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1
Molnár, Endre Mihály, and Erika Jáki. "What qualities do government-owned venture capital investors seek in a new venture? A comparison of investment criteria across pre-seed, seed, and expansion stage startups." Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review 51, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/veztud.2020.11.06.
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Private venture capital (VC) investors usually do not invest in early life-cycle stage startups such as seed and pre-seed companies, since investment size typically doesn’t reach investment thresholds. The entry of governments with fund managers to venture capital markets presents seed and pre-seed companies with the opportunity to receive funding. This paper examines the main investment preferences of Hungarian government-owned venture capital investors regarding pre-seed, seed, and expansion stage startups. Verbal protocol analysis enabled examination of the screening process in real-time in all three life-cycle stages. It is found that governmental VC funds mostly value financial indicators followed by market-related qualities while private VCs value these characteristics in alternate formation. However, in the pre-seed stage, the financial acumen and capabilities of management teams form the main criteria in similarity to angel investors. Governmental VCs also greatly seek innovational value in target firms.
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Davis, John M., Pamela S. Soltis, Damian C. Adams, Sherry L. Larkin, and Robert A. Gilbert. "Seed Funds Leverage External Awards for Research in Natural Resources and Agricultural Systems." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010076.
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In the United States, “seed fund” programs in biomedical fields have been reported to enhance faculty success in securing federal awards. Seed funds are relatively small internal grants that are allocated by universities to their faculty to invigorate research, in anticipation that they will lead to larger benefits—these benefits could be the creation of stronger teams that lead to larger external grants and/or more impactful publications. We hypothesized that a seed funding approach for research on natural resources and agricultural systems, including forest systems, may have similar benefits. Here, we report that seed funding supported faculty development in numerous ways, including leveraging to generate external competitive awards. For each dollar of institutional investment in each of the three seed funding programs, faculty acquired $6, >$50, and $4.50, respectively, in external funding that was leveraged within three years of the seed fund award date. Notably, the majority of the leveraged funding was from federal granting agencies through competitive programs. Federal competitive awards are important elements of tenure and promotion dossiers, as they reflect success in acquiring grants that are difficult to obtain, thus providing evidence of research excellence. We speculate that the seed fund proposal review process prepared faculty for competitive awards. Finally, we suggest best management practices for the implementation of seed funding to support teams of faculty.
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Swearingen, Will, Robin Gaster, Michael Wallner, Jeff Peterson, and Ray Friesenhahn. "Is SBIR a Government Venture Fund?" Technology & Innovation 22, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/21.4.2021.3.
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The federal government's well-known Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program funds small businesses that are developing and commercializing innovative new technology. It is commonly regarded as a "government venture fund." This label is unfortunate. Within the U.S., it has caused the SBIR program to be criticized both for competing with private ven- ture capital funds (VCs) and for wasting scarce taxpayer resources on small businesses that, according to some detractors, are not as successful at generating innovation as venture capital (VC)-backed companies. These criticisms divert attention from SBIR program successes, generate unnecessary drama during congressional SBIR reauthorization debates, and sideline important opportunities to improve the SBIR program. Outside the U.S., the "government venture fund" concept disguises the very real differences between the SBIR program and VCs, potentially undermining the effectiveness of government initiatives to promote innovation. There are actually few similarities between the SBIR program and VCs—aside from the fact that both provide comparable amounts of seed-stage funding to small technology firms. As a matter of public policy, it needs to be clearly understood that the SBIR program is not a government venture fund, does not compete with VCs, and has objectives of national economic and soci- etal importance that do not conflict with those of private-sector investors. This paper begins by comparing the number and size of SBIR and VC seed-stage investments in the U.S. Then it contrasts their very different objectives, company selection criteria, staging of investments, obligations imposed on recipient companies, and metrics used to measure success.
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Ewald, Christian-Oliver, and Hai Zhang. "Hedge fund seeding via fees-for-seed swaps under idiosyncratic risk." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 71 (October 2016): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2016.07.007.
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Ptacek, O. "Delivering Support to SMEs in a Business- Friendly Way: The Seed Fund." European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 7, no. 4 (2012): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2012/4/154.
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Gong, Ning, and Bruce D. Grundy. "The design of charitable fund-raising schemes: Matching grants or seed money." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 108 (December 2014): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.09.007.
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Motta, Gustavo da Silva, Rogério Hermida Quintella, and Pauli Adriano de Almada Garcia. "Patento-scientometric indicators for the selection of projects by investment funds." VINE 45, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 446–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vine-10-2014-0056.
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Purpose – This paper aims to assess a method that applies scientometric and patentometric indicators in the selection process of projects by seed capital funds. There is increasing interest in technology-based enterprises, for their capacity to contribute to economic and social development. Nevertheless, in practice, there is some difficulty in assessing non-financial criteria associated with technology for the purposes of choosing investment opportunities. Design/methodology/approach – The literature has presented various methods to instrumentalize the process of evaluation and selection of investment projects. This study focuses on an enterprise that received an investment by the largest seed capital fund in Brazil, to assess to what extent scientific and technological indicators can contribute to understanding the market potential of the firm’s technology. Findings – The results show that the use of scientometric and patentometric indicators favors the process of judging non-financial criteria, in particular those related to technology, market, divestment and team. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is in the evaluation of a patento-scientometric approach for the selection process of projects by seed capital funds.
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Kavelenova, Lyudmila, Nataly Roguleva, Nikolay Yankov, Irina Ruzaeva, Elena Pavlova, Darya Nakrainikova, and Nikolay Potrachov. "Assessment of the quality of seeds formed in situ and ex situ as a mandatory element of maintaining seed banks of rare plants." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 05012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126505012.
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The possibility of seed genetic banks creating is associated with the ability of many plants seeds (the so-called orthodox ones) to maintain germination ability for a long time, being in a dormant state. This opens up wide prospects for the formation of a reserve seeds fund of rare species that are threatened with extinction in natural communities. Botanical gardens in different countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, are working on the creation of such seed banks. To assess the quality of seeds in relation to agricultural crops, as well as natural flora species, radiography is used. It is this kind of non-damaging express assessment of the quality of seeds that turns out to be the most informative technique for seed material obtained in botanical gardens. The article presents the preliminary results of an X-ray study of the seeds quality of some Samara region rare plants - four species ofthe Iris genus - Iris aphylla L., I. halophila Pall., I. pumila L., I. sibirica L.
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Mungai, Edward Mbucho. "Climate financing: case study of Kenya Climate Venture Ltd." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2020-0355.
