Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling. eng"
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Tecchio, Marco Antonio, SARITA LEONEL, LUIS LESSI DOS REIS, LILIAN MASSARO SIMONETTI, and MARLON JOCIMAR RODRIGUES DA SILVA. "STIMULATE NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE KUNQUAT ‘NAGAMI’." IRRIGA 1, no. 1 (2015): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2015v1n1p97.
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STIMULATE NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE KUNQUAT ‘NAGAMI’ MARCO ANTONIO TECCHIO1; SARITA LEONEL1; LUIS LESSI DOS REIS2; LILIAN MASSARO SIMONETTI2 E MARLON JOCIMAR RODRIGUES DA SILVA2 1 Eng. Agr., Doutor, Departamento de Horticultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu – SP, Caixa Postal 237. CEP: 18.610-307. E-mail: tecchio@fca.unesp.br; sarinel@fca.unesp.br.2 Eng. Agr., estudantes de pós-graduação, Departamento de Horticultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu – SP, Caixa Postal 237. CEP: 18.610-307. E-mail: lessireis@fca.unesp.br; lilian_simonetti@hotmail.com; marlonjocimar@gmail.com 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do Stimulate® no crescimento de mudas de Kunquat ‘Nagami’, em condições de casa de vegetação, do Departamento de Horticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP. As mudas de Kunquat ‘Nagami’ (Fortunella sp.), enxertadas sobre Limoeiro ‘Cravo’ (Citrus limonia Osbeck) foram adquiridas de um viveiro comercial de citros, localizado no município de Jacuba-SP, com 30 dias após a enxertia. Aos 60 dias após a enxertia, quando as mudas de Kunquat ‘Nagami’ atingiriam altura média de 40 cm e 22 folhas, foram realizadas quatro aplicações do bioestimulante Stimulate® nas seguintes concentrações: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mL L -1 de solução. Realizaram-se avaliações no crescimento das mudas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a última aplicação de Stimulate®. Avaliaram-se as variáveis: altura da planta, número de folhas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca da raiz, comprimento da raiz principal, diâmetro do caule do porta-enxerto e do caule da copa, área foliar e o índice relativo de clorofila. Obteve-se, com a dose de 200 mL de Stimulate® L-1, aumento na altura da planta, no número de folhas, no comprimento da raiz e no diâmetro da copa das mudas de Kunquat ‘Nagami’. Palavras chaves: Fortunella sp, viveiro, reguladores vegetais TECCHIO, M. A.; LEONEL, S.; REIS, L. L.; SIMONETTI, L. M., SILVA, M. J. R.EFFECT OF STIMULATE ® ON GROWTH OF ‘NAGAMI’ KUNQUAT SEEDLINGS 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Stimulate® on growth of ‘Nagami’ Kunquat seedlings in a greenhouse at the Horticulture Department in the College of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP. The seedlings of ‘Nagami’ Kunquat (Fortunella sp) grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) were from a commercial seedling nursery of citrus in Jacuba city-SP and were at 30 days after grafting. At 60 days after grafting, when the seedlings reached 40 cm mean height and 22 leaves, a total of four applications of Stimulate® plant growth regulator were performed in the following concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL L -1 of solution. Seedling growth evaluations were performed at 7, 14 and 21 days after the last Stimulate® application. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves, above ground fresh and dry matter, fresh and dry matter of roots, length of roots, diameter of the rootstock and canopy stems, leaf area and the relative chlorophyll index. The application of 200 mL Stimulate® L-1 in ‘Nagami’ Kunquat seedlings led to an increase in plant height, number of leaves, root length and stem diameter of canopies. Keywords: Fortunella sp, seedling nursery, plant growth regulator
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TECCHIO, MARCO ANTONIO, TATIANA PIRES DE ALMEIDA MERLIM, SARITA LEONEL, and HÉLIO GRASSI FILHO. "APLICAÇÃO DE COBRE EM MUDAS CÍTRICAS." IRRIGA 1, no. 1 (2015): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2015v1n1p87.
