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Journal articles on the topic 'Seedling emergency'
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1
Boligon, Alexandra Augusti, Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio, Sidinei José Lopes, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, and Danton Camacho Garcia. "Wheat seedling emergence estimated from seed analysis." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 3 (2011): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000300010.
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There are various vigor tests for the evaluation of seeds physiological quality, however, few studies correlate this tests with plants emergency. This study aimed at identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed analysis variables that best predict seedling emergence. Wheat seeds (CEP 30 cultivar) were divided into two batches, one initially subjected to the accelerated ageing process and forming the low-quality batch, and the other, without application of the accelerated ageing process, to compose a high-quality batch. The following seed test variables were evaluated: (i) percentage of normal seedlings in the germination tests, (ii) initial germination counting, (iii) accelerated ageing, (iv) cold test without soil, (v) germination speed index, and (vi) emergence of seedlings in sand after seven and 15 days. The following seedling characteristics were evaluated: root and shoot lengths, total length, and dry mass of the root and shoot. The characteristics evaluated for the seedlings were subjected to path analysis and the seed tests variables to stepwise multiple regression analysis, taking seedling emergence at seven days as the response variable. Factor analysis was also carried out on all variables. Dry mass of the shoot and root length presented the best correlation with seedling emergence for the high-quality batch, but this behavior was not observed for any variable in the low-quality batch. Accelerated ageing was the best seedling emergence estimator for both batches of the used cultivar.
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El-Keblawy, Ali, K. H. Shaltout, J. Lovett-Doust, and A. Ramadan. "Population dynamics of an Egyptian desert shrub, Thymelaea hirsuta." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 12 (1997): 2027–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-914.
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Natural populations of the evergreen shrub, Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., were studied over 6 years at five desert habitats, in terms of seedling recruitment and adult survival and as a function of plant size and gender class. Habitat and time significantly influenced mortality of both reproductive and non-reproductive plants. Plant size also significantly affected adult mortality. Seedling recruitment varied significantly with habitat and year and approached zero some years. Significant among-year and among-population variation in population growth rates were observed over the 6 years of study, and all populations declined in size (ranging from −1.7% per year at the coastal dune site to −10.9% per year at the inland plateau site). Spearman rank correlation analysis between habitats ranked according to a north–south gradient and demographic variables indicates that this gradient is associated with a pattern of lower seedling emergence and survival and a lower population growth rate and greater mortality for all size-classes of Thymelaea plants. In experimental botanic garden plots, germination of seed collected from five natural populations, and seedling survival in the following year were assessed under conditions of high, medium, and low seedling density. Seedling emergency differed significantly according to maternal habitat. With regular watering, seeding survival to one year was 72% (averaged across habitats and densities). This compares with 64% for seedlings grown at the highest density, suggesting that the intense mortality observed under field conditions is more likely to be a result of water shortage than intraspecific competition. Key words: Egyptian desert, Thymelaea hirsuta, germination and establishment, seedlings, recruitment, competition, population growth rate.
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de Lucena Marinho, Jéssica, José Henrique Bizzarri Bazzo, Carolina Pereira Cardoso, Claudemir Zucareli, and Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca. "PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE CULTIVARES DE TRIGO EM DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE SEMEADURA." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 14, no. 3 (2018): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2018.v14.n3.a234.
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Determination of optimum wheat sowing density, adequate to the genotype and the environment, is essential to avoid lodging and competition between plants, which can reduce seed productivity and quality. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seeding density (in cultivars BRS Sabiá e BRS Gralha-Azul) on productivity and physiological quality of seeds of two wheat cultivars. The seeds were produced in the experimental field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, in Londrina-PR, at the National Center for Soy Research (Embrapa Soja) in experimental design of randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The following evaluations were performed: seed productivity, thousand seeds mass, first count of germination, germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand and emergency speed index. In general, the increase in seed density increases seed production and does not alter germination and emergence of seedlings of both cultivars. The cultivar BRS Gralha-Azul proved to be more productive than BRS Sabiá. The increase in seeding density increases seed vigor for BRS Sabiá cultivar and reduces to BRS Gralha-Azul cultivar.
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Suñé, A. S., D. B. Rodrigues, A. S. Almeida, et al. "New Vigor Methodology in Pearl Millet Seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p205.
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The use of high quality seeds is of utmost importance and is intimately related to seed vigor. The objective of this study was to stablish a novel methodology for evaluating the vigor of pearl millet seeds. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Pelotas, using 5 seed lots of pearl millet cv. BRS1501. The research was carried out in two stages: first, seed lots were characterized (physiological quality tests); second, the initial emergence and development of pearl millet seedlings was evaluated, testing four different substrates and five sowing depths in the emergence test. The experimental set up consisted of a completely randomized design with four replicates. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. The substrates sand and carbonized rice husk, at 1.0 cm depth, satisfactorily stratified seed lots. These methodologies correlated with the speed of emergency index and seedling emergency. Thus, the study identified an innovative method for testing vigor in pearl millet seeds.
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Menegatti, Renata Diane, Luana Oliveira de Oliveira, Ádrya Vanessa Lira da Costa, Eugenia Jacira Bolacel Braga, and Valmor João Bianchi. "MAGNETIC FIELD AND GIBBERELIC ACID AS PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENTS OF PASSION FRUIT SEEDS." Revista Ciência Agrícola 17, no. 1 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/rca.v17i1.6522.
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<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-germination treatments (magneto-priming and immersion of seeds in gibberellic acid solution) on variables associated with germination, emergence and vigor of Passiflora edulis seeds ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’ cultivar. Seeds were extracted from fruits, washed, immersed for 6 hours in solutions with different GA3 concentrations and later arranged in a circular form in Petri dishes at temperature of 25°C, with and without exposure to magnetic field. Subsequently, analyses associated with the germination and emergency test were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized design, with 3x2 factorial, three GA3 concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and presence/absence of magnetic field (MF), with four replicates of 20 seeds each. Variables germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time, percentage of emerged seedlings, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. Results indicate that the exposure of passion fruit seeds to MF in an isolated way stimulates seed germination, emergence and vigor, being an alternative to conventional treatments based on chemical substances.</p>
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Brzezinski, Cristian Rafael, Julia Abati, Fernando Augusto Henning, et al. "Spray volumes in the industrial treatment on the physiological quality of soybean seeds with different levels of vigor." Journal of Seed Science 39, no. 2 (2017): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v39n2175179.
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Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different spray volumes, via industrial treatment, on the physiological quality of soybean seeds with different levels of vigor. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factor scheme, with four replications. Factors consisted in two levels of seed vigor (high and low) and five spray volumes (0, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mL. 100 kg-1). Products used to obtain the volumes were: fungicide (carbendazin + thiram); insecticide (imidacloprid + thiodicarb); nematicide (abamectin); micronutrients (cobalt, molybdenum and zinc); polymer (peridiam); biostimulants (kinetin + gibberellic acid) and inoculum (Bradyrhizobium japonicum). The used cultivars were BRS 360 RR and BRS 1010 IPRO. The physiological seed quality was determined by the following evaluations: germination, first count of the germination test, seedling emergence in sand, emergency speed index, total length of shoot and root of the seedlings. In the different spray volumes, high vigor soybean seeds have higher physiological quality than low vigor seeds. The increased spray volumes in seed treatments reduce the physiological quality of low vigor soybean seeds.
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HELALIA, AWAD M., and J. LETEY. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POLYMERS ON SEEDLING EMERGENCY, AGGREGATE STABILITY, AND CRUST HARDNESS." Soil Science 148, no. 3 (1989): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198909000-00007.