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Learning outcomes Upon completion of the case study discussions, successful students will be able to: discuss the challenges of green financing and provide solutions on how to address such challenges. Explore the different dimensions for structuring a green financing fund. Analyse the risks and suggest a mechanism for de-risking an investment fund. Case overview/synopsis Kenya Climate Venture was established in 2016 as an independent subsidiary of Kenya Climate Innovation Centre, with a seed capital of $5m from European development financing institutions Danida and UKAid and the fund raised another $5m in new capital in early 2020. Its remit was to invest in commercially viable enterprises in agribusiness, water, commercial forestry, renewable energy and waste management, largely targeting small and medium-sized enterprises. The case is exploring three themes; Theme1: Challenges of climate financing, Theme 2: Structuring a climate financing fund Theme 3: De-risking an investment fund. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
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Bashir, Mohammed Bawuro, Augustine Anthony Ndaghu, Nakwe Stephen Haruna Gbana, Mark Tikwe Kyaru, and Rubang Tari Samuel. "Factors Influencing Adoption of Groundnut Production Technologies Among Women Farmers in Gassol Local Government Area, Taraba State." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.9s.
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The various groundnut production technologies considered were pesticides, processing and packaging, tillage, storage, improved seeds, seed treatment, weeding, transportation, spacing and planting date, fertilizer application and harvesting. Constraints include inadequate fund (2.7), followed by high cost of farm inputs (2.6) and inadequate storage facilities (2.6) were found to alter the adoption of groundnut production technologies among women farmers. Government should help link women farmers with improved groundnut production technologies (improved seeds, farm tools and machine, pesticides, and storage facilities) in order to attain a peak groundnut production in the state at large.
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Thodla, Ravi, and Seeboli Ghosh Kundu. "A Study on Equity Crowd Funding as a viable option to pre-seed Capital in IT Startups." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.38.5.
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The rapid growth in Indian economy for the next decade is expected to be sphere headed by the startup revolutiondriven by private enterprises. The growth that was witnessed in the last decade could also be largely attributed to MSME. MSME Businesses contributed more than 40% of the growth story of Indian economy. The almost double digit GDP growth achieved between the years 2003-2007 is a result of services and manufacturingsectors, taking off in a big way supported by the startup culture. The startup culture has started showing promising signal of significant contribution in Indian GDP. Particularly in the last three years the starts up fever has gripped this country and have the potential to catapult it into the planned path of economic supremacy. Angel investors, venture capitalist and private equity players in India and from the West have taken a keen interest in funding this technologically and financially viable option on a larger scale. However there exist gapsat the bottom of the pyramid where these technocrats are struggling to raise pre-seed capital which is essential to develop and test their prototype to prove their commercial viability.There exist a big gap between the demand and supply in terms of fund availability. This gap can be easily bridged with the help of popularly emerging option known as crowd funding. Crowd funding has become one of the most talked about avenues for financing of startup pre -seed capital requirement in the past. It has become very popular in the matured economies of the West, particularly in USA, where Web based platforms are emerged as reliable intermediary to bring suppliers and seekers of funds together. It has already begin in India and has provoked a healthy debate and discussion initiated by SEBI to its discussion paper. In this backdrop,crowd funding is an acceptable fund viable option for the pre-seed capital required in IT startups. This discussion proves the importance of crowd funding under regulatory framework and it has made the study not only relevant but also contemporary.
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Rao, G. Nagesh, JohnR Williams, Mark Walsh, and James Moore. "America's Seed Fund: How the SBIR/STTR Programs Help Enable Catalytic Growth and Technological Advances." Technology & Innovation 18, no. 4 (March 3, 2017): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/18.4.2017.315.
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Lim, Fang Shiang, Shih Keng Loong, Jing Jing Khoo, Kim Kee Tan, Nurhafiza Zainal, MuhammadFirdaus Abdullah, Chee Sieng Khor, and Sazaly AbuBakar. "Erratum: Identification and characterization of Corynebacterium lactis isolated from Amblyomma testudinarium of Sus scrofa in Malaysia. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23(9), 1838–1844." Systematic and Applied Acarology 23, no. 10 (October 30, 2018): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.10.16.
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AcknowledgmentsThis study was supported in parts by the research grants from University of Malaya, under the Research University Grants (RU016-2015) and (RU005-2017), and the Malaysia One Health University Network (MyOHUN) Seed Fund Award (MY/NCO/ACT/P001/SEEDFUND) provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
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Horstmeyer, Derek. "Formation of a student managed investment fund: risk management and oversight." Managerial Finance 46, no. 5 (March 21, 2019): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-08-2018-0396.
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Purpose The creation and formation of a student managed investment fund (SMIF) is a risky proposition for all stakeholders involved in the process. These risks include reputational risks for the individuals involved, fiduciary risks for the school’s Board of Trustees and monetary risks for the university itself. The purpose of this paper is to explain and detail how these risks can be mitigated through specific oversight committee (OC) construction, distributional/benchmarking requirements for the fund and detailed trading rules (exit points, short sale constraints, loss provisions, etc.) for fund managers, which can all be codified in the bylaws of the SMIF. Design/methodology/approach This investigation is done through a specific case study – the 2017/2018 formation of the George Mason University SMIF. As head of the OC for the fund and lead architect in the creation of the fund for the GMU faculty, the statements below come from firsthand accounts of dealing with all parties of interest and firsthand knowledge of the year-long process of managing all risks, which culminated in being granted endowment capital from the Board of Trustees to officially begin the SMIF on May 1, 2018. Findings First, this paper details how a complete investment policy statement can be used to mitigate the fears and concerns of all parties that have a fiduciary duty to the university’s endowment (which the students will now be partially managing). These bylaws include statements on the risk characteristics of the fund, distributions back to the endowment, oversight features and benchmarking. Next, written into the bylaws of the fund can be several benchmarking and distributional requirements to mitigate the risk exposure of the SMIF’s holdings. Finally, aside from benchmarking constraints, another successful risk management technique can be rules written directly into the investment policy statement that define exit points, tracking error, short sale constraints and other rules for trading. Originality/value This paper offers a roadmap by which these risks can be mitigated through the content of an investment policy statement/bylaws. The author details several techniques that eventually led to all stakeholders at GMU in signing off on the formation of an SMIF, and endowment capital being given to the fund as a seed investment. This is a firsthand account of this process and the author has not seen it documented in the literature anywhere else.
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Adhikari, Bishnu Bilas. "Community based seed production through IRRI /IAAS projects in western mid hills of Nepal: A review." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i1.27184.
