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1
Rachman, Fai, Ellen Rosyelina Sasmita, and Suyadi Wongsowijoyo. "Pengaruh Pencucian Benih dengan Penambahan Fungisida terhadap Tingkat Serangan Penyakit Bulai, Pertumbuhan, dan Hasil Jagung Hibrida Varietas P27." Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 21, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v21i1.28348.
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Corn is an important food crop in the world. Downy mildew as a corn main disease causes a decrease of crop yields. Downy mildew can be prevented by seed treatment. The study aims to determine the effect of washing and adding fungicides on seeds to downy mildew attack, growth, and hybrid corn yields. The research conducted in Wedomartani Experimental Field, Ngemplak, Sleman with experiment in June – October 2018. Field experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was set up, using single factor, which is seeds of P27 variety washed and added fungicides. There are 10 treatments: control, washed seeds, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 3g/kg + dimetomorph 2g/kg, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 3g/kg + dimetomorph 3g/kg, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 3g/kg + dimetomorph 4g/kg, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 3g/kg + dimetomorph 5g/kg, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 5g/kg + dimetomorph 2g/kg, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 5g/kg + dimetomorph 3g/kg, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 5g/kg + dimetomorph 4g/kg, washed seeds + fungicide metalaxyl 5g/kg + dimetomorph 5g/kg. The results showed that control effective to prevent downy mildew attack, increasing growth and hybrid corn yields. Washed seeds cause high level of downy mildew attack, slow growth, and low crop yields. Seed treatments with fungicides is not effective, because give same affect with control.
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Rothrock, C. S., S. A. Winters, P. K. Miller, E. Gbur, L. M. Verhalen, B. E. Greenhagen, T. S. Isakeit, et al. "Importance of Fungicide Seed Treatment and Environment on Seedling Diseases of Cotton." Plant Disease 96, no. 12 (December 2012): 1805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-12-0031-sr.
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The importance of fungicide seed treatments on cotton was examined using a series of standardized fungicide trials from 1993 to 2004. Fungicide seed treatments increased stands over those from seed not treated with fungicides in 119 of 211 trials. Metalaxyl increased stands compared to nontreated seed in 40 of 119 trials having significant fungicide responses, demonstrating the importance of Pythium spp. on stand establishment. Similarly, PCNB seed treatment increased stands compared to nontreated seed for 44 of 119 trials with a significant response, indicating the importance of Rhizoctonia solani in stand losses. Benefits from the use of newer seed treatment chemistries, azoxystrobin and triazoles, were demonstrated by comparison with a historic standard seed treatment, carboxin + PCNB + metalaxyl. Little to no stand improvement was found when minimal soil temperatures averaged 25°C the first 3 days after planting. Stand losses due to seedling pathogens increased dramatically as minimal soil temperatures decreased to 12°C and rainfall increased. The importance of Pythium increased dramatically as minimal soil temperature decreased and rainfall increased, while the importance of R. solani was not affected greatly by planting environment. These multi-year data support the widespread use of seed treatment fungicides for the control of the seedling disease complex on cotton.
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Smith, D. T., M. C. Black, W. J. Grichar, and A. J. Jaks. "Economic Assessment and Fungicide Use on Peanut Seed in the Southwestern United States1." Peanut Science 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-27-1-9.
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Abstract Seed protectant fungicides are an important part of a total pest management program of peanut and may reduce the use of other pesticides later in the growing season. A survey of peanut shellers was conducted to determine the amount of fungicide use and the important factors used in selecting particular fungicides for treating seed in the Southwestern United States. All peanut seed planted in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico was treated with one or more fungicides and totaled 19,000 kg of five active ingredients applied on 12 million kg of seed. Captan was the leading active ingredient and made up 49% of all fungicide use. Shellers were the sole decision makers in selecting seed treatment fungicides and cited fungicide effectiveness and assurance of a good crop stand as the major factors in selecting a commercial product. Fungicide treatments made up 4% of the total cost of planting seed, for an average cost of $6.75/ha. A case study on the impact of seed treatments was conducted using 12 yr of field performance data in an economic assessment. Peanut yields were 36% higher when captan-treated compared with using untreated seed. In an economic assessment, net returns above variable costs were $331/ha higher when fungicide-treated seed was planted, compared to untreated seed. The case study showed that seed treatments provided positive economic returns in 10 out of the 12 yr and losses would result in 7 out of 12 yr if untreated seed were planted. Many of the present seed treatment fungicides will be reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and require re-registration under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.
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Botelho, Silvia de Carvalho Campos, Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira, Roberto Ferreira da Silva, and Alexandre Pio Viana. "Chemical treatment of papaya seeds aiming at long-term storage and control of damping off." Revista Ceres 61, no. 3 (June 2014): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2014000300013.
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Damping off is a nursery disease of great economic importance in papaya and seed treatment may be an effective measure to control. The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of papaya seeds treated with fungicides and stored under two environmental and packaging conditions. Additionally, the efficiency of fungicide treatments in the control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated. Papaya seeds were treated with the fungicides Captan, Tolylfluanid and the mixture Tolylfluanid + Captan (all commercial wettable powder formulations). Seeds of the control group were not treated. The seeds were stored for nine months in two conditions: packed in aluminum coated paper and kept at 7 ± 1ºC and in permeable kraft paper and kept in non-controlled environment. At the beginning of the storage and every three months the seed quality (germination and vigor tests), emergence rate index, height, dry mass and damping of plants in pre and post-emergence (in contaminated substrate and mycelia-free substrate) were analyzed. Both storage conditions as well as the fungicide treatments preserved the germination and seed vigor. In the infested substrate, seedling emergence was favored by fungicides, but in post-emergence, fungicides alone did not control the damping off caused by R. solani. Symptoms of damping off were not observed in the clean substrate. The results showed that the fungicide treatments may be used to pretreat papaya seed for long-term storage and commercialization.
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Getachew, Zerihun, and Lejalem Abeble. "Effect of seed treatment using Mancozeb and Ridomil fungicides on Rhizobium strain performance, nodulation and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33674.
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The viability of commercial Rhizobium strains (SB-14 and SB-12) were inoculated and fungicides (Mancozeb and Ridomil) were used as seed dressed on soybean seed to investigate their effect on nodulation, plant growth and seed yield of soybean. Application of Rhizobial inoculants alone gave the highest nodulation and shoot dry weight performance as well as seed yield of soybean on both sites. SB-12 inoculant had significantly shown to be more effective than SB-14 inoculant in increasing nodulation and thus produced higher plant growth and seed yield. Rhizobial survival on the seeds was severely affected by both fungicides, resulting in decreased nodulation, plant growth and seed yield for both inoculants. However, Ridomil fungicide gave the lowest nodulation and seed yield when applied with either SB-12 or SB-14 Rhizobial strains. The strains differed in their sensitivity to Mancozeb fungicide that with strain SB-12 showed a slight effect or no effect on survival of rhizobium, nodulation and yield of soybean. Seed-dressing of mancozeb and ridomil resulted in reduction of seed yield by 882.8 kg ha-1 and 1154.7 kg ha-1, respectively with SB-12 strain. The present results indicate that inoculated Rhizobium inoculants differ in their capacity to develop resistance to the two dressed fungicides. Seed treatment with Mancozeb in combination with SB-12 strain slightly affected the survival of the inoculated strain. Consequently, mancozeb fungicide may be compatable with survival of the inoculated SB-12 Rhizobia. The results also indicate that the suppressive effects of seed-applied fungicides on Rhizobium strains survival and nodulation development depend on specific strain and fungicide. Soybean seeds inoculated with SB-12 may not need management with fungicides or lower concentration of Mancozeb that could be compatible with SB-12 to suppress soil-borne pathogens for both Assosa and Begi sites, western Ethiopia.
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Munkvold, G. P., and J. K. O'Mara. "Laboratory and Growth Chamber Evaluation of Fungicidal Seed Treatments for Maize Seedling Blight Caused by Fusarium Species." Plant Disease 86, no. 2 (February 2002): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.2.143.
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The performance of seed treatment products for maize usually is evaluated in field experiments, where it is difficult to assess their effects on specific important pathogens such as fungi in the genus Fusarium. To evaluate three fungicidal seed treatments (captan, difenoconazole, and fludioxonil) against six Fusarium species that infect maize seed or seedlings, we conducted experiments in the laboratory and in growth chambers. In the laboratory experiments, treated and nontreated seeds of two maize hybrids were incubated on the surface of an agar medium colonized by each of 12 Fusarium isolates. The fungi did not reduce seed germination, but most Fusarium isolates caused decay of the seed and radicle, and arrested the development of the radicle. All three fungicides significantly reduced the colonization and decay of the seeds and radicles by Fusarium isolates and resulted in greater radicle lengths, but there were significant interactions between the effects of fungicide treatments and Fusarium isolates. Overall, difenoconazole was the most effective fungicide for the prevention of seed colonization and decay. Fludioxonil was overall the most effective fungicide in terms of increased radicle length, particularly when seed was exposed to isolates of F. graminearum, which were among the most aggressive isolates in the experiments. In the growth chamber experiments, seeds were planted in a Fusarium-infested potting medium, which resulted in lower emergence, shoot length, root length, and dry weight of seedlings compared to the noninfested control. Some isolates also caused root rot symptoms. All three fungicides significantly improved shoot and root length and root health, difenoconazole and fludioxonil significantly improved emergence, and only difeno-conazole significantly improved dry weight compared to the nontreated control. There were significant rank correlations between the results of the laboratory and growth chamber experiments in terms of relative aggressiveness of the isolates and relative efficacy of the fungicides. The laboratory experiments were more sensitive in terms of detecting differences in fungicide performance. These results indicate that all three fungicides were effective against Fusarium, but difenoconazole and fludioxonil generally were more effective than captan; the fungicides also differed in efficacy against different Fusarium species.
