende-eeuwse VOC /." Kampen : J. H. Kok, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355998841.

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Hillberg, Torbjörn, and Emil Holmberg. "Metanol som marint bränsle : Alkohol som en lösning, inte ett problem." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34103.

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Sedan industrialismens start har människan påverkat klimatbalansen genom förbränning av fossila bränslen. Rökgasemissionerna förorsakade av internationell sjöfart kan inte tillskrivas någon särskild nations ansvar på grund av dess globala och komplicerade verksamhet. FN:s sjöfartsorgan IMO har således åtagit sig ansvaret att minska sjöfartens miljöpåverkan. Införandet av nya miljömål har resulterat i strängare globala och nationella regler som tvingar sjöfartsnäringen till omfattande anpassningar under kort tid. Som lösning för att uppfylla kommande krav gällande rökgasemissioner har flertalet alternativa bränslen diskuterats. Drift på metanol medför låga rökgasemissioner och anses därav ha potential till att bli ett hållbart bränsle inom sjöfarten. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka vad rederier, maskintillverkare och klassningssällskap anser om metanol som ett alternativt bränsle. Inledningsvis genomfördes en litteraturstudiedel som sedan låg till grund under utformandet av intervjufrågorna. Resultatet visar att metanol anses ha stor potential i jämförelse med andra alternativa bränsle. Då metanol kan produceras från överskottsenergi och transport kan ske med befintlig infrastruktur betraktas det både miljövänligt och ekonomiskt försvarbart. Likväl medför det kraftigt varierande metanolpriset att rederier hämmas att satsa på utvecklingen som krävs för att realisera metanoldrift av fartyg. Since the start of industrialization humans have affected the climate balance by burning fossil fuels. Exhaust gas emissions caused by the international shipping cannot be attributed to any particular nation because of its global and complex business. The International Maritime Organisation has therefore undertaken the responsibility to reduce the environmental impact of shipping. The introduction of new environmental goals has resulted in stricter global and national regulations that force the shipping industry to make significant adjustments in a short period of time. As a solution to meet future requirements for exhaust gas emissions several alternative fuels have been discussed. Operating vessels on methanol results in low exhaust gas emissions and is therefore considered to have the potential to become a sustainable fuel for the shipping industry. The aim of this study was to investigate what shipping companies, machine manufacturers and classification societies considers about methanol as an alternative fuel. Initially, a literature study was implemented which formed the basis of the interview questions. The result shows that methanol is considered to have great potential compared with other alternative fuels. Since methanol can be produced from excess energy and transportation can be done with existing infrastructure methanol is considered both environmentally friendly and economically viable. Nevertheless, the highly fluctuating methanol price can causes shipping companies to hesitate in the financing of developments that is necessary for the realization of methanol operation on board vessels.

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Maillard, Louis. "Etude des signaux électrophysiologiques intra-cérébraux et imagerie de sources électriques appliquées aux interactions entre les épilepsies et la cognition." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546762.

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Sjöberg, Niklas B. "Eel migration - results from tagging studies with relevance to management." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113829.

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In response to the drastic decline of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla (L.)) fisheries have been reduced and elvers are stocked in areas where natural abundances are low. Are these measures adequate? To answer different aspects of this question, we have analysed more than a century of eel tagging, using both traditional and more novel capture – recapture analyses. Based on these long-term data, we have evaluated the impact of the Swedish eel coastal fisheries using Survival analysis. Our analysis indicates that the fishing mortality just prior the 2009 fishing restrictions were in the order of 10%. More recent tagging programs have focused on issues related to the fate of stocked fish. If and how they migrate out of the Baltic Sea and further on towards the Atlantic Ocean. Both earlier and our new studies reveal that all eels recaptured on the Swedish East Coast, no matter of their origin, migrate at a reasonable speed and direction towards the outlets of the Baltic Sea. Even though it is sometimes difficult to determine their origin, our analyses indicate that stocked fish were scarce among the recaptures. In an experiment on the Swedish West Coast, we knew the individuals’ origin (stocked or wild) and they had similar migration patterns. In contrast, silver eel in Lake Mälaren – assumed to have been stocked as elvers or bootlace eels – seemed to have difficulties in finding the outlets. Instead they overwintered and lost weight. However, weight losses are also significant among non-stocked individuals in the Baltic Sea, both if they overwinter and if they appear to be on their way out from the area. It remains an open question whether eels from the Baltic region in general, and whether the overwintered fish in particular, manage to reach the spawning area in the Atlantic Ocean. Based on current knowledge, I advocate invoking the precautionary approach and to concentrate Swedish eel stockings to the West Coast and allow the young fish to spread out on their own. At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.

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Elias, Caroline Cristina. "Obtenção, caractetizações estruturais e atividade enzimática do sítio C-catalítico da enzima conversora de angiotensina I - região ALA959 até SER1066." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-23112015-083845/.

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A enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) catalisa a conversão de angiotensina I (Ang I) no vasoconstritor angiotensina II (Ang II) e hidrolisa a bradicinina (BK). ECA somática (sECA) possui dois domínios homólogos (N e C) que têm 60% de identidade. Embora estas duas regiões tenham homologia grande, o sítio catalítico C-domínio exibe uma atividade três vezes maior do que o N-domínio na hidrolise de Ang I in vivo. Este fato torna interessante o desenvolvimento de novos estudos de inibidores ou a melhoria dos já existentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter a região Ala959 até Ser1066 do Cdomínio da sECA (c-sECA), em uma estrutura conformacional semelhante à estrutura nativa. Nós amplificamos a sequência correspondente ao sítio catalítico da c-sECA com 324pb e clonamos esta sequência no vetor pET 28a(+). O segmento (nomeado de pET28_c-sECA) foi expresso em sistema bacteriano. A proteína foi expressa na forma solúvel e a purificação foi feita em uma única etapa utilizando a coluna de afinidade His-tag, a qual produziu a proteína pura. Análises estruturais por dicroísmo circular e fluorescência confirmaram que a proteína recombinante estava na conformação correta, e os ensaios de atividade mostraram que a c-sECA possui atividade enzimática e é inibida por lisinopril. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I (Ang I) to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II) and the hydrolysis of bradykinin (BK). Human somatic ACE (sACE) has two homologous domains (N and C) that show 60% identity. Although these two regions have high homology, the catalytic site of the C-domain exhibits three times more activity than that of the N-domain in the hydrolysis of Ang I in vivo. This fact necessitates the development of new inhibitors or the improvement of existing ones. This study aimed to obtain the Ala959 to Ser1066 catalytic region of C-domain of sACE (c-sACE) in a structural conformation that resembles the native structure. We amplified the 324-bp sequence corresponding to the catalytic site of c-sACE and cloned this sequence into a pET28a(+) vector. The segment (named pET28_c-sACE) was expressed in a bacterial system. The expressed protein segment was soluble, and its purification was performed in one step using a His-tag affinity column. Structural analysis by circular dichroism and fluorescence confirmed that the purified protein is correctly folded, and an activity assay showed that c-sACE possesses enzymatic activity and is inhibited by lisinopril.

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Seehauser, Sebastian. "The European external action service." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11500.

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Dissertação de Mesrado em Relações Internacionais Esta dissertação tem como questão principal a funcionalidade do Serviço Europeu de Ação Externa (SEAE) como um ator diplomático efetivo e eficiente. A dissertação procura uma resposta viável através da analise de possíveis vantagens e desvantagens do SEAE como agente diplomático, agindo em termos políticos e económicos. A pesquisa segue uma linha de argumentação que estuda diferentes aspectos. Primeiro, a base técnica do SEAE, que inclui o fundamento jurídico, as funções e tarefas, assim como a organização interna estabelecida pelos tratados da União Europeia. Segundo, a análise da posição do Alto Representante no seu cargo de chefe do SEAE. Adicionalmente adissertação considera o funcionamento do SEAE em base das funções diplomáticas estabelecidas pela Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Diplomáticas e pela Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Consulares. A analise também reflete a existência e as implicaçõesdo SEAE em concomitância de outros serviços diplomáticos nacionais dos Estadosmembros da UE. The main question that this research paper seeks to address is the functionality of the EEAS as an effective and efficient diplomatic actor. The thesis pursues the answer in ananalysis of possible advantages and disadvantages of the EEAS as a diplomatic agent inpolitical and economic terms.The research is based on the argumentation line studying different aspects. Firstly, thetechnical basis of the EEAS, including the juridical fundament, the functions and duties, as well as the internal organization established by EU treaties are reviewed. Secondly isanalysed the role of the HR/VP as chief executive of the EEAS. Additional the thesisconsiders the functioning of the EEAS on the basis of the diplomatic functions stated inthe Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on ConsularRelations. The analysis also reflects the existence and implications of EEAS alongsideother national diplomatic services of European Union member states.