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A review on the community based seed production through IRRI/IAAS projects was made to know the seed production situation in western mid hills of Nepal. In Nepal, around 90% of seeds are supplied through informal sector where seed replacement rate (SRR) of major staple food crops is around 10%. The formal seed supply systems are characterized by a vertically organized production and distribution of released or registered varieties by public and private organizations using agreed quality control mechanism. Community Based Seed Production (CBSP) is one of the most important community resources from which, small holder farmers can improve their livelihoods which serves as a means to attain food and nutrition security and income generation to the farmers. IRRI/IAAS collaborative projects (IFAD TAG 706, STRASA and CURE) have establish 15 CBSP organizations in Lamjung, Tanahun, Gorkha and Bajhang district since 2006 to 2014 and producing quality seed annually. Project team has developed a unique type of working modality to get success in research, development and technology dissemination. Conduction of PVS trial annually in key sites, regular training to farmers, exposure visit of farmers, monthly meeting with farmers, regular minikit distribution in new sites, award to best seed producers, collaborative work with respective DADOs are some examples. Though CBSPs have faced major challenges like limitation of fund for seed buying, availability of quality source seed in time and place, availability of machines like moisture meter, grading machines, weighing machines, seed storage problems, marketing problems, natural disasters etc. the projects have contributed in release of rice varieties like Ghaiya-2, Sukhadhan series from 1 to 6, Bahuguni, Hardinath-2 and Chiyarang sub-1 as drought tolerant, and Ramdhan, Sunaulo sugandha, Mithila, Swarna sub 1 and Barkhe 1022 as irrigated varieties during project period.
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Musaev, F. В., М. S. Antoshkina, A. V. Soldatenko, S. L. Beletsky, and N. N. Potrakhov. "ALGORITHMS OF THE AUTOMATIC DIGITAL ANALYSIS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS QUALITY." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-3-86-88.
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The seed fund is considered as a basis of food independence of the country and seed certification in many developed countries, including the Russian Federation, is care of the state. Seed farming of vegetable cultures in our country is complicated by adverse soil-climatic conditions of the majority of regions. The quality of the made seeds which does not conform to requirements of the modern agriculture providing uses of the homogeneous seeds with high field viability remains the main problem of branch. The modern level of development of scientific knowledge provides application of instrumental methods of the analysis of quality of the seeds differing in high informational content, speed and ease of execution. We developed and approved a method X-ray analysis of quality of vegetable seeds. Now programming, automation of this method is conducted. The way of the digital analysis of x-ray images in the automatic mode comes to replacement of earlier applied visual analysis of radiographs of seeds. The modernized hardware and software system is developed and approved, the program algorithm consisting of several stages is developed. There is a completion and approbation of the new software for the automatic analysis of graphic files of X-ray image of seeds of vegetable cultures under the name "Sortsemkontrol-1.0". Development and deployment of a method of the automatic analysis of x-ray images of vegetable seeds is essential to accelerate process, will increase its informational content and will allow to get rid of subjectivity, connected by the visual analysis of radiographs.
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Lagutenko, O. T., O. I. Rudnyk-Ivashchenko, and L. O. Shevel. "Peculiarities of the Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees. seeds features of germination." Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, no. 75 (2020): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-157-166.
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The morphological peculiarities of the 10 Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees. cultivars (Anastasia, Angelina, Kirswell, Lybid, Oksana, Polina, Pryntsesa, Roksolana, Rozkishna, Rubinovyie Zviozdy, Yabluneva) of the different genetic origination and 10 hybrid forms (143-4, 151-4, 178-4, 193-3, 210-1, 256-4, 261-2, and 265s-2-1 bread at Institute of Horticulture of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine were analyzed in order to carry out the resultative selection of resistant cvs, preserve their genetic fund and enlarge the assortment of the floral and ornamental plants. The authors have, presented the results of studying the morphological peculiarities of the researched crop seeds, indices of their generation biology, seed productivity level of different varieties and hybrids. The obtained results confirm the high efficiency of the Calistephus chinensis (L.) Nees. cultivars and hubris forms seed reproduction. The tendency has been detected of the increase of the average mass of 1000 seeds of cvs and hybrids of the flowering late terms. The hybrid form 210-1 distinguished it self for the highest respective index (2.75 g), the variety Rubinovyie Zviozdy had the lowest one (1.59 g).Yabluneva and 210-1 had the largest seeds linear size. According the average indicators of the seed vigour and germination rate the group of the cultivars and hybrids of the early bloom term exceeds considerably the rest of cvs and hybrid forms. The indices of the seed laboratory germination rate correlate with those of the germination vigour. Among the varieties of the average and Yabluneva distinguish them selves for the high seed material sowing qualities and have appeared the most perspective for the effective reproduction. The Calistephus chinensis (L.) Nees. plants seed productivity depends substantially the cultivar peculiarities and foreign cv Kirbiwell has distinguished itself for this high indicator (5.8 g/bush) when sowing in the sheltered ground under the constitution of the collectional patch of/the Laboratory of the Floral, Ornamental and Medicinal Crops of IH NAAS.
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Dzhurenko, N. I., O. P. Palamarchuk, I. V. Koval, and S. O. Chetvernya. "Assessment of genetic resources of medicinal plants collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 24 (August 30, 2019): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v24.1111.
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Aim. The purpose of the work was to analyze the collection fund of medicinal plants of the Medical Botany laboratory at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. We used the methods of information analysis and synthesis and computer methods of information database processing. Results. The stages of collection formation, created by attracting seed and planting material from the natural flora of Ukraine and by exchange with the botanical gardens of Ukraine and the world are shown. Selection of the source material was carried out taking into account the introduction methods of genus complexes and climatic analogues. The carried out analysis of the taxonomic composition was represented by species belonging to 62 families. The collection has 388 species, including 385 flowering plants, 2 gymnosperms, 1 fern. Among them there are: 280 perennials, 52 biennials, 53 annuals. The introduced plants make up the significant percentage of the collections. Considerable attention is paid to the preservation of the collection fund valuable varieties. The rare and endangered medicinal plant species cultivated and conserving in the collection. Conclusions. The collection of the Medical Botany laboratory is a valuable gene pool of medicinal plants, including rare and endangered listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine; material is not only for scientific research, but it is also is a base of scientific and educational activities for students, post-graduate students and schoolchildren.
Keywords: genetic resources, collection fund, medicinal plants, introduced plants, rare plants.
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Silva Alves, Alex da, and Jose Antonio Pimenta-Bueno. "Quantifying the Capital Requirements of Start-Ups in Early Growth Phase: Exploratory Evidence from a Seed Capital Fund in Brazil." Journal of Private Equity 21, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2018.21.3.026.
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MacDonald, F. H., M. K. Walker, and G. P. Walker. "Introducing Asobara persimilis for control of Scaptomyza flava in South Island brassica crops." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5984.