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Felippi, Marciele, Solon Jonas Longhi, and Maristela Machado Araújo. "Holocalyx balansae: ASPECTOS FENOLÓGICOS, MORFOLÓGICOS E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES." FLORESTA 44, no. 4 (2014): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v44i4.30999.
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O reduzido conhecimento sobre aspectos básicos relacionados à autoecologia de espécies florestais nativas inviabiliza a elaboração de estratégias para o manejo adequado de florestas, restauração e produção de mudas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a época de floração e frutificação, morfologia da flor, fruto, semente, plântula e muda de Holocalyx balansae Micheli (alecrim), além de analisar características físicas e fisiológicas de um lote de sementes. As observações fenológicas foram realizadas mensalmente. O lote de sementes foi formado a partir de seis indivíduos que apresentaram frutos maduros no mesmo período. A presença de flores ocorreu em dois períodos (fevereiro e junho a setembro), da mesma forma que os frutos maduros (novembro e de março a abril). Observaram-se variações fenológicas, conforme o ano e entre árvores no mesmo período, sugerindo a marcação de maior número de exemplares arbóreos marcados do que se deseja coletar. A germinação é hipógea. O tamanho dos frutos e sementes foi variável, resultando em 793 sementes por quilograma, com 83% de germinação, entretanto, sob condições ambientais, ao observar a emergência das plântulas, esse valor decresceu expressivamente (51%), devendo este ser um fator considerado no planejamento de produção de mudas.Palavras-chave: Papilionoideae; floração; frutificação; emergência; muda. AbstractHolocalyx balansae: phenological and morphological aspects, and seed germination. The lack of knowledge about basic aspects related to autoecology of native forest species prevents the development of strategies for appropriate forest management, restoration and production of seedlings. This research aimed to characterize the time of flowering and fruitification, the morphology of flowers, fruits, seeds, seedling and changes of Holocalyx balansae Micheli (rosemary), and analyzing physical and physiological characteristics of a seed lot. We conducted monthly phenological observations. The seed lot had six individuals that exhibited ripe fruits in the same period. The presence of flowers occurred in two periods (February and June to September), just as the ripe fruit (November and March to April). We observed phenological changes during the year between trees in the same period, suggesting that it is necessary to mark a largest number of arboreal specimens than the ones you want to collect. Germination is hypogeal. The size of the fruits and seeds was variable, resulting in 793 seeds per kilogram, with 83% of germination, however, under environment conditions, observing seedling emergence, this value decreased significantly (51%), it should be a factor to be considered in seedling production planning.Keywords: Papilionoideae; flowering; fruiting; emergency; seedling.
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Cruz, Nayara F. F. da S., Luiz A. Zanão Júnior, Reginaldo F. Santos, et al. "Variation of Water Availability in Initial Development of Safflower." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p558.
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The availability of water is one of the most important factors for the development of the seeds. Thus, studies related to adequate humidity&nbsp;for germination, emergence and early development of safflowers, is necessary for the productive use of this culture. Thus, the objective of study was to evaluate the initial development of two varieties of seeds of Safflowers (IAPAR and IMA2103) in six levels of water availability in substrate: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. At 15 days the seedling emergence were evaluate. At 30 days were evaluate plant height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight of the aerial part and root, dry weight of shoot and root. The treatment without irrigation, there was decrease the emergence, emergence speed for both genotypes. Treatments above 30% of water availability in the two varieties presented emergency superior to 50%. Lower irrigation rates favored root length and dry mass.
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Guo, Yubing, Xiaogang Zhang, and Chong Zhang. "ADAPTABILITY TEST OF DRY FARMING TILLAGE TECHNIQUE IN NORTHERN CHINA AND STUDY OF KEY TECHNIQUES." INMATEH Vol.61 61, no. 2 (2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-61-30.
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Based on the problem of insufficient coordination of integrated machinery and technique configuration in the exploration of dry farming regions, a method of two-period comparative test was carried out in Shanxi Province, China. Zones of the effects of different treatments on straw coverage, soil moisture, emergence rate, seedling condition, yield, and benefit were monitored and analysed. The result was that the coverage before sowing decreased to below 55% after surface harrowing or rotary tillage in autumn by using dry farming technology in Northern China. The average number of emerging seedlings through surface tillage was larger than that without surface tillage by 1.7 plants/5 m; emergency rate was increased by 8.37%, and the increase in amplitude of grain yield reached 28% compared with that of traditional farming. Moreover, the input–output ratio reached 1:4.41. The experiments showed that the net income could reach RMB 1,251–1,401/hm2, and compared with traditional farming, operating cost was lowered by 23.1%–28.8%, and benefit was elevated by 48.8% with prominent cost saving and benefit increase. The study results will facilitate the improvement of water-saving and production-increasing technologies in Northern China and play a critical role in the development of agricultural cultivation and steady growth of agricultural output in this region.
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Haigh, Ian M., and Martin C. Hare. "The Effect of Freezing Temperatures onMicrodochium majusandM. nivaleSeedling Blight of Winter Wheat." International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/359017.
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Exposure to pre-emergent freezing temperatures significantly delayed the rate of seedling emergence (P<0.05) from an infected and a non-infected winter wheat cv. Equinox seed lot, but significant effects for timing of freezing and duration of freezing on final emergence were only seen for theMicrodochium-infested seed lot. Freezing temperatures of−5∘C at post-emergence caused most disease on emerged seedlings. Duration of freezing (12 hours or 24 hours) had little effect on disease index but exposure to pre-emergent freezing for 24 hours significantly delayed rate of seedling emergence and reduced final emergence from the infected seed lot. In plate experiments, the calculated base temperature for growth ofM. nivaleandM. majuswas−6.3∘C and−2.2∘C, respectively. These are the first set of experiments to demonstrate the effects of pre-emergent and post-emergent freezing on the severity ofMicrodochiumseedling blight.
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Silva, J. G., K. P. Lopes, F. J. S. Paiva, M. H. B. S. Rodrigues, and J. S. Nóbrega. "Effect of the Substrate and Containers in the Initial Growth of Seedlings of Physalis peruviana L." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 8 (2018): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n8p314.
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Physalis peruviana L., from the family Solanaceae, is a fruitful species of high nutritional and economic value, incorporated in the category of the small fine fruits in Brazil, and is a promising source of income for small farmers, mainly in the Northeast area. This work aims to evaluate the influence of different substrate and containers in the initial growth of Physalis peruviana L. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized designing. Two types of containers (polypropylene seedling tray of 200 cells and containers of polypropylene of 50 mL) and three compositions of the substrate (commercial substrate Hortiplant®, and ravine soil + sand + organic compost in the proportions 2:1:1 and 2:1:2) were tested. The analyzed variables were: percentage of emergency and emergency velocity index of the plants; height of the plants; the number of leaves; length of the main root; and wet and dry mass of the root and the aerial part at the 30 days after sowing. Analyses of variance were used to test the effects of substrate and containers on the studied variables, and the averages of the studied variables were compared among treatments using the Tukey’s test at 5% of probability. In the greenhouse conditions, Physalis peruviana L. seedlings grow better when sowed in the commercial substrate using the container of polypropylene of 50 mL, resulting in larger seedlings, a larger number of leaves and a proper development of the root system.
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Rocha, R. R., C. G. B. G. D. Mariussi, S. N. Silva, and R. Noetzold. "Response of Flamboyant seeds (Delonix regia) subjected to different dormancy overcoming methods." Scientific Electronic Archives 14, no. 3 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/14320211202.