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Altakroury, Hamza Fawzi. "In-vivo Human Head Conductivity Estimation by SEEG and EEG Recorded in Simultaneous with Intracerebral Electrical Stimulation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0304/document.

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La localisation de source d'EEG devient un outil important pour traiter les patients atteints d'épilepsie en localisant les zones épileptogènes avant d'effectuer une chirurgie de résection. Compte tenu d'un modèle de tête direct, la localisation de la source EEG est réalisée en résolvant le problème inverse. Le modèle de tête direct est un modèle biophysique de tête plus ou moins complexe qui décrit la distribution électrique. En considérant la propagation électrique expliquant la distribution de potentiels, outre la numérisation, le modèle nécessite le réglage deux paramètres lesquels sont la géométrie du modèle de tête et la valeur des conductivités de chaque compartiment du modèle de tête. En raison des progrès computationnel et des techniques d'imagerie (comme l'IRM et la CT), il est possible de générer des modèles de tête humaine qui représentent avec une grande précision la géométrie de la tête réelle. Cependant, il existe une incertitude sur les valeurs de conductivité de chaque compartiment et la méthode avec laquelle ils devraient être estimés. Dans la littérature, les valeurs communes pour les conductivités proviennent principalement des expériences in-vitro. Dans ce travail, nous effectuons une estimation de la conductivité in-vivo à partir de données EEG/SEEG/Stimulation électrique de trois patients épileptiques. Ces données sont constituées des images IRM et des CT SCAN pour la construction d'un modèle de tête FEM à cinq compartiments pour chaque patient, ainsi que les enregistrements SEEG et EEG qui ont été acquis en même temps que la stimulation électrique intracérébrale (IES). L'originalité de ce travail réside dans l'évaluation de la performance de l'estimation des conductivités in-vivo par des mesures EEG et / ou SEEG en fonction de différents paramètres spatiaux et de la localisation des IES. Le travail se compose de trois parties principales: la première partie vise à déterminer la méthode d’optimisation sous contraintes la plus robuste parmi les algorithmes courants pour optimiser les paramètres du modèle direct de tête. L'objectif de la deuxième partie est d'analyser la sensibilité des valeurs de conductivité à différentes conditions sur la position de stimulation, le conditionnement du problème avec les positions de mesure et leur nombre et le nombre de compartiments. Alors que dans la partie finale, les conductivités d'un modèle de tête FEM isotrope et homogène à cinq compartiments ont été estimées avec des paramètres précédemment déterminés pour les trois patients. Enfin, l'effet de la fréquence de stimulation sur les conductivités estimées est analysé EEG source localization is becoming an important tool for treating epileptic patients by localizing the epileptogenic zones before performing a resection surgery. Given a forward head model, EEG source localization is performed by solving the inverse problem. The forward head model is a biophysical model which describes the electrical distribution in the human head. When considering the propagation as the only way for the current distribution to move in the head, the focus is directed primarily on two parameters for having an accurate forward head model. These parameters are: the geometry of the head model and the conductivity value of each compartment of the head model. Due to the recent advances in computers and imaging techniques (like MRI and CT), it is possible to generate human head models that represent with a high accuracy the geometry of the real head. However, there is still an argument about the conductivity values and the method by which it should be estimated. In literature, the common values for conductivities come mostly from in-vitro experiments. In this work we are performing in-vivo conductivity estimation by considering the data of three epileptic patients. This data consists of MR images and CT scans for building a five-compartment FEM head model for each patient along with SEEG and EEG recordings that were acquired in simultaneous with intracerebral electrical stimulation (IES). The originality of this work lies in evaluating the performance of in-vivo conductivity estimation by EEG and/or SEEG measurements in function of different spatial parameters and locations of the IES. The following work consists of three major parts: the first part aims to determine the most robust optimization algorithm among common algorithms for optimizing the forward head model. The objective of the second part is to analyze the sensitivity of the conductivity values given different conditions on stimulation position, measurement positions and number of compartments. While in the final part, the conductivities of an isotropic and homogeneous five-compartment FEM head model were estimated with previously selected parameters for three drug-resistant epileptic patients. Finally the effect of changing the stimulation frequency on the estimated conductivities was determined

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Alfredsson, Hanna. "Prey selection of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) larvae in the Sargasso Sea: a molecular approach." Thesis, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2129.

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AbstractThe European eel (Anguilla anguilla) migrates to the Sargasso Sea to spawn. Even though the biology of A. anguilla leptocephali in the Sargasso Sea has been studied for several decades, information regarding their diet has remained unknown until now. Previous dietary studies concerning other species of leptocephali in the Pacific Ocean have been limited to the recognition of identifiable prey remains amongst gut contents. Hence, in this study a molecular approach relying on the detection of prey DNA amongst gut contents was used to study dietary profiles of A. anguilla leptocephali in the Sargasso Sea. Leptocephali were collected during the circumglobal Galathea 3 expedition in spring 2007 to the Sargasso Sea. DNA extracted from gut contents were PCR amplified using universal primers targeting the nuclear 18S rRNA gene. In order to separate eel amplicons from prey amplicons, PCR products were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Furthermore, clone libraries were constructed using universal primers targeting a portion of the 18S rRNA and mitochondrial COI gene, respectively. In total, the gut contents of 78 leptocephali were screened by DGGE. A diverse array of eukaryotic taxa was identified, hence demonstrating the applicability of a universal PCR- DGGE approach to study gut contents of leptocephali. The results presented here show, for the first time, that young stages of A. anguilla leptocephali feed on a large variety of zooplankton of which many were gelatinous (e.g. Hydrozoa, Thaliacea and Ctenophora). Several of the identified taxa also constitute important parts of the Sargasso Sea zooplankton community and are of size ranges (adult or larval stages) that made them reasonable as leptocephali prey.

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Altakroury, Hamza Fawzi. "In-vivo Human Head Conductivity Estimation by SEEG and EEG Recorded in Simultaneous with Intracerebral Electrical Stimulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0304.

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La localisation de source d'EEG devient un outil important pour traiter les patients atteints d'épilepsie en localisant les zones épileptogènes avant d'effectuer une chirurgie de résection. Compte tenu d'un modèle de tête direct, la localisation de la source EEG est réalisée en résolvant le problème inverse. Le modèle de tête direct est un modèle biophysique de tête plus ou moins complexe qui décrit la distribution électrique. En considérant la propagation électrique expliquant la distribution de potentiels, outre la numérisation, le modèle nécessite le réglage deux paramètres lesquels sont la géométrie du modèle de tête et la valeur des conductivités de chaque compartiment du modèle de tête. En raison des progrès computationnel et des techniques d'imagerie (comme l'IRM et la CT), il est possible de générer des modèles de tête humaine qui représentent avec une grande précision la géométrie de la tête réelle. Cependant, il existe une incertitude sur les valeurs de conductivité de chaque compartiment et la méthode avec laquelle ils devraient être estimés. Dans la littérature, les valeurs communes pour les conductivités proviennent principalement des expériences in-vitro. Dans ce travail, nous effectuons une estimation de la conductivité in-vivo à partir de données EEG/SEEG/Stimulation électrique de trois patients épileptiques. Ces données sont constituées des images IRM et des CT SCAN pour la construction d'un modèle de tête FEM à cinq compartiments pour chaque patient, ainsi que les enregistrements SEEG et EEG qui ont été acquis en même temps que la stimulation électrique intracérébrale (IES). L'originalité de ce travail réside dans l'évaluation de la performance de l'estimation des conductivités in-vivo par des mesures EEG et / ou SEEG en fonction de différents paramètres spatiaux et de la localisation des IES. Le travail se compose de trois parties principales: la première partie vise à déterminer la méthode d’optimisation sous contraintes la plus robuste parmi les algorithmes courants pour optimiser les paramètres du modèle direct de tête. L'objectif de la deuxième partie est d'analyser la sensibilité des valeurs de conductivité à différentes conditions sur la position de stimulation, le conditionnement du problème avec les positions de mesure et leur nombre et le nombre de compartiments. Alors que dans la partie finale, les conductivités d'un modèle de tête FEM isotrope et homogène à cinq compartiments ont été estimées avec des paramètres précédemment déterminés pour les trois patients. Enfin, l'effet de la fréquence de stimulation sur les conductivités estimées est analysé EEG source localization is becoming an important tool for treating epileptic patients by localizing the epileptogenic zones before performing a resection surgery. Given a forward head model, EEG source localization is performed by solving the inverse problem. The forward head model is a biophysical model which describes the electrical distribution in the human head. When considering the propagation as the only way for the current distribution to move in the head, the focus is directed primarily on two parameters for having an accurate forward head model. These parameters are: the geometry of the head model and the conductivity value of each compartment of the head model. Due to the recent advances in computers and imaging techniques (like MRI and CT), it is possible to generate human head models that represent with a high accuracy the geometry of the real head. However, there is still an argument about the conductivity values and the method by which it should be estimated. In literature, the common values for conductivities come mostly from in-vitro experiments. In this work we are performing in-vivo conductivity estimation by considering the data of three epileptic patients. This data consists of MR images and CT scans for building a five-compartment FEM head model for each patient along with SEEG and EEG recordings that were acquired in simultaneous with intracerebral electrical stimulation (IES). The originality of this work lies in evaluating the performance of in-vivo conductivity estimation by EEG and/or SEEG measurements in function of different spatial parameters and locations of the IES. The following work consists of three major parts: the first part aims to determine the most robust optimization algorithm among common algorithms for optimizing the forward head model. The objective of the second part is to analyze the sensitivity of the conductivity values given different conditions on stimulation position, measurement positions and number of compartments. While in the final part, the conductivities of an isotropic and homogeneous five-compartment FEM head model were estimated with previously selected parameters for three drug-resistant epileptic patients. Finally the effect of changing the stimulation frequency on the estimated conductivities was determined

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LIAVA, ALEXANDRA. "Interactions between emotions and decision making: a SEEG study with focus on the role of the cingulate cortex." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/94409.