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APLICAÇÃO DE COBRE EM MUDAS CÍTRICAS MARCO ANTONIO TECCHIO1; TATIANA PIRES DE ALMEIDA MERLIM2; SARITA LEONEL1 E HÉLIO GRASSI FILHO3 1 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Departamento de Horticultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu – SP, Caixa Postal 237. CEP: 18.610-307. E-mail: tecchio@fca.unesp.br; sarinel@fca.unesp.br.2 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Pesquisador, Monsanto do Brasil, Uberlândia - MG. CEP: 38400-00. Email: Tatiana.merlin@monsanto.com3 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu – SP, Caixa Postal 237. CEP: 18.610-307. E-mail: heliograssi@fca.unesp.br. 1 RESUMO A produção de mudas em viveiros telados é o alicerce da citricultura paulista e o manejo da adubação constitui-se num dos principais entraves do processo. Nessas condições, a deficiência e o excesso de cobre em mudas cítricas tornou-se um sério problema para os viveiristas. Nesse cenário, realizou-se o presente trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da aplicação cúprica em mudas cítricas. O experimento foi realizado em viveiro comercial localizado na cidade de Botucatu/SP e consistiu na aplicação de cinco tratamentos: T1 – testemunha, T2 - oxicloreto de cobre (1,8 g L-1), T3 - óxido cuproso (500 g L-1), T4 - quelato de cobre EDTA (0,04 mL L-1) e T5 - sulfato de cobre (2,5g L-1). Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, foram realizadas avaliações a cada 30 dias, durante 5 meses, da altura média de planta (cm), diâmetro médio do caule (mm), massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e radicular (g) e teor médio de cobre nas folhas (mg kg-1) do porta enxerto de limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia, Osbeck), nas duas primeiras avaliações e na variedade copa laranjeira 'Valência' (Citrus sinensis, Osbeck), nas três avaliações posteriores. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdividas no tempo, onde as parcelas corresponderam aos tratamentos com cobre e as subparcelas aos meses de avaliação. Independentemente da fonte de cobre utilizada houve incrementos nas variáveis de crescimento avaliadas. O teor médio de cobre apresentou valores considerados excessivos, principalmente para os produtos aplicados via foliar.Palavras-chaves: Citrus limonia; Citrus sinensis; fibra de coco; crescimento. TECCHIO, M. A.; MERLIM, T. P. A.; LEONEL, S.; GRASSI FILHO, H. COPPER FERTILIZATION IN CITRIC SEEDLINGS 2 ABSTRACT Seedling production in protected nursery is the basis of the São Paulo state citrus culture, and fertilization management is one of the main pitfalls in the process. Copper deficiency and excess in citrus seedlings have become a serious concern for seedling nursery owners. Based on these considerations, the study aimed at evaluating the effects of copper fertilization on citrus seedlings. The experiment was carried out at a commercial seedling nursery in Botucatu city/SP and consisted of 5 treatments: T1 – control, T2 – copper oxyfluoride (1.8 g L-1), T3 – cupric oxide (500 g L-1), T4 – copper chelate EDTA (0.04 mL L-1) and T5 – copper sulphate (2,5g L-1). After treatment allocation, monthly evaluations were performed for 5 months for mean plant height (cm), mean stem diameter (mm), above ground and root dry matter (g) and mean copper level in the leaves (mg kg-1) of the rootstocks of the rangpur lime (Citrus limonia, Osbeck) in the two first evaluations. The three following evaluations were performed in the “Valencia” orange cultivar (Citrus sinensis, Osbeck). The experiment was completely randomized with a split plot design, in which plots corresponded to treatments with copper fertilization, and subplots to months of evaluation. Tj<0} Mean values of copper were considered excessive, mostly in the products applied to the leaves.Keywords: Citrus limonia; Citrus sinensis; coconut fiber; growth.
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Žindžiuvienė, Ingrida Eglė. "Nostalgia for the Lost Homeland as Part of Identity in Alė Rūta’s Works." Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne, no. 9 (April 24, 2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jk.2018.9.09.
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The article examines the representation of nostalgic memory of the lost homeland, Lithuania, in the Lithuanian diaspora writer’s, Alė Rūta’s (1915-2011), trilogy called “The Destiny of the Exiled”, which consists of the novels Pirmieji svetur (1984; Eng. - The First Abroad), Daigynas (1987; Eng. – The Seedling Plot), and Skamba tolumoj (1997; Eng. Echoes from Afar). These novels describe the multilayered problems of Lithuanian immigration into the U.S.A. and life of the immigrants there. Alė Rūta (Elena Nakaitė-Arbienė) is a well-known Lithuanian author, most of whose works (novels and collections of short stories and poems, all written in the Lithuanian language) have been published by the publishers of Lithuanian diaspora in the United States of America. The trauma of the loss of the native land results in the transmitted nostalgia in her novels. The author both mourns over the lost homeland and shares with the readers her grief over this loss and longing for seeing it again. In doing this, Alė Rūta echoes the nostalgic voices of many immigrants, who left their native country at different periods. The article also discusses the issue of preservation of ethnic identity, which is constructed on nostalgic and often melancholic memories of the past, and explores different types of nostalgia, which forms a core of Alė Rūta’s trilogy.
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Moore, James A., Zhaofei Fan, and Bahman Shafii. "Effect of Root-Plug Incorporated Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Two-Year Growth and Survival of Planted Ponderosa Pine Seedlings." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 17, no. 4 (2002): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/17.4.216.
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Abstract Three controlled-release fertilizers (fast release [FR], moderate release [MR], and slow release [SR]) were incorporated in the root plug at rates of 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 g/seedling at the time of sowing as supplements to nursery supplied soluble fertilizer. Effects on seedling growth, survival, and foliar nutrient status of the “160/90” container ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were evaluated after outplanting. At the end of the second growing season, fertilized seedlings had significantly greater diameter and height than unfertilized seedlings. The 3.2 g of MR or SR fertilizer treatments produced significantly higher mortality (55 and 36%, respectively) than the controls. The fast release fertilizer included at a rate of 0.8 g in each seedling's container was the preferred treatment since it produced good survival and seedling growth response. A 2-yr growth response of about 25% was similar to that observed in a nearby study using adjacent placement of controlled-release fertilizer after planting ponderosa pine seedlings. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):216–219.
