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Journal articles on the topic 'Seed survival'
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1
ROBERTS, E. H., and R. H. ELLIS. "Water and Seed Survival." Annals of Botany 63, no. 1 (January 1989): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087727.
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D. B. Churchill, S. C. Alderman, G. W. Mueller-Warrant, L. F. Elliott, and D. M. Bilsland. "Survival of Weed Seeds and Seed Pathogen Propagates in Composted Grass Seed Straw." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 12, no. 1 (1995): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25439.
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Tang, Shande, Dennis M. TeKrony, Dennis B. Egli, Paul L. Cornelius, and Marcy Rucker. "Survival Characteristics of Corn Seed during Storage: I. Normal Distribution of Seed Survival." Crop Science 39, no. 5 (September 1999): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3951394x.
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Gruber, S., Weber EA, and W. Claupein. "Which soils are comfortable for oilseed rape seeds (Brassica napus) to survive?" Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 6 (June 2, 2014): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/155/2014-pse.
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The study should reveal the effects of soil texture and of seed characteristics of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) on seed survival in the soil by a burial experiment. Seeds of 58 conventional and new trait accessions (genetically modified and/or with altered seed ingredients) were buried for six months in sandy loam (SL), clay (c) or silty clay loam (SICL) in the seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 in Germany. Between 84–93% (2008/2009) and 64–87% (2009/2010) of the conventional seeds survived in the soil, and so did 41–67% and 8–44% of the new trait seeds. Significantly more seeds were found in C and SICL compared to SL. Seed survival also significantly depended on the genotype, with high and low seed survival in both conventional and new trait accessions. Seed survival rates are probably linked with moisture and oxygen provided by different soils. As soils with good water storage conditions seem to have a higher probability for oilseed rape seeds from harvest losses to survive, other measures such as growing low dormancy varieties and proper soil tillage are especially relevant to avoid volunteers on these soils.
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Hill, N. "Endophyte survival during seed storage." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3143.
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SPARROW, S. D., C. W. KNIGHT, and J. S. CONN. "CANOLA SEED SURVIVAL OVER WINTER IN THE FIELD IN ALASKA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-097.
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Factors affecting seed survival of spring canola (Brassica campestris L. ’Tobin’), over two winters in the field at Delta Junction, Alaska were studied. In October, seeds were placed in polypropylene mesh envelopes and buried. The packets were exhumed the next spring and seed viability was determined. Factors studied included seed age, seed treatment, protection by snow-fence enclosures, burial depth, and spring retrieval date. During the first winter, survival of seeds near the soil surface until March was 65%, but many died during spring. During the second winter, seed viability in March was much lower than it had been in the previous March, but no significant mortality occurred during spring. Freshly harvested seeds generally survived better than seeds which had been stored for 1 yr. Seeds buried well below the soil surface and seeds placed inside snow-fence enclosures survived better than seeds placed near the soil surface outside enclosures. Results indicate that factors such as seed storage and protection from extreme temperatures and temperature fluctuations during late winter and early spring are important determinants of canola seed survival over winter. These factors could help explain why large populations of volunteer canola arise from seeds which have fallen from mature pods, whereas harvested, stored seeds planted during fall or early spring often produce poor stands in Alaska.Key words: Seed survival, seed mortality, seed germination, seed dormancy, seed overwintering, volunteer canola
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Tsuyuzaki, Shiro. "Seed survival for three decades under thick tephra." Seed Science Research 20, no. 3 (May 19, 2010): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258510000139.
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AbstractSeed longevity in situ is a prerequisite for understanding the life histories and community dynamics of species, although long-term longevity under thick tephra has not been documented because of a lack of opportunity and/or awareness. The seed bank for this study was estimated by both germination and flotation tests. Seeds of 17 species have survived with high density, having been buried under thick tephra for 30 years, since the 1977–1978 eruptions on Mount Usu, Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. The total seed density was >1000/m2. Rumex obtusifolius was the most common seed-bank species for 30 years, but decreased in density between 20 and 30 years. More seeds of Hypericum erectum occurred in deeper soil. The total seed density decreased gradually for 30 years, but H. erectum and Juncus effusus did not decline. Native seeds tended to be viable longer than exotic seeds. These results suggest that small, native seeds tend to survive longer with deep burial, while the more numerous weedy, exotic seeds located at the soil surface declined faster. The seed bank provides long-term monitoring of seed survival under natural conditions, and could be used to detect genetic changes.
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Tsuyuzaki, Shiro. "Survival characteristics of buried seeds 10 years after the eruption of the Usu volcano in northen Japan." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-282.
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In the crater basin of the Usu volcano, where the vegetation has almost completely been destroyed by 1977–1978 eruptions, a study was conducted in 1987 to determine the survival characteristics of buried seed populations. A total of 17 618 seeds were extracted from six 25-L former topsoil blocks by a flotation test. Data showed that even after 10 years burial by 65–140 cm volcanic deposists, 16.6% of the seeds, representing 25 species, were viable. There were few predators in the former topsoil below the thick volcanic deposits. Seed volume of most species was less than 2.0 mm3 and smaller seeds had a greater rate of survival than larger seeds. Seed survival rates of Poa annua, Rumex obtusifolius, Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis, and Viola grypoceras were positively correlated with the thickness of volcanic deposits, suggesting that the most important factor for seed survival is stable soil temperature with little diurnal fluctuations. Absence of light may be an important variable in seed survival, but this factor did not sufficiently explain survival under the thick volcanic deposits. Key words: buried seed, burial depth, seed size, seed survival, soil temperature, volcano Usu.
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O'Farrill, Georgina, Colin A. Chapman, and Andrew Gonzalez. "Origin and deposition sites influence seed germination and seedling survival of Manilkara zapota: implications for long-distance, animal-mediated seed dispersal." Seed Science Research 21, no. 4 (August 5, 2011): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258511000201.
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AbstractThe distribution and dynamics of plant populations depend on the recruitment of young individuals, which is influenced by seed production, animal seed dispersal, dispersal distance, and the deposition of seeds in favourable places for seed germination/establishment and seedling survival. In particular, seeds dispersed over long distances will likely encounter new environmental conditions that occur at large spatial scales, with seed and seedling survival influenced by the adaptation of plant populations to soil and climate conditions. In this paper, it is hypothesized that seed germination and seedling survival probabilities depend on seed origin and deposition sites. A reciprocal seed and seedling transplant experiment was carried out with zapote seeds (Manilkara zapota) to determine the effect of origin and deposition sites on seed germination and seedling survival over a year in the Greater Calakmul Region of Mexico. Two origin and two deposition sites were selected that show different soil moisture levels within the habitat of the Baird's tapir, a major seed disperser of M. zapota seeds. The results show that sites of origin and deposition influenced seed germination and seedling survival probabilities. This suggests that the displacement of seeds far from parent trees, while potentially reducing intraspecific competition, does not ensure their survival, and that seeds need to be deposited in microsites within their environmental tolerance for dispersal to be successful. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance of field experiments to provide strong inference about the effects of environmental conditions on recruitment and distribution of plant species.
