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Journal articles on the topic 'Seed phenotypic characteristics'
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1
Zhang, Haolei, Jiangtao Ji, Hao Ma, Hao Guo, Nan Liu, and Hongwei Cui. "Wheat Seed Phenotype Detection Device and Its Application." Agriculture 13, no. 3 (2023): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030706.
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To address the problem of low efficiency and automatically sense the phenotypic characteristics of wheat seeds, a wheat seed phenotype detection device was designed to predict thousand seed weight. Five commonly used varieties of wheat seeds were selected for the study, and a wheat seed phenotype detection system was built with a 2 mm sampling hole plate. Grayscale, image segmentation, area filtering and other methods were used to process the image in order to extract and analyse the correlation between thousand seed weight and seven phenotypic characteristics: wheat seed area, perimeter, long axis, short axis, ellipticity, rectangularity, and elongation. The results showed that different varieties of wheat seeds were significantly correlated with different phenotypic characteristics. Among them, the area and short axis for Luomai 26; the area, long axis, short axis, perimeter, and rectangularity for Jinqiang 11; the area and perimeter for Zhoumai 22; the area of Luomai 42; the area, short axis, and perimeter for Bainong 207 were significantly correlated with the thousand seed weight. A multiple linear regression model of thousand seed weight prediction was developed by selecting the significantly correlated phenotypic characteristic. The models showed that the R2 values of the thousand seed weight prediction models for Jinqiang 11 and Bainong 207 were 0.853 and 0.757, respectively; and the R2 values for Luomai 26, Zhoumai 22, and Luomai 42 were less than 0.5. Subsequently, PCA-MLR was used to build a thousand seed weight prediction model, and K-fold cross-validation was used for comparative analysis. Afterwards, three kinds of wheat seeds with 40–50 g thousand seed weight were selected to validate the model. The validation results showed that the more significantly correlated the phenotypic parameters were, the higher the accuracy of the thousand seed weight prediction model. The study provided a set of detection devices and methods for the rapid acquisition of the phenotypic characteristics of wheat seeds and thousand seed weight prediction.
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Aliyev, Elchyn, Katerina Vedmedeva, Tatiana Machova, and Stanislav Vedmedev. "Study of the distribution of phenotypic characteristics of sunflower seeds in a head of different genotypes." Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science 61, no. 4 (2024): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.61308/jixx8922.
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Nowadays, sunflower breeding needs new approaches and methods. Using computer-aided image analysis techniques combined with other data on the phenotyping subject creates a sound basis for selection. Selection work on the size and weight of sunflower seeds causes many complications related to the variety of seeds, even in one head. To solve this problem, field experiments, mathematical modelling, and computer processing of photographs were involved. As a result of combining the results of actual measurement and evaluation of photographic images, a method of measurement and determination of patterns of distribution of phenotypic characteristics of sunflower seeds in a head was developed. The methodology includes a developed mathematical model of the location of sunflower seeds in the head and a methodology for determining the geometric dimensions of the seeds from the image. The distribution patterns of geometric (length L, width W, thickness T) and mass (seed mass Ms, seed kernel mass Mk) parameters of seeds in the head were studied. The variability of the seed phenotype in the head was established depending on its location based on the material of four lines and the sunflower variety. A complex index of phenotypic characteristics of sunflower seeds I is introduced, defined as the product of the ranks of individual phenotypic parameters of seeds (L, W, T, Ms, Mk). A general pattern was determined, like three tiers with different phenotypic characteristics in each head. The possibilities of visualising the phenotype of seeds by their location in the head have been revealed.
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Aliiev, Е., and K. Vedmedeva. "Systematization of sunflower genotypes based on seed phenotypic characteristics using neural networks." Agrology 7, no. 3 (2024): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/202415.
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In recent years, various datasets related to the phenotyping of sunflower genotypes have become increasingly accessible. However, one of the key challenges remains the efficient and accurate prediction of phenotypes based on genotypes in the context of climate change. Analyzing phenotypes at different levels of organization and detecting connections between phenotypes and genotypes require the integration and processing of large, diverse, and often noisy datasets. Machine learning offers a broad arsenal of methods and approaches for identifying predictive patterns in such data. Therefore, the research aimed to develop a methodology for the systematization of sunflower genotypes based on seed phenotypic characteristics using the data vector quantization method and neural networks. The study revealed the phenotypic characteristics of sunflower seeds from various genotypes selected by the Institute of Oilseed Crops of NAAS, grown in the southern Steppe of Ukraine, including seed length, width, thickness, seed mass, kernel mass, and seed coat cracking force. For this purpose, appropriate laboratory equipment was developed, including two modules for determining the morphological and rheological properties of seeds. The developed methodology for the systematization of sunflower genotypes based on seed phenotypic characteristics includes the following steps: measuring the characteristics of sunflower seeds from various samples (parental components); studying the mutual correlation of characteristics; conducting hierarchical cluster analysis of the data using the Ward's method; determining the optimal number of groups; performing k-means clustering using the vector quantization method; determining the correspondence of ranges of characteristics to the group; training a neural network to group the data by samples and created groups; verifying the adequacy of the neural network on test data. The developed methodology was tested, and the MLP 30-15-3 neural network for grouping data by samples and created groups of sunflower seeds was developed in the Statistica software package. The network's training efficiency was 99.4%, and such of testing and validation was 95.6% and 96.7%, respectively.
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Marler, Thomas E., and Christopher A. Shaw. "Phenotypic Characteristics as Predictors of Phytosterols in Mature Cycas micronesica Seeds." HortScience 44, no. 3 (2009): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.725.
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The relationship between mature Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill seed sterol concentration and content and plant or seed phenotypic characteristics was established by multiple regression. Combined models were significant for free but not glycosylated sterols. Reduced models revealed leaf number as the only significant predictor. Free and glycosylated sterol concentrations were unaffected throughout the range of several predictors: tree height (1.7 to 5.8 m), seed fresh weight (48 to 120 g), seed load (one to 76 seeds per plant), and estimated tree age (32 to 110 years). The free and glycosylated sterol phenotypes were also not dependent on the presence/absence of developed embryos in mature seeds. The significant response to leaf number was subtle with an increase of 43 leaves associated with a 0.1-mg increase in free sterol per gram seed fresh weight. This is the first report for any cycad that discusses reproductive or physiological traits in the context of allometric relations. Results indicate a highly constrained phenotypic plasticity of Cycas gametophyte sterol and steryl glucoside concentration and seed content in relation to whole plant and organ size variation.
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Duan, Yu, Tengyun Ye, Daiquan Ye, and Jian Zhou. "Seed Distribution and Phenotypic Variation in Different Layers of a Cunninghamia Lanceolata Seed Orchard." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020240.
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The phenotypic characteristics of forest seeds are the basis of germplasm innovation, genetic improvement, and biological research, and they also are the reference for the development of seed orchards. In this study, we analyzed seed quantity characteristics, phenotypic differentiation, and variation patterns in three seed-bearing clones from different crown layers of the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) orchard located in Fujian Province, China. We divided the clones into six layers according to crown height and the sunny and shady sides, 14 phenotypic characteristics, and five quality indexes, and we measured the germination rate of seeds. The rate of seeds filled with tannin-like substance in the upper sunny layer was low, but it was high in the lower shady layer. The germination rate was highest in the upper sunny layer and lower in the middle and lower shady sides. Values of most of the 14 phenotypic traits tested differed significantly among clones and layers. The average value of the phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 81.16%, indicating that variation among clones explained most of the total phenotypic variation. The repeatability of the 14 phenotypic traits was high (R > 0.80), indicating that these traits are highly heritable. The phenotypic characteristics of cones and seeds varied from 6.86% to 129.51%. The 14 phenotypic traits exhibited different degrees of correlation, and seed weight, seed circumference, seed width, and seed area can be used to predict other seed traits. However, the correlations between cone traits were not strong. Our results show that when establishing a dwarfing Chinese fir seed orchard, the distribution and variation of seeds in different crown layers of clones should be considered, and clones with more cones in the lower crown layer should be selected as parents.
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Aya, Lucie Félicité N'GAZA, Messikely ANOMAN Tchimonbié, Kouakou BROU Fulgence, and Irié Arsène ZORO Bi. "Prevalence of viviparous germination as a function of seasonal conditions and seed phenotypic characteristics in the bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley (Cucurbitaceae)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 1768–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950267.
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Selection for resistance to viviparous germination is an important step and one of the most effective strategies for solving the problem of vivipary in orthodox seed species. Vivipary generally occurs when mature fruits are exposed to rain. To understand the existing relationships between seed phenotypic characteristics, seasonal conditions and the prevalence of vivipary in <em>Lagenaria siceraria</em>, experiments were carried out under natural conditions during the short and long rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015. Three main conclusions were drawn from the results. Firstly, yellowish seeds with a soft seed coat without a cap and yellowish seeds with a soft seed coat with a thin cap were more susceptible to vivipary with prevalences of 37.64% and 29.75% respectively. The whitish seeds with a hard seed coat and no cap, the brown seeds with a hard seed coat and no cap, the yellowish seeds with a soft seed coat and a thick cap and the seeds with a soft seed coat and a brown cap did not show vivipary whatever the intensity of the rain preceding harvest. Secondly, although the prevalence of vivipary was affected by the interaction of phenotype and rainy seasons, it explained only 7.57% of the variation. Most of the variation in vivipary prevalence was related to seed phenotype (68.33%) indicating that seed phenotype is the main factor influencing vivipary prevalence in <em>L. siceraria</em>. Finally, vivipary prevalence was strongly and positively correlated with rainfall and humidity in viviparous genotypes, whereas non-viviparous genotypes were not affected by climatic parameters.
