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Journal articles on the topic 'Seedling emergence'
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1
Boligon, Alexandra Augusti, Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio, Sidinei José Lopes, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, and Danton Camacho Garcia. "Wheat seedling emergence estimated from seed analysis." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 3 (2011): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000300010.
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There are various vigor tests for the evaluation of seeds physiological quality, however, few studies correlate this tests with plants emergency. This study aimed at identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed analysis variables that best predict seedling emergence. Wheat seeds (CEP 30 cultivar) were divided into two batches, one initially subjected to the accelerated ageing process and forming the low-quality batch, and the other, without application of the accelerated ageing process, to compose a high-quality batch. The following seed test variables were evaluated: (i) percentage of normal seedlings in the germination tests, (ii) initial germination counting, (iii) accelerated ageing, (iv) cold test without soil, (v) germination speed index, and (vi) emergence of seedlings in sand after seven and 15 days. The following seedling characteristics were evaluated: root and shoot lengths, total length, and dry mass of the root and shoot. The characteristics evaluated for the seedlings were subjected to path analysis and the seed tests variables to stepwise multiple regression analysis, taking seedling emergence at seven days as the response variable. Factor analysis was also carried out on all variables. Dry mass of the shoot and root length presented the best correlation with seedling emergence for the high-quality batch, but this behavior was not observed for any variable in the low-quality batch. Accelerated ageing was the best seedling emergence estimator for both batches of the used cultivar.
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Cao, Suzhen, Kun Liu, Guozhen Du, et al. "Seedling emergence of 144 subalpine meadow plants: effects of phylogeny, life cycle type and seed mass." Seed Science Research 28, no. 1 (2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258518000028.
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AbstractTiming of seedling emergence is a critical aspect of a plant's life cycle, and it may influence the expression of other plant life history traits. However, most studies have been conducted at the population level, and thus little is known about timing of seedling emergence at the community level. In the field, we determined the peak emergence season for seedlings of 144 species collected from a subalpine meadow on the eastern Tibet Plateau in China. The proportion of species with seedlings emerging in autumn, spring and summer, seedling field emergence percentage (FE) and mean emergence time (MET) were analysed in relation to seed mass, life cycle type (annual/biennial and perennial) and phylogeny. The results showed that (1) the proportion of species with seedlings emerging in autumn (33%), spring (44%) and summer (23%) differed significantly; (2) overall, species with seedlings emerging in autumn had higher FE than those emerging during spring/summer; (3) there was a positive relationship between log-seed mass and log-MET, but log-seed mass had no significant effect on log-FE; (4) life cycle type did not affect seedling emergence; and (5) phylogeny significantly explained peak emergence season. These results suggest that seed mass and phylogenetic position are the main determinants of seedling emergence season. However, seedling peak emergence season affected FE, growing season length and resource utilization, and thus may be related to the importance of a species in the community.
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Roe, Nancy E., Peter J. Stoffella, and Donald Graetz. "Composts from Various Municipal Solid Waste Feedstocks Affect Vegetable Crops. I. Emergence and Seedling Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 3 (1997): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.3.427.
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The composition of composts derived from municipal solid wastes can affect emergence and seedling growth. Composts consisting of biosolids and yard trimmings [standard compost (SC)] alone or with mixed waste paper (MWP), refuse-derived fuel (RDF), or refuse-derived fuel residuals (RDFR) were evaluated in seedling trays and pots for vegetable crop seedling emergence and growth. In trays, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings emerged faster from a commercial peat-lite mix and from sandy field soil than from the composts. Plants were tallest and shoots were generally heaviest in the peat-lite mix and aged SC and smallest in the field soil. MWP compost generally inhibited early seedling growth more than RDF or RDFR composts. Among the composts, seedlings were tallest and heaviest in SC. In pots, growth of each vegetable was generally greatest in SC, followed by other composts, and lowest in sandy soil. Tomato and pepper seedling emergence was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the RDF, RDFR, and MWP composts than cucumber seedling emergence. Fertilizer increased plant growth in each medium except SC, in which cucumber stem diameter was not increased. Adding MWP, RDF, or RDFR to SC generally decreased seedling emergence and growth. The composts prolonged days to emergence and decreased percent emerged seedlings. However, subsequent seedling growth in composts was equal to or greater than seedlings in the peat-lite mix and much greater than those in the sandy field soil.
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Zhang, Bo, and Dehao Zhao. "An Ensemble Learning Model for Detecting Soybean Seedling Emergence in UAV Imagery." Sensors 23, no. 15 (2023): 6662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156662.
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Efficient detection and evaluation of soybean seedling emergence is an important measure for making field management decisions. However, there are many indicators related to emergence, and using multiple models to detect them separately makes data processing too slow to aid timely field management. In this study, we aimed to integrate several deep learning and image processing methods to build a model to evaluate multiple soybean seedling emergence information. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to acquire soybean seedling RGB images at emergence (VE), cotyledon (VC), and first node (V1) stages. The number of soybean seedlings that emerged was obtained by the seedling emergence detection module, and image datasets were constructed using the seedling automatic cutting module. The improved AlexNet was used as the backbone network of the growth stage discrimination module. The above modules were combined to calculate the emergence proportion in each stage and determine soybean seedlings emergence uniformity. The results show that the seedling emergence detection module was able to identify the number of soybean seedlings with an average accuracy of 99.92%, a R2 of 0.9784, a RMSE of 6.07, and a MAE of 5.60. The improved AlexNet was more lightweight, training time was reduced, the average accuracy was 99.07%, and the average loss was 0.0355. The model was validated in the field, and the error between predicted and real emergence proportions was up to 0.0775 and down to 0.0060. It provides an effective ensemble learning model for the detection and evaluation of soybean seedling emergence, which can provide a theoretical basis for making decisions on soybean field management and precision operations and has the potential to evaluate other crops emergence information.
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da Silva, Poliana Noemia, Vinícius Politi Duarte, Evaristo Mauro de Castro, Bruno Montoani Silva, Josiel de Jesus Santos, and Fabricio José Pereira. "Compaction of Iron Mining Tailings Impairs Seedling Emergence of Schinus terebinthifolia but Vigor Features Show Tolerance During Early Growth." Forests 16, no. 6 (2025): 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16060950.
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Soil compaction is a well-known harmful process for germination and seedling growth. Studies about compaction in mining tailings have been neglected despite being essential for the reforestation of impacted areas. This work evaluated the effects of compaction of iron mining tailings on the seedling emergence, early growth, and photosynthesis of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, a tolerant species with potential for reforestation. Experiments were implemented in a greenhouse where seeds of S. terebinthifolia were sown in iron mining tailings with four compaction treatments: (1) an uncompacted dry tailing, (2) uncompacted moistened tailing, (3) compacted dry tailing, and (4) compacted moistened tailing. Penetration resistance, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, seedling biometry, and photochemical traits were evaluated. Compacted moistened tailings showed the highest penetration resistance and uncompacted dry tailings the lowest. Other treatments showed intermediate means. The compacted moistened tailings produced the lowest seedling emergence rate and emergence speed index, and these parameters showed the highest means at uncompacted dry tailings with other treatments showing intermediate means. The compaction did not affect the seedling’s biometric parameters, with a similar growth among all treatments. S. terebinthifolia seedlings showed improved growth parameters during the experimental period, evidencing the potential of the species for the reforestation of impacted areas by iron mining tailings.
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Mendes-Rodrigues, Clesnan, Ana Paula de Souza Caetano, Diana Salles Sampaio, et al. "Gemellar Competition as a Key Component in Seed–Seedling Transition of Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex A. DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae)." Seeds 2, no. 2 (2023): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds2020014.