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Introduction Depending on their content, negative or positive, emotions can promote or slow down the cognitive functions. The inhibiting influence of negative affects on the cognitive control has been attributed to the reciprocal inhibition of the neuronal systems implicated in emotion and cognitive functions, but the mechanisms and the temporal process are not well established. The anterior cingulate cortex has been classically subdivided in two major regions with distinct functions: a dorsal-cognitive division and a rostral–ventral affective division. Recent evidence, however, do not support this traditional differentiation but indicate that both subdivisions of the anterior cingulate make important contributions to emotional processing. Aim of the study The project consisted on performing an analysis of the cerebral activity (mainly in the gamma band: > 30Hz) during a protocol of alternating tasks which necessitated the taking of simples decisions, either within an emotionally neutral and within an emotionally negative context, with the aim (i) to compare the performance in an emotionally-negative condition with the performance in an emotionally-neutral condition, (ii) to search the electrophysiological responses of the cerebral areas implanted, implicated in the cognitive and in the emotional control in the different conditions, (iii) to compare the frequency modulations of the different subregions of the cingulate cortex implanted in the different conditions. Patients and methods The study was realized with 6 adult patients (female/male: 3/3) undergoing invasive presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery by stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) in the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital. Monopolar SEEG data were converted to the format of the software Elpho-SEEG developed in LabView, in the Besta Institute. A total of 1365 contacts were analysed. Contacts exploring lesional areas and those showing ictal paroxystic abnormalities were excluded. Frequency changes between the range 1-150 Hz were included in the study. Results In 3 patients reaction time was not associated with the emotional content of the pictures but rather with the complexity of the Raven matrices; furthermore the mean reaction time, as well as the total number of erroneous responses, progressively decreased from the first to the last task, indicating learning mechanisms/adaptability, independently of the emotional valence of the associated pictures. On the other hand, 3 patients did more errors and showed a slightly faster or slower reaction time in the Raven trial in the negative condition compared with the other two ones. Analysis of frequency modulations during the exposure (300msec) to the negative images compared with the affectively neutral conditions, showed a power increase in the anterior aspect of midcingulate cortex, the pregenual aspect of anterior cingulated cortex, the short gyri of insula, the supplementary motor area, the frontal antero-mesial cortex as well as the temporal pole. Interestingly, only the short gyri of insula (anterior insular cortex), but not the long gyri, were activated during the exposure to the negative pictures. Our results are in line with the existing human imaging studies focusing on empathy for other's aversive events that have highlighted the role of these regions involved in the direct pain experience. Furthermore, we provide evidence that dorsal cingulate codes emotional processing. Moreover, our results support the suggestion that "second-hand" experience of pain follows only an anterior activation pattern of the insular cortex.

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Frogerais, Paul. "Modélisation et identification en épilepsie : De la dynamique des populations neuronales aux signaux EEG." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362926.

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Les enregistrements EEG de profondeur effectués lors d'examens pré-chirurgicaux de patients épileptiques candidats à une résection, portent réellement a priori des informations précieuses sur la dynamique spatio-temporelle des zones épileptogènes locales. Actuellement l'interprétation de tels signaux, essentiellement qualitative, reste un problème délicat et des efforts restent à faire pour interpréter quantitativement l'information physiologique qu'ils contiennent. Cette thèse traite de l'identification d'un modèle dont les paramètres représentent l'excitation et l'inhibition dans le tissu neuronal enregistré. Une analyse qualitative de ce modèle et une méthode d'identification des paramètres combinant filtrage bayesien non linéaire et algorithme d'optimisation globale de la vraisemblance sont proposées. Cet estimateur est enfin appliqué sur des données réelles et des difficultés inhérentes à l'adéquation du modèle sont discutées.

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Rekow, Diane. "When your nose knows what you see : multisensory development of visual categorization : evidence from odor-driven face categorization in the human brain." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH028.

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Cette thèse examine dans quelle mesure les odeurs contribuent au développement de la catégorisation visuelle dans le cerveau humain à l’aide d’une stimulation visuelle périodique rapide couplée à l’électroencéphalographie de surface (FPVS-EEG). Nous avons en particulier cherché à caractériser si une réponse cérébrale sélective à la catégorie visuelle des visages est modulées par la présence d’une odeur corporelle chez le nourrisson (Etudes 1 à 3) et l'adulte (Etude 4).Chez le nourrisson, la sélectivité de l'effet de l’odeur sur la categorisation visuelle a été testée à l’aide de trois catégories étudiées séparément chez trois groupes de nourrissons de 4 mois exposés à une odeur contrôle ou à l’odeur de leur mère. Nous avons observé qu’une réponse sélective aux visages est largement amplifiée par l'odeur maternelle en regard du cortex occipito-temporal droit (Etude 1). En revanche, une réponse sélective aux voitures, mesurée au niveau de la région occipitale droite, ne présente aucun effet de l'odeur (Etude 2). Enfin, en utilisant des objets non faciaux configurés comme des visages (visages illusoires), une réponse sélective à ces visages illusoires est amplifiée au niveau de l’hémisphère droit en présence de l'odeur maternelle, et même intiée chez certains nourrissons qui ne répondent pas à ces visages illusoire en l’absence de l’odeur maternelle (Etude 3). Chez l’adulte, les réponses sélectives aux visages humains, voitures et visages illusoires ont été mesurées en présence d’odeurs corporelles, de gasoil ou d’une odeur contrôle (Etude 4). Tandis que la categorisation des visages humains ou des voitures n’est pas affectée par la présence des odeurs, l’odeur corporelle amplifie la réponse sélective aux visages illusoires, suggérant un effet facilitateur d’une odeur congruente quand la catégorie visuelle est ambigüe. Dans ces quatre études, la réponse visuelle générale élicitée par l’ensemble des stimuli de la séquence visuelle rapide reste stable entre les contextes olfactifs testés, excluant un effet général des odeurs en termes d’éveil/d’attention.Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats démontrent un effet facilitateur important des odeurs corporelles sur la catégorisation d’informations visuelles congruentes (visages humains ou illusoires). Nous illustrons ainsi par ces associations olfacto-visuelles que les informations provenant de différents sens sont intégrées pour favoriser la catégorisation visuelle, particulièrement en début de vie lorsque le système visuel est encore immature, et que ces associations intersensorielles congruentes se maintiennent jusqu’à l’âge adulte dans le cas de stimuli visuels ambigus This thesis examines whether and how odors contribute to the development of visual categorization in the human brain using fast periodic visual stimulation coupled with scalp electroencephalography (FPVS-EEG). Specifically, we sought to characterize if a neural visual response selective to the face category is modulated by the presence of a body odor in both infants (Study 1, 2, 3) and adults (Study 4).In infants, the selectivity of the odor effect on visual categorization was addressed by testing separately three categories in three groups of 4-month-old infants presented with a control odor or their mother’s odor. We observed that a face-selective response is largely enhanced by maternal odor over the right occipito-temporal cortex (Study 1). By contrast, a car-selective response, observed over the right occipital region, is insensitive to the presence of maternal odor (Study 2). Finally, when using nonface objects configured as faces (i.e., facelike objects), a facelike-selective response is amplified over the right hemisphere when infants are exposed to maternal odor, and even initiated in some infants who do not selectivly respond to facelike objects in the absence of maternal odor (Study 3). In adults, the selective responses to human faces, cars and facelike objects were recorded in a body, gasoline, or control odor context (Study 4). While the categorization of human faces or cars is immune to the presence of odors, the body odor enhances the facelike-selective response, suggesting a facilitating effect of a congruent odor when the visual categroy is ambiguous. For these four studies, the general visual response elicited by all stimuli in the rapid visual sequence remains stable across odor contexts, excluding any general effect of odors in terms of arousal/attention.Altogether, these findings demonstrate a strong facilitative effect of body odors on congruent visual categorizations (i.e., human or illusory faces). We thus illustrate through olfactory-visual associations that information from different senses are integrated to facilitate visual categorization, especially early in life when the visual system is still immature, and that these intersensory congruent associations are maintained until adulthood in the case of ambiguous visual stimuli

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Bell, Lenore. "'If you see something, say something' : the figure of the "other" in the 9/11 novel ; and, Translatie : een roman aan de Bijlmerramp." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7041.