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Merritt, D. J., D. H. Touchell, K. W. Dixon, J. A. Plummer, and D. W. Turner. "Moisture content influences survival of cryostored seed of Banksia ashbyi (Proteaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 5 (2000): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99033.
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Seed survival of cryostorage (–196˚C) was examined for Banksia ashbyi (E.G.Baker), a tree species endemic to Western Australia. Seeds were cryostored over a moisture content range of 3–30%. Moisture contents of 18–20% significantly depressed survival for seed of all ages tested (1 month to 13 years old). Cryostorage at seed moisture contents below 18% did not affect seed germination or vigour (radicle growth). Seed age influenced survival with freshly harvested seeds showing a greater tolerance to cryostorage at high moisture contents than older seeds. Exotherms, indicating ice formation within seed tissues, were detected by thermal analysis at seed moisture contents above the critical. However, there was no increase in electrolyte efflux from seeds frozen at lethal moisture contents, suggesting the plasma membrane of cells remained intact. This study shows that seed storage physiology of a Western Australian species is similar to that of other orthodox species and that cryostorage may be successfully applied for conservation of native species without detrimental effects on germination and growth.
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SHEPHERD, VIRGINIA E., and COLIN A. CHAPMAN. "Dung beetles as secondary seed dispersers: impact on seed predation and germination." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 2 (March 1998): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000169.
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Dispersal of seeds away from the parent plant may facilitate escape from density-dependent seed mortality. However, many post-dispersal events can have a profound influence on the survival of dispersed seeds. By incorporating seeds in the dung that dung beetles process for consumption and oviposition, dung beetles could enhance seed survival if they remove seeds from areas of high predation risk and place them in locations that avoid subsequent predation and that are suitable for germination. The role of dung beetles in seed survival was investigated over 15 mo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Depths of seeds buried by beetles, levels of predation on buried and unburied seeds, and germination success of seeds buried to different depths were examined. Results suggest that by burying seeds dung beetles increase the probability that seeds will escape predation and germinate. Of seeds placed in dungpiles, 69% remained at the surface, while 25% were buried from 1–3 cm in depth. Larger seeds were buried more shallowly than smaller seeds. Buried seeds were less likely to be removed by predators than seeds at the surface. Germination of seeds buried at 1- and 3-cm depths was significantly higher than seeds buried at 10 cm. For the species tested, many seeds were buried by dung beetles between 1 and 3 cm and at this depth there was a high probability of escaping predators and germinating. This demonstrates the potential ecological importance of dung beetles in facilitating seed survival and provides data to consider the role of dung beetles in the evolution of seed attributes.
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Vivian-Smith, Gabrielle, and F. Dane Panetta. "Lantana (Lantana camara) Seed Bank Dynamics: Seedling Emergence and Seed Survival." Invasive Plant Science and Management 2, no. 2 (April 2009): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-08-130.1.
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AbstractSeed persistence is poorly quantified for invasive plants of subtropical and tropical environments and Lantana camara, one of the world's worst weeds, is no exception. We investigated germination, seedling emergence, and seed survival of two lantana biotypes (Pink and pink-edged red [PER]) in southeastern Queensland, Australia. Controlled experiments were undertaken in 2002 and repeated in 2004, with treatments comprising two differing environmental regimes (irrigated and natural rainfall) and sowing depths (0 and 2 cm). Seed survival and seedling emergence were significantly affected by all factors (time, biotype, environment, sowing depth, and cohort) (P < 0.001). Seed dormancy varied with treatment (environment, sowing depth, biotype, and cohort) (P < 0.001), but declined rapidly after 6 mo. Significant differential responses by the two biotypes to sowing depth and environment were detected for both seed survival and seedling emergence (P < 0.001). Seed mass was consistently lower in the PER biotype at the population level (P < 0.001), but this variation did not adequately explain the differential responses. Moreover, under natural rainfall the magnitude of the biotype effect was unlikely to result in ecologically significant differences. Seed survival after 36 mo under natural rainfall ranged from 6.8 to 21.3%. Best fit regression analysis of the decline in seed survival over time yielded a five-parameter exponential decay model with a lower asymptote approaching −0.38 (% seed survival = [(55 − (−0.38)) · e (k · t)] + −0.38; R2 = 88.5%; 9 df). Environmental conditions and burial affected the slope parameter or k value significantly (P < 0.01). Seed survival projections from the model were greatest for buried seeds under natural rainfall (11 yr) and least under irrigation (3 yr). Experimental data and model projections suggest that lantana has a persistent seed bank and this should be considered in management programs, particularly those aimed at eradication.
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Hume, D. E., M. P. Rolston, D. B. Baird, W. J. Archie, and M. R. Marsh. "Survival of endophyte-infected ryegrass seed buried in soil." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 7 (January 1, 1999): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.7.1999.3391.
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Emergence of volunteer perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from seed buried in soil may contribute to the ingress of ryegrass in newly sown pastures. To investigate this, ryegrass seed infected with fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) was buried in nylon bags under pasture at two depths and at two sites (Palmerston North, Lincoln) in early/mid-autumn 1998. Seed bags were removed from the soil at intervals over the course of one year to determine seed viability and presence of endophyte in seedlings. Viability of seed declined rapidly to be 10% 3 months after burial. Further decline in viability was less, so that 12 months after burial 4% of seeds were still viable. Endophyte viability also declined, from 58% infection of seedlings at the time of burial to 21% at 12 months. This was at a slower rate than the decline in seed viability and from what might have been predicted from seed storage experiments. Viability of seed buried at 10 cm was greater than that buried at 3 cm (e.g., means, 10% and 1% after 6 months, respectively). This has implications for cultivation practices before pasture establishment. Seed buried at Lincoln maintained higher viability than seed buried at Palmerston North (e.g., means, 6% and 4% after 6 months, respectively), which was associated with drier soil conditions at Lincoln. Survival of buried seed may therefore be of greater importance in summer-dry east coast regions, compared with moist west coast environments or in wet years. The significance of buried ryegrass seed will depend on the numbers involved, but after 12 months there were still viable seeds left in the soil and some of these were infected with endophyte. This is important for pastures sown with ryegrass that is free of endophyte or infected with a selected endophyte, and for slower establishing grass species such as tall fescue. Keywords: endophyte, endophyte survival, Lolium perenne, Neotyphodium lolii, perennial ryegrass, seed burial, seed survival
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Cheam, AH. "Emergence and survival of buried doublegee (Emex australis Steinh.) seeds." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 1 (1987): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870101.