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Sá, Francisco Vaniés da Silva, Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito, Ilkelan Bezerra Pereira, Pedro Antônio Neto, Luderlandio De Andrade Silva, and Franciscleudo Bezerra da Costa. "BALANÇO DE SAIS E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE PINHEIRA (Annona squamosa L.) SOB SUBSTRATOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA." IRRIGA 20, no. 3 (2015): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2015v20n3p544.
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BALANÇO DE SAIS E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE PINHEIRA (Annona squamosa L.) SOB SUBSTRATOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA FRANCISCO VANIES DA SILVA SÁ1; MARCOS ERIC BARBOSA BRITO2; ILKELAN BEZERRA FERREIRA3; PEDRO ANTÔNIO NETO3; LUDERLÂNDIO DE ANDRADE SILVA3 E FRANCISCLEUDO BEZERRA DA COSTA2 1 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestrando em Manejo de Solo e Água, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, RN. E-mail: vanies_agronomia@hotmail.com2 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor da Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, PB. E-mail: marcoseric@ccta.ufcg.edu.br; franciscleudo@yahoo.com.br3 Graduando em Agronomia, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, PB. E-mail: kelanb.ferreira@hotmail.com; pedroantonioufcg@gmail.com; luderlandioandrade@gmail.com 1 RESUMO A salinidade da água e do solo são problemas que mais concorrem para redução no crescimento e rendimento das culturas, notadamente em regiões áridas e semiáridas, observando-se na identificação de estratégias de manejo, uma alternativa para os sistemas de produção. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o uso de dois substratos na fase de formação de mudas de pinheira sob irrigação com águas salinizadas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no município de Pombal, PB, Brasil, no período de maio a julho de 2011, sob delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial (5x2), sendo cinco níveis de salinidade da água (NS= 0,3; 1,2; 2,4; 3,6; 4,8 dS m-1) e dois substratos (S) (S1= 50% de solo + 25% de esterco bovino + 25% de areia; S2= 40% de solo + 40% de esterco bovino + 20% de areia), repetido em três blocos, totalizando trinta parcelas experimentais, sendo cada uma constituídas por 10 plantas. O experimento foi conduzido durante 45 dias após a semeadura, quando foram avaliadas as características químicas do solo, a emergência e o crescimento inicial das plantas. A irrigação com água salina aumentou a salinidade do substrato, sendo está menos intensa no substrato 2. As altas concentrações de sais na água de irrigação inibem a emergência, o crescimento e o ganho de biomassa das plântulas de pinheira. As plantas de pinheira alcançaram o melhor desenvolvimento quando cultivadas no substrato 2. A salinidade da água de irrigação até 1,2 dSm-1 não compromete a formação de mudas de pinheira. Palavras-chave: estresse salino, formação de mudas, matéria orgânica. SÁ, F.V.S; BRITO, M.E.B.; FERREIRA, I.B.; ANTÔNIO NETO, P.; SILVA, L.A.; COSTA, F.BSALT BALANCE AND INITIAL GROWTH OF CUSTARD APPLE UNDER SUBSTRATES IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER 2 ABSTRACT Water and soil salinity are the major pitfalls which contribute to reduction in growth and crop yield, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Identification of management strategies is an alternative tool for the crop system. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of two substrates in the seedling stage of custard apple under irrigation with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Pombal, PB, Brazil, from May to July 2011, using randomized blocks and treatments in a factorial design (5 x 2) with five levels of water salinity ( 0.3; 1.2; 2.4; 3.6 and 4.8 dS m-1). Two substrates (S) (S1 = 50% soil + 25% manure + 25% sand; S2 = 40% soil+ 40% manure + 20% sand) repeated in three blocks were used, amounting to 30 plots with 10 plants each. The experiment was conducted for 45 days after sowing, and then, chemical characteristics of the soil solution, emergence and initial growth of plants were evaluated. Irrigation with saline water increased substrate salinity, which was lower in the substrate 2. High concentrations of salts in the irrigation water inhibited emergence, growth and gain of biomass of custard apple seedlings. Plants of custard apple achieved their best development when cultivated in the substrate 2 containing 40% soil, 40% manure and 20% sand. Salinity of irrigation water up to 1.2 dSm-1 did not compromise seedling growth of custard apple. Keywords: Annona squamosa L., salt stress, seedling production, organic matter.
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Marler, Thomas E., and April N. Cascasan. "Number of emerged seedlings and seedling longevity of the non-recruiting, Critically Endangered Håyun lågu Tree Serianthes nelsonii Merr. (Fabales: Leguminosae) are influenced by month of emergence." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (2015): 8221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2100.7.15.8221-8225.