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Cañadas-López, Álvaro, Diana Rade-Loor, and Carlos Molina-Hidrovo. "In situ assessment of Jatropha curcas germplasm under tropical dry forest conditions in Manabí-Ecuador." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 73, no. 3 (2020): 9273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n3.85788.
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Jatropha germplasm accessions need an assessment of their traits to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the genetic variability among accessions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the phenotypic behavior of 130 Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) accessions and the genetic variability of selected Jatropha accessions. The selected variables were assessed between 2008-2014 based on the number of fruits per tree (FP), the number of seeds per fruit (SpF), weight of 100 dry seeds (100SW), seed length (SL), seed width (SW), smallest deviation standard as regular seed production (RP), highest deviation standard as irregular seed production (IP), seed oil content (Oil), seed production in g per tree (SP). Correspondence Analysis techniques were also applied in selected elite Jatropha accessions. The genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient between seed length, seed width, 100-seed weight and oil content for selected Jatropha accessions were applied. Variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability (broad-sense) and genetic advance were calculated for several Jatropha phenotypic characteristics. CP041, CP052, CP037, CP054, CP060, CP122, CP118, CP120, CP121 INIAP Jatropha accessions were selected basically for SP and FP. A high statistically significant correlation (genotypic and phenotypic) between seed length – seed width was obtained from the chosen Jatropha accessions. Genetic association in the characteristics of growth and production highlighted the low phenotypic diversity in the Jatropha Portoviejo Research Station (EEP) of the National Institute for Agricultural and Cattle Ranching Research (INIAP) germplasm bank. There is an urgent need to improve the germplasm resource by obtaining new accessions, mainly from countries considered as centers of origin of the species.
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Nasreldin, Abdelrahaman Gurashi, A.Y.Kordofani Maha, and F. Elkhalifa Kamal. "Variations in Fruit and seed Characteristics of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L) in Wild Stands in the Sudan." Agriculture and Forestry Journal 3, no. 2 (2019): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3561053.
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Baobab is a multipurpose tree species, widespread throughout the hot, drier regions of tropical Africa. In Sudan, it forms belts in Centre of the country, extending through, Kordofan, Darfur and Blue Nile. The phenotypic variation in fruits traits of selected baobab trees in ten wild populations in Sudan was considered by sampling fruits and assessing their characteristics. Fruits were characterized from 130 trees, represented from two states distributed along a rainfall gradient (5 locations in each state). From each tree, six dry fruit were selected. For all the measured fruit shapes characters. The results showed highly significant differences between the two states, in fruit, pulp, and seed weight, number of seed, individual seed weight, seed length and width. Fruits from Blue Nile (wetter area) were heavier (large weight mean of capsules 209.22±84.32, pulp 30.8±14.09 and seeds 90.25± 48.8) than those from North kordofan, dry area (weight of capsules 153.18±78.45, pulp 24.54±10.47 and seeds 61.23± 39.08), as well as mean number of seed per capsule from Blue Nile was found to be larger (192.3 ±43.2) than those from North Kordofan (133 ±34.2). According to the fruit types, the highest mean pulp weight (70.18 g) was measured in Taloba location (in Blue Nile State) from spheroid fruits. Whereas in North Kordofan state the highest mean (39.97g) was measured only in ellipsoid fruits from KorTaggats location. It is concluded that environment and genetics play an important role in fruit shapes characters of baobab, and there is great phenotypic variability in fruit characters found between baobab population in studied area, offering opportunities for cultivar selection (domestication purpose and tree improvement).
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Aya Lucie Félicité N’GAZA, Tchimonbié Messikely ANOMAN, Fulgence Kouakou BROU, and Bi Irié Arsène ZORO. "Prevalence of viviparous germination as a function of seasonal conditions and seed phenotypic characteristics in the bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley (Cucurbitaceae)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 1768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2716.
Full textAbstract:
Selection for resistance to viviparous germination is an important step and one of the most effective strategies for solving the problem of vivipary in orthodox seed species. Vivipary generally occurs when mature fruits are exposed to rain. To understand the existing relationships between seed phenotypic characteristics, seasonal conditions and the prevalence of vivipary in Lagenaria siceraria, experiments were carried out under natural conditions during the short and long rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015. Three main conclusions were drawn from the results. Firstly, yellowish seeds with a soft seed coat without a cap and yellowish seeds with a soft seed coat with a thin cap were more susceptible to vivipary with prevalences of 37.64% and 29.75% respectively. The whitish seeds with a hard seed coat and no cap, the brown seeds with a hard seed coat and no cap, the yellowish seeds with a soft seed coat and a thick cap and the seeds with a soft seed coat and a brown cap did not show vivipary whatever the intensity of the rain preceding harvest. Secondly, although the prevalence of vivipary was affected by the interaction of phenotype and rainy seasons, it explained only 7.57% of the variation. Most of the variation in vivipary prevalence was related to seed phenotype (68.33%) indicating that seed phenotype is the main factor influencing vivipary prevalence in L. siceraria. Finally, vivipary prevalence was strongly and positively correlated with rainfall and humidity in viviparous genotypes, whereas non-viviparous genotypes were not affected by climatic parameters.
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Dalbato, A. L., F. Kobza, and L. M. Karlsson. " Effect of polyploidy and pollination methods on capsule and seed set of pansies (Viola × wittrockiana Gams)." Horticultural Science 40, No. 1 (2013): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/51/2012-hortsci.
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&nbsp;Pansy, Viola &times; wittrockiana, is a popular ornamental plant. Effects of polyploidy on phenotype and four pollination methods on capsule and seed set were studied using ten octoploid (2n = 8x) and two hexadecaploid (2n = 16x) genotypes, originating from induced mutagenesis. Principal component analysis, using 19 phenotypic, phenological and physiological characteristics, revealed that hexadecaploids showed larger differences to the corresponding standard cultivars than octoploids. Number of seed per capsule was similar among genotypes. Capsule set with open pollination was 32&ndash;64 %, with self-pollination by hand 18&ndash;49% and with cross-pollination by hand 14&ndash;43%, while no plant successfully set capsules with seeds under isolators if not pollinated manually. Thus, Viola &times; wittrockiana is self-compatible but requires an agent-mediation for successful pollination. The induced phenotypes were found stable over four generations. Hexadecaploids had more attractive phenotypes but fewer seeds than octoploids. However, variation in seed set enabled selection of plants with high fertility, and average seed set increased over generations. Thus, new varieties, fulfilling aesthetic criteria as well as economic and agronomic traits, can be bred from induced mutagenesis.
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Rivera Figueroa, César Humberto, John G. Mexal Ph.D., and Deniss L. Clason. "Components of phenotypic variance of seed traits and germination characteristics of 20 ponderosa pine half-sib families." TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua 12, no. 3 (2019): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54167/tch.v12i3.189.
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A study was conducted to estimate phenotypic variance components of seed traits and seed vigor of 20 ponderosa pine seed lots. A high intraspecific within-group variation in seed germination and seedling growth has been observed in both half-sib and full-sib families of conifers. Some seed traits may influence seed lot quality and seedling survival. Wind-pollinated cones were collected from 20 ponderosa pine maternal trees, 10 cones per tree, in a stand located in Fort Defiance, Arizona. Air-dried seeds were sown under laboratory conditions, by using a completely randomized design to estimate components of phenotypic variance for seed weight (SW), seed coat weight (SCW), seed imbibition (IMB), five germination characteristics, and three Weibull parameters (a, b and c). About 80 % of size classes had a seed weight (SW) e» 41 mg and e» 97 % final germination. The within-plot (within- family) variance component for SW (64.5 %) and IMB (70.4 %) was higher than among-family variation (35.3 and 24.8 %, respectively). The among-family component varied from 35.1 % (Weibull parameter a) to 62.3 % (Peak Value). Results suggest a significant maternal contribution and a high within-family genetic influence on seed quality and germination characteristics. Finally, heavier seeds (SW e» 60 mg), whose time of germination (TOG) occurred at day 3, increased 38.3 % of their seed weight due to water absorption before reaching 50 % germination; on the other hand, seeds whose SW was e» 45 mg and TOG = 7, showed 102.2 % increase in SW before reaching 50 % germination. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v12i3.189
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Anatov, D. M. "Intrapopulation variability of fruit traits of Prunus divaricate Ledeb. in conditions of intramontane Dagestan, Russia." South of Russia: ecology, development 19, no. 4 (2025): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-4-2.