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The emergence and survival of seed of doublegee (Emex australis Steinh.) buried at various depths were studied over 4 years at 3 climatically contrasting sites in Western Australia. We concluded that there is an optimal burial depth for seedling emergence and seed survival. Seeds placed at 1 cm gave maximum emergence but no seedling emerged from seeds placed at 15 cm or deeper. Emergence occurred mainly during the first autumn from seed less than 1 year old. Over the following 3 years, emergence declined progressively. The waves of emergence reflected the seasonal rainfall pattern, although emergence did not occur after every rainfall. There was no direct relationship between emergence and loss of seed viability. At the coolest site with higher rainfall the retention of viable seeds increased with increasing depth in the soil, whereas at warmer sites with lower rainfall there was an inverse relationship between viability and burial depth. The viable seeds exhumed after 4 years of burial were in different states of dormancy but induced or innately dormant seeds predominated at the cooler higher rainfall site. These types of dormancies and the various environmental factors will determine the number of viable seeds germinating in any given season. It is shown that even when the influx of new seed was stopped for 4 consecutive years, it was still not possible to achieve complete reduction in numbers of doublegee seeds.
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Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, and James S. Clark. "The benefits of seed banking for red maple (Acer rubrum): maximizing seedling recruitment." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-017.
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Seed banking is assumed to be unimportant for temperate trees, because their seeds are short-lived in soils. However, even short-term seed banking could increase recruitment and affect population dynamics of seed-banking trees. To investigate this possibility, we examined early life-history stages of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), an abundant seed-banking tree in eastern forests. We found that seed banking benefits red maple by increasing germination when seedling survival is likely. Most red maple seeds germinate soon after spring dispersal, when seedling survival is high, or postpone germination to the following growing season, once seedling survival becomes less likely late in the summer. This occurs because seed dormancy increases during the growing season, matching a concurrent decrease in seedling survival. Our results and those of other studies suggest seed dormancy is increased by the same environmental factors (low light and low moisture) that also decrease seedling survival. We speculate that early life-history traits, including seed banking, may have contributed to this species' increased abundance in eastern deciduous forests in the last century.
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Fellows, Gary M., and Fred W. Roeth. "Factors Influencing Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Seed Survival." Weed Science 40, no. 3 (September 1992): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500051870.
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Shattercane seed survival during soil burial was highly dependent on attached glumes. Shattercane seed tightly enclosed by glumes averaged 5 and 53% germination after 4 mo of winter burial in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Shattercane caryopses (seed without glumes) survival averaged 0.5 and 17% compared to 17 and 41% when treated with seed fungicides in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Shattercane caryopses tannin and lignin contents were higher than for cultivated sorghum caryopses. Glume tannin was four times higher and glume lignin was five times higher than in the caryopsis. Shattercane seed survival was positively correlated with glume tightness, caryopsis lignin, and glume tannin. Tannin and lignin appear to function as barriers to microbial invasion resulting in higher shattercane seed resistance to overwinter demise. Attempts to isolate fungal inhibitors from shattercane seed were unsuccessful.
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Daibes, L. Felipe, Elizabeth Gorgone-Barbosa, Fernando A. O. Silveira, and Alessandra Fidelis. "Gaps critical for the survival of exposed seeds during Cerrado fires." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 2 (2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17098.
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The fine-scale effects of fire and the consequences for seed survival are poorly understood, especially in the Cerrado (Brazilian savannas). Thus, we investigated whether vegetation gaps (bare soil patches) influence the survival of exposed seeds during fire events in the Cerrado by serving as safe sites. We performed field fire experiments in Central Brazil to examine how gap size (% of bare soil) influences fire heat (fire temperatures and residence time) and seed survival (Experiment 1) and to determine how seed survival is affected by fixed conditions: gaps vs grass tussocks during fires (Experiment 2). We used seeds of two common Cerrado legumes, Mimosa leiocephala Benth. and Harpalyce brasiliana Benth. Seed survival was analysed using GLMMs with a binomial distribution. In Experiment 1, seeds survived (38 and 35% for M. leiocephala and H. brasiliana respectively) only when the gaps had >40% of bare soil. In Experiment 2, all seeds under grass tussocks died when exposed to fire, whereas up to 40% of seeds survived in vegetation gaps, relative to their respective controls. Because vegetation gaps influence fire heat, they are important as safe sites for seed survival in the Cerrado, allowing a significant proportion of seeds to survive when exposed at the soil surface.
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Huang, H. C., G. C. Kozub, and E. G. Kokko. "Survival of Verticillium albo-atrum in alfalfa seeds." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-137.
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Hard seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were artificially inoculated with Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold and assessed for survival of the pathogen under laboratory and field conditions. When infected seeds were stored air-dry, V. albo-atrum survival was low (less than 10% after 10 months) at above-freezing temperatures (20 and 30 °C) but high (more than 90% at 10 months) at subfreezing temperatures (−20 and −10 °C). Survival of the pathogen was also low (10% at 3 months) in seeds buried in soil at 20 °C but high (90% at 10 months) at −5 °C. More than 75% of the hard seeds remained viable after 18 months of air-dry storage at −20, −10, 4, 20, or 30 °C. The incidence of verticillium wilt in alfalfa plants due to seedborne V. albo-atrum decreased with seed storage period, averaging 40% after seed was stored for 1 month and zero when seed was stored for 12 or 18 months. In field experiments, survival of seedborne V. albo-atrum decreased with increasing period of burial but at different rates in each year. The percentage of seeds with viable V. albo-atrum was greater when the seeds were buried at 10 cm compared with 5 and 2 cm (48 vs. 39 and 38%, respectively). The complete loss of viability of V. albo-atrum in infected seeds stored at 30 °C for 6 months indicates that seed-borne V. albo-atrum could be eliminated by storing alfalfa seeds at 30 °C for 1 year. Key words: Verticillium wilt, Verticillium albo-atrum, Medicago sativa, alfalfa, survival, seedborne.
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León-Lobos, Pedro, and Richard H. Ellis. "Seed survival in Chilean Nothofagus in response to desiccation and storage." Seed Science Research 15, no. 2 (June 2005): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005204.
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Nothofagus alpina,N. obliqua,N. glauca,N. leonii,N. dombeyiandN. pumilioseeds exhibited consistent, albeit slight, sensitivity to extreme desiccation, but nevertheless maintained viability at low moisture contents and cool temperatures (–10° to –20°C) over 2 years.Nothofagus alpina,N. obliqua,N. glauca,N. leoniiandN. dombeyiconformed to the seed viability equation of Ellis and Roberts; sensitivity of longevity to temperature was quantitatively similar to that of crop seeds, sensitivity to moisture was somewhat less, and a low-moisture-content limit to the equation was detected at 4.8% moisture content in hermetic storage at 65 °C, and possibly similar moisture contents at 30–40°C. These five species show orthodox seed storage behaviour. Therefore,ex-situconservation of theseNothofagusspecies in seed banks is possible, but the quality of seed lots collected requires attention. Seed storage behaviour was not defined inN. pumilio: initial seed quality was poor and loss of viability was detected over 2 years at 0°, –10° and –20°C at 2.7% moisture content, but not at 5.2%. The results confirm that the economy of nature in seed storage physiology extends to forest tree seeds, but the repeated observation of reduced sensitivity of longevity to moisture in forest tree seeds requires further investigation.
