Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seedling Alfalfa

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling Alfalfa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling Alfalfa"

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CLOUTIER, Y., L. PELLETIER, and R. MICHAUD. "DEVELOPMENT OF A TEST FOR FREEZING TOLERANCE IN YOUNG ALFALFA SEEDLINGS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 1 (1990): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-036.

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An experiment was conducted to study the effects of seedling age on their ability to harden, and to determine whether cultivar × seedling age interaction could be identified for frost resistance. In the present study, 6- to 24-d-old alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings were significantly more freezing-tolerant after cold-hardening than unhardened controls. Cold-hardened seedlings of age varying from 8 to 24 d were hardier than 6-d-old seedlings. No cultivar × seedling age interaction was found. The best separation of the cultivars occurred between 18 and 24 d. These findings provide additional information towards the development of a rapid and reliable test for estimating freezing tolerance in alfalfa.Key words: Freezing test, alfalfa, cold hardiness, seedlings
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Smith, Albert E. "The Potential Allelopathic Characteristics of Bitter Sneezeweed (Helenium amarum)." Weed Science 37, no. 5 (1989): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450007260x.

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Research was conducted to determine the potential for allelopathy to occur in pastures infested with bitter sneezeweed. Aqueous extracts of bitter sneezeweed leaves reduced alfalfa and Italian ryegrass seedling growth as much as 50% at concentrations of 0.5% (w/v). Leaf extracts were more phytotoxic than either stem or root extracts and seedling growth was reduced more than seed germination. Bitter sneezeweed tissue mixed in potting soil at concentrations as low as 0.3% w/w reduced alfalfa seedling numbers by 43%, plant height by 26%, and foliage dry matter production by 54% compared to plants cultured in soil without bitter sneezeweed leaf tissue. The potential concentration of bitter sneezeweed leaf material in soil in the pasture ecosystem was determined to be 0.5% w/v in the liquid phase and 0.2% w/w in the solid phase. Alfalfa seedling growth was reduced by 70% when germinating seed were placed under a bell jar with a potted mature bitter sneezeweed plant compared to control seedlings. A potential exists for bitter sneezeweed interference with developing alfalfa and Italian ryegrass seedlings following fall interseeding into pastures infested with bitter sneezeweed.
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SIMONS, R. G. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEEDLING TRAITS AND MATURE PLANT YIELD IN ALFALFA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 1 (1990): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-023.

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To compare some seedling traits with the yield of alfalfa plants when grown as a crop stand, 1000 individually weighed seeds of Beaver alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were germinated in a growth chamber in a greenhouse mix containing soil. The dates of emergence and expansion of the first trifoliolate leaf, the weight of the first trifoliolate leaf, and the height, shoot number, leaf number and yield 10 wk after seeding were all correlated with each other. The seedlings were transplanted in late summer in to a 15 × 15-cm grid in the field, simulating a crop stand. Individual plant yields were determined in each of the two succeeding years. The number of shoots present at the first harvest was determined in the seedling year. There was no difference in the mean weight of seeds which emerged and those which did not. The mature plant traits were all strongly correlated with each other (P > 0.001). Although the seed weight and seedling traits had low correlations with mature plant traits (r < 0.25), the top 10% of seedlings on the basis of the date of first trifoliolate leaf expansion or seedling yield exceeded the population (averaged over the two years) by more than 31 and 41% respectively.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago, seedling, selection, yield
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Linscott, Dean L., and Richard H. Vaughan. "Fenoxaprop for Annual Foxtail (Setariasp.) Control in Seedling Perennial Forages." Weed Technology 4, no. 3 (1990): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025975.

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Seedling timothy tolerated fenoxaprop at 0.09 kg ai ha-1whereas seedling orchardgrass tolerated applications as high as 0.13 kg ai ha-1. Several fenoxaprop treatments increased perennial grass yields the year following establishment. Fenoxaprop appears to solve annual foxtail problems in new plantings of orchardgrass or timothy seeded alone. Over a 2-yr period, alfalfa yields in on alfalfa-grass mixture were maintained or increased from fenoxaprop applied the seedling year. In the mixtures, timothy yield declined in relation to fenoxaprop applied, but orchardgrass did not. Use of fenoxaprop on seedling alfalfa-timothy or alfalfa-orchardgrass mixtures is questionable.
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Hwang, S. F., B. D. Gossen, G. D. Turnbull, K. F. Chang, and R. J. Howard. "Seedbed preparation, timing of seeding, fertility and root pathogens affect establishment and yield of alfalfa." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 2 (2002): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-121.

