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1
Gao, Junpeng, Yuhua Li, Kai Zhou, Yanqiang Wu, and Jialin Hou. "Design and Optimization of a Machine-Vision-Based Complementary Seeding Device for Tray-Type Green Onion Seedling Machines." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (2022): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092180.
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Green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is mainly available as factory-produced seedlings. Although factory seedling production is highly automated, miss-seeding during the seeding process considerably affects subsequent transplanting and the final yield. To solve the problem of miss-seeding, the current main method is manual complementary seeding, which is labor-intensive and inefficient work. In this study, an automatic machine-vision-based complementary seeding device was proposed to reduce the miss-seeding rate and as a replacement of manual complementary seeding. The device performs several main functions, including the identification of miss-seeding holes, control of seed case movement, and the seed uptake and release from the seed suction nozzle array. A majority-mechanism-based miss-seeding tray hole rapid-detection method was proposed to enable the real-time identification of miss-seeding tray holes in the tray under high-speed moving conditions. The structural parameters of the vacuum-generated seed suction nozzle were optimized through numerical simulations and orthogonal experiments, and the seed suction nozzle array and seed case were produced using 3D-printing technology. Finally, the complementary seeding device was installed on the tray-type green onion seeding machine and the effectiveness of the complementary seeding was confirmed by experiments. The results revealed that the average values of the precision, recall, and F1 scores for identifying miss-seeding tray holes were 98.48%, 97.00%, and 97.73%, respectively. The results revealed that the rate of miss-seeding tray holes decreased from 5.37% to 0.89% after complementary seeding.
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Chen, Jin, Jin Chen, Zhiqiao Zhang, et al. "Research on Following Suction and Discharging Motion Control Method of Vacuum-vibration Precision Seeding Manipulator." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 38, no. 6 (2022): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15234.
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Highlights The following suction and discharging motion control model is established. The seeding efficiency is about 600 trays/h, and the seeding qualified rate is 94.70%. The following suction and discharging motion control method developed based on this model can be applied to the sowing link of the vacuum-vibration precision seeder. Abstract. With the promotion of super hybrid rice, the requirements for the working performance of rice seeding equipment in industrialized seedling cultivation are gradually improved. According to the circular motion characteristics of the suction plate, the following suction and discharging motion control method of the seeding manipulator was proposed. The control model between suction height and seed layer thickness was established by combining theory with practice. It was used to control the suction height to automatically change with the seed layer thickness and realize the following suction. The motion state of the seedling tray is obtained by image processing, and the suction plate is controlled to synchronize with the assembly line seedling tray to realize the following discharging. The vacuum-vibration precision seeding platform was set up to carry out the following suction and discharging experiment. The results show that when the vibration frequency of the vibration seed plate was 11 Hz, the vibration amplitude was 5mm, the suction negative pressure was 4.5 kPa, and the seed layer thickness was 12 ~ 20 mm, the following suction motion control model could maintain the suction rate above 96.5%. When the velocity of the assembly line was -0.12m/s and the time interval was 6 s, the seeding efficiency was about 600 trays/h, the seeding qualified rate was 94.70%, the reseeding rate and hole rate were 2.77% and 2.53%. Under the condition of satisfying the higher qualified rate of sowing, it can effectively improve the sowing efficiency of the vacuum-vibration precision seeder, and provide a reference for the factory and intelligent development of super rice seedling raising sowing technology. Keywords: Following suction and discharging, Motion control, Seeding manipulator, Vacuum-vibration.
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Gao, Lulu, Jinqiang Bai, Jingyao Xu, et al. "Detection of Miss-Seeding of Sweet Corn in a Plug Tray Using a Residual Attention Network." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412604.
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With the promotion of artificial intelligence in agriculture and the popularization of plug tray seedling-raising technology, seedling raising and transplanting have become the most popular planting modes. Miss-seeding is one of the most serious problems affecting seedling raising and transplanting. It not only affects the germination rate of seeds but also reduces the utilization rate of the plug tray. The experimental analysis of traditional machine vision-based miss-seeding showed that because of uneven lighting, the plug tray was wrongly identified as a seed under bright light, but the seeds in the dark were not easy to identify. When using the seeding area to identify seeds and noise, sweet corn seeds in a small area can be easily screened out. This paper proposes a method using the ResNet network with an attention mechanism to solve the above-mentioned problems. In this paper, the captured image was segmented into the images of a single plug tray, and a residual attention network was built; the detection scheme of miss-seeding was also converted into a dichotomous picture recognition task. This paper demonstrates that the residual attention network can effectively recognize and detect the seed images of sweet corn with very high accuracy. The results of the experiment showed that the average accuracy of this recognition model was 98%. The feature visualization method was used to analyze the features, further proving the effectiveness of the classification method of plug tray seedlings.
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Jankauskienė, Julė, and Kristina Laužikė. "Effect of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Seedling Age and Cultivation Method on Seedling Quality, Photosynthetic Parameters and Productivity." Agronomy 13, no. 9 (2023): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092255.
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The age of seedlings affects not only the quality of the seedlings but also the yield. The age of seedlings of sweet peppers grown in a greenhouse and their cultivation method has been little studied. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the effect of agrotechnological tools (direct seeding or transplanting) on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling quality and crop yield. The research was carried out in a greenhouse covered with double polymeric film at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. Two factors were investigated: seedling establishment method (direct seeding and transplanting) and their different age (60, 50, and 40 days). The 60-day-old seedlings (both sown directly and grown by transplanting) were taller, and had more leaves, a larger leaf area, and a thicker stem, than the 50- and 40-day-old seedlings. The highest content of dry matter was found in the leaves of 60-day-old seedlings that were grown by transplanting. The chlorophyll index was also highest in the leaves of these seedlings. The highest photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, transpiration rate) were found in the leaves of 40-day-old seedlings (both sown directly and grown by transplanting). Higher yields were demonstrated in sweet peppers whose seedlings were planted in the greenhouse at the age of 60 days and which were sown directly in cups.
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Leverkus, Alexandro B., Laura Levy, Enrique Andivia, et al. "Restoring oak forests through direct seeding or planting: Protocol for a continental-scale experiment." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0259552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259552.
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The choice of revegetating via direct seeding or planting nursery-grown seedlings influences the potential stresses suffered by seedlings such as herbivory and drought. The outcome of the balance between both revegetation methods may ultimately depend on how species identity and traits such as seed and seedling size interact with environmental conditions. To test this, we will conduct a continental-scale experiment consisting of one mini-experiment replicated by multiple participants across Europe. Each participant will establish a site with seeded and planted individuals of one or more native, locally growing oak (Quercus) species; the selection of this genus aims to favour continental-scale participation and to allow testing the response of a widely distributed genus of broad ecological and economic relevance. At each site, participants will follow the present protocol for seed collection, seeding in the field, nursery cultivation, outplanting, protection against herbivores, site maintenance, and measurement of seedling performance and environmental variables. Each measurement on each species at each site will produce one effect size; the data will be analysed through mixed-effects meta-analysis. With this approach we will assess the main effect of revegetation method, species, plant functional traits, and the potential effect of site-specific effect moderators. Overall, we will provide a continental-scale estimate on the seeding vs. planting dilemma and analyse to what extent the differences in environmental conditions across sites, seed size, functional traits, and the phylogenetic relatedness of species can account for the differences in the effect of revegetation method on seedling performance across study sites and species.
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Zhang, Bo, Wei Zhang, Yongcai Ma, Liqiang Qi, and Jianfei Shi. "Forming mechanism of a seedling tray comprised of lignocellulose in cow manure." BioResources 16, no. 2 (2021): 3543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3543-3562.
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A new method for producing biomass seedling trays with cow manure was developed based on heating to above the glass transition point of the lignin in cow dung. The maize seedling tray, manufactured through heat compression molding, could potentially meet the demand for transplanting maize seedlings. A scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine were used to compare the changes in the internal structure and mechanical properties of the seedling tray before and after the seeding period through a compression molding technique at normal temperature before seeding and a heat compression molding technique after seeding. The results showed that the strength of the seedling tray was mainly derived from the mechanical setting force of the fiber laminated in the seedling tray. Meanwhile, the moisture in the seedling tray hindered the lignin from filling in the gaps between the stem fibers in cow manure, as well as it reduced the protective effect of lignin on the laminated inlay structure of the stem fibers in cow manure. Therefore, under the premise that the material could be completely filled in the mold, the study concluded that a lower moisture content resulted in better strength and water resistance of the seedling tray. As such, this study provides an idea for the functional utilization of cow manure.