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<p>Emergence and longevity of seedlings beneath Guam’s only known Håyun lågu Tree <em>Serianthes nelsonii</em> were studied to determine the fate of every observed seedling during 2013. Newly emerged seedlings were marked with wire stakes every 15 days, then the stakes were collected at each seedling upon death. Longevity of each seedling was calculated from the marked ending and emergence dates. The least number of newly emerged seedlings was recorded at the end of the dry season, and the greatest number of newly emerged seedlings was recorded in the beginning of the rainy season. More than half of the year’s 374 seedlings died in less than 30 days. Seedling longevity ranged from a mean of 31 days for seedlings that emerged in May to 78 days for seedlings that emerged in June. Our results reveal that the baseline level of recruitment potential of the lone survivor of this species on Guam is substantial, and underscore the need for further research to determine the factors associated with the acutely limited seedling lifespan.</p><div> </div>
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Aizen, Marcelo A., and Hilary Woodcock. "Effects of acorn size on seedling survival and growth in Quercus rubra following simulated spring freeze." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (1996): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-037.
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Seed size is an important phenotypic trait commonly associated with the fitness of young seedlings exposed to environmental stress. Spring frosts can cause leaf necrosis and seedling mortality in young oak seedlings, and seedling mortality following spring freeze events is a factor limiting the northern range limits of Quercus gambelii (Nutt.). We examined the relationship between acorn size and seedling survival following spring freeze by exposing 1-month-old Quercus rubra (L.) seedlings from two sites in Massachusetts to −3 °C for 8 h. Mortality of 1-month-old frost-exposed seedlings (20–25%) was 10 times higher than control mortality, with survival directly related to acorn size. Seedling size at the end of the first growing season was negatively affected by frost exposure and positively associated with acorn size. Overwintering mortality (<5%) was negatively associated with seedling size. The production of large acorns should confer a selective advantage in habitats susceptible to spring frosts through a positive effect on seedling establishment success under stress. Keywords: red oak, acorn size, frost, seedling survival.
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Lazreg, F., L. Belabid, J. Sanchez, E. Gallego, J. A. Garrido-Cardenas, and A. Elhaitoum. "First Report of Fusarium equiseti Causing Damping-Off Disease on Aleppo Pine in Algeria." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (2014): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-13-0194-pdn.
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The Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is a conifer native to the Mediterranean region. In 2008 and 2009, a survey of Aleppo pine seedling diseases was performed in three forest nurseries from Relizane, Sidi Bel Abbes, and Tlemcen provinces in northwestern Algeria. Aleppo pine seedlings showed symptoms of pre- and post-emergence damping-off disease, with an incidence of 64 to 77%. Four composite samples were taken from each location. Disinfested root and root collar segments, approximately 5 mm in length, were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C, and hyphal tips were transferred to PDA. Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc. (teleomorph: Gibberella intricans Wollenw.) was identified from roots of two seedlings from the Sidi Bel Abbes nursery. Morphological identification was done according to Fusarium keys (2). PDA colonies with abundant, loosely floccose, whitish aerial mycelium and beige pigmentation were observed. Macroconidia with usually 5 to 6 septa, 31 to 45 μm long. A pronounced dorsiventral curvature, tapered and elongated apical cell, and prominent foot shape were observed. Microconidia were absent. Chlamydospores were produced in hyphae, most often intercalary, solitary, in pairs, frequently forming chains or clusters, globose (7 to 13 μm). To confirm the identity of this fungus, the internal transcribed spacer of F3RS1 and F19RS1 isolates of F. equiseti were amplified and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 primers (4), GenBank accession nos. JX114784 and JX114791, respectively. Those sequences bore 100% (HQ671182) similarity with sequences of F. equiseti in GenBank. Pathogenicity tests were performed to fulfill Koch's postulates. Inoculum was produced by adding a 5-mm-diameter plug from a 7-day-old CMA petri dish culture to a previously sterilized 500 ml flask (237.5 g sand, 12.5 g cornmeal, 80 ml sterile distilled water), shaken over 9 days at 25°C, and mixed with sterile sandy clay soil at 1:3 (v:v). Infested soil was then transferred to 500 ml pots, and 10 Aleppo pine seeds were planted per pot. A completely randomized design was used with three replicates per isolate and three control pots with a similar non-infested soil. After 1 month at 25°C the two tested isolates caused typical damping-off symptoms (collar rot) on seedlings and were re-isolated from recently infected tissues. The percentages of the inoculated plants that became infected were 59 to 65% among isolates (0% in control pots). To our knowledge, infection by F. equiseti is a first report on Aleppo pine in northwestern Algeria, Northern Africa, and globally, and on conifers in the Mediterranean region (1,3). In Algeria, F. equiseti is associated with black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) (3). These findings highlight the moderate impact of F. equiseti on the production of Aleppo seedling stock for reforestation activities in northwestern Algeria. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , February 20, 2013. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (3) D. W. Minter. Cybertruffle's Robigalia, Observations of Fungi and their Associated Organisms. Retrieved from http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/robigalia/eng/ , February 20, 2013. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Lazreg, F., L. Belabid, J. Sanchez, E. Gallego, J. A. Garrido-Cardenas, and A. Elhaitoum. "First Report of Fusarium chlamydosporum Causing Damping-Off Disease on Aleppo Pine in Algeria." Plant Disease 97, no. 11 (2013): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-13-0208-pdn.