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Scaptomyza flava (Diptera Drosophilidae) known as European leaf miner has recently been identified as the pest species causing major damage to seed and other brassica crops grown in the South Island This pest is particularly damaging to hybrid Asian brassica seed crops but is also a major pest of seedlings of radish turnip and broccoli plants A larval/pupal parasitoid Asobara persimilis (Hymenoptera Braconidae) is an effective natural enemy of S flava at Pukekohe at certain times of the year A project funded by MAF Sustainable Farming Fund involves massrearing the parasitoids in Auckland and releasing them in unsprayed brassica crops in Canterbury and North Otago A total of 6550 pupae and 760 emerged adults were released over fortnightly periods at 46 sites from October 2010 to April 2011 The pupae included about 80 parasitised pupae and 20 that were unparasitised as a source of hosts for emerging parasitoids Overwintering surveys and further releases are planned for 2011/12 to try and establish this natural enemy as part of the ongoing development of IPM tools for seed forage and vegetable brassica crops grown in the South Island
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Salmukhanbetova, Zhuldyz, A. A. Imanalinova, L. A. Dimeyeva, and N. E. Zverev. "State of Saxaul Plantations in Kazakhstan’s Section of the Aral Sea Region." Central Asian Journal of Water Research 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cajwr/2020-r1.v7-1/128-157.eng.
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The article aims to assess the survival rate of saxaul plantations on the dry seabed of the Aral Sea (DSAS) and these close to the villages along the original seacoast. Protective black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) plantations on the DSAS were established in the course of 2009-2019 with the grant support of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS), Japan’s environmental funds, UNDP Kazakhstan, as well as under the Grass-Roots Program of the Embassy of Japan in Kazakhstan. During September 1-14, 2020, the target plantation plots at 24 sites adjacent to the villages of Aralkum and Karateren underwent examination, including forest surveying, projected species cover determination, as well as seed regeneration and survival rate assessment. The findings of 2020 revealed the varying condition of target saxaul plantations. Thus, the survival rate of saxaul inside forest plantations ranged between 0.12 and 78.0%. The actual number of saxaul trees varied from 1 (one) to 1,000 per ha on the DSAS and from 888 to 2,633 per ha in Aralkum village. The novelty of the obtained results is due to the fact that they clearly demonstrate that the survival rate and development of forest plantations, as well as saxaul seed self-renewal, above all, depend on the overall ecological conditions at specific sites. Saxaul demonstrated the best survival rate and growth at the sites with sandy loam and saline light loamy soils with sandy cover, and the worst – at the sites with crusty and takyr (dry-type playa) saline soils.
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Simmons, Marcus. "Lessons learned by educator and students through experiential entrepreneurship." Industry and Higher Education 35, no. 4 (June 14, 2021): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09504222211023419.
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This account of practice describes an experiential learning approach used for enterprise and entrepreneurship education in a UK higher education setting. Module design and delivery insights are drawn from the methods employed by an entrepreneur turned educator to facilitate learning via pop-up shop/event activities financed by a £50 seed fund. Feedback showed that the approach was highly valued by students, who reported significant personal development and enhanced entrepreneurial understanding. Considerably improved student attainment was also measured. The educator reflects on how his experiences as an entrepreneur helped shape the activities and their delivery, and the impact on his own pedagogical and academic development.
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Gassanova, Gulnara, Akzhunis Imanbayeva, Samal Syrlybekkyzy, and Guldana Shakhaeva. "Bioecological features of rare and endangered plants during introduction in the conditions of the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 102, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021bmg2/15-22.
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The paper presents the results of research on the bioecological features of 8 species of herbaceous plants (Ixiliorion tataricum, Convallaria majalis, Ornithogalum fischeranum, Convolvulus persicus, Iris aphylla, Tulipa sogdiana, Tulipa schrenkii, Tulipa biflora), included in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan (6 species), the Russian Federation (1 species) and the Mangistau region (1 species) when introduced under the conditions of the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden. Bioecological features of plants, life forms, their biometric indicators, results of phenological observations in conditions ex situ of Mangyshlak experimental botanical garden are given. Of the 8 studied species, 6 are ephemeroids, 2 species are long-growing. All plants go through all phases of vegetation, successfully reproduce by seed and vegetation ways. Morphometric indices of research objects exceed similar data in places of natural growth, which indicates stability in culture conditions. Following the results of the introduction into the culture, a seed fund of rare and endangered plants was laid; the use of species in ornamental gardening of the Mangistau region was proposed.
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Motta, Gustavo Da Silva, Maxwel De Azevedo Ferreira, and Rogério Hermida Quintella. "Analysis of an investment by a seed capital fund using a patento-scientometric approach: the case of probiotics technology for veterinary use." International Journal of Bibliometrics in Business and Management 1, no. 2 (2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbbm.2018.092749.
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Motta, Gustavo Da Silva, Rogério Hermida Quintella, and Maxwel De Azevedo Ferreira. "Analysis of an investment by a seed capital fund using a patento-scientometric approach: the case of probiotics technology for veterinary use." International Journal of Bibliometrics in Business and Management 1, no. 2 (2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbbm.2018.10013973.
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G P, Girish, and Seeboli Ghosh. "Dynamics between Digital Visibility through Social Media Marketing and Crowdfunding: Path to Succeed in Entrepreneurship." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 4, no. 2 (August 7, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v4i2.698.
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Digital visibility through social media marketing has played a colossal role in the realm of entrepreneurship and fund-raising. Strong positive dynamics between social media marketing and crowd-funding has the impending to decipher demand-supply gap of fundraising at the pre-seed stage. In this study, we explore the relationship between usage of social media and awareness of crowd-funding as a viable option for raising pre-seed capital in an emerging market of India which has witnessed the exponential growth of start-up companies and entrepreneurship in the past few years. The results of the study suggest that awareness of different options of crowdfunding for raising pre-seed capital is strongly correlated with the effective usage of social media platforms by the organizations. From an organization’s perspective, it has been found that effective use of Social Media platforms increases with the duration involved in social media platforms. The results of the study give a perspective for all entrepreneurs, fundraisers, and start-up companies that how digital visibility through social media marketing can unravel the problem of crowd-funding. With a growing trend of today’s youth using social media marketing worldwide, the strong dynamics between crowd-funding and social media marketing is expected to breed exponentially in terms of their contribution to the economy, wealth generation, and job creation.
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Gregoriou, Greg, François-Éric Racicot, and Raymond Théoret. "The q-factor and the Fama and French asset pricing models: hedge fund evidence." Managerial Finance 42, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 1180–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2016-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the new Fama and French (2015) five-factor model relying on a thorough sample of hedge fund strategies drawn from the Barclay’s Global hedge fund database. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a stepwise regression to identify the factors of the q-factor model which are relevant for the hedge fund strategy analysis. Doing so, the authors account for the Fung and Hsieh seven factors which prove very useful in the explanation of the hedge fund strategies. The authors introduce interaction terms to depict any interaction of the traditional Fama and French factors with the factors associated with the q-factor model. The authors also examine the dynamic dimensions of the risk-taking behavior of hedge funds using a BEKK procedure and the Kalman filter algorithm. Findings The results show that hedge funds seem to prefer stocks of firms with a high investment-to-assets ratio (low conservative minus aggressive (CMA)), on the one hand, and weak firms’ stocks (low robust minus weak (RMW)), on the other hand. This combination is not associated with the conventional properties of growth stocks – i.e., low high minus low (HML) stocks – which are related to firms which invest more (low CMA) and which are more profitable (high RMW). Finally, small minus big (SMB) interacts more with RMW while HML is more correlated with CMA. The conditional correlations between SMB and CMA, on the one hand, and HML and RMW, on the other hand, are less tight and may change sign over time. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the authors are the first to cast the new Fama and French five-factor model in a hedge fund setting which account for the Fung and Hsieh option-like trading strategies. This approach allows the authors to better understand hedge fund strategies because q-factors are useful to study the dynamic behavior of hedge funds.