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The occurrence of more than one embryo per seed (polyembryony) is common among angiosperms; however, there are gaps in the knowledge of its effects on the early stages of plant development. In this context, we study the effects of polyembryony and intraspecific variability in gemellar competition during the seed–seedling transition in Neotropical Handroanthus chrysotricus (Bignoniaceae). We used seeds from five cultivated trees in an urban environment inserted in a biodiversity hotspot (Cerrado). Embryo mass, seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling morphometry were evaluated. We did not find intraspecific variability in seed germination, seedling emergence or the mean number of embryos and seedlings per seed. On the other hand, intraspecific variability was observed during the transition from embryo to seedling. When only one seedling emerged from a seed, the seed–seedling transition was more asynchronous than when more seedlings emerged from one seed (with higher uncertainty and a longer time to emergence of the last seedling). The mass of embryos and seedlings decreased with the increase in the number of embryos in a seed, reinforcing the occurrence of gemellar competition. However, the total mass of embryos per seed was similar. The increase in seedlings per seed also decreased the morphometric measurements of each one. A positive morphometric aspect of the emergence of two seedlings per seed was that they had the highest total seedling mass, evidencing the positive Allee effect. Polyembryony had both positive and negative effects on seed germination and seedling morphology in the species, which helps to understand how this phenomenon acts on seed biology and plant establishment.
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Zamani, Hamed, Hamidreza Mobasser, Aidin Hamidi, and Alireza Daneshmand. "Seed Germination Improvement, Emergence Uniformity and Seedling Health in Flue-Cured Tobacco by Dressing and Pelleting." Romanian Agricultural Research 39 (2022): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar3937.
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To improve seed germination and seedling emergence of K326 flue-cured tobacco seedlings by disinfection and pelleting, this research was conducted at Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center, Behshahr, Iran. Tobacco seeds were pelleted with metalaxyl, thiophanate methyl, imidacloprid, thiomethoxam and thiodicarb and disinfected by heating the seeds in hot air at 60°C for one hour, with hot water at 50°C for 10 minutes and by 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 4 minutes. The results showed that the lowest percentage of normal seedlings, seedling emergence immediately and one year after seed pelleting and rate of germination coefficient immediately after pelleting, was in case of pelleted seeds with 2 mm diameter. Non-pelleted seeds had the highest germination and seedling emergence did not decrease significantly one year after pelleting. The results of this study showed that all seed disinfection treatments improved germination and seedling emergence percentage in floating seedbed trays and transferable seedlings, also seedlings infected with collar rot, sciaridae fly and aphids were reduced. According to the results of this study, pelleted seeds with 1.5 mm diameter had better germination and seedling emergence.
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Möhler, Henrike, Tim Diekötter, Geeltje Marie Bauer, and Tobias W. Donath. "Conspecific and heterospecific grass litter effects on seedling emergence and growth in ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246459.
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Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. or common ragwort is a widespread noxious grassland weed that is subject to different regulation measures worldwide. Seedling emergence and growth are the most crucial stages for most plants during their life cycle. Therefore, heterospecific grass or conspecific ragwort litter as well as soil-mediated effects may be of relevance for ragwort control. Our study examines the effects of conspecific and heterospecific litter as well as ragwort conditioned soil on seedling emergence and growth. We conducted pot experiments to estimate the influence of soil conditioning (with, without ragwort), litter type (grass, ragwort, grass-ragwort-mix) and amount (200 g/m², 400 g/m²) on J. vulgaris recruitment. As response parameters, we assessed seedling number, biomass, height and number of seedling leaves. We found that 200 g/m² grass litter led to higher seedling numbers, while litter composed of J. vulgaris reduced seedling emergence. Litter amounts of 400 g/m² had negative effects on the number of seedlings regardless of the litter type. Results for biomass, plant height and leaf number showed opposing patterns to seedling numbers. Seedlings in pots treated with high litter amounts and seedlings in ragwort litter became heavier, grew higher and had more leaves. Significant effects of the soil conditioned by ragwort on seedling emergence and growth were negligible. The study confirms that the amount and composition of litter strongly affect seedling emergence and growth of J. vulgaris. Moreover, while conspecific litter and high litter amounts negatively affected early seedling development in ragwort, those seedlings that survived accumulated more biomass and got taller than seedlings grown in heterospecific or less dense litter. Therefore, ragwort litter has negative effects in ragwort germination, but positive effects in ragwort growth. Thus, leaving ragwort litter on pastures will not reduce ragwort establishment and growth and cannot be used as management tool.
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Abrecht, DG. "No-till crop establishment on red earth soils at Katherine, Northern Territory: effect of sowing depth and firming wheel pressure on the establishment of cowpea, mung bean, soybean and maize." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890397.
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The effect of sowing depth and firming wheel pressure of a no-till planter on the emergence and seedling growth of soybean, cowpea, mung bean and maize was examined in a red earth soil at Katherine, Australia. Each species was planted in a factorial combination of 3 sowing depths (60, 80, 100 mm) and 3 seed firming wheel pressures (1, 6, 11 kg/cm tyre width). Hot, dry conditions for 14 days after sowing resulted in rapid drying of the soil and high soil temperature. Most seed germinated but there was considerable variation in seedling emergence. Good seedling emergence of mung bean (96%) and cowpea (95%) contrasted with poorer emergence of soybean (57%) and maize (50%). Maize germinated more slowly than the grain legumes and unemerged seedlings had ceased growing when the coleoptiles were < 10 mm long. Soybean germinated rapidly and hypocotyls of the unemerged seedlings had stopped growing within 20 mm of the soil surface. The development of maize and soybean seedlings may have been retarded by high temperatures and severe soil water deficits. Deep planting slowed emergence but increased seedling growth in maize and soybean. The effect was most evident in soybean. Firming wheel pressure did not influence the soil strength below the planted seed and did not significantly affect seed germination, seedling emergence or seedling growth.
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Zhang, Jianhua, and Paul B. Cavers. "Seedling emergence after maternal bentazon application to 10 cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) populations." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (1994): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-157.
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Maternal environments have been reported to affect various seed and seedling characteristics in many plants. In this study, we examined the effect of bentazon application to the mother plants on seed germination and seedling emergence of 10 cocklebur populations from wetlands or cultivated land. The mortality or longevity of fully developed seeds was affected significantly by bentazon application. Rate of seedling emergence showed little response, whereas percentage seedling emergence and percentage viable seeds in the soil were reduced by bentazon treatment to the mother plants. Populations from wetlands produced seedlings earlier than those from cultivated land. Key words: Seedling emergence, seed bank, herbicide, bentazon, cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium
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TAAB, Alireza, and Aritz ROYO-ESNAL. "Modelling seedling emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus affected by soil depth." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 21, no. 2 (2023): e1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19814.
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Aim of study: To determine and quantify the effect of seed burial depths on the seedling emergence pattern of Amaranthus retroflexus in field conditions.
 Area of study: West of Iran (Ilam).
 Material and methods: The seedling emergence of an A. retroflexus was studied in an outdoor pot experiment, burying the seeds at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm in the soil in Ilam (Iran) in two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011. Different models were tested to predict the cumulative seedling emergence, and the log logistic model was found to be the best for this A. retroflexus population. Newly estimated Tb values, slightly different each year, but lower than those of the references, were estimated and set at 2.6 ºC and 0 ºC in 2010 and 2011, respectively.
 Main results: The seedling emergence in the west of Iran take place over a period from early February to late May. The level of seed dormancy can be reduced during autumn and winter burial in the soil or after a dry storage. Seed dormancy reduction resulted in a lower base temperature for germination/emergence followed by increase of the seedling emergences. Moreover, light in the soil surface and higher fluctuation in temperature at shallower soil depths may stimulate the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. retroflexus.
 Research highlights: Total emerged seedlings and emergence pattern are affected by soil depth and the level of dormancy. The results obtained in this study can be used to optimize the timings of the weed management activities.
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Morgan, JW. "Ecological Studies of the Endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides. II. Patterns of Seedling Emergence and Survival in a Native Grassland." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 1 (1995): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950013.