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The Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is a conifer native to the Mediterranean region. In 2008 and 2009, a survey of Aleppo pine seedling diseases was performed in three forest nurseries from the Relizane, Sidi Bel Abbes, and Tlemcen departments in northwestern Algeria. One- to two-month-old Aleppo pine seedlings showed symptoms of damping-off in pre- and post-emergence (typical seedling collar rot). The problem was widespread with a disease incidence of 64 to 77% and an annual impact of US$50,000. Disinfested root and root collar segments (from four composite samples per location), approximately 5 mm in length, were cultured on PDA and incubated at 25°C and day/night light. Two (from 21) isolates were identified morphologically (2) as the anamorph Fusarium chlamydosporum Wollenw. & Reinking and isolated from collar rots of Relizane forest nursery seedlings. Colony development on PDA media was fast; 32 mm diameter colonies developed after 3 days. Colonies were white. Mycelia were floccose, fairly dense, off-white, and turned a lilac color in older portions of the colony. Macroconidia were thick-walled and moderately curved with unequal dorsiventral curvature (the lower wall is almost straight), short, curved and pointed apical cell, usually notched, but occasionally foot shaped basal cell, 3- to 5-septate, and 2 × 8 to 21 μm. Microconidia were abundant, 0-septate, and 2 × 6 to 9 μm. Chlamydospores were abundant, formed rapidly in single chains or clusters, and 8 to 15 μm diameter. To confirm the identity of this fungus, the internal transcribed spacer of F12RR and F4SR isolates of F. chlamydosporum were amplified and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 primers (4). Sequences were deposited in GenBank under accessions JX114795 and JX114789, respectively. Those sequences bore 99% similarity with reference sequence AY213655 (2) and 100% with HQ671187, also found 99 to 100% similarity with F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. but with different conidia. Pathogenicity tests were performed to fulfill Koch's postulates. Inoculum was produced by adding a 5 mm diam. plug from a 7-day-old CMA petri dish culture to a previously sterilized 500 ml flask (237.5 g sand, 12.5 g cornmeal, 80 ml SDW), shaken over 9 days, and mixed with sterile soil at 1:3 (v:v). Infested soil was then transferred to 500 ml pots, and 10 seeds were planted. A completely randomized design was used with three replicates per isolate and three control pots. After 1 month, two tested isolates caused typical damping-off symptoms on seedlings. The percentage of the plants that became infected was 65 to 77%. To our knowledge (1,3), this is the first report of F. chlamydosporum on Aleppo pine in northwestern Algeria. It is also the first report of this fungal species affecting the Aleppo pine throughout the world, and on conifers in Africa and the Mediterranean region (1,3). References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , February 20, 2013. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (3) D. W. Minter. Cybertruffle's Robigalia, Observations of Fungi and their Associated Organisms. Retrieved from http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/robigalia/eng/ , February 20, 2013. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Castro, Jorge, and Alexandro Leverkus. "Effect of Herbaceous Layer Interference on the Post-Fire Regeneration of a Serotinous Pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) across Two Seedling Ages." Forests 10, no. 1 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010074.
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Herbaceous vegetation is a major source of interference with the regeneration of woody species. This is particularly the case after forest fires, as a dense herbaceous layer usually regenerates naturally. Although the competitive effect of the herbaceous vegetation upon tree seedlings has been widely studied, there are still gaps in knowledge for management related to the effect of tree seedling age and size on the outcome of the interaction. In this study, we seek to determine the response of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) seedlings to herbaceous competition at two different seedling ages. For that, two treatments of herbaceous competition were implemented, namely unweeded (no action around pine seedlings) and weeded (herbaceous cover removed around pine seedlings). Treatments were conducted twice (2 and 4 years after the fire), and we monitored seedling survival and growth at the end of each growing season. The treatments were implemented across three adjacent landscape units that differed in the management of burned wood and that are representative of common post-fire scenarios: no intervention, salvage logging, and an intermediate degree of intervention. Weeding increased seedling survival from 44.7% to 67.8% when seedlings were 2 years old, but had no effect for four-year-old seedlings, which showed 99% survival. Seedling growth also increased in the weeding treatment, but only slightly. Moreover, growth (and survival for two-year-old seedlings) was strongly correlated with initial seedling size, particularly in the case of two-year-old seedlings. Initial pine seedling height was strongly and positively correlated with the height of the herbaceous layer, supporting the existence of microsite features that promote plant growth above competitive effects. The results support that management actions conducive to foster post-fire pine forest restoration in this Mediterranean ecosystem should reduce herbaceous competition at early stages after fire (second or third year) and focus on larger seedlings.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling. eng"
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Socolowski, Fabio. "Ecologia germinativa, relações alométricas e o efeito da massa das sementes de Tecoma stans L. Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae) sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento das plântulas /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100667.