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Murray, Gordon. "The European union's support for new technology‐based firms: An assessment of the first three years of the European seed capital fund scheme." European Planning Studies 2, no. 4 (January 1994): 435–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654319408720280.
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van der Steen, Marianne, Paula Danskin Englis, and Basil G. Englis. "Scientific Team Effectiveness and the External CEO." Industry and Higher Education 27, no. 1 (February 2013): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0138.
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This paper presents an empirical exploration of the effectiveness of scientific teams and the role of an external CEO in the spin-off formation process. The paper contributes to the literature by focusing on the role of the experienced or ‘external’ entrepreneur (their commercial resources and capabilities) in the early phase of spin-off formation and offering an attempt to understand the interaction between scientific team effectiveness and the external CEO. The data are drawn from the BioPartner First Stage Grant, a seed fund initiated in the Netherlands that aims to stimulate university spin-offs in biotechnology. This unique data set covers 68 biotechnology spin-off projects and the results show that an external CEO positively influences the spin-off creation and leverages the effect of the spin-off's scientific quality.
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Hsieh, Lu-Chen, and Ying-Shing Lin. "Inflows and outflows of mutual funds: a performance comparison of funds offered by traditional banks, insurance companies and mutual fund companies." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(4).2018.21.
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The transformations in internet technology and financial innovation have led to the prevalence of direct finance, causing indirect finance to contract and concerns among traditional banks and insurance channel operators to seek transformation to innovate traditional services with advanced technology applications. The research compares the sales revenue flows of traditional banks, insurance companies, and mutual fund institutions, using quantile regression methods with five mutual fund factors: Jensen’s indexes, expenses, risks, sizes, and turnover rates. The sample statistics from 2001 to 2016 were evident, showing the results that sales revenue flows of bank and insurance companies did not decrease when compared to institutional fund investors, but instead, grew substantially, owing to the significant relationship of better technological services and financial innovation by banks and insurance companies. The research contribution is to point out that financial industry should focus, review and strengthen its most competitive core services inside, which are less challenged by outside competitors. By adhering to financial innovation and internet technology, it is still possible for traditional banks and insurance channels to gain substantial market shares with concentration on their core competitive services.
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Meshkova, V. L., and V. L. Borysova. "Age structure of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) forests in the Left- Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Forestry and Forest Melioration, no. 135 (March 25, 2020): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33220/1026-3365.135.2019.163.
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The age structure of European ash stands in the forest fund of ten forest enterprises from Sumy, Kharkiv and Poltava regions was analyzed considering forest site conditions, stand origin, site index and ash proportion in the forest composition. The average age of ash stands is 68 years for the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. On average from 46.1 % to 81.6% of European ash stands survive up to the V age class. The average age of ash stands is the highest in the forest-steppe part of Sumy Region in D2 and D3, in Kharkiv Region in D1, and in Poltava Region in C2 and C3. The average age is the highest (75 years) in artificial seed stands in Kharkiv Region, in natural seed (86 years) and vegetative (77 years) origin in Sumy Region. The survival of pure and almost pure ash stands is the highest in Kharkiv Region and the lowest in Poltava Region. In the legislatively adopted maturity age (VIII age class) survival of European ash with its proportion of 80–100 % is 26.5 %, 13.1 % and 3.2 % in Kharkiv, Sumy and Poltava Regions respectively. Correction of the main felling age in forests that are possible for exploitation is suggested considering the possible loss of timber quality as a result of forest damage by different causes.
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Audette, James, Walter Draney, Jonathan Koff, and Morrison Warren. "Interval and tender offer closed-end funds: investment company alternatives to traditional funds." Journal of Investment Compliance 20, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-08-2019-0048.
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Purpose To introduce the concepts of interval funds and tender offer funds and compare them to other pooled investment vehicles. Design/methodology/approach This article provides an overview of the interval fund and tender offer fund structures, including the law, regulations and market practices regarding redemptions, liquidity, fees and expenses and other key terms. Findings Interval funds and tender offer funds should be considered by alternative investment managers seeking to expand into public markets or traditional fund managers that seek additional portfolio flexibility. Originality/value In addition to a plain English analysis of the rules and regulations applicable to interval funds and tender offer funds, the article analyzes market practices regarding redemption frequency and amount.
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Grazi, Laura. "Festina lente. The first steps towards regional policy and the origins of a European model of territorial cohesion." Debater a Europa, no. 12 (February 1, 2015): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_12_2.
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This paper focuses on how the slow but steady development of the EU regional policy was shaped by the gradual emergence of a territorial perspective in its strategic design. In particular, it examines the origins of regional policy, shedding light on its first stage of formulation, from the Treaty of Paris to the adoption of the European Regional Development Fund (1951-1975). Notably it analyses some underlying factors influencing its elaboration: the idea and vision of transnational spatial planning promoted by the Council of Europe, the exchange of ideas within the European Commission expert groups on town and country planning and the territorial studies relating to the first EEC enlargement. This cultural milieu contributed to a common outlook on the equilibrium of the European regions, thus planting a seed that would ripen into the “territorial cohesion” model recently included in the Lisbon Treaty.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_12_2
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Meschke, Felix. "An Empirical Examination of Mutual Fund Boards." Quarterly Journal of Finance 09, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139219500150.
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This paper examines how board independence and director incentives in the mutual fund industry affect fund expenses, performance, and compliance. It is based on a hand-collected panel dataset of mutual fund governance characteristics from 1995 through 2004, which covers about 60% of assets listed in the CRSP mutual fund database. The results show that funds overseen by an independent chair charge fees that are 12 basis points lower and that the fraction of independent directors is associated with higher fees during the earlier part of the sample and with lower fees during the latter part. Both measures of board independence are associated with lower fund performance, although funds with higher director ownership and lower unexplained compensation charge lower fees and deliver higher returns. Fund board characteristics do not seem to affect the likelihood of litigation by regulators and shareholders. These results suggest that fund investors do not necessarily benefit from greater board independence if boards negotiate low fees without closely evaluating fund performance. In contrast, higher director ownership and relatively low compensation seem to align incentives between fund boards and investors.