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Conceição, Gerusa M., Alessandro D. Lúcio, Liliane M. Mertz-Henning, Fernando A. Henning, Manoela Beche, and Fabricio F. de Andrade. "Physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds under different chemical treatments during storage." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 11 (November 2016): 1020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n11p1020-1024.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the chemical treatment with fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer on physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds during storage. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 x 5 factorial scheme (cultivars x seeds treatment x storage period), in completely randomized design with four replicates. Three cultivars were used: NA 4823RG, BMX TurboRR and Fundacep 62RR. The treatments were: T1: no chemical treatment, T2: fungicide, insecticide and micronutrient; T3: fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer, T4: fungicide; T5: insecticide. After the chemical treatment, the seeds were stored under environmental conditions from May to December 2012, and seed quality was evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of storage. Seeds water content and physiological quality were determined through tests of germination, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry weight and sanity. The treatment with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and polymer did not affect seed quality over eight months of storage and promoted the control fungi associated with the seeds.
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Brodal, Guro, Heidi Røsok Bye, Eleonora Høst, Martin Pettersson, Inger Sundheim Fløistad, Øyvind Meland Edvardsen, and Venche Talgø. "Management of seed-borne Sirococcus conigenus on Norway spruce by fungicide seed treatment." Seed Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2020.48.1.05.
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Seedling blight caused by Sirococcus conigenus was recently reported on Norway spruce (Picea abies) from Norwegian forest nurseries. The inoculum source was found to be infected seeds. In a Petri dish assay, the fungicide fludioxonil + difenoconazole was, among other fungicides, found to inhibit mycelial growth of S. conigenus. This fungicide is formulated as a seed treatment and registered for cereals in Norway, and was chosen for an experiment to control S. conigenus on Norway spruce seeds. Samples from two naturally infected seed lots were treated with half, normal and double dose of the recommended rate for cereals. Together with untreated control samples, treated seeds were tested in the laboratory for efficacy against S. conigenus on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in Petri dishes and for germination potential on filter paper. We also recorded seed emergence in soil of one of the seed lots in a growth chamber and in a forest nursery. On agar, the fungus was not detected after seed treatment with fludioxonil + difenoconazole at any of the three dosages, but it was present in the control. Germination on filter paper and emergence in soil was high in both treated and untreated control seeds with no signs of detrimental effects from any of the three fungicide doses.
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Rufino, Cassyo Araujo, Lizandro Ciciliano Tavares, André Pich Brunes, Elisa Souza Lemes, and Francisco Amaral Villela. "Treatment of wheat seed with zinc, fungicide, and polymer: seed quality and yield." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 1 (2013): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000100015.
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The objective of this study was to assess performance of wheat seeds after application of three components [fungicide, zinc (Zn), and polymer], separately or with their combinations, as well as assessing seed quality and yield. Thus, the treatments consisted in combinations of fungicide + zinc (Zn) + polymer, totaling six treatments, with four replicates per treatment, as follow: T0 - without application of Zn, fungicide, or polymer (control); T1 - Zn; T2 - Zn + polymer; T3 - polymer; T4 - fungicide; T5 - polymer + fungicide; and T6 - Zn + polymer + fungicide. The performance of the seeds originating from plants whose seeds had been pre-treated was assessed by tests of germination and vigor, in addition to analyzes of growth and yield. It was concluded that wheat seeds treated with zinc, fungicide and polymer are positively influenced until 30 days after emergence. The germination of wheat seeds is positively influenced by the treatment with fungicide, as much when separately applied as in combined application with zinc and polymer. The yield per plant increases when seeds are treated with Zn.
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Mitschunas, Nadine, Juliane Filser, and Markus Wagner. "On the use of fungicides in ecological seed burial studies." Seed Science Research 19, no. 1 (March 2009): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025850818727x.
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AbstractEvidence for effects of saprophytic fungi on buried seed demography is usually obtained from studies involving the simultaneous burial of fungicide-treated seeds and of untreated seeds. However, any potential influence of fungicide treatment on seed dormancy levels is generally ignored in these studies. Also, some studies assume that a combination of several fungicidal compounds provides better protection against a broader range of fungi, ignoring chemical interactions that may potentially occur between different compounds. To investigate these issues, we carried out a 6-month burial experiment using seeds ofAnthriscus sylvestris(L.) Hoffm.,Centaurea nigraL. andDaucus carotaL., and three substrates differing in organic matter content. Three fungicidal compounds, captan, iprodione and mancozeb, were applied alone and in combination, including an untreated control. All fungicidal compounds and combinations thereof provided protection against fungal-induced seed mortality and, except for a low efficacy of iprodione in protecting seeds ofAnthriscus, there were no pronounced differences in seed mortality between different fungicide treatments. Captan temporarily inhibited germination inCentaurea, whereas a similar inhibition inDaucusseeds caused by mancozeb was more long lasting, suggesting an induction of secondary dormancy. Organic matter content had only a negligible influence on these results. Our results suggest that the basic conclusions from most seed burial studies are robust with respect to their choice of fungicide. We conclude by discussing further implications of our findings for the design and interpretation of seed burial studies.
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Scott, Kelsey, Meredith Eyre, Dair McDuffee, and Anne E. Dorrance. "The Efficacy of Ethaboxam as a Soybean Seed Treatment Toward Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium in Ohio." Plant Disease 104, no. 5 (May 2020): 1421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-19-1818-re.
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Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium species that cause early-season seed decay and pre-emergence and post-emergence damping off of soybean are most commonly managed with seed treatments. The phenylamide fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam, and ethaboxam are effective toward some but not all species. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ethaboxam in fungicide mixtures and compare those with other fungicides as seed treatments to protect soybean against Pythium, Phytopythium, and Phytophthora species in both high-disease field environments and laboratory seed plate assays. The second objective was to evaluate these seed treatment mixtures on cultivars that have varying levels and combinations of resistance to these soilborne pathogens. Five of eight environments received adequate precipitation in the 14 days after planting for high levels of seedling disease development and treatment evaluations. Three environments had significantly greater stands, and three had significantly greater yield when ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixture compared with treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone. Three fungicide formulations significantly reduced disease severity compared with nontreated in the seed plate assay for 17 species. However, the combination of ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixture was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium and Phytopythium species. Overall, our results indicate that the addition of ethaboxam to a fungicide seed treatment is effective in reducing seed rot caused by these pathogens commonly isolated from soybean in Ohio but that these effects can be masked when cultivars with resistance are planted.
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Davis, R. M., J. J. Nunez, and K. V. Subbarao. "Benefits of Cotton Seed Treatments for the Control of Seedling Diseases in Relation to Inoculum Densities of Pythium Species and Rhizoctonia solani." Plant Disease 81, no. 7 (July 1997): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.7.766.
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Twenty-five field trials conducted over a 3-year period in five San Joaquin Valley counties included the following treatments: nontreated cotton seed; seed treated with myclobutanil for the control of Rhizoctonia solani-induced damping-off; seed treated with metalaxyl for the control of Pythium-induced damping-off; and seed treated with a combination of the two fungicides. The following parameters were measured: soil populations of Pythium spp. and R. solani at planting, soil temperature at planting, air temperatures for 5 days after planting, soil particle analysis, EC, calcium, pH, organic matter, and plant stands from each treatment. In 1993 and 1994, myclobutanil and the combination of the two fungicides resulted in improved stands in 15 of 18 fields. Metalaxyl did not increase stands in any field in 1993 to 1994. In 1995, the combination of fungicides increased stands relative to the nontreated seeds and was more effective in increasing stands than myclobutanil or metalaxyl alone. Pythium populations were much greater in 1995 than in 1993 to 1994 and may explain the increase in plant stands with the combination of fungicides and metalaxyl alone. Covariate analysis of the data indicated no relationship between stand increases from fungicide seed treatment and any of the soil parameters measured. Heat units following planting were not limiting and had no effect on stands. Populations of pathogens were not related to benefits of fungicides, with the exception of a negative correlation between stand increases from seed treatment with myclobutanil and Pythium populations. Apparently, seed protected with a fungicide active against R. solani were more susceptible to infection by Pythium spp. In general, the fungicide seed treatment active against R. solani increased stands of the cultivar Maxxa regardless of soil type and pathogen populations. Increased stands from the metalaxyl treatment occurred in 1 of the 3 years of the study.
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Wise, Kiersten A., Robert A. Henson, and Carl A. Bradley. "Fungicide Seed Treatment Effects on Seed-borne Ascochyta rabiei in Chickpea." HortTechnology 19, no. 3 (January 2009): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.3.533.