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The emergence, survival and growth of seedlings of the endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. were followed in a Themeda triandra grassland during 1991 and 1992. The effect of summer irrigation on seedling survival was also investigated. Seedling emergence occurred in both years within 2 weeks of the 'autumn break' when soil moisture rose above 20%. Ninety percent of emergence was observed within 4 weeks of the onset of germination and 87% of seedlings were within 20 cm of an established plant. No emergence was observed after 8 weeks. Thirteen percent of the 1991 cohort survived for 14 months. Mortality of most seedlings (63%) was attributed to soil moisture stress in summer. Small seedlings (Ͱ4 3 leaves) were no more susceptible to drought than larger seedlings. Seventy two percent of the 1991 cohort produced four leaves before subsequently dying. In 1992, however, most early seedling mortality was amongst cotyledonary seedlings. No seedlings flowered in their first year. Above-ground growth was slow and by 14 months, 60% of surviving seedlings had seven or fewer live leaves. Irrigation in a year of below-average rainfall had no significant effect on the survival and growth of seedlings. This suggests that seedling recruitment is not restricted to climatically favourable years (i.e. is not episodic) but rather, is potentially on-going provided suitable microsites are available for seedling survival.
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Svenson, Sven E. "Shading and DCPTA Interactively Influence Shoot Growth of Hypoestes." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 854D—854. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.854d.
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The objective of this study was to determine if shading and DCPTA application interactively influence seedling emergence and shoot growth of Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak. seedlings. Hypoestes `Carmine Red' seeds were soaked for 6 h in distilled water, and then soaked 6 h in solutions containing' 10 mg DCPTA/liter (30 mM) and 0.1% Tween-80, 0.1% Tween-80, or distilled water. Date of seedling emergence was recorded after sowing (0.5 cm) in 9-cm (460 ml) pots filled with 440 ml of a 5 pine bark: 4 Florida sedge peat: 1 sand medium. Forty pots from each of the three seed-soak treatments were grown under 30%, 63%, or 84% shading, provided by saran-type shadecloth, using natural photoperiods (completely randomized design). Shoot heights and dry weights were recorded 75 days after sowing. Neither shading nor DCPTA influenced total seedling emergence or seedling emergence rate (time to 50% emergence). Under 30% shading, seedlings from DCPTA-treated seeds were taller and had more shoot dry weight than seedlings from surfactant- or water-treated-seeds; however, DCPTA did not influence seedling height or shoot weight under 63% or 84% shading.
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Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Influence of Seed Vigor, Herbicide Rates, and Incorporation Depths on Emergence and Seedling Development of Soybean (Glycine max)." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (1992): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036290.
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Imazaquin at 140, 280, and 420 g ai ha-1did not negatively affect seedling emergence from high vigor (98% germination) soybean seed but, coupled with a 5.0-cm herbicide incorporation depth, reduced seedling emergence from low vigor (67% germination) seed at all rates. Imazaquin at 420 g ha-1incorporated 5.0 cm deep reduced low and high vigor seedling height 36 and 28%, respectively. Imazaquin at all rates reduced root length from high vigor seed, whereas only the high rate reduced root length of seedlings from low vigor seed. Although 420 g ha-1metribuzin did not affect seedling emergence or root length, emerged seedlings were severely damaged when herbicide was incorporated to 5.0 cm. Trifluralin at 840 and 1680 g ai ha-1reduced emergence of low vigor seed when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 840 g ha-1did not affect seedling height or root length, but 1680 g ha-1reduced height of seedling from low and high vigor seed by 86 and 66% when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 1680 g ha-1reduced shoot dry weight of both types of seedlings only at the 5.0-cm incorporation depth.
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Liu, Minguo, Wen-Hao Su, and Xi-Qing Wang. "Quantitative Evaluation of Maize Emergence Using UAV Imagery and Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (2023): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15081979.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate assessment of crop emergence helps breeders select appropriate crop genotypes, and farmers make timely field management decisions to increase maize yields. Crop emergence is conventionally quantified by manual calculations to quantify the number and size of seedlings, which is laborious, inefficient, and unreliable and fails to visualize the spatial distribution and uniformity of seedlings. Phenotyping technology based on remote sensing allows for high-throughput evaluation of crop emergence at the early growth stage. This study developed a system for the rapid estimation of maize seedling emergence based on a deep learning algorithm. The RGB images acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used to develop the optimal model for the recognition of seedling location, spacing, and size, and the prediction performance of the system was evaluated in three stations during 2021–2022. A case study was conducted to show the evaluation of the system for maize seedlings and combined with TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) analysis. The results show that the system has good prediction performance for maize seedling count with an average R2 value of 0.96 and an accuracy of 92%; however, shadows and planting density influence its accuracy. The prediction accuracy reduces significantly when the planting density is above 90,000 plants/ha. The distribution characteristics of seedling emergence and growth were also calculated based on the average value and variation coefficient of seedling spacing, seedling area, and seedling length. The estimation accuracies for the average value of seedling spacing, the coefficient of variation of seedling spacing, the average value of the seedling area, the coefficient of variation of the seedling area, and the average value of the seedling length were 87.52, 87.55, 82.69, 84.51, and 90.32%, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed system can quickly analyze the maize seeding growth and uniformity characteristics of experimental plots and locate plots with poor maize emergence.
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Weekley, Carl W., Eric S. Menges, and Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio. "Seedling emergence and survival of Warea carteri (Brassicaceae), an endangered annual herb of the Florida Scrub." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 7 (2007): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-061.
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Seedling emergence and survival to flowering are critical processes in the life history of annual plants. We evaluated the importance of year and habitat on seedling emergence and the effects of year, habitat, timing of seedling emergence, and seedling density on survival of Warea carteri Small, an annual mustard endemic to Florida scrub. We tagged 1329 seedlings in 78 permanent 0.25 m2 quadrats in two habitats (scrub and disturbed) between 1999 and 2002 and followed seedlings monthly. Most (>80%) seedling emergence occurred between September and December. Emergence peaked 2 months earlier and was more variable in disturbed sites than in scrub. Seedling survival among years ranged from 3.5% to 12.0%. Seedling density varied from 1 to 75 per 0.25 m2 quadrat, with an overall median of 6.0. Survival was not density dependent. Median age at flowering ranged from 11.7 to 15.2 months, with late season recruits most likely to survive to flowering. Warea carteri recruits like a winter annual but flowers like a summer annual. Its delayed germination and a 12–15 month life span contribute to population cycling. Complete reproductive failure in unfavorable years, high seed production in favorable years, low rates of seed germination, and a persistent seed bank are consistent with predictions for an annual species in a variable habitat.
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Wurr, D. C. E., Jane R. Fellows, and L. P. Bufton. "Effects of seed covering treatments on the emergence and seedling growth of crisp lettuce drilled with an experimental dibber drill." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 3 (1985): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600059426.
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SUMMARYPelleted seed of the crisp lettuce variety Pennlake was sown on five occasions with units from either the experimental dibber drill designed by the National Institute of Agricultural Engineering or a Stanhay S870 drill. There were three dibber-drill treatments: seeds left in open holes or covered with peat–vermiculite or perlite. Seedling emergence and growth from each sowing of the four drill treatments were compared under different moisture regimes.There were large differences between drill treatments in emergence percentage, time to emergence of 50% of the seedlings which emerged (t50) and seedling weight at all sowings but there was a significant effect of drill treatment on the standard deviation of seedling emergence times at only one sowing. Of the dibber-drill treatments, only very occasionally did open holes or perlite cover give significantly better emergence than peat-vermiculite cover, which gave the most consistent results. In general, the dibber drill with peat-vermiculite cover gave significantly faster and higher emergence and heavier seedlings than the Stanhay drill. Differences in percentage seedling emergence tended to be greater under dry conditions.
