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1

Sex seen: The emergence of modern sexuality in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

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2

Sperling, Louise. Emergency seed aid in Kenya: A case study of lessons learned. Cali,Colombia: CIAT, 2001.

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3

Andersson, Lars. Amounts and characteristics of seeds produced by annual weeds: Influence of herbicides and time of plant emergence. Uppsala, Sweden: Dept. of Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1994.

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4

Watkins, Michael D. Predictable surprises: The disasters you should have seen coming, and how to prevent them. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2004.

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5

Kamaha, Claude. Seed vigor and emergence of six winter wheat cultivars. 1986.

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6

Tessier, Sylvio. Zero-till furrow opener geometry effects on wheat emergence and seed zone properties. 1988.

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7

Cromwell, Elizabeth. Seed Provision During and After Emergencies (Good Practice Review). Overseas Development Institute, 1997.

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8

Ullman, Sharon R. Sex Seen: The Emergence of Modern Sexuality in America. University of California Press, 1998.

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9

Ullman, Sharon R. Sex Seen: The Emergence of Modern Sexuality in America. University of California Press, 1998.

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10

Ullman, Sharon R. Sex Seen: The Emergence of Modern Sexuality in America. University of California Press, 1998.

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11

Buxton, Jane. Leaves, Fruits, Seeds and Roots: Emergent. Celebration Pr, 1999.

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12

Lachmann, Robin H., and Elaine Murphy. Emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0076.

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Patients with an inherited metabolic disease can present acutely either with a metabolic decompensation, or due to an emerging complication. In either case, it is important to recognize the underlying metabolic condition as disease specific management is likely to be necessary. In this chapter we discuss some of the more prequent acute presentations which can be seen in adults with IMDs.
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13

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood, and Paula Bennett, eds. Gastrointestinal emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0010.

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Problems relating to the gastrointestinal system are frequently seen in emergency and urgent care settings. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms may relate directing to a problem in the gastrointestinal tract or may be a feature of another disease process. For example, vomiting and abdominal pain are often seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. This chapter provides detailed guidance on how to assess a patient with abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Appropriate investigations are identified, with their suggested indications. The remainder of this chapter covers the nursing assessment, investigations, and initial management of a comprehensive list of gastrointestinal problems, including injuries to abdominal organs.
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14

Symons, John. Brute Facts about Emergence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758600.003.0010.

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This chapter explores the relationship between the concept of emergence, the goal of theoretical completeness, and the Principle of Sufficient Reason. Samuel Alexander and C. D. Broad argued for limits to the power of scientific explanation. Chemical explanation played a central role in their thinking. After Schrödinger’s work in the 1920s their examples seem to fall flat. However, there are more general lessons from the emergentists that need to be explored. There are cases where we know that explanation of some phenomenon is impossible. What are the implications of known limits to the explanatory power of science, and the apparent ineliminability of brute facts for emergence? One lesson drawn here is that we must embrace a methodological rather than a metaphysical conception of the Principle of Sufficient Reason.
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15

Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Obstetric emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0031.

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Pre-eclampsia 518Eclampsia 520HELLP syndrome 522Postpartum haemorrhage 524Amniotic fluid embolism 526Pre-eclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy, UK incidence is 3–5%, with a complex hereditary, immunological and environmental aetiology.Abnormal placentation is characterized by impaired myometrial spiral artery relaxation, failure of trophoblastic invasion of these arterial walls and blockage of some vessels with fibrin, platelets and lipid-laden macrophages. There is a 30–40%, reduction in placental perfusion by the uterine arcuate arteries as seen by Doppler studies at 18–24 weeks gestation. Ultimately the shrunken, calcified, and microembolized placenta typical of the disease is seen. The placental lesion is responsible for fetal growth retardation and increased risks of premature labour, abruption and fetal demise. Maternal systemic features of this condition are characterized by widespread endothelial damage, affecting the peripheral, renal, hepatic, cerebral, and pulmonary vasculatures. These manifest clinically as hypertension, proteinuria and peripheral oedema, and in severe cases as eclamptic convulsions, cerebral haemorrhage (the most common cause of death due to pre-eclampsia in the UK), pulmonary oedema, hepatic infarcts and haemorrhage, coagulopathy and renal dysfunction....
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16

Cameron, Sim. Emergency Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198831051.001.0001.