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Orientador: Massanori Takaki<br>Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues<br>Banca: Silvio Moure Cícero<br>Banca: José Marcos Barbosa<br>Banca: Márcia Balistiero Figliolia<br>Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a massa e características morfométricas de frutos e sementes de Tecoma stans, bem como relacionar a massa das sementes a suas características morfológicas, utilizando paquímetro e imagens de raios X, e fisiológicas, através da germinação, emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de suas plântulas, sob duas condições de luminosidade . a pleno sol e sombra. Além disso, também foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes condições de temperatura e luz constantes, em laboratório, e em ambiente natural no sol e na sombra na germinação e emergência das plântulas. A massa dos frutos apresentou relações lineares significativas e positivas com suas características morfológicas e de produção de sementes. As relações entre a massa das sementes e suas características morfológicas foram positivas e significativas, porém na forma de uma função potência, sendo esta relação mais evidente com a largura do embrião. A massa das sementes também esteve relacionada a determinadas anomalias do desenvolvimento embrionário, observadas nas imagens de raios X. A germinação, a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas foram significativamente afetados pela massa das sementes, porém somente durante os três primeiros meses de desenvolvimento no ambiente de sol. A temperatura apresentou efeito na germinação e suas sementes germinaram tanto na luz quanto no escuro, contudo a emergência e sobrevivência das plântulas no ambiente de sol foi superior em relação ao observado na sombra.<br>Abstract: This study had the objective to evaluate the relationship between the mass and the morphometric characteristics of Tecoma stans fruits and seeds, as well as to relate the seed mass with its morphometric characteristics, utilizing caliper and X-ray images, and physiological characteristics, thought germination, emergency and seedlings initial development, under two conditions of light - at the sun and shade. More than, also were evaluated the effects of different conditions of constant temperature and light, under laboratory, and natural environment under sun and shade in the germination and emergency of the seedlings. The fruit mass presented positive, significative linear relationship with his morphological characteristics and with its seed production characteristics. The relationship between seed mass and its morphological characteristics were positive and significative, nevertheless with the model (shape) of power function, being the relationship more clear with the embryo width. The seed mass also was related to determinate anomalies of the embryo development that could be observed in the X-ray images. The germination, the seedling emergence and the initial seedling development were significative affected by seed mass, but only in the firth three months of development at the sun environment. The temperature affected Tecoma stans seed germination in both light and darkness environment, however the seedlings emergency and survival was greater at the sun environment than shade.<br>Doutor
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Iwazaki, Maísa de Carvalho. "Frutos, sementes e plântulas de três espécies de Mimosa Linnaeus(Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) : aspectos morfoanatômicos e considerações ecológico-filogenéticas /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88124.
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Orientador: Denise Maria Trombert de Oliveira<br>Banca: Luiz Antonio de souza<br>Banca: Silvia Rodrigues Machado<br>Resumo: Mimosa Linnaeus é o gênero com maior número de representantes de Mimosoideae no cerrado, com 189 espécies registradas. É um gênero que exibe características morfoanatômicas, hábito e tipos de frutos variados. Mimosa daleoides Benth., M. dolens Vell. var. anisitsii (Lindm.) Barneby e M. orthacantha Benth. são arbustivas e de ocorrência comum em remanescentes do cerrado paulista, observadas como invasoras, e foram selecionadas para o presente trabalho. Os objetivos foram descrever morfologia, anatomia e ontogênese dos frutos e sementes; detalhar a morfologia das plântulas e a anatomia e venação de cotilédones e eofilos; e comparar as espécies entre si e com a literatura. O material coletado foi processado segundo técnicas usuais em microscopia óptica, utilizando inclusão em metacrilato, cortes em micrótomo de rotação e coloração com azul de toluidina; também foram confeccionadas lâminas semipermanentes para análise de maceração, diafanização e cortes a mão livre. O ovário das três espécies é curto-estipitado, com 3-5 óvulos anátropos, tendendo a campilótropos apenas em M. daleoides. Emergências se formam ao longo do desenvolvimento do fruto no pericarpo; o mesocarpo é parenquimático, com hipoderme externa e interna de M. dolens var. anisitsii e somente a interna de M. daleoides com células fenólicas. Um meristema adaxial se desenvolve, do qual deriva o endocarpo externo, lignificado no final da maturação, e endocarpo interno, parenquimático. Mimosa orthacantha exibe fibras e esclereídes de orientações opostas no endocarpo externo, diferenciando-se das demais. A partir da análise anatômica, pode-se concluir que os frutos formados são craspédios em M. daleoides e M. orthacantha, ligados ao eixo da inflorescência do tipo racemo na primeira e glomérulo na segunda, e legumes de deiscência passiva em M. dolens var. anisitsii,...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Mimosa Linnaeus is the genus of Mimosoideae most represented in the cerrado, with 189 recorded species. The genus exhibits varied morphological and anatomical characteristics, habits, and fruit types. Mimosa daleoides Benth., M. dolens Vell. var. anisitsii (Lindm.) Barneby, and M. orthacantha Benth. are shrubs that commonly occur in remnant areas of cerrado vegetation in São Paulo State and are often considered invasive plants. The present work describes the morphology, anatomy, and ontogeny of the fruits and seeds of this species, examines the morphology of the seedlings, the anatomy and venation of the cotyledons and eophylls, and compares the three species and information concerning them in the published literature. The plant material was processed according to traditional techniques in light microscopy, including embedding in methacrylate, sectioning in a rotary microtome, and staining with toluidine blue. Additionally, semi-permanent slides were prepared for maceration analyses, clearing leaves, and free-hand sections. The ovary of the three species is short-stipitate, with 3-5 anatropous ovules, tending towards a campylotropous only in M. daleoides. Emergences form in the pericarp during fruit development; the mesocarp is parenchymal, with an outer and inner hypoderm in M. dolens var. anisitsii but only an inner hypoderm with phenolic cells in M. daleoides. An adaxial meristem develops, from which the outer and inner endocarp are derived; the outer is lignified at maturation, and an inner is parenchymatous. Mimosa orthacantha demonstrates fibers and sclerids oriented in opposite directions in the outer endocarp, a characteristic that differentiates this species from the others. Anatomical analyses indicate that the fruits of M. daleoides and M. orthacantha are craspedia and are fixed to the inflorescence axis of the raceme ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Ito, Letícia Akemi. "Métodos de enxertia em melão rendilhado e seus efeitos na produtividade em três épocas de cultivo /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96980.