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Wurr, D. C. E., and Jane R. Fellows. "The influence of sowing depth and seed press wheel weighting on seedling emergence of crisp lettuce." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 3 (1985): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600044415.
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SummaryThe effects on emergence and growth of crisp lettuce seedlings as a result of sowing seeds at different depths and pressing them into the furrow bottom with a weighted seed press wheel were examined in three similar experiments in 1982, 1983 and 1984. Sowing depth had a considerable effect on percentage seedling emergence and the spread of emergence times but the pattern of response varied from year to year and appeared to be related to differences in soil moisture content. The most uniform emergence and the highest level of emergence were achieved by sowing shallowly (< 10 mm) with rainfall almost immediately after sowing then keeping the soil moisture content close to field capacity for 2 days. When rainfall or irrigation were delayed, drilling 15–20 mm deep gave more consistent results. Effects on seedling weight and variability of weight were associated with the time and uniformity of seedling emergence. Later emerging seedlings were lighter and a wide spread of emergence times gave seedlings of variable weight. There was virtually no effect on emergence of using additional weights on a seed press wheel.
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Prato, Andrés I., L. Felipe Daibes, Miguel A. Pabón, Alvaro A. Castaño, Carolina Santos-Heredia, and Claudimar S. Fior. "Seedling Emergence of the Tree Legume Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff, Endemic from a Colombian Tropical Rainforest." Forest Science 67, no. 4 (2021): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab013.
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Abstract Seedling emergence is the main propagation method of forest species. Thus, we aimed to evaluate emergence aspects of the tree legume Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff (sapán or blackheart sapán), a Fabaceae of high economic value endemic to the Colombian rainforest. We characterized the biometry of legumes and seeds and assessed seedling emergence in three experiments: (1) effect of fruit color and substrate, (2) seed conservation in storage, and (3) presoaking and seed position. Our results showed that seeds of green-yellow fruits have greater length and weight and a water content of up to 53%. Seedling emergence did not differ between green-yellow and dark-brown fruits but did differ with substrate type; nearly 80% of seedlings emerged in the sand substrate (S1), but only 62% emerged in the mixed substrate (S3). Fresh sapán seeds are nondormant, showing a recalcitrant behavior in which seedling emergence decreased after storage in all tested conditions. Both seed-sowing positions allowed an emergence of &gt;80% with a small benefit of the hilum downward, regardless of presoaking treatments. However, these differences did not affect seedling height or biomass after emergence. Our results provide basic knowledge on production of tropical seedlings, seeking species conservation, and use in restoration projects.
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Sayar, R., H. Bchini, M. Mosbahi, and H. Khemira. "Response of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) growth to salt and drought stresses." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, No. 2 (2010): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/85/2009-cjgpb.
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Two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars were tested for salt and drought tolerance at germination, seedling emergence and early seedling growth in NaCl and PEG-8000 solutions of different osmotic potentials (&ndash;0.2, &ndash;0.4, &ndash;0.6 and &ndash;0.8 MPa). Daily and final germination and emergence percentage, as well as germination and seedling emergence rate, seedling growth, fresh and dry weight were recorded under controlled conditions. Results showed that germination and emergence rates were delayed by both solutions in both cultivars, but Omrabia showed higher germination and emergence rates than BD290273 in NaCl while BD290273 was less affected by NaCl and PEG solutions at the emergence stage. Sodium chloride had a lesser effect on both cultivars in terms of germination rate, emergence rate, final germination and emergence percentage than did PEG-8000. This conclusively proves that the adverse effect of PEG-8000 on germination, emergence and early seedling growth was due to the osmotic effect rather than to the specific ion. Seedling growth was reduced by both stresses. However, NaCl usually caused less damage than PEG to durum wheat seedlings, suggesting that NaCl and PEG acted through different mechanisms.
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Zhang, Jianhua, and M. A. Maun. "Effects of sand burial on seed germination, seedling emergence, survival, and growth of Agropyron psammophilum." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 2 (1990): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-041.
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Studies were conducted to determine the effects of sand burial on seed germination, seedling emergence, survival, and growth of Agropyron psammophilum. In the field, seedlings of A. psammophilum emerged from burial depths ranging from 0 to 7 cm. The mean depth of seedling emergence was 2.96 ± 1.06 (mean ± SD) cm, with more than 80% individuals emerging from 0 to 4 cm depths of sand burial. In a greenhouse, seeds of A. psammophilum were artificially buried by sand to depths of 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 cm. Higher emergence percentages were obtained at 2 and 4 cm burial depths and no seedling emerged from depths greater than 8 cm. The percent germination of buried seeds, percent emergence, and emergence rte of seedlings showed negative correlation with burial depth. Burial of young seedlings up to a depth of 6 cm stimulated their growth in height, leaf and tiller production, and overall dry weight. When the burial depth exceeded 6 cm, some seedlings died and if seedlings were buried to 100% of their height (11 cm for 1-week-old and 22 cm for 2-week-old seedlings), all seedlings died.
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Li, Qiang, Pujia Yu, Xiaoying Chen, Guangdi Li, Daowei Zhou, and Wei Zheng. "Facilitative and Inhibitory Effect of Litter on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Six Herbaceous Species in an Early Successional Old Field Ecosystem." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/101860.
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In the current study, a field experiment was conducted to examine effects of litter on seedling emergence and early growth of four dominant weed species from the early successional stages of old field ecosystem and two perennial grassland species in late successional stages. Our results showed that increased litter cover decreased soil temperature and temperature variability over time and improved soil moisture status. Surface soil electrical conductivity increased as litter increased. The increased litter delayed seedling emergence time and rate. The emergence percentage of seedlings and establishment success rate firstly increased then decreased as litter cover increased. When litter biomass was below 600 g m−2, litter increased seedlings emergence and establishment success in all species. With litter increasing, the basal diameter of seedling decreased, but seedling height increased. Increasing amounts of litter tended to increase seedling dry weight and stem leaf ratio. Different species responded differently to the increase of litter.Puccinellia tenuifloraandChloris virgatawill acquire more emergence benefits under high litter amount. It is predicted thatChloris virgatawill dominate further in this natural succession old field ecosystem with litter accumulation. ArtificialP. tenuifloraseeds addition may be required to accelerate old field succession toward matured grassland.
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Latva-Karjanmaa, Tarja, Leena Suvanto, Kari Leinonen, and Hannu Rita. "Emergence and survival of Populus tremula seedlings under varying moisture conditions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 11 (2003): 2081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-129.
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Aspen produces large numbers of seeds, even though it mainly reproduces asexually with root suckers. The aim of this study was to find out how different moisture conditions affect emergence and survival of Populus tremula L. seedlings. This was studied with a sowing experiment (totally randomized factorial design). There were altogether 10 blocks, each containing 16 microsites and three treatments (sowing time, watering, sowing shelter) replicated twice in each block. Seedlings emerged on 56% of microsites. Sowing time affected seedling emergence. Both the proportion of microsites with seedlings and the number of seedlings per microsite were lower after first than after second sowing, when the weather was rainier. Watering increased the number of seedlings per microsite, but the proportion of micro sites with at least one seedling was not affected. Sowing shelter had a negative effect on the seedling emergence, especially after second sowing. The survival of seedlings was low (10%) and strongly dependent on watering. The effect of block and its interactions with treatments indicated that seedling emergence and survival depended also on seedbed conditions. We conclude that sexual reproduction of aspen may occur in nature, but it is rare. The seeds also maintained their germinability longer than earlier observed.
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Melo, Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de, Tatiane Sanches Jeromini, Carlos Eduardo Affonso, Edna Ursulino Alves, and Cibele Chalita Martins. "Vigor tests in assessing the quality of signal grass seeds." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (2017): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3491.
