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Academic literature on the topic 'Seed fund'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seed fund"

Molnár, Endre Mihály, and Erika Jáki. "What qualities do government-owned venture capital investors seek in a new venture? A comparison of investment criteria across pre-seed, seed, and expansion stage startups." Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review 51, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/veztud.2020.11.06.

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Private venture capital (VC) investors usually do not invest in early life-cycle stage startups such as seed and pre-seed companies, since investment size typically doesn’t reach investment thresholds. The entry of governments with fund managers to venture capital markets presents seed and pre-seed companies with the opportunity to receive funding. This paper examines the main investment preferences of Hungarian government-owned venture capital investors regarding pre-seed, seed, and expansion stage startups. Verbal protocol analysis enabled examination of the screening process in real-time in all three life-cycle stages. It is found that governmental VC funds mostly value financial indicators followed by market-related qualities while private VCs value these characteristics in alternate formation. However, in the pre-seed stage, the financial acumen and capabilities of management teams form the main criteria in similarity to angel investors. Governmental VCs also greatly seek innovational value in target firms.

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Davis, John M., Pamela S. Soltis, Damian C. Adams, Sherry L. Larkin, and Robert A. Gilbert. "Seed Funds Leverage External Awards for Research in Natural Resources and Agricultural Systems." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010076.

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In the United States, “seed fund” programs in biomedical fields have been reported to enhance faculty success in securing federal awards. Seed funds are relatively small internal grants that are allocated by universities to their faculty to invigorate research, in anticipation that they will lead to larger benefits—these benefits could be the creation of stronger teams that lead to larger external grants and/or more impactful publications. We hypothesized that a seed funding approach for research on natural resources and agricultural systems, including forest systems, may have similar benefits. Here, we report that seed funding supported faculty development in numerous ways, including leveraging to generate external competitive awards. For each dollar of institutional investment in each of the three seed funding programs, faculty acquired $6, >$50, and $4.50, respectively, in external funding that was leveraged within three years of the seed fund award date. Notably, the majority of the leveraged funding was from federal granting agencies through competitive programs. Federal competitive awards are important elements of tenure and promotion dossiers, as they reflect success in acquiring grants that are difficult to obtain, thus providing evidence of research excellence. We speculate that the seed fund proposal review process prepared faculty for competitive awards. Finally, we suggest best management practices for the implementation of seed funding to support teams of faculty.

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Swearingen, Will, Robin Gaster, Michael Wallner, Jeff Peterson, and Ray Friesenhahn. "Is SBIR a Government Venture Fund?" Technology & Innovation 22, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/21.4.2021.3.

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The federal government's well-known Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program funds small businesses that are developing and commercializing innovative new technology. It is commonly regarded as a "government venture fund." This label is unfortunate. Within the U.S., it has caused the SBIR program to be criticized both for competing with private ven- ture capital funds (VCs) and for wasting scarce taxpayer resources on small businesses that, according to some detractors, are not as successful at generating innovation as venture capital (VC)-backed companies. These criticisms divert attention from SBIR program successes, generate unnecessary drama during congressional SBIR reauthorization debates, and sideline important opportunities to improve the SBIR program. Outside the U.S., the "government venture fund" concept disguises the very real differences between the SBIR program and VCs, potentially undermining the effectiveness of government initiatives to promote innovation. There are actually few similarities between the SBIR program and VCs—aside from the fact that both provide comparable amounts of seed-stage funding to small technology firms. As a matter of public policy, it needs to be clearly understood that the SBIR program is not a government venture fund, does not compete with VCs, and has objectives of national economic and soci- etal importance that do not conflict with those of private-sector investors. This paper begins by comparing the number and size of SBIR and VC seed-stage investments in the U.S. Then it contrasts their very different objectives, company selection criteria, staging of investments, obligations imposed on recipient companies, and metrics used to measure success.

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Ewald, Christian-Oliver, and Hai Zhang. "Hedge fund seeding via fees-for-seed swaps under idiosyncratic risk." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 71 (October 2016): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2016.07.007.

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Ptacek, O. "Delivering Support to SMEs in a Business- Friendly Way: The Seed Fund." European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 7, no. 4 (2012): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2012/4/154.

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Gong, Ning, and Bruce D. Grundy. "The design of charitable fund-raising schemes: Matching grants or seed money." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 108 (December 2014): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.09.007.

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Motta, Gustavo da Silva, Rogério Hermida Quintella, and Pauli Adriano de Almada Garcia. "Patento-scientometric indicators for the selection of projects by investment funds." VINE 45, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 446–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vine-10-2014-0056.

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Purpose – This paper aims to assess a method that applies scientometric and patentometric indicators in the selection process of projects by seed capital funds. There is increasing interest in technology-based enterprises, for their capacity to contribute to economic and social development. Nevertheless, in practice, there is some difficulty in assessing non-financial criteria associated with technology for the purposes of choosing investment opportunities. Design/methodology/approach – The literature has presented various methods to instrumentalize the process of evaluation and selection of investment projects. This study focuses on an enterprise that received an investment by the largest seed capital fund in Brazil, to assess to what extent scientific and technological indicators can contribute to understanding the market potential of the firm’s technology. Findings – The results show that the use of scientometric and patentometric indicators favors the process of judging non-financial criteria, in particular those related to technology, market, divestment and team. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is in the evaluation of a patento-scientometric approach for the selection process of projects by seed capital funds.