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Emergency arbitration enables a party to seek urgent relief from an emergency arbitrator during the period required for the constitution of an arbitral tribunal. The procedure is not a substitute for expedited or summary proceedings. It simply enables a party to bypass national courts and obtain pre-tribunal relief in the form of interim measures even before an arbitral tribunal has been formed. The limited mandate of the emergency arbitrator is to determine whether the circumstances warrant urgent relief within the period required for tribunal formation. Studies have revealed that emergency arbitrators have adopted inconsistent approaches to emergency arbitration proceedings. Parties contemplating emergency arbitration are thus faced with uncertainty both as to procedure and prospects, and a lack of clarity as to how to formulate an application for emergency measures. By identifying commonalities between emergency arbitration rules, this book aims to promote greater uniformity in the practice of emergency arbitration, thereby giving parties greater control and certainty in bringing and defending applications for emergency measures. As emergency arbitration rules confer wide discretion on the emergency arbitrator, this uniformity is promoted whilst at the same time recognising, where appropriate, the need for an element of flexibility to be maintained. The book contains seven parts. Part I sets out an overview of emergency arbitration. Parts II to V move through all phases of an emergency arbitration, starting with pre-commencement considerations and ending with enforcement. Part VI is dedicated to emergency arbitration in investment treaty arbitration. Finally, in Part VII, the future of emergency arbitration is explored.
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17

Scheuerman, William E. States of Emergency. Edited by Jens Meierhenrich and Oliver Simons. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199916931.013.017.

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Carl Schmitt’s theory of emergency powers has garnered substantial attention in the aftermath of terrorist attacks on the US, UK, and Spain. Against those who underscore apparent discontinuities in Schmitt’s view of emergency government, or see him as advocating law-based and/or a constitutional model of emergency government, this chapter revisits three key historical and intellectual contexts—the First World War, the Weimar debate about Article 48, and the disintegration of Weimar democracy after 1930— to offer an alternative interpretation. The radical anti-legal character of Schmitt’s position, along with its underlying continuities, is emphasized. Three recent post 9/11 employments of Schmitt’s ideas about emergency power are then examined. Each is found inadequate, in part because each accepts too much of the underlying logic of Schmitt’s theory and thus becomes vulnerable to its normative and political frailties.
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18

Beck, Jennifer. Have You Seen? (Literacy Links Plus Guided Readers Emergent). Shortland Publications, 2001.

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19

Padgett, John F. The Emergence of Organizations and States. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.2.

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Organizations and states emerge, exist, and evolve through dynamic processes operating across multiple network domains (e.g., political, economic, kinship, religion, and war). Autocatalytic networks—sets of nodes that reproduce themselves through ties—create and sustain organizations, but also contain the seeds of their evolution and destruction. Change occurs through novelty, which can take the form of innovation (transposition of ties or feedback among network domains) or invention (when innovation spills over to alter organizations across an entire domain). Equilibrium (through autocatalysis) and change (through novelty) are not different phenomena in this process-oriented view; they are distinct moments in the same underlying cycle. This chapter first develops a multiple-network perspective about the emergence of organizational novelty and autocatalysis, then applies this perspective to the comparative analysis of communist reform transitions in the Soviet Union under Stalin and Gorbachev, and in China under Mao and Deng Xiaoping.
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20

Seeds of Hope: A Physician's Personal Triumph Over Prostate Cancer. Acorn Publishing (MI), 2000.

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21

Perry, Mike, ed. Head, Neck and Dental Emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779094.001.0001.

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This book is for the non-specialist who may see problems in the head and neck. The aim is to help the reader develop a targeted approach in assessment and management. Such patients may be seen in the emergency department, in general practice, or on the ward. Because true ‘emergencies’ in the head and neck (i.e. a life- or sight-threatening condition) are few in number, a more broadly defined remit has been used, to cover urgent and potentially worrying problems which may present acutely. Generally speaking, patients do not present with a ready-made diagnosis, but rather with either a symptom located to an anatomical region (e.g. toothache, lump, or headache), or an obvious problem (e.g. nose bleed or injury). This is the starting point in each of the anatomically based chapters (‘Common presentations’ and ‘Common problems and their causes’). For each symptom there are a number of possible causes and these are listed. The next section in each chapter (‘Useful questions and what to look for’) lists the important diagnostic elements in relation to each symptom. The aim is to equip the reader with the necessary knowledge to enable them to quickly and accurately triage and diagnose a symptom or clinical problem. The remainder of each chapter details how to examine each site, useful investigations, and some notes on the conditions. Management and referral is also covered. This book is particularly helpful for those unfamiliar with ‘acute conditions’ of the head and neck and for those preparing for clinical examinations.
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22

Mark, Mangan, Reed Lucy, and Choong John. 11 Interim and Emergency Relief. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199657216.003.0011.