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Koo, Hae-Jung, Ki-Ho Chang, Sanghee Chae, et al. "A Suggestion of Verification Method for Cloud Seeding Experimental Results via Analyses of Chemical Components of Precipitation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 64, no. 5 (2025): 497–512. https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-23-0212.1.
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Abstract In an attempt to minimize the adverse impacts of rapid climate change, such as forest fires and droughts, the development of cloud seeding technologies has increasingly attracted attention. However, the effects of cloud seeding have not been verified directly. In the present study, chemical analysis of precipitation samples was explored as a method of confirming the case-by-case effects of cloud seeding experiments. Hourly precipitation samples were obtained using automatic precipitation collectors placed in seeded/nonseeded areas, which were calculated in advance by numerical methods. To directly confirm the effects of cloud seeding, analyses of ionic and heavy metal components (nonsea salt Ca2+ and silver) of the samples were carried out. Three aviation experiments are presented (CaCl2, NaCl powder and CaCl2, AgI flare seedings). Each result demonstrated a noticeable increase in the main seeding materials at the rain sampling points within 1–3 h after the experiment, as confirmed by a numerical model. Although a small number of cases were considered in this study, our hourly analysis method highlights the potential for direct and rapid verification of cloud seeding experiments.
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Silva Junior, Francisco B. da, Claudivan F. de Lacerda, Geocleber G. de Sousa, et al. "Nutritional status of watermelon irrigated with brackish water in different planting systems." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 27, no. 5 (2023): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p367-374.
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ABSTRACT Watermelon is cultivated in practically all Brazilian states; however, there are still disagreements as to the best way to propagate it. In addition, the Northeast region, the main producing region in the country, is increasingly facing the scarcity of low-salinity water. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiology and mineral contents of the watermelon crop subjected to irrigation water of different electrical conductivities, using seedlings or direct seeding. A randomized block experimental design with split plots was used, with four replications. The plot was formed by the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.3, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 dS m-1) and the subplot by the planting methods - DS = direct seeding, TP1 = transplanting of the seedling produced with water of moderate salinity (1.5 dS m-1), and TP2 = transplanting of the seedling produced with water of low salinity (0.3 dS m-1). The highest biomass accumulation was obtained in the direct seeding method. Salt stress increases the intrinsic water use efficiency in watermelon plants. The TP1 and TP2 planting methods led to the highest contents of P and K in the leaf. The increase in the salinity level increases the content of S and reduces the content of Cu and Mn.
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Zhu, Haibin, Xizhan Lu, Kaiwei Zhang, et al. "Optimum Basic Seedling Density and Yield and Quality Characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Seeding Rice." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (2023): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081980.
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Unmanned aerial seeding (UAS) is an efficient unmanned rice planting method with broad application prospects. But its optimum basic seedling number and yield and quality characteristics remain unclear. Field experiments were conducted to compare UAS, unmanned dry direct seeding (UDDS), and unmanned carpet transplanting (UCT) methods using inbred japonica rice variety Nanjing 5718. The UAS method was subdivided into four planting density treatments (UAS105, UAS150, UAS195, and UAS240 = 105, 150, 195, and 240 seedlings/m2, respectively). The results showed that increasing the basic seedling density first increased the yield but then it decreased, and UAS195 produced a significantly higher yield. On the other hand, the grain processing, appearance, and taste quality deteriorated with improved nutritional quality. Among the three planting methods, UAS (UAS195) yielded less than UCT due to there being fewer spikelets per panicle, a lower grain-filling rate, and less photosynthetic activity after heading. However, UAS (UAS195) produced more yields than UDDS by having more panicles, more spikelets per panicle, and more biomass accumulation. Both UAS195 and UDDS had poorer grain processing, appearance, and nutritional quality than UCT, but increased amylose content and taste values. Therefore, UAS195 could be an alternative planting method for inbred japonica rice with coordinated yield, quality, and production efficiency.
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Chen, Nianci, Lei Tang, Xiaowei Guan, et al. "Thallus sectioning as an efficient monospore release method in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)." Journal of Applied Phycology 32, no. 4 (2019): 2195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01992-6.
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AbstractThe red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis is a marine crop of important economic value and is widely cultivated in the coastal areas of northern China. The current seedling-raising system relies on the germination of conchospores, a process not fast enough to meet the increasing demand from farmers. In this study, we developed a monospore-dependent seedling method based on the asexual reproduction of the Pyropia thallus. The Pyropia thallus was physically sectioned into small pieces (microthalli) that were cultivated at 15 °C. The algal cells in the microthalli became morphologically condensed, underwent cell division, and then developed into monospores on the 5th day. The monospores were able to attach to the seeding rope in 24 h and germinated into healthy thalli. To optimize the efficiency of monospore release, we tested the effect of temperature and the size and original positions of the microthalli as well as the age of the mother thallus. Microthalli with a size of 30–50 cells from the middle and apex of 21-day-old thalli cultivated at 15 °C yielded the optimum production of monospores. Theoretically, in this thallus-to-thallus seeding strategy, 0.1 g of thallus could produce at least 107 monospores, with the same number of offspring thallus seedlings. Taking all of these advantages together, including the high efficiency, short time, low cost and easy operation, this physical sectioning method could serve as a promising seed source especially for new cultivars with superior traits in Pyropia farming and rapid replenishment of seedlings when thalli undergo disastrous diseases.
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Abramchuk, A., M. Karpuhin, S. Saparklycheva, and V. Chulkova. "Comparative performance assessment seedling method for the introduction of Nigella damascena L. in the Middle Urals." Agrarian Bulletin of the 197, no. 6 (2020): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-197-6-2-9.
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Abstract. Introduction allows not only to expand the range of medicinal plants, but also to reduce the severity of the problem of their import substitution. In 2019, a study was conducted at the “Uralets” agricultural farm, on the collection spot of the Ural state agrarian University, to assess the effectiveness of the seedling method for the introduction of Nigella damascena. The purpose of the research: to study the formation of productivity of Nigella damascena in the Middle Urals. The research objectives were to study the most important aspects of the growth and development of Nigella damascena: phenological phases and their onset dates; dynamics of height and average daily growth, productivity. Method of research. During the experiment all observations and records were made according to generally accepted methods. The scheme of the experiment includes 3 options that differ in the timing of sowing seeds of Nigella damascena for seedlings: I – seeding on March 20th (control); II – seeding on March 30th; III – seeding on April 10th. Results. During the first two to three weeks, after planting seedlings in the open ground, the growth of plants was minimal, its value varied in variants from 0.14 (III variant) to 0.31 (I variant) mm per day. The earliest transition of plants to the generative stage of development was noted in I variant, where the budding phase occurred 9 days earlier than in 2 and 22 days earlier than in III variant. The period of mass flowering lasted until mid-August, single flowering – until the end of September. The largest seeds (weight of 100 seeds – 0.31–0.36 g) were obtained in I var. – 66.48 g/m2, significantly lower than in III variant – 11.16 g/m2. The maximum seed productivity is formed in I variant – 100.57 g/m2, the minimum in III variant – 38.93 g/m2. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effectiveness of the seedling method of cultivation of Nigella damascena – a valuable medicinal plant in the Middle Urals has been studied. The optimal variant allowing to obtain high seed productivity is established.
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Winsa, Hans, and Urban Bergsten. "Direct seeding of PinusSylvestris using microsite preparation and invigorated seed lots of different quality: 2-year results." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 1 (1994): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-012.
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Direct seeding of Pinussylvestris L. is a regeneration method, with potential for development considering scarification, microsite preparation, seed invigoration, and seed quality. Three seed lots of different quality concerning seed weight, germination percent, and mean germination time were used on two sites in northern Sweden. Microsite preparation, 2 cm deep pyramidal indentations, of the mineral soil improved seedling emergence on the two sites by 48 and 62%, respectively, compared with seeding without preparation other than removal of the humus layer. Microsite preparation in combination with invigorated seed, i.e., seed incubated at 30% moisture content for 7 days at 15 °C, resulted in seedling emergence of about 85% for the highest and about 50% for the lowest seed quality at both sites. Noninvigorated seed, seeded without microsite preparation, reached about 55% for the highest and 22% at one and 43% at the other for the lowest seed quality. Without microsite preparation there was no, or a negative, effect of seed invigoration on seedling emergence. Seedling survival after the first winter improved significantly with better seed quality. Survival averaged 92 and 72% at the two sites, with frost heaving causing most mortality. Seedlings from invigorated and redried seed survived better than seedlings from untreated seed. Seedlings from the best seed quality had higher values in seedling height, about 35%, shoot length, about 60%, and needle length, about 30%, after two growing seasons than seedlings from lower seed qualities. Invigoration and microsite preparation had no effect on measured growth characteristics.