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Marumoagae, Motsotsile Clement. "Do boards of trustees of South African retirement funds owe fiduciary duties to both the funds and fund members? The debate continues." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2499.
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Over the years, the South African retirement fund industry has experienced major regulatory changes. These changes were aimed at imposing a higher standard of governance on the boards of trustees governing various pension funds. As such, there has been a debate within the retirement fund industry as to whom the board, as the governing and managing body of the retirement fund, is accountable. South African courts and tribunals adjudicating pension fund related disputes and the retirement industry at large seem to share the view that the board of trustees is accountable to both the fund and its members. In that the board of trustees owes fiduciary duties to both the fund and its members, meaning that the board is required to act in the best interest of the fund and its members. However, in this paper I demonstrate that the boards of trustees of South African Pension Funds are accountable to and owe fiduciary duties only to the fund they serve and not members of those funds. Furthermore, I submit that at the very best the board owes a duty of good faith towards the members of the fund. In order to substantiate my submissions, I distinguish the legal position relating to trust law from the law relating to retirement funds in South Africa.
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Liang, Jingjing, Xiaoning Zhang, and Zhe Liang. "A two-stage policy for improving the efficiency of the traffic network by providing value-added ATIS service." MATEC Web of Conferences 259 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925905001.
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Based on the pay-per-use charge in mobile Apps, value-added advanced traveler information systems (VATIS) service can be provided in traffic networks. From the perspective of the traffic manager, we propose a two- stage policy for improving the efficiency of traffic networks by providing VATIS service. At the first stage, the traffic manager selects several ATIS service providers, then offers seed fund to each of them to encourage VATIS service provision. At the second stage, the traffic manager announces a given target of the total market penetration of VATIS service and encourages service providers to achieve it together. If they could complete the task, compensation will be paid. To evaluate the efficiency of this policy, four scenarios are formulated by four bi-level models, and the total travel time is set as the evaluation indicator. Numerical experiments show that, the suggested policy can reduce total travel time dramatically if the market penetration target has been appropriately selected.
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Et. al., V. B. Karuna Moorthy,. "Mutual Funds: An Outrageous Progression in Investment." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1128.
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Mutual funds are the key factor for the financial arbitrator. Corporations, governments, and individual investors are benefitted out of mutual funds on a large scale. Mutual funds seem to be an attractive scheme of investment among society. The new money flow in terms of investment yields enhanced results in mutual fund investment. Mutual funds attract small investors to benefit greatly due to diversified capabilities. Shareholders are benefited through mutual funds in numerous ways. This paper tries to analyse the importance of mutual funds and their need in this current scenario. Further, this paper also tries to investigate the ways in improving the growth of mutual fund investment plans among the public.
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Lawson, Daniel T., and Robert L. Schwartz. "Do Hedge Funds Arbitrage on Asset Growth, Earnings Momentum and Equity Financing Anomalies?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 9 (August 12, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n9p38.
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This paper analyzes the risk-adjusted performance of hedge funds and their overall ability to arbitrage on known market anomalies. This is done by testing three anomaly factors capturing total asset growth, equity financing, and earnings momentum in addition to the traditional Fama and French (1993) and Carhart (1997) four-factor model and Fung and Hsieh (2001) risk factors. Our results suggest that the average hedge fund employs a strategy consistent with the total asset growth and earnings momentum anomalies but contradictory to the equity financing anomaly of Hirshleifer and Jiang (2007). Multi-factor alpha generation does seem to persist over longer periods of time which suggests the use of other untested, return-generating arbitrage methods.
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Murray, Gordon C. "A Policy Response to Regional Disparities in the Supply of Risk Capital to New Technology-based Firms in the European Union: The European Seed Capital Fund Scheme." Regional Studies 32, no. 5 (July 1998): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343409850116817.
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Walker, G. P., M. M. Davidson, M. K. Walker, and F. H. MacDonald. "Vegetable brassica IPM expanding into other brassicagrowing systems in the South Island." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4865.
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An IPM programme originally developed for vegetable brassicas is now being adapted and extended into other brassicagrowing systems in the South Island including vegetable fodder and seed brassica crops MAFs Sustainable Farming Fund and various industry partners plus government funding is supporting research into best practices to manage the major foliage insect pests in these brassica crops A pest risk assessment survey was undertaken this year to determine in which seasons areas and growing systems pests are a problem Pheromone trap data showed that diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella survived overwinter as resident populations in localised brassica crops DBM and leaf miners caused serious problems for many growers DBM is resistant to standard broadspectrum insecticides but growers are still applying these insecticides which disrupt natural enemies of insect pests European leaf miner Scaptomyza flava is the key leaf miner pest and appears not to be attacked by the larval parasitoid Asobara persimilis which could be introduced from the North Island Field surveys also showed that the recently introduced larval parasitoid of white butterfly Cotesia rubecula has spread naturally to North and South Canterbury
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Mundy, Linda, and Kaye Hewson. "Thinking outside the system: the integrated care experience in Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 4 (2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18161.
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Health policy-makers are faced with a demand for health care that exceeds supply, driven in part by an ageing population and an increased prevalence of chronic disease. An integrated ‘people-centred’ model of care across primary, secondary and tertiary health care can strengthen the health system by streamlining services to improve the patient journey and outcomes. Integrated care offers an opportunity to reduce admissions and re-admissions to hospitals, reduce presentations to emergency departments and improve the capacity of outpatient clinics while delivering better outcomes to patients. Queensland’s $35 million Integrated Care Innovation Fund (ICIF) has provided seed funding to 24 projects covering a wide spectrum of chronic disease management and complex disease. Programs such as the ICIF offer an opportunity to provide a new approach to caring for vulnerable populations such as the frail and elderly; children with behavioural and developmental issues; children in out-of-home care; rural and remote populations; and people with mental health issues, whose care runs the risk of ‘falling through the cracks’ with conventional healthcare approaches.
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Click, Amanda B., and Rachel Borchardt. "Library Supported Open Access Funds: Criteria, Impact, and Viability." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29623.
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Abstract
Objective – This study analyzes scholarly publications supported by library open access funds, including author demographics, journal trends, and article impact. It also identifies and summarizes open access fund criteria and viability. The goal is to better understand the sustainability of open access funds, as well as identify potential best practices for institutions with open access funds.
Methods – Publication data was solicited from universities with open access (OA) funds, and supplemented with publication and author metrics, including Journal Impact Factor, Altmetric Attention Score, and author h-index. Additionally, data was collected from OA fund websites, including fund criteria and guidelines.
Results – Library OA funds tend to support faculty in science and medical fields. Impact varied widely, especially between disciplines, but a limited measurement indicated an overall smaller relative impact of publications funded by library OA funds. Many open access funds operate using similar criteria related to author and publication eligibility, which seem to be largely successful at avoiding the funding of articles published in predatory journals.