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This chapter discusses the interim and emergency relief process in Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) arbitration. Interim relief is a temporary step or measure taken by the tribunal or a national court in order for the arbitral proceeding to function effectively. A party involved in SIAC arbitration has three available avenues for seeking interim relief — the tribunal, an Emergency Arbitrator, and a court of competent jurisdiction. The Tribunal may order the party requesting an interim relief to provide appropriate security in connection with the relief. A party needing an emergency relief prior to the members of the Tribunal may seek relief to an Emergency Arbitrator. Courts can grant certain kinds of relief when there is a third party involved in an arbitration — an injunction to prevent the dissipation of assets, destruction of evidence, or parallel proceedings.
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23

Johnson, Douglas. Distributing Seeds and Tools in Emergencies (Oxfam Skills and Practice Series). Oxfam Publishing, 1998.

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24

Chanmugam, Arjun S., Richard Rothman, Sanjay Desai, and Shannon Putman, eds. Infectious Diseases Emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.001.0001.

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Infectious Diseases Emergencies is a compact reference that summarizes the key topics of those infectious disease processes that are most commonly seen in emergency departments, clinics, and urgent care facilities. The opening section reviews principles of infectious disease management and general management of severe infections in acute and emergency environments. The following sections provide a “head-to-toe” synopsis of common infections presenting in both outpatient and acute care settings, including the following human areas: central nervous system; ear, nose, and throat; ocular; cardiovascular; pulmonary; gastrointestinal; genitourinary; skin and soft tissue; and bone and joint. The concluding sections discuss vector-borne infections, infections in special populations, bioterrorism, and finally antibiotic resistance. Each chapter covers some basic elements of the disease, epidemiology, diagnosis and tests, organisms involved, treatment, and other key issues. Concisely written and consistently organized chapters outline the most useful elements of diagnosis and treatment for easy memorization and clarity.
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25

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood, and Paula Bennett, eds. Emergencies in older patients. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0020.

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The increasingly older population has seen a change in the demographics of patients attending urgent and emergency care services over the last 10 to 20 years. It is not unusual for a significant proportion of patients to be over 80 years of age during the course of a shift. It is essential that emergency care staff have an understanding of the specific clinical problems that can present in old age. This chapter covers the nursing assessment of the older person and describes common presentations associated with the older population.
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26

Stanghellini, Giovanni. Habitus: the emergence of alterity in social situations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0011.

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This chapter argues that my habits seem to be what is most distant from alterity as they pertain to order and regularity. Yet, habits exonerate me from reflecting each time about the proper way to act under given circumstances. Thus, acting on the basis of habit means to act unreflectively and involuntarily. The ‘habitual self’ is opposed to the ‘reflecting self’. Habit actually is the power of forgetting. It is not unconscious in a psychodynamic sense; rather it is a form of unreflecting, inattentive, practical Cogito. As such, it is another form of dissociated spontaneity, next to drive and emotion, which may surprise me, especially when it prescribes me a given action that is inappropriate to the circumstances. Habit is what lets me discover alterity as repetition in the course of my intersubjective life.
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27

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood, and Paula Bennett, eds. Emergency care of the infant and child. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0004.

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Caring for ill and injured children can be a daunting experience for many staff in emergency and urgent care settings. Children differ from adults anatomically, physiologically, and psychologically, and some of the diseases seen in infants and children are not present in the adult population. A key feature of this chapter is to provide essential information to assist the practitioner in differentiating between the well and unwell children. Common childhood illness, and their nursing assessment and management are covered, together with common injuries in childhood.
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28

Ashford, Elizabeth. Severe Poverty as an Unjust Emergency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648879.003.0005.