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Orientadora: Leila Trevizan Braz<br>Banca: Joaquim Gonçalves Pádua<br>Banca: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins<br>Resumo: Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação do Setor de Olericultura e Plantas Aromático-Medicinais da FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, com o objetivo de avaliar seis métodos de enxertia em melão rendilhado e seus efeitos na produtividade em três épocas de cultivo. Para o delineamento experimental, foram realizadas análises conjuntas das três épocas de cultivo (Época 1 - 21-08-2007 a 17-12-2007; Época 2- 10-03-2008 a 22-08-2008; Época 3 - 10-07-2008 a 27-11-2008) com os tipos de enxertia, mais a testemunha. Cada característica também foi avaliada separadamente, utilizando-se do delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por dois métodos de enxertia utilizados no Brasil para cucurbitáceas: fenda cheia e encostia; quatro métodos da Coreia: palito, bisel, palito sem raiz e bisel sem raiz; e a testemunha que não foi submetida à enxertia. Após a realização das enxertias, as mudas permaneceram em câmara com alta umidade até o pegamento, quando foram transplantadas para casa de vegetação e tutoradas na vertical. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: diâmetros do porta-enxerto e enxerto, área foliar em três fases do cultivo, número de internódios, produção, dimensão dos frutos e sólidos solúveis. Na Época 3, observaram-se as maiores médias na maioria das características avaliadas, e foi considerada a mais indicada para a condução de mudas enxertadas. O tipo de enxertia não influenciou na maioria das características avaliadas. As enxertias tipo fenda cheia, encostia, bisel e bisel sem raiz resultaram em mais de 90% de pegamento e são as mais indicadas para melão rendilhado, uma vez que não ocorreram doenças de solo. Não houve diferença na produtividade entre os métodos de enxertia e o pé-franco.<br>Abstract: The works was carried in greenhouse at FCAV - UNESP, Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, to evaluated six grafting methods in muskmelon and their effects on the productivity in three seasons cultivations.The experiment design was in randomized blocks with seven treatments and three replications. (Season 1: August 21th to December 21th 2007; Season 2: March 10th to August 22th 2008 and Season 3: July 10th to November 27th 2008). The treatments was two grafting methods utilized in Brazil to cucurbits: fenda cheia and encostia; four methods from Korea: hole insertion grafting, splice grafting, combination of root pruning and hole insertion grafting, and combination of root pruning and splice grafting, and the testimony, that not be grafted process. After the grafting process, the seedlings stayed inside the high humidity chamber until the success of grafting. After the evaluations of percent of grafting, the seedlings was moved to greenhouse. Was evaluated the caracteristics of fruits: diameter of rootstocks and scion, leave area, node number, yield, fruits dimensions and SST. The season 3, has the greatest medium on the most of caracteristics evaluateds and was considered the most indicated to seedlings grafted yield. The graftings methods didn't influenced most of caracteristics evaluateds. The grafting methods of fenda cheia, encostia, splice grafting and combination of root pruning and splice grafting, arrived more than 90% of grafting success and they are the most indicated to muskmelon. Didn't have diference on the yield to grafting methods and testimony.<br>Mestre
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Silva, Josué Bispo da. "Testes para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de beterraba /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105115.