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One central question unites the critical and creative halves of this project: how should fiction respond to a sudden crisis? Through this thesis, I was able to explore the potential pitfalls authors need to avoid in tackling historic subject matter. This critical half of this thesis examines the treatment of race in fiction depicting the September 11 attacks. The writers mentioned in this thesis—including Jonathan Safran-Foer, John Updike, Jay McInerney, Don DeLillo—are considered to be left-of-centre thinkers. However, their 9/11-related work aims to restore a classical notion of American hegemony. Chapter I: An American Breed discusses the protagonists of these novels, and how they represent ideas of upper class American whiteness. Chapter II: Fighting the Need to be Normal is about the portrayal of terrorists and terrorist bodies. Chapter III: You Want to Dance, I Want to Watch is about the treatment of African American characters. The final chapter, Chapter IV: White Crayons is about lower class and ethnically marked white characters. The creative half of the thesis is Translatie, a novella. It is written from the perspectives of two different characters, Jacob and Mia. Jacob is a 17-year-old Surinamese rent boy who is being sexually abused by his upstairs neighbour. Mia is a sex-show worker in her early 30s. The novel traces their lives in the week leading up to the 1992 Bijlmer Air Disaster. After the disaster, they go missing, and their friends and relatives are left to track them down.

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Mandelli, Michaela <1977&gt. "Studies on the reproductive Physiology of two critically endangered species of the North Adriatic Sea: Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7459/1/thesisdone.pdf.

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Reproductive physiology has many applications for a successful management of fish population in aquaculture. In particular the stock management of endangered species might take advantage of the knowledge concerning the reproductive cycle in order to improve the protocols and restore the population for restock activities. The Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarrii) and the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) are two endemic species of the North Adriatic Sea and are both listed in the the IUCN Red List of threatened species as “critically endangered”. Both the species nowadays rely on the experimental activities and new technologies that try to implement the farming conditions for an improvement of the population management for restocking purposes. In the present study the onset of puberty was investigated through plasma Testosterone analysis in A. naccarii. With reference to A. Anguilla the effect of photoperiod was assessed on the endocrine profiles during hormonal induction. Furthermore a new tank design has lead to spontaneous spawning that was then compared to the manual stripping protocol.

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Mandelli, Michaela <1977&gt. "Studies on the reproductive Physiology of two critically endangered species of the North Adriatic Sea: Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7459/.

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Reproductive physiology has many applications for a successful management of fish population in aquaculture. In particular the stock management of endangered species might take advantage of the knowledge concerning the reproductive cycle in order to improve the protocols and restore the population for restock activities. The Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarrii) and the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) are two endemic species of the North Adriatic Sea and are both listed in the the IUCN Red List of threatened species as “critically endangered”. Both the species nowadays rely on the experimental activities and new technologies that try to implement the farming conditions for an improvement of the population management for restocking purposes. In the present study the onset of puberty was investigated through plasma Testosterone analysis in A. naccarii. With reference to A. Anguilla the effect of photoperiod was assessed on the endocrine profiles during hormonal induction. Furthermore a new tank design has lead to spontaneous spawning that was then compared to the manual stripping protocol.

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Volfart, Angélique. "Étude du système visuel ventral dans l’épilepsie du lobe temporal à partir d’une nouvelle approche en électrophysiologie Typical visual unfamiliar face individuation in left and right mesial temporal epilepsy Intracerebral electrical stimulation of the right anterior fusiform gyrus selectively impairs human face identity recognition Neurophysiological evidence for crossmodal (face-name) person- identity representation in the human left ventral temporal cortex." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0119.

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La voie visuelle ventrale, s’étendant des régions occipitales aux régions temporales antérieures, est spécialisée dans la reconnaissance, par la modalité visuelle, des objets et personnes rencontrés au quotidien. De nombreuses études en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle se sont intéressées aux bases cérébrales de la reconnaissance visuelle. Toutefois, la susceptibilité de cette technique aux artefacts magnétiques dans les régions du lobe temporal antérieur a conduit à sous-estimer le rôle de ces régions au sein de la voie ventrale. Le but de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de reconnaissance visuelle au sein du cortex ventral occipito-temporal, et notamment de clarifier la contribution des structures temporales postérieures et antérieures dans la mise en œuvre des mécanismes de reconnaissance visuelle et de mise en lien avec la mémoire sémantique. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur une approche multimodale combinant neuropsychologie, stimulation visuelle périodique rapide (FPVS) et enregistrements en EEG de scalp et en EEG intracérébral (SEEG), chez des participants neurotypiques et des participants épileptiques. Nous rapportons cinq études empiriques dans lesquelles nous démontrons que (1) les patients avec une épilepsie temporale antérieure (i.e., le type d’épilepsie focale le plus fréquemment concerné par une procédure en SEEG) présentent des performances typiques en discrimination individuelle de visages, (2) la stimulation électrique du gyrus fusiforme antérieur droit peut entraîner un déficit transitoire spécifique à la reconnaissance des visages, même lorsqu’aucune dénomination n’est requise, (3) le processus de discrimination de visages familiers parmi des visages inconnus sollicite l’engagement d’un large réseau de structures ventrales bilatérales incluant les régions temporales antérieures et médiales, (4) certaines structures du lobe temporal antérieur ventral gauche sont impliquées dans l’intégration d’un visage familier et de son nom en une représentation unifiée, et (5) les régions temporales antérieures ventrales bilatérales sont engagées dans la mise en œuvre de représentations sémantiques associées à des mots écrits. Dans l’ensemble, nos travaux montrent que (1) le réseau de reconnaissance visuelle s’organise le long de la voie visuelle ventrale en suivant une hiérarchisation progressive selon l’axe postéro-antérieur, au sein duquel une transition graduelle s’effectue entre représentations majoritairement perceptives et représentations sémantiques de plus en plus abstraites, et (2) les régions impliquées dans la reconnaissance visuelle sont fortement latéralisées dans les régions postérieures ventrales, et deviennent bilatérales dans les régions temporales antérieures ventrales The ventral visual stream extends from the occipital to the anterior temporal regions and is specialized in recognizing objects and people through vision. Numerous studies in functional magnetic resonance imaging have focused on the cerebral basis of visual recognition. However, this technique is susceptible to magnetic artefacts in anterior temporal regions and it has led to an underestimation of the role of these regions within the ventral visual stream. The aim of this thesis is to better understand the mechanisms of visual recognition within the ventral occipito-temporal cortex and, more specifically, to clarify the contribution of posterior and anterior temporal structures in the visual recognition of a stimulus and its association with semantic representations. For this purpose, we used a multimodal approach combining neuropsychology, fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS), and scalp and intracerebral EEG (SEEG) recordings in neurotypical and epileptic participants. We report five empirical studies in which we demonstrate that (1) patients with anterior temporal epilepsy (i.e., the most frequent type of focal epilepsy that undergo intracerebral EEG recordings) show typical performance in individual face discrimination, (2) electrical stimulation of the right anterior fusiform gyrus can lead to a transient deficit that is specific to face recognition, even when no naming is required, (3) familiar face discrimination processes involve a large network of bilateral ventral structures including the anterior and medial temporal regions, (4) some structures of the left ventral anterior temporal lobe are involved in the integration of a familiar face and its name into a unified representation, and (5) the bilateral ventral anterior temporal regions are involved in representing semantic knowledge associated with written words. Overall, this work shows that (1) the visual recognition network follows a progressive hierarchization along the postero-anterior axis of the ventral visual stream, with a graded transition between perceptual representations and increasingly abstract semantic representations, and (2) the regions involved in visual recognition are strongly lateralized in the ventral posterior regions and become bilateral in the ventral anterior temporal regions

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Cruz, Juliana Nunes da. "Hidrolisado proteico da semente de cupuaçu como fonte de peptídeos inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina I." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-29042015-100916/.