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On the one hand, recent literature on global justice urges us to correct features of global structures that contribute to the persistence of severe poverty. On the other, Peter Singer has argued that our obligations to donate to agencies such as Oxfam are at least as stringent as the obligation to rescue a child we happened to pass who is drowning in a pond. His argument has triggered a movement, known as “effective altruism,” which encourages people to donate a substantial proportion of their income to the most effective NGOs and advises them on how they can do the most good with their money. This paper examines the debate between these two positions and argues for a pluralist view, according to which duties to correct global injustice should be seen as back-up duties to those duties of aid which (as Singer rightly argues) are of the utmost moral urgency.
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29

Guletz, Maribeth, and Rebecca Minehart. Diabetic Emergencies in Pregnancy. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0057.

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Diabetes in pregnancy is rising in incidence, and with this increase comes additional maternal and fetal risks. Precise diagnosis and timely management of diabetic obstetrical emergencies is critical. In particular, providers must recognize that diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may be seen at much lower glucose levels in pregnant patients compared with nonpregnant patients due to physiologic changes of pregnancy. Fluid resuscitation, correction of acidosis and careful electrolyte, glucose, and insulin replacement remain the mainstays of therapy in DKA during pregnancy. Although maternal mortality has decreased over recent decades, fetal mortality remains high, and therefore a multidisciplinary team should guide assessment and treatment of DKA. Decision for early delivery must weigh both the maternal and fetal status and consider adequacy of resuscitative efforts. This chapter provides a brief overview of diabetes in pregnancy with a focus on the diagnosis and management of diabetic emergencies in the obstetrical patient.
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30

John, Choong. 13 Interim and Emergency Relief: (SIAC RULE 30). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198810650.003.0013.

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This chapter focuses on Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rule 30. Interim or emergency relief is aimed at preserving the status quo between parties pending the resolution of a dispute. A party to a SIAC arbitration has three options for obtaining interim relief during the course of an arbitration. Depending on the circumstances in which the relief is sought, a party can seek interim relief from: (a) the tribunal (Rule 30.1); (b) an emergency arbitrator (Rule 30.2 and Schedule 1); or (c) a court of competent jurisdiction (Rule 30.3). Each of these three options is discussed in turn.
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31

Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.001.0001.

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The last four decades of human history have seen the emergence of an unprecedented number of 'new' infectious diseases: the familiar roll call includes AIDS, Ebola, H5N1 influenza, hantavirus, hepatitis E, Lassa fever, legionnaires' and Lyme diseases, Marburg fever, Rift Valley fever, SARS, and West Nile. The outbreaks range in scale from global pandemics that have brought death and misery to millions, through to self-limiting outbreaks of mainly local impact. Some outbreaks have erupted explosively but have already faded away; some grumble along or continue to devastate as now persistent features in the medical lexicon; in others, a huge potential threat hangs uncertainly and worryingly in the air. Some outbreaks are merely local, others are worldwide. This book looks at the epidemiological and geographical conditions which underpin disease emergence. What are the processes which lead to emergence? Why now in human history? Where do such diseases emerge and how do they spread or fail to spread around the globe? What is the armoury of surveillance and control measures that may curb the impact of such diseases? But, uniquely, it sets these questions on the modern period of disease emergence in an historical context. First, it uses the historical record to set recent events against a much broader temporal canvas, finding emergence to be a constant theme in disease history rather than one confined to recent decades. It concludes that it is the quantitative pace of emergence, rather than its intrinsic nature, that separates the present period from earlier centuries. Second, it looks at the spatial and ecological setting of emergence, using hundreds of specially-drawn maps to chart the source areas of new diseases and the pathways of their spread. The book is divided into three main sections: Part 1 looks at early disease emergence, Part 2 at the processes of disease emergence, and Part 3 at the future for emergent diseases.
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32

Gagné, Gerard G. Use of restraint and emergency medication. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0026.