Conclusions – Libraries have successfully funded many publications using criteria that could constitute best practices in this area. However, institutions with OA funds may need to identify opportunities to increase support for high-impact publications, as well as consider the financial stability of these funds. Alternative models for OA support are discussed in the context of an ever-changing open access landscape.
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Panaiotov, Stefan, Yordan Hodzhev, Vladimir Tolchkov, Borislava Tsafarova, Alexander Mihailov, and Tzvetelina Stefanova. "Complete Genome Sequence, Genome Stability and Phylogeny of the Vaccine Strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG SL222 Sofia." Vaccines 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030237.
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Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the only live attenuated vaccine available against tuberculosis. The first BCG vaccination was done exactly 100 years ago, in 1921. The BCG vaccine strains used worldwide represent a family of daughter sub-strains with distinct genotypic characteristics. BCG SL222 Sofia is a seed lot sub-strain descending from the Russian BCG-I (seed lot 374a) strain and has been used for vaccine production in Bulgaria since 1972. Here, we report the assembled circular genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis BCG SL222 Sofia and phylogeny analysis with the most closely related BCG sub-strains. The full circular genome of BCG SL222 Sofia had a length of 4,370,706 bp with an average GC content of 65.60%. After 49 years of in vitro evolution in a freeze-dried condition, we identified four SNP mutations as compared to the reference BCG-I (Russia-368) sequence. BCG vaccination is of central importance for the TB elimination programs in many countries. Since 1991, almost 40 million vaccine doses of the BCG SL222 Sofia have been distributed annually through the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to approximately 120 countries. The availability of the complete reference genome sequence for M. bovis BCG SL222 Sofia, a WHO reference reagent for the Russian BCG-I sub-strain, will facilitate the identity assurance of the genomic stability, will contribute to more consistent manufacturing, and has an important value in standardization and differentiation of sub-strains used in vaccine production. We propose to rename the sub-strain BCG SL222 Sofia to BCG-Sofia for practical and common use.
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Furs, O. V., S. V. Pigoleva, O. V. Dyachenko, A. V. Aripovskii, Ya I. Buryanov, and T. V. Shevchuk. "Obtaining and Analysis of Marker-free Oil Plants Camelina sativa (L.) Expressing Gene for Antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin P1." Biotekhnologiya 35, no. 1 (2019): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-1-45-57.
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The marker-free transgenic Camelina sativa (L.) plants carrying a synthetic gene for cecropin P1, an antimicrobial peptide, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter have been obtained and analyzed. The plants were transformed by the agrobacterial binary vector free of selection genes of antibiotic and herbicide resistance. Screening of the marker-free transformants was performed by measuring the antibacterial activity of cecropin P1 and by enzyme immunoassay. The obtained plants exhibited increased resistance to the infection by the Erwinia carotovora bacteria, Fusarium graminearum fungi, and to oxidative stress during infection. The analysis of the fatty acid composition of seed oil showed an increased amount of α-linolenic acid in the transgenic camelina lines as compared to unmodified plants. The obtained results indicate that the gene for cecropin P1 can be included in the integral antistress plant protective system. Camelina sativa, cecropin Р1, agrobacterium-mediated transformation, marker-free transgenic plants, fatty acid compositions, microbial phytopathogenes, oxidative stress, resistance, cecropin P1. The work was financially supported by State job № 0101-2014-0046, № РК 01201352439 and with the partial financial support the Russian Fund for Basic Investigation, Grants № 18-08-00752, № 16-04-00623.
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Алещенко, Виталий, Vitaliy Aleschenko, Ольга Алещенко, and Ol'ga Aleschenko. "SCIENTIFIC AND INNOVATIVE SPHERE IN REALIZATION OF REGIONAL CLUSTER POLICY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 3 (November 7, 2018): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5bcf57a77287c3.88980747.
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The implementation of the cluster policy of the region is closely connected with the level of development of the scientific and innovation infrastructure and the activity of the subjects of innovation activity in the region. The article assesses the level of activity of the scientific and innovation sphere in the context of the life cycle phases of innovative enterprises in the region. In Omsk region, the key tool of financial support for innovations at the seed stage is the UMNIC program of the Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in the scientific and technical sphere. Over the whole history of the contest, more than 16 000 projects of young scientists worth more than 5 billion rubles have been supported at the federal level, over 1 000 small innovative enterprises have been created, more than 2 000 jobs. In the Omsk region from 2007 to 2018, 260 program winners were given the opportunity to grant their research and innovation projects for the amount of 106.4 million rubles. The distribution of competitive applications in the directions and years is not uniform: the greatest number of applications fell on the direction “New devices and hardware complexes”, the smallest – “Modern materials and technologies for their creation”. At the stage of establishment of the enterprise, from 2014 to 20017. in the Omsk region, 72 applications were submitted for the START program of the Innovation Support Fund, of which 12 were supported by the Fund. The main problem in the Omsk region, as in Russia as a whole, at this stage is the lack of commercial competencies and presentation skills of scientists and inventors. The paper describes and defines key principles for the development of innovative infrastructure in the region, identifies the factors that impede the development of innovation in the region, gives recommendations on the activities of scientific and technical policies that stimulate the creation of innovative infrastructure elements in the region.
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Weiner, Michael. "A Historical Analysis of the Investment Company Act of 1940." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 10.1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.10.1.historical.
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More than 100 million Americans invest $25 trillion in mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (collectively, “funds”) regulated by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Act”), making funds the predominant investment vehicle in the United States. Everyday investors rely on funds to save for retirement, pay for college, and seek financial security. In this way, funds demonstrate how “Wall Street” can connect with “Main Street” to improve people’s lives. By way of background, funds are created by investment advisers (“advisers”) that provide investment advisory (e.g., stock selection) and other services to their funds in exchange for a fee. Investors purchase shares of a fund, which represent a pro-rata interest in the fund’s net assets—essentially, the securities chosen by the adviser—with the hope that the value of those assets, and in turn, the value of the fund, will appreciate. Although managing a fund is expensive, pooling investments from the public allows an adviser to spread its costs over an entire fund, which allows professional money management to be affordable for all. Prior to the Act, the unique structural aspects of funds, coupled with a lack of regulation, enabled rogue advisers to put their own interests ahead of those of fund shareholders. These structural aspects include that a fund typically relies on its adviser, which seeks to make a profit, to manage its day-to-day operations. Before 1940, adviser personnel also dominated the boards of directors of funds, which are responsible for overseeing the adviser and negotiating its compensation. This made funds susceptible to rogue advisers that were more interested in managing funds to benefit themselves and their “affiliates” (i.e., their employees and related businesses), as opposed to increasing the value of their funds. Recognizing the vital role that funds play for both the overall economy and the citizen of “small means,” the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the fund industry worked together to draft the Act, which Congress passed unanimously. The incredible growth of funds over the past 80 years is often attributed to the oversight and direction provided by the Act, which regulates all facets of fund operations and is arguably the most complex of our nation’s securities laws. Understanding the policy concerns that led to the Act helps to cut through that complexity and make sense of the Act’s provisions. As a result, this article focuses on those concerns, which can be thought of as guiding “Principles,” to demonstrate how the Act seeks to: (1) prevent insiders from taking advantage of funds they manage; (2) require effective disclosure; and (3) ensure the equitable treatment of shareholders. The Principles make the Act easier to apply by serving as shoal markers for conduct to avoid. But, just as a buoy indicates dangerous areas to avoid, the Principles also help guide conduct that steers clear of them. The Principles are thus a useful lens for interpreting the Act, particularly when considering novel situations or whether, per the “rubber” built into the Act, exemptive or other relief is appropriate. In these instances, harnessing the history and purpose of the Act can help advisers, fund directors, practitioners, and regulators apply the Act and ensure that funds remain a driver of national and, most importantly, investor gain.