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Bolland, MDA. "Assessment of methods of re-seeding subterranean clover near Esperance, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850886.
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In 1979 and 1980, three methods of re-seeding subterranean clover were investigated near Esperance, Western Australia: seeding just before the break to the season (dry-seeding), and seeding after the break, after killing the emerging pasture by mechanical cultivations or with herbicides. Sowing subterranean clover into a cereal stubble just prior to the break of the winter growing season, followed by continuous grazing after emergence to pr, vent overtopping of the clover seedlings, was he most economical method. It did not involve costs associated with the other methods (ploughing and scarifying, or herbicides and spraying), it produced between five and twenty times as much dried herbage in winter as was produced by the other methods, and had twice the sheep-carrying capacity in winter. The differences in clover seed yields between the three methods were not statistically significant, but yields were reduced by about 30% when grazing of dry-seeded treatments in cereal stubble was delayed until 6 weeks after emergence of seedlings, because of a 30% decrease in the number of clover seedlings.
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Wang, Yu, Wenqing He, Changrong Yan, Haihe Gao, Jixiao Cui, and Qin Liu. "Environmental Impact of Various Rice Cultivation Methods in Northeast China through Life Cycle Assessment." Agronomy 14, no. 2 (2024): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020267.
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Rice, a crucial staple in China, is cultivated through various techniques, including seedling transplanting, dry direct seeding, and film mulching. Despite its significance, rice production is a considerable environmental burden. Using a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, this study aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of four rice cultivation methods (transplanting rice, dry direct-seeding rice, dry direct-seeding rice with polyethylene film (PE), and dry direct-seeding rice with biodegradable film) in Northeast China. The results indicate that the magnitude of environmental impacts among treatments was consistent across years. The potential values of all environmental impacts of the four different cultivation methods of rice in the 2021 field trial were smaller than the results of the same cultivation method of rice system in the 2022 field trial. Among the four rice cultivation methods, the consumption of energy showed inconsistency over the two years, with the highest energy consumption in the first year being for dry seeding with PE film and in the second year for dry seeding without film. Additionally, transplanting exhibited the highest impact on water resource consumption and climate change. Dry direct-seeding rice displayed the highest eutrophication and ecotoxicity. Dry direct-seeding rice with a biodegradable film had the least impact in terms of acidification. Moreover, dry direct-seeding rice with a biodegradable film minimized water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions without compromising yield.
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Khan, M. A., M. A. Wohab, M. M. Rahman, and M. M. Alam. "Use of high-speed rotary tiller and power tiller operated seeder for onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6, no. 3 (2021): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0603011.
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A field study was carried out to assess the performance of power tiller operated seeder (PTOS) and to compare the yield, quality, maturity and economic traits of onion under different planting methods at Spices Research Sub-Centre (SRSC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Faridpur, Bangladesh with four planting methods as four treatments: T1) ploughing the main field with high speed rotary tiller (HSRT) + direct seeding with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), T2) ploughing the main field with HSRT + transplanting of seedlings, T3) ploughing the main field with HSRT + direct seeding in line and T4) ploughing the main field with HSRT + direct seeding as broadcasting. Under the study the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The outcome of the study revealed that the treatments had a significant influence on the characteristics studied accept yield of onion. Different economic traits of onion were varied among the planting methods. The bulbs under direct seeding with the PTOS matured earlier (133.66days) as compared to the transplant (155.54days). All direct seeding methods showed insignificantly higher yields than that of transplants. The maximum yield (15.05t/ha) was recorded from broadcasting method. The yield performance under direct seeding with the PTOS and transplants were 15.08 and 14.92t/ha, respectively. The broadcasting method had very heterogeneous and under-sized bulbs due to uneven spacing and maximum plant population per unit area. In case of economic performance, transplanting method incurred the highest total cost of production. Maximum net return and benefit-cost ratio (2.95) were calculated from direct seeding with PTOS. So, it is concluded that in Bangladesh, direct seeding method with the PTOS may be a good option for getting early crop and maximum economic benefit.
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Rezaei, Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Dadashi, Hasan Mokhtarpour, and Hossein Ajam Norouzi. "The Effect of Planting Dates and Planting Methods on Cotton Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in Moderate and Humid Climatic Conditions." Romanian Agricultural Research 41 (2024): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar4115.
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otton is one of the most important crops in Golestan Province, Iran. The planting and harvesting date interferes with autumn crops such as wheat. A delay in planting cotton causes a decrease in yield. Transplanting cultivation can help to solve this problem. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out during two crop years in 2017 and 2018 in Iran, Golestan Province, Gorgan city, research station of Iraqi Mahlah in the form of a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design in four replications. Experimental treatments including planting dates at three levels including; Planting dates were May 27, June 16 and July 7 and planting methods were in seven levels (6 treatments using Transplanting and direct seeding methods). Quantitative traits including plant height, number of bolls per plant, lint weight per boll, lint yield and biological yield were measured along with cotton qualitative traits such as fiber length, stretch percentage, fiber fineness, fiber strength and uniformity index. Based on the results, the simple effect of planting dates, planting methods, as well as the interaction effect of planting dates × planting methods on all quantitative and qualitative traits were significant. Also, the interaction effect of year × planting date × planting method on the number of bolls per plant and biological yield was significant. The average lint yield in transplanting methods was 2256 kg per hectare and showed an increase of about 37% compared to direct seeding cultivation method. The best cultivation method it was that one with one seedling transplanted, the distance between the rows=75 cm and the distance on the rows=40 cm, the yields being higher as compared to other treatments. In general, the lint yield in direct seeding was much lower than the lint yield in transplanting cultivation. Also, the quality traits were affected by planting dates and planting methods, and in most cases, cotton quality traits were improved in the transplanting cultivation method. Therefore, if the cost of producing and transporting seedlings is economical, cotton transplanting is preferable to direct seeding cultivation.
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S, MOHAMAD IBRAHIM, and GOPALASAMY N. "EFFECT OF AGE OF SEEDLINGS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TRANSPLANTED MAIZE." Madras Agricultural Journal 76, April (1989): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02043.
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A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to standardise the age of seedlings and to evaluate the yield potentials of transplanted crop with direct seeded ones in maize during kharil 86 and rabi 86-87. Five and ten day old seedlings raised from conventional soil nursery were compared with direct seeding. The grain yield increase with 5-day old seadlings was by 8 q/ha (14.7 per cent) and 6 q/ha (11.5 per cent) during kharif and rabi respec- tively over the direct seeded crops. There was deep decline in grain yield when 10-day old seedlings were transplanted. The highest net return of Rs. 6610 and Rs. 5503 was realised with 5-day old seedlings against Rs. 5339 and Rs. 4566 under direct seedling respectively during kharif and rabi seasons. The return per rupee invested was Rs. 2.67 and 2.39 with 5-day old seedlings as compared to 2.36 and 2.16 with direct seeding respectively for both the seasons. The method of raising nursery is also furnished.
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Gaye, M. M., and A. R. Maurer. "Modified Transplant Production Techniques to Increase Yield and Improve Earliness of Brussels Sprouts." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 2 (1991): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.2.210.
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Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of row covers (no row cover or Agryl P-17), seeding date, and seeding method (seeding in a furrow or into a smooth soil surface) on the development, harvest date, and yield of brussels sprouts [Brassica oleracea L. (Gemmifera Group)] grown in southwestern British Columbia. The treatments were applied to the plants in the seedbed after which the plants were transplanted in the field and grown to horticultural maturity. In both years, row covers increased soil temperatures and advanced seedling development and transplanting dates compared with uncovered treatments. Leaf weight ratio (LWR) decreased, specific leaf area (SLA) increased, and leaf area ratio (LAR) was unaffected by the application of row covers. Early seeding also promoted early transplanting. In 1987, plots were harvested when plants reached horticultural maturity. There was a linear effect of seeding date on harvest date, early seeding promoted an early harvest, and row covers advanced the sprout harvest of plants seeded earliest (24 Mar). In 1988 all treatments were harvested from 17 to 19 Oct. and marketable yield was improved by early seeding and by row covers. Seeding method did not influence plant growth or yield.
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YOSHIDA, Hiroshi, Junichi IMANISHI, Shozo SHIBATA, and Yukihiro MORIMOTO. "A method for predicting the required seedling density in seeding work." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 33, no. 2 (2007): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.33.369.