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Most community hospitals have seen a reduction in the use of restraints in inpatient psychiatric units. The use of emergency medication remains a mainstay in emergency departments and inpatient units. The correctional setting makes use of both practices, modified for the unique characteristics of the correctional setting. The use of seclusion and/or restraint (S/R) in mental health settings has long been fraught with legal and ethical concerns; the practice can be dangerous. This is perhaps accentuated in the more punitive environment of jails and prisons within the United States. While some may perceive S/R as an intervention ultimately to be eliminated, facilities that use S/R for mentally ill patients, be they hospitals, jails, or prisons, should not aim to eliminate it as an intervention; in limited cases it is an appropriate option, particularly for acutely aggressive, agitated patients who require immediate intervention. The use of S/R preserves the safety of the patient, other patients or inmates, and staff. This chapter reviews current guidelines on the use of S/R in correctional health care, and discusses pragmatic issues of implementation and management. Of note, the focus is solely on the use of S/R for mentally ill patient-inmates and not their use by custody staff for safety or security reasons. It also highlights the differences between seclusion and restraint in the community compared to jails and prisons. This chapter discusses the use of restraints and emergency medications, legal precedents that guide their use, as well as best practice demonstrated to minimize their routine application.
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33

Rahul, Sagar. Part III Constituting Democracy, Ch.13 Emergency Powers. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0013.

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This chapter examines constitutional provisions regarding emergency powers in India. It begins with an overview of the emergency provisions enumerated in Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution, with particular emphasis on three types of extraordinary situations. It then considers a curious feature of Part XVIII, the inclusion of Articles 356 and 360, which address failures of constitutional machinery in the States as well as threats to financial stability and credit. It also explores how Articles 352 and 356 have been interpreted over time, focusing on the extent of the executive power once an emergency has been proclaimed and whether the presidential proclamation is subject to judicial review. The chapter concludes by suggesting that the safeguards found in Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution may not be as resilient as they seem.
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34

Doug, Jones. Part V Emergency Arbitrators and Interim Relief, 14 Emergency Arbitrators and Court-Ordered Interim Measures: Is the Choice Important? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0015.

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Parties to a dispute often need urgent relief and may seek interim measures. Interim measures, also known as ‘temporary measures of protection’ or ‘conservatory measures’ are orders by courts or arbitral tribunals directed at the preservation of the status quo until a decision on the merits of the dispute is rendered. Closely related to interim measures is the concept of the emergency arbitrator-an arbitrator appointed post haste upon the application of a party to a dispute to decide an urgent issue that cannot wait until the constitution of the arbitral tribunal to decide it. This chapter considers the emergency arbitrator provisions in the rules of selected arbitral institutions, and the interplay between these provisions and a court’s ability to order interim measures of protection. It discusses the utility of emergency arbitrator provisions in light of issues of enforceability, giving way to both legal and practical implications for the choice between seeking emergency arbitration instead of court-ordered interim measures.
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35

Growing Vegetables From Seed: Successfully, All The Information You Need For Planting Right At Your Fingertips (Incredible Edibles Series) (Emergency Procedures). Ritchie Unlimited Publications, 1998.

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36

Padmanabhan, Rajagopala, and Penny Sappington. Ventricular Assist Devices (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0021.

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Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have become a cornerstone of therapy in the management of end-stage heart failure, both as a means of bridging to cardiac transplantation and as destination therapy for long-term quality of life improvement. Responding to medical emergencies in patients with VADs poses numerous challenges to rapid response team (RRT) providers. Managing these patients requires basic understanding of VAD function and physiology and the multitude of complications that follow their implantation. Most healthcare professionals lack exposure to VADs, and although it may seem daunting, this chapter will provide a systematic approach of how to identify, troubleshoot, diagnose, and manage VAD-associated complications and provide emergency care for the VAD patient.
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37

Pearce, Celia. Role-Play, Improvisation, and Emergent Authorship. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.27.

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This essay explores the notion of role-playing as a form of “emergent authorship,” a bottom-up, procedural process leading to co-created, unexpected narrative outcomes. The essay begins with an overview of role-playing practices in the context of what might be termed the “participatory turn” in performance and culture, providing examples tabletop and live action role-playing games. Goffman’s concept of “engrossment” (from his writings on games) is compared to Csikszentmihalyi’s notion of “flow” as applied to role-playing and emergent authorship. The relationship of character to role-play is also explored through Schechners “not me, not not me” paradox, in which a character is seen as a hybrid between the performer and the fictional entity. Finally, drawing on Goffman and Fine, I outline a series of sociological “frames” that describe the functions within role-playing, and conclude with further discussion of role-playing as it fits into the larger participatory turn in performance and culture.
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38

(Editor), Philip E. Auerswald, Lewis M. Branscomb (Editor), Todd M. La Porte (Editor), and Erwann O. Michel-Kerjan (Editor), eds. Seeds of Disaster, Roots of Response: How Private Action Can Reduce Public Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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39

Starkie, Andrew. The Legacy of the ‘Caroline Divines’, Restoration, and the Emergence of the High Church Tradition. Edited by Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580187.013.1.