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A chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seedlot, naturally infected with Ascochyta rabiei, was sorted into two lots of asymptomatic and symptomatic, based on visual symptoms observed. A laboratory assay showed 16% A. rabiei infection in asymptomatic seeds, while symptomatic seeds had 73% infection. Asymptomatic and symptomatic seeds were treated with different fungicides to determine their effects on seedling emergence from soil and on ascochyta blight development in seedlings grown in a growth chamber and in the field at Fargo and Carrington, ND, in 2006. The emergence of seedlings grown from asymptomatic seeds was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater than the emergence of seedlings grown from symptomatic seeds in the growth chamber and field trials. Fungicides were able to increase plant emergence from symptomatic seeds when compared with a control in the growth chamber trials. In the growth chamber trials, the treatment with a mixture of metalaxyl + thiabendazole + ipconazole + azoxystrobin was the most effective at slowing the development of disease on plants from symptomatic seeds. This research reinforces the importance of seed health testing and fungicide seed treatments as part of an ascochyta blight management program.
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Lamichhane, Jay Ram, Ming Pei You, Véronique Laudinot, Martin J. Barbetti, and Jean-Noël Aubertot. "Revisiting Sustainability of Fungicide Seed Treatments for Field Crops." Plant Disease 104, no. 3 (March 2020): 610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-19-1157-fe.
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The use of fungicide seed treatment (FST) is a very common practice worldwide. The purported effectiveness of many fungicides in providing broad-spectrum and systemic control of important diseases and the perception that FST reduces overall pesticide use, hence lowering environmental impacts, have greatly promoted the use of FST in the last five decades. Since there have been rapid advancements in the types, formulations, and application methods for seed treatments, there is a need to re-evaluate the benefits versus the risks of FST as a practice. While the use of seeds treated with neonicotinoid insecticides has come under scrutiny due to concern over potential nontarget effects, there are knowledge gaps on potential negative impacts of FST on operators’ (those who apply, handle, and use treated seeds) health and nontarget soil organisms (both macro- and microorganisms). Here we review existing knowledge on key fungicides used for seed treatments, benefits and risks related to FST, and propose recommendations to increase benefits and limit risks related to the use of FST. We found FST is applied to almost 100% of sown seeds for the most important arable crops worldwide. Fungicides belonging to 10 chemical families and with one or several types of mobility (contact, locally systemic, and xylem mobile) are used for seed treatment, although the majority are xylem mobile. Seed treatments are applied by the seed distributor, the seed company, and the farmer, although the proportion of seed lots treated by these three groups vary from one crop to another. The average quantity of fungicide active ingredient (a.i.) applied via seed treatment depends on the crop species, environment(s) into which seed is planted, and regional or local regulations. Cost-effectiveness, protection of the seed and seedlings from pathogens up to 4–5 weeks from sowing, user friendliness, and lower impact on human health and nontarget soil organisms compared with foliar spray and broadcast application techniques, are among the most claimed benefits attributed to FST. In contrast, inconsistent economic benefits, development of resistance by soilborne pathogens to many fungicides, exposure risks to operators, and negative impacts on nontarget soil organisms are the key identified risks related to FST. We propose eight recommendations to reduce risks related to FST and to increase their benefits.
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Zilli, Jerri Édson, Karen Gonçalves Ribeiro, Rubens José Campo, and Mariangela Hungria. "Influence of fungicide seed treatment on soybean nodulation and grain yield." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, no. 4 (August 2009): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000400016.
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Biological N2 fixation is a major factor contributing to the increased competitiveness of Brazilian soybeans on the international market. However, the contribution of this process may be limited by adverse conditions to symbiotic bacteria, such as fungicide seed treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the fungicides carbendazim + thiram and carboxin + thiram on soybean nodulation, plant growth and grain yield. Two field experiments were carried out in the Cerrado region of the State of Roraima, in a soil with a low organic matter content and no soybean bradyrhizobia. In 2005, seeds were treated with fungicide carbendazim + thiram and commercial inoculants containing the Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains SEMIA 5019 and SEMIA 587 and B. japonicum strains SEMIA 5079 and SEMIA 5080. In 2006, soybean seeds were treated with the fungicides carbendazim + thiram or carboxin + thiram and inoculated separately with each one of the four strains. The plants were evaluated for number of nodules and dry weight, shoot dry weight and total N accumulated in shoots 35 days after plant emergence, while grain yield and N grain content were determined at harvest. Both fungicides reduced soybean nodulation, especially in the presence of B. elkanii strains. The fungicide carbendazim + thiram reduced nodulation by about 50 % and grain yield by more than 20 % (about 700 kg ha-1), in the treatment inoculated with of strain SEMIA 587.
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Freiberg, Joice Aline, Marcos Paulo Ludwig, Suemar Alexandre Gonçalves Avelar, and Eduardo Girotto. "Seed treatment and its impact on wheat crop yield potential." Journal of Seed Science 39, no. 3 (September 2017): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v39n3177754.
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Abstract: In the sowing process, the technique of seed treatment may assist in maintaining crop yield potential. This present study aimed to assess how wheat seed treatment with two different sources of micronutrients, combined with fungicide + insecticide protective treatment and coating with liquid polymer, may impact its vegetative development and grain production. Wheat seeds of cultivar Tec Vigore were subjected to three different treatments using micronutrient containing zinc: no micronutrient, micronutrient 1 (1% Mn, 0.1% Mo, 10% Zn); micronutrient 2 (0.3% B, 0.3% Co; 3% Zn), where micronutrient treatments were combined with different protective treatments used for seed treatment: untreated seeds, polymer (Color seed He), fungicide (Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC) + insecticide (Cruiser® 350 FS) and combination of polymer + fungicide + insecticide. We assessed parameters related to crop development, such as seedling emergence, dry matter of root and shoot, tillers, and for physiological maturity, we assessed grain yield and hectoliter weight. Seed treatment with micronutrients, polymer, fungicide + insecticide and combinations thereof does not reduce emergence and may increase seedling stand, but without influencing wheat grain yield.
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Shahbaz, Muhammad, Muhammad Riaz, Sajjad Ali, Faqir Ahmad, Aftab Hussain, Ghulam Nabi, Muhammad T. Chaudhry, and Sher Muhammad. "EFFECT OF SEED DRESSING CHEMICALS ON EMERGENCE, YIELD AND AGAINST SOIL & SEED BORN DISEASES OF WHEAT." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.02.0461.
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Field studies were carried out at Adaptive Research Farm, Sheikhupura Punjab, Pakistan having rice- wheat cropping system to evaluate the efficacy of three different fungicides against seed or soil borne wheat diseases (Root rot, Loose smut & Black Point disease) during two successive seasons 2015-16 & 2016-17.The fungicides were Thiophenate methyl, compound fungicides i.e. Tubeconzol+ imidachloprid and Difenoconazol + cypnoconazol used as seed treatment at the rate of 2.5 g , 4 ml & 1 ml per kg of seed respectively. Incidence of root rot, loose smut & black point disease was recorded by selecting 15 plants, 100 plants & 100 seeds randomly of each treatment from each plot respectively in comparison with untreated control. All the fungicides significantly increased the seedling emergence per square meter about 15 percent as compared to untreated plot. Tubeconzol+ imidachloprid and Difenoconasol +cypnoconazol were the most effective seed dressing fungicide and reduced the number of rotted roots , loose smut infected spikes and black point infested seeds. Maximum number of productive tillers per square meter, healthy grains per spike and yield kg per hectare were recorded with compound fungicide Tubeconzol+ Imidachloprid followed by Difenoconazol + Cypnoconazol treated plots as compared to untreated plot.
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Fernandez, M. R., T. K. Turkington, and W. E. May. "Effectiveness of fungicide seed treatments for preventing seed-to-seedling transmission of Fusarium graminearum under controlled-environment conditions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08132.
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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is well established in the eastern prairies, but for the most part it has been absent from western regions, especially under dryland conditions. This has been largely attributed to dry and hot conditions during some years, and the limited occurrence of F. graminearum in the western prairies. It is of importance to prevent the movement of F. graminearum, the most important FHB pathogen in North America, to areas where this pathogen is not commonly found. Three controlled-environment studies, using different Fusarium-infected common and durum wheat seed lots, were conducted to determine the effectiveness of currently registered fungicide seed treatments in improving seedling emergence and plant development, and preventing the growth of F. graminearum from infected seed to plant tissue. Fungicide treatments improved seedling emergence from the most infected seed over the untreated infected control, but most treatments did not improve emergence in the other experiments. Plant growth in the fungicide treatments was either similar to or slower than in the untreated controls. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from discoloured tissue in all treatments and was generally more common in crowns than in subcrown internodes. No fungicide treatment reduced discolouration of plant tissue or percentage isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium spp. consistently. We conclude that while currently registered seed treatments might be effective in improving seedling emergence in some infected wheat seed lots, they do not prevent the growth of F. graminearum from seeds to plant tissue. For the western prairies, the use of fungicide seed treatments as a strategy in the prevention of spread of FHB would require that they be effective primarily against F. graminearum. Performance of fungicide seed treatments against Fusarium-infected wheat seed should also be determined under typical growing conditions across the western prairies.Key words: Seed treatments, fungicides, wheat, root rot, crown rot, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum
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Parera, Carlos A., and Daniel J. Cantliffe. "Presowing Seed Treatments to Enhance Supersweet Sweet Corn Seed and Seedling Quality." HortScience 29, no. 4 (April 1994): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.277.