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Peptídeos com ação inibitória da enzima conversora da angiotensina I (ECA) podem ser obtidos a partir de diversos alimentos e exercer efeito anti-hipertensivo. O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum S.), fruto nativo da Amazônia, possui sementes comestíveis contendo proteína de reserva similar à do cacau (Theobroma cacao L.), as quais parecem ser fonte de peptídeos inibidores da ECA. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar in vitro a ocorrência de peptídeos inibidores da ECA no hidrolisado proteico da semente de cupuaçu obtido por ação da Alcalase. O hidrolisado revelou o desaparecimento de proteínas entre 27 a 180 kDa, incluindo as globulinas, e o surgimento daquelas abaixo de 15 kDa após 2 h de hidrólise, indicando a formação de peptídeos menores. O ensaio de atividade utilizando o substrato Abz-FRK(Dnp)-P-OH revelou que o hidrolisado total promoveu 65% de inibição da ECA e esse pool peptídico foi fracionado em cinco frações (F1-F5) por cromatografia em fase reversa (RP-HPLC). Após a etapa de purificação, o monitoramento da inibição apontou, ao final, duas frações (3.2.8 e 3.4.10) com maior atividade inibitória. Oito peptídeos foram identificados por LC-MS/MS, sendo três deles já conhecidos como inibidores da ECA. Outros cinco novos peptídeos identificados (FLEK, GSGKHVSP, LDNK, MVVDKLF e MEKHS) foram sintetizados e tiveram sua ação inibitória validada por ensaios in vitro. O peptídeo GSGKHVSP apresentou a menor IC50 (3,11 µM) e Ki (0,74 µM), sendo um inibidor tipo misto quanto ao seu mecanismo de inibição revelado pelo gráfico de Lineweaver-Burk. Os resultados permitem concluir que o isolado proteico da semente de cupuaçu pode ser uma fonte para obtenção de peptídeos anti-hipertensivos, a despeito de serem necessárias investigações sobre a resistência desses peptídeos à digestão gastrointestinal e a eficácia da inibição in vivo. Peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity may be obtained from several foods and cause antihypertensive effect. Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum S.), a native fruit from Amazon, has edible seeds with a storage protein similar to that of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) which seems to have incrypted ACE inhibitor peptides. Thus, the aim of this project was to investigate the in vitro formation of ACE inhibitory peptides in protein hydrolysate from cupuassu seeds using Alcalase enzyme. The hydrolysate revealed the disappearance of proteins between 27 and 181 kDa after 2h hydrolysis, including the globulin, and the increase of those below 15 kDa, indicating the formation of peptides. The ACE inhibitory activity assays using the substrate Abz-FRK(Dnp)P-OH revealed the hydrolysate had 65% ACE inhibition and the pool of peptides was fractionated into five fractions (F1-F5) by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). After the purification step, two fractions (3.2.8 e 3.4.10) exhibited the highest ACE-inhibitory activity. Eight peptides had been identified by LC-MS/MS and three of them were ACE inhibitors. The other newly identified peptides (FLEK, GSGKHVSP, LDNK, MVVDKLF and MEKHS) were synthesized and in vitro assayed for ACE inhibitory activity. The peptide GSGKHVSP had the lower IC50 (3.11 µM) and Ki (0.74 µM). Lineweaver-Burk plots suggest this peptide is a mixed-type inhibitor according to the inhibition mechanism. The results indicate that protein isolate from cupuassu seeds may be a good protein source of antihypertensive peptides and further investigation is needed in order to evaluate the resistance of these peptides to gastrointestinal digestion and the inhibitory activity in vivo.

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Bayle, Dimitri. "Traitement cérébral de l’expression faciale de peur : vision périphérique et effet de l’attention." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10227/document.

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L’expression faciale de peur constitue un important vecteur d’information sociale mais aussi environnementale. En condition naturelle, les visages apeurés apparaissent principalement dans notre champ visuel périphérique. Cependant, les mécanismes cérébraux qui sous-tendent la perception de l’expression faciale de peur en périphérie restent largement méconnus. Nous avons démontré, grâce à des études comportementales, des enregistrements magnétoencéphalographiques et intracrâniens, que la perception de l’expression faciale de peur est efficace en grande périphérie. La perception de la peur en périphérie génère une réponse rapide de l’amygdale et du cortex frontal, mais également une réponse plus tardive dans les aires visuelles occipitales et temporales ventrales. Le contrôle attentionnel est capable d’inhiber la réponse précoce à l’expression de peur, mais également d’augmenter les activités postérieures plus tardives liées à la perception des visages. Nos résultats montrent non seulement que les réseaux impliqués dans la perception de la peur sont adaptés à la vision périphérique, mais ils mettent également en avant une nouvelle forme d’investigation des mécanismes de traitement de l’expression faciale, pouvant conduire à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de traitement des messages sociaux dans des situations plus écologiques Facial expression of fear is an important vector of social and environmental information. In natural conditions, the frightened faces appear mainly in our peripheral visual field. However, the brain mechanisms underlying perception of fear in the periphery remain largely unknown. We have demonstrated, through behavioral, magnetoencephalographic and intracranial studies that the perception of fear facial expression is efficient in large peripheral visual field. Fear perception in the periphery produces an early response in the amygdala and the frontal cortex, and a later response in the occipital and infero-temporal visual areas. Attentional control is able to inhibit the early response to fear expression and to increase the later temporo-occipital activities linked to face perception. Our results show that networks involved in fear perception are adapted to the peripheral vision. Moreover, they validate a new form of investigation of facial expression processing, which may lead to a better understanding of how we process social messages in more ecological situations

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Penttilä, Jens. "Temperaturzoner för lagring av värmeenergi i cirkulärt borrhålsfält." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128951.

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The thermal response of a borehole field is often described by non‐dimensional response factors called gfunctions.The g‐function was firstly generated as a numerical solution based on SBM (Superposition BoreholeModel). An analytical approach, the FLS (Finite Line Source), is also accepted for generating the g‐function. In thiswork the potential to numerically produce g‐functions is studied for circular borehole fields using the commercialsoftware COMSOL. The numerical method is flexible and allows the generation of g‐functions for any boreholefield geometry. The approach is partially validated by comparing the solution for a square borehole field containing36 boreholes (6x6) with g‐functions generated with the FLS approach and with the program EED (Earth EnergyDesigner). The latter is based on Eskilsons SBM, one of the first documents where the concept of g‐functions wasintroduced. Once the approach is validated, the square COMSOL model is compared with a circular geometryborehole field developed by the same method, consisting of 3 concentric rings having 6, 12, and 18 boreholes.Finally the influence on the circular geometry g‐function is studied when connecting the boreholes in radial zoneswith different thermal loads. Den termiska responsen för ett borrhålsfält beskrivs ofta med den dimensionslösa responsfunktionen kallad gfunktion.Responsfunktionen togs först fram som en numerisk lösning med SBM (Superposition Borehole Model).En analytisk metod, FLS (Finite Line Source) är också accepterad för framtagandet av g‐funktioner. I det här arbetetundersöks förutsättningarna att numeriskt ta fram g‐funktioner för cirkulära borrhålsfält genom att använda detkommersiella simuleringsprogrammet COMSOL Multiphysics. Den numeriska metoden är flexibel och kananvändas för alla typer av borrhålsgeometrier. Metoden att använda COMSOL valideras delvis genom att jämföraresultatet för ett kvadratiskt borrhålsfält innehållande 36 borrhål (6x6) med lösningar framtagna med FLS och meddimensioneringsprogrammet EED (Earth Energy Designer). Det senare har sin grund i Eskilsons SBM, ett av deförsta arbeten där begreppet g‐funktion introducerades. När metoden att använda COMSOL verifierats, jämförsden kvadratiska borrhålsmodellen med en cirkulär borrhålskonfiguration, upprättad med samma metod,innehållande 3 koncentriska ringar om vardera 6, 12, 18 borrhål. Slutligen undersöks hur den termiska responsenpåverkas då borrhålen i ett cirkulärt borrhålsfält kopplas samman och grupperas i radiella zoner med olika termiskalaster. SEEC Scandinavian Energy Efficiency Co.

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Zou, Yingying. "Delivery of goods by the carrier under the contract of carriage by sea : a focus on China = De aflevering van de goederen door de vervoerder onder de overeenkomst van goederenvervoer over zee : een blik op china /." Rotterdam : Rotterdam : Erasmus Universiteit ; Erasmus University Rotterdam [Host], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/6943.

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Edfors, Jonas, and Robin Bremberg. "Liquid Natural Gas : A study of the environmental impact of LNG in comparison to diesel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103569.