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The paper presents the results of the analysis of intrapopulation variability and phenotypic diversity of traits in the fruit of Prunus divaricata Ledeb. in the conditions of intramontane Dagestan. Phenotypic variability was studied in an isolated population of cherry plum, growing on the Gunib plateau in the upper altitudinal limits of the species' distribution (1,600–1,850 m). For quantitative and qualitative recording, 30 individuals in a mature generative state were selected. Morphological descriptions and measurements were carried out based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fruit, pit and seed. The population investigated is characterized by low phenotypic variation in quality characteristics with a predominance of very small (up to 5 g) fruits (66.7 %) with an oval fruit shape (80 %) and yellow skin color (56.6 %), sour and sweet‐sour in taste (93.3 %). The seeds are often very small and oval in shape (50 %).Using the methods of clustering, multidimensional scaling and K‐means of quantitative traits of the fruit, pit and seed, the presence of three clusters (groups) of individuals in the population was established. The first group was formed by phenotypes with the lowest values for all informative characteristics, conventionally termed ‘small‐fruited’, the second group was formed by individuals with relatively large sizes of the fruit, flesh and thickness of the fruit‐stalk – ‘large‐fruited’ and the third group was made up of phenotypes of medium‐sized fruit and high values of pit and seed – ‘large stoned’. The results of one‐way analysis of variance showed significant and high differences between clusters for all characteristics taken into account.
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Dhanai, C., A. Uniyal, and N. Todaria. "Provenance variation in pod and seed characteristics of Albizia chinensis (Osbeck ) in western Himalaya." Indian Journal of Forestry 26, no. 3 (2003): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2003-13o7k8.
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Provenance study of Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. was undertaken to identify suitable seed source for production of quality seedlings for mass afforestation in agroforestry systems in Central Himalaya. Significant variations were recorded among 13 population for pod and seed morphology. Altitude of seed source was found non-effective. Among all the pod-seed characters, number of seeds/pod and seed weight were found most variable characters, and, number of seed/pod had higher genotypic, phenotypic and environmental co-efficients of variability. High broad sense heritability and genetic gain as obtained for pod length, seed thickness and number of seeds/pod indicate additive gene action. On average, the population of Manan, Augastyamuni, Joshiara and Tallimari were found to be the best on the basis of pod-seed morphological characters. This preliminary investigation will be useful for further genetic improvement of A. chinensis.
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Hantsch, Lydia, Helge Bruelheide, and Alexandra Erfmeier. "High phenotypic variation of seed traits, germination characteristics and genetic diversity of an invasive annual weed." Seed Science Research 23, no. 1 (2013): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025851200030x.
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AbstractBoth phenotypic and genetic variation can affect the establishment success of exotic species. Using the weed Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. with a continuous westward expansion of the native geographic range, we asked to what degree seed traits and germination patterns differ among different habitat disturbance types in the introduced region. We hypothesized that seed traits and germination pattern differ between different disturbance types, with lighter seeds and enhanced germination speed in highly disturbed habitats. Since S. vernalis colonizes successfully various disturbed habitats, we expected to find a high phenotypic genetic variation. Individuals from 19 populations were sampled from one region in Eastern Germany to study seed trait variation and germination success by means of a germination experiment and to assess genetic patterns using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Contrary to our expectation, habitat disturbance types did not differ in seed traits, germination characteristics or genetic variation. Instead, we found highest phenotypic and genetic variation within populations. Maximum percentage of germination was positively affected by seed mass. In addition, there was a weak but significant association between AFLP band patterns and population size and seed width, indicating that some variation in seed traits has a genetic component. In conclusion, the absence of a population differentiation at this geographic scale makes it unlikely that adaptation to different disturbance regimes is involved. Instead, a high variation in seed traits, overall high germination and genetic variation within populations under a wide range of habitat disturbance conditions seems to enable the offspring to colonize various habitat disturbance types.
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Wu, Weifeng, Ying Cheng, Keling Tu, et al. "Study on the Selection of Processing Process and Parameters of Platycodon grandiflorum Seeds Assisted by Machine Vision Technology." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (2022): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112764.
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Seed processing is an important means of improving seed quality. However, the traditional seed processing process and parameter adjustment are highly empirically dependent. In this study, machine vision technology was used to develop a seed processing method based on the rapid extraction of seeds’ material characteristics. Combined with the results of clarity analysis and the single seed germination test, the seed processing process and parameters were determined through data analysis. The results showed that several phenotypic features were significantly or highly significantly correlated with clarity, but fewer phenotypic features were correlated with viability. According to the probability density distribution of pure seeds and impurities in the features that were significantly correlated with seed clarity, the sorting parameters of length, width, R, G, and B were determined. When the combination of width (≥0.8 mm) + G (<75) was used for sorting, the recall of pure seeds was higher than 91%, and the precision was increased to 98.6%. Combined with the specific production reality, the preliminary determination of the Platycodon grandiflorum seed processing process was air separation—screen (round hole sieve)—color sorting. Then, four commercialized Platycodon grandiflorum seed lots were sorted by this process using corresponding parameters in the actual processing equipment. Subsequently, the seed clarity and germination percentage were significantly improved, and the seed quality qualification rate was increased from 25% to 75%. In summary, by using machine vision technology to quickly extract the material characteristics of the seeds, combined with correlation analysis, probability density distribution plots, single feature selection, and combination sorting comparisons, the appropriate processing process and corresponding sorting parameters for a specific seed lot can be determined, thus maximizing the seed quality.
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Mertz, Liliane Marcia, Fernando Augusto Henning, Ana Paula Piccinin Barbieri, Samantha Rigo Segalin, Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski, and Paulo Dejalma Zimmer. "Punctual mutations in lipoxygenase sequence expressed in black soybean seed coat." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 2 (2013): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000200014.
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Lipoxygenase enzymes are relevant in several characteristics of soybean seeds, such as germination performance, storage capacity and tolerance to infection by microorganisms. In this sense, the study of allelic variations of the genes related to that enzyme may be promising for the development of molecular markers associated with phenotypic characteristics which are relevant to seed physiology. This study aimed to identify mutations in lipoxygenase sequence expressed in black soybean seed coat. After isolation of the sequence of interest by the cDNA-AFLP technique, such sequence was compared with sequences of nucleotides and proteins of the lipoxygenase present in yellow soybean seed coat. Analysis of multiple sequence alignment has shown an expressive number of changes in the sequence of nucleotides, which have resulted in the modification of 13 amino acids in the translated protein. The identification of such mutations widens the possibility for further studies involving the association of these allelic variations with phenotypic differences of interest to seeds physiology.
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Noronha, Luiz Felipe Queiroz, Éder Matsuo, Tiago Avila Silva, et al. "Influence of cotyledons on phenotypic characteristics in soybean seedlings." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 10 (December 23, 2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r217.v10.2024.
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Different factors can interfere with the success of crop establishment, such as cotyledon destruction in the early stages of soybean cultivation. In this context, the influence of cotyledons on phenotypic characteristics in soybean seedlings was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and seeds of the TMG 803 cultivar, previously classified by size using sieves with circular holes (P5.5, P6.0, P6.5, P7.0, and P7.5), were used. After germination, cotyledons were removed at stages VE, VC, V1, and V2, and for each stage, three types of cotyledon removal were performed: no cotyledon removal, removal of one cotyledon, and removal of two cotyledons. The experiment followed a 5×4×3 factorial design in a randomized block layout with four repetitions, and the experimental unit was the average of two seedlings grown in a pot. The epicotyl length, internode length, petiole length of the first trifoliate leaf, and seedling height were evaluated at development stages V2 and V3. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and subjected to the Tukey test at a 5% significance level. The influence of seed size on epicotyl length (evaluated at V2 and V3) and internode length (evaluated at V2) was more pronounced when cotyledons were removed at stages VE and VC. Internode length (evaluated at V3), petiole length (evaluated at V2), and seedling height (evaluated at V2 and V3) were influenced by seed size, independent of other factors. The number of cotyledons removed influenced the length of the evaluated traits.
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Zahran, Hamdy A., Ahmed Abd-Elsaber, and Hesham Z. Tawfeuk. "Genetic diversity, chemical composition and oil characteristics of six sesame genotypes." OCL 27 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020034.
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The nutritional factors and characteristics of sesame (Sesame indicum L.) seeds and extracted oil of six genotypes: G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 cultivated in Upper Egypt were subjected to comparative evaluation with control (G1), for its genetic diversity, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity and oil oxidative stability (Rancimat test). Estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation revealed high value in seed yield. For heritability estimates, the data showed that four traits out of eight recorded the highest heritability values over of 90%. These traits were oil yield (99.56%), seed yield (98.83%), plant height (96.33%) and seed index (90.03%). Sesame seeds have a high oil content (39.56 to 54.64 g/100g dry weight). The fatty acid profile was varied among the genotypes, in particular oleic acid (37.15 to 46.61%) and linoleic acid (37.49 to 44.33%). Results indicated that G4 has significantly higher in most agricultural traits as well as seed yield, while the G5 was the highest in oil yield and has significantly higher oxidative stability (26.57 h) among the genotypes.