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Kavelenova, Lyudmila, Nataly Roguleva, Nikolay Yankov, Irina Ruzaeva, Elena Pavlova, Darya Nakrainikova, and Nikolay Potrachov. "Assessment of the quality of seeds formed in situ and ex situ as a mandatory element of maintaining seed banks of rare plants." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 05012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126505012.

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The possibility of seed genetic banks creating is associated with the ability of many plants seeds (the so-called orthodox ones) to maintain germination ability for a long time, being in a dormant state. This opens up wide prospects for the formation of a reserve seeds fund of rare species that are threatened with extinction in natural communities. Botanical gardens in different countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, are working on the creation of such seed banks. To assess the quality of seeds in relation to agricultural crops, as well as natural flora species, radiography is used. It is this kind of non-damaging express assessment of the quality of seeds that turns out to be the most informative technique for seed material obtained in botanical gardens. The article presents the preliminary results of an X-ray study of the seeds quality of some Samara region rare plants - four species ofthe Iris genus - Iris aphylla L., I. halophila Pall., I. pumila L., I. sibirica L.

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Mungai, Edward Mbucho. "Climate financing: case study of Kenya Climate Venture Ltd." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2020-0355.

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Learning outcomes Upon completion of the case study discussions, successful students will be able to: discuss the challenges of green financing and provide solutions on how to address such challenges. Explore the different dimensions for structuring a green financing fund. Analyse the risks and suggest a mechanism for de-risking an investment fund. Case overview/synopsis Kenya Climate Venture was established in 2016 as an independent subsidiary of Kenya Climate Innovation Centre, with a seed capital of $5m from European development financing institutions Danida and UKAid and the fund raised another $5m in new capital in early 2020. Its remit was to invest in commercially viable enterprises in agribusiness, water, commercial forestry, renewable energy and waste management, largely targeting small and medium-sized enterprises. The case is exploring three themes; Theme1: Challenges of climate financing, Theme 2: Structuring a climate financing fund Theme 3: De-risking an investment fund. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

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Bashir, Mohammed Bawuro, Augustine Anthony Ndaghu, Nakwe Stephen Haruna Gbana, Mark Tikwe Kyaru, and Rubang Tari Samuel. "Factors Influencing Adoption of Groundnut Production Technologies Among Women Farmers in Gassol Local Government Area, Taraba State." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.9s.

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The various groundnut production technologies considered were pesticides, processing and packaging, tillage, storage, improved seeds, seed treatment, weeding, transportation, spacing and planting date, fertilizer application and harvesting. Constraints include inadequate fund (2.7), followed by high cost of farm inputs (2.6) and inadequate storage facilities (2.6) were found to alter the adoption of groundnut production technologies among women farmers. Government should help link women farmers with improved groundnut production technologies (improved seeds, farm tools and machine, pesticides, and storage facilities) in order to attain a peak groundnut production in the state at large.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seed fund"

Uusivuori, Mikael, Axel Andersson, and Latif Andersson. "Perceptions of Swedish Fund Managers of Equity Crowdfunding." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26768.

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Equity crowdfunding (ECF) is the smallest of four main types of crowdfunding (CF) and has emerged as a new form of investment, where investors receive equity of a company in return for capital. Over the past years, the development of CF has given entrepreneurs the option to seek funding from a new source, instead of relying solely on venture capital (VC) and other sources of funding (Mollick, 2013). However, the implementation of regulations for ECF has not yet developed enough to make such investing equally consistent for everyone. Equity crowdfunded ventures can potentially attract a large number of investors that can possibly create corporate governance issues between the entrepreneur and investors. Additionally, individual investors might both lack the competence or incentive to extensively research and assess a venture and make an investment. Due to the growth in ECF and the lack of knowledge of it, the purpose of this thesis was to discover the perceptions of Swedish fund managers (FMs) regarding the nature of ECF and their interest in it. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, previous studies were carefully examined to gain a thorough understanding of the area of study. Furthermore, the empirical findings were gathered through a course of seven semi-structured interviews of Swedish FMs. Empirical findings suggested that ECF has remained as a means of providing only seed-stage funding for ventures and that it is a marginal phenomenon in Sweden. ECF was believed to potentially disturb the VC industry if it grew and moved to a later stage. Additionally, ECF was found to be a good option for companies that were unable to receive funding from traditional funding methods. Risks of fraud and other scandals should be prevented for ECF to maintain its popularity. The findings implied that the future of ECF remains uncertain. Based on the perceptions of Swedish FMs, ECF neither would replace nor be a threat to traditional methods.

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Štochlová, Karolina. "BUILDING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATIVE START-UPS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125161.