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Liquefied Natural Gases (LNG) has been an alternative fuel in the marine industry for several years, but lately, the amount of ships that have been powered by methane has increased a lot. Some of the reasons for this is because LNG does not contain any sulfur and releases less nitrogen oxides than traditional maritime fuels. In this essay, LNG will be compared to diesel from an environmental perspective with focus on CO2 emissions and its equivalents. International Maritime Organization (IMO) implemented Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) requirements that adjusts how much CO2 is allowed in the exhaust gas per produced kilowatt-hour (kWh). However, these requirements will increase in intervals in the future, the next one is coming 2022 for specific ship types. The method that is used to compare the fuels is Mole-calculations for LNG as well as diesel, then calculate the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its equivalents they release. The results show that under optimal conditions, LNG was the superior choice. However, the maritime industry might have a problem with the requirements that will be introduced to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2050. Flytande Naturgas (LNG) har under flera år funnits som ett alternativt bränsle inom sjöfarten, men på senare tid så har skeppen som drivs av metan ökat markant. En anledning till detta är att LNG innehåller inget svavel samt släpper ut mindre NOX jämfört med traditionella bränslen. I denna uppsats så kommer LNG att jämföras mot diesel ur ett klimatperspektiv med fokus på koldioxidutsläpp och dess ekvivalenter. International Maritime Organisation (IMO) har infört Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) krav som justerar hur mycket CO2 man får släppa ut per kilowattimme (kWh), dessa krav kommer dessutom att öka i flertalet intervaller i framtiden, varav nästa intervall redan sker i 2022 för speciella fartygstyper. Metoden som användes för att jämföra bränslena var att beräkna mol-innehållet för både LNG samt diesel, sen från den beräknade data se hur mycket koldioxid (CO2) inklusive ekvivalenter de släppte ut. Resultatet visade att under optimala förutsättningar så var LNG ett klart bättre alternativ än diesel. Däremot så kan sjöfarten ha ett problem inom framtiden från de krav som berör växthusgaser som kommer att ställas från och med 2050.

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Ramantani, Georgia. "Contribution des sources épileptiques inter-critiques et critiques à l’EEG de scalp." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0034/document.

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Plusieurs études de simulation in vitro et in vivo ont été réalisées au cours des dernières décennies afin de clarifier les interrelations des sources corticales avec leurs corrélats électrophysiologiques enregistrés sur l’EEG invasif et l’EEG de scalp. L’amplitude des potentiels corticaux, l’étendue de l’aire corticale impliquée par la décharge, de même que la localisation et la géométrie de la source corticale sont des facteurs indépendants qui modulent l’observabilité et la contribution de ces sources sur l’EEG de surface. L’enregistrement simultané et multi-échelle de l’EEG de scalp et intra-crânien (avec des électrodes sous-durales ou profondes) durant l’exploration pré-chirurgicale des patients épileptiques offre une opportunité unique d’explorer cette question fondamentale. Alors que les études précédentes ont considéré essentiellement des sources néocorticales dans le contexte de l’épilepsie du lobe temporal, notre travail s’est intéressé à l’observabilité et la contribution de sources profondes temporales et frontales. Nous avons pu montrer : (1) que les sources épileptiques profondes enregistrées dans les régions temporales médianes et fronto-basales ne sont pas visibles par l’analyse visuelle de routine mais sont détectables après élimination du bruit de fond physiologique généré par les sources corticales de surface sus-jacentes ; (3) que l’amplitude des pointes enregistrées en surface est corrélée avec la surface d’activation corticale de la convexité et avec des ratios élevés d’amplitude pointes/activité de fond Several in vitro, in vivo, and simulation studies have been performed in the past decades aiming to clarify the interrelations of cortical sources with their scalp and invasive EEG correlates. The amplitude ratio of cortical potentials to their scalp EEG correlates, the extent of the cortical area involved in the discharge, as well as the localization of the cortical source and its geometry, have been each independently linked to the recording of the cortical discharge with scalp electrodes. Simultaneous multiscale EEG recordings with scalp, subdural and depth electrodes, applied in presurgical epilepsy workup, offer an excellent opportunity to address this fundamental issue. Whereas past studies have considered predominantly neocortical sources in the context of temporal lobe epilepsy, the present work addresses deep sources, in mesial temporal and extra-temporal epilepsies. We showed that deep sources, such as those in mesial temporal or fronto-basal regions, are not visible, but are detectable in scalp EEG. Scalp EEG spikes correlate with extensive activation of the cortical convexity and high spike-to-background amplitude ratios

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Mabrouk, Maha. "Évaluation de l’effet correcteur d’un extrait polyphénolique de pépins de raisin dans un modèle murin de sclérose en plaques, l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC111.

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La sclérose en plaques (SEP) est une maladie auto-immune du système nerveux central générant de nombreux symptômes neurologiques, parmi lesquels la douleur chronique qui est très invalidante et fréquente. A ce jour, la SEP est une maladie incurable avec une étiologie complexe, multifactorielle et encore mal comprise. De nombreuses données suggèrent que les polyphénols végétaux pourraient avoir des bénéfices thérapeutiques en régulant le stress oxydant et la neuroprotection dans la SEP. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer l'effet d’un traitement curatif chronique à l'extrait de pépins de raisin (GSE pour Grape Seed Extract) dans un modèle murin reproduisant certaines des caractéristiques cliniques et neuropathologiques de la SEP, l'encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale (EAE). Dans un premier temps, la composition biochimique du GSE a été évaluée. Par la suite, le traitement des souris EAE par le GSE 10 jours après l’induction du modèle (J10) a montré une amélioration à la fois du score neurologique et des troubles sensitifs chez les souris. Des analyses biochimiques et moléculaires au niveau du cerveau et de la moelle épinière ont montré dès J20 une correction des anomalies du stress oxydant permettant une restauration des altérations de la myéline, de la prolifération astrogliale et microgliale et des niveaux d’expression des sirtuines. Enfin, une analyse protéomique a permis de confirmer ces résultats et d’envisager des mécanismes d’action bénéfiques supplémentaires du GSE, notamment la correction de la dégradation des lipides. L’ensemble des effets du GSE décrits au cours de cette thèse soutient fortement l'idée que le GSE pourrait être une approche thérapeutique efficace pour le traitement de la SEP Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system leading to many neurological symptoms, among which chronic pain is common and very disabling. To date, MS is an incurable disease with a complex, multifactorial and still poorly understood etiology. Numerous evidence suggest that plant polyphenols may have therapeutic benefits in regulating oxidative stress and providing neuroprotection in MS. In this context, this thesis work aimed to evaluate the effect of a chronic curative treatment with grape seed extract (GSE) in a mouse model reproducing some of clinical and neuropathological features of MS, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).First, the biochemical composition of GSE was evaluated. Subsequently, the treatment with GSE initiated from day 10 post-induction (D10) showed both an improvement in the neurological score and sensory disorders in mice. Biochemical and molecular analyzes in the brain and spinal cord showed from D20 a correction of oxidative stress abnormalities allowing restoration of myelin alterations, astroglial and microglial proliferation and levels of sirtuins expression. Finally, a proteomic analysis allowed to confirm these results and to identify new additional beneficial effect of GSE, such as the correction of lipid degradation. All the effects of GSE described during this thesis strongly supports the idea that GSE could be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of MS

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Barceló, Adrover Salvador. "An advanced Framework for efficient IC optimization based on analytical models engine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128968.

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En base als reptes sorgits a conseqüència de l'escalat de la tecnologia, la present tesis desenvolupa i analitza un conjunt d'eines orientades a avaluar la sensibilitat a la propagació d'esdeveniments SET en circuits microelectrònics. S'han proposant varies mètriques de propagació de SETs considerant l'impacto dels emmascaraments lògic, elèctric i combinat lògic-elèctric. Aquestes mètriques proporcionen una via d'anàlisi per quantificar tant les regions més susceptibles a propagar SETs com les sortides més susceptibles de rebre'ls. S'ha desenvolupat un conjunt d'algorismes de cerca de camins sensibilitzables altament adaptables a múltiples aplicacions, un sistema lògic especific i diverses tècniques de simplificació de circuits. S'ha demostrat que el retard d'un camí donat depèn dels vectors de sensibilització aplicats a les portes que formen part del mateix, essent aquesta variació de retard comparable a la atribuïble a les variacions paramètriques del proces. En base a los desafíos surgidos a consecuencia del escalado de la tecnología, la presente tesis desarrolla y analiza un conjunto de herramientas orientadas a evaluar la sensibilidad a la propagación de eventos SET en circuitos microelectrónicos. Se han propuesto varias métricas de propagación de SETs considerando el impacto de los enmascaramientos lógico, eléctrico y combinado lógico-eléctrico. Estas métricas proporcionan una vía de análisis para cuantificar tanto las regiones más susceptibles a propagar eventos SET como las salidas más susceptibles a recibirlos. Ha sido desarrollado un conjunto de algoritmos de búsqueda de caminos sensibilizables altamente adaptables a múltiples aplicaciones, un sistema lógico especifico y diversas técnicas de simplificación de circuitos. Se ha demostrado que el retardo de un camino dado depende de los vectores de sensibilización aplicados a las puertas que forman parte del mismo, siendo esta variación de retardo comparable a la atribuible a las variaciones paramétricas del proceso. Based on the challenges arising as a result of technology scaling, this thesis develops and evaluates a complete framework for SET propagation sensitivity. The framework comprises a number of processing tools capable of handling circuits with high complexity in an efficient way. Various SET propagation metrics have been proposed considering the impact of logic, electric and combined logic-electric masking. Such metrics provide a valuable vehicle to grade either in-circuit regions being more susceptible of propagating SETs toward the circuit outputs or circuit outputs more susceptible to produce SET. A quite efficient and customizable true path finding algorithm with a specific logic system has been constructed and its efficacy demonstrated on large benchmark circuits. It has been shown that the delay of a path depends on the sensitization vectors applied to the gates within the path. In some cases, this variation is comparable to the one caused by process parameters variations.