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Yasir, Musaab A., and Ziyad A. Abed. "Genetic Parameters and Heritability of Sunflower Genotypes as Influenced by Different Nitrogen Rates." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1371, no. 5 (2024): 052051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1371/5/052051.
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Abstract This study was carried out to estimate the genetic parameters, heritability in broad sense, Phenotypic coefficient (PCV), Genotypic coefficient (GCV) and phenotypic and genotypic correlation among characteristics of sunflower genotypes. Eight sunflower genotypes were evaluated in the randomized complete block design (RBCD) with three replications under three nitrogen rates (50, 100 and 200) Nkha-1 at spring and fall season. The results indicated that the sunflower genotypes were significantly for all characteristics. The phenotypic coefficient (PCV) was largest than the genotypic coefficient (GCV). The seed yield showed the highest PCV under 200 Nkha-1 (15.73) and the highest GCV (12.48) under 50 Nkha-1. Higher value of heritability in the broad sense was obtained (92.66, 94.13) % for seed weight and seed yield under (200) Nkha-1. while the lowest value of heritability was scored (44.56)% for seed yield in the fall season under 200 Nkha-1. However, characteristics having high stability, like disc diameter and seed weight under all nitrogen fertilizer rates, therefore can be used a selection criteria to improve some sunflower genotypes under nitrogen fertilizers.
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Tsobeng, Alain, Zac Tchoundjeu, Ann Degrande, Ebenezer Asaah, Takoutsing Bertin, and Patrick Van Damme. "Phenotypic variation in Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae) from the humid lowlands of Cameroon." Afrika Focus 28, no. 2 (2015): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02802004.
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Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae) has emerged as one of the top underutilized agroforestry species with considerable economic and nutritional value in West and Central Africa where the spe¬cies is endemic and exploited by farmers. However, the species suffers from a level of exploitation that is unsustainable. This dramatically decreases the natural resource base. Key information such as tree variation is needed to develop an efficient strategy for its domestication. This study there¬fore assesses the species phenotypic variation in two populations in the forest zone of Cameroon. Overall, 49 trees (19 in Lomie and 30 in Djoum) were sampled. Tree characteristics (diameter at breast height (DBH), height, crown diameter), pod (number of seeds per pod), seed (width, length, thickness, weight) and kernel traits (weight) were recorded. All these parameters were subjected to a combination of multivariate, PCA and cluster analyses. Results revealed four clusters of P. macrophylla trees with cluster IV considered as the best because it contains four elite trees (LOM/PM/09, LOM/PM/13, LOM/PM/15 and LOM/PM/16) with desirable tree characteristics. Clusters were further considered as different groups of trees, and seeds and kernel traits variation assessed using ANOVA analysis. Significant differences in mean kernel weight occured between groups. Cluster IV presented the highest mean kernel weight (19.25 ± 0.16 g), while cluster III had the lowest (13.28 ± 0.57 g). Within cluster IV, the highest kernel weight (25.83 ± 5.62 g) was found in tree number LOM/PM/09. Kernel weight was found to be positive and strongly correlated (r = 0.95) with seed weight. We can conclude that there is phenotypic variation between the trees of P. macrophylla in terms of DBH, height, crown diameter, number of seeds, seed width, seed length, seed thickness, seed and kernel weight. Results obtained in this study could serve as a useful guide for the selection of targeted P. macrophylla trees either for domestication or for conservation purposes.
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Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar, Tolga Karaköy, Mehmet Zahit Yeken, et al. "Phenotypic Characterization of 183 Turkish Common Bean Accessions for Agronomic, Trading, and Consumer-Preferred Plant Characteristics for Breeding Purposes." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020272.
Full textAbstract:
Plant landraces represent a repository of a gene pool, local adaptation of their domestic species, and thereby are considered a great source of genetic variations. Such genetic variation can be helpful to mitigate the current and future food challenges. A total of 183 common bean accessions including three commercial varieties collected from 19 Turkish provinces were grown to record their morpho-agronomic variations and to evaluate the best performing accessions under multi-environmental conditions. Plant height, days to maturity, pods weight, seed length, and 100-seed weight were used to evaluate the best performing accessions under different environmental conditions. A wide range of variations for traits like days to maturity (99–161), plant height (21–168.7 cm), seed length (7.41–16.4 mm), seeds per plant (17.8–254.4), and 100-seeds weight (24.97–73.8 g) were observed and can be useful for breeding purposes. The analytic results derived from the first three eigenvectors suggested that plant height, plant weight, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering were biologically significant bean traits. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with plant weight and pods weight. Genotype × environment biplot discriminated the studied common bean accessions based on their plant height and growth habit. Plant height, days to maturity, seed width, and first pod height were found highly heritable traits and were least affected by environmental forces. Among 19 provinces, accessions of Bilecik showed maximum pods per plant, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight, while Erzincan and Sivas provinces reflected the prevalence of bushy and early maturing accessions. Information provided herein comprehensively explored the occurrence of genotypic variations which can be used for the development of candidate varieties responding to breeder, farmer, and consumer preferences.
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Hijawi, Thameen. "Phenotypic Variation in Two Wild Radishes: Raphanus pugioniformis and Raphanus raphanistrum in Field and Common Gardens in Palestine." Open Access Journal of Botanical Insights 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajbi-16000103.
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A study was conducted to explore phenotypic variation in two Raphanus species: Raphanus raphanistrum and R. pugioniformis, which are found in the East-Mediterranean region. For each species, a 100m2 area representing their respective habitats was selected. Morphological characterization of the whole plant, leaves, and fruits was carried out in the field. The study analyzed morphological characteristics of R. pugioniformis populations during both flowering and maturity stages. It also compared the maturity stage characteristics. The examined characteristics included plant height, flower to plant ratio, leaf to plant ratio, leaf length, flower color, tip to pod ratio, seed to fruit ratio, fruit parameters (length, width, and weight), and the number of primary and secondary branches. Results revealed that plant height, tip to pod ratio, and fruit length increased from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. However, the number of primary and secondary branches and the ratio of seeds to fruit remained consistent between the flowering and maturity stages. R. raphanistrum exhibited greater plant height, flower to plant ratio, leaf to plant ratio, tip to pod ratio, seed to fruit ratio, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, and number of branches. The study examined also the dry weight and nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium contents in leaves, stems, and seeds. It was found that R. pugioniformis had higher nitrogen and phosphorous contents in the leaves, stem, seeds, and whole plant compared to R. raphanistrum. R. pugioniformis exhibited higher nitrogen and phosphorous contents in the leaves, seeds, and whole plant. Similar trends were observed for potassium content. In summary, the study highlighted the phenotypic variation between R. raphanistrum and R. pugioniformis populations in the East-Mediterranean region. Differences were observed in various morphological characteristics, dry weight, and nutrient contents, providing valuable insights into the contrasting traits and adaptations of these closely related Raphanus species.
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Sahoo, Deebe Prasad, Gyana Ranjan Rout, Swarnalata Das, Subhashree Aparajita, and A. K. Mahapatra. "Genotypic Variability and Correlation Studies in Pod and Seed Characteristics ofPongamia pinnata(L.) Pierre in Orissa, India." International Journal of Forestry Research 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/728985.
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Pongamia pinnata(L.) Pierre is a fast growing leguminous tree with high potential for oil seed production. Fifty-three candidate plus trees (CPTs) ofPongamia pinnatawere selected from different locations in Orissa, India, on the basis of their seed and pod characteristics to identify suitable seed source with high oil content for production of quality planting seedling for use in afforestation programs. All the CPTs showed significant variation among themselves in respect to their pod and seed characters. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) estimates were high for pod thickness, seed thickness, 100-pod weight, and 100-seed weight. High heritability values accompanied by high genetic advance for 100-seed weight (96.1%, 59.6) and 100-pod weight (90.9%, 37.3) indicated additive gene action. High estimates of genotypic correlations than the corresponding phenotypic correlations indicated the presence of strong inherent association between pod length and pod breadth; 100-pod weight, and pod thickness; 100-pod weight and seed length; 100-seed weight and 100-pod weight. Seed length, seed breadth, seed thickness, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had significant positive correlation with each other, and these characters should be considered as effective parameters to select CPTs for different agroforestry programs.
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Zhang, Kaiqiang, Zhu Zhu, Rongrong Shi, Ningrui Shi, Qing Tian, and Xuemei Lu. "Phenotypic Diversity and Seed Germination of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. in Relation to the Geographical Environment in Gansu Province, China." Agronomy 14, no. 9 (2024): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092165.