Full textAbstract:
Poor emergence and low seedling vigor are characteristics of many supersweet sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars carrying the shrunken-2 (sh2) gene. Four sh2 sweet corn cultivar seeds [`How Sweet It Is' (HSII), `Crisp N' Sweet 711' (CNS-711), `Sweet Belle' (SB), and `Dazzle' (DZ)] were solid-matrix-primed (SMP), SMP with sodium hypochlorite (SMPcl), treated with a fungicide combination (F) (Imazalil + Captan + Apron + Thiram), or primed with the aforementioned fungicides (SMPf). The seed treatments were tested in the laboratory and the field. Seed imbibition and leachate electrical conductivity were lower in SMP seeds than in nonprimed seeds. In the field, emergence percentage and rate of CNS-711 and SB (high-vigor seeds) were not improved by the seed treatments compared to the nontreated seeds. Emergence percentage and rate of HSII and DZ (considered low-vigor seeds) were improved as a result of SMPcl, SMPf, or F treatments compared to nonprimed seeds. Compared to the F treatment, the SMPcl presowing treatment increased DZ seedling emergence rate and percentage. The combined SMP and seed disinfection via NaOCl seems to be a promising fungicide seed-treatment substitute that improves the stand establishment and seedling vigor of sh2 sweet corn cultivars. Chemical names used: 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1 H imidazole (Imazalil); N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide(Captan); N- (2,6-dimethylphenyl)- N -(methoxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester (Apron); tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Thiram).
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Mueller, D. S., G. L. Hartman, and W. L. Pedersen. "Development of Sclerotia and Apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from Infected Soybean Seed and Its Control by Fungicide Seed Treatment." Plant Disease 83, no. 12 (December 1999): 1113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.12.1113.
Full textAbstract:
Field and laboratory studies were done to evaluate the development of sclerotia and apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from soybeans and its control with fungicide seed treatment. Soybean seed infected with S. sclerotiorum produced mycelia on both seed coats and cotyledons after 48 h on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Obviously infected soybean seed also were placed in aluminum pans containing field soil and placed in soybean fields near Urbana, Illinois and Clinton, Wisconsin. In 1997, a total of 553 sclerotia, 20 stipes, and 10 apothecia were produced from 500 infected seeds. In 1998, 201 sclerotia and 22 stipes were produced, but no apothecia were observed from the 500 infected seeds. Fludioxonil was the most effective fungicide for reducing radial growth of S. sclerotiorum on PDA plates and suppressed 99% of the radial growth at 0.1 μg a.i./ml. S. sclerotiorum was recovered from 2% of soybean seed lots containing infected seed. When this seed lot was treated with several fungicides, captan + pentachloronitrobenzene + thiabendazole and fludioxonil completely inhibited mycelial growth from infected seed; thiram and thiabendazole each reduced recovery of S. sclerotiorum by 90%. In the field, 754 sclerotia and 10 apothecia were produced from 1,000 infected seeds over a two-year period. When evaluating fungicide control in the field, thiram, fludioxonil, and captan + pentachloronitrobenzene + thiabendazole reduced sclerotia formation from infected seed by more than 98%.
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Khalid, Haris, Muhammad J. Jaskani, Muhammad Atiq, Sabir H. Khan, Nasir A. Rajput, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Azam, and Saud Khalid. "EVALUATION OF BOTANICALS AND FUNGICIDES AGAINST SEED BORNE FUNGI AND GERMINATION OF ROUGH LEMON SEEDS." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.02.0444.
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Citrus fruits are grown all over the world, including Pakistan. However, the poor storage conditions for citrus seeds in tropical and sub-tropical regions compromise their viability during growth. In this study, M. olifera (Moringa) and A. niger (Neem) leaves were used as seed coating agents and were utilized for the first time without any deep treatment of such leaves with an objective to reduce the cost of botanical fungicides and to control the harmful effects of synthetic fungicides. Topsin-M, a synthetic fungicide, was used as a reference compound to compare the results of fungicides from botanical sources than that of a traditionally available synthetic fungicide. Three different concentration of fungicide solutions (C1, C2 and C3), that were coated on the surface of seeds for different duration of time (8, 10 and 12h), were prepared. It was observed that the coating of seeds with fungicides, either botanical or synthetic, significantly improved the horticultural (germination %age and number of days required for germination) and pathological (fungi %age and number of contaminated seeds) parameters of rough lemon, as compare to control or non-coated seed samples. It is expected that the findings of this study will promote the use of botanicals as seed coating agent as they are readily available to famers and are also acceptable for the cultivation of organic crops.
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kobir, Md Shahriar, Md Hafijur Rahman, Pradip Hajong, and Md Harun-Or Rashid. "IN VITRO AND FIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOME SEED TREATING FUNGICIDAL GROUPS ON GERMINATION, DISEASE INCIDENCE AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF CHICKPEA (BARI Chola-10)." Acta Scientifica Malaysia 4, no. 1 (October 5, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2020.45.50.
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Low productivity of chickpea in Bangladesh is obtained due to different disease incidence and seed treatment by fungicides can minimize the disease severity. A laboratory and field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh to evaluate the effect of some seed treating fungicidal groups on germination, soil-borne as well as seed-borne disease incidence and yield contributing characters of chickpea (BARI Chola-10). In laboratory the experiment was conducted in CR design and in field condition the experiment was conducted in RCB design with three replications in both conditions. Five fungicides namely Provax 200 WP (Carboxin +Thiram), Secure 600 WG (Fenamidone + Mancozeb), Rovral 50 WP (Iprodione), Bavistin 50 WP (Carbendazim), Captan 50 WP along with control was maintained as experimental treatment. The fungicidal group treatments showed significant variation among the parameters except days to mature. The highest germination (92%), plumule length (31.22 mm), radicle length (12.26 mm), Vigor index (4015.5), Percent disease reduction over control (84%), plant height (63.67 cm), plants m- 2 (31), pods plant-1 (81), grain yield (2062.7 kg ha-1) and the lowest days to 50 % flowering (65), disease incidence (3.33%) was found when seeds were treated with fungicide Provax 200 WP (Carboxin +Thiram). To reduce the soil-borne as well as seed-borne disease incidence and to increase grain yield of chickpea, seed treatment with provax 200 WP should be followed.
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Kutcher, H. R., G. Lafond, A. M. Johnston, P. R. Miller, K. S. Gill, W. E. May, T. Hogg, E. Johnson, V. O. Biederbeck, and B. Nybo. "Rhizobium inoculant and seed-applied fungicide effects on field pea production." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-180.
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Field pea has been shown to benefit from the use of rhizobium inoculation and seed-applied fungicides under intensive production. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of seed- or soil-applied rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae) inoculants and seed-applied fungicides on field pea (Pisum sativum “Carneval”) production on fields with no previous history of the crop. The study was conducted at seven locations in Saskatchewan in each of 2 yr. Fungicide treatments were Apron FL (metalaxyl), Apron FL + Thiram 75WP (dithiocarbamate) and an untreated check in 1997 and a fourth treatment, Thiram 75WP, was added in 1998. Rhizobium treatments were seed-applied liquid inoculant, soil-applied granular inoculant and a non-inoculated check. Inoculation with rhizobium increased nodulation (5 of 10 sites), seed yield (6 of 13 sites), and protein content (3 of 8 sites), but occasionally appeared to reduce emergence (3 of 14 sites). Granular inoculant had more beneficial effects than the liquid inoculant. Fungicide treatments had few positive effects on production, and occasionally negative effects such as reduced emergence. Interaction effects were rare between seed-applied fungicide and seed-applied liquid or soil-applied granular rhizobium inoculants, which indicated compatibility of these products. Variability in the effects of inoculant types and fungicides suggests that responses are dependent on local soil and environmental conditions. Key words: Apron (metalaxyl), Thiram (dithiocarbamate), Pisum sativum, zero tillage
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Milus, E. A., and D. B. Chalkley. "Effect of Previous Crop, Seedborne Inoculum, and Fungicides on Development of Stagonospora Blotch." Plant Disease 81, no. 11 (November 1997): 1279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1279.
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Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of field inoculum, seedborne inoculum, and seed treatment and foliar fungicides on Stagonospora blotch development and to develop more effective management strategies. In 1995 and 1996, similar experiments were established in “infested” and “clean” fields using two seed lots of Coker 9543 (“low” and “high” levels of seed infection) and six seed or foliar fungicide treatments. Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed. Propiconazole alone was the least effective treatment. Planting in an infested field tended to negate the beneficial effects of low level of seed infection and fungicide seed treatments. Crop rotations and tillage that allow wheat debris to decompose before the next wheat crop along with difenoconazole or triadimenol seed treatment to reduce seedborne inoculum should be sufficient to avoid serious losses. In fields where wheat is grown every year, tillage and seed treatment would still be helpful, but a foliar fungicide at GS 8 may be necessary for adequate control. Applying an effective fungicide to seed appears to be a more efficient means of reducing seedborne inoculum than does producing seed with low levels of inoculum.
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Fritz, V. A., and C. J. Rosen. "Productivity of processing peas as influenced by nitrogen fertilization, Rhizobium inoculation, and fungicide seed treatment." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-177.
Full textAbstract:
A 3-yr field experiment determined the influence of nitrogen (N) rates (0, 23, 46 and 92 kg ha−1), rhizobial inoculation, and fungicide (captan and thiram) seed treatment on the productivity of processing peas (Pisum sativum L.). In 2 of the 3 yr, N rates up to 46 or 92 kg N ha−1 increased vine fresh weight, decreased nodulation and had no effect on seed yield. Seeds treated with fungicides or inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae had no effect on vine fresh weight or seed yield. Nodule dry weight was increased in 2 of 3 yr when seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium. Key words: Pisum sativum, nodulation, rhizobia, fungicides
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Kyei-Boahen, S., A. E. Slinkard, and F. L. Walley. "Rhizobial survival and nodulation of chickpea as influenced by fungicide seed treatment." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-038.