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Flamboyant has great ornamental use, because it has beautiful flowers, having a great use in urban afforestation and park ornamentation. The seeds have a low germination rate because they have dormancy caused by the impermeability of the integument. In this sense, the objective was to determine the most efficient method to overcome dormancy in flamboyant seeds. The experimental design was fully randomized with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of: 1-Witness (non-scarified seeds); 2- Hot water at 90º C for 5 minutes; 3- Concentrated sulfuric acid 98% for 60 minutes; 4- Mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 80. The characteristics evaluated were: emergency, emergency speed index, seedling height and root length. A significant difference can be observed in the treatments evaluated only for the emergency speed index where the scarification treatment with sandpaper was higher than the others, for the other characteristics evaluated there was no difference
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Morgan, JW. "Ecological Studies of the Endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides. II. Patterns of Seedling Emergence and Survival in a Native Grassland." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 1 (1995): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950013.
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The emergence, survival and growth of seedlings of the endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. were followed in a Themeda triandra grassland during 1991 and 1992. The effect of summer irrigation on seedling survival was also investigated. Seedling emergence occurred in both years within 2 weeks of the 'autumn break' when soil moisture rose above 20%. Ninety percent of emergence was observed within 4 weeks of the onset of germination and 87% of seedlings were within 20 cm of an established plant. No emergence was observed after 8 weeks. Thirteen percent of the 1991 cohort survived for 14 months. Mortality of most seedlings (63%) was attributed to soil moisture stress in summer. Small seedlings (Ͱ4 3 leaves) were no more susceptible to drought than larger seedlings. Seventy two percent of the 1991 cohort produced four leaves before subsequently dying. In 1992, however, most early seedling mortality was amongst cotyledonary seedlings. No seedlings flowered in their first year. Above-ground growth was slow and by 14 months, 60% of surviving seedlings had seven or fewer live leaves. Irrigation in a year of below-average rainfall had no significant effect on the survival and growth of seedlings. This suggests that seedling recruitment is not restricted to climatically favourable years (i.e. is not episodic) but rather, is potentially on-going provided suitable microsites are available for seedling survival.
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Roe, Nancy E., Peter J. Stoffella, and Donald Graetz. "Composts from Various Municipal Solid Waste Feedstocks Affect Vegetable Crops. I. Emergence and Seedling Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 3 (1997): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.3.427.
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The composition of composts derived from municipal solid wastes can affect emergence and seedling growth. Composts consisting of biosolids and yard trimmings [standard compost (SC)] alone or with mixed waste paper (MWP), refuse-derived fuel (RDF), or refuse-derived fuel residuals (RDFR) were evaluated in seedling trays and pots for vegetable crop seedling emergence and growth. In trays, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings emerged faster from a commercial peat-lite mix and from sandy field soil than from the composts. Plants were tallest and shoots were generally heaviest in the peat-lite mix and aged SC and smallest in the field soil. MWP compost generally inhibited early seedling growth more than RDF or RDFR composts. Among the composts, seedlings were tallest and heaviest in SC. In pots, growth of each vegetable was generally greatest in SC, followed by other composts, and lowest in sandy soil. Tomato and pepper seedling emergence was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the RDF, RDFR, and MWP composts than cucumber seedling emergence. Fertilizer increased plant growth in each medium except SC, in which cucumber stem diameter was not increased. Adding MWP, RDF, or RDFR to SC generally decreased seedling emergence and growth. The composts prolonged days to emergence and decreased percent emerged seedlings. However, subsequent seedling growth in composts was equal to or greater than seedlings in the peat-lite mix and much greater than those in the sandy field soil.
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Cao, Suzhen, Kun Liu, Guozhen Du, et al. "Seedling emergence of 144 subalpine meadow plants: effects of phylogeny, life cycle type and seed mass." Seed Science Research 28, no. 1 (2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258518000028.
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AbstractTiming of seedling emergence is a critical aspect of a plant's life cycle, and it may influence the expression of other plant life history traits. However, most studies have been conducted at the population level, and thus little is known about timing of seedling emergence at the community level. In the field, we determined the peak emergence season for seedlings of 144 species collected from a subalpine meadow on the eastern Tibet Plateau in China. The proportion of species with seedlings emerging in autumn, spring and summer, seedling field emergence percentage (FE) and mean emergence time (MET) were analysed in relation to seed mass, life cycle type (annual/biennial and perennial) and phylogeny. The results showed that (1) the proportion of species with seedlings emerging in autumn (33%), spring (44%) and summer (23%) differed significantly; (2) overall, species with seedlings emerging in autumn had higher FE than those emerging during spring/summer; (3) there was a positive relationship between log-seed mass and log-MET, but log-seed mass had no significant effect on log-FE; (4) life cycle type did not affect seedling emergence; and (5) phylogeny significantly explained peak emergence season. These results suggest that seed mass and phylogenetic position are the main determinants of seedling emergence season. However, seedling peak emergence season affected FE, growing season length and resource utilization, and thus may be related to the importance of a species in the community.
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Möhler, Henrike, Tim Diekötter, Geeltje Marie Bauer, and Tobias W. Donath. "Conspecific and heterospecific grass litter effects on seedling emergence and growth in ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246459.
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Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. or common ragwort is a widespread noxious grassland weed that is subject to different regulation measures worldwide. Seedling emergence and growth are the most crucial stages for most plants during their life cycle. Therefore, heterospecific grass or conspecific ragwort litter as well as soil-mediated effects may be of relevance for ragwort control. Our study examines the effects of conspecific and heterospecific litter as well as ragwort conditioned soil on seedling emergence and growth. We conducted pot experiments to estimate the influence of soil conditioning (with, without ragwort), litter type (grass, ragwort, grass-ragwort-mix) and amount (200 g/m², 400 g/m²) on J. vulgaris recruitment. As response parameters, we assessed seedling number, biomass, height and number of seedling leaves. We found that 200 g/m² grass litter led to higher seedling numbers, while litter composed of J. vulgaris reduced seedling emergence. Litter amounts of 400 g/m² had negative effects on the number of seedlings regardless of the litter type. Results for biomass, plant height and leaf number showed opposing patterns to seedling numbers. Seedlings in pots treated with high litter amounts and seedlings in ragwort litter became heavier, grew higher and had more leaves. Significant effects of the soil conditioned by ragwort on seedling emergence and growth were negligible. The study confirms that the amount and composition of litter strongly affect seedling emergence and growth of J. vulgaris. Moreover, while conspecific litter and high litter amounts negatively affected early seedling development in ragwort, those seedlings that survived accumulated more biomass and got taller than seedlings grown in heterospecific or less dense litter. Therefore, ragwort litter has negative effects in ragwort germination, but positive effects in ragwort growth. Thus, leaving ragwort litter on pastures will not reduce ragwort establishment and growth and cannot be used as management tool.
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Oliveira, Carlos Manoel. "Qualidade de sementes de jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi – Solanaceae) armazenadas em ambiente não controlado." ForScience 8, no. 1 (2020): e00663. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2020v8n1.e663.