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Strydom, Matthys, Ruan Veldtman, Mzabalazo Z. Ngwenya, and Karen J. Esler. "Seed survival of Australian Acacia in the Western Cape of South Africa in the presence of biological control agents and given environmental variation." PeerJ 7 (April 29, 2019): e6816. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6816.
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Studies of invasive Australian Acacia have shown that many seeds are still produced and accumulate in soil stored seed banks regardless of the presence of seed-targeting biological control agents. This is despite claims of biological control success, although there is generally a lack of data on the seed production of invasive Australian Acacia before and after the release of the respective agents. We aimed to quantify seed production and seed survival of invasive Australian Acacia currently under biological control. The seed production and survival (proportion of aborted, predated and surviving seeds) of A. longifolia, A. pycnantha and A. saligna were each studied at four to five sites in the Western Cape of South Africa. The relationships between seed production and stand characteristics were determined and the relative effects of seed predation and abortion on seed survival were established. The investigated invasive Australian Acacia produced many seeds that survived the pre-dispersal stage despite long-term presence of released biological control agents. It was shown that seed crop size is the only significant factor influencing seed survival of the studied Australian Acacia species. Furthermore, the seeds surviving per tree and per square meter were related to tree size. No quantitative evidence was found to suggest that seed-reducing biological control agents are having an impact on the population dynamics of their Australian Acacia hosts. This study illustrates the importance of studying the seed ecology of invasive plants before biological control agents are selected and released.
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Hernandez, Rebecca R., Karen E. Tanner, Sophia Haji, Ingrid M. Parker, Bruce M. Pavlik, and Kara A. Moore-O’Leary. "Simulated Photovoltaic Solar Panels Alter the Seed Bank Survival of Two Desert Annual Plant Species." Plants 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091125.
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Seed bank survival underpins plant population persistence but studies on seed bank trait-environment interactions are few. Changes in environmental conditions relevant to seed banks occur in desert ecosystems owing to solar energy development. We developed a conceptual model of seed bank survival to complement methodologies using in-situ seed bank packets. Using this framework, we quantified the seed bank survival of two closely related annual desert plant species, one rare (Eriophyllum mohavense) and one common (Eriophyllum wallacei), and the seed bank–environment interactions of these two species in the Mojave Desert within a system that emulates microhabitat variation associated with solar energy development. We tracked 4860 seeds buried across 540 seed packets and found, averaged across both species, that seed bank survival was 21% and 6% for the first and second growing seasons, respectively. After two growing seasons, the rare annual had a significantly greater seed bank survival (10%) than the common annual (2%). Seed bank survival across both species was significantly greater in shade (10%) microhabitats compared to runoff (5%) and control microhabitats (3%). Our study proffers insight into this early life-stage across rare and common congeners and their environmental interactions using a novel conceptual framework for seed bank survival.
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Tang, Shande, Dennis M. TeKrony, Dennis B. Egli, and Paul L. Cornelius. "Survival Characteristics of Corn Seed during Storage: II. Rate of Seed Deterioration." Crop Science 39, no. 5 (September 1999): 1400–1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3951400x.
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Kremer, Robert J., and Neal R. Spencer. "Interaction of Insects, Fungi, and Burial on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seed Viability." Weed Technology 3, no. 2 (June 1989): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031882.
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A scentless plant bug feeds on velvetleaf seeds. Fungi, dominated by the generaFusariumandAlternaria, were isolated from insect-attacked seeds at levels related to insect density on the plants. The combined effects of insect feeding and fungal infection decreased seed germination. Burial of insect-attacked seeds in soil for 24 months reduced seed survival and increasedFusariuminfection. Decreases in velvetleaf seed viability and survival in soil caused by a seed-feeding insect and associated seed fungi suggests that subsequent infestations by velvetleaf can be decreased through integrated use of the two biological control agents.
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Rajjou, Loïc, and Isabelle Debeaujon. "Seed longevity: Survival and maintenance of high germination ability of dry seeds." Comptes Rendus Biologies 331, no. 10 (October 2008): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.021.
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BAKKE, IVONETE ALVES, JOSÉ EVANALDO RANGEL DA SILVA, OLAF ANDREAS BAKKE, and ANTONIO LUCINEUDO DE OLIVEIRA FREIRE. "SEED DISPERSAL, SEEDBANK, SEEDLING SURVIVAL, AND INITIAL GROWTH OF THREE CAATINGA TREES." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 4 (October 2020): 1007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n416rc.
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ABSTRACT Myracrodruon urundeuva, Handroanthus impetiginosus and Amburana cearensis are Caatinga tree species that produce valuable timber, but little is known about their ecology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seed distribution of these species on the forest floor before and after seed dispersal; and seedling emergence, survival, and growth during the rainy season after dispersal of seeds. There were no remaining viable seeds of these species in the seedbank before seed dispersal. The average numbers of seeds after seed dispersal were 188 seed m-2 in a 30 m radius around M. urundeuva, 9 seed m-2 in a 10 m radius around H. impetiginosus, and 5 seed m-2 in a 20 m radius around A. cearensis. The distance of seed dispersal reached 30, 20, and 10 m for M. urundeuva, H. impetiginosus, and A. cearensis trees, respectively, due to differences in tree height, seed weight, forest density, and wind intensity. Seedling emergence was observed during 4 (M. urundeuva) and 9 (H. impetiginosus and A. cearensis) weeks. High mortality predominated at the beginning and end of the rainy season for M. urundeuva and A. cearensis, respectively, while practically all H. impetiginosus seedlings survived. M. urundeuva showed the highest mortality but had higher number of established seedlings than the other species. Seedling survival peaked around 5 m from the tree base. Seedling recruitment and natural regeneration of these trees are assured in the Caatinga site evaluated.
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Velho, Nandini, Aparajita Datta, and Kavita Isvaran. "Effect of rodents on seed fate of five hornbill-dispersed tree species in a tropical forest in north-east India." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 5 (September 2009): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990083.