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The goal of this thesis is to identify the challenges and success factors of the support system for innovative start-ups in the Czech Republic as well as to formulate recommendations for the implementation of the currently envisaged Seed fund project. The thesis covers the specifics of start-up companies and barriers for their development and puts them in relation with the current state of the Czech entrepreneurial environment and its innovation performance. Hard data as well as opinions of experts and potential investors are assessed to analyze the needs and motivations of both demand and supply sides of the venture capital market in order to provide some valuable insights which may help the support system to improve the access of entrepreneurs to external finance and boost the creation of innovative start-ups in the Czech Republic. The main suggestions introduced relate to the focus on retaining strict transparency, to the careful selection of entities evaluating the viability of projects and those providing services assisting the entrepreneurs in the preparation phase. Finally, the right setting of conditions of the Seed fund to attract both private investors and entrepreneurs will determine the success of the whole project.

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Ejerhed, Johan. "Public-Private VC-funding : an oxymoron? Starting biotechnology ventures in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2357.

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The purpose of this Master's Thesis is to investigate the outlooks for a seed stage venture capital fund investing in biotechnology-related spinouts from public research to be established in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Recommendations on how to improve any discovered deficits of the fund's prerequisites are also to be presented.

Analyses showed that the spinout potential of the research in the region is weak. The entrepreneurial prerequisites of the researchers, in terms of previous experience, business knowledge and a track record that would vouch for them being suitable entrepreneurs, are generally poor. Nor is there sufficient industry in the region to facilitate the establishment of and subsequent businesses for the spinouts. The seed fund must therefore provide any future portfolio ventures with a substantial amount of Hands-on Management.

To improve the prerequisites for the seed fund, PVA-MV must influence the researchers'attitude towards spinouts and make the monetary gains more visible. The researchers must be imbued with a business approach in their research and PVA-MV must market its services as being the intermediary of government, universities and industry and as being able to create opportunities for researchers as well as for industry. PVA-MV should also focus on the few institutes and individual researchers that do have some favourable entrepreneurial characteristics, in order to evoke professional entrepreneurs with a forming track record. To cope with the deficient prerequisites of the fund, PVA-MV must expand the competence of its own work force and focus on the rate of return rather than on building regional infrastructure pro bono as a governmental agency.

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Chang, Yu-Wei 1977. "Isolation and characterization of proteins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115839.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed is a potential source of protein ingredients with desirable nutritional and functional properties. Knowledge of molecular characteristics of a food protein is essential before a protein can gain widespread use as a food ingredient. The objectives of this study were to prepare chickpea proteins using different extraction methods and precipitation methods and to investigate molecular characteristics using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE; Native and SDS), reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques. Proteins of ground chickpea seed were extracted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and with citric acid solutions and precipitated with addition of acid and by cryoprecipitation. The protein contents of the protein preparation ranged from 49% to 97%. The microstructures of chickpea protein isolates examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of starch grains in the cryoprecipitates from citric acid extraction but not in isoelectric precipitates. The globulins (legumins and vicilins), glutelins, and albumins from both citric acid and NaOH isolates were characterized by Native-PAGE. The cryoprecipitates contained mainly the globulin-rich proteins. With SDS-PAGE characterization, protein subunits were identified as follows: (i) legumin subunits: MW 40, 39, 26, 23, and 22 kDa, (ii) vicilin subunits: MW 50, 37, 33, 19, and 15 kDa, (iii) glutelin subunits: 58, 55, and 54 kDa, and (iv) albumin subunits: 10 kDa. Separation of fractions of isolated chickpea proteins by RP-HPLC showed that early eluting fractions (Rt 20-30 min) consisted of subunits of MW 6.5-31 kDa (SDS-PAGE). At elution time 30-36 min, the fractions obtained were composed mainly of mixtures of legumin and vicilin subunits (MW 14-45 kDa). The major subunits of chickpea protein fractions from both cryoprecipitates and isoelectric precipitates are legumin basic subunit (MW∼23 kDa) and vicilin-rich proteins (MW∼19, 17, 15 kDa). ESI-MS analysis of fractions separated by RP-HPLC showed MW ranging between 5.1 and 53.5 kDa. The subunits of MW 35366, 27626, 22864, 20531, 16092, and 15626 Da of fractions from ESI-MS corresponded to MW 35.3, 28.0, 24.1, 20.5, 16.1, and 15.3 kDa identified in SDS-PAGE. These fractions were identified as legumin-rich and vicilin-rich proteins.

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Koppitz, David. "Využití rizikového a rozvojového kapitálu pro podporu začínajících inovativních podniků v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223659.

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Innovation entrepreneurship is built not only on a quality idea, but also on the availability of start-up capital and management skills of the idea owner. The insufficient finance often limits the success and growth potential of start-ups. When seeking support to individual business plans, allowing for entry of a business angel could be an option. Business angels are private, mostly experienced investors who invest in SMEs with high growth potential not only financial capital, but also business know-how, contacts and management experience. Thesis evaluates possibilities to use venture capital offered by business angels to support innovative start-ups and on several case studies assesses readiness of innovation and business environment from the investors’ point of view.

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Kempe, Andreas, Christoph Neinhuis, and Thea Lautenschläger. "Adansonia digitata and Adansonia gregorii fruit shells serve as a protection against high temperatures experienced during wildfires." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234853.