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The correct assessment of the physiological quality of seed lots is necessary for the quality control program of companies. For such purpose, tests that detect differences in the physiological potential of seed lots and that meet the minimum market requirements. Thus, the study was conducted towards assessing the efficiency of laboratory tests in differentiating the quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés seed lots. Seeds from nine lots were assessed regarding water content, germination, first germination count, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence in sand in the laboratory (normal seedlings, first count and germination rate index), and the results were compared with those from the seedling emergence test conducted in the field. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replicates, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between the values from the germination, vigor and field seedling emergence tests was determined. The germination and seedling emergence in sand tests and the seedling emergence rate index efficiently assess the physiological quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés seed lots, providing data similar to those from seedling emergence in the field.
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Tang, Jiao, Carlos Alberto Busso, Deming Jiang, et al. "Experimental sand burial affects seedling survivorship, morphological traits, and biomass allocation of <i>Ulmus pumila</i> var. <i>sabulosa</i> in the Horqin Sandy Land, China." Solid Earth 7, no. 4 (2016): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1085-2016.
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Abstract. As a native tree species, Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa (sandy elm) is widely distributed in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. However, seedlings of this species have to withstand various depths of sand burial after emergence because of increasing soil degradation, which is mainly caused by overgrazing, climate change, and wind erosion. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the changes in its survivorship, morphological traits, and biomass allocation when seedlings were buried at different burial depths: unburied controls and seedlings buried vertically up to 33, 67, 100, or 133 % of their initial mean seedling height. The results showed that partial sand burial treatments (i.e., less than 67 % burial) did not reduce seedling survivorship, which still reached 100 %. However, seedling mortality increased when sand burial was equal to or greater than 100 %. In comparison with the control treatment, seedling height and stem diameter increased at least by 6 and 14 % with partial burial, respectively. In the meantime, seedling taproot length, total biomass, and relative mass growth rates were at least enhanced by 10, 15.6, and 27.6 %, respectively, with the partial sand burial treatment. Furthermore, sand burial decreased total leaf area and changed biomass allocation in seedlings, partitioning more biomass to aboveground organs (e.g., leaves) and less to belowground parts (roots). Complete sand burial after seedling emergence inhibited its re-emergence and growth, even leading to death. Our findings indicated that seedlings of sandy elm showed some resistance to partial sand burial and were adapted to sandy environments from an evolutionary perspective. The negative effect of excessive sand burial after seedling emergence might help in understanding failures in recruitments of sparse elm in the study region.
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Oliveira, Érica Lima de, João Ricardo de Oliveira, Mayara Fávero Cotrim, et al. "Alternative substrates and shading in the initial development of Croton lechleri seedlings." Caderno Pedagógico 21, no. 13 (2024): e12211. https://doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv21n13-274.
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Croton lechleri (dragon's blood) is a forest species used by traditional Amazonian communities for medicinal purposes, with potential for use in degraded area recovery and as a source of additional income for some communities. However, silvicultural studies on this species are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of substrates and shading levels on seedling emergence and initial development of C. lechleri seedlings. A completely randomized statistical design with four replications was used, arranged in a 7 x 5 factorial setup (substrates and shading levels). The variables analyzed were seedling emergence, emergence speed index, relative emergence frequency, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry mass, stem diameter, and leaf count. Alternative substrates composed of carbonized rice husk and commercial substrate at all shading levels studied favored the emergence and emergence speed index of C. lechleri seedlings. In the 80% shade environment, the substrate consisting of forest topsoil + aged chicken manure (3:1) proved suitable for post-emergence seedling development of C. lechleri.
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Francisco Elder Carlos Bezerra Pereira, Tatiane Sanches Jeromini, Givanildo Zildo da Silva, Salvador Barros Torres, and Cibele Chalita Martins. "Evaluation of the physiological potential of Panicum maximum seeds by multivariate analysis." Bioscience Journal 38 (March 31, 2022): e38017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-53754.
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The aim of this work was to identify efficient vigor tests for differentiating the seed lots, forecasting seedling emergence in the field and assessing the physiological quality of Panicum maximum seeds. 12 seed lots from the cultivar Tanzania and 11 seed lots from the cultivar Massai were evaluated for water content, germination, first count and germination speed index, emergence and first emergence count of seedlings in sand, root length and shoot length, analysis of SVIS® images (seedling length, vigor and uniformity index) and seedling emergence in the field. The work was conducted in a completely randomized design for tests performed in the laboratory and in randomized blocks for tests in the field. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by Scott Knott's test at 5% probability and statistical multivariate clustering analysis and principal components analysis. The shoot and root length tests are efficient for the evaluation of the physiological potential of P. maximum cv. Massai, while the seedling length, vigor index and growth uniformity index tests using image analysis, seedling emergence in sand and first seedling emergence count in sand are efficient in assessing the physiological potential of seeds of P. maximum cv. Tanzania, and providing information similar to that of seedling emergence in the field.
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Taylor, A. G., and C. W. Ten Broeck. "Seedling Emergence Forces of Vegetable Crops." HortScience 23, no. 2 (1988): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.2.367.
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Abstract Individual seedling emergence forces were determined for nine vegetable crops with an universal testing instrument (Model TTCM Instron). The seed energy content also was calculated with an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Seed weights of the different crops were correlated with seedling forces and the seed energy content. The time required to achieve the maximum force varied among crops and the pressure exerted varied from 26 mN for table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to 3400 mN for snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Equipment was developed to measure the combined seedling emergence forces of 50 seedlings. Snap bean seeds were sized into three groups: 200, 275, and 350 mg per seed. Total force, percent seedling emergence, force per seedling, pressure exerted, and energy content increased in a linear trend as seed size increased. An inverse relation existed between the capacity of seeds to use reserve materials and seed size. Small-sized seeds were more efficient in using reserve materials than large ones.
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Baron, Daniel, Gisela Ferreira, Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro, and Martha Maria Mischan. "Evaluation of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) Seedlings." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (2011): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011005000053.
Full textAbstract:
Choosing a substrate is the determinant factor for the seedling producer; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three treatments and five replicates of 72 seeds per plot. The treatments consisted of the following substrates: coconut fiber, vermiculite and Plantmax® Citrus. The number of emerged seedlings was weekly counted for 105 days. Data regarding seedling height were obtained, and the emergence velocity index and mean time, besides total emergence percentage and that over time were calculated. Results from total mean emergence percentage, seedling height, emergence velocity index (EVI), and mean emergence time (MET) were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey's test at 5% significance. The curves concerning the emergence percentage over time were fit by the logistic growth equation for each treatment and the means of each parameter (A, B, C) were compared by the Duncan's test at 5% significance. The substrates vermiculite led to the highest values of emergence percentage differing from the PlantMax® Citrus, but not of the coconut fiber, however the vermiculite promoted seedling height in a shorter time; therefore, this substrate is recommended for the initial development of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings.
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Souto, Antônio Gustavo de Luna, Jussara Cristina Firmino da Costa, Nathalia Luiza Ferreira Campos, Jéssica Laísca Fernanda de Azevedo, and Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos. "Effect of temperature on passion fruit emergence and seedling vigor." Journal of Seed Science 39, no. 1 (2017): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v39n1169920.
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Abstract: Seedlings for commercial growing of passion fruit are preferentially acquired through seeds. Success in germination and seedling emergence, in turn, is influenced by the genetic constitution of the progenies and the thermal conditions imposed on the growth environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the emergence and vigor of seedlings of passion fruit cultivars exposed to different temperatures. The experiment was conducted in a germination chamber at the Unidade de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão / Pomar Campus of the Department of Plant Science of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). The study was carried out in 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, with five temperature ranges (5-15, 10-20, 15-25, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and three varieties of passion fruit (BRS Sol do Cerrado, BRS Gigante Amarelo and FB-200 Yellow Master) in a completely randomized design with six replications of 25 seeds per plot. The variables analyzed were the percentage, the speed index, and the average time of emergence, shoot length, total length, and seedling dry matter. The cultivars BRS Sol do Cerrado and BRS Gigante Amarelo exhibited seedling emergence of over 95% in the temperature ranges of 20-30 °C and 25-35 °C. Alternating temperatures from 20-30 °C stimulates seedling emergence, seedling growth, and greater accumulation of seedling dry matter.