Full textAbstract:
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is a highly adaptable urban ornamental plant, playing a key role in dry land and saline-alkali protective forests. The diverse geographical and climatic conditions in Gansu Province have resulted in variations in its distribution and growth. This study assesses the phenotypic diversity of fruits and seeds, and the seed germination characteristics of 82 E. angustifolia plants from nine populations in Gansu Province, exploring their relationship with geographical and climatic factors. We measured 12 phenotypic traits and five germination indices. This study included germination tests under standard conditions, statistical analysis of phenotypic differences, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses to examine relationships between traits and geo-climatic factors. Principal component and cluster analyses were also performed to identify key traits and classify populations. The findings were as follows: (1) Significant differences were observed in phenotypic traits and germination characteristics among populations. Single fruit weight showed the highest variation (27.56%), while seed transverse diameter had the lowest (8.76%). The Lanzhou population exhibited the greatest variability (14.27%), while Linze had the lowest (6.29%). (2) A gradient change pattern in traits was observed, primarily influenced by longitude and a combination of geographical and climatic factors. Seed germination was positively correlated with altitude, annual precipitation, and relative humidity, but negatively affected by latitude and traits such as fruit weight. (3) Principal component analysis identified germination rate, germination index, seed shape index, and fruit shape index as primary factors, contributing 27.4%, 20.6%, and 19.9% to the variation, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the 82 plants into four clusters, not strictly based on geographical distance, suggesting influence from factors such as genotype or environmental conditions. In conclusion, this study lays a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms behind the phenotypic diversity and germination characteristics of E. angustifolia. It offers insights into how geo-climatic factors influence these traits, providing valuable information for the species’ conservation, cultivation, and management.
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Xie, Qian, Lai Jiang, Qingqing Zhao, Yanju Zheng, Yanfei Yang, and Qingxi Chen. "Structure Characteristics, Variation of Main Quantitative Traits, and Probability Grading of Chinese Olive (Canarium album) Seeds." Horticulturae 10, no. 7 (2024): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070736.
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In order to comprehensively describe and evaluate Chinese olive seeds, this study examined 33 varieties (strains) of Chinese olive seeds to address the limitations of previous research on quantitative trait variation and grading among Chinese olive seed varieties (strains). The research specifically focused on evaluating the morphological characteristics, seed locule structure, embryo composition, and phenotypic quantitative traits of Chinese olive seeds. The results indicated that Chinese olive seeds consisted of a core, seed coat, and embryo. Typically, the core contained two to four locules, with each locule containing zero to one embryos. Eight distinct structural variations were identified, with the number of locules per seed ranging from two to four and the number of embryos ranging from one to four. The most common structural types were ‘3-locule 1-embryo’ and ‘3-locule 2-embryo’, each occurring in 100% of the varieties (strains) studied. These two structural types also had a high average proportion within each variety (line), accounting for 50.17% and 42.06%, respectively. The average dimensions of a seed were 31.20 mm in length and 10.89 mm in width, with a shape index of 2.89 and weighing 1.55 g. These quantitative traits displayed significant variation, with the coefficient of variation being highest for single seed weight (19.35%) and lowest for seed length (9.39%). Normality tests revealed that seed width, seed length, and single seed weight followed a normal distribution. These traits were categorized into five levels based on specific points, with probabilities of occurrence approximately 10%, 20%, 40%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding and utilizing Chinese olive seed traits and provide valuable insights for the establishment of seed trait standards and data normalization.
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Wegayehu Tilahun, Gizaw, Demis Fikire, Dasta Tsagaye, and Fekadu Gebretensay. "Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity among Ethiopian Coriander Accessions (Coriandrum sativum) at Kulumsa, Southeastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Nov, 11 (2023): 1502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.4956.
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A phenotypic diversity study was carried out under field conditions in the meher season ((July–November 2019 and 2020) at Kulumsa, Southeast Ethiopia to assess variables that directly affect seed yield, contribute to the total phenotypic variance, and classify coriander accessions. Twenty-five Ethiopian coriander accessions were laid out in a simple lattice design with two replications. Eight morphological parameters of the coriander accessions showed highly significant differences (p≤0.01)) in the combined analysis of variance. Plant height, the number of umbellets umbel-1, the number of seeds umbel-1, and the seed yield plant-1 all had a positive and direct effect on the seed yield (t ha-1). The first two principal components contributed 62.6% of the total phenotypic variation. Number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1, seed yield plant-1, and seed yield (t ha-1) were the characteristics with the highest loading effects in the first principle component, and plant height and seed yield (ha-1) in the second. Six clusters of accessions were created. About 28% and 8% of the studied accessions were found in the largest cluster (I) and clusters (V and VI), respectively. The highest inter-cluster distances were observed between VI and III (D2 = 159.21), IV and III (D2 = 155.84), and VI and I (D2 = 113.26) clusters. Crossing between accessions included in those clusters could produce highly heterotic responses and segregants. In general, this study demonstrated significant phenotypic diversity among the tested accessions and could be used in improvement programs to develop desirable coriander cultivars.
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Ordiales, Elena, Domingo J. Iglesias, María Victoria Alarcón, et al. "Characteristics Defining Broccoli Cultivars from Different Seed Producers." International Journal of Agronomy 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8216390.
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Broccoli (Brassica oleraceaL. var.italica) is currently considered a main vegetable food in the markets due to its high nutritional value, containing elevated levels of phytochemicals widely described to have beneficial effects against cancer and other illnesses. Broccoli is an interesting crop with a high commercial value because it complements the tomato industry, the main agricultural income in Badajoz, Spain. Nine varieties of broccoli from four nurseries were evaluated by analyzing both agronomic and quality parameters. Total yield and number of harvests were monitored. Parameters defining quality like diameter, weight, and height of the heads were determined. Granulometry, compactness, and the presence of internal leaves in the heads were also analyzed. Diameter and height of sprouts were complementarily estimated. Principal component analysis was further employed to investigate the relationship between the agronomic variables and the cultivars and nurseries. Results revealed that both first and second principal components explained more than 75% of the variance and grouped data according their cultivar and commercial origin. Additionally, correlations between the scores of those components and the values of the phenotypic parameters suggested that head weights are main determinants of the phenotypic differences observed among the cultivars whereas the presence of internal leaves and granulometry and head weight appear to be key traits defining nurseries.
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Dzoyem, Camille Ulrich Dzokouo, Guy Blaise Noumbissié Touko, Emmanuel Youmbi, and Frédéric Bakry. "Improving Crossing Efficiency by Exploiting the Genetic Potential of Allotetraploid Cooking Bananas." Horticulturae 10, no. 1 (2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010062.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional breeding involves considerable genetic recombination. To maximize breeding efforts, it is necessary to increase seed yield. This study proposes to improve seed yield by using tetraploid bananas as part of a genetic improvement programme for cooking varieties. To this end, the female fertility (seeding rate and embryo sac maturity) of tetraploid banana plants was characterised. The pollen potential of tetraploids was then assessed at anthesis and at the end of meiosis, as well as during crosses with seminiferous diploids, leading to a phenotypic characterisation of the value of an offspring. This study highlighted the low seed production rate of tetraploid genitors. At best, 7% of seeds are produced per fruit, but 57% of the ovules per fruit have mature embryo sacs. The use of tetraploids as male parents, free from any source of sterility associated with the domestication process, did not generally improve the seed rate, except in the case of FHIA 21 (2930 seeds). Its pollen potential was used in a cross with Banksii 0623 (♀). This resulted in progeny with interesting vigour and phenotypic characteristics. This latter combination has the potential to transfer its “cooking” genetic structure.
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Mohammadi, Khosro, and Reza Talebi. "Interrelationships and genetic analysis of seed yield and morphological traits in mini core collection of Iranian landrace, breeding lines and improved chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars." Genetika 47, no. 2 (2015): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1502383m.
Full textAbstract:
To determine the association between genetic parameters and morphological traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, a field experiment was conducted with 49 different landrace, breeding lines and cultivated chickpea genotypes using a 7?7 lattice square design with 2 replications in the 2012-2013 growing season. Genetic parameters including genetic, environmental and phenotypic variances; coefficients of variation; heritability; correlation coefficients; factor analysis and path coefficients were estimated, and cluster analysis was performed. High heritability values observed in measured traits indicating that these traits are controlled mainly by additive genes and that selection of such traits may be effective for improving seed yield. Number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and plant biomass had a positive direct effect on seed yield. These traits also had positive and highly significant phenotypic correlations with seed yield. Using principal component (PC) analysis, the first three PCs with eigenvalues more than 1 contributed 70.94% of the variability among accessions. The germplasm were grouped into 3 clusters. Each cluster had some specific characteristics of its own and the cluster I was clearly separated from cluster II and III. Overall the results, it can be concluded that seed yield in chickpea can be improved by selecting an ideotype having greater number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and plant biomass.