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The thick and woody shell of the fruit of Adansonia species cannot be explained solely by adaptation to zoochory or hydrochory. Since the trunks of Adansonia possess a thick and fire-resistant bark and wildfires occur regularly in its habitat (savannah), we examined with the African Adanonia digitata and the Australian Adansonia gregorii whether the fruit offers protection against high heat typically experienced in wildfires. Heat-resistance tests were conducted by applying a simple heat test based on known temperature and temperature residence times occurring in savannah fires and complemented by tests to reveal the impact of heat on germination since long-term seed dormancy is known for Adansonia. Germination tests with acid treated and heat treated seeds were performed to establish if heat also increased germination rate as effectively as acid treatments have been found to do. Heat was found to increase germination rate, but not as effectively as treatment with acid, therefore fruits exposed to high temperatures experienced in wildfires may have a better chance of germination than fruits that were not exposed to wildfires. The ability of the investigated fruits to protect seeds from high temperatures suggests that wildfires may have played a role in the evolution of the hard-shell structure typically found in Adansonia.

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Asiedu, Ernest Assah. "The response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) seeds differing in seed coat colour to storage and reduced water availability during germination." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU482662.

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These studies were conducted to determine the response of cowpea cultivars differing in seed coat colour to storage and reduced water availability during germination, and to relate these to the chemical composition of their seed coats. Seeds of five cowpea cultivars were stored under simulated tropical conditions (30°C/75.5% r.h.) for 6 months, subjected to accelerated ageing (40°C/100% r.h.) for 6 days or controlled deterioration (40°C/20% m.c.) for 4 days. Unpigmented seeds showed more rapid deterioration which was revealed by low germinations, high leachate conductivity and poor vital staining with 2, 3, 5 Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC). These differences were attributed to differences in moisture contents that occurred in storage as well as genotypic differences. Increased susceptibility to imbibition damage occurred during storage particularly in unpigmented seeds. The seed vigour parameters at the end of the stimulated tropical storage correlated well with accelerated ageing, suggesting the possible use of rapid ageing to predict the storage potential of cowpea seeds. Percentage radicle emergence was high in the pigmented cultivars germinated at -0.0015, -0.1 and -0.15 MPa and lower in unpigmented cultivars as matric potential was reduced. Imposition of reduced water availability (-0.15 Mpa) after 12, 24 and 48 hours germination at -0.0015 MPa led to slower rates of radicle emergence in all seeds transferred at 12 and 24 hours. In the unpigmented cultivars, these early transfers led to reduced radicle emergence after 7 days and low final normal germination after transfer to -0.0015 MPa for a further 7 days. This deleterious effect was revealed by poor vital staining of the embryonic axes. Protein synthesis of root tips after 24 hours -0.0015 MPa, 96 hours -0.15 MPa followed by a recovery period of 48 hours -0.0015 MPa was twice as much in the pigmented cultivar which explained its greater ability to recover from stress. Screening of a further ten cultivars for tolerance of reduced water availability revealed three groupings, (1) unpigmented cultivars that showed low final normal germination and rapid rates of water uptake in water, (2) smooth-coated pigmented cultivars that showed high final germination and slow rates of water uptake and (3) wrinkled -coated pigmented cultivars which showed intermediate germination and high rates of water uptake.

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Jones, Naomi Elizabeth. "Temporal and spatial variation of the vegetation seed bank and seed-rain in set-aside and adjacent habitats." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068101.

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In this study set-aside development was monitored (1989-1992) at Aldroughty Farm, Morayshire as part of an integrated project looking at plant and animal dynamics in set-aside, crop and semi-natural habitats. The vegetation, seed bank and seed rain were monitored in adjacent set-aside, semi natural and cropped areas. Initially set-aside vegetation consisted of annual arable species, but wind dispersed species and longer-lived perennials invaded rapidly. This process was more rapid on smaller plots and ingress of perennials occurred more quickly closer to the field margin. There was little invasion from adjacent semi-natural habitats and the field margin was the most important source of colonising species. Cropped areas were not significantly affected by adjacent set-aside. Seed banks were analysed using germination and extraction techniques which gave different estimates. Highest densities were found on set-aside land indicating the problems associated with returning set-aside to agricultural production. Changes in the seed bank were less apparent than in the vegetation, but within-year variation was great and carryover of seeds from October to March was low. The seed rain was monitored using gravel traps. Densities were highest on set-aside and lowest in the crop and wood. Individual species exhibited different phenologies in seed shedding, but peak deposition coincided with cutting. Dispersal from the set-aside into the crop was very low and dispersal distances were small. Vegetation and seed rain were similar in species composition in the set-aside areas. Although the seed rain was similar to seed bank samples taken immediately after seed shed, a large proportion of seeds did not enter the seed bank. Set-aside land did not develop into semi-natural habitat, however species diversity increased and the land provided a food source and an undisturbed habitat for animals. The real concern is the return of set-aside land to agricultural production, because of increased seed bank densities.

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Kyereh, Boateng. "Seed phenology and germination of Ghanaian forest trees." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068828.