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Magnitskiy, Stanislav V., Claudio C. Pasian, Mark A. Bennett, and James D. Metzger. "Controlling Plug Height of Verbena, Celosia, and Pansy by Treating Seeds with Paclobutrazol." HortScience 41, no. 1 (2006): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.1.158.
Full textAbstract:
Shoot stretching in plug production reduces quality and makes mechanized transplanting difficult. The objectives of this study were to measure seedling emergence and shoot height of plugs as affected by paclobutrazol application during seed soaking, priming, or coating on seedling emergence and height. Verbena (Verbena ×hybrida Voss. `Quartz White'), pansy (Viola wittrockiana L. `Bingo Yellow Blotch'), and celosia (Celosia cristata L. `New Look') seeds were soaked in water solutions of paclobutrazol and subsequently dried on filter paper at 20 °C for 24 h. Soaking seeds in paclobutrazol solutions before sowing reduced growth and percentage seedling emergence of verbena and pansy but had little effect on those of celosia. Verbena seeds soaked in 50, 200, or 500 mg paclobutrazol/L for 5, 45, or 180 min produced fewer and shorter seedlings than controls. Osmopriming verbena seeds with 10 to 500 mg paclobutrazol/L reduced seedling emergence. Seedling height and emergence percentage of pansy decreased with increasing paclobutrazol concentrations from 2 to 30 mg·L–1 and with soaking time from 1 to 5 min. The elongation of celosia seedlings was reduced by soaking seeds in 10, 50, 200, or 500 mg paclobutrazol/L solutions for 5, 180, or 360 min. However, these reductions were negligible and without any practical application.
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Lamichhane, Jay Ram. "Post-emergence seedling damage due to vertebrate pests and its impact on soybean establishment." PeerJ 9 (March 31, 2021): e11106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11106.
Full textAbstract:
The quality of field crop establishment is an indicator of the productivity and yield quality of a given crop. Several biotic and abiotic factors, as well as cropping practices, affect the quality of field crop establishment. More specifically to soybean, recent studies quantified pre-emergence seedling losses and identified the associated causes of non-emergence. However, little is known about post-emergence seedling damage, mainly due to vertebrate pests, which represent an important problem for growers. A 2-year field observation was conducted to quantify near- and post-emergence seedling damage due to vertebrate pests. The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) and the European hare (Lepus europaeus) were associated with this kind of damage. The characteristic damage due to the common wood pigeon consisted of either partially-damaged cotyledons during emergence or completely uprooted seedlings at emergence. In contrast, damage due to the European hare consisted of chewed seedling or seedling parts. There was significant effect of year (p < 0.001) on the final rates of post-emergence seedling damage due to the wood pigeon but not on those due to the European hare. The final rates of post-emergence damage due to the wood pigeon were higher (32% for 2018 and 22% for 2020) compared with those owing to the European hare (18% for 2018 and 17% for 2020). The severity of damage due to vertebrate pests was related to the type of seedling damage that, in turn, affected the capacity of soybean to compensate for post-emergence seedling damage.
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Blowes, WM. "Effect of ryegrass root residues, knockdown herbicides, and fungicides on the emergence of barley in sandy soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870785.
Full textAbstract:
Poor seedling emergence of 30 000 ha of winter crops occurred in Western Australia in 1984 after herbicides were used to kill weeds prior to sowing. In pot experiments to determine the possible cause(s), the emergence of barley seedlings was reduced by the presence of both herbicide treated and untreated ryegrass root residues in the soil. Fumigation of the soil with methy1 bromide or the application of a fungicide soil drench restored seedling emergence in the presence of ryegrass root residues, but benomyl drench was less effective than methyl bromide fumigant or furalaxyl soil drench. The effects of the residue, fumigant and furalaxyl were consistent in the 3 soils used but soif type affected the severity of the problem. In the presence of ryegrass root residues, Pythim species colonised the large roots and subsurface hypocotyl of barley seedlings. Metalaxyl seed dressing reduced the colonisation of barley seedlings by Pythim species and restored seedling emergence.
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Chauhan, Bhagirath S., and Seth B. Abugho. "Effect of Crop Residue on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Selected Weed Species in a Sprinkler-Irrigated Zero-Till Dry-Seeded Rice System." Weed Science 61, no. 3 (2013): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00147.1.
Full textAbstract:
Crop residues acting as mulches can influence weed seedling emergence and weed biomass. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice residue amounts (0, 3, and 6 t ha−1) on seedling emergence of eight weed species in zero-till dry-seeded rice. The highest seedling emergence of spiny amaranth, southern crabgrass, crowfootgrass, junglerice, eclipta, goosegrass, and Chinese sprangletop was observed in the absence of residue. Seedling emergence of these weeds declined with increasing residue amounts; however, the greatest and most substantial reductions in emergence occurred with 6 t ha−1of residue. The presence of residue also resulted in less weed biomass than with the no-residue treatment. The emergence and biomass of threelobe morningglory seedlings, however, were not influenced by residue amounts. The use of residue also increased the time taken to reach 50% of maximum emergence for some species, for example, spiny amaranth and Chinese sprangletop. The results of our study suggest that the use of residue at high rates can help suppress seedling emergence and growth of many weeds. However, there is a need to integrate other weed management strategies with residue retention to achieve season-long weed control.
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Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "CHILLING OF PEACH SEEDS, SEEDLINGS AND CUTTINGS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1088f—1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1088f.
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Correlations were made between the responses of seeds, physiologically dwarfed seedlings and dormant cuttings to similar chilling treatments. Seed germination correlated highly with growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Emergence and seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Thus, germination was a better seed predictor of the mature peach chilling response than emergence or seedling growth. Growth of dwarfed seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of dormant cuttings. The anomalous leaf condition of peach seedlings may have confounded seedling growth after seed chilling, but was not a problem when the chilling treatment was provided to physiologically dwarfed seedlings. The dormancy release mechanisms that promoted seed germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and growth of dormant cuttings were similar.
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Xia, Hongmei, Shicheng Zhu, Teng Yang, et al. "A Plug Seedling Growth-Point Detection Method Based on Differential Evolution Extra-Green Algorithm." Agronomy 15, no. 2 (2025): 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020375.
Full textAbstract:
To produce plug seedlings with uniform growth and which are suitable for high-speed transplanting operations, it is essential to sow seeds precisely at the center of each plug-tray hole. For accurately determining the position of the seed covered by the substrate within individual plug-tray holes, a novel method for detecting the growth points of plug seedlings has been proposed. It employs an adaptive grayscale processing algorithm based on the differential evolution extra-green algorithm to extract the contour features of seedlings during the early stages of cotyledon emergence. The pixel overlay curve peak points within the binary image of the plug-tray’s background are utilized to delineate the boundaries of the plug-tray holes. Each plug-tray hole containing a single seedling is identified by analyzing the area and perimeter of the seedling’s contour connectivity domains. The midpoint of the shortest line between these domains is designated as the growth point of the individual seedling. For laboratory-grown plug seedlings of tomato, pepper, and Chinese kale, the highest detection accuracy was achieved on the third-, fourth-, and second-days’ post-cotyledon emergence, respectively. The identification rate of missing seedlings and single seedlings exceeded 97.57% and 99.25%, respectively, with a growth-point detection error of less than 0.98 mm. For tomato and broccoli plug seedlings cultivated in a nursery greenhouse three days after cotyledon emergence, the detection accuracy for missing seedlings and single seedlings was greater than 95.78%, with a growth-point detection error of less than 2.06 mm. These results validated the high detection accuracy and broad applicability of the proposed method for various seedling types at the appropriate growth stages.