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Mahla, Prachi, Manohar Ram, Jogender Beniwal, Anju Nehra, Dalip, and Rukoo Chawla. "Delineating the Genetic Variability and Diversity in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 15, Jan, 1 (2024): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5013.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated 44 green gram genotypes collected from the AICRP on MULLaRP to investigate genetic variability and divergence. During kharif (July–October, 2020), the genotypes were assessed for various morphological traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation, indicating significant variability. Clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, and seed yield plant-1 exhibited the highest genetic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability was observed for 1000-seed weight, clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, and seeds pod-1, suggesting the influence of additive genetic factors. Genetic advance as a % of the mean was particularly notable for clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, and seed yield plant-1. Further analysis using Mahalanobis D2 statistics resulted in the classification of genotypes into seven clusters, with Cluster I being the largest. Cluster IV and VI showed the highest inter-cluster distance, indicating substantial genetic divergence. Notably, Cluster III represented by AKM 1801 displayed superior characteristics such as high mean values for pod length, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield per plant, making it a potential candidate for green gram improvement programs. In terms of genetic diversity, 1000-seed weight contributed the most, followed by clusters plant-1 and chlorophyll content. These findings highlight the importance of these traits in shaping the genetic diversity observed among the green gram genotypes.
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Aziziaram, Zahra, Kianoosh Cheghamirza, Leila Zarei, and Ali Beheshti-Alagha. "Chemical and morphological characteristics of common bean seed and evaluating genetic advance in commercial classes." Cellular and Molecular Biology 67, no. 6 (2022): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2021.67.6.13.
Full textAbstract:
Common bean (Phaseolus vulagris L.) is a nutritionally important food crop with prospective health benefits in the world. The current study was evaluated the chemical components, morphological characteristics, and genetic advance of 22 common bean cultivars/lines seeds from three commercial classes (white, red, pinto beans) adapted to different climates of Iran. The results showed significant variations among 22 common bean cultivars/lines for all studied seed traits. The commercial group comparisons showed that pinto beans were the best in terms of seed morphological characteristics but red beans were superior for seed protein percentage and zinc content. White beans had high amounts of iron, calcium and magnesium, and also presented high amounts of starch and uronic acid as anti-nutritional factors. Among the chemical components, crude fat had the highest genetic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, whereas starch percentage showed the lowest values. The genetic advance over the mean ranged from 6.73% (starch percentage) to 66.31% (100-seed weight), and high heritability was estimated for calcium content (0.99). AND1007 Line demonstrated the high seed protein, iron and zinc contents. To confirm the results, a genotype-by-trait biplot was done. These results could help to achieve a common bean cultivar with a high amount of nutritional value of seeds and appropriate seed characteristics with a low amount of anti-nutritional factors.
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Dylewski, Łukasz, Reuven Yosef, and Łukasz Myczko. "Difference on cone size preferences between two coniferous species by Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major)." PeerJ 5 (May 31, 2017): e3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3288.
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The number of species that specialize in pre-dispersal seed predation is relatively small. Examples of specialized pre-dispersal seed predators adapted to feeding on closed cones include vertebrate species like Crossbills, Squirrels, Nutcrackers and Woodpeckers. Seed predation selects against certain phenotypic features of cones and favors another phenotypic features. In this study, we document preferences of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) for specific traits in the cones of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). We found that the Great Spotted Woodpecker prefers to feed on medium sized Norway spruce cones. The results suggest a disruptive selection that favors the extreme cone lengths in Norway spruce. In Scots pine, the woodpeckers avoided cones with large apophyses. Further, the selectivity for the specific characteristics of the cones is probably related to the configuration of the anvil, a place at which woodpeckers extract seeds from the cones. We think that the Great Spotted Woodpecker preferences in relation to the morphological characteristics of cones are a key to the design of the anvil in order to maximize the use of it as a tool for processing cones of both the Norway spruce and the Scots pine.
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Park, Yong. "BREEDING BROWN ANTHER TYPE MALE STERILITY OF CARROT." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 644c—644. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.644c.
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This experiment was carried out to breed promising brown anther type male sterile lines of carrots having the desirable characteristics of higher seed yield and stable phenotypic expression of male sterility. Brown anther type male sterile lines used for this experiment had been derived from the male sterile sources selected from the seed multiplication plots of Shin Kurota cultivar in 1972. Brown anther type male sterile lines are, in general, good seed yielders but frequently show unstable phenotypic expression of male sterility as compared to petaloid type male sterile lines. Through several years of selection for male sterile lines and plants, brown anther type male sterile lines with good seed-yielding potentials and stable phenotypic expression similar to petaloid type were developed. Outline of the breeding scheme, potential benefits of these newly bred MS lines, etc. will be discussed.
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Zhang, Tao, Eric G. Lamb, Braulio Soto-Cerda, et al. "Structural equation modeling of the Canadian flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) core collection for multiple phenotypic traits." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 8 (2014): 1325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-158.
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Zhang, T., Lamb, E. G., Soto-Cerda, B., Duguid, S., Cloutier, S., Rowland, G., Diederichsen, A. and Booker, H. M. 2014. Structural equation modeling of the Canadian flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) core collection for multiple phenotypic traits. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1325–1332. Flax seed yield is a complex trait that results from the inter-relationship between many crop characteristics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a statistical method used to determine the relationship between measured variables such as crop characteristics. Crop phenology, canopy traits, yield, and its components were included in structural equation models to determine how these crop characteristics relate to seed yield in a phenotypically diverse collection of flax germplasm. Early season vigor (scored as greater plant stand) was positively associated with canopy light interception and higher seed yield. Plant height also had a significant positive effect on seed yield. Moreover, yield components such as 1000-seed weight, number of bolls per unit area, and boll weight were strongly and positively correlated with seed yield. Focusing on yield-related traits, canopy architecture and expansion, and seed weight may be advantageous over yield per se in breeding for yield improvement.
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Tiwari, Anuj, C. N. Ram, Dharmendra Bahadur Singh, Nitesh Kumar Singh, and Prashant. "Estimates of Genetic Variability and Correlation Coefficient for Yield and Its Attributes in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 1 (2024): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i14350.
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The study was conducted throughout the autumn/winter season 2021-2022 with the aim of estimating genetic variability for different characters in available Fenugreek germplasm viz: heritability in broad sense, genetic advance in per cent of mean and correlation coefficient among the characters pairs. The study's experimental material comprised 42 genotypes along with one check (Hisar Sonali). There were eleven quantitative characteristics (traits) on which observations were made. The magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (P.C.V.) was greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (G.C.V). The greatest differences in phenotype and genotype have been found in seed yield per plant followed by (no.) number of branches per plant, harvest index, days to maturity, test weight and no number. of seed per pod. The heritability estimates for various traits ranged from 15.9 (no number. of branches per plant) to 68.3 (plant height). Genetic advance in per cent of mean ranged from 3.36 per cent (No. number of seed per pod) to 12.64 per cent (days to maturity). The phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients were computed among the eleven characters. The most (A very) important trait, seed yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive phenotypic correlation with, harvest index (0.948) and test weight (0.935). While, days to 50% flowering (-0.678) was significantly and negatively correlated with seed yield per plant. These findings suggested that the current fenugreek germplasm has a great deal of promise for effective crop improvement and better yield and yield-(components) attributing traits.
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Yue, Guo Zhong, Min Hua Zhao, Guo Jun Zhang, Wan Qi Wang, and Jun Ming Yang. "Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Different Larix principis-rupprechtii Families." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1112.
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Phenotypic traits (thousand seed weight and plumpness, etc.), germination characteristics (germination rate and nursery germination rate, etc.), growth traits (seedling height, basal diameter, root length, etc.) and photosynthetic parameters of 8 superior families and 3 controls (seed orchard, seed production stand and planted forest) were measured and analyzed to determine the difference of seed germination and seedling growth among Larix principis-rupprechtii families. Results showed that families 7-46, 8-74 and 1-30 performed excellent in aspects of germination index, nursery germination rate, height, basal diameter and photosynthetic rate. Their membership function value was 4-5 times higher than planted forest, 35%-70% higher than the seed orchard and seed production stand.
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Vijay Khushal Patil. "Prediction and Counting of Soybean Seed Pod Image Based on Seed Counter Convolution Neural Network." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3 (2024): 4628–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.5831.
Full textAbstract:
It's a major supply and demand mismatch in India's soybean market. The quality of soybean breeding must be enhanced. It is crucial to accurately identify soybean pods before collecting phenotypic characteristics such effective pod number and seed quantity per plant. The hundred-grain weight is a crucial phenotypic indicator in crop breeding. When it comes to counting seeds, there are a few different approaches, and each has its disadvantages. Traditional digital image processing methods are not well-suited for seed counting based on photographs of individual pods, electrical automated seed counter devices are costly and have a very sluggish counting speed, and manual counting is labor-intensive. In order to reliably estimate the number of seeds in a single soybean pod picture, this article sought to create a methodology that would integrate prediction estimation based approaches with Seed Counter Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based methods. Our new large scope seed counting dataset, Soybean-case, is the principal thing we give in this article. So far, no other annotated dataset for soybean seed counting compares to this one, which has 500 photos of pods with 462 training samples and 116 testing samples each. Simultaneously, this paper lays out a multi-device capture-based pod dataset, with a training dataset consisting of 100 images after data augmentation, and test datasets for distortion images, high-density pods, and low-pixel images having 90 images each. Finally, Multi-Column Seed Counter CNN predicted the seed count with loss function. The probability of prediction by using Multi-Column Seed Counter CNN model is upto 97% as results obtained by model.