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Invasion by grasses and weedy species occurs when plant density in alfalfa fields falls below critical levels. Several soil-borne fungal pathogens can reduce stand density in alfalfa by impeding seedling establishment and by killing older plants weakened by other stresses. Surveys of alfalfa fields were conducted in 1997, and pathogenic fungi from rotted roots were isolated and identified. Isolates of selected pathogens were applied with the seed in field trials to assess the impact of fertilizer and seeding system (conventional vs. sod-seeding, spring vs. dormant-fall seeding) on seedling emergence and subsequent productivity when disease pressure was high. The impact of various fungicide seed treatments was also assessed. Seed treatment improved seedling emergence and initial forage productivity in one of three trials; however, it had little effect on long-term forage yield. Addition of sulphur fertilizer had little effect on seedling emergence or survival, but improved forage productivity at all three trial sites. Sod-seeded plots suffered more winterkill and were less vigorous than plots seeded into a tilled seedbed. Seedling emergence was lower when seedlings were planted in the fall than in the spring. However, fall-seeded treatments showed a less adverse response to inoculum treatments and, in some cases, these seedlings were able to take advantage of early-season moisture to produce higher yields than their spring-seeded counterparts. Key words: Medicago, Fusarium, Pythium, Phoma, fungicide, seed treatment, fertilizer, tillage
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Samac, Deborah A., Samuel Schraber, and Stuart Barclay. "A Mineral Seed Coating for Control of Seedling Diseases of Alfalfa Suitable for Organic Production Systems." Plant Disease 99, no. 5 (2015): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0240-re.

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Most alfalfa seed is treated with the fungicide mefenoxam (Apron XL) for control of soilborne seedling diseases caused by Phytophthora medicaginis and Pythium spp. However, Apron XL is not active against Aphanomyces euteiches, the causal agent of Aphanomyces root rot (ARR), an important component of the alfalfa seedling root rot complex. Moreover, Apron XL-treated seed cannot be used in organic production systems. A seed coating using aluminosilicate (natural zeolite) at a rate of 0.33 g of zeolite per gram of alfalfa seed was tested as an alfalfa seed treatment. Inoculated growth chamber trials were conducted to determine the percentage of seedlings protected from Phytophthora root rot (PRR) and ARR. The mineral seed coating resulted in significantly greater control of PRR, with a mean of 89% healthy seedlings (disease score of 1 or 2 on a 1-to-5 scale) compared with the Apron XL treatment, with a mean of 38% healthy seedlings, or the control treatment, with 15% healthy seedlings. The mineral seed coating also resulted in significantly greater protection against ARR, with 67% healthy seedlings compared with 3 and 2% healthy seedlings with the Apron XL and control treatments, respectively. The coated seed were used for in vitro assays with Pythium ultimum and P. paroecandrum to test for protection from seed rot and damping off. The mineral seed coating resulted in a significantly greater percentage of healthy seedlings compared with the Apron XL and control treatments. In growth chamber assays with naturally infested field soils with a range of disease pressure, the mineral seed coating resulted in a similar or greater percentage of healthy plants than the Apron XL treatment. The mineral coating had no effect on in vitro growth of Sinorhizobium meliloti, and nodule numbers were similar on roots from mineral-coated and untreated seed. These experiments indicate that the zeolite seed coating is a promising means of controlling seedling diseases in alfalfa production systems.
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Fischer, Albert J., Jean H. Dawson, and Arnold P. Appleby. "Interference of Annual Weeds in Seedling Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." Weed Science 36, no. 5 (1988): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075445.