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Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Effects of Harvest-Aid Herbicides on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Seed Yield and Quality." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (1992): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036587.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to study the effects of 220 g ai ha-1AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha-1glufosinate, 560 g ai ha-1glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha-1paraquat on sicklepod seed production and quality when applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 growth stages of sicklepod. No seed were produced on plants treated at R5 with paraquat and glufosinate; glyphosate was the least effective herbicide at this growth stage. Although sicklepod seed germinated after AC 263,222 application at R5, no seedling emergence occurred. Normal seedlings, seedling emergence, and seedling radicle length were reduced by all herbicides applied to parent plants at R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. AC 263,222 applied at R7 reduced normal seedlings and seedling emergence more than any other herbicide. No effects were observed on any of the variables investigated when herbicides were applied at R8.
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Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: V. Comparisons between Seeds, Seedlings, and Cuttings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 2 (1993): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.2.269.
Full textAbstract:
We determined whether the chilling process (endodormancy release) was similar in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch cv. Johnson Elberta] seeds, seedlings (near normal to physiologically dwarfed), and mature plants (cuttings) by comparing correlation coefficients of various growth measurements following similar chilling treatments. Seed germination (10 days after forcing at 20C) and seedling emergence (15 days after forcing in the greenhouse) correlated highly with leaf and shoot growth (56 days of growth) of seedlings and terminal shoot growth of cuttings (13 days after forcing). The correlations were higher for germination than for emergence. Initial (first season) seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings (second season) and shoot growth of cuttings. Budbreak and growth of seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of cuttings. The abnormal leaf problem, which can cause apex abortion (common with initial seedling growth), confounded correlations with initial seedling growth. Yet, the abnormal leaf problem did not hinder correlations with the second seasons growth. Good relationships between the chilling mechanisms that promoted germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings and shoot growth of cuttings existed, but were dependent on what was measured and when the measurement was taken. Germination (forced at 20C) was the most accurate indicator of the seed chilling status for comparisons with the responses of the other propagules.
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Torres, Reynaldo Melo, Roberval Daiton Vieira, and Maristela Panobianco. "Accelerated aging and seedling field emergence in soybean." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 5 (2004): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000500002.
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Information regarding the relationship between laboratory seed vigor testing and seedling field emergence is very important to estimate seed performance after sowing and help producers adopt the best procedures to improve stand establishment. The objective of the present study was to relate accelerated aging (AA) test results to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seedling field emergence results based on data obtained over three agricultural years. The following evaluations were made: seed water content, standard germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and seedling field emergence. There was a close association between planting environmental conditions, seed physiological quality and seedling field emergence. The most accurate predictions were obtained for AA values > 90%, when field emergence was higher than 80% (r² = 0.90). Based on the results it was concluded that the AA test provided an accurate estimate of field emergence of soybean seedlings. However, as seedbed environmental conditions became less favorable, the ability of the AA test to estimate field performance significantly decreased.
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SURENDER SINGH, DIWAN SINGH, and V.U.M. RAO. "Seedling establishment of chickpea cultivars in varying sowing environments under field conditions." Journal of Agrometeorology 11, no. 2 (2009): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v11i2.1242.
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Quantitative information about sowing time and soil temperature on seedling emergence in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is scarce. Therefore, fifteen cultivars of chickpea were evaluated CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar for cumulative seedling establishment based on per cent germination and thermo tolerance index (TI) i.e; ratio of seedlings surviving to total number of seedlings emerged during rabi seasons of 2004 and 2005 under field conditions. The TI value was constantly higher in Pusa 256 cultivar in all the experiments. The TI values ranged between 0.85 to 1.00 in Experiment 1, 0.84 to 1.00 in Experiment 2, 0.88 to 1.00 in Experiment 3, 0.84 to 1.00 in Experiment 4, 0.84 to 0.94 in Experiment 5 and 0.72 to 0.94 in Experiment 6. In general, the early sown (October) cultivars recorded higher rate of seedling emergence than the cultivars late sown (November). The results suggestthat poor stand/seeding establishment of some chickpea cultivars might be due to lower initial seeding emergence rather than subsequent seedling survival and the importance of environmental conditions before emergence.
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Mezzalira, Itamara, Caroline Jácome Costa, Eduardo Alano Vieira, et al. "Pre-germination treatments and storage of cassava seeds and their correlation with emergence of seedlings." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 1 (2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000100016.
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Despite propagation of the cassava crop be done by cuttings for commercial purposes, the majority of accesses keeps active the sexual propagation system; what is essential to genetic breeding programs. Cassava seeds, however, have low and uneven germination rates. Considering such event, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the storage, and different pre-germination treatments, on cassava seedling emergence. For this, an experiment was carried out with seeds obtained by open pollination between plants of four sweet cassava cultivars, with 10 pre-germination treatments; in addition to a control treatment. The viability of seeds subjected to different treatments was assessed by tetrazolium test; and the assessment of seedling emergence was performed by daily counts of the number of emerged seedlings. Data obtained were expressed in: emergence percentage; emergence speed index; and mean time of seedling emergence. It was concluded that storage, at 4 °C, during one year, increases seed emergence percentage and favors cassava seedling emergence speed; and that the dry heat (60 ºC), during seven and 14 days, also favors their emergence speed .
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Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh. "Weedy rice (Oryza sativa) II. Response of Weedy Rice to Seed Burial and Flooding Depth." Weed Science 60, no. 3 (2012): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00213.1.
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Weedy rice is a serious problem of cultivated rice in most of the rice-growing areas in Asia, causing increased production costs and yield losses in rice. A study was conducted to determine the response of weedy rice accessions from India (IWR), Malaysia (MWR), Thailand (TWR), and Vietnam (VWR) to seed burial and flooding depths. The greatest emergence for each weedy rice accession (97% for IWR, 82% for MWR, 97% for TWR, and 94% for VWR) was observed in seeds placed on the soil surface. Seedling emergence decreased with increase in burial depth. For the IWR accession, 0.5% of the seedlings emerged from 8-cm depth, whereas for the other three weedy rice accessions, no seedlings emerged from this depth. When seeds were sown on the soil surface, flooding depth ranging from 0 to 8 cm had no or very little effect on seedling emergence of different weedy rice accessions. On the other hand, flooding decreased seedling emergence in all weedy rice accessions when seeds were sown at 1 cm deep into the soil. Compared with seedling emergence, flooding had a more pronounced effect on seedling biomass for all weedy rice accessions. A flooding depth of 2 cm reduced seedling biomass by an amount greater than 85% of each weedy rice accession. The results of this study suggest that emergence and growth of weedy rice could be suppressed by deep tillage that buries seeds below their maximum depth of emergence (i.e., > 8 cm for the accessions studied) and by flooding fields as early as possible. The information gained from this study may help design cultural management strategies for weedy rice in Asia.
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Forcella, Frank, Roberto L. Benech Arnold, Rudolfo Sanchez, and Claudio M. Ghersa. "Modeling seedling emergence." Field Crops Research 67, no. 2 (2000): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(00)00088-5.
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Marler, Thomas E., and April N. Cascasan. "Number of emerged seedlings and seedling longevity of the non-recruiting, Critically Endangered Håyun lågu Tree Serianthes nelsonii Merr. (Fabales: Leguminosae) are influenced by month of emergence." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (2015): 8221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2100.7.15.8221-8225.