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Won, Jong Gun, Yuuiti Hirahara, Tomohiko Yoshida, and Souichirou Imabayashi. "Selection of Rice Lines Using SPGP Seedling Method for Direct Seeding." Plant Production Science 1, no. 4 (1998): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/pps.1.280.
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MISHRA, ABHA, and V. M. SALOKHE. "SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS AND THE EARLY GROWTH OF TRANSPLANTED RICE UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 3 (2008): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006388.
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SUMMARYA series of experiments was conducted on rice seedlings in a nursery seedbed and after transplanting in order to understand root and shoot characteristics, and their contribution to the production of tillers and dry matter. At the nursery stage, the seedlings' were studied at varying densities (high and low) and fertilizer treatments (with and without nitrogen) at 12 and 24 days after sowing (DAS) in wet or dry seedbeds. After transplanting, the effects of seedling age at the time of transplanting (12 and 30 days), method of raising seedlings (dry or wet seedbed) and water regimes (flooded or non-flooded) were studied. The overall aim was to understand the benefits, if any, of this system of rice intensification (SRI) management practices over conventional methods. The study revealed that in a nursery at 12 DAS, rice seedlings raised in a dry seedbed, irrespective of seeding density and fertilizer application, showed accelerated growth with better shoot and root characteristics in terms of greater leaf number, plant height, lateral root formation and elongation, and dry mass compared to seedlings grown in a wet seedbed. At 24 DAS, a significant interaction between seeding density and fertilizer application was found for dry-seedbed plants compared to those grown in a wet seedbed. Poor shoot and root growth was seen in older seedlings grown without fertilizer. Seedling age was found to be the most important factor affecting both shoot characteristics after transplanting (number of tillers, plant height, dry matter production) and root characteristics (root length density, root weight density). Younger seedlings performed better than older seedlings transplanted into either flooded or non-flooded soils with greater uptake of nitrogen and manganese than older seedlings. These results indicate that many of the constraints previously associated with non-flooded rice cultivation may be alleviated by transplanting younger seedlings that have been raised by SRI methods.
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Lemeshyk, A. V., and N. V. Novytska. "Dependence of soybean plant survivability on the feeding area on typical chernozems." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 7, no. 2 (2023): 307–13. https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0291.
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Topicality. Plant density is one of the key factors in the formation of soybean productivity, given that the most productive crops are formed with the optimal number of plants per unit area and the rational utilisation of actual environmental resources by each plant and the agrophytocenosis in general. Optimal plant spacing reduces the competition of soybean plants and ensures adequate supply of crop to soil nutrients, so both sparseness and thickness of crops significantly affect the yield shortfall. Purpose. To study the effect of row spacing and seeding rate on the survivability of soybean plants of early ripening varieties Vyshyvanka and Zhaklin. Methods In 2021–2022, the research was conducted in scientific laboratories and stationary crop rotation by the Department of Plant Production in the fields of the Separate Subdivision Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (Pshenychne village, Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region), in the northeastern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations and assessment of crops were carried out according to the F. M. Kuperman's method at the main stages of plant growth and development: seedling, flower-bud formation, flowering, and ripening. The main phases of plant growth and development were noted: seedlings, budding, flowering, ripening. The beginning of the stage was considered to be the presence of the controlled trait in at least 10 % of plants, and 75 % of plants were considered as complete stage. The plant density was recorded in the stage of full seedlings and before harvesting according to the Methodology of State Variety Testing of Crops. Results. It was found that plant survivability depends on the feeding area, so the greatest losses (10.3–13.2 %) of plants during the harvesting period were observed when soybeans were sown in a wide-row method (45 cm) with a seeding rate of 750 thousand seeds/ha. The lowest losses (3.4–5.3 %) were observed in the wide-row method of sowing with a seeding rate of 450 thousand seeds/ha. Soybean crops sown in a conventional row method with a row spacing of 15 cm and various seeding rates did not show any particular sparseness during the ripening period, and the death rate did not exceed 5–7 %. The best plant development occurs at the optimal feeding area with an even distribution of plants on the field. Conclusions. On the typical low-humus chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is recommended to sow early ripening soybean varieties using the conventional row method of sowing, with a seeding rate of 450 thousand seeds/ha that to ensure even placement of plants, optimal nutrition area and survivability during the growing season. Key words: soybean, variety, seeding rate, row spacing, sowing method, plant density, plant survivability
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Liu, Yongbo, Peng He, Yan Cao, Conghua Zhu, and Shitao Ding. "Evaluation Model of Rice Seedling Production Line Seeding Quality Based on Deep Learning." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (2024): 3098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14073098.
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A critical precondition for realizing mechanized transplantation in rice cultivation is the implementation of seedling tray techniques. To augment the efficacy of seeding, a precise evaluation of the quality of rice seedling cultivation in these trays is imperative. This research centers on the analysis of rice seedling tray images, employing deep learning as the foundational technology. The aim is to construct a computational model capable of autonomously evaluating seeding quality within the ambit of intelligent seedling cultivation processes. This study proposes a virtual grid-based image segmentation preprocessing method. It involves dividing the complete image of a rice seedling tray into several grid images. These grid images are then classified and marked using an improved ResNet50 model that integrates the SE attention mechanism with the Adam optimizer. Finally, the objective of detecting missing seeding areas is achieved by reassembling the marked grid images. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved ResNet50 model, integrating the SE attention mechanism and employing an initial learning rate of 0.01 over 50 iterations, attains a test set accuracy of 95.82%. This accuracy surpasses that of the AlexNet, DenseNet, and VGG16 models by respective margins of 4.55%, 2.07%, and 2.62%. This study introduces an innovative model for the automatic assessment of rice seeding quality. This model is capable of rapidly evaluating the seeding quality during the seedling phase; precisely identifying the locations of missing seeds in individual seedling trays; and effectively calculating the missing seed rate for each tray. Such precision in assessment is instrumental for optimizing seedling processes
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Youngblood, Andrew P., and John C. Zasada. "White spruce artificial regeneration options on river floodplains in interior Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 4 (1991): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-057.
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Reforestation options for artificial regeneration of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were tested on three floodplain sites near Fairbanks, Alaska. Survival of containerized seedlings after outplanting was above 96%, regardless of harvest cutting method or mechanical site preparation, and declined little between the third and fifth growing seasons. Establishment and survival after direct seeding on seed spots was more variable and differed by harvest cutting method, by type of site preparation, and by the use of plastic seed shelters for seedling protection. Maximum terminal leader growth, seedling total height, and basal diameter were found on planted seedlings in clear-cut units on the better site. In clear-cut units prepared by blading on one site, basal diameter of seedlings five seasons after outplanting was almost 50% more than on similar surfaces in shelterwood units. Planted seedlings on unscarified surfaces and in small scalped patches generally had similar basal diameters. Results suggested that similar interior Alaska floodplain forests of white spruce can be successfully regenerated by using the clear-cutting harvest method and planting nursery-reared seedlings without mechanical site preparation.
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Berkenkamp, B., and E. Z. Jan. "A planting template for seed treatment trials." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 3 (1991): 851–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-119.
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To reduce variation of seedling emergence in chemical seed treatment trials, a template and frame unit was designed, constructed and tested with seed of various crops. This system controlled the depth of seed placement. Variability in seeding depth was less with the template than with a Swift Current power seeder and a hand-pushed cone seeder. Key words: Seeding, method, depth control
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Sterrett, S. B., C. P. Savage, and K. M. McManus. "PLANT ESTABLISHMENT OF BROCCOLI AS INFLUENCED BY PLANTING METHOD AND PLANT TYPE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1076f—1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1076f.
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Studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to evaluate the influence of planting time and method on plant establishment and yield of fall broccoli. In 1988, plant establishment of direct-seeded broccoli was not improved with application of vermiculite (63 kg/ha). a cross-linked polyacrylamide polymer (17 kg/ha), or both as anti-crustants over the untreated check (37.6%, 32.2%, 24.6%, and 31% of target population, respectively). In 1989, transplants were compared with double-seeding (planting two seeds 25 mm apart). With seed. germination of 55% in the early planting (8 Aug.). plant populations of double-seeding and transplants were similar, but 42% germination of double-seeding in the late planting (28 Aug.) resulted in lower plant populations than from transplants. While yield reflected differences in plant populations, the percentage of marketable heads from transplants was significantly greater (90.6%) than from seedlings (78.9%). These data suggest that broccoli transplants are a viable option when high soil temperatures may be detrimental to seed germination.