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Abstract:Hornbills are important dispersers of a wide range of tree species. Many of these species bear fruits with large, lipid-rich seeds that could attract terrestrial rodents. Rodents have multiple effects on seed fates, many of which remain poorly understood in the Palaeotropics. The role of terrestrial rodents was investigated by tracking seed fate of five hornbill-dispersed tree species in a tropical forest in north-east India. Seeds were marked inside and outside of exclosures below 6–12 parent fruiting trees (undispersed seed rain) and six hornbill nest trees (a post-dispersal site). Rodent visitors and seed removal were monitored using camera traps. Our findings suggest that several rodent species, especially two species of porcupine were major on-site seed predators. Scatter-hoarding was rare (1.4%). Seeds at hornbill nest trees had lower survival compared with parent fruiting trees, indicating that clumped dispersal by hornbills may not necessarily improve seed survival. Seed survival in the presence and absence of rodents varied with tree species. Some species (e.g. Polyalthia simiarum) showed no difference, others (e.g. Dysoxylum binectariferum) experienced up to a 64% decrease in survival in the presence of rodents. The differing magnitude of seed predation by rodents can have significant consequences at the seed establishment stage.
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Daws, Matthew I., Jennifer Davies, Elly Vaes, Roelof van Gelder, and Hugh W. Pritchard. "Two-hundred-year seed survival of Leucospermum and two other woody species from the Cape Floristic region, South Africa." Seed Science Research 17, no. 2 (June 2007): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258507707638.
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AbstractThe ability of orthodox seeds to survive long-term dry storage is a key prerequisite for ex situ seed conservation in genebanks. However, only a few credible observations of seed survival for ≥ 200 years have been reported. In this paper, seed survival is shown for three species under suboptimal storage conditions for a documented time of ≥ 203 years and carbon dated at 218–270 years. Two species that germinated are in the Fabaceae (Liparia sp. and Acacia sp.). A water-impermeable seed coat, and hence an inability to equilibrate with ambient relative humidity, may contribute to long-term survival of these species. The third species that germinated (Leucospermum sp.) does not have a water-impermeable seed coat, and long-term survival may be linked to an oxygen-impermeable barrier in the seed. These results for species from the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, suggest adaptation for extreme longevity in seeds of species of seasonally dry, Mediterranean environments.
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Bekker, R. M., M. J. M. Oomes, and J. P. Bakker. "The impact of groundwater level on soil seed bank survival." Seed Science Research 8, no. 3 (September 1998): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500004323.
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AbstractSeed longevity of plant species is an important topic in restoration management, and little is known about the effects of environmental conditions on seed survival and longevity under natural conditions. Therefore, the effect of groundwater level on the survival of seeds in the soil seed bank of a natural grassland community was investigated. Large soil cores, mesocosms, were sampled from a grassland site and transferred to two basins under a glass roof. The mesocosms were subjected to different groundwater-level treatments (high and low, respectively 5 and 30 cm below the soil surface) for nearly three years. After that period the soil seed bank of the mesocosms was sampled. In total 15 789 seeds of 38 taxa emerged from the experiment. Significant differences between the number of viable seeds that emerged in the two treatments were found for several species. More seeds ofGlyceria fluitans, Cardamine pratensisandMyosotis palustrisgerminated in the high water-level treatment, whereas fewer seeds ofJuncusspp.,Cerastium fontanumandStellaria mediawere found in this treatment than in the low water-level treatment. The experiment showed that the anoxic conditions prevailing in the high water-level treatment were beneficial to the survival of seeds of species of wet grassland communities. Species of dry grasslands, although represented by only two species, survived better under aerobic conditions.
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Oka, Chihiro, Tomoyuki Itagaki, and Satoki Sakai. "Effects of the number of embryos in a seed and seed mass on seedling survival and growth in polyembryonic Ophiopogon japonicus var. umbrosus (Asparagaceae)." Botany 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0214.
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Research on polyembryony suggests that the presence of multiple embryos in a seed confers an advantage for seedling survival. Because observations from embryo to seedling stages are lacking, however, the effect of the exact number of embryos on seedling survival is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of seed embryo number on seedling survival and growth to determine the number of embryos in a seed that are advantageous for seedling survival in Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. var. umbrosus Maxim., which is a taxon exhibiting cleavage polyembryony. We also investigated whether seed mass affects seed embryo number and seedling survival and growth. We found that the number of embryos in seeds of O. japonicus var. umbrosus was weakly dependent on seed mass. As the number of embryos increased, the number of seedlings surviving from seeds initially increased and then decreased; the greatest number of seedlings was produced from an intermediate number of embryos, with the number of embryos producing the greatest number of seedlings increasing with seed mass. The sum of individual seedling lengths increased with the number of seedlings. Our results indicate that an intermediate number of embryos may be advantageous in polyembryonic O. japonicus var. umbrosus.
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Fragoso, José M. V., Kirsten M. Silvius, and José A. Correa. "LONG-DISTANCE SEED DISPERSAL BY TAPIRS INCREASES SEED SURVIVAL AND AGGREGATES TROPICAL TREES." Ecology 84, no. 8 (August 2003): 1998–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/01-0621.
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XIAO, Zhishu, and Xiaoqun HUANG. "How seed defense and seed abundance predict dispersal and survival patterns in Camellia." Integrative Zoology 15, no. 2 (March 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12408.
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Brewer, Steven W., and Molly A. H. Webb. "Ignorant seed predators and factors affecting the seed survival of a tropical palm." Oikos 93, no. 1 (April 2001): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.930103.x.
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Mamood, Amed N., and Dennis T. Ray. "EFFECT OF CONTAINER SIZE ON THE GROWTH AND TRANSPLANT SURVIVAL OF GUAYALE SEEDLINGS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 671a—671. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.671a.
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Studies were conducted to evaluate container size and pretreatment on transplant survival and growth of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray). Seeds of cv. 11605 were planted in a greenhouse in two different container sizes. After 60 days half of the seedlings in both treatments were clipped, and then hand transplanted into the field. The height and width of 10 plants in each treatment were measured biweekly. The percent survival, date of flowering, seed germination and weight of 1000 seeds were determined. Plants produced in large containers had a higher survival rate, plant size and flowering rate. In addition non-clipped seedling had significantly higher survival rates. There were no significant differences in seed germination or in seed weights among treatments.
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Kiemnec, Gary L., and Michael L. McInnis. "Sulfur Cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) Seed Ecology: Seed Bank Survival and Water and Salt Stresses on Germination." Invasive Plant Science and Management 2, no. 1 (January 2009): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-07-032.1.