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Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. #4ECHCG] and pigweeds (mixture ofAmaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE andA. powelliiS. Wats. # AMAPO) seeded separately with alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) in mid-August suppressed alfalfa severely before frost killed them in October and November. Some alfalfa was killed, and yield of alfalfa forage was reduced in each of three harvests the following year. These weeds did not harm alfalfa seeded in mid-September. Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE) and tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimumL. # SSYAL) suppressed alfalfa seeded in August and September. They reduced alfalfa stands and reduced yield of alfalfa forage in each of three harvests the following year. Alfalfa seeded August 27 and allowed to compete with a mixture of these species for various periods was injured most by weeds that emerged with the alfalfa and remained uncontrolled until forage harvest in May. These weeds did not reduce alfalfa yields if removed by 36 days after alfalfa emergence. Thereafter, yield decreased as the period of weed interference increased. Interference was most damaging in early spring, when growth of winter annual weeds was rapid and vigorous. Weeds seeded 65 or more days after alfalfa emergence did not reduce alfalfa yields but sometimes produced enough biomass to reduce the quality of the first-cutting alfalfa hay.
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Kesoju, Sandya R., Rick A. Boydston, and Stephanie L. Greene. "Effect of Synthetic Auxin Herbicides on Seed Development and Viability in Genetically Engineered Glyphosate-Resistant Alfalfa." Weed Technology 30, no. 4 (2016): 860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-16-00045.1.

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Feral populations of cultivated crops have the potential to function as bridges and reservoirs that contribute to the unwanted movement of novel genetically engineered (GE) traits. Recognizing that feral alfalfa has the potential to lower genetic purity in alfalfa seed production fields when it is growing in the vicinity of foraging pollinators in alfalfa seed fields, industry has established production standards to control feral plants. However, with the commercialization of GE glyphosate-resistant (GR) alfalfa and the need to support the coexistence of both GE and conventional production, effective methods to control transgenic feral alfalfa need to be developed. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2012, 2013, and 2014 to determine the effect of several synthetic auxin herbicides on seed development in GR alfalfa. GR alfalfa, var. Genuity (R44BD16), was treated with dicamba, 2,4-D, triclopyr, and aminopyralid when alfalfa plants contained green seed pods. Two weeks after herbicide application, plants were harvested, air dried, and seed yield, seed germination, and seedling emergence from the soil were determined. In 2013, dicamba, triclopyr, and 2,4-D decreased alfalfa seed yield per plant compared wih nontreated plants, whereas in 2014, all four herbicides decreased alfalfa seed yield per plant 24 to 49% (by weight) compared with nontreated plants. The same trend was evident in 2012, but seed yield was variable and was not significantly different among treatments. Seed germination averaged 43, 50, and 72% in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, and was not affected by the four herbicides applied at early pod-fill stage. However, seeds harvested from plants treated with dicamba, 2,4-D, and triclopyr often produced deformed and abnormal seedlings, and when planted in soil, frequently failed to emerge. The combined effects of dicamba, 2,4-D, and triclopyr in reducing seed yield, seedling emergence, and seedling growth could contribute to managing feral alfalfa populations.
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Ells, James E., and Ann E. McSay. "Allelopathic Effects of Alfalfa Plant Residues on Emergence and Growth of Cucumber Seedlings." HortScience 26, no. 4 (1991): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.4.368.

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Growth chamber tests demonstrated that alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) residue is toxic to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed germination and seedling growth. Ground alfalfa roots at 0.5% (w/w, dry weight) inhibited germination when added to the growing medium. Alfalfa roots at 0.5% were also toxic to pregerminated cucumber seed. However, cucumber seedlings grew normally if this same medium was watered and incubated for >1 day before planting. Alfalfa particle size in media influenced cucumber performance, with the intermediate size (1 to 2 mm) being lethal to cucumbers.
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Tonks, Dennis, Larry S. Jeffery, and Bruce L. Webb. "Response of Seedling Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to Four Postemergence Herbicides." Weed Technology 5, no. 4 (1991): 736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033777.

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Response of seedling alfalfa to four herbicides applied at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th trifoliate leaf stages was evaluated in 1988 and 1989. There was no interaction between the herbicides and alfalfa growth stages at the time of herbicide application in either year. Bentazon did not reduce alfalfa height or yield of the first cutting in either year. The dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB and bromoxynil reduced first-cutting alfalfa yield in 1988 and 1989, respectively, and the butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-DB reduced first-cutting alfalfa yield both years. Each herbicide affected one or more measurements of alfalfa quality in at least one year.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling Alfalfa"

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Reffruschinni, Katie, David Robinson, and Albert Dobrenz. "Seedling Alfalfa Root Research." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203792.