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Gawande, Yogesh, Navneet Raj Rathore, and Ashish Sinha. "Genetic Variability Character Association and Path Analysis Studies in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Genotype." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (2024): 250–57. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1312.026.
Full textAbstract:
The experimental material comprised of 20 Cowpea genotypes along with eleven quantitative characteristics. The experiment was conducted at Research Farm Genetics and Plant Breeding, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh during the kharif season of the year2023. Genotypes with eleven quantitative characteristics like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, number of pod cluster-1, number of pod plant-1, Plant height, length of pod, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seeds weight, biological yield plant-1, harvest index, seed yield plant-1. The data were analysed for genetic variability character association i.e. correlation and path analysis. The study revealed that phenotypic coefficient of variation was greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation, with the highest coefficient observed in the number of seeds pod-1. The environment coefficient of variance had the lowest values compared to GCV and PCV in harvest index, plant height, number of pod plant-1, seed yield plant-1 and biological yield plant-1. Characters with a higher number of pod cluster-1 had the least influence from environmental factors, indicating a dependency on phenotypic expression. Heritability values ranged moderately for various factors, suggesting that the genotypic ability of strains to transmit genes to their progenies is the most significant factor.
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Feng, Wanjun, Haoxue Wang, Yu Bai, et al. "Phenotypic, Physiological and Hormonal Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Timely Harvesting for Ensuring the Seed Vigor of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (2024): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081770.
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Seed vigor is a pivotal indicator of seed quality, and timely harvesting is essential for maize seed vigor. The seeds and embryos of maize inbred lines JNY6F and PH4CV at different maturity stages were selected as study materials, the phenotypic characteristics and seed vigor indexes of which were detected, and the soluble sugars, antioxidant enzyme activity, and pythormones [auxin (IAA), cytokinins (CTKs), gibberellins (GAs), and abscisic acid (ABA)] in fresh immature embryos were analyzed. The analysis results indicated that the seeds of JNY6F and PH4CV reached physiological maturity at 35 and 50 days after pollination, which were the optimal harvest times for JNY6F and PH4CV, respectively, as the embryonic morphology of which had been estabilished, and the seed vigor of which reached their peaks at these two stages. The seed vigor indexes showed significant negative correlations with the levels of soluble reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, and four pythormones in the immature embryos, but were highly positively correlated with catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activities. In summary, our findings offer valuable insights into the ideal harvest time and physiological mechanisms underlying the seed vigor of maize inbred lines, and contribute to the enhancement of seed quality and agricultural practices in maize inbred line production.
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Aliiev, Е. B. "The prospects of quantitative phenotyping of oilseed crops." Agrology 6, no. 3 (2023): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.32819/021109.
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Abstract. Plant phenotyping is a comprehensive evaluation of complex traits in plants, such as growth, development, resistance, architecture, physiology, ecology, yield, as well as the basic measurement of individual quantitative parameters that form the basis for more complex traits. This article provides an analysis of visualization methods applied in plant phenotyping and presents software for image processing. The analysis included the most significant global research in plant phenotyping. The directions of work on plant phenotyping were carried out by well-known geneticists, breeders, and engineers at the Institute of Oil Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. Based on the global experience and the results of research at the Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, we propose the following development of plant phenotyping in domestic agricultural science. Integrated approaches of well-known selection-process methodologies, from molecular to field, are necessary for the development of sustainable agriculture, ensuring high yields, and the use of limited resources. Despite significant progress in the molecular and genetic approaches in recent years, quantitative analysis and systematization of plant phenotypes (plant structures and functions) have become major challenges. Plant phenotyping is a science that combines genomics, ecophysiology, and plant agronomy using modern automated selection and systematization methods. The functional plant body (phenotype) is formed during plant growth and development through dynamic interactions between genotype and the surrounding environment in which plants grow. These interactions determine the practical result of crop cultivation in terms of quantity and quality of production. This includes crop yield and its quality: oil content, seed size, shape, and seed density, among other factors. Systematizing oilseed crops based on a complex of phenotypic characteristics, taking into account gene penetrance and trait inheritance, will reduce the time and effort required for decision-making. Mechanotronic systems for material separation, selection, and classification using neural networks will significantly reduce costs. Therefore, one of the solutions to this problem is the development of a methodology for systematic genotyping of sunflower based on phenotypic expression using neural networks
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Na, Yi, Lingshan Wang, Yehua Si, Xingrui Shi, and Baolong Wang. "Analysis of Phenotypic and Tensile Mechanical Properties of Seed Rope and Its Impact on Plant Root Growth." Agriculture 15, no. 5 (2025): 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15050486.
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Seed rope direct-seeding is an advanced precision sowing technique that involves encapsulating seeds within rope materials, adhering to specific spacing and quantity, and then deploying these ropes in the field as an alternative to conventional direct-seeding. This method offers the dual benefits of minimal sprout damage and precise control over row-to-seed spacing. The mechanical properties of the seed rope material and the integrity of the wrapped seeds are critical factors that influence the growth and development of the plants’ root system, which in turn is a key determinant for the optimization of the seed rope automatic seeder. This paper employed uniaxial tensile testing to investigate the mechanical properties and tensile failure characteristics of seed ropes across various materials, seed wrapping techniques, and seed soaking methods. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was utilized to scrutinize the microstructural features of the tensile fracture surfaces of the seed ropes. The results showed that the tensile strength of paper-based seed ropes ranged from 1.80 to 2.89 N/mm, with elongation at the break between 31.4% and 47.5%, and a critical stress range of 5.67 to 9.06 N. In contrast, non-woven fabric ropes exhibited a tensile strength range of 0.91 to 1.23 N/mm2, an elongation at break range of 160.3 to 284.2%, and a critical stress range of 2.86 to 3.86 N. Electron microscope scanning imagery analysis indicated that the broken fibers were disordered, and the fibers of the soaked ropes showed minor surface damage, which is attributed to the decline in tensile strength observed in soaked ropes. Regarding the phenotypic study of root growth and development, the root growth and development phenotypes of two types of rope materials across four different vegetable varieties were explored; the results indicated that the influence of the seed rope material on the root system was pronounced in the early stages of growth and development. As plants progressed to the middle stage of growth, the trend in root length mirrored that of the early stage, with the seed rope material continuing to significantly impact root system development. In the late stage of growth, the effect of the seed rope material on root growth gradually diminished as the seed rope material decomposed. Interestingly, the root length under non-woven fabric wrapping not only caught up to, but in some instances, surpassed the root length of unwrapped seeds. This research provides valuable theoretical insights and data to support the optimization of the parameters for the automatic seed rope direct-seeder.
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Kamble, B. G., S. B. Sarode, M. B. Akhare, M. D. Patil, and U. G. Gadkar. "Studies on the genotypic co-efficient of variation and phenotypic co-efficient of variation in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) germplasm for yield-attributing characters." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 20, no. 1 (2024): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/20.1/191-195.
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The magnitude of the genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic co-efficientof variation (PCV) in chickpea germplasm was observed high for characters like seed yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant and number of primary branches per plant. The characteristics viz., seed yield per plant showed high GCV and PCV, moderate heritability and high genetic advance as a per cent of the mean. The characters viz. number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index, number of secondary branches per plant and plant height recorded a highly positive significant correlation with seed yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. This indicates the simultaneous improvement of these characters through the selection of chickpeas.
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Vidak, Monika, Boris Lazarević, Tomislav Javornik, Zlatko Šatović, and Klaudija Carović-Stanko. "Seed Water Absorption, Germination, Emergence and Seedling Phenotypic Characterization of the Common Bean Landraces Differing in Seed Size and Color." Seeds 1, no. 4 (2022): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040027.
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widespread legume in Croatia and its production is based on landraces of great morphological diversity. Landraces morphologically differ the most in the seed coat color and size. Because plant emergence and crop establishment represent the most sensitive stage in crop development, the aim of this study was to determine whether the seed coat color and seed size of Croatian common bean landraces affect the water absorption rate, seed germination, emergence and phenotypic characteristics of the seedlings. In this study seeds of four common bean landraces with different seed color and size, ‘Biser’ (white-colored, small-seeded), ‘Bijeli’ (white-colored, large-seeded), ‘Kornjača’ (dark-colored, small-seeded) and ‘Trešnjevac’ (dark-colored, large-seeded) were evaluated in three different experiments: (i) water uptake, (ii) seed germination and (iii) emergence and seedling phenotypic characterization. The results show that white-colored seeds have a higher absorption rate and release more electrolytes compared to dark-colored seeds of similar size (and weight). The germination results show that white-colored and smaller seeds germinate faster compared to dark-colored and large seeds. On the other hand, the white-colored landrace ‘Bijeli’ took the longest time to emerge, probably due to cell damage that occurred during the fast initial water absorption. Using multispectral imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and stomatal conductance analysis, the seedlings of the dark-colored and large-seeded landraces were found to contain more photosynthetic pigments and have higher light absorption. In contrast, seedlings of white-colored and large seeds have lower stomatal conductance and transpiration and higher photochemical efficiency (despite possible cell damage during water absorption and germination). Results suggest that dark-colored seeds could survive better under unfavorable soil conditions without absorbing water, swelling, emergence or molding than white-colored seeds. Despite all this, white-colored common bean landraces remain popular in human diets and are often grown on small-scale farms.