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Gatti, Mauro. "Le Service européen pour l'action extérieure : une expression institutionnelle de la méthode de l'Union, à la recherche d'une cohérence dans la politique étrangère." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038027.

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Le Service Européen pour l'Action Extérieure (SEAE ou Service) est une des innovations les plus importantes introduites par le Traité de Lisbonne. Il est également l'une des plus controversées, étant donné l'importance symbolique du premier service diplomatique métanational. Cette analyse vise à démontrer que le SEAE ne sert ni à mettre en place, ni à démonter une politique étrangère monolithique pour toute l'Union. Il devrait plutôt chercher à promouvoir l'harmonie entre les différentes actions externes qui existent déjà. Le Service, en d'autres termes, est l'expression d'une nouvelle approche de l'intégration européenne, qui ne propose pas la renonciation aux compétences des États Membres, mais vise à coordonner les politiques des institutions de l'UE et de ses membres, afin d'assurer leur cohérence.

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Pantland, Nicolette Ariana. "3D numerical techniques for determining the foot of a continental slope." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49807.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides an opportunity for qualifying coastal signatory states to claim extended maritime estate. The opportunity to claim rests on the precept that in certain cases a continental shelf extends beyond the traditionally demarcated two hundred nautical mile (200M) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) mark. In these cases a successful claim results in states having sovereign rights to the living and non-living resources of the seabed and subsoil, as well as the sedentary species, of the area claimed. Where the continental shelf extends beyond the 200M mark, the Foot of the Continental Slope (FoS) has to be determined as one of the qualifying criteria. Article 76 of UNCLOS de nes the FoS as ". . . the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base." Currently Caris Lots is the most widely used software which incorporates public domain data to determine the FoS as a step towards defining the offshore extent of an extended continental shelf. In this software, existing methods to compute the FoS are often subjective, typically involving an operator choosing the best perceived foot point during consideration of a two dimensional profile of the continental slope. These foot points are then joined by straight lines to form the foot line to be used in the desk top study (feasibility study). The purpose of this thesis is to establish a semi-automated and mathematically based three dimensional method for determination of the FoS using South African data as a case study. Firstly, a general background of UNCLOS is given (with emphasis on Article 76), including a brief discussion of the geological factors that influence the characteristics of a continental shelf and thus factors that could influence the determination of the FoS. Secondly, a mathematical method for determination of the surfaces of extremal curvature (on three dimensional data), originally proposed by Vanicek and Ou in 1994, is detailed and applied to two smooth, hypothetical sample surfaces. A discussion of the bathymetric data to be used for application introduces the factors to be taken into account when using extensive survey data as well as methods to process the raw data for use. The method is then applied to two sets of gridded bathymetric data of differing resolution for four separate regions around the South African coast. The ridges formed on the resulting surfaces of maximum curvature are then traced in order to obtain a foot line definition for each region and each resolution. The results obtained from application of the method are compared with example foot points provided by the subjective two dimensional method of computation within the Caris Lots software suite. A comparison of the results for the different resolutions of data is included to provide insight as to the effectiveness of the method with differing spatial coarseness of data. Finally, an indication of further work is provided in the conclusion to this thesis, in the form of a number of recommendations for possible adaptations of the mathematical and tracing methods, and improvements thereof. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie oor die Wet van die See (UNCLOS) bied 'n geleentheid aan kwalifiserende state wat ondertekenaars van die Konvensie is om aanspraak te maak op uitgebreide maritieme gebied. Die geleentheid om op uitgebreide gebied aanspraak te maak berus op die veronderstelling dat 'n kontinentale tafel in sekere gevalle tot buite die tradisioneel afgebakende 200 seemyl eksklusiewe ekonomiese zone (EEZ) strek. In sulke gevalle het 'n suksesvolle aanspraak die gevolg dat die staat soewereine reg oor die lewende en nie-lewende bronne van die seevloer en ondergrond verkry, sowel as die inwonende spesies van die gebied buite die EEZ waarop aanspraak gemaak word. Die voet van die kontinentale tafel (FoS) moet vasgestel word as een van die bepalende kriteria vir afbakening van die aanspraak waar die kontinentale tafel tot buite die EEZ strek. Artikel 76 van UNCLOS defineer die FoS as ". . . die punt van maksimale verandering in die helling by sy basis." Die mees algemeen gebruikte rekenaar sagteware wat openbare domein data aanwend om die voet van die helling te bepaal, is tans "Caris Lots." Die metodes wat in die program gebruik word om die voet van die helling te bepaal, is dikwels subjektief en berus tipies op 'n operateur se keuse van die beste afgeskatte punt van die voet van die helling uit 'n oorweging van 'n twee dimensionele profiel van die kontinentale tafel. Die berekende voet-punte word dan deur middel van reguit lyne verbind om 'n hellingsvoetlyn te vorm. Hierdie voetlyn kan dan in die Suid-Afrikaanse lessenaarstudie (doenlikheidstudie) oor die bepaling van die voet van die kontinentale tafel gebruik word. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n semi-outomatiese en wiskundig gebaseerde drie-dimensionele metode te beskryf vir die vasstelling van die FoS, deur as 'n gevallestudie van Suid-Afrikaanse data gebruik te maak. 'n Algemene agtergrond van UNCLOS, met beklemtoning van Artikel 76, word eerstens gegee. 'n Kort bespreking van die geologiese faktore wat die kontinentale tafel beïnvloed en wat gevolglik 'n invloed kan hê op die vasstelling van die voet van die helling, is ingesluit. Tweedens word 'n wiskundige metode, wat oorspronklik in 1994 deur Vanicek en Ou voorgestel is, vir bepaling van die oppervlaktes van maksimale kromming (gebaseer op drie-dimensionele data) in detail bespreek en 'n voorbeeld van 'n toepassing op twee gladde, denkbeeldige oppervaktes word beskryf. Die faktore wat in ag geneem moet word wanneer omvattende dieptemeting data gebruik word, en die metodes wat gebruik word om die rou data te verwerk, word ingelei deur 'n bespreking van die aard van die dieptemeting data wat gebruik is. Die metode word dan toegepas op twee stelle geruite dieptemeting data van verskillende resolusies vir vier afsonderlike streke om die Suid-Afrikaanse kus. Die riwwe wat op die resulterende oppervlaktes van maksimale kromming gevorm word, word dan nagetrek ten einde 'n lyndefinisie van die voet van die kontinentale tafel vir elke streek teen elke resolusie te bepaal. Die resultate verkry uit toepassings van die metode word vergelyk met hellingsvoetpunte soos bepaal deur die subjektiewe twee dimensionele berekeningsmetode in die "Caris Lots" rekenaar-program. 'n Vergelyking van die resultate vir die verskillende data resolusies word ingesluit om die doeltreffendheid van die metode met betrekking tot die hantering van verskillende ruimtelike data resolusies te ondersoek. 'n Aanduiding van verdere werk, bestaande uit 'n aantal aanbevelings vir moontlike aanpassings en verbeterings van die wiskundige en natrek metodes, word ten slotte in die gevolgtrekking van die verhandeling verskaf.

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Kide, Saïkou Oumar. "Analyse de la diversité et de la structuration spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux dans la zone économique exclusive mauritanienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0085/document.