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The survival of Rhizobium ciceri on chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Myles) seed, treated separately with 1 of 4 commercial fungicides, i.e., Apron®, Arrest 75W®, Crown®, or Captan®, was examined under laboratory conditions using standard serial dilution and plate count techniques. The resulting effects of fungicideRhizobium interactions on nodulation, N2 fixation, and plant growth were assessed in a controlled environment. Fungicide treatment decreased the number of viable rhizobia on the seed. In general, the toxicity of the fungicides in terms of rhizobial viability increased in the following order: Control = Crown < Arrest = Apron < Captan. Although Crown had no effect on rhizobial viability assessed under laboratory conditions, it significantly reduced nodulation, percent N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa), and shoot dry matter. Seed treated with Arrest and Captan decreased nodule dry weight and %Ndfa, but only Arrest reduced dry matter yield. Apron had no effect on any of the parameters measured at the early pod-filling stage and was compatible with the chickpea inoculum used in this study.Key words: fungicides, Rhizobium ciceri, inoculation, nodulation, chickpea, Cicer arietinum.
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Hoppanová, Lucia, Veronika Medvecká, Juliana Dylíková, Daniela Hudecová, Barbora Kaliňáková, Svetlana Kryštofová, and Anna Zahoranová. "Low-temperature plasma applications in chemical fungicide treatment reduction." Acta Chimica Slovaca 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2020-0005.
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AbstractIn order to reduce the environmental burden of chemicals, various new alternatives to seed protection are being sought. Our aim was to find an environmentally acceptable solution leading to the inactivation of seed-borne phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium culmorum on the surface of wheat and barley seeds with a positive effect on their germination. As a low-temperature plasma (LTP) source, a Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge (DCSBD) was used. Plasma generated by DCSBD is non-equilibrium, cold, diffuse, macroscopically homogeneous even in ambient air at atmospheric pressure. Experimental results showed that LTP treatment in the range of 120—300 s significantly inhibits the growth of F. culmorum on the surface of the seeds. The efficiency of LTP treatment was compared with traditional seed protection processes using chemical fungicide and also with combined seed pretreatment by plasma and subsequent application of chemical fungicide. No growth of F. culmorum was observed after the combination of Vitavax 2000 fungicide application in the dose of 10 % and 60 s of LTP treatment even on the 5th day of incubation. Better wettability of seeds with the chemical fungicide was related to the change on seed surface, which becomes hydrophilic after 10 s of LTP application. Short LTP exposure times did not affect germination and improved the growth parameter of cereal seeds. By combining physical (LTP) and chemical (Vitavax 2000) treatments of cereal seeds, it is possible to effectively reduce the required amount of chemical fungicide and to stimulate germination and early growth seed parameters.
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Safni, Irda, Uci Utari, Maryani Cyccu Tobing, and Lisnawita Lisnawita. "The Control of Panicle Blight Bacterial Pathogen on Rice Seeds Through In Vitro Treatments." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.2542.2020.
Full textAbstract:
Burkholderia glumae is a seed-borne pathogen of rice known to cause bacterial panicle blight disease. The lack of effective control methods makes seed treatment the alternative management approach. The aim of this research was to determine an effective seed treatments technique, using liquid smoke, clove oil, hot water and copper hydroxide fungicide treatment against bacteria B. glumae. The experiment used a complete randomized design with five treatments and three replications, including control, liquid smoke, clove oil, hot water, and copper hydroxide fungicide. The results showed the propensity for all treatments to reduce bacterial populations on rice seeds, while liquid smoke, clove oil, and fungicide did not reduce vigour and viability. Application of copper hydroxide fungicide 77% at concentration of 5% was recommended as the best treatment to control the bacterial pathogen.
Keywords: Burkholderia glumae, clove oil, copper hydroxide fungicide, hot water, liquid smoke, rice
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Cvjetkovic, Branislav, Milan Mataruga, Vasilije Isajev, Jelena Levic, Aleksandar Lucic, Vojislav Trkulja, and Zeljka Kremenovic. "Variability in germination and germination dynamics of differently treated seeds of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika Pancic/Purkynĕ)." Genetika 45, no. 1 (2013): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1301109c.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic-physiological approach was used in the study of the quality of Serbian spruce seed (Picea omorika /Pancic/Purkyn?), collected in the populations on the left bank of the river Drina. The seed originated from the three populations that represent the overall ecological and productive conditions of Serbian spruce populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Two natural populations were selected: Veliki Stolac and Gostilj, and one planted forest population in Srebrenica. The cones were collected in late autumn 2009 and early spring 2010. They were collected from five trees from Srebrenica and Gostilj, and seven trees from Veliki Stolac. Immediately after they were collected, the cones and seeds were processed and germination tests were done. Germination, germination viability and germination dynamics were studied in three categories of seed treatment: 1) control unit (just processed seed), 2) seed stored for six months at 0-4 ?C, 3) seed stored for seven months at 0-4? C and treated with fungicide after five months of storing. The number of germinated seed was observed and noted on the third, fourth, fifth, seventh, tenth, fourteenth, twenty-first and twenty-eighth day. There were significant differences in germination dynamics at the population level and the level of treatment during the first couple of days of germination test. Fungicide (captan) acted as an inhibitor on seed germination process. The seeds originating from the largest population of Veliki Stolac showed the best response to storing treatment with fungicide related to germination dynamics. The seed originating from Srebrenica andkept at low temperatures 0-4 ?C without treatment with fungicides showed the best result in germination. Regardless of the presence of differences in the dynamics of germination, significant differences in germination regarding different treatments on the last day of the test, were not recorded.
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Kandel, Yuba R., Kiersten A. Wise, Carl A. Bradley, Martin I. Chilvers, Albert U. Tenuta, and Daren S. Mueller. "Fungicide and Cultivar Effects on Sudden Death Syndrome and Yield of Soybean." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (July 2016): 1339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-15-1263-re.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of fungicides on severity of sudden death syndrome (SDS; caused by Fusarium virguliforme), plant establishment, and soybean yield was evaluated in 12 field experiments conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Ontario in 2013 and 2014. Two soybean cultivars that differed in susceptibility to SDS were planted in fields with a history of SDS or with artificial augmentation of F. virguliforme. Efficacy of seed, in-furrow, and foliar-applied fungicides was assessed. SDS levels varied across locations and years. Fluopyram applied on the seed or in-furrow reduced foliar disease index maximum up to 95% in 5 of the 12 experiments. In three experiments with significant (P < 0.10) treatment effect, fluopyram seed treatment improved yields up to 11% compared with the base seed treatment comprising prothioconazole + penflufen + metalaxyl and clothianidin + Bacillus firmus. Meta-analysis also indicated that the fluopyram seed treatment and in-furrow application were effective at reducing SDS and increasing yield relative to the control; however, the baseline disease influenced the yield and disease response to fungicide treatments. Treatment effect was not significant when disease pressure was low. The concentration of F. virguliforme DNA in soybean roots, measured by a specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, was not different among fungicide treatments in 9 of 10 experiments. Moderately resistant cultivars had less disease than susceptible cultivars, indicating that resistant cultivars in combination with fluopyram seed treatment or in-furrow application could provide effective management of SDS.
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Parera, Carlos A., and Daniel J. Cantliffe. "Enhanced Emergence and Seedling Vigor in shrunken-2 Sweet Corn via Seed Disinfection and Solid Matrix Priming." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 3 (May 1992): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.3.400.
Full textAbstract:
Presowing seed treatments were devised to improve emergence and crop uniformity of two sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars [`Crisp N' Sweet 711' (CNS-711) and `How Sweet It Is' (HSII)] that carry shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant endosperm. The treatments included a fungicide combination, sodium hypochlorite (SH), solid matrix priming (SMP), and SMP combined with SH during treatment (SMPSH). Seed germination was tested in a laboratory cold test. Emergence percentage, emergence rate index (ERI), and seedling dry weight were calculated from field trials. CNS-711, in the cold test and field trials, had a higher germination rate, ERI, final emergence, and seedling dry weight than HSII. In both cultivars, SMPSH significantly improved germination in the cold test and final emergence and ERI in the field trials for HSII compared to nontreated seeds. There was no significant difference between the fungicide and SMPSH treatments regardless of cultivar. These results suggest that the combination of SMP and disinfection with SH can be an alternative seed treatment to fungicides to improve uniformity and stand establishment in sh2 sweet corns.
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Inglis, D. A., M. L. Powelson, and A. E. Dorrance. "Effect of Registered Potato Seed Piece Fungicides on Tuber-borne Phytophthora infestans." Plant Disease 83, no. 3 (March 1999): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.3.229.