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There has been limited research on the rooting patterns of alfalfa. This information would be important in developing new germplasm sources that are more water efficient, salt tolerant and drought tolerant. Ten alfalfa varieties were evaluated for possible genetic control of rooting traits. Seedlings were grown hydroponically in a growth chamber. The cultivars evaluated showed a significant statistical difference for width of lateral root system and number of lateral roots. The variation in seedling rooting patterns is sufficient to warrant a selection program for improved lateral rooting patterns.
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McKimmie, Tim, and Albert Dobrenz. "Salt Tolerance During Seedling Establishment in Alfalfa." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203790.

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Deposition of salts from irrigation water is an increasing concern for Arizona farmers and agronomists. Selection for salt tolerance during the seedling stage has been undertaken over the past three years. Yield tests were conducted in greenhouses and a significant increase in dry matter production was shown in the selected material.
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3

Thacker, Gary, and Stan Heathman. "Oxyflourfen (Goal) for Selective Control of Little Malva in Seedling Alfalfa." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203757.

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Little Malva (Malva porviflora L.) is an important weed that is resistant to herbicides that will selectively control most other broadleaf weeds in alfalfa. Oxyfluorfen (Goal) has been placed under an Experimental Use Permit for alfalfa. In 1987, this herbicide was evaluated for the selective control of malva in alfalfa in the Avra Valley west of Tucson. Oxyfluorfen stunted both the malva and the alfalfa. However, the alfalfa was stunted to a lesser degree, and had begun to recover three weeks after the application of oxyfluorfen. The malva did not recover, and the alfalfa was relieved from weed competition three weeks after treatment.
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4

Smith, S. E., and D. M. Conta. "Alfalfa Varieties from the 1920s to the 1980s: Comparison of Forage Yield During the Seedling Year." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200834.

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Melo, Jaila Ferreira [UNESP]. "Avaliação de isolados de Trichoderma spp. para controle de Phytophthora nicotianae." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132431.

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Submitted by JAILA FERREIRA MELO null (jailaferreiramelo@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-11T23:05:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação corrigida 2.pdf: 744284 bytes, checksum: 8607fad88a80aa948935c605abd7eb0a (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-12T11:23:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_jf_jabo_int.pdf: 744284 bytes, checksum: 8607fad88a80aa948935c605abd7eb0a (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-12T11:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_jf_jabo_int.pdf: 744284 bytes, checksum: 8607fad88a80aa948935c605abd7eb0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18<br>A cultura da laranja no Brasil é afetada por várias doenças, como a gomose, causada por Phytophtora nicotianae Breda de Haan (synonymous whit P. parasítica Dast.), cujo controle é comumente realizado com aplicações de fungicidas e medidas de exclusão. Porém, devido aos custos financeiros e problemas ambientais ocasionados pelo uso intenso destas aplicações, faz-se necessário a busca por métodos alternativos de controle. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar 50 isolados de Trichoderma spp. como antagonista de P. nicotianae, sendo que os isolados foram avaliados, através da produção de compostos antimicrobianos por meio destes microrganismos, além da realização de um bioensaio com plântulas de alfafa. No cultivo pareado observou-se que todos os isolados inibiram o crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno. Na produção de compostos antimicrobianos, 41 isolados produziram compostos voláteis utilizando dextrose como fonte de carbono. No entanto, em estudos posteriores, foi verificado que a utilização de sacarose ou maltose como fontes de carbono, aumentou a produção destes compostos. Sete isolados de Trichoderma produziram compostos termoestáveis e 14 produziram compostos antimicrobianos livres de células do antagônico. No bioensaio com plântulas de alfafa foi observado que quatro isolados de Trichoderma inibiram a formação de esporângios e de micélios do fitopatógeno. Diante dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as avaliações in vitro com relação à produção de compostos antimicrobianos pelos isolados de Trichoderma e o bioensaio com plântulas de alfafa mostraram capacidade para selecionar isolados com potencial para o controle de P. nicotianae. Os isolados TB12, TB14, TB28 e TB 30 foram os que proporcionaram maior controle da doença.<br>Orange crops in the Brazil are affected by various diseases such as gummosis caused by Phytophtora nicotianae Breda de Haan (synonymous whit P. parasítica Dast.), which is controlled by chemical fungicides. However, the high costs and environmental problems caused by the intensive use of these fungicides have led to the search for alternative methods of control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of 50 Trichoderma spp. isolates against P. nicotianae by the production of antimicrobial compounds and an alfalfa seedling bioassay. The paired culture showed that all isolates tested inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. In the production of antimicrobial compounds, 41 isolates produced volatile compounds using dextrose as carbon source; however, further assays showed that the use of sucrose or maltose as carbon source increases the production of these compounds. Seven isolates of Trichoderma spp. produced thermostable compounds and 14 isolates produced cell-free culture antimicrobial compounds of the antagonist. In the alfalfa seedling bioassay, four isolates of Trichoderma spp. inhibited the formation of sporangia and mycelia growth. The evaluation in vitro concerning to the antimicrobial compound production by the Trichoderma spp. isolates and the alfalfa seedling bioassay both were able to select biocontrol agents to control of P. nicotianae. The Trichoderma spp. isolates, TB12, TB14, TB28, and TB30 presented the best disease control.
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Ellsworth, Todd, David Robinson, and Albert Dobrenz. "PEG-Induced Stress on Alfalfa Seedlings." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203793.