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Deviona, Deviona, Dewi Indriyani Roslim, Delita Zul, Suhartina Suhartina, and Artica Ria Syafitri. "Keragaman Genetik dan Heritabilitas Berbagai Karakter Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril)." Agrosains : Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 26, no. 1 (2024): 38. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v26i1.80386.
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<p><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and heritability values of the morphological characters of several genotypes of soybean plants. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of fourteen genotypes and three replications. The observed parameters were flowering age, harvesting age, plant height, number of nodes, crown width, stem diameter, number of fruitful pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, total number of seeds per plant, number of fruitful seeds per plant, number of seeds per pods, 100 seed weight, and seed weight per plant. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using SAS version 9.0, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the characters were flowering age, harvesting age, plant height, number of nodes, stem diameter, total number of pods per plant, number of seed pods per plant, total number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight seed per plant, has a wide genetic diversity. Crown width characteristics have narrow genetic diversity. All characters showed wide phenotypic diversity. The heritability results showed that the characteristics were flowering age, harvesting age, plant height, number of nodes, crown width, stem diameter, total number of pods per plant, number of seed pods per plant, total number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant, and number of seeds per plant. Pods and seed weight per plant were classified as having a high heritability. The characteristics of flowering age, harvesting age, plant height, number of nodes, stem diameter, total number of pods per plant, number of fruitful pods per plant, total number of seeds per plant, number of fruitful seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, and seed weight per plant can be used as selection criteria because they have a wide genetic diversity and high heritability value.</em><em></em></p>
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Senaweera, Y. T., and B. D. Rohitha Prasantha. "Structural and Elemental Analysis of <em>Waraka</em> and <em>Wala</em> Jackfruit Seed Flour Samples by SEM-EDX Method." Tropical Agricultural Research 35, no. 2 (2024): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v35i2.8747.
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Diversification of jackfruit seed flour depends on its phenotypic and organoleptic characteristics. Seed flour is of good source of starch, dietary fiber, and minerals. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (SEM-EDX) provides a quick non-destructive determination of the elemental composition of the sample readily identifying some elements present in the biological materials. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the structural morphological characteristics and mineral elements present in the seed flour samples of two Jackfruit varieties, waraka and wala. Jackfruit seeds flour samples of waraka and wala were prepared by using de-coted dried seeds. The SEM-EDX method was used to identify the element profile within the ultra-structure. SEM observation of the two jackfruit seed samples showed different structure morphology. Bell-shape starch granules were observed in waraka seed flour. Spherical shape starch granules were observed in wala seed flour. The mean starch granule size of the waraka and wala seed flour were 8.00±0.78 μm and 8.93±0.13 μm, respectively. Wala flour showed comparatively higher macro-element content than waraka flour. The macro elements present in wala were 47% oxygen, 41% carbon, 8% nitrogen, 2% sodium and 0.7% potassium. Waraka seed flour contained 53% of oxygen, 41% of carbon, and 0.5% of potassium. Study confirmed that structural morphology and element composition of seed flour are different between two jackfruit varieties, waraka and wala.
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Liu, Wenting, Tianle Wang, Shuang Zhang, Lijun Ding, and Zhijun Wei. "Grazing influences Stipa breviflora seed germination in desert grasslands of the Inner Mongolia Plateau." PeerJ 6 (March 1, 2018): e4447. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4447.
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Seed germination plays an important role in determining the composition and regeneration of plant populations (Stipa breviflora). However, the influencing factors and strategies employed for seed germination in desert grasslands under grazing remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, the reproductive allocation, seed density, seed properties, and corresponding seed germination rates of S. breviflora were examined. Possible situations encountered during dispersal were also simulated to determine their effects on seed germination. The results showed that reproductive individual density not subjected to grazing were significantly higher than those subjected to moderate and heavy grazing. For seed density and seed bank in soil, the highest values were observed for the no grazing treatment, followed by the moderate and heavy grazing treatments. The seed density for germination of soil seed banks was nearly one-fourth of seed density during the growing season. In addition, grazing treatments affected the phenotypic characteristics of seeds and reduced the lower limit of the weight of germinable seeds. Awn removal significantly increased germination. The longest germination time was observed for seeds that entered the soil at an angle of 0°. Our research demonstrated that grazing negatively affected the desert grassland edificator. Individual plants adopted different adaptation strategies under different grazing intensities; for example, a fixed proportion of the seed number and seed germination number of S. breviflora in the soil seed bank was maintained by exceeding the minimum weight of a seed for seed germination. During seed dispersion, the awn effectively prevented germination under unfavourable conditions and helped seeds enter the soil at an optimal angle for promoting germination.
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BOKO-HAYA, Yves Yatindo, Christine A. I. N. OUINSAVI, Yanick Y. AKIN, and Clément AGBANGLA. "Influence of geographic provenance on phenotypic variation in seed and kernel traits of the African oil tree from southern Benin and implications for species breeding." Nova Geodesia 2, no. 4 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/ng2476.
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Knowledge of oilseeds plants’ traits and features is fundamental to understanding the natural selection process and improving conservation programs through species selection. As a forest oilseed, Ricinodendron heudelotii is the object of growing interest among value chain actors, who are increasingly interested in its intrinsic characteristics. To date, there is a lack of information on plant morphological traits for the selection of the best genotype, especially as far as seed and kernel traits are concerned. The aim of this study was to make a typology and establish the relationship between seed and kernel traits of Ricinodendron heudelotii, depending on provenances represented by wild populations of trees in southern Benin. We sampled the provenances constituted equally and per tree, ten random samples each of fruits, seeds, kernels, and shells were collected for measurement. Hierarchical classification, common component analysis, Pearson’s, and Chi-square association tests were performed for statistical analysis. Substantial variation between seed and kernel traits was observed between and within provenances. High coefficients of variation for the quantitative descriptors (length, width, and mass) of seeds and kernels appear to be the essential traits that discriminate the plant into two morphotypes. Furthermore, seed and kernel characteristics show a significant positive correlation with these discrimination criteria. The upper morphotype contains accessions from three provenances with huge seeds and kernels but few seeds per fruit, while the lower morphotype includes the other provenances with tiny seeds and kernels. The results of the study provided essential information that could be an avenue for improvement with further biochemical and molecular characterization studies.
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MAVİ, Kazım, Kazim GÜNDÜZ, Dilek YILDIRIM, and Fulya UZUNOĞLU. "Seed Characteristics Diversity in Sponge Gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.) Germplasms from Hatay Region in Turkey." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 75, no. 1 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasmvcn-hort:000118.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate seed characteristics of sponge gourd, to establish a core collection of sponge gourd with the germplasm collected throughout the Hatay region. A mini-core collection was assessed for morphological performance and some seed traits. Substantial variations of seed characteristics: seed length, seed width, seed thickness (mm), seed index (length/width), seed size (length × width, mm2), seed colour, seed-coat surface, seed shape, seed wing, and 100-seed weight were investigated. Seed length, width and thickness were varied as 15.12-8.97 mm, 9.71-6.25 mm and 2.86-2.16 mm respectively. The seed sizes were determined from small (31 DÖ 06) to big (31 DE 04). Seed colours were ranged from black to white, even a brown colour like 07 MA 01. A hundred seed weights were observed as 16.43 g (31 AL 02) and 7.41 (31 DÖ 06). The results of dendrogram indicated that seed traits of the sponge gourd genotypes were separating in five groups. This collection of sponge gourds will be useful for the gene pools and a wide range of phenotypic variations to provide a good source of diversity for developing of sponge gourd cultivars in breeding programs.
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Jiannong Zhang and Guifen Zhang. "GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF EDIBLE SEED WATERMELONS ON PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS AND RAPD ANALYSIS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 871 (August 2010): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.871.8.
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JAMIL, S., M. ILYAS, M. Z. KHAN, et al. "HERITABILITY, GENETIC GAIN, AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSES IN BLACK GRAM AT POONCH RAWALAKOT, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 3 (2022): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.3.7.
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Black gram (Vigna mungo) is a principal pulse crop worldwide. The research aimed to screen the genetic diversity among 10 black gram genotypes using biometrical tools, such as, genotypic and phenotypic correlation, path coefficient analysis, and heritability and genetic gain. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variability resulted from pods per plant, plant height, primary branches, and seeds per pod. The study recorded very low estimated heritability for all the studied traits. The correlation coefficient indicated that seed yield per plant showed a positive and significant correlation with pods per plant and pod length, indicating that further use of these characteristics can improve the black gram yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed a positive and direct effect on seed yield per plant with plant height, days to 50% flowering, primary branches, branch length, pod per plant, and seeds per pod. These traits proved relevant for the direct selection criteria and future breeding programs. The investigation results can be very helpful in selecting the black gram's suitable genotypes with appropriate yield for cultivation in rainfed conditions of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.