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The promotion of conciliarist ideas in the reign of James I created a space for both liberal Arminian and conservative Laudian ideas to shape the Church of England’s self-identity under regal patronage, whilst largely excluding the influence of both Puritans and Roman Catholics. The Restoration Church after 1660 inherited these conciliarist ideas, while the conservative heirs of Laud emerged as the High Church party, a party which continued to articulate its ecclesiological vision into the eighteenth century and beyond, most notably in the writings of Henry Dodwell, George Bull, George Hickes, and William Law. However, conservative conciliarism failed to survive the demise of the ancient regime, and this can be seen in the affinity of some of the Tractarians with French ultramontanists.
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40

Holmes, Brooke. The Body of Western Embodiment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190490447.003.0002.

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Much of western philosophy, especially ancient Greek philosophy, addresses the problems posed by embodiment. This chapter argues that to grasp the early history of embodiment is to see the category of the body itself as historically emergent. Bruno Snell argued that Homer lacked a concept of the body (sōma), but it is the emergence of body in the fifth century BCE rather than the appearance of mind or soul that is most consequential for the shape of ancient dualisms. The body takes shape in Hippocratic medical writing as largely hidden and unconscious interior space governed by impersonal forces. But Plato’s corpus demonstrates that while Plato’s reputation as a somatophobe is well grounded and may arise in part from the way the body takes shape in medical and other physiological writing, the Dialogues represent a more complex position on the relationship between body and soul than Plato’s reputation suggests.
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41

(Editor), Philip E. Auerswald, Lewis M. Branscomb (Editor), Todd M. La Porte (Editor), and Erwann O. Michel-Kerjan (Editor), eds. Seeds of Disaster, Roots of Response: How Private Action Can Reduce Public Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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42

E, Auerswald Philip, ed. Seeds of disaster, roots of response: How private action can reduce public vulnerability. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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43

Rich Dorman, Sara. The Politics of Exclusion (2000–2008). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634889.003.0006.

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These are years of uncertainty and crisis for many in rural and urban parts of Zimbabwe, as land reform is expanded and political violence is deployed against opponents. While this period is often seen as a "rupture" in Zimbabwe’s political trajectory, the chapter argues that there are in fact strong continuities which reveal the reproduction of practices and norms from earlier years. The chapter charts efforts by the regime to rebuild and remobilize the nationalist coalition, after the loss of the constitutional referendum and the emergence of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), which shapes the new opposition’s experience of fighting elections. It then demonstrates the ways in which state institutions and resources were used in this process, despite the economic crisis precipitated by hyperinflation. We see that despite attempts by the nascent and fragmented opposition to generate alternative discourses, the regime’s control of coercion and state institutions, and a powerfully resonant rhetoric gave it the power to resist demands for change.
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44

Krengel, Maxine, and Roberta F. White. Neurological Disorders and Symptoms Associated with Psychological/Behavioral Problems. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.31.

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Several neurological syndromes and neurocognitive disorders can result in behavioral and affective symptoms that may be present in an emergent situation or are present in the medical context. Clinicians who see patients with new or unusual behavioral symptoms are often faced with the challenge of determining when patients are in need of follow-up diagnostic evaluation. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the expression of behavioral changes in neurological disease that we have encountered in our own extensive clinical experience. We do not provide an exhaustive review of all disorders or neurocognitive symptoms, but rather focus on common conditions that present frequently in the context of behavioral emergencies. This discussion is aimed at sensitizing clinicians to the possibility of neurologic disease in patients with prominent behavioral symptomatology.
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45

Coleman, Janet. Medieval Political Theory c.1000–1500. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0012.

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This article focuses on a selection of Christian political theorists who have been considered by scholars over many generations, indeed centuries, to have contributed to a variety of distinctive discourses about the relationships between individuals and authority. There is a sense in which what political theorizing “is” during the Middle Ages is a set of positions and justificatory explanations about “sovereign power.” The attempt to fix the boundary between sacred and temporal authority during the eleventh-century pontificate of Gregory VII is normally seen to have spawned the major and long-enduring debates in medieval political theory (and beyond) over the relation between temporal and spiritual powers. This article highlights the emergence of legal experts in canon law and civil law, to whom the name “political theorists” should not seem anachronistic. It also considers how political theory was generated as a “civil science.” Finally, it looks at some themes at the heart of medieval political theory, particularly property and poverty, the Dominican political theory of Thomas Aquinas, and Franciscans' political theory.
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Nutt, David J., and Liam J. Nestor. What is addiction? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0001.