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Os setores de produção e de conservação de sementes dependem diretamente de trabalhos que determinem as melhores condições de armazenamento e que, consequentemente, garantam o maior período possível de manutenção da qualidade fisiológica da semente. Em regiões tropicais, há uma maior limitação no que tange à manutenção da qualidade fisiológica durante o período de armazenamento, principalmente em ambiente não controlado, cuja variação das condições ambientais pode influenciar sobremaneira a qualidade final de um lote de sementes. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a qualidade de sementes de duas cultivares de jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi), armazenadas em condições ambientais não controladas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com 5 repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo duas cultivares de jiló (Morro Grande e Português) e 5 períodos de armazenamento (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento). Avaliou-se a porcentagem de germinação, a porcentagem de emergência, o Índice de Velocidade de Emergência, o Coeficiente de Variação no Tempo, o Tempo Médio da Emergência, os Índices de Incerteza e de Sincronia da Emergência e a Frequência Relativa da Emergência de plântulas. A cultivar Português se apresentou com os melhores índices de porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio da emergência e coeficiente de variação do tempo da emergência, quando as sementes foram armazenadas por até dias em ambiente não controlado. A cultivar Português é indicada aos produtores de jiló visando produção de mudas, pois se mostrou superior a cultivar Morro Grande quando armazenadas por até 30 dias em ambiente não controlado. Após 30 dias de armazenamento, a utilização de sementes das duas cultivares não é indicado, pois a porcentagem de germinação cai consideravelmente. Palavras-Chave: Fitotecnia. Produção de sementes. Armazenamento.Viabilidade. Seed quality of scarlet eggplant stored in environmental conditions not controlled Abstract The sectors of production and conservation of seeds depend directly from studies that determine the best storage conditions and that consequently guarantee the longest possible period of maintenance of physiological quality of seed. In tropical regions, there is a major limitation regarding the maintenance of physiological quality during storage period mainly in uncontrolled environment, whose variation of environmental conditions can greatly influence the final quality of a seed lot. The objective of this final paper was to evaluate the quality of seeds of two cultivars of scarlet eggplant (Solanun gilo Raddi), stored in environmental conditions not controlled. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with 05 replications in a factorial 2 x 5, being two cultivars of scarlet eggplant (Morro Grande and Portuguese) and 05 storage periods (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage). Was evaluated the Percentage of Germination, Percentage of Emergence, Emergence Speed Index, Coefficient of Variation of the Time, Average Time of Emergency, Indexes of Uncertainty and Sync the Emergence and Relative Frequency of Seedling Emergence in the time. The Portuguese cultivar presented the best rates of Germination Percentage, Emergency Percentage, Emergency Speed Index, Average Emergence Time and Emergence Time Variation Coefficient, when seeds were stored for up to 30 days in an uncontrolled environment. The Portugues cultivar is indicated to jiló producers aiming seedling production because it was superior to Morro Grande cultivar when stored for up to 30 days in an uncontrolled environment. After 30 days of storage, the use of seeds from both cultivars is not indicated because the germination percentage drops considerably. Keywords: Phytotechny. Seed production. Storage. Viability.
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Zhang, Jianhua, and M. A. Maun. "Effects of sand burial on seed germination, seedling emergence, survival, and growth of Agropyron psammophilum." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 2 (1990): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-041.
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Studies were conducted to determine the effects of sand burial on seed germination, seedling emergence, survival, and growth of Agropyron psammophilum. In the field, seedlings of A. psammophilum emerged from burial depths ranging from 0 to 7 cm. The mean depth of seedling emergence was 2.96 ± 1.06 (mean ± SD) cm, with more than 80% individuals emerging from 0 to 4 cm depths of sand burial. In a greenhouse, seeds of A. psammophilum were artificially buried by sand to depths of 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 cm. Higher emergence percentages were obtained at 2 and 4 cm burial depths and no seedling emerged from depths greater than 8 cm. The percent germination of buried seeds, percent emergence, and emergence rte of seedlings showed negative correlation with burial depth. Burial of young seedlings up to a depth of 6 cm stimulated their growth in height, leaf and tiller production, and overall dry weight. When the burial depth exceeded 6 cm, some seedlings died and if seedlings were buried to 100% of their height (11 cm for 1-week-old and 22 cm for 2-week-old seedlings), all seedlings died.
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Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "CHILLING OF PEACH SEEDS, SEEDLINGS AND CUTTINGS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1088f—1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1088f.
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Correlations were made between the responses of seeds, physiologically dwarfed seedlings and dormant cuttings to similar chilling treatments. Seed germination correlated highly with growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Emergence and seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Thus, germination was a better seed predictor of the mature peach chilling response than emergence or seedling growth. Growth of dwarfed seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of dormant cuttings. The anomalous leaf condition of peach seedlings may have confounded seedling growth after seed chilling, but was not a problem when the chilling treatment was provided to physiologically dwarfed seedlings. The dormancy release mechanisms that promoted seed germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and growth of dormant cuttings were similar.
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Brown, Doug. "Estimating the composition of a forest seed bank: a comparison of the seed extraction and seedling emergence methods." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (1992): 1603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-202.
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The composition of a forest seed bank was estimated using two methods: (i) seed extraction, i.e., the physical separation of the seeds from the soil via flotation in a salt solution, and (ii) seedling emergence, i.e., the germination of seedlings from soil samples incubated under greenhouse conditions for 5 months. The extraction method predicted a density of 12 500 seeds∙m−2, while the emergence method detected 3800 émergents∙m−2. There was considerable disparity in species composition derived from the two methods. The extraction method identified 102 different taxa, with 22 species making up 99% of the seeds and 5.6 + 0.2 species per sample. In contrast, the emergence technique identified fewer species (60) but had more species per sample (7.6 + 0.2). Eleven species made up 99% of the emergents. Verbascum thapsus represented 34% of the seedlings in the emergence study but only 1 % of the extracted seeds. Members of the Polygonaceae represented 19% of the extracted seeds but less than 1 % of the seedling emergents. No tree or shrub species were found with the emergence method, although they represented 8% of the extracted seeds. There was a poor correlation between the estimates of species number, seed density, and diversity obtained from the two methods. The seed extraction method had considerably higher variability for these parameters. It is apparent from this study that the seedling emergence and seed extraction methodologies do not produce similar estimates of the seed bank composition. The differences are such that comparisons should not be drawn between studies using the different methods. Careful considerations should be given to both the objectives of the seed bank study and the relevant literature prior to the selection of an appropriate method. Key words: seed bank, method, composition, diversity, density, sample number.
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Latva-Karjanmaa, Tarja, Leena Suvanto, Kari Leinonen, and Hannu Rita. "Emergence and survival of Populus tremula seedlings under varying moisture conditions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 11 (2003): 2081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-129.
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Aspen produces large numbers of seeds, even though it mainly reproduces asexually with root suckers. The aim of this study was to find out how different moisture conditions affect emergence and survival of Populus tremula L. seedlings. This was studied with a sowing experiment (totally randomized factorial design). There were altogether 10 blocks, each containing 16 microsites and three treatments (sowing time, watering, sowing shelter) replicated twice in each block. Seedlings emerged on 56% of microsites. Sowing time affected seedling emergence. Both the proportion of microsites with seedlings and the number of seedlings per microsite were lower after first than after second sowing, when the weather was rainier. Watering increased the number of seedlings per microsite, but the proportion of micro sites with at least one seedling was not affected. Sowing shelter had a negative effect on the seedling emergence, especially after second sowing. The survival of seedlings was low (10%) and strongly dependent on watering. The effect of block and its interactions with treatments indicated that seedling emergence and survival depended also on seedbed conditions. We conclude that sexual reproduction of aspen may occur in nature, but it is rare. The seeds also maintained their germinability longer than earlier observed.
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Sarmiento, Andrés Iván Prato, Diego Alejandro Zaraté Caicedo, Jhon Jairo Zuluaga Peláez, and Sandra Liliana Castañeda Garzón. "SEEDLING EMERGENCY AND BIOMETRY OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Cariniana pyriformis FROM THE MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY, COLOMBIA." CERNE 25, no. 2 (2019): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201925022596.
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Svenson, Sven E. "Shading and DCPTA Interactively Influence Shoot Growth of Hypoestes." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 854D—854. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.854d.