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Seed production and germination of some timber tree species were studied in Ghana for possible prediction of seed yield and natural regeneration. Seed phenology in 13 species was monitored for two years, using permanent seed traps in two forest sites. Seed germination tests were conducted in neutral, green shade and dark in shade houses for 20 species. In the forest, germination was tested in forest gaps receiving different irradiances. Fruiting frequency ranged from twice in each year to supra-annual fruiting. Fruiting periods for species were consistent between years. Fruiting synchrony was higher among individuals of a population than between sites for the same species. Fecundity differed between years for the majority of species and between sites for species common to both sites. Premature fruit abscission was quite common. Maximum seed weight and percentage germination occurred during peak fall of mature seeds. Seeds of the majority of species germinated equally in light and dark and also in neutral and low red: far red ratio. These included some species previously classified as pioneers. In the forest germination was depressed in a large clearing for the majority of species. The use of photoblastic germination alone to define pioneers leads to a smaller group of pioneer species than is presently recognised. Large gaps due to logging may discourage natural regeneration.

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Legesse, Nigussu. "Genotypic comparisons of imbibition in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU546773.

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Examination of the imbibition characteristics of eighty chickpea genetic lines (53 Desi and 27 Kabuli types) and eleven cowpea cultivars revealed that in both species seeds with unpigmented testae imbibed more rapidly than the pigmented seeds. Rapid imbibition was associated with high solute leakage, indicative of possible imbibition damage. Further evidence of imbibition damage was revealed in cowpea where the rapidly imbibing unpigmented seeds had poor vital staining with tetrazolium chloride after 24h imbibition. In chickpea, all the genetic lines of white Kabuli seeds had similar rapid rates of imbibition. In contrast, the pigmented Desi genetic lines revealed a range of rates of water uptake although many imbibed more slowly than the Kabuli lines. The incidence of delayed imbibers, that is, seeds which failed to imbibe until after 8h in water, was the main reason for reduced rates of imbibition in Desi lines. The restriction to water uptake by the pigmented seeds was mainly influenced by the properties of the seed coat. In cowpea seeds, the permeability of the seed coat was the most important factor limiting water uptake whereas in chickpea the permeability of the seed coat as a whole and of the micropyle as well as the degree of adherence of the seed coat to the cotyledons were important in regulating the movement of water into the seed. Investigation of the rate of imbibition during the maturation of dwarf French bean, cowpea and chickpea seeds revealed that development of slow water uptake by coloured cultivars was clearly associated with the appearance of pigmentation. In chickpea, this also coincided with the development of the adherence of the seed coat to the cotyledons. In contrast, seeds from unpigmented cultivars imbibed rapidly at all stages of maturation. Examination of the seed coat anatomy of chickpea and cowpea indicated that the pigmented seeds tended to have shorter and narrower palisade cells and also shorter tracheid bars than the unpigmented seeds. Differences in water uptake by Kabuli and Desi seeds were not evident when seeds were stored at 100% relative humidity and 40^oC for days. All seeds deteriorated at a similar rate. However, the importance of initial seed quality in influencing deterioration during storage was emphasised by the rapid loss of germination of the Kabuli seeds in which germination and vital staining revealed poor initial quality.

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Books on the topic "Seed fund"

Murray, Gordon. The European seed-capital fund network: Review of the first three years. Coventry: Warwick Business School, 1992.

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Murray, Gordon. The European seed-capital fund network: Review of the first three years : interim report. Coventry: Warwick Business School, 1992.

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Man, Izi. Seed and deed: A century of deed in brown, green and blue : Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael 1901-2001. Jerusalem: Jewish National Fund, 2002.

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Sarafian, Haig E. Innovating the Public Service of Canada. [Ottawa: Canada School of Public Service], 2004.

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Meyer, Richard T. The 1993 national census of seed capital funds. Atlanta, Ga: Orion Technical Associates, 1993.

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Don't just applaud, send money: The most succesful strategies for funding and marketing the arts. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.

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Wyler, Rose. Science fun with peanuts and popcorn. New York: J. Messner, 1986.

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Have you seen my finger: Every page of this book needs your finger to make the fun complete! New York: Random House, 1992.

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Counte, Scott La. Build your own app for fun and profit. Chicago: Huron Street Press, 2012.

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Office, United States Government Accountability. U.S. Postal Service: Purchasing changes seem promising, but ombudsman revisions and continued oversight are needed : report to the Chairman, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: United States Governmental Accountability Office, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seed fund"

Cronin, Mary J. "Impact Investing at the Base of the Pyramid: Unitus Seed Fund." In Managing for Social Impact, 217–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46021-5_13.

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Puozaa, Doris K., Alhassan Nuhu Jinbaani, Desmond S. Adogoba, Douglas Busagri, Masawudu Abdul Rasheed, Abdul Rashid Issah, and Richard Oteng-Frimpong. "Enhancing Access to Quality Seed of Improved Groundnut Varieties Through Multi-Stakeholder Platforms in Northern Ghana." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 65–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_5.

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AbstractOne of the main constraints to groundnut production has been the use of low yielding varieties, susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. Multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs) have been used by agricultural research organizations to help make their research more relevant and to facilitate the adaptation and dissemination of findings. In the implementation of TLIII project in Ghana, eight MSPs were set up with the objective to improve groundnut productivity among actors through improved access to varieties and related technologies. Through trainings, demonstrations and field days, the platform members totalling 347 (55% being female) were exposed to two existing improved groundnut varieties and several candidate varieties which were yet to be released. The actors have become important sources of high-quality groundnut seed in their communities and beyond with the production of 5 tons of seed of the new varieties. The seed farms where improved varieties were planted and managed using good agronomic practices (GAPS) yielded up to 1.6 tons/ha, 70% higher than the use of their old varieties and practices on their personal farms which gave less than 0.5 tons/ha. This form of experiential learning was observed to be very useful in the willingness of platform members to uptake technology. As unintended benefits, through the use of funds raised by the associations, the sanitation and health of some members and their households were improved, and many engaged in non-farm businesses. Going forward, good conflict resolution skills and access to funds for supporting platform activities and members’ individual interests would be very important in the sustainability of these platforms.