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Bakulova, I. V., I. I. Pluzhnikova, and N. V. Kriushin. "Optimization of methods of cultivation of seed hemp with an ordinary method of sowing." Agrarian science, no. 6 (June 16, 2024): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-383-6-112-117.
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Relevance. The application of new techniques in the technology of cannabis cultivation is an important direction for the stabilization and growth of the efficiency of the hemp industry. The selection of the optimal seeding rate in combination with non-root treatment with an ordinary seeding method will solve the issue of realizing the productivity potential of a new variety of Lyudmila seeded hemp.Methods. In order to optimize the cultivation methods of a new variety of cannabis Lyudmila, studies were conducted in accordance with the methodological guidelines for registration tests of fungicides in agriculture, methodological guidelines for production testing of research and development. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants in crops were determined by the method of A.A. Nichiporovich. The mathematical processing of experimental data was carried out by the method of dispersion analysis.Results. Field germination was 66–75% of the laboratory, plant safety was higher at a seeding rate of 3 million/ha (220.4 pcs/m²). The leaf area was increased in variants with a seeding rate of 2.0 and 2.5 million/ha due to optimal plant placement. Non-root treatments with «Izagri Phosphorus» and «Humate+7» preparations increased the leaf area during all stages of ontogenesis. Non-root treatments and seeding rates affected the accumulation of total and long fiber – high yields of stems (11.9–15.9 t/ha) and fiber (3.43–5.04 t/ha) were obtained using the «Izagri Phosphorus» treatment option. The thickening of the stem increased the yield of the stems to 14.96 t/ha, and the yield of total fiber to 4.56 t/ha. The maximum seed yield (on average 1.0 t/ha) was obtained when sowing with a seeding rate of 2.0 million/ha, with the addition of non-root top dressing, the yield increased by 6.7–23.6%.
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Li, Yuhuan, Shuo Zhao, Fazhan Yang, et al. "Research on the Flexible Gradual Seed-Cleaning Method of the Brush-Type Single-Seed Soybean Planter." Agriculture 14, no. 3 (2024): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030399.
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In response to the poor cleaning effect of the brush-type soybean seeder, a lightweight mechanism of the brush-type soybean seeder was optimized and designed. We proposed a progressive seed-cleaning method. Firstly, mechanical analysis was conducted on the soybean seeding process to prevent excessive clearing of individual soybean seeds initially filled into the orifices by the seeding brush. A formula for expressing the force exerted by the seeding brush on stabilizing individual soybean seeds in the orifice was derived. Secondly, an analysis of the progressive seeding principle was performed, and theoretical calculations were carried out for the progressive seeding curves within the x-y plane and along the direction of the z-axis. The progressive seeding curves were determined. Factors affecting the seeding efficiency were analyzed, including the plate’s speed, the initial angle of the seeding brush, and the initial distance between the seeding brush and the seeding plate. Based on the Box–Behnken central composite design theory, using the seeding tray’s rotational speed, the initial angle of the seeding brush, and the initial distance between the seeding brush and the seeding tray as experimental factors, orthogonal experiments were conducted with the leakage rate and the over-cleaning rate as the indicators for the evaluation, and the working parameters were optimized. Validation experiments showed that with a plate speed of 29 rpm, an initial angle of the seeding brush of 54°, and an initial distance between the seeding brush and the seeding plate of 11 mm, the results were as follows: a skip-seeding rate of 1.23% and an over-seeding rate of 0.66%, indicating a significant improvement in seeding performance. A comparative experiment was conducted with non-progressive cleaning brushes, and the test results showed that the progressive cleaning brush reduced the leakage rate by more than 1% and the over-cleaning rate by more than 0.5%.
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KEELEY, STEVEN J., and HAN-E. ZHOU. "Preemergence Herbicide and Seeding Method Effects on Seedling Growth of Kentucky Bluegrass1." Weed Technology 19, no. 1 (2005): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-199r.
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Govers, Laura L., Jannes H. T. Heusinkveld, Max L. E. Gräfnings, Quirin Smeele, and Tjisse van der Heide. "Adaptive intertidal seed-based seagrass restoration in the Dutch Wadden Sea." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0262845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262845.
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Seagrasses form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems but are rapidly declining on a global scale. The Dutch Wadden Sea once supported extensive subtidal seagrass meadows that have all disappeared. Here, we report on the setbacks and successes of intertidal seed-based restoration experiments in the Dutch Wadden Sea between 2014–2017. Our main goals were to 1) optimize plant densities, and 2) reduce seed losses. To achieve our goals, we conducted research-based, adaptive seagrass (Zostera marina) restoration, adjusting methods yearly based on previous results. We applied various seeding methods in three subsequent years–from Buoy Deployed Seeding (BuDS), and ‘BuDS-in-frame’ in fall, to a newly developed ‘Dispenser Injection Seeding’ (DIS) method. Our adaptive experimental approach revealed high seed losses between seeding and seedling establishment of the BuDS methods (>99.9%), which we mitigated by controlled harvest and storage of seeds throughout fall and winter, followed by DIS-seeding in spring. These iterative innovations resulted in 83 times higher plant densities in the field (0.012 to 1.00 plants m-2) and a small reduction in seed loss (99.94 to 99.75%) between 2015–2017. Although these developments have not yet resulted in self-sustaining seagrass populations, we are one step closer towards upscaling seagrass restoration in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Our outcomes suggest that an iterative, research-based restoration approach that focuses on technological advancement of precision-seeding may result in advancing knowledge and improved seed-based seagrass restoration successes.
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Cunha, Fábio Sanchez da, Antonio Elton da Silva Costa, Alexandre Sandri Capucho, Rita de Cássia Souza Dias, and Francine Hiromi Ishikawa. "Identification of sources of resistance to damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani) in two phenological phases of watermelon." APRIL 2019 13, (04) 2019 (2019): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.04.p1675.
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Sources of resistance to damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani were researched in watermelon accessions, in which thirty accessions were inoculated in two phenological phases (at seeding and seedling stages). The completely randomized design with five replications per accession was used in both phenological stages. The inoculation in seeding stage was carried out at the time of sowing, while for seedling the inoculation was done 15 days after sowing. In both stages the evaluation occurred 15 days after inoculation using a rating scale. At seeding stage, six accessions were moderately resistant to CMM-2967 of R. solani. However, no accession resistant to CMM-1053 and CMM-1052 isolates was recognized. Three accessions were resistant to CMM-1053 at the seedling stage. Posteriorly, inoculation was carried out using only accessions classified as resistant in the previous evaluations using both phenological stages. For CMM-1053, factorial scheme of 2x4 were used (two stages and four accessions). For assessments against isolate CMM-2967 a factorial scheme of 2x12 (two stages and 12 accessions) was used. We confirmed the results of first two experiments for both isolates. At seeding stage, all accessions were classified as susceptible to CMM-1053. However, at the seedling stage, only Crimson Swett was susceptible. For the CMM-2967, inoculated at the seeding stage, the accessions were classified into two groups (resistant and susceptible) (Scott-Knott at 5%). At seedling stage there was no statistical difference among eleven accessions and they were all classified as resistant. Due to difficulty of finding sources of resistance to damping off, the method of inoculation at seedling stage showed more efficient for this pathosystem and could facilitate the work of breeders and plant pathologists.
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Marasini, S., TN Joshi, and LP Amgain. "Direct seeded rice cultivation method: a new technology for climate change and food security." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 17 (May 7, 2018): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v17i0.19857.
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Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major food crop in terms of production and economy and grown in all ecological regions of Nepal. Rice is cultivated traditionally through transplanting of 20-25 days old seedling in the country. Due to unavailability of suitable technology for rice cultivation, there is a huge yield gap in rice production of Nepal. Country has made target of self-sufficiency in rice production by 2020 AD. This target can be achieved through adoption of Direct seeded rice cultivation technology of rice cultivation which also helps to adapt in the climate change scenario of Nepal. Due to issues of water scarcity and expensive labour, direct seeded rice cultivation technology is adopting worldwide. Direct seeded rice is a resource conservation technology and reduces water and labor use by 50%. Productivity of DSR is 5-10% more than the yield of transplanted rice. It offers a very exhilarating opportunity to improve water and environmental sustainability. Methane gas emissions is lower in DSR than with conventionally tilled transplanted puddle rice. It involves sowing pre-germinated seeds into a puddled soil surface (wet seeding), standing water (water seeding) or dry seeding into a prepared seedbed (dry seeding). Precise water management, particularly during crop emergence phase (first 7-15 days after sowing), is crucial in direct seeded rice. Furthermore, weed infestation is the major problem, which can cause large yield losses in direct seeded rice. Weed management in DSR can be done through chemical, hand weeding or stale seed bed method.