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AbstractSulfur cinquefoil, a perennial invasive weed of many different habitats in the United States, reproduces and spreads predominately through seed production, making seed bank survival and successful germination essential steps in the invasive process. To evaluate its potential to invade water-stressed environments, field and growth chamber studies were conducted in two areas of sulfur cinquefoil seed ecology: (1) monitoring the seed bank population and (2) determining the effect of salt and water stresses on germination of two sulfur cinquefoil seed populations differing in site characteristics of precipitation, temperature, and soil conditions. Field sampling demonstrated that a 2-yr average seed rain of 73,700 seeds m−2 resulted in an average 26,600 seeds m−2 annual increase in the seed bank. Regression analysis showed seed rain accounted for only 7 and < 1% of the variation in seedling density in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Seeds from the two populations showed a difference in the level of decrease in germination in response to increasing water and salt stresses. Managers should be aware that some populations of sulfur cinquefoil may be able to survive under drier or saltier conditions than previously thought. It appears that several years of control of mature sulfur cinquefoil would dramatically reduce the sulfur cinquefoil seed bank.
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Anderson, Randy L. "Weed Seedling Emergence and Survival as Affected by Crop Canopy." Weed Technology 22, no. 4 (December 2008): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-073.1.
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This study measured impact of cool-season crops on seedling emergence, survival, and seed production of weeds common in corn and soybean. Weed dynamics were monitored in permanently marked quadrats in winter wheat, spring wheat, and canola. Three species, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and common lambsquarters, comprised more than 80% of the weeds observed in the study. Seedling emergence was reduced by winter wheat, but not by spring wheat or canola, when compared with adjacent quadrats without a crop canopy. Approximately 10% of seedlings in spring wheat and canola developed into seed-bearing plants, but no seed-bearing plants were present in winter wheat at harvest. Common lambsquarters produced more than 1,100 seeds/plant, whereas a foxtail plant produced 85 seeds, averaged across spring wheat and canola. At harvest, new seedlings were present in all crops; thus, control after harvest will be required to prevent seed production in the fall. Winter wheat may provide an opportunity to disrupt population dynamics of weeds common in corn and soybean without requiring herbicides.
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Jitsuyama, Yutaka, Yuma Hagihara, and Yutaro Konno. "Two imbibition properties independently influence the cultivar-specific flooding tolerance of dried soybean seeds." Seed Science Research 24, no. 1 (February 17, 2014): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258513000378.
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AbstractSoybean seeds are prone to flooding injury just after planting if they are exposed to excess moisture. We investigated the flooding tolerance of soybean seeds to clarify the relationship between flooding injury and imbibition, to identify factors that could provide fundamental information for the breeding of flooding-tolerant cultivars. Seven cultivars were used for this study. The seeds were geminated in a paper towel after a flooding treatment and then evaluated for survival. The imbibition of submerged seeds (passive imbibition) was evaluated as the seed fresh weight change during the flooding process. The imbibition of seeds with capillary effect (capillary imbibition) was measured by the bottom water supply method. Furthermore, the conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity were measured. After 3 h of flooding, significant differences in survival were detected among cultivars. In addition, the passive imbibition during 10–30 min of flooding, and the capillary imbibition during 0–10 min of flooding were caused by significant differences in the imbibition rate among cultivars. Although neither imbibition showed a significant correlation with the survival directly, the ratio between the passive and the capillary imbibition rate was significantly correlated with survival. Factors affecting imbibition included the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, which were significantly correlated with the passive and the capillary imbibition rate, respectively. Thus, the balance between the capillary and passive imbibition behaviour of seeds, affected by the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, was closely correlated with the occurrence of flooding injury in soybean seeds.
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Hoffmann, Mark, and Steven A. Fennimore. "A Soil Probe System to Evaluate Weed Seed Survival in Soil Disinfestation Trials." Weed Technology 31, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 752–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.36.
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Weed seed viability is an important parameter to assess the efficacy of soil disinfestation methods like fumigation and steam. In field experiments, seed samples are commonly placed in permeable bags and buried at several depths in soil before the application of soil disinfestation treatments. The seed samples are recovered several days to weeks after treatment and then seed viability is determined in the laboratory. The process of sample installation and recovery is time consuming and may expose personnel to hazardous conditions such as heat or fumigants. Described is a custom soil probe system, developed to simplify installation and recovery of weed seeds from soil. Each soil probe is capable of holding weed seed samples at three different depths up to 30 cm. The following hypothesis was tested: viability of weed seeds is similarly affected by soil disinfestation treatments whether the seeds were contained in the soil probe system or seed bag assays. Two different soil disinfestation trials were conducted: (1) a repeated micro-plot study (USDA Salinas, 1 m-2), using steam as a soil disinfestation treatment and (2) a field study in a commercial strawberry field with 1,3-dicloropropene plus chloropicrin (Pic-Clor 60) as soil disinfestation method. In both studies, seed viability of burning nettle, common knotweed, and common purslane (tetrazolium assay) and germination rates of yellow nutsedge tubers were assessed. Results indicate that the soil probe system can be used as an alternative to the seed bag assay to assess weed control efficacy of described soil disinfestation methods.
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Materon, L. A., and R. W. Weaver. "Inoculant Maturity Influences Survival of Rhizobia on Seed." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, no. 2 (1985): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.49.2.465-467.1985.
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DeBarr, Gary L., and Fred R. Matthews. "Insecticide Applications During the Pollination Period Do Not Adversely Affect Seed Yields of Loblolly Pine." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.4.240.
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Abstract Three insecticides--Guthion® (azinphosmethyl), Pydrin® (fenvalerate), and Ambush® (permethrin)--were applied to catkins and to ovulate strobili of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) at the time of maximum ovulate receptivity to determine their effects upon pollen viability, ovulate strobili survival, seed set, seed yields, and seed viability. Concentrations recommended for seed orchard use did not significantly reduce the number of pollen grains/ovule, in vitro or in vivo pollen germination, survival of ovulate strobili, number of developed seeds/cone, number of filled seeds/cone, germination of full seed, or cause an increase in abnormal seed germination. Operational applications of these insecticides to control the webbing coneworm (Dioryctria disclusa) should not cause adverse effects during this sensitive period of seed development in loblolly pine seed orchards.
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Cintra, Renato. "Leaf litter effects on seed and seedling predation of the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume tree Dipteryx micrantha in Amazonian forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 13, no. 5 (September 1997): 709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400010889.
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ABSTRACTThe amount of leaf litter fall produced by different tree species in tropical forests varies in space and time. Falling litter may cover seeds and thereby enhance their survival by making their detection by seed predators more difficult. Tests were made to determine whether Astrocaryum murumuru and Dipteryx micrantha seeds survive better in microsites covered by leaf litter. Seed numbers and litter cover on the forest floor were experimentally manipulated. How natural variation in leaf litter cover and thickness affects seed and seedling survival of these two plant species was also examined. Seed survivorship was significantly higher for both plant species in microsites with leaf litter than in those with bare soil. Results from an experiment in which the litter was not disturbed showed that Astrocaryum seed survival was positively correlated with litter thickness (defined as the number of overlying dead leaves). Astrocaryum seedling survival was also significantly affected by leaf litter; more seedlings survived in shallow litter. Leaf litter had no effect on Dipteryx seedling survival. The results of the study suggest that early recruitment of both Astrocaryum and Dipteryx is influenced by the spatial distribution and amount of forest leaf litter.