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So, Ming-chuen Allison. "Ritual and Non-ritual Daoist Music at Fung Ying Seen Koon: Their Role, Transmission, Sustainability and Challenges in Hong Kong." In Traditional Musics in the Modern World: Transmission, Evolution, and Challenges, 223–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91599-9_14.

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Moran, Gerard. "Achill and West of Ireland Seed Potato Fund 1." In The History of the Irish Famine, 363–77. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315513652-52.

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Vedantam, Leela. "Toward a Typology of Crowdfunding Motivations." In Crowdsourcing, 152–72. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8362-2.ch008.

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Crowdfunding is a modern approach to provide real-time financial assistance to those entrepreneurs who are interested in starting seed ventures. This phenomenon is developing slowly and the financial regulators are considering options to put appropriate checks and balances to regulate these activities. Although the experience of crowdfunding may not be satisfying as it ought to be, but there a sense of willingness on the part of the civil society to participate in crowdfunding as it is associated with a good cause. It is important to note that crowdfunding as a system is being based amongst small and mid-sized income group members. The motivation to support the cause of entrepreneurs is growing as the fund lenders are novice and in the threshold stage of supporting such seed ventures. The motivations of fund lender differ depending on their personal and environmental factors, especially in connection to the emerging laws and mandatory disclosures under the financial regulatory regime. In this paper, the focus is on (i) identification of what motivates fund lenders to support entrepreneurs and the impact of the fund movement.

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Vedantam, Leela. "Toward a Typology of Crowdfunding Motivations." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 108–28. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9604-4.ch005.

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"The Mustard Seed." In Have Fun in Burma, 73–82. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501757112-009.

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Chhabra, Shalini. "Mutual Fund." In Foreign Direct Investments, 210–24. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch009.

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Mutual funds provide various facilities that make saving and investing simple, accessible and affordable, by using professional management, diversification, variety of products, liquidity, affordability, convince. Moreover, strict government regulation and full disclosure of information makes the investment more secures in India. In India mutual funds market the key area of interest of market experts are understanding the investor's expectations and meeting those expectations. The mutual fund sector is one of the fast growing sectors in Indian economy and has tremendous potential for sustained future growth. The present era of exponential growth has seen changes, refinements and innovation etc. the industry needs to identify the expectation and houses of the investors and meet their expectations in a better way by overcoming the challenges the mutual fund industry is facing. Keeping in view that ever increasing competition of similar or alternative product, marketing has been concerned the most vital area of operation of Mutual funds industry. Mutual fund Marketing is different from marketing of other goods. The present chapter tries to explore the marketing strategies adopted by Mutual funds, the different 7 Ps that are involved by the various mutual funds for attracting the investors.

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Chhabra, Shalini. "Mutual Fund." In Strategic Marketing Management and Tactics in the Service Industry, 134–52. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2475-5.ch006.

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Sofo, Francesco, Alison Wicks, Michelle Sofo, Riyana Miranti, and Luke Taylor-Ide. "Multiple Perspectives for Poverty Reduction." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 523–42. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3247-7.ch027.

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The 193 United Nations member countries, focused on halving world poverty by 2015, set eight Millennium Development Goals. A new 2030 agenda for sustainable development has replaced the failed goals; it comprises 17 new sustainable development goals including ending poverty. 1.2 billion people (about 20% of the world's population) cannot fulfil most basic daily needs to live without fear, hunger, or suffering. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) estimates that more than one billion people in the world live on less than US$1 a day while 2.7 billion struggle to survive on less than US$2 per day. The chapter strategically examines four perspectives (economic, sociological, occupational, and educational) to identify some of the key success factors to ensure the viability of new micro-businesses. A theoretical framework that incorporates these perspectives and the SEED–SCALE methodology is proposed, demonstrating how the establishment of new micro-businesses may be used to reduce poverty in developing economies.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seed fund"

Çelik, İsmail Erkan, Kamil Uslu, and Midzhit Hodzhaniyazov. "The Effect of International Capital Movements on Financial Crisis and Banks." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01808.

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International Capital Movements the course of history has changed and improved until today and took its place in the evolving field of finance. In particular, The Industrial Revolution began with the rapid changes seen that right quickly spread from place to place in fluid funds. Globalization has accelerated the rapid development of technical and technological development. Specifically, after 1980, international capital mobility until it is able to confirm it. All the methods developed for removing most important part of the financial restructuring of the financial crisis, banks are minimizing financial risks. The aim of this study is to investigate whether International Capital Movements of the financial crisis and how it affects the works of bank. Banks have become the customers are responsible for implementing various methods to rid the financial crisis. The financial crisis in late 2008 to eliminate the problems that arise hedge to be removed from the market and the fund carries the responsibility with its own more efficient methods.