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The objective of this study was to determine if shading and DCPTA application interactively influence seedling emergence and shoot growth of Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak. seedlings. Hypoestes `Carmine Red' seeds were soaked for 6 h in distilled water, and then soaked 6 h in solutions containing' 10 mg DCPTA/liter (30 mM) and 0.1% Tween-80, 0.1% Tween-80, or distilled water. Date of seedling emergence was recorded after sowing (0.5 cm) in 9-cm (460 ml) pots filled with 440 ml of a 5 pine bark: 4 Florida sedge peat: 1 sand medium. Forty pots from each of the three seed-soak treatments were grown under 30%, 63%, or 84% shading, provided by saran-type shadecloth, using natural photoperiods (completely randomized design). Shoot heights and dry weights were recorded 75 days after sowing. Neither shading nor DCPTA influenced total seedling emergence or seedling emergence rate (time to 50% emergence). Under 30% shading, seedlings from DCPTA-treated seeds were taller and had more shoot dry weight than seedlings from surfactant- or water-treated-seeds; however, DCPTA did not influence seedling height or shoot weight under 63% or 84% shading.
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Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Influence of Seed Vigor, Herbicide Rates, and Incorporation Depths on Emergence and Seedling Development of Soybean (Glycine max)." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (1992): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036290.
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Imazaquin at 140, 280, and 420 g ai ha-1did not negatively affect seedling emergence from high vigor (98% germination) soybean seed but, coupled with a 5.0-cm herbicide incorporation depth, reduced seedling emergence from low vigor (67% germination) seed at all rates. Imazaquin at 420 g ha-1incorporated 5.0 cm deep reduced low and high vigor seedling height 36 and 28%, respectively. Imazaquin at all rates reduced root length from high vigor seed, whereas only the high rate reduced root length of seedlings from low vigor seed. Although 420 g ha-1metribuzin did not affect seedling emergence or root length, emerged seedlings were severely damaged when herbicide was incorporated to 5.0 cm. Trifluralin at 840 and 1680 g ai ha-1reduced emergence of low vigor seed when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 840 g ha-1did not affect seedling height or root length, but 1680 g ha-1reduced height of seedling from low and high vigor seed by 86 and 66% when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 1680 g ha-1reduced shoot dry weight of both types of seedlings only at the 5.0-cm incorporation depth.
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Abrecht, DG. "No-till crop establishment on red earth soils at Katherine, Northern Territory: effect of sowing depth and firming wheel pressure on the establishment of cowpea, mung bean, soybean and maize." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890397.
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The effect of sowing depth and firming wheel pressure of a no-till planter on the emergence and seedling growth of soybean, cowpea, mung bean and maize was examined in a red earth soil at Katherine, Australia. Each species was planted in a factorial combination of 3 sowing depths (60, 80, 100 mm) and 3 seed firming wheel pressures (1, 6, 11 kg/cm tyre width). Hot, dry conditions for 14 days after sowing resulted in rapid drying of the soil and high soil temperature. Most seed germinated but there was considerable variation in seedling emergence. Good seedling emergence of mung bean (96%) and cowpea (95%) contrasted with poorer emergence of soybean (57%) and maize (50%). Maize germinated more slowly than the grain legumes and unemerged seedlings had ceased growing when the coleoptiles were < 10 mm long. Soybean germinated rapidly and hypocotyls of the unemerged seedlings had stopped growing within 20 mm of the soil surface. The development of maize and soybean seedlings may have been retarded by high temperatures and severe soil water deficits. Deep planting slowed emergence but increased seedling growth in maize and soybean. The effect was most evident in soybean. Firming wheel pressure did not influence the soil strength below the planted seed and did not significantly affect seed germination, seedling emergence or seedling growth.
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Marler, Thomas E., and April N. Cascasan. "Number of emerged seedlings and seedling longevity of the non-recruiting, Critically Endangered Håyun lågu Tree Serianthes nelsonii Merr. (Fabales: Leguminosae) are influenced by month of emergence." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (2015): 8221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2100.7.15.8221-8225.
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<p>Emergence and longevity of seedlings beneath Guam’s only known Håyun lågu Tree <em>Serianthes nelsonii</em> were studied to determine the fate of every observed seedling during 2013. Newly emerged seedlings were marked with wire stakes every 15 days, then the stakes were collected at each seedling upon death. Longevity of each seedling was calculated from the marked ending and emergence dates. The least number of newly emerged seedlings was recorded at the end of the dry season, and the greatest number of newly emerged seedlings was recorded in the beginning of the rainy season. More than half of the year’s 374 seedlings died in less than 30 days. Seedling longevity ranged from a mean of 31 days for seedlings that emerged in May to 78 days for seedlings that emerged in June. Our results reveal that the baseline level of recruitment potential of the lone survivor of this species on Guam is substantial, and underscore the need for further research to determine the factors associated with the acutely limited seedling lifespan.</p><div> </div>
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Wurr, D. C. E., and Jane R. Fellows. "The influence of sowing depth and seed press wheel weighting on seedling emergence of crisp lettuce." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 3 (1985): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600044415.
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SummaryThe effects on emergence and growth of crisp lettuce seedlings as a result of sowing seeds at different depths and pressing them into the furrow bottom with a weighted seed press wheel were examined in three similar experiments in 1982, 1983 and 1984. Sowing depth had a considerable effect on percentage seedling emergence and the spread of emergence times but the pattern of response varied from year to year and appeared to be related to differences in soil moisture content. The most uniform emergence and the highest level of emergence were achieved by sowing shallowly (< 10 mm) with rainfall almost immediately after sowing then keeping the soil moisture content close to field capacity for 2 days. When rainfall or irrigation were delayed, drilling 15–20 mm deep gave more consistent results. Effects on seedling weight and variability of weight were associated with the time and uniformity of seedling emergence. Later emerging seedlings were lighter and a wide spread of emergence times gave seedlings of variable weight. There was virtually no effect on emergence of using additional weights on a seed press wheel.
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Tang, Jiao, Carlos Alberto Busso, Deming Jiang, et al. "Experimental sand burial affects seedling survivorship, morphological traits, and biomass allocation of <i>Ulmus pumila</i> var. <i>sabulosa</i> in the Horqin Sandy Land, China." Solid Earth 7, no. 4 (2016): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1085-2016.
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Abstract. As a native tree species, Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa (sandy elm) is widely distributed in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. However, seedlings of this species have to withstand various depths of sand burial after emergence because of increasing soil degradation, which is mainly caused by overgrazing, climate change, and wind erosion. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the changes in its survivorship, morphological traits, and biomass allocation when seedlings were buried at different burial depths: unburied controls and seedlings buried vertically up to 33, 67, 100, or 133 % of their initial mean seedling height. The results showed that partial sand burial treatments (i.e., less than 67 % burial) did not reduce seedling survivorship, which still reached 100 %. However, seedling mortality increased when sand burial was equal to or greater than 100 %. In comparison with the control treatment, seedling height and stem diameter increased at least by 6 and 14 % with partial burial, respectively. In the meantime, seedling taproot length, total biomass, and relative mass growth rates were at least enhanced by 10, 15.6, and 27.6 %, respectively, with the partial sand burial treatment. Furthermore, sand burial decreased total leaf area and changed biomass allocation in seedlings, partitioning more biomass to aboveground organs (e.g., leaves) and less to belowground parts (roots). Complete sand burial after seedling emergence inhibited its re-emergence and growth, even leading to death. Our findings indicated that seedlings of sandy elm showed some resistance to partial sand burial and were adapted to sandy environments from an evolutionary perspective. The negative effect of excessive sand burial after seedling emergence might help in understanding failures in recruitments of sparse elm in the study region.