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Curative applications of thiophanate-methyl + mancozeb to blighted seed pieces of three potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars significantly reduced the amount of surface area colonized by Phytophthora infestans compared with treatment with thiophanate-methyl or no fungicide under laboratory conditions. Percent blighted tuber surface area over six tests averaged 3.5, 11.4, and 21.2% for the three treatments, respectively. Seed pieces inoculated with P. infestans US-8 or US-11 incubated, and then treated with the same fungicides and planted at Oregon and Washington field sites, respectively, had higher emergence across locations for thiophanate-methyl + mancozeb than for thiophanate-methyl (30 versus 12.5%). Emergence of healthy thiophanate-methyl + mancozeb-treated seed pieces averaged 93%. When protective applications of these fungicides, mancozeb, or fludioxinil were made to healthy potato seed pieces prior to inoculation with P. infestans, plant emergence in the greenhouse was significantly increased with thiophanate-methyl + mancozeb compared with fludioxinil (92 versus 36%) in Oregon and with thiophanate-methyl or fludioxinil (90 versus 20 and 24%) in Washington. Inoculation of healthy seed pieces reduced plant stand in all greenhouse tests; however, treatment with thiophanate-methyl + mancozeb or mancozeb alone prior to inoculation resulted in sprout emergence similar to that of the noninoculated control. In a late blight management program, treatment of seed pieces with a registered fungicide that has activity against P. infestans contributes to an increase in plant emergence and improved crop uniformity. However, for maximum benefit, the fungicide must be in place before coming in contact with the pathogen.
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Bradley, C. A. "Effect of Fungicide Seed Treatments on Stand Establishment, Seedling Disease, and Yield of Soybean in North Dakota." Plant Disease 92, no. 1 (January 2008): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-1-0120.
Full textAbstract:
Seedling diseases of soybean (Glycine max) can be common under cool and moist soil conditions and may be caused by a complex of pathogens in North Dakota. Managing these diseases can be difficult due to wide host ranges of the pathogens and lack of resistant cultivars. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of three different fungicide seed treatments and an untreated control on soybean at six locations in 2003 and eight locations in 2004 in North Dakota, for a total of 14 environments. The fungicides evaluated were fludioxonil + mefenoxam (Warden RTA), azoxystrobin + metalaxyl (SoyGard), and Bacillus pumilus GB34 (Yield Shield). Significant (P ≤ 0.05) environment–seed treatment interactions were observed, indicating that environment played a role in when benefits from seed treatments were observed. At least one of the fungicide seed treatments provided significant protection against plant stand and yield losses compared with the untreated control in 4 of the 12 environments where plant stand was measured and 4 of the 14 environments where yield was measured. Root lesions were reduced significantly by at least one of the fungicide seed treatments compared with the untreated control in 5 of the 11 environments where root lesions were evaluated. Yield and economic benefits with fungicide seed treatments were observed more often in environments that had low soil temperatures at planting (<15°C) and moist soil conditions. Based on this research, fungicide seed treatments may be a viable option for soybean growers in North Dakota when planting into cool and moist soil conditions.
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Stančić, Ivica, Saša Petrović, Jelica Živić, and Desimir Knežević. "Effect of Interaction of Fungicides on Pathological Changes of Sugar Beet Seedlings." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 15, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agrsr1404375s.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of different fungicides on the pathological changes of seedlings of the sugar beet Nesvisky 2 variety was analyzed in this paper. The investigation included four size fractions of sugar beet seed (3.25 to 3.50 mm, 3.50-3.75 mm, 3.75-4.00 mm; 4.00 to 4.25 mm) treated with various fungicides. The following seed treatment variants were analyzed: I – water washing out – control, II - treated with Royal Flo fungicide, III - treated with a combination of Royal Flo and Tachigaren fungicides and IV - treated with Royal Flo fungicide, coated and then Tachigaren was applied on dry pilled seed. The average germination energy ranged from 56.7 % in the variant III to 90.6 % in the variant II. Total germination of the tested seed fractions and treatments ranged from 66.2 % in the variant III to 93.4 % in the variant II. The analysis of the incidence of abnormal and diseased seedlings, as well as non-germinated seed, indicates pathological changes caused by the interaction of the aforementioned fungicides. The negative effect of the combination of fungicides is different, and it depends on the thickness of corky seed layer and coating mass layer, which have a role in reducing the direct negative effects of fungicides on germs.
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Cereza, Tiago Viegas, Filipe Selau Carlos, Claudio Ogoshi, Flavia Miyuki Tomita, Gustavo Campos Soares, and André da Rosa Ulguim. "Antagonism between fungicide-insecticide treatments and dietholate in irrigated rice seeds." Journal of Seed Science 41, no. 1 (January 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n1190631.
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Abstract: The plant safener dietholate can be used for seed treatments (ST) to improve the selectivity of clomazone in rice cultures, thus allowing the application of higher dosages of this herbicide. The objective of this research was to evaluate the interaction between seed fungicide-insecticide treatments with and the plant safener dietholate in irrigated rice. Three experiments were carried out, and the first of them was conducted in a laboratory, following a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Different ST and treatment-to-sowing intervals were evaluated. The second and third experiments were performed in field conditions, in a completely randomized block design with four replications. In experiment two, seeds were treated with different fungicides, in association or not with dietholate; while in experiment three, the effect of the ST with fungicides and dietholate with clomazone application were assessed. The results evidenced that the association between carboxin + thiram + dietholate reduced seed germination, vigor, and the dry mass of shoot of rice plants. The longer it takes between ST and sowing, the more rice seed germination is negatively affected. The association between fungicides and dietholate may have been antagonistic, and thus interfered with the culture growth potential.
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Miller, M. R., R. C. Scott, G. Lorenz, J. Hardke, and J. K. Norsworthy. "Effect of Insecticide Seed Treatment on Safening Rice from Reduced Rates of Glyphosate and Imazethapyr." International Journal of Agronomy 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7623743.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effect of insecticide seed treatments on exposure of young conventional rice to reduced rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr. During the two-year study, “Roy J” rice seed was treated with CruiserMaxx® Rice, thiamethoxam plus fungicide, or a fungicide-only treatment. Subsequently, glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax®) at 39.42, 78.76, or 157.54 g ae/ha or imazethapyr (Newpath®) at 4.39, 8.74, or 17.49 g ai/ha was applied at the 2- to 3-leaf growth stage of rice. Results in 2013 indicated that rice plants from seed treated with CruiserMaxx Rice exhibited significantly less injury 1, 3, and 6 weeks after either imazethapyr or glyphosate was applied in comparison to the plants having fungicide-only treated seed. The addition of an insecticide seed treatment also resulted in higher yields when both herbicides were applied compared to the fungicide-only seed treatment receiving the same herbicide treatments. In 2014, an overall decrease in injury from both herbicides was observed when rice seed was treated with CruiserMaxx Rice compared to receiving a fungicide-only seed treatment. Significant yield loss from low rates of glyphosate or imazethapyr was not observed in 2014, with or without a seed treatment. Based on the positive effects observed from the CruiserMaxx Rice seed treatment in reducing injury and maintaining rice yields, the insecticide seed treatment appears to provide some safening to rice against low rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr.
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Dorrance, A. E., and S. A. McClure. "Beneficial Effects of Fungicide Seed Treatments for Soybean Cultivars with Partial Resistance to Phytophthora sojae." Plant Disease 85, no. 10 (October 2001): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.10.1063.
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Phytophthora sojae is a yield-limiting soybean pathogen in areas where soils remain saturated for long periods of time. P. sojae has been successfully managed with single dominant resistance genes (Rps genes). The proportion of fields with populations of P. sojae capable of causing susceptible interactions with many of the Rps genes has increased in number. The fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam have been used both as in-furrow and seed treatments to provide protection against damping-off caused by P. sojae. To determine the plant age when partial resistance and Rps genes are effective against P. sojae, we evaluated a greenhouse assay in which soybean seeds were planted and inoculated with a zoospore suspension to compare the disease reaction of soybean seeds and seedlings. Efficacy of different fungicide rates also was evaluated using the cultivar with partial resistance with this inoculation technique. Seeds and seedlings of a cultivar with high levels of partial resistance were susceptible to infection by P. sojae while those of a cultivar with an Rps gene were resistant. For the cultivar with partial resistance, reductions in percent emergence and the number of damped-off seedlings were significantly higher for plants inoculated at the day of planting compared to inoculations of plants with unifoliates present (5 days after planting). Results also indicate that fungicide seed treatment on cultivars with partial resistance may be beneficial when the environmental conditions that favor P. sojae infections occur prior to soybean emergence. This greenhouse assay appears to be useful in examining overall fungicide efficacy; however, it did not detect consistent and quantifiable differences in rates of seed treatment fungicides.
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Hassan, MM, S. Hossain, MM Rahman, and S. Mahmud. "Effect of Trichoderma and fungicide on seedling establishment and yield performance of dry direct seeded boro rice." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 14, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v14i1.30594.