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Prasetya, Wishnu, Craig Leek, Orestis Melkonian, Joris ten Tusscher, Jan van Bergen, Jasper Everink, Thomas van der Klis, et al. "Having Fun in Learning Formal Specifications." In 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icse-seet.2019.00028.

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Japarova, Damira. "None Budgetary Forms of Health Funding in the KR." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02077.

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In Kyrgyzstan, significant share of the state funds used on the preferential treatment and financing of treatment other patients largely tolerated by themselves. However, the replacement of free services with paid ones occurs spontaneously and haphazardly. The strategy of replacement of free Medicare to paid in official documents and normative acts are not formulated, however, it really exists. With the introduction of co- payment system, patients are forced repeatedly pay for the same medical service, eventually not having a warranty for complete recovery. Many administrators in medicine believe that they do not need to take co-payment from patients, because the patients buying medicines themselves, and in this regard, there are many claims and perturbations on this subject. Our point of view, informal payments in medicine, i.e., unofficial payments to the doctor should not be seen as a "bribe". In the absence of a regulatory mechanism, the informal payment for services acts as a state-nonregulated addition to the market price, this cannot be canceled or destroyed. The only way to put them to some kind of framework - is legalization these payments. Special funds, or receipts from paid services should become a source of own fund of a polyclinic or hospital, which can be used first of all for increasing the salaries of medical workers. Instead of fixed co-payments in medical care, it is advisable to introduce co-payment in relation to medicines, i.e. pay part of the cost of drugs used in the treatment of the patient.

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Strizhkova, Natalia. "Museum as an Institutional Form of Personal & Social Experiments: Project of Russian Avantgardism Artists." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-10.

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Museums as cultural institutions certainly reflect the sociocultural transformations of the new era and are changing with the new reality. Except for that, a museum is, by definition, an institution of memory, a keeper of history, it is based on adoption: the collection, successiveness and actualisation of past experience. What is perceived as innovation by contemporary society may have historical roots and be an actualisation of innovations of a bygone era. Modern museum development recalls a global project undertaken by Russian avant-garde artists in the early 20th century, and implying the institutional modernisation of museums. This study addresses a project taken on by avant-garde artists for the modernisation of museums in the context of general cultural construction, in cooperation with the Soviet Government. The research methodology is based on a conjunction of a historical study and culturological analysis, primarily the concept of the institutional approach. The study consisted in looking through archival documents: The Fund of the People’s Commissariat for Education and its departments (declarations, provisions, resolutions, decrees, minutes of meetings, correspondence, protocols and statements of estimates, inventory books of the State Museum Fund etc.), personal funds of artists and cultural figures, their theoretical works, articles, correspondence. A holistic inter-disciplinary approach combining historical and culturological analysis with prospects for contemporary sociocultural development and the role of museums is seen as a promising novelty of the research. Russian avantgardism as an artistic and sociocultural phenomenon has remained of great interest for a century. Different studies shed light only on separate aspects of this vast topic in different scientific contexts. The examination of the museum project by avant-garde artists under this study allows us to conclude that they were the first to undertake the institutional modernisation of museums by considering them in the focus of new demands of time and society, innovative programmes as forms of personal initiatives and experiments expressed in the broad public space of artistic culture.

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Taleski, Petar, and Vasko Bogdanovski. "Implementation of Benchmarks in Investment Strategies of Pension Funds in SEE Region." In 36. mednarodna konferenca o razvoju organizacijskih znanosti, Portorož, Slovenija / 36th International Conference on Organizational Science Development, Portorož, Slovenia. Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru / University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-020-2.90.

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Merritt, John A. "Distribution of the Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust Fund in the Realm of Municipal Politics." In 9th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec9-122.

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Abstract As part of the state’s restructuring and deregulation of the electric power industry, Massachusetts established the Renewable Energy Trust Fund (RETF) which earmarked approximately $50 million, collected as a surcharge on consumer electric utility bills, for distribution to municipalities that faced significant increased costs of MSW disposal because of required clean air retrofits to their Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facilities. The focus of this discussion will be upon the process, logistics and issues that evolved as that statutory benefit was implemented, including conflicts that led to the need for using a dispute resolution mechanism. Also included will be summary of issues that other states may want to address if considering similar provisions, in order to avoid some of the conflicts that arose during the Massachusetts process. For details on the Massachusetts program, see my paper presented last year at NAWTEC VIII, titled: Case Study – Electric Utility Restructuring – Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust Fund.

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Foster, John S., and Monteith G. Heaton. "The Customer-Foundry Relationship in MEMS Manufacturing." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32747.

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MEMS industry has seen mixed success over the last decade or so. Today, there are only a limited number of MEMS products available on the market, notably airbag accelerometers, desktop inkjet print heads and pressure sensors for automotive and biomedical applications. Despite major infusion of funds in other applications, such as optical telecommunications, RF, and biomedical/microfluidics, these efforts have failed to produce working MEMS in high volumes. The net result is that MEMS have not yet lived up to their anticipated promise.

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Maksimović, Snežana, and Milan Stamatović. "DOES EU FUNDING SUPPORT THE DIVERSIFICATION OF THE TOURISM OFFER IN SERBIA AS A RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?" In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21500sm.