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Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: V. Comparisons between Seeds, Seedlings, and Cuttings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 2 (1993): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.2.269.
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We determined whether the chilling process (endodormancy release) was similar in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch cv. Johnson Elberta] seeds, seedlings (near normal to physiologically dwarfed), and mature plants (cuttings) by comparing correlation coefficients of various growth measurements following similar chilling treatments. Seed germination (10 days after forcing at 20C) and seedling emergence (15 days after forcing in the greenhouse) correlated highly with leaf and shoot growth (56 days of growth) of seedlings and terminal shoot growth of cuttings (13 days after forcing). The correlations were higher for germination than for emergence. Initial (first season) seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings (second season) and shoot growth of cuttings. Budbreak and growth of seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of cuttings. The abnormal leaf problem, which can cause apex abortion (common with initial seedling growth), confounded correlations with initial seedling growth. Yet, the abnormal leaf problem did not hinder correlations with the second seasons growth. Good relationships between the chilling mechanisms that promoted germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings and shoot growth of cuttings existed, but were dependent on what was measured and when the measurement was taken. Germination (forced at 20C) was the most accurate indicator of the seed chilling status for comparisons with the responses of the other propagules.
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Yamoah, E., E. E. Jones, D. M. Suckling, G. W. Bourd?t, and A. Stewart. "Suppression of emergence and growth of gorse (Ulex europaeus) seedlings by Fusarium tumidum." New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (August 1, 2006): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4495.
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The effect of Fusarium tumidum a potential mycoherbicide on gorse seedling emergence and growth was examined in three experiments In Experiment 1 F tumiduminoculated wheat grains (one two or three) were placed close to pregerminated gorse seeds at sowing Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were lower than the control treatment at all three inoculum densities but there was no significant difference in percentage emergence In Experiments 2 and 3 two inoculated wheat grains were placed in contact with the seedlings at sowing Less than 50 of inoculated seedlings emerged compared with 97 in the control treatments from both experiments Soon after emergence about onethird of the inoculated seedlings that had emerged died from dampingoff disease caused by F tumidum Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were significantly lower than the control treatment The results suggest that F tumidum can suppress gorse seedling emergence and growth
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Zhu, Jiao-jun, Takeshi Matsuzaki, Feng-qin Lee, and Yutaka Gonda. "Effect of gap size created by thinning on seedling emergency, survival and establishment in a coastal pine forest." Forest Ecology and Management 182, no. 1-3 (2003): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(03)00094-x.
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Lodder, MS, RH Groves, and WJ Muller. "Early Seedling Growth of Three Species of Danthonia as Affected by Depth of Sowing and Nutrient Supply." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 5 (1994): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940543.
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In an experiment in a controlled environment, seedling emergence of three species of Danthonia (D. linkii var. fulva, D. tenuior and D. richardsonii) was measured in response to sowing depth. Seedlings of all three species did not emerge if seeds were buried deeper than 25 mm. At lesser depths, D. linkii var. fulva showed greatest tolerance to increasing sowing depth, whilst D. tenuior was intermediate and D. richardsonii was least tolerant of seed burial. In a separate experiment, seedlings of Danthonia linkii var. fulva and two geographically distinct populations of D. richardsonii emerged earlier, grew faster and had a higher biomass than those of D. tenuior in response to nutrient supply. The latter population grew more slowly than the others, but by day 54, the number of emergents of D. tenuior had equalled those of the other populations. Nutrient addition had little effect on seedling development, except that by day 54, four times normal nutrient level reduced root growth in all four populations. No population by nutrient interactions were found for either time to emergence or for seedling biomass up to 54 days from sowing. Increases in shoot biomass and the reversal of shoot to root ratios occurred between 41 and 54 days after sowing, by which time seedling establishment of Danthonia was complete. Some practical recommendations for field sowings are given based on the results of this and other studies.
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Wurr, D. C. E., Jane R. Fellows, and L. P. Bufton. "Effects of seed covering treatments on the emergence and seedling growth of crisp lettuce drilled with an experimental dibber drill." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 3 (1985): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600059426.
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SUMMARYPelleted seed of the crisp lettuce variety Pennlake was sown on five occasions with units from either the experimental dibber drill designed by the National Institute of Agricultural Engineering or a Stanhay S870 drill. There were three dibber-drill treatments: seeds left in open holes or covered with peat–vermiculite or perlite. Seedling emergence and growth from each sowing of the four drill treatments were compared under different moisture regimes.There were large differences between drill treatments in emergence percentage, time to emergence of 50% of the seedlings which emerged (t50) and seedling weight at all sowings but there was a significant effect of drill treatment on the standard deviation of seedling emergence times at only one sowing. Of the dibber-drill treatments, only very occasionally did open holes or perlite cover give significantly better emergence than peat-vermiculite cover, which gave the most consistent results. In general, the dibber drill with peat-vermiculite cover gave significantly faster and higher emergence and heavier seedlings than the Stanhay drill. Differences in percentage seedling emergence tended to be greater under dry conditions.
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Melo, Raphael AC, Marçal HA Jorge, Adriel Bortolin, Leonardo S. Boiteux, Caue R. Oliveira, and José M. Marconcini. "Growth of tomato seedlings in substrates containing a nanocomposite hydrogel with calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt)." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 2 (2019): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190210.
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ABSTRACT The correct use of hydrogels in some situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth, and the water-retention capacity of the growing medium. A technique for the production of a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, additional research is necessary in order to validate this innovative input, particularly for the production of vegetable crops seedlings. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of seedlings, tomato hybrid ‘BRS Nagai’, in substrates containing different amendments of hydrogel NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arranged in a complete randomized blocks design, with three replications. Three substrates (peat moss, pine bark, and coconut peat) corresponded to the first factor and three rates of the NC-MMt hydrogel (0%= R1, 1.5%= R2 and 2.0%= R3, on a w/w basis) corresponded to the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were assessed after three weeks. Overall, peat moss-based and pine bark-based substrates resulted in higher values for most of the analyzed traits: plant emergency percentage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio and the Dickinson Quality Index. Rates of NC-MMt hydrogel displayed significant responses only to root superficial area and root volume. NC-MMt hydrogel amendment (mainly 1.5%) combined with specific substrates (mainly peat moss-based substrate) was able to improve the growth of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings, with no observed toxic effects.
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Blowes, WM. "Effect of ryegrass root residues, knockdown herbicides, and fungicides on the emergence of barley in sandy soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870785.
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Poor seedling emergence of 30 000 ha of winter crops occurred in Western Australia in 1984 after herbicides were used to kill weeds prior to sowing. In pot experiments to determine the possible cause(s), the emergence of barley seedlings was reduced by the presence of both herbicide treated and untreated ryegrass root residues in the soil. Fumigation of the soil with methy1 bromide or the application of a fungicide soil drench restored seedling emergence in the presence of ryegrass root residues, but benomyl drench was less effective than methyl bromide fumigant or furalaxyl soil drench. The effects of the residue, fumigant and furalaxyl were consistent in the 3 soils used but soif type affected the severity of the problem. In the presence of ryegrass root residues, Pythim species colonised the large roots and subsurface hypocotyl of barley seedlings. Metalaxyl seed dressing reduced the colonisation of barley seedlings by Pythim species and restored seedling emergence.
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Weekley, Carl W., Eric S. Menges, and Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio. "Seedling emergence and survival of Warea carteri (Brassicaceae), an endangered annual herb of the Florida Scrub." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 7 (2007): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-061.