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Kapoor, Mudit, Antoinette Schoar, Preethi Rao, and Sharon Buteau. "Chit Funds as an Innovative Access to Finance for Low-income Households." Review of Market Integration 3, no. 3 (December 2011): 287–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492921100300305.
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Chit Funds are indigenous financial institutions in India that combines credit and savings in a single scheme. In a chit fund scheme, a group of individuals come together for a predetermined time period and contribute to a common pool at regular intervals. In order to understand the intricacies of the chit fund model in India, we studied the size of the registered chit fund industry and how it serves the members. We find that the money circulated in the registered chit fund industry ranges from 10 per cent to 50 per cent of bank finance when compared to the total deposits and credits in the bank. The number of chit schemes registered has been reducing over the years. The average percentage change in the number of schemes registered from 2003 to 2006 is approximately a negative 10 per cent. While the number of schemes has reduced, the total value of registered chit schemes increased by approximately 13 per cent from 2003 to 2006. Our survey of the chit fund members shows that as much as 72 per cent of the members participate in chit funds for saving. Additionally, 96 per cent of the current and non-current chit fund members think that chit funds are safe. Majority of the current and non-current chit fund members belong to low-income households. Our study also suggests that the institutional arrangements which govern the functioning of the chit scheme that have emerged seem to serve the interest of all participants irrespective of their socio-economic status. Perhaps, this could explain why this industry has survived for such a long period of time. Our findings point to the fact that though chit funds are an important source of finance for small businesses and low-income households in India, there has been a general exodus of low value chit schemes from the registered chit fund market. This is mainly because registered chit funds find it less lucrative to serve the poor due to the increased cost of operating such schemes imposed by the regulators. We find that the chit fund industry addresses the savings needs of people, is considered very safe and also offers loans at lower interest rates than moneylenders.
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Gupta-Mukherjee, Swasti. "Investing in the “New Economy”: Mutual Fund Performance and the Nature of the Firm." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 49, no. 1 (February 2014): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109014000179.
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AbstractAlthough stock returns of intangibles-intensive firms tend to exceed physical assets-intensive firms, risk-adjusted returns of actively managed mutual funds significantly decrease (increase) with their portfolios’ exposure to intangibles-intensive (physical assets-intensive) firms. Fund managers tend to exhibit skill when they focus on difficult-to-value (e.g., small) firms, except when the firms are intangibles-intensive. In sum, the worst-performing funds are in areas of the market that seem to offer ample opportunities for professional investors due to exacerbated mispricing. The negative impact of investments in intangibles-intensive firms on fund performance appears to be driven by extrapolation bias and decreases with learning from experience.
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Klipakova, Yu, Z. Bilousova, I. Korotka, and V. Keneva. "Influence of seed pre-sowing treatment with multicomponent treaters on the condition of winter wheat pigment complex in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-59-67.
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In the conditions of climate change, the existing technologies for winter grain crops growing need constant improvement. Development of the leaf surface and its longest preservation is the main vector of any technology for growing winter wheat, and this issue is especially important in unstable weather conditions. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of multicomponent and multidirectional seed treaters on the state of pigment complex in the leaves of plants of different winter wheat varieties and its productivity during the growing season. When studying pigment complex in the leaves of winter wheat plants in the vegetative period of development this indicator for Antonivka variety was s fund to be 7.17 mg/g of dry matter, and for Shestopalivka variety – 8.04 mg/g of dry matter on average for the variants. The generative period was noted to have an increase in chlorophyll content for both varieties - it was 8.19 mg/g of dry matter for Antonivka and 8.22 mg/g of dry matter for Shestopalivka variety, which is 14.2 % and 2.2 % more than in vegetative period. The productivity of chlorophylls in the vegetative period of plants growth and development averaged 5.14 mg of dry matter/mg of chlorophyll per day for Antonivka, which is 28.4 % more than in Shestopalivka variety (3.69 mg of dry matter/ mg of chlorophyll) per day). With the beginning of the generative period, Shestopalivka variety was noted to have a more stable pigment complex, which is confrmed by a double increase in chlorophylls productivity compared to the previous period. Thus, the increase in chlorophyll content, depending on the pre-sowing treatment with the preparations, is more active in Antonivka variety, but the quantitative index is dominated by Shestopalivka variety. In arid climates, moderate formation of pigments and preservation of their productivity stabilizes grain maturation process, which was noted for both varieties treated with Lamardor and Lamardor plus Gaucho. Key words: chlorophyll, winter wheat, seed treater, pigment productivity.
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Ben Khelifa, Soumaya. "The European hedge funds industry: An empirical analysis of performance, liquidity, and growth." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 5, no. 2 (2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv5i2p8.
Full textAbstract:
While the performance of hedge funds has grabbed much attention from researchers, a few studies have been conducted on the drivers of hedge fund liquidity and performance (Shaub & Schmid, 2013). This study proposes new approaches to investigate the effect of share restrictions on European hedge fund performance and liquidity. We run different regressions of 1) returns, 2) flows, and 3) exposure to market liquidity risk on share restrictions, managerial incentives, and a set of control variables as independent variables. Using a sample of 1423 European hedge funds, our results suggest that restrictions imposed by European hedge funds add economic value to investors. Furthermore, we find that European hedge funds with strong share restrictions take on lower liquidity risk. There is a weak difference in liquidity risk exposure across directional European hedge funds with and without share restrictions. In addition, European hedge funds’ experience, large outflows during a crisis, and all share restrictions do not seem to be significantly related to funding flows in the crisis period, as well as in times of non-crisis. Finally, only the groups of young funds are associated with significant funds exposure to market liquidity risk