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Arouna, Alfassassi, Adjiwanou Atiglo Gbenou, Etienne Blaise M’boumba, and Sagua Majugudaada Badabake. "Effects of Sowing Methods on Paddy Rice Yields and Milled Rice Quality in Rainfed Lowland Rice in Wet Savannah, Togo." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 7, no. 1 (2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v7i1.1112.
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Identifying the socio-economic constraints of seeding technologies uptake and analyzing the yields, milled quality and growers’ income under various seeding methods are a strategy for sustainable rainfed lowland rice. A survey and an on-farm experiment were carried out at five locations with a random sample of 50 farmers grouped in five of the fourteen partner cooperatives of ESOP-Pagouda. The survey focused on socio-economic data collection. The experiment, replicated at five locations, involved three treatments: broadcast seeding, direct seeding, and transplanting. The paddy rice yields and milled rice quality were analyzed using R software version 4.1.3, and arithmetic means discriminated at the 5% by the Duncan test. The profitability indicators, such as the Gross Margin (GM) and the Benefit/Cost Ratio (BCR), were calculated. The results showed that 14% of farmers adopted rice transplanting method. The transplanting method increased rice yield (3.3 t/ha) compared to direct seeding (2.8 t/ha) and broadcast seeding (2.2 t/ha). The milled long grain rate (56%) was significantly higher than those under both seeding methods. Additionally, the transplanting method improved the gross margin (1,146 $USD/ha) compared to 663 $USD/ha and 431 $USD/ha for direct and broadcast seeding, respectively. The benefit/cost ratio 1.5 for transplanting was almost double from that of both seeding methods. Despite its high demand for labor and agricultural inputs, the transplanting method provided the highest paddy rice yields and milled rice quality to improve farmers’ income.
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Xie, Chunji, Dongxing Zhang, Li Yang, et al. "Research and Analysis on the Influence of Different Speed Measurement Methods on the Monitoring Accuracy of Seed Spacing." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010128.
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The accuracy and real-time performance of the speed measurement method were important factors influencing the accuracy of the seeding spacing monitoring. In this study, three different speed measurement methods (including GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver speed measurement, radar speed measurement, and encoder measurement rotation speed) were used to compare and analyze the monitoring results of seeding spacing. The same monitoring system was used to calculate the seeding spacing under three different speed measurement methods. The encoder directly measured the rotation speed of the seeding disc instead of the traditional method of measuring the rotation speed of the driving wheel. The monitoring results of uniform-speed and variable-speed seeding field tests showed that the three speed measurement methods have extremely high correlations, with a correlation coefficient R > 0.95. There was small difference among the three speed measurement methods, and they all met the needs of field seeding operations. After comprehensively considering the use cost and installation complexity, it was recommended to use GNSS receiver speed measurement to monitor the speed of the seeding operation and the real-time seeding spacing.
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Qiao, Jiaxin, Gaofeng Li, Mengyao Liu, et al. "Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Growth and Yield Components of Foxtail Millet." Agronomy 15, no. 4 (2025): 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15040840.
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Different cultivation measures, including seeding patterns, plastic film mulching, and drip irrigation, significantly affect crop growth and yield. This study conducted a two-year field experiment, involving eight treatments: hole seeding and drill seeding, mulching and bare land, as well as with and without drip irrigation. Analyzed the impact on agronomic traits, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield components during the growth period of foxtail millet. The results of two years indicate that the growth trend of foxtail millet was consistent under both hole seeding and drill seeding. The best performance was achieved with drip irrigation treatment for mulching, followed by drip irrigation for bare land, no drip irrigation for mulching, and no drip irrigation for bare land. In 2024, the maximum yield of HFD in hole seeding pattern was 4627.55 kg/ha. The maximum yield of DFD in drill pattern is 4430.22 kg/ha. In summary, based on the comprehensive optimization of two years of data and the effective accumulated temperature in the local area, the best planting method is hole seeding, mulching, and drip irrigation. In cold and cool regions, mulching with film aids in increasing the accumulated temperature of the tillage layer. Hole seeding is conducive to enhancing seedling quality. Performing drip irrigation once during the late heading stage stimulates the growth and fruiting of foxtail millet, thereby increasing yield.
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Barrios, Kaitlin, Carrie Knott, and James Geaghan. "Improving Sea Oats Seedling Production from Seed with Fungicides." HortTechnology 24, no. 6 (2014): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.6.630.
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In Louisiana, sea oats (Uniola paniculata) are incorporated into beach restoration projects to build and stabilize sand dunes. Unfortunately, sea oats seed yield, germination, and seedling survival are poor. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of commercial fungicide(s) on sea oats germination, seedling survival, and seedling quality. Sea oats seed were planted into soilless media and grown in greenhouse conditions in Baton Rouge, LA. Four fungicide treatments at two rates were applied to seeded trays: mefenoxam, thiophanate-methyl, azoxystrobin, and iprodione. Two control treatments were included: a 15-minute seed soak in water before seeding and dry seed. Percentage germination, percentage survival, shoot height, and fresh weight were measured. Sea oats seed treated with thiophanate-methyl at twice the fungicide label’s recommended rate [2× (23.0 oz/1000 ft2 a.i.)] had the greatest mean germination and survival and were the tallest seedlings 8 weeks after seeding. These results strongly suggest that treating seed with thiophanate-methyl 2× increased sea oats germination, survival, seedling quality, and profitability of sea oats production. The cost to apply thiophanate-methyl 2× to 1000 sea oats seed was $1.74. The additional revenue generated from greater germination, survival, and seedling quality when growing media was treated with thiophanate-methyl 2× was $37.72 per 1000 sea oats seeds. Therefore, the fungicide thiophanate-methyl was identified to be a practical and economical method to rapidly produce a large number of genetically diverse sea oats plants.
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Hu, Jianping, Xingsheng Zhao, Wei Liu, Mengjiao Yao, and Jun Zhao. "Development of a Seeding Control Method Based on Seed Height in the Hopper of a Precision Wheat Drill." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 6 (2021): 1131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14441.
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HighlightsSeed height in the hopper has an important influence on seeding accuracy.Through experiments, the relationship between the seed height and seeding quantity discharged per rotation of the flute roller is obtained.A compensation algorithm for rotational speed is built, which greatly improves the seeding accuracy.Abstract. The aim of this study was to develop a control method for precise seeding that is able to keep the seed discharged quantity per flute roller rotation stable when the seed volume in the hopper is insufficient. The designed experimental equipment consists of an embedded controller, ultrasonic sensor, square hopper, stepper motor, stepper motor driver, flute roller, and pressure sensor. Seed height in the hopper was measured by an ultrasonic sensor, whose installation location was determined by the distribution of seeds in the hopper. Then, the rotational speed of the flute roller was adjusted based on seed height. A pressure sensor was used to monitor the quantity of seeds discharged per flute roller rotation. Moreover, laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the seeding control method based on seed height and the traditional seeding control method. The average seeding accuracy of the seeding control method based on seed height was 4.07% higher than the traditional seeding control method, and the seeding coefficient of variation was 3.56% less than that. The testing results show that the control method that used a compensation algorithm for rotational speed effectively improves the seeding accuracy, especially when the seed volume is insufficient. Keywords: Compensation algorithm, Precise seeding, Seed distribution, Seed height, Ultrasonic sensor.
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Riday, Heathcliffe. "Breeding for improved frost-seeded red clover seedling establishment." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3028.
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In the colder parts of the United States, in late winter after disappearance of snow cover, red clover (Trifolium pratense) is often broadcast seeded into forage legume-depleted grass pastures to increase pasture forage quality. This method of establishment is referred to as frost seeding. However, in an estimated 30-40% of frostseeded pastures in Wisconsin, USA the legumes fail to establish. In this study 40 red clover halfsib families from one breeding population and six check populations were evaluated for spring 2005 establishment by 1) broadcast seeding into existing pasture under frost-seeded conditions and 2) standard drill seeding into 15 cm-spaced rows. In June 2005 seedling counts and heights were measured on halfsib family plots. Narrow sense heritability estimates on a halfsib family basis for seedling stand counts under frost- and drill-seeded establishment were h2 = 0.02 and 0.21 respectively. Heritabilities for seedling height under frost- and drill-seeded establishment were h2 = 0.50 and 0.26. Genetic correlations between seedling counts and heights under frost- and drill-seeded establishment were rA = 0.42 and 0.19 respectively. No significant genetic correlations between frost- and drill-seeded heights (rA = -0.09) or seedling counts (rA = 0.20) were detected. These results suggest that seedling performance in frost-seeded conditions is a distinct trait from seedling performance in standard drill-seeded conditions and that each needs a separate selection program.