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Substance addiction is defined as a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by (1) compulsion to seek and take a substance, (2) loss of control in limiting substance intake, and (3) the emergence of a negative emotional state (e.g. dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) reflecting a motivational withdrawal syndrome when access to the substance is prevented. Importantly, the occasional but limited use of addictive substances is clinically distinct from escalated substance use, loss of control over substance intake, and the emergence of chronic compulsive substance-seeking that characterizes addiction. Importantly, substance addiction (including alcohol) is a manifestation of the long-term pharmacological actions substances have on receptor mechanisms in brain networks that govern cognitive and psychological processes that have evolved for human survival.
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47

Bronstein, Michaela. What Chronology Demands of Us. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655396.003.0004.

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Why tell a story out of order? Conrad’s narrative experiments are usually read as reflecting a skeptical attitude toward human achievement and knowledge: he tells events out of order, critics suggest, in order to question whether any version of events is more valid than any other; experience dissolves into fragmentary chaos. This chapter shows that by upending chronology, Conrad instead provokes the reader to see the connections between different moments, and to become invested in the process of using disparate perspectives as material for the reader’s own single understanding. In Conrad’s chronological and perspectival experiments, Ngũgĩ sees tools for acknowledging the complexity of events—like British actions during the state of emergency in Kenya—while at the same time compelling his readers to take a political and moral stand on them. He uses achronology and multiple voices to demand an international audience’s engagement with the crises and dilemmas of decolonization.
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Nelson, Katherine. The Cultural Construction of Memory in Early Childhood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190230814.003.0009.

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Research on memory from infancy through early childhood and the school years over the past four decades has dramatically changed our knowledge about the development of this important mental faculty. This chapter considers the important changes in memory during the preschool years, with emphasis on the emergence of autobiographical memory toward the end of that period, the significance of social and cultural contributions to this emergence in terms of the “mediated mind,” and the qualitative changes in memory and self-concept necessary for its mature operations. These developments are considered in relation to the evolutionary levels of human language and cognition described by Donald (see chapter 1).
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Potter, David. Disruption. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518823.001.0001.

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Disruption is about radical change—why it happens and how. Drawing on case studies ranging from the fourth century AD through the twentieth century, we look at how long-established systems of government and thought are challenged, how new institutions are created, and new ideas become powerful. While paying attention to the underlying political, intellectual, economic, and environmental sources of social disruption, we will see that no matter what similarities there might be between forces that shake different societies, these underlying factors do not dictate specific outcomes. The human actors are ultimately the most important; their decisions drive the conclusions that we see over time. Through our case studies, we can explore successful and unsuccessful decision making, and the emergence of the ideas that conditioned human actions. We’ll explore the development of Islam and of Christian doctrine, of constitutional thought, of socialism, and social Darwinism. We’ll look at how these ideas, all of them emerging on the fringes of society, became central. We’ll also have our eyes set on whether the sorts of disruptive forces we’ve seen in the past are present at this time. We’ll look at the issues confronting the liberal democracies that have been the dominant political/economic forces on our planet in the last half century and see how they have come under stress in the last few decades. And we will look at the possibility that we’re facing a new period of disruption and at what we can learn from the past about how change can be constructive rather than destructive.
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Nagel, Jennifer. 7. Shifting standards? Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199661268.003.0007.

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Some words have context-sensitivity. Some words (like ‘I’ and ‘now’) are sensitive to the speaker's identity and location in time and space. Others (like ‘big’ and ‘tall’) are sensitive to a comparison class. ‘Shifting standards?’ discusses the emergence of contextualism, which grew out of the ‘Relevant Alternatives’ theory of knowledge. Contextualism is a theory about knowledge-attributing language. The idea is that ‘know’ expresses something different as situations change. The view that knowledge is absolute, in the sense that the words we use for it are not context-sensitive, is known as ‘invariantism’. Invariantism faces a challenge in explaining the shifting intuitions that make knowledge sometimes seem easy and sometimes seem hard.
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