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La zone économique exclusive Mauritanienne est le siège d’upwelling et constitue une zone de transition où cohabitent des espèces d’affinités tempérée et tropicale. Pour comprendre le comportement spatio-temporel des assemblages démersaux du point de vue de leur composition, structuration, distribution de probabilité et diversité face aux préoccupations écologiques. Les facteurs abiotiques contribuent à la structuration des assemblages démersaux persistants au cours du temps. Les effets de la pêche étaient relativement faibles. Les trajectoires temporelles entre les assemblages et les conditions environnementales ont été mises en évidence pour certaines années et des zones. Dans les types d’habitats, un groupe minoritaire d’espèces très agrégatives obéissant au modèle de distribution en log-séries de Fisher et un autre majoritaire peu ou pas du tout agrégatives obéissant au modèle de distribution binomiale négative tronquée ont été identifiés. La diversité spécifique peut être divisé en deux groupes distincts et complémentaires : la richesse spécifique et l'autre associé à l’équitabilité. Un seul composant de la diversité ne peut donc pas représenter la diversité des poissons démersaux de la zone étudiée. Les GLM des indices complémentaires ont montré essentiellement un effet temporel et l’interaction Année-Strates bathymétriques. Aucun effet de l’effort de pêche n’a été observé sur la richesse spécifique, ni de la concentration en chlorophylle sur l’équitabilité. Ce travail pourrait fournir aux gestionnaires et aux scientifiques des connaissances complémentaires sur la dynamique spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux exploités dans des écosystèmes d’upwelling The Mauritanian exclusive economic zone is the seat of an upwelling phenomenon and constitutes a transition zone where species of temperate and tropical affinities coexist. To understand the spatio-temporal behavior of demersal assemblages from the point of view of their composition, structure, distribution of probability and diversity faced to ecological concerns. Abiotic factors contribute in the structuring of persistent groundfish assemblages over time. The fishing effects were relatively low, although significant in some years and in some specific geographic areas. Temporal trajectories between groundfish assemblages and environmental conditions have been highlighted for some years and in some specific areas. In each type habitats, two species groups were identified: a minority group of species very aggregative well fitted by Fisher’s log-series distribution and another majority of species little or not aggregative well fitted by the truncated negative binomial distribution. Diversity indices analyzed reveal that this set can be split into two distinct and complementary groups: a group associated with the species richness and another group associated with evenness. One component of diversity may not represent the diversity of the groundfish in the study area. GLMs of complementary indices showed essentially a temporal effect and Bathymetric strata-Year interaction. No effect of fishing effort was observed on the species richness and neither was the concentration of chlorophyll a on the evenness. This work could provide managers and scientists to further knowledge on the spatio-temporal dynamics of groundfish species assemblages exploited in upwelling ecosystems

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Kide, Saïkou Oumar. "Analyse de la diversité et de la structuration spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux dans la zone économique exclusive mauritanienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0085.

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La zone économique exclusive Mauritanienne est le siège d’upwelling et constitue une zone de transition où cohabitent des espèces d’affinités tempérée et tropicale. Pour comprendre le comportement spatio-temporel des assemblages démersaux du point de vue de leur composition, structuration, distribution de probabilité et diversité face aux préoccupations écologiques. Les facteurs abiotiques contribuent à la structuration des assemblages démersaux persistants au cours du temps. Les effets de la pêche étaient relativement faibles. Les trajectoires temporelles entre les assemblages et les conditions environnementales ont été mises en évidence pour certaines années et des zones. Dans les types d’habitats, un groupe minoritaire d’espèces très agrégatives obéissant au modèle de distribution en log-séries de Fisher et un autre majoritaire peu ou pas du tout agrégatives obéissant au modèle de distribution binomiale négative tronquée ont été identifiés. La diversité spécifique peut être divisé en deux groupes distincts et complémentaires : la richesse spécifique et l'autre associé à l’équitabilité. Un seul composant de la diversité ne peut donc pas représenter la diversité des poissons démersaux de la zone étudiée. Les GLM des indices complémentaires ont montré essentiellement un effet temporel et l’interaction Année-Strates bathymétriques. Aucun effet de l’effort de pêche n’a été observé sur la richesse spécifique, ni de la concentration en chlorophylle sur l’équitabilité. Ce travail pourrait fournir aux gestionnaires et aux scientifiques des connaissances complémentaires sur la dynamique spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux exploités dans des écosystèmes d’upwelling The Mauritanian exclusive economic zone is the seat of an upwelling phenomenon and constitutes a transition zone where species of temperate and tropical affinities coexist. To understand the spatio-temporal behavior of demersal assemblages from the point of view of their composition, structure, distribution of probability and diversity faced to ecological concerns. Abiotic factors contribute in the structuring of persistent groundfish assemblages over time. The fishing effects were relatively low, although significant in some years and in some specific geographic areas. Temporal trajectories between groundfish assemblages and environmental conditions have been highlighted for some years and in some specific areas. In each type habitats, two species groups were identified: a minority group of species very aggregative well fitted by Fisher’s log-series distribution and another majority of species little or not aggregative well fitted by the truncated negative binomial distribution. Diversity indices analyzed reveal that this set can be split into two distinct and complementary groups: a group associated with the species richness and another group associated with evenness. One component of diversity may not represent the diversity of the groundfish in the study area. GLMs of complementary indices showed essentially a temporal effect and Bathymetric strata-Year interaction. No effect of fishing effort was observed on the species richness and neither was the concentration of chlorophyll a on the evenness. This work could provide managers and scientists to further knowledge on the spatio-temporal dynamics of groundfish species assemblages exploited in upwelling ecosystems

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Manjebrayakath, Hashim. "Distribution, diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes in the Indian EEZ." Thesis, 2012. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/14068/1/Thesis_2012_Hashim%20M.pdf.

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This thesis Entitled distribution ,diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes the indian Eez.Fishing rights and responsibilities it entails in the deep-sea sector has been a vexed issue since the mid-nineties and various stakeholders have different opinion on the modalities of harnessing the marine fisheries wealth, especially from the oceanic and deeper waters. The exploitation and utilization of these esources requires technology development and upgradation in harvest and post-harvest areas; besides shore infrastructure for berthing, handling, storing and processing facilities. At present, although deep-sea fishes don’t have any ready market in our country it can be converted into value added products. Many problems have so far confronted the deep-sea fishing sector not allowing it to reach its full potential. Hence, there should be a sound deep-sea fishing policy revolving round the upgradation of the capabilities of small scale fishermen, who have the inherent skills but do not have adequate support to develop themselves and to acquire vessels having the capability to operate in farther and deeper waters. Prospects for the commercial exploitation and utilization of deep-sea fishes were analyzed using SWOL analysis.

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Cline, Vincent E. "Psychrometric Testing Facility Restoration and Cooling Capacity Testing." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8272.

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The Psychrometric Testing Facility at the Riverside Energy Efficiency Laboratory at Texas AandM University has not been operational for several years. The goal of this project was to restore the testing facility to a fully operational condition for the purpose of supporting research and cooling capacity testing, with the latter following the appropriate standards. Numerous changes were made to the coolant piping system, the data acquisition system, instrumentation, and temperature and humidity control to update and improve the facility. In addition, a computer program was developed and implemented that allows for flexible control of the facility’s conditions and collection of data while showing real time performance and refrigerant and psychrometric calculations. The current program flexibility, along with the proper combination of instrumentation, allows the Psychrometric Facility to operate with separate steady state environmental conditions in each room, according to, and meeting, the AHRI 210/240 standard. Cooling capacity testing done on a split system residential unit was compared to the published AHRI rating to benchmark the state of the facility. Tested cooling capacity was about 3 percent below the published cooling capacity; tested EER was about 7 percent below the published EER; and finally, the calculated SEER based on the default degradation coefficient was about 10 percent below the published SEER. The difference in the calculated performance parameters to the published are expected due to unknown testing conditions used to calculate the published rating.

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Chang, Yuan-Ming, and 張源銘. "A study on the settlement of the EEZ fishery disputes between Taiwan and Japan in the east China sea." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01713770422386416887.

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碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 海洋法律研究所 94 The purpose of this thesis tries to explore the root cause of fishery disputes on the East China Sea at the openning and analyze the evolution and methods of the Exclusive Economic Zone delimitation. Where is the dispute, there is a dispute settlement. The thesis will introduce and discuss the International Court of Justice and dispute settlement organizations such as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and so on.It will also discuss,especially, the fishery Agreement and its provisional arrangement, which aims at solving fishery disputes. There are a lot of international practical cases about disputes settlenment on delimiting the overlapping zone. Many famous cases almost focus on the continental shelf delimitation disputes, but there has appeared an international tendency of adopting only one unified measure to delimit the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone at the same time since the Gulf of Main case between U.S. and Canada .Therefore, the article will take several examples on practical dispute settlement, such as the North Sea continental shelf cases,the continental shelf(Libya Arab Jamahiriya v.Malta)case in 1985, the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine case in 1984 etc….Besides,,we should also take into consideration of dispute settlement by negotiation in stead of judicial way as well as Sino-Vietnam Beibu Gulf(the Gulf of Tonkin) fishery dispute sttlement and delimitation . Sino-Japan fishery agreement also provides us with good example to solve the disputes. In connection with fishery disputes of EEZ between Taiwan and Japan on the East China Sea, the thesis,at the end, explores the possibility that Taiwan could take action as a state or fishery entity to seek settlement possibility by judical ways,then, to educe that the fishery disputes must departure from exclusive economic zone so as to solve disputes by provisional arrangement ,independently. Taiwan could take successful fishery Agreements as reference, and there are Sino-Japan, Sino-Korea and Japan-Korea Agreements which set overlapping zone as provisional Arrangement zone for both sides to manage and cultivate marine biological resource on provisional arrangement zone until the dispute is solved eventually. Meanwhile, we should spare no effort to guarantee livelihood standard of fishermen and leave more space and time to settle the disputes on the exclusive economic zone delimitation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SEEA EEA'

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