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Choi, Jung Woo, Jong Hwi Park, Jung Doo Seo, et al. "Quality Improvement of 4’’ 4H-SiC Crystal by Using Modified Seed Adhesion Method." Materials Science Forum 897 (May 2017): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.897.11.
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The method to attach seed to crucible lid as well as seed quality is very important for obtaining high quality crystals. Therefore, modified seeding method was developed for improving adhesive layer between seed and graphite crucible lid. SiC single crystal grown with modified seeding method definitely exhibited lower micropipe density (MPD) and lower full width at half maximum (FWHM) values comparing with values from conventional seeding method. Etch pit density of SiC crystal was successfully decreased with using the modified seeding method.
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Iwata, Natsuko, Hiroshi Shinada, Hitoshi Kiuchi, Takashi Sato, and Kenji Fujino. "Mapping of QTLs controlling seedling establishment using a direct seeding method in rice." Breeding Science 60, no. 4 (2010): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.60.353.
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Liu, Han, Xianfei Ding, Xiao Zong, et al. "Review on Progress of Lamellar Orientation Control in Directionally Solidified TiAl Alloys." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134829.
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TiAl alloys have excellent high-temperature performance and are potentially used in the aerospace industry. By controlling the lamellar orientation through directional solidification (DS) technology, the plasticity and strength of TiAl alloy at room temperature and high temperatures can be effectively improved. However, various difficulties lie in ensuring the lamellar orientation is parallel to the growth direction. This paper reviews two fundamental thoughts for lamellar orientation control: using seed crystals and controlling the solidification path. Multiple specific methods and their progress are introduced, including α seed crystal method, the self-seeding method, the double DS self-seeding method, the quasi-seeding method, the pure metal seeding method, and controlling solidification parameters. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed. This paper also introduces novel ways of controlling the lamellar orientation and discusses future development.
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Trushali, Jambudi, and Gandhi Savita. "An Effective Initialization Method Based on Quartiles for the K-means Algorithm." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 35 (2022): 1712–21. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i35.714.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aims to speed up the K-means algorithm by offering a deterministic quartile-based seeding strategy for initializing preliminary cluster centers for the K-means algorithm, enabling it to efficiently build high-quality clusters. <strong>Methods:</strong> We have investigated various cluster center initialization approaches in literature and presented our findings. For the Kmeans algorithm, we here propose a novel deterministic technique based on quartiles for finding initial cluster centers. To obtain the preliminary cluster centers, we have applied our suggested approach to the data set. The initial cluster centers determined by our suggested method are then entered into the K-means algorithm. The proposed seeding method is evaluated on sixteen benchmark clustering data sets: five synthetic and eleven real data sets. Python is used to run the simulation. <strong>Findings:</strong> Based on empirical results from experiments, it is evident that our proposed cluster center initialization method allows the K-means algorithm to form clusters with SSE values comparable to the minimum SSE values produced by repeated Random or Kmeans++ initializations. Furthermore, our deterministic initialization strategy assures that the K-means algorithm converges faster than the Random and K-means++ initialization techniques. <strong>Novelty:</strong> In this study, we explore the potential of quartile-based seeding as a technique of accelerating the Kmeans algorithm. Needless to add, as our seeding method is deterministic, the requirement to run K-means repeatedly with different stochastic initializations is completely eliminated. Also, our initialization strategy assures that there is remarkable saving in execution time as compared to the Random and Kmeans++ initialization techniques. Moreover, it is found that after initializing with our offered method, the solution obtained with just a single run of K-means produces optimal clusters.<strong> Applications:</strong> Our proposed seeding technique will be helpful for initializing the K-means algorithm in time-sensitive applications, applications managing large amounts of data, and applications looking for deterministic cluster solutions. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Kmeans Algorithm; Initialization Method; Speeding Kmeans; Quartiles; Clustering; Deterministic Initialization Method
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Shaikhutdinov, Farit, Marat Amirov, Igor Serzhanov, Razil Garaev, and Ahmet Akköprü. "Productivity and grain quality of various types of spring wheat depending on seeding rates and nutrition background on gray forest soil of the Pre-Kama Region of the Republic of Tatarstan." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700076.
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The results of two–year (2018–2019) studies on the effect of various seeding rates and nutritional backgrounds on the yield and grain quality of two types of spring wheat – soft wheat and emmer wheat (spelt) – are considered. The agrochemical characteristic of the gray forest soil of the experimental plot is as follows: the humus content in the layer of 0–20 cm was 2.9–3.4 % (Tyurin method), mobile phosphorus amount was 176–241 mg, exchange potassium amount was 77–109 mg/kg of soil (Kirsanov method). The degree of saturation with bases was 85.2–87.7 %, the pH of the salt extract was 5.6–5.8. Agrometeorological conditions of 2018–2019, on the whole, met the requirements for early spring crop seeding, HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) was 0.85–1.2. Two levels of mineral nutrition were studied in the experiment (natural background, without fertilizing, NRK for the planned grain yield of 3 t/ha), four seeding rates against each nutrition background: 4, 5, 6 and 7 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. The seedling completeness in both types of wheat over an average of 2 years depended on the seeding rate, regardless of the background of nutrition. In soft wheat of Ulyanovskaya 105 variety, against a natural background, with an increase in the sowing rate from 4 to 7 million germinating seeds per ha, the seedling completeness decreased and amounted to from 82.5 to 76.3 %, in spelt, it was 84.7–78.6 %. On a fertilized ground it was, respectively, 83.4–78.0 and 84.1–77.6 %. Good preservation of plants in both types of wheat from the number of sown seeds and seedlings was noted when the sowing rate was reduced from 7 to 4 million: without fertilizer 82.6–88.5 % in common wheat and 83.5–90.4 % of spelt. On a fertilized ground it amounted, respectively, to 84.3–90.5 and 86.5–92.3 %. Changes in nutritional background by introducing calculated doses of mineral fertilizers for all options with seeding rates on average for 2018–2019 yielded an increase in soft wheat by 0.94 tons of grain per hectare and by 0.61 tons of spelt. The highest conversion efficiency of fertilizers at a sowing rate of 6 million in common wheat was 8.1 kg of grain per 1 kg of a.a., for spelt at a sowing rate of 4 million the figure was 5.6 kg per 1 kg of a.a.
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Dong, Wenhao, Xu Ma, Hongwei Li, Suiyan Tan, and Linjie Guo. "Detection of Performance of Hybrid Rice Pot-Tray Sowing Utilizing Machine Vision and Machine Learning Approach." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235332.
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Monitoring the performance of hybrid rice seeding is very important for the seedling production line to adjust the sowing amount of the seeding device. The objective of this paper was to develop a system for the real-time online monitoring of the performance of hybrid rice seeding based on embedded machine vision and machine learning technology. The embedded detection system captured images of pot trays that passed under the illuminant cabinet installed in the seedling production line. This paper proposed an algorithm for fixed threshold segmentation by analyzing the images with the exploratory analysis method. With the algorithm, the grid image and seed image were extracted from the pot tray image. The paper also proposed a method for obtaining pixel coordinates of gridlines from the grid image. Binary images of seeds were divided into small pieces, according to the pixel coordinates of gridlines. Each piece corresponded to a cell on the pot tray. By scanning the contours in each piece of the image to check whether there were seeds in the cell, the number of empty cells was counted and then used to calculate the missing rate of hybrid rice seeding. The seed number sowed in pot trays was monitored while using the machine learning approach. The experimental results demonstrated that it would consume 4.863 s for the device to process an image, which allowed for the detection of the missing rate and seed number in real-time at the rate of 500 trays per hour (7.2 s per tray). The average accuracy of the detection of missing rates of a seedling production line was 94.67%. The average accuracy of the detection of seed numbers was 95.68%.
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Mondol, Md Raziul Hassan, Md Babul Anwar, Md Rahamot Ali, Khokan Kumer Sarker, and Md Matiar Rahman. "Effect of mechanized cultivation on yield parameters of Mungbean." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 2, no. 2 (2015): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v2i2.25008.