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Seedling emergence and survival to flowering are critical processes in the life history of annual plants. We evaluated the importance of year and habitat on seedling emergence and the effects of year, habitat, timing of seedling emergence, and seedling density on survival of Warea carteri Small, an annual mustard endemic to Florida scrub. We tagged 1329 seedlings in 78 permanent 0.25 m2 quadrats in two habitats (scrub and disturbed) between 1999 and 2002 and followed seedlings monthly. Most (>80%) seedling emergence occurred between September and December. Emergence peaked 2 months earlier and was more variable in disturbed sites than in scrub. Seedling survival among years ranged from 3.5% to 12.0%. Seedling density varied from 1 to 75 per 0.25 m2 quadrat, with an overall median of 6.0. Survival was not density dependent. Median age at flowering ranged from 11.7 to 15.2 months, with late season recruits most likely to survive to flowering. Warea carteri recruits like a winter annual but flowers like a summer annual. Its delayed germination and a 12–15 month life span contribute to population cycling. Complete reproductive failure in unfavorable years, high seed production in favorable years, low rates of seed germination, and a persistent seed bank are consistent with predictions for an annual species in a variable habitat.
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Bąba, Wojciech, and Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba. "Do small-scale gaps in calcareous grassland swards facilitate seedling establishment?" Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 74, no. 2 (2011): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2005.017.
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In this study we analyzed gaps originated in different seasons of the year vs. places of close vegetation in calcareous grasslands in terms of their suitability for seedling germination and establishment. Gaps, irrespective of the time of their origin, significantly promoted seedling emergence as compared with close swards. However, the season of gap creation influenced the rate of seedling germination/emergence. Seedlings occurred more frequently in autumn and spring gaps than in the summer ones. The highest mean number of seedlings and of their species were noted in autumn openings. However, the subsequent survival of seedlings in autumn gaps was low. On the contrary, in spring gaps juveniles occurred with the significantly highest mean number, frequency and species richness. The above results pointed to the positive, although very limited role of artificially created gaps as places favouring seedlings establishment.
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Vander Wall, Stephen B. "Establishment of Jeffrey Pine Seedlings from Animal Caches." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 1 (1992): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/7.1.14.
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Abstract Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seeds have large wings and are effectively dispersed by wind, but 37% of the seedling emergence sites in spring 1989 in the Sierra Nevada of western Nevada consisted of tight clumps of seedlings. By fall 1989, 41% of all emergence sites where seedlings survived had resulted from what were originally clumps of seedlings. As Jeffrey pines aged, clumps became smaller, and the frequency of clumps decreased. These seedling clumps and many single seedlings emerged from the scattered caches of seed-hoarding rodents and corvids, and the activities of these animals in the study area were sufficient to account for most of the Jeffrey pine seedling establishment observed. Cached seeds may gain important advantages over uncached seeds in the semiarid habitat occupied by this pine. West. J. Appl. For. 7(1):14-20
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Zhang, Jianhua, and Paul B. Cavers. "Seedling emergence after maternal bentazon application to 10 cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) populations." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (1994): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-157.
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Maternal environments have been reported to affect various seed and seedling characteristics in many plants. In this study, we examined the effect of bentazon application to the mother plants on seed germination and seedling emergence of 10 cocklebur populations from wetlands or cultivated land. The mortality or longevity of fully developed seeds was affected significantly by bentazon application. Rate of seedling emergence showed little response, whereas percentage seedling emergence and percentage viable seeds in the soil were reduced by bentazon treatment to the mother plants. Populations from wetlands produced seedlings earlier than those from cultivated land. Key words: Seedling emergence, seed bank, herbicide, bentazon, cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium
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Prato, Andrés I., L. Felipe Daibes, Miguel A. Pabón, Alvaro A. Castaño, Carolina Santos-Heredia, and Claudimar S. Fior. "Seedling Emergence of the Tree Legume Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff, Endemic from a Colombian Tropical Rainforest." Forest Science 67, no. 4 (2021): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab013.
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Abstract Seedling emergence is the main propagation method of forest species. Thus, we aimed to evaluate emergence aspects of the tree legume Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff (sapán or blackheart sapán), a Fabaceae of high economic value endemic to the Colombian rainforest. We characterized the biometry of legumes and seeds and assessed seedling emergence in three experiments: (1) effect of fruit color and substrate, (2) seed conservation in storage, and (3) presoaking and seed position. Our results showed that seeds of green-yellow fruits have greater length and weight and a water content of up to 53%. Seedling emergence did not differ between green-yellow and dark-brown fruits but did differ with substrate type; nearly 80% of seedlings emerged in the sand substrate (S1), but only 62% emerged in the mixed substrate (S3). Fresh sapán seeds are nondormant, showing a recalcitrant behavior in which seedling emergence decreased after storage in all tested conditions. Both seed-sowing positions allowed an emergence of &gt;80% with a small benefit of the hilum downward, regardless of presoaking treatments. However, these differences did not affect seedling height or biomass after emergence. Our results provide basic knowledge on production of tropical seedlings, seeking species conservation, and use in restoration projects.
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Baron, Daniel, Gisela Ferreira, Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro, and Martha Maria Mischan. "Evaluation of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) Seedlings." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (2011): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011005000053.
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Choosing a substrate is the determinant factor for the seedling producer; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three treatments and five replicates of 72 seeds per plot. The treatments consisted of the following substrates: coconut fiber, vermiculite and Plantmax® Citrus. The number of emerged seedlings was weekly counted for 105 days. Data regarding seedling height were obtained, and the emergence velocity index and mean time, besides total emergence percentage and that over time were calculated. Results from total mean emergence percentage, seedling height, emergence velocity index (EVI), and mean emergence time (MET) were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey's test at 5% significance. The curves concerning the emergence percentage over time were fit by the logistic growth equation for each treatment and the means of each parameter (A, B, C) were compared by the Duncan's test at 5% significance. The substrates vermiculite led to the highest values of emergence percentage differing from the PlantMax® Citrus, but not of the coconut fiber, however the vermiculite promoted seedling height in a shorter time; therefore, this substrate is recommended for the initial development of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings.
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M.G. Nayak and G.S. Mohana, Babli Mog, J. D. Adiga. "Germination and seedling establishment in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.): An interaction between seed size, relative growth rate and seedling biomass." Journal of Plantation Crops 45, no. 2 (2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jpc.2017.v45.i2.3305.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Seeds of cashew were used to determine the effect of seed mass (5.2 to 7.8 g) on germination, seedling emergence and growth<br />under nursery conditions. Germination percentage and germination time showed significant correlation with seed mass. Large<br />sized seeds had higher germination percentage (81.6%) and produced more vigorous seedlings. Per cent seedling emergence was<br />related to seed mass with large sized seeds exhibited faster emergence. Seed mass significantly affected seedling survival and<br />survival rate was high in seedlings arising from large sized seeds (62.9%). Seedling vigor expressed in terms of shoot and root<br />length, leaf number, leaf area and total dry matter was significantly affected by seed mass. Seedlings that emerged from large sized<br />seeds showed better growth and produced heavier seedlings as compared to medium sized seeds. RGR showed significant variation<br />(0.152 to 0.240 g g-1day-1) among two seed size classes positively correlated with seed mass, leaf area (LA), unit leaf rate per unit<br />leaf area (ULRM), root to shoot ratio (R/S) and root mass ratio (RMR) and negatively with stem mass ratio (SMR). The study<br />concluded that the seed mass and RGR have influence on seedling growth and success of seedling establishment in cashew.</p>
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Li, Qiang, Pujia Yu, Xiaoying Chen, Guangdi Li, Daowei Zhou, and Wei Zheng. "Facilitative and Inhibitory Effect of Litter on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Six Herbaceous Species in an Early Successional Old Field Ecosystem." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/101860.