Full textAbstract:
Poor seedling establishment and seedling mortality is the major barrier to optimum stand establishment in dry direct seeded boro rice. Experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during January to June 2013 to study the effect of Trichoderma and fungicide application on seedling establishment and yield performance of dry direct seeded Boro rice. The experiment comprised ten treatment combinations of Trichoderma and fungicides viz. seed treatment with Trichoderma (M1), seed treatment with Trichoderma+spraying of Thiovit (M2), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Propiconazole (M3), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M4), spraying of Thiovit (M5), spraying of Propiconazole (M6), seed treatment with Thiovit + spraying of Propiconazole (M7), seed treatment with Propiconazole + spraying of Thiovit (M8), spraying of mixture of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M9), and control (no fungicide or Trichoderma ) (M10).The experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experiment revealed that seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum followed by spraying of Thiovit gave the highest yield of rice. The study concludes that Trichoderma and then application of sulphur fungicide at 20 days after sowing could be practiced for ensuring high seedling establishment and yield of rice under dry direct seeded system in boro season.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 37-42, June 2016
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Silva, Tanismare Tatiana de Almeida, Renato Mendes Guimarães, Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho, and Luciana Aparecida de Souza Abreu. "Storage of 'Swingle' citrumelo seeds in different maturation stages subjected to fungicide treatment." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 33, no. 4 (2011): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222011000400019.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of citrus orchards with rootstocks from seed with a low physiological quality has been a recurring problem. Low quality seeds directly affect both the final stand and the time required for seedling production. The irregular maturation of fruits, seed recalcitrance, and the high incidence of fungi, make long term storage difficult, even at low temperatures. This study evaluated the storage potential and the use of fungicide treatments on 'Swingle' citrumelo seeds extracted from fruits collected at two maturation stages, green or ripe. The seeds were subjected to a thermal treatment, treated with Derosal, Thiram or Tecto+Captan fungicides, packaged in impermeable polyethylene bags and stored in a cold chamber for nine months. Every three months, the physiological and sanitary qualities of the seeds were evaluated from germination and sanitary tests and also from enzyme profiles. Seeds from green fruits deteriorated less than those from mature fruits; deterioration increased up to nine months of storage; treatment with the Tecto+Captan mixture gave effective pathogen control and maintained seed quality during storage. The germination of the green and ripe seeds is satisfactory (70%) after three months storage.
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Oliveira, Vinícius Almeida, Lorenxo Paradiso Martins, Rogério Cavalcante Gonçalves, Luíz Paulo Figueredo Benício, Daniella Lima da Costa, and Juliane Ludwing. "Use of seed treatment with fungicide in control of colletotrichum truncatum and physiological quality of soybean seeds glycine max." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2013): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v4n2.oliveira.
Full textAbstract:
The fungus are the main microorganisms present in seeds, is the main cause of deterioration and loss in production. The anthracnose caused by C. truncatum associated with soybean seeds as has main vehicle for introduction into the planting areas can be detected in all stages of crop development, from the cotyledons to the end of the cycle, being present in the stems, veins, leaflets and pods. Thus aimed to evaluate the influence of using different products fungicides as seed treatment, where the seeds were inoculated with the pathogenic fungus and treated with the chemicals They take Carbedazim + Fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M and carboxin + thiram. For each fungicide product was two tramentos done using the doses recommended by the manufacturer and 75% of dose. We evaluated health, germination and promote plant (Plant growth, fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot). This work concludes that the use of fungicide controls significantly seeds infected with C. truncatum and presents a significant improvement as the development of structures seedling.
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Nowicki, Bogdan. "Root parsley protection against damping off." Acta Agrobotanica 55, no. 1 (2013): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2002.024.
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Seed treatment ofroot parsley was done to protect <i>Petroselinum santivum</i> seedlings against damping off. Fungicides used as seed dressers were applied in 3 doses: 3, 5 and 10 g/kg. Seeds were treated with 7 dressers (Table l) used separately and in mixture with 3 g/kg of Rovral 50 WP (50% iprodione) and 1 g/kg of Apron 35 SD (35% metalaxyl). Two seed samples of Berlińska cultivar were used: first sample was strongly infected by <i>Alternaria petroselini</i> and <i>A.radicina</i> both 27,6% and also by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. 5,4% (Test I), and second sample revealed lower percentage of infection 4,6% and 1,2%, respectively (Test II). The experiments were conducted under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. Complete seedlings protection in all experiments was achieved for treatments when fungicide mixture was used in the highest dose (10 g/kg). Decrease of fungicides concentrations were connected with lower effectiveness of disease control. No phytotoxic effects of the tested fungicide mixtures were observed under the glasshouse or field conditions.
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Lacerda, Vander Rocha, Diemesson San Tiago Mendes, Fernando da Silva Rocha, Maria de Fátima Gonçalves Fernandes, Paulo Sergio Nascimento Lopes, Nody Civil, and Hugo Cesar Rodrigues Moreira Catão. "Health quality and germination of Butia capitata seeds treated with bactericide and fungicide." Summa Phytopathologica 42, no. 4 (December 2016): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/2128.
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ABSTRACT Propagation of “coquinho-azedo” (Butia capitata) is limited due to dormancy and high incidence of fungi in its seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating “coquinho-azedo” seeds with different concentrations of bactericide and/or fungicide on the incidence of fungi and on the germination of seeds. Thus, B. capitata seeds were immersed in four doses of the bactericide kasugamycin (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mL/L) and/or in four concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim+ thiram (0, 2.92, 5.84 e 8.75 mL/Kg), totaling 16 treatments. After the treatments, the operculum was removed from the seeds, which were placed on trays containing autoclaved sand, covered with transparent plastic film and kept in the nursery. In the germination test, treatments were distributed in randomized block design, factorial arrangement of 4x4 (bactericidal doses x fungicide doses), with four replicates of 50 seeds per plot. For the test of seed health quality, the Blotter test was employed in completely randomized design, using 20 replicates and 10 seeds. Health quality and germination were evaluated at 15 and 40 days after the treatment of seeds, respectively. There was no interaction between the bactericide and the fungicide on germination and control of fungi associated with seeds. However, there was an effect of fungicide concentrations on the evaluated parameters. We observed a negative correlation between the concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim + thiram and fungal incidence, and a positive correlation between the fungicide concentrations and seed germination. Therefore, fungicide treatment reduces the fungal incidence and provides better germination of B. capitata seeds.
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Matos, Christiano de Sousa Machado de, Ellen Noly Barrocas, José da Cruz Machado, and Francisco Cardoso Alves. "Health and physiological quality of corn seeds treated with fungicides and assessed during storage." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 1 (2013): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000100001.
Full textAbstract:
At post-harvest period, quality of corn seeds may be influenced by several important factors such as: presence of harmful microorganisms, chemical treatments, host species genotype and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of corn seeds, hybrids 2B 688 and 2B 710, with high incidence of fungus Fusarium verticillioides and treated with mixtures of fungicides thiophanate-methyl + pyraclostrobin (50 mL a.i .100 kg-1 of seeds) and carbendazim + thiram + micronutrients (100 mL a.i .100 kg-1 of seeds) during six months storage. Performance assessments of seeds were carried out at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days storage. The incidence of F. verticillioides, as well as physiological quality, germination, vigor, stand of plants, emergence speed index, and dry matter weight were assessed. It has been verified that seed treatment with fungicide mixtures was efficient for ensuring seed physiological quality of both genotypes and to reduce incidence of F. verticillioides on treated seeds. By contrast, analysis between treatments with fungicides, within each period assessed and each treatment as compared to control along storage period was verified clear benefits on emergence of seeds after treatment with fungicides.
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You, Ming Pei, Jay Ram Lamichhane, Jean-Noël Aubertot, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Understanding Why Effective Fungicides Against Individual Soilborne Pathogens Are Ineffective with Soilborne Pathogen Complexes." Plant Disease 104, no. 3 (March 2020): 904–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-19-1252-re.
Full textAbstract:
Annual forage legumes across southern Australia continue to be devastated by soilborne diseases. Nine fungicide seed treatments (thiram, metalaxyl, iprodione, phosphonic acid, propamocarb, fluquinconazole, difenoconazole + metalaxyl, ipconazole + metalaxyl, sedaxane + difenoconazole + metalaxyl) and four foliar fungicide treatments (phosphonic acid, metalaxyl, propamocarb, iprodione) were tested on four subterranean clover cultivars against individual oomycete soilborne pathogens Pythium irregulare, Aphanomyces trifolii, and Phytophthora clandestina and the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Best treatments were then further tested across southern Australia in 2 years of field experiments. Under controlled conditions, seed treatment with thiram was best against damping-off caused by P. irregulare across the four cultivars (Woogenellup, Riverina, Seaton Park, Meteora), while metalaxyl was the most effective for maximizing root and shoot weights. Against A. trifolii, metalaxyl, iprodione, difenoconazole + metalaxyl, ipconazole + metalaxyl, and sedaxane + difenoconazole + metalaxyl, all reduced damping-off; sedaxane + difenoconazole + metalaxyl, fluquinconazole, and ipconazole + metalaxyl all reduced lateral root disease across two or more cultivars; while iprodione, thiram, and sedaxane + difenoconazole + metalaxyl increased shoot dry weight. Against P. clandestina, metalaxyl was the most effective in reducing tap and lateral root rot followed by ipconazole + metalaxyl or phosphonic acid for tap and lateral rot, respectively. Against R. solani, there were no effects of fungicides. For P. irregulare and P. clandestina, there were strong seed fungicide × cultivar interactions (P < 0.001). Under controlled conditions for foliar fungicide spray treatments, phosphonic acid was best at preventing productivity losses from A. trifolii, but was ineffective against P. clandestina, P. irregulare, or R. solani. Overall, controlled environment studies highlighted strong potential for utilizing seed treatments against individual pathogens to ensure seedling emergence and early survival, with seed and foliar sprays enhancing productivity by reducing seedling damping-off and root disease from individual pathogens. However, in field experiments over 2 years across southern Australia against naturally occurring soilborne pathogen complexes involving these same pathogens, only rarely did fungicide seed treatments or foliar sprays tested show any benefit. It is evident that currently available fungicide seed and/or foliar spray treatment options do not offer effective field mitigation of damping-off and root disease on annual forage legumes that underpin livestock production across southern Australia. The main reason for this failure relates to the unpredictable and ever-changing soilborne pathogen complexes involved, highlighting a need to now refocus away from fungicide options, particularly toward developing and deploying new host tolerances, but also in deploying appropriate cultural control options.