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A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore during Kharif-I 2013 with four treatments viz. T1 = conventional tillage + manual seeding (in line), T2 = conventional tillage + manual seeding (in broadcasting), T3 = power tiller operated seeder (PTOS) and T4 = seeding with bed planter method used in the experiment. The objective of this study was to achieve the goal of increased mungbean production in Bangladesh through different tillage and seeding methods. Besides, to disseminate information in the farmers level conservation tillage is new technology for increasing and sustaining productivity and profitability of mungbean cultivation in mechanized way. From the study, the results revealed that seeding with bed planter method treatment was the most effective and profitable for production of mungbean among all tillage and seeding methods in considering gross margin (40705 Tk /ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.73).Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 253-259, August 2015
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Nurinnadiyah Rahadatul 'Aisy, Ahmad Fauzi Hendratmoko, Nina Najwa Kamila, and Zhahirah Indana Sa'idah. "Optimalisasi Metode Penyemaian Awan untuk Meningkatkan Curah Hujan." Jurnal Sains Geografi 2, no. 1 (2024): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsg.v2i1.05.
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Water scarcity is a serious environmental issue impacting many countries worldwide. Cloud seeding is a technology aimed at increasing rainfall by adding certain chemicals to clouds. Cloud seeding can enhance rainfall by up to 10%, which can support the water needs of additional households annually. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the most effective cloud seeding methods. The search was conducted using the SCOPUS database. The articles found were then selected based on their titles, keywords, and abstracts to ensure relevance to the research topic, resulting in 7 relevant articles. The literature review revealed various cloud seeding methods, such as Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) cloud seeding, hygroscopic cloud seeding, and ECMWF cloud seeding. Based on an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these three cloud seeding methods, the most effective method is WRF cloud seeding because it is highly flexible and can be adapted to various weather conditions and topographies.
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Abramchuk, A., S. Saparklycheva, and V. Chulkova. "Productivity of Tibetan lofant (Agastache rugosa) depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation in the conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals." Agrarian Bulletin of the, no. 14 (February 3, 2021): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-14-2-9.
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Abstract. Research on the introduction of lofant (Agastache rugosa) has been conducted by the Department of Crop Production and Breeding of the Ural State Agrarian University since 2013. Studied by sowing seeds in open ground, especially the growth and development of lofant Tibetan background on the various types of mineral fertilizers, the effect of physiologically active substances comparative assessment of the types and varieties of lofant. The research was carried out in the Uralets agricultural farm, located in the Beloyarskiy district of the Sverdlovsk region. Methods. Phenological and biometric observations of plant growth and development were carried out. The method for laying the experience is generally accepted according to B. A. Dospekhov. This article presents the results of the introduction work on the study of the seedling method of cultivation and application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which had the most pronounced effect on productivity, as well as on the structural composition of aboveground biomass – the most important indicator of quality in the preparation of medicinal raw materials. Purpose of research. To identify the features of the formation of productivity of aboveground biomass of the Agastache rugosa in the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Urals. The task was to study the influence of seedling cultivation method, as well as the introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity and structural composition of aboveground biomass of Agastache rugosa. Results. The study revealed a clear dependence of the productivity of Agastache rugosa on the time of sowing seeds for seedlings: the earlier the sowing period, the higher the productivity. The maximum yield of medicinal raw materials per unit area was obtained in the I variant (seeding on seedlings – March 10) – 25.2 t/ha, the minimum productivity was formed in the IV variant (seeding on seedlings – April 10), it was 16.2 t/ha, which is 35.7 % lower than in the I variant (on average for 2013–2015). It is established that the higher the level of nitrogen nutrition, the greater the biological productivity. The maximum productivity (on average for 2018–2020) was 29.5 t/ha (IV variant – N60 kg/ha). Scientific novelty. For the first time, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, the features of the formation of productivity of Agastache rugosa with the seedling method of cultivation and different levels of nitrogen fertilizers were determined. Established: the optimal time for sowing seeds for seedlings and the dose of nitrogen fertilizers, in which Agastache rugosa provides high productivity with an optimal structure of medicinal raw materials.
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Nahar, L., ABS Sarker, MM Mahbub, and R. Akter. "Effect of Crop Establishment Method and Nutrient Management on Yield and Yield Attributes of Short Duration T. Aman Rice." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 21, no. 1 (2018): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v21i1.39390.
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A field trial was conducted at Agronomy Farm of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute to find out the effect of crop establishment method and nutrient management on yield performance of BRRI developed short-duration Aman rice var. BRRI dhan62 during July to October 2016. The trial comprised of four crop establishment methods viz., M1 = BRRI recommended puddle transplanting, M2 = System of rice intensification (SRI) method (9-days old seedling transplantation), M3 = Sprouted seed in line sowing and M4 = Sprouted seed in broadcasting and three nutrient management levels viz.,N1 = BRRI recommended nutrient management, N2 = Soil test-based nutrient management, N3 = Control. The study was conducted in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The result showed that planting methods had significant effects on the yield of rice. The SRI method along with BRRI recommended fertilizer dose produced the maximum grain yield of 4.49 t ha-1 which was statistically similar with that produced in SRI method day- and soil test-based nutrient management combination. The highest gross margin (Tk. 36,308.00 ha-1) and cost benefit ratio (2.06) were observed in direct seeding of sprouted seed in line sowing method along with BRRI recommended fertilizer dose. So, direct seeding of sprouted seed in line could be a suitable planting method due to reduction of 26.0% production cost associated with seedling raising and transplanting operations.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 117-123
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Ghosh, RC, MSU Bhuiya, MR Uddin, UK Sarker, and KR Das. "Effect of plant establishment method and weeding on the yield and yield components of Boro rice." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 1 (2016): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i1.27531.
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An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during December 2013 to May 2014 to observe the effect of plant establishment method and weeding on the yield and yieldcomponents of boro rice cv. BRRI dhan29. The treatments included two plant establishment methods viz. direct seeding and transplantingusing the seedling of direct seeded plots; four weedings viz. no weeding, one weeding at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), two weedings at 15 and 30 DAT, three weedings at 15, 30 and 45 DAT.The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Yield contributing characters and yield of boro rice were influenced by plant establishment method and weeding. The highest plant height (79.24 cm), grains panicle-1 (121.90), grain yield (2.86 t ha-1), straw yield (3.56 t ha-1), biological yield (6.42 t ha-1) and harvest index (44.81%) were recorded by transplanting method. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 (17.48 ), effective tillers hill-1 (13.39), grain yield (3.38 t ha-1), straw yield (4.22 t ha-1), biological yield (7.61 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.01%) were obtained with three weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAT. The lowest grain yield (1.69 t ha-1) and straw yield (2.42 t ha-1) were recorded from no weeding. The highest grain yield (3.65 t ha-1) was recorded from transplanting method with three weeding, which was statistically similar to transplanting method with two weeding. Again direct seeding method with three weeding resulted in similar yield with that of transplanting method with two weeding. The lowest grain yield (1.46 t ha-1) was recorded from direct seeding method with no weeding. From the present experiment it may be concluded that transplanting method with two weeding or direct seeding method with three weeding may be recommended for cultivation of modern bororice.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 27-31, 2016
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Yang, Kun, Xiaohua Sun, Ruofan Li, et al. "A Method for Quantifying Mung Bean Field Planting Layouts Using UAV Images and an Improved YOLOv8-obb Model." Agronomy 15, no. 1 (2025): 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010151.
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Quantifying planting layouts during the seedling stage of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) is crucial for assessing cultivation conditions and providing support for precise management. Traditional information extraction methods are often hindered by engineering workloads, time consumption, and labor costs. Applying deep-learning technologies for information extraction reduces these burdens and yields precise and reliable results, enabling a visual analysis of seedling distribution. In this work, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was employed to capture visible light images of mung bean seedlings in a field across three height gradients of 2 m, 5 m, and 7 m following a time series approach. To improve detection accuracy, a small target detection layer (p2) was integrated into the YOLOv8-obb model, facilitating the identification of mung bean seedlings. Image detection performance and seedling information were analyzed considering various dates, heights, and resolutions, and the K-means algorithm was utilized to cluster feature points and extract row information. Linear fitting was performed via the least squares method to calculate planting layout parameters. The results indicated that on the 13th day post seeding, a 2640 × 1978 image captured at 7 m above ground level exhibited optimal detection performance. Compared with YOLOv8, YOLOv8-obb, YOLOv9, and YOLOv10, the YOLOv8-obb-p2 model improved precision by 1.6%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 2%, respectively, and F1 scores improved by 2.8%, 0.5%, 0.5%, and 3%, respectively. This model extracts precise information, providing reliable data for quantifying planting layout parameters. These findings can be utilized for rapid and large-scale assessments of mung bean seedling growth and development, providing theoretical and technical support for seedling counting and planting layouts in hole-seeded crops.