Full textAbstract:
In the current study, a field experiment was conducted to examine effects of litter on seedling emergence and early growth of four dominant weed species from the early successional stages of old field ecosystem and two perennial grassland species in late successional stages. Our results showed that increased litter cover decreased soil temperature and temperature variability over time and improved soil moisture status. Surface soil electrical conductivity increased as litter increased. The increased litter delayed seedling emergence time and rate. The emergence percentage of seedlings and establishment success rate firstly increased then decreased as litter cover increased. When litter biomass was below 600 g m−2, litter increased seedlings emergence and establishment success in all species. With litter increasing, the basal diameter of seedling decreased, but seedling height increased. Increasing amounts of litter tended to increase seedling dry weight and stem leaf ratio. Different species responded differently to the increase of litter.Puccinellia tenuifloraandChloris virgatawill acquire more emergence benefits under high litter amount. It is predicted thatChloris virgatawill dominate further in this natural succession old field ecosystem with litter accumulation. ArtificialP. tenuifloraseeds addition may be required to accelerate old field succession toward matured grassland.
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Witharama, W. R. G., Robert E. L. Naylor, and G. P. Whytock. "Influence of Planting Date and Microsite on Weed Dynamics in Sugarcane in Sri Lanka." Weed Science 55, no. 1 (2007): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-05-110.1.
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Experiments were conducted in Sri Lanka to compare weed seedling emergence in three sugarcane plots of 0.1 ha planted in October 1995, January 1996, and April 1996. In each plot, weed seedling emergence was monitored for 20 wk in five permanent quadrats on each of three microsites: on ridges, in furrows, and on adjacent fallow land. Soil moisture (0 to 5 cm) and soil temperature (at 2.5 cm) were also recorded. Only crowfootgrass, swamp millet, and guineagrass (all grasses) occurred in all nine planting time-by-microsite combinations. About half of all seedlings emerging over the three planting times were swamp millet, and the next most frequent species was tropic ageratum. The composition of the emerged flora was similar on ridges and in furrows, but more seedlings emerged in the furrows than on the ridges. The highest number of emerged seedlings and of species occurred on adjacent fallow land. The major factor influencing seedling emergence appeared to be soil moisture.
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Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Effects of Harvest-Aid Herbicides on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Seed Yield and Quality." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (1992): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036587.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to study the effects of 220 g ai ha-1AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha-1glufosinate, 560 g ai ha-1glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha-1paraquat on sicklepod seed production and quality when applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 growth stages of sicklepod. No seed were produced on plants treated at R5 with paraquat and glufosinate; glyphosate was the least effective herbicide at this growth stage. Although sicklepod seed germinated after AC 263,222 application at R5, no seedling emergence occurred. Normal seedlings, seedling emergence, and seedling radicle length were reduced by all herbicides applied to parent plants at R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. AC 263,222 applied at R7 reduced normal seedlings and seedling emergence more than any other herbicide. No effects were observed on any of the variables investigated when herbicides were applied at R8.
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Boyer, James N., David B. South, Carl Muller, Harry Vanderveer, Walter Chapman, and William Rayfield. "Speed of Germination Affects Diameter at Lifting of Nursery-Grown Loblolly Pine Seedlings." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 4 (1985): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.4.243.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Speed of germination affects seedling quantity and quality. This study investigated the effect of germination speed on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedling diameter at lifting. Studies were installed at three forest nurseries in Alabama to test the effects of stratification treatments on speed of germination and of seedling emergence date on final seedling diameter. Results varied with the length of stratification employed. However, in all cases, seedlings which emerged earliest (first 40%) attained significantly larger diameters than seedlings from seeds which germinated later.¹
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Diniz, Kênia Almeida, Paulo de Albuquerque Silva, João Almir Oliveira, and José Renato Emiliorelli Evangelista. "Sweet pepper seed responses to inoculation with microorganisms and coating with micronutrients, aminoacids and plant growth regulators." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 3 (2009): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000300002.
Full textAbstract:
Small sized seeds, such as the horticultural species, have limited quantities of reserves that can be balanced by coating then with essential nutrients for their initial development. In addition, inoculation of the seeds with microorganisms may protect the plants against phytopathogens, thus enhancing their growth. The present work had the objective of evaluate the physiological quality and seedling development of sweet pepper seeds and seedlings coated with several kind of films. Seeds were first coated with polymers and then with antagonistic microorganisms (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma polysporhum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae), mycorrhizas, aminoacids, micronutrients and plant growth regulators. Evaluation was performed for percentage of germination and for seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, number of plants, dry mass of the aerial and root parts and height of the seedlings. Inoculation with Trichoderma viride increased the percentage and rate of the seedlings emergence Inoculation with Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium anisopliae and mycorrhizas promote better seedling development; seed microbiolization with microorganisms Trichoderma viride, T. polysporhum, T. stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycorrhizas mixture negatively affected seeds and seedling quality. Seed covering with plant growht regulator, at a 5 mL kg-1 dose increased the roots dry matter.
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Tobe, Kazuo, Xiaoming Li, and Kenji Omasa. "Effects of irrigation on seedling emergence and seedling survival of a desert shrub Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 6 (2005): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04210.
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Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey) Bunge (Chenopodiaceae) is a shrub occurring on desert sand dunes in China. Seedling emergence and seedling survival were investigated by sowing seeds at different depths (0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mm) in fine or coarse sand in pots irrigated under different regimes. Seed burial in sand was required for seedling establishment of this species. Seedling emergence depended greatly on seed burial depth, sand type, and irrigation regime; this appeared to be due to (1) seeds or seedlings suffering from oxygen or moisture deficiency depending on the air : moisture ratio in sand, and/or (2) higher moisture content in sand resulting in hardening of the sand and obstruction of seedling growth. Increased irrigation resulted in longer survival of emerging seedlings because sand was moistened more deeply, and moisture in deeper sand persisted longer. The results suggest that the infrequent and light precipitation common in desert environments is likely to cause germination of many of the buried seeds, but is insufficient for emerging seedlings to survive. It is suggested that water from melting snow in early spring is crucial in enabling seedling establishment of this species in the deserts of China.
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Winsa, Hans, and Urban Bergsten. "Direct seeding of PinusSylvestris using microsite preparation and invigorated seed lots of different quality: 2-year results." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 1 (1994): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-012.
Full textAbstract:
Direct seeding of Pinussylvestris L. is a regeneration method, with potential for development considering scarification, microsite preparation, seed invigoration, and seed quality. Three seed lots of different quality concerning seed weight, germination percent, and mean germination time were used on two sites in northern Sweden. Microsite preparation, 2 cm deep pyramidal indentations, of the mineral soil improved seedling emergence on the two sites by 48 and 62%, respectively, compared with seeding without preparation other than removal of the humus layer. Microsite preparation in combination with invigorated seed, i.e., seed incubated at 30% moisture content for 7 days at 15 °C, resulted in seedling emergence of about 85% for the highest and about 50% for the lowest seed quality at both sites. Noninvigorated seed, seeded without microsite preparation, reached about 55% for the highest and 22% at one and 43% at the other for the lowest seed quality. Without microsite preparation there was no, or a negative, effect of seed invigoration on seedling emergence. Seedling survival after the first winter improved significantly with better seed quality. Survival averaged 92 and 72% at the two sites, with frost heaving causing most mortality. Seedlings from invigorated and redried seed survived better than seedlings from untreated seed. Seedlings from the best seed quality had higher values in seedling height, about 35%, shoot length, about 60%, and needle length, about 30%, after two growing seasons than seedlings from lower seed qualities. Invigoration and microsite preparation had no effect on measured growth characteristics.