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Sukut, Füsun, and Nagehan Desen Köycü. "Effects of Triazole and Strobilurin-Based Fungicides on Fusarium culmorum on Wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p16.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium culmorum is an important pathogen, that causes pre and post-emergence death in seedlings from both seed and soil-borne sources, in addition to causing root, crown root and wheat head infections on wheat. Treatment of seeds with fungicides is especially important to inhibit seed originated seedling infections when cultural methods are ineffective against the infection of the pathogen in root and crown root and the lack of completely resistant wheat cultivars against this pathogen. The efficiency of fungicides with prothioconazole + tebuconazole and triticonazole + pyraclostrobin active ingredients, licensed on Fusarium spp. in seeds, on seed originated seedling infections of F. culmorum is determined in vitro and in vivo conditions. Seeds of Flamura-85 bread wheat cultivar, naturally infected with F. culmorum S-14, were used in this study. The effect of treating seeds naturally infected with F. culmorum S-14 with fungicides on seed germination, root length, coleoptile length and disease severity was determined in the experiment in vitro. Germination rate of the seed was determined as 68% for triticonazole + pyraclostrobin and 43% for prothioconazole + tebuconazole, while disease severity was 42.70% and 61.30%, respectively. While both fungicides were determined to be effective on the disease severity, the effect of triticonazole + pyraclostrobin on disease severity was found to be higher than prothioconazole + tebuconazole. Because of the higher rate of effectiveness of triticonazole + pyraclostrobin to prevent seed-borne infections in vitro conditions, it was determined that the fungicide causes an increase in germination rate with wet and dry weight of the seed, while significantly decreasing the disease severity, in the tests to determine the effectiveness of the fungicide in vivo conditions.
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Zampar Toledo, Mariana, Daniel Junior Bilck, and Cleiton Banhara Machado. "Late harvest and chemical treatment of cowpea seeds." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 17, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n1.a417.
Full textAbstract:
Reduced quality ofcowpea due to late harvest and therefore pathogen incidence may influence the results of the germination test, whenever losses are associated with the agentsadhered to seed coat;in that context, chemical treatmentof seeds during the evaluations may reflect more accurately physiological quality of the samples, which in turn may assurethe emergence results of healthy seedlings and establishment of appropriate plant populations inthe field. This study had the objective ofevaluating the effects of fungicide treatment on minimizing physiological quality losses of cowpea seedsdue to lateharvestin germination and seedling development tests. The experimental design was the completely randomized with four replications. Treatments consisted of cowpea, cultivar BRS Guariba, harvested at different times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after physiological maturity)andtreated or not with fungicide carboxim+thiramfor seed quality tests. Seeds were initially characterized by seed moisture and mass. Afterwards, sampleswere evaluated by tests ofgermination percentage, germination first count, seedling length and dry matter. Data was submitted to variance analysisand means were analyzed as a 2x6 factorial. Means from chemical treatment and harvest times were compared by the Tukey test and regression analysis (p≤0.05), respectively, with subsequent unfolding of any significant interactions. Delayed harvest of cowpea seeds sharply reduces germination and vigor; fungicide treatment before performing physiological tests enables to establish thatseed quality losses can bein part caused by pathogen vehiculationonthe seed coat.
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Glenn, D. L., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. "Control of Seed Transmission of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in Peanut with Seed Treatment Fungicides." Peanut Science 30, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/pnut.30.2.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Seeds of peanut cultivars VA 98R and NC-V11 with speckled testae were treated with fungicide and assayed on a selective medium to determine the viability of Cylindrocladium parasiticum. The fungus was isolated from 78 and 90% of the untreated speckled seed of the respective cultivars. Seed treatment with captan + pcnb + carboxin, fludioxonil, captan, and thiophanate methyl significantly reduced recovery of the pathogen in both cultivars. Speckled seed of VA 98R and NC-V11 were treated with fungicides and planted in greenhouse and/or field trials in Suffolk, VA. Plants became infected with C. parasiticum after treated and untreated speckled seed were planted in steam-treated soil in the greenhouse. In one trial, seed treatment with fludioxonil, tebuconazole, and LS 176 significantly reduced taproot colonization by C. parasiticum compared to the untreated check. In a second greenhouse trial, only fludioxonil provided significant suppression of disease. In the field, treatment with fludioxonil, thiram, and tebuconazole significantly lowered Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) incidence compared to the untreated check. Thiram significantly reduced taproot colonization compared to all treatments except fludioxonil. Based on the present study, the addition of thiram and/or fludioxonil to the standard treatment of captan + pcnb + carboxin may offer the best protection against seed transmission of C. parasiticum.
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Hartz, T. K., and J. Caprile. "Germination of sh2 Sweet Corn following Seed Disinfestation, Solid-matrix Priming, and Microbial Seed Treatment." HortScience 30, no. 7 (December 1995): 1400–1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.7.1400.
Full textAbstract:
Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars carrying the sh2 mutation show poor seed vigor under stressful field conditions, requiring higher seeding rates to ensure stand establishment. The effects of sodium hypochlorite seed disinfestation, solid matrix priming (SMP), and seed-coating with Gliocladium virens Miller, Giddens & Foster to enhance emergence of sh2 sweet corn in controlled-environment cold stress tests and field trials were investigated. In combination with a chemical fungicide seed treatment (captan, thiram, imazalil, and metalaxyl), SMP significantly improved the percentage and rate of seedling emergence of `Excel' and `Supersweet Jubilee' in a cold stress test (in soil for 7 days at 10C, then 15C until emergence) but was inconsistent under field conditions, improving emergence in only one of four field trials. Sodium hypochlorite disinfestation was ineffective. Compared to a film-coated control, coating seeds with G. virens strain G-6 was highly effective in increasing emergence in two of three cultivars tested in cold stress tests in two soils, while strain G-4 was generally ineffective. In field trials, G-6 treatment significantly increased emergence over that of nontreated seed but was inferior to conventional fungicide treatment and conferred no additional benefit in combination with fungicide treatment. Overall, no seed treatment evaluated was an economically viable alternative for or supplement to chemical fungicide treatment. Chemical names used: cis-N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (captan); tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide (thiram); 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (imazalil); N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl).
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Ballinger, DJ, PA Salisbury, JI Dennis, JF Kollmorgen, and TD Potter. "Evaluation of fungicides, applied at sowing, for control of blackleg in rapeseed." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 4 (1988): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880511.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of 4 fungicides, applied at sowing, on the severity of blackleg disease of rapeseed were studied in the field. The systemic triazole fungicide flutriafol, coated on superphosphate fertiliser and applied as an in-furrow treatment at 250 g a.i./ha, was the most effective treatment and gave appreciable disease control and markedly increased yields. The fertiliser treatment was much more effective than a fungicide-coated sand granule treatment (also at 250 g a.i./ha). When applied as fertiliser, triadimefon (250 g a.i./ha) and procymidone (2.5 kg a.i./ha) were much less effective than flutriafol (250 g a.i./ha). When applied as granules flutriafol (2 kg a.i./ha) gave the best control of disease, and increased yields over the nil fungicide treatment (4.4 v. 3.41 t/ha, P<0.05). Triadimefon (2 kg a.i./ha) was less effective than flutriafol and diniconazole (2 kg a.i./ha) had no effect on disease. Seed dressings of the 4 fungicides were phytotoxic, and had little effect on blackleg.
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Ajayi-Oyetunde, Olutoyosi O., Carolyn J. Butts-Wilmsmeyer, and Carl A. Bradley. "Sensitivity ofRhizoctonia solanito Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor and Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides." Plant Disease 101, no. 3 (March 2017): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-16-1015-re.
Full textAbstract:
Soybean seedling diseases are caused by Rhizoctonia solani and can be managed with seed-applied fungicides that belong to different chemistry classes. To provide a benchmark for assessing a decline in sensitivities to these fungicide classes, R. solani isolates collected prior to 2001 were evaluated for their sensitivities to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) (penflufen and sedaxane) and demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides (ipconazole and prothioconazole). The effective concentration of each fungicide that reduced mycelial growth by 50% (EC50) was determined in vitro and compared with those of isolates recovered after 2011 from soybean plants with damping off and hypocotyl and root rot symptoms across different soybean-growing regions in the United States and Canada. All isolates, regardless of collection date, were extremely sensitive (EC50< 1 μg/ml) to the SDHI fungicides but were either extremely sensitive or moderately sensitive (1 ≤ EC50≤ 10 μg/ml) to the DMI fungicides. For all four active ingredients, variation in sensitivities was observed within and among the different anastomosis groups composing both isolate groups. Isolates collected after 2011, which also had varying in vitro sensitivities, were further evaluated for in vivo sensitivity to the four fungicides in the greenhouse. In vitro fungicide sensitivity did not always coincide with fungicide efficacy in vivo because all isolates tested, regardless of in vitro sensitivity, were effectively controlled by the application of the seed treatment fungicides in the greenhouse. Overall, our results indicate no shift in sensitivity to the fungicide classes evaluated, although considerable variability in the sensitivities of the two groups of isolates examined was present. Based on this research, continued monitoring of fungicide sensitivities of R. solani populations should occur to determine whether sensitivities become further reduced in the future.