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McKimmie, T., and A. K. Dobrenz. "Effects of Salinity on the Water Potential of Alfalfa Seedlings." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200810.

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Alfalfa seedlings were grown under saline conditions for six weeks and separated into two populations, based on height. Water potential was measured on roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of tall and short plants. Tall plants had a higher water potential for each plant part.
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Al-Suhaibani, Nasser Abdul-Rahman. "Physiological studies on the growth and survival of Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) seedlings under low temperatures." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388697.

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Mohamad, Ramzi Muhiddin. "N2-Fixation in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Seedlings and Rhizobium meliloti L. Grown in Vitro Under Salt and Drought Stresses." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3417.

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Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., cultivars, breeding lines and germplasm releases (populations) and Rhizobium meliloti L. strains that exhibit nitrogen fixation efficiency and tolerance to salinity and drought stresses should enhance seedling establishment, increase yields, reduce nitrogen dependency on petroleum-based nitrogen fertilizers, and allow wider use of irrigated lands in semiarid and a rid regions. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine relative salt (sodium chloride -- NaCl) tolerance: l) during germination and early seedling growth of 229 alfalfa populations from North Africa, the Middle East and the United States, 2) survival and growth of 92 rhizobial strains obtained from different laboratories in the United States or isolated from host plants growing in saline and arid regions of the Intermountain west, 3) compatibility, nodulation and nitrogen fixation efficiency of the most salt-tolerant alfalfa populations and rhizobial strains, and 4) survival, nodulation and nitrogen fixation efficiency of the most salt-tolerant alfalfa populations and rhizobial strain tested under drought conditions. Results from screening of alfalfa at salinity levels of 0 to 3.2 S m-1 (0.1 S m-1 = 640 mg L-1 = 10 mM NaCl at 25° C) indicated 29 populations exhibited salt tolerance at 2.8 S m-1. At salinity levels of 0 to 7.2 S m-1, 14 rhizobial strains exhibited salt tolerance at 6.4 s m-1. Compatibility, nodulation and nitrogen fixation efficiency in the 29 alfalfa populations and the 14 rhizobial strains under controlled conditions showed that four of the rhizobial strains were highly compatible with all 29 populations. These 29 populations and four strains were then exposed to 0 to 1.6 S m-1 NaCl, with the result that nitrogen was fixed with highly compatible symbionts at 1.6 S m-1 NaCl. From these results, the six most highly compatible alfalfa populations and the best overall rhizobial strain were combined and tested under simulated drought stress. These populations were able to fix more nitrogen under drought stress (-0.76 MPa) (0.088 nmol seedling-1 s-1) than they did under salt stress (1.6 S m-1) (0.066 nmol seedling-1 s-1). The in vitro screening technique for acetylene reduction appears to be a useful tool for detecting physiological changes due to salinity and water stresses and for measuring seedling nitrogen fixation efficiency. Breeding for drought and salinity tolerance in conjunction with high nitrogen fix ing potential may be more realistic than breeding strictly for nitrogen fixation without regard for environmental adaptation.
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Nygaard, Sharie L. "Factors affecting phytophthora root rot of seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13280609.html.

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Books on the topic "Seedling Alfalfa"

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Parker, Robert. Weed control in seedling alfalfa. Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1987.

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2

Parker, Robert. Weed control in seedling alfalfa. Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seedling Alfalfa"

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Sutherland, B. M., F. E. Quaite, and J. C. Sutherland. "DNA Damage Action Spectroscopy and DNA Repair in Intact Organisms: Alfalfa Seedlings." In Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78884-0_13.

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