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Kunal and P. Sharma. "Influence of pesticide-treated seeds on survival of Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer, symbiotic efficiency and yield in chickpea." Plant Protection Science 48, No. 1 (February 15, 2012): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/54/2010-pps.
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Chemical seed protectants are used to reduce the adverse effects of seedling fungal pathogens or insect attack on legume pastures and crops. Chickpea seeds are also frequently treated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer inoculant to promote effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), which seems to be a cost effective measure. The population of viable Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer on seeds of chickpea declined with time of storage (4°C) in pesticide treated and untreated chickpea seeds in vitro. A significant reduction in chickpea rhizobia was observed in seed treatment with Captan followed by Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos. In a field experiment during the winter season 2006–2008, no difference in the emergence count of chickpea plants was observed. Treatments inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone or along with Captan, Chlorpyrifos or Endosulfan showed improved plant growth and symbiotic parameters (plant height, nodulation, leghaemoglobin content, and nitrogen content) in comparison with the uninoculated control treatment. Significantly higher grain yield (9.6%) was observed in the treatment inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone as compared to the uninoculated control. A non-significant difference in grain yield among treatments where Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer along with a mixture of fungicide and insecticides was applied was observed in contrast to the Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer treatment. In conclusion, the recommended rates of fungicide and insecticides as seed treatment were not detrimental to chickpea-Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer symbiosis, hence they can be safely used to obtain higher productivity.
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Glenn, D. L., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. "Incidence and Survival of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in Peanut Seed." Plant Disease 87, no. 7 (July 2003): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.7.867.
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Sixty-three commercial seed lots of peanut produced in Virginia were examined for the presence of seed with speckled testae. Speckled seed were present in seed lots from the 1998, 1999, and 2000 growing seasons at average rates of 3, 1.2, and 0.6%, respectively. Speckled and normal seed from 19 seed lots were assayed on a medium selective for C. parasiticum. The fungus was isolated from speckled seed at rates ranging from 40 to 96%. C. parasiticum was isolated only from a single normal seed from one seed lot. The pathogen was recovered at high rates from speckled seed immediately after pods had been dried in commercial drying trailers at temperatures up to 35°C. Ambient temperatures during winter seed storage that fluctuated from -10 to 28°C in 1999 and -8 to 33°C in 2000 greatly reduced pathogen recovery in speckled seed stored for 16 or 24 weeks. In field plots with naturally infested soil, the number of speckled seed harvested was directly correlated to the number of symptomatic plants in plots on 29 September. Based on this finding, the harvest of seed peanuts in areas of a field with high incidence of Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) should be avoided. Adoption of this policy is expected to lower the number of speckled seed entering commercial seed lots and reduce the risk for spread of CBR.
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Mercer, GN, AM Gill, and RO Weber. "A Time-Dependent Model of Fire Impact on Seed Survival in Woody Fruits." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 1 (1994): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940071.
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Many plants rely on the survival of seed in woody fruits for their post-fire regeneration. A mathematical model of seed survival in woody fruits was constructed using heat-flow equations with time-dependent temperature inputs. The model was then used to predict the survival of seed in fruits exposed to both laboratory heating and field fires as reported in the literature. Due to a lack of data for woody fruits, thermal diffusivity values appropriate to bark were used as inputs. The lethal threshold temperature for seeds was taken as 70°C which is at the lower end of the range reported in the literature. The inclusion in the model of thermal arrest within fruits gave the upper bounds for estimated times of seed survival. The model yielded reasonable predictions of seed fate when compared with experimental results. It was shown that the location of seed within the fruit is not critical to its survival provided it lies within the central core of the fruit. The applicability of the model was also demonstrated using published time-temperature curves from experimental fires.
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Block, C. C., and L. M. Shepherd. "Long-term Survival and Seed Transmission of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in Melon and Watermelon Seed." Plant Health Progress 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2008-1219-01-br.
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Seed transmission of A. avenae subsp. citrulli is key in the dissemination of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits. This study reports its survival and seed transmission from watermelon and melon seed lots that were more than 30 yr old. The longest previously-reported survival of A. avenae subsp. citrulli was from 19-yr-old watermelon seed and the longest reported survival for any seedborne bacterial plant pathogen was 24 yr for Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens from common bean seed. Accepted for publication 19 September 2008. Published 19 December 2008.
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Getachew, Zerihun, and Lejalem Abeble. "Effect of seed treatment using Mancozeb and Ridomil fungicides on Rhizobium strain performance, nodulation and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33674.
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The viability of commercial Rhizobium strains (SB-14 and SB-12) were inoculated and fungicides (Mancozeb and Ridomil) were used as seed dressed on soybean seed to investigate their effect on nodulation, plant growth and seed yield of soybean. Application of Rhizobial inoculants alone gave the highest nodulation and shoot dry weight performance as well as seed yield of soybean on both sites. SB-12 inoculant had significantly shown to be more effective than SB-14 inoculant in increasing nodulation and thus produced higher plant growth and seed yield. Rhizobial survival on the seeds was severely affected by both fungicides, resulting in decreased nodulation, plant growth and seed yield for both inoculants. However, Ridomil fungicide gave the lowest nodulation and seed yield when applied with either SB-12 or SB-14 Rhizobial strains. The strains differed in their sensitivity to Mancozeb fungicide that with strain SB-12 showed a slight effect or no effect on survival of rhizobium, nodulation and yield of soybean. Seed-dressing of mancozeb and ridomil resulted in reduction of seed yield by 882.8 kg ha-1 and 1154.7 kg ha-1, respectively with SB-12 strain. The present results indicate that inoculated Rhizobium inoculants differ in their capacity to develop resistance to the two dressed fungicides. Seed treatment with Mancozeb in combination with SB-12 strain slightly affected the survival of the inoculated strain. Consequently, mancozeb fungicide may be compatable with survival of the inoculated SB-12 Rhizobia. The results also indicate that the suppressive effects of seed-applied fungicides on Rhizobium strains survival and nodulation development depend on specific strain and fungicide. Soybean seeds inoculated with SB-12 may not need management with fungicides or lower concentration of Mancozeb that could be compatible with SB-12 to suppress soil-borne pathogens for both Assosa and Begi sites, western Ethiopia.
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Hart, Terese B. "Seed, seedling and sub-canopy survival in monodominant and mixed forests of the Ituri Forest, Africa." Journal of Tropical Ecology 11, no. 3 (August 1995): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400008919.