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The aim of the paper is to answer the question of whether EU funding supports tourism in Serbia in a situation where this sector of the economy is facing astonishing figures of decline which is caused by the coronavirus. The paper is divided into two segments. The first part is based on the presentation of the possibility of diversification of the tourist offer in Serbia and the second part provides an overview of the literature related to EU funds. The research is interdisciplinary because it includes selective forms of tourism which united in a single tourist product can contribute to a tourist valorization of all areas and contribute as a response to the crisis caused by the pandemic. Contribution of EU funds can be seen through the connection between investment activities and the increase in tourist traffic. The special goal of the paper is education and raising awareness about the preservation of rural and eco areas, eco production and healthy lifestyles, which will contribute to the tourist offer and also a pleasure and enjoyment for visitors.

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Gurskis, Vincas, and Viktorija Zujavičienė. "INFLUENCE OF BUILDINGS EXTERIOR ON THE LANDSCAPE OF THE NEMUNAS DELTA REGIONAL PARK." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.051.

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Protected areas were established in Lithuania in order to preserve not only the natural and cultural heritage, landscape and biodiversity, but the landscape and ecological balance, the genetic fund, to restore the natural resources and to provide educational recreation, research and environmental monitoring as well as the promotion of natural and cultural heritage protection. The Nemunas Delta Regional Park was established to preserve the lower Nemunas landscape, the natural ecosystem and cultural heritage values, and manage them rationally. Protected areas residents seek to reconstruct, modernize the existing buildings, in such a way the landscape is being changing. The evaluation of the structures belonging to one hundred park’s homesteads showed that the existing older buildings roof covering is from grey asbestos slates (56 %). In recent years, ceramic tiles and non-asbestos slates are being increasingly used as roofing material, wood (characteristic for grey colour) is usually used for building wall decoration (48 %). These colours correspond to the regulated by the park management regulations. The Regional Park landscape is blemished by the ruins of abandoned buildings, individual illegal structures, unsuitable colours selected for building exteriors decoration, the recommended window division into four or six sections is not being kept to.

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Code´e, Hans, and Ewoud Verhoef. "Radioactive Waste: Show Time?" In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16309.

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Time will render radioactive waste harmless. How can we manage the time radioactive substances remain harmful? Just ‘wait and see’ or ‘marking time’ is not an option. We need to isolate the waste from our living environment and control it as long as necessary. For the situation in the Netherlands, it is obvious that a period of long term storage is needed. Both the small volume of waste and the limited financial possibilities are determining factors. Time is needed to let the volume of waste grow and to let the money, needed for disposal, grow in a capital growth fund. An organisation such as COVRA — the radioactive waste organisation in the Netherlands — can only function when it has good, open and transparent relationship with the public and particularly with the local population. If we tell people that we safely store radioactive waste for 100 years, they often ask: “That long?” How can we explain the long-term aspect of radioactive waste management in a way people can relate to? In this paper, an overview is given of the activities of COVRA on the communication of radioactive waste management.

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Reports on the topic "Seed fund"

García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.

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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.

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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.

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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.

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Agusti Strid, Alma, and James Ronicle. Social Impact Bonds in Latin America: IDB Lab's Pioneering Work in the Region: Lessons Learnt. Edited by Christine Ternent. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003004.

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In recent years, Latin America has seen the introduction of innovative pay-for-success mechanisms to fund social programs, including Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), outcome-based contracts that incorporate the use of private financing from investors to cover the upfront capital required for a provider to set up and deliver a social service. In this context, IDB Lab established a SIB Facility in 2014 to promote the focus on outcomes in social programs and increase outcomes-based commissioning. The SIB Facility has resulted in IDB Lab providing support to developing SIBs in Colombia (first SIB launched in a middle-income country), Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Since then, several employment SIBs have launched in Colombia and Argentina and prefeasibility studies for SIBs on other topics are currently underway in Chile. This Technical Note aims to capture the lessons learnt from developing SIBs in Latin America, focusing on the five countries where the SIB Facility played a pioneering role. The study takes a retrospective view in examining what has been done and a prospective view in considering how challenges can be overcome and how lessons learnt might be considered within the IDB Lab, both at SIB level and at ecosystem level looking at the SIB ecosystems that have started to emerge. In the study, we find that the SIBs that have launched in the study countries were well designed and that there had also been thorough consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the model.

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Challenges faced by households in caring for orphans and vulnerable children. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1005.

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South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past ten years, from less than 1 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2001. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Because of the average 10-year period between infection and death, even if HIV prevalence declined rapidly, South Africa would still experience an increasing orphan burden for many years to come. By 2010, 16 percent of all children in South Africa will be orphans with more than 70 percent due to AIDS. The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund initiated the Goelama Project, which uses a community mobilization strategy to catalyze action by local organizations and government bodies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the disease, particularly as they affect OVC. This brief highlights key findings from a study of 29,000 members of nearly 5,000 households in eight study sites to identify ways that government and communities can strengthen the socioeconomic capacity of households to care for and support OVC.

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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor

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Academic literature on the topic 'Seed fund'

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Conference papers on the topic "Seed fund"

Reports on the topic "Seed fund"