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<p>Emergence and longevity of seedlings beneath Guam’s only known Håyun lågu Tree <em>Serianthes nelsonii</em> were studied to determine the fate of every observed seedling during 2013. Newly emerged seedlings were marked with wire stakes every 15 days, then the stakes were collected at each seedling upon death. Longevity of each seedling was calculated from the marked ending and emergence dates. The least number of newly emerged seedlings was recorded at the end of the dry season, and the greatest number of newly emerged seedlings was recorded in the beginning of the rainy season. More than half of the year’s 374 seedlings died in less than 30 days. Seedling longevity ranged from a mean of 31 days for seedlings that emerged in May to 78 days for seedlings that emerged in June. Our results reveal that the baseline level of recruitment potential of the lone survivor of this species on Guam is substantial, and underscore the need for further research to determine the factors associated with the acutely limited seedling lifespan.</p><div> </div>
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M.G. Nayak and G.S. Mohana, Babli Mog, J. D. Adiga. "Germination and seedling establishment in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.): An interaction between seed size, relative growth rate and seedling biomass." Journal of Plantation Crops 45, no. 2 (2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jpc.2017.v45.i2.3305.
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<p>Seeds of cashew were used to determine the effect of seed mass (5.2 to 7.8 g) on germination, seedling emergence and growth<br />under nursery conditions. Germination percentage and germination time showed significant correlation with seed mass. Large<br />sized seeds had higher germination percentage (81.6%) and produced more vigorous seedlings. Per cent seedling emergence was<br />related to seed mass with large sized seeds exhibited faster emergence. Seed mass significantly affected seedling survival and<br />survival rate was high in seedlings arising from large sized seeds (62.9%). Seedling vigor expressed in terms of shoot and root<br />length, leaf number, leaf area and total dry matter was significantly affected by seed mass. Seedlings that emerged from large sized<br />seeds showed better growth and produced heavier seedlings as compared to medium sized seeds. RGR showed significant variation<br />(0.152 to 0.240 g g-1day-1) among two seed size classes positively correlated with seed mass, leaf area (LA), unit leaf rate per unit<br />leaf area (ULRM), root to shoot ratio (R/S) and root mass ratio (RMR) and negatively with stem mass ratio (SMR). The study<br />concluded that the seed mass and RGR have influence on seedling growth and success of seedling establishment in cashew.</p>
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Finch-Savage, W. E. "Effects of soil moisture and temperature on seedling emergence from natural and pre-germinated onion seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 2 (1986): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087049.
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SummaryThe emergence of seedlings from natural, germinating and selected uniformlygerminated onion seeds was compared in a range of changing patterns of soil moisture. The timing, spread and amount of seedling emergence from seeds in all three treatments were affected by the timing of water availability in the seed bed and these effects differed between treatments.The rate of seedling emergence in all three treatments under non-limiting soil moisture conditions was correlated with mean temperature, but this relationship was obscured in irrigation treatments where water stress occurred. However, if the seed bed was moist at sowing irrespective of subsequent moisture stress the reciprocals of the time to the start, time to 50% and time to the end of seedling emergence from uniformly germinated seeds were correlated with mean temperature (r > 0·87, D.F. 27).The results show that if the seed bed is irrigated prior to sowing and soil moisture is maintained during the first 3 days following sowing high levels of seedling emergence with both predictable timing and uniformity can be achieved by sowing uniformlygerminated seeds. Seedling emergence from natural and germinating seeds was much less predictable.
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Ayeni, Albert O., Samuel O. Agbato, and Bradley A. Majek. "Seed Depth Influence on Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) Emergence and Control." Weed Technology 11, no. 3 (1997): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045206.
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Experiments were conducted in pots and in the field to determine the influence of seed depth on seedling emergence pattern and control of Mexican sunflower with or without imazethapyr plus pendimethalin. Mexican sunflower seeds were placed at 0-, 2.5-, 5-, 7.5-, and 10-cm soil depths, and imazethapyr–pendimethalin mixture was applied PRE at 0, 0.05 + 0.65, 0.09 + 1.31, and 0.18 + 2.62 kg ae (+ ai)/ha. Mexican sunflower emergence was 57, 30, 14, 3, and 2% from 0-, 2.5-, 5-, 7.5-, and 10-cm seed depths, respectively. Seedling emergence started 2 to 3 d after planting and continued for 4 to 5 d. At 0- to 5-cm seed depths, 84 to 100% of total seedling emergence occurred within 3 d after the first seedling emerged, but emergence rate was less from 7.5- and 10-cm seed depths. Imazethapyr plus pendimethalin at 0.05 + 0.65 and 0.09 + 1.31 kg/ha had no effect on seedling emergence in Mexican sunflower, but subsequent growth was severely inhibited regardless of seed depth. The herbicide treatments were more injurious to Mexican sunflower seedlings that emerged from 5- to 10-cm depths than to those that emerged from 0 and 2.5 cm. Burying seeds 7.5 cm deep or more is a potential control measure for Mexican sunflower, and the deeper the emergence depth, the more susceptible the seedling is to imazethapyr plus pendimethalin.
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Silva, Rogério Costa da, Ana Paula Leite de Lima, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, Guilherme Marchesini Trevizani, and João Batista Leite Junior. "PHYSICAL PROTECTOR IN DIRECT SOWING OF BARU INFLUENCING IN THE INITIAL GROWTH OF THE SEEDLINGS." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 5, no. 4 (2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v5i4.2726.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of using physical protectors on the emergence and initial growth of Baru seedlings in a direct sowing system. The experiment was installed in a randomized complete block design, testing the use of physical protectors (no protection, P0; plastic cup (500 mL) without the bottom, P1; laminated wood, P2), with 12 repetitions. Weekly soil temperature monitoring was carried out in the morning and in the afternoon in the period between 14 and 56 days after sowing (DAS). Daily emergence follow-up was also performed, and the stem diameter, total height and number of leaves were measured at 81 DAS. The use of physical protectors in the direct seeding of Baru interfered in the soil surface temperature on the sowing point, on the seedling emergence speed index, seedling survival, stem diameter and seedling height. Implementing protectors slowed the seedling emergence speed, however it provided higher percentages of emergence, survival and greater growth in diameter and height.
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Diniz, Fábio Oliveira, Múcio Silva Reis, Eduardo Fontes Araújo, Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias, Tuneo Sediyama, and Camilla Atsumi Zanuncio Sediyama-Bhering. "Incidence of pathogens and field emergence of soybean seeds subjected to harvest delay." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 4 (2013): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000400009.
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This study aimed at evaluating seed health quality, as well as seedling emergence in the field, of eight soybean cultivars (UFV-16, Splendor, Vencedora, Confiança, UFV-18, UFV-TN 105, Garantia, and Celeste) subjected to different harvest periods. To this, seeds were harvested at the growth stages R8, R8+15 days, and R8+30 days, and then submitted to health test and to the test of seedling emergence in field. Results showed that although seeds harvested at 15 and 30 days after the stage R8 had shown a significant increase of fungi infection, especially by Fusarium spp., Phomopsis spp., and Epicoccum spp., the percent seedling emergence in the field was reduced only to seeds harvested 30 days after the reproductive stage R8. Cultivars have shown differentiated behavior between each other in relation to the percent incidence rate of fungi and seedling emergence in the field; and the seeds least infected by fungi were those allowing the highest percent emergence of seedlings in the field.
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Yamoah, E., E. E. Jones, D. M. Suckling, G. W. Bourd?t, and A. Stewart. "Suppression of emergence and growth of gorse (Ulex europaeus) seedlings by Fusarium tumidum." New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (August 1, 2006): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4495.
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The effect of Fusarium tumidum a potential mycoherbicide on gorse seedling emergence and growth was examined in three experiments In Experiment 1 F tumiduminoculated wheat grains (one two or three) were placed close to pregerminated gorse seeds at sowing Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were lower than the control treatment at all three inoculum densities but there was no significant difference in percentage emergence In Experiments 2 and 3 two inoculated wheat grains were placed in contact with the seedlings at sowing Less than 50 of inoculated seedlings emerged compared with 97 in the control treatments from both experiments Soon after emergence about onethird of the inoculated seedlings that had emerged died from dampingoff disease caused by F tumidum Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were significantly lower than the control treatment The results suggest that F tumidum can suppress gorse seedling emergence and growth