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ABSTRACTThe central Ituri Forest of Zaïre is characterized by monodominant stands of Gilbert-iodendron dewevrei (mbau forest) within a matrix of mixed forest where Julbernardia seretii is subdominant. Both species produce supra-annual, synchronous (mast) seed crops. The relationship of mast seed production to monodominance for the two tree species was evaluated by investigating: (1) the relationship between seed density and seed survival, (2) the relative impact of mammal versus insect seed predators in high and low seed density areas, and (3) post-germination survival in the understorey. For the latter, tagged seedlings were monitored over 10 years and both species were censused in different understorey size classes. Percentage seed survival was significantly greater for Julbernardia (but not for Gilbertiodendron) in areas of high conspecific seed density. Generalist fruit- and seed-eating mammals were the principal predators on seeds of both species when removed to areas without seed-fall. In mast areas high seed densities appeared to satiate mammalian seed predators but not the specialized beetle seed predators that were the major cause of seed destruction. Gilbertiodendron seedlings survived longer in the forest understorey than did seedlings of Julbernardia. Furthermore, Gilbertiodendron made up a greater proportion of the larger subcanopy size classes in monodominant forest than did Julbernardia in mixed forests. These results suggest that, irrespective of mortality to seeds, the ability to persist in the understorey may confer on Gilbertiodendron a greater probability of reaching and dominating the canopy.
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Sun, Shoujia, and Hongmao Zhang. "Cache sites preferred by small rodents facilitate cache survival in a subtropical primary forest, central China." Wildlife Research 40, no. 4 (2013): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13038.
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Context Scatter-hoarding rodents tend to hoard plant seeds in preferred places that facilitate seed survival, resulting in high food rewards for hoarders and a high probability of seedling establishment for plants. Aims To test the hypothesis that caches placed in rodent-preferred microhabitats, nearest-neighbour distances between caches (cache density) or cache depths have an increased chance of survival. Methods Rodent-made caches and observer-established caches of Himalayan hazelnut (Corylus ferox) seeds were tracked in a subtropical primary forest in central China. The survival of caches within rodent-preferred microhabitats, nearest-neighbour distances and cache depths were identified. Key results Rodents preferred to hoard Himalayan hazelnut seeds in microhabitats under and at the edge of shrubs, with the nearest-neighbour distance of <4.0 m, and at 2.1–4.0-cm depth. The survival times of both rodent-made caches and observer-established caches were longer within rodent-preferred microhabitats than in other habitats and increased with an increasing nearest-neighbour distance and cache depth, up to what appeared to be an optimal nearest-neighbour distance and depth. Conclusions Conditions of rodent-preferred cache microhabitats, nearest-neighbour distances and cache depths can facilitate cache survival. Implications Rodents often move plant seeds away from parent trees and bury them in shallow soil, which benefits seed dispersal and establishment of plants. The present study demonstrates that rodent-preferred cache conditions may translate into higher seed survival and a higher tendency of seeds to germinate and establish. Thus, careful management and conservation of rodent-preferred hoarding habitats may benefit seed dispersal and survival.
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Zhou, Guoyan, Feifei Zhang, and Shaoyun Wu. "Improvement on The Ellis and Roberts Viability Model." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 5 (May 12, 2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i5.321-329.495.
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With data sets of germination percent and storage time of seed lot of wheat and sorghum stored at three different storage temperature(t, °C) with three different water content (m, %) of seeds, together with data set of buckwheat and lettuce reported in literatures, the possibility that seed survival curve were transformed into line by survival proportion and the relationship that logarithm of average viability period (logp50) and standard deviation of seed death distribution in time (δ)with t, m and interaction between t and m were analysed. Result indicated that survival proportion transformed seed survival curve to line were much easier than the probability adopted by Ellis and Roberts, and the most important factor affecting logp50 and δ of seed lot was interaction between t and m. Thus, Ellis and Roberts viability model were suggested to be improved as Ki=Vi-p/10K-CWT (t×m) to predict longevity of seed lot with initial germination percent unknown, a new model of Gi/G0=A-P/10K-CWT(t×m) was constructed to predict longevity of seed lot with initial germination percent already known.
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Webber, Bruce L., and Ian E. Woodrow. "Cassowary frugivory, seed defleshing and fruit fly infestation influence the transition from seed to seedling in the rare Australian rainforest tree, Ryparosa sp. nov. 1 (Achariaceae)." Functional Plant Biology 31, no. 5 (2004): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03214.
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The rare Australian rainforest tree Ryparosa sp. nov. 1 aff. javanica (sensu Webber & Curtis, BW-017; Achariaceae) has large fleshy fruits that undergo a distinctive colour change during ripening. Fruit seem highly suited to frugivore interactions with large ground-dwelling avian or marsupial frugivores, a role primarily filled by the endangered cassowary. We found that fruits had chemical defence traits that closely paralleled morphological ripening signals. Young fruit seeds had amongst the highest concentrations of plant tissue cyanogens ever recorded (some in excess of 12 mg g–1 dw), yet the flesh of ripe fruits had negligible cyanogen defence. A seed treatment trial found that cassowary gut passage significantly improved germination from 4% to 92%, and we were not able to replicate this result with simulated treatments. While high levels of fruit fly larval infestation accounted for reduced seed viability, this predation was apparently reduced by cassowary gut passage. Post-germination seedling traits such as haustorial cryptocotylar cotyledons and epigeal germination may increase the chance of survival for establishing seedlings. We conclude that the range of traits seen in Ryparosa recruitment is particularly suited to interactions with frugivores and survival in a rainforest ecosystem.
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Sotes, Gastón Javier, Ramiro Osciel Bustamante, and Carolina Andrea Henríquez. "Leaf litter is essential for seed survival of the endemic endangered tree <i>Pouteria splendens</i> (Sapotaceae) from central Chile." Web Ecology 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-18-1-2018.
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Abstract. Pouteria splendens (A.DC.) Kuntze, the Chilean lúcumo, is an endemic tree and the only member of the Sapotaceae family in Chile. It is considered an endangered species as a consequence of its restricted distribution and small population size. Currently, individuals of P. splendens are immersed in a heterogeneous landscape with rocky mounds and plains located in areas densely populated by humans. Natural regeneration in the species seems to be low, despite the fact that plants are able to produce fruits. The species produces brightly colored fleshy drupes. There is no information about the dispersal pattern and the fate of the seeds. In this work we investigate (i) the seed dispersal pattern and (ii) the effect of tree canopy and the presence of leaf litter on seed survival, both in rocky mounds and plains. Results indicated an extremely low distance of seed dispersal, with most of the seeds falling down under the canopy. Seed survival under the canopy without leaf litter was very low and even zero in rocky mounds. Nevertheless, the presence of leaf litter covering the seeds increased survival in both habitats. Outside the canopy, seed survival only increased in plains. We suggest that future conservation programs should focus on protecting both adult plants and leaf litter under trees.