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Orientador: Roberval Daiton Vieira<br>Banca: Teresinha de Jesus Deléo Rodrigues<br>Banca: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho<br>Banca: Júlio Marcos Filho<br>Banca: Ana Dionisia da Luz Coelho Novembre<br>Resumo: O uso de testes de vigor é imprescindível na avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes produzidas e comercializadas por uma empresa. O trabalho, dividido em duas etapas, teve por objetivo estudar diferentes testes para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de beterraba. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que os testes de EA, EASS-20, EASS-40 e DC podem ser utilizados para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de beterraba; o uso de soluções salinas apresenta vantagem sobre o procedimento tradicional; o ajuste do TA das sementes no teste de deterioração controlada deve ser feito pelo método do substrato úmido.<br>Abstract: The use of vigor tests is essential to evaluate the physiological potential of seed lots produced and selled by a company. The work, separated in two stages, aimed to study different vigor tests to evaluate the physiological potential of beetroot seeds. With base in the results, it was concluded that EA, EASS-20, EASS-40 and DC tests can be used to evaluate the physiological potential of beet seeds; the use of solutions presents advantage on the traditional procedure; the adjustment of seed MC in the controlled deterioration test would be done by the method of humid substratum.<br>Doutor
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Ortolani, Flavia Aparecida. "Morfo-anatomia, citogenética e palinologia em espécies de ipês (Bignoniaceae) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102836.
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Resumo: Plântulas de C. antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart., T. chrysotricha (Mart. ex Dc.) Standl., T. heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo, T. roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sand. e Z. tuberculosa (Vell.) Bur., espécies arbóreas conhecidas popularmente como ipês, foram estudadas morfo-anatomicamente, citogeneticamente e palinologicamente. As sementes estenospérmicas apresentam testa em variados tons de castanhos com alas hialinas, assimétricas, flexíveis e de textura papirácea. As plântulas são angiospermas, dicotiledôneas, fanerocotiledonares e epigéias. Os sistemas radiculares são axiais e ramificados. Tanto hipocótilos como epicótilos são verdes e podem apresentar ou não pêlos. Os cotilédones são foliáceos, reniformes, bilobados, clorofilados, peciolados e com recortes apicais profundos. Os eófilos são simples, simétricos, glabros ou pilosos, peciolados e de filotaxia oposta. Apresentam ápice obtuso ou acuminado, base cuneada e margem serreada. As estruturas vegetais apresentam epidermes simples, unisseriadas e pilosas. Geralmente, os cotilédones, os eófilos e os metáfilos são dorsiventrais, hipoestomáticos com estômatos anomocíticos. Os mesófilos cotiledonares são heterogêneos, exceto em Tabebuia heptaphylla onde é homogêneo. O hipocótilo pode ser considerado zona de transição por apresentar elementos vasculares em diferenciação. O epicótilo possui os feixes vasculares colaterais organizados. Os elementos traqueais internos ao córtex da raiz estão dispostos em forma de anel ao redor de uma medula parenquimática. Nos pecíolos dos metáfilos os feixes vasculares colaterais dispõemse em forma de anel, com exceção de C. antisyphilitica e T. heptaphylla onde mostram-se em forma de ferradura. Todas as espécies possuem 2n = 40 cromossomos, exceto em T. chrysotricha onde foram detectadas sementes poliembriônicas com 2n = 80 cromossomos...(Resumo completo, clicar no acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Seedlings of C. antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart., T. chrysotricha (Mart. ex Dc.) Standl., T. heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo, T. roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sand. and Z. tuberculosa (Vell.) Bur., arboreal species popularly known as ipê, were morphoanatomically, cytogenetically and palinologycally studied. The estenospermic seeds have tegument in varied chestnut tones, with hyaline, asymmetric, flexible and paper texture expansions. The seedlings are angiosperm, dicotyledonous, phanerocotilar and epigeal. The root systems are axial and ramified. Both hypocotyll and epicotyll are green and can present pile or not. The cotyledons are foliaceous, kidney shaped, bilobe, chlorophyll, petiolate and with apical deep cuttings. The eophylls are simple, symmetrical, with or without pile, petiolate and of opposite phyllotaxy. They present obtuse or acuminate apex, cuneate base and sawed margin. The vegetable structures showed simple, unisseriate, pile epidermis. Generally the cotyledons, the eophylls and metaphylls are dorsiventral, hipostomatic, with anomocytic stomatal. The cotyledons mesophyll is heterogeneous, except the Tabebuia heptaphylla, within is homogeneous. The hypocotyll can be considered a transition zone by presenting vascular elements in differentiation. The epicotyll has organized collateral vascular bunches. The windpipe elements the root cortex is arranged in a ring around a parenquimatic medulla. In the petiolates of the metaphyll the collateral vascular bunches disposed is ring shaped, except the C. antisyphilitica and T. heptaphylla, where it is shown in a horseshoe shaped. All the species have 2n = 40 chromosomes, except the T. chrysotricha, where polyembryonic seeds with 2n = 80 chromosomes were detected. The chromosomes are small and present uniformity within the same karyotype...(Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)<br>Orientador: José Roberto Moro<br>Coorientadora: Fabíola Vitti Moro<br>Banca: Ricardo Machado da Silva<br>Banca: Herberte Pereira da Silva<br>Banca: Samira Miguel Campos de Araujo<br>Banca: Carlos Ferreira Damião Filho<br>Doutor
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Lui, Jandislau José. "Doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105300.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Câmpus da UNESP, de Jaboticabal, localizado a 21º15'22" de latitude sul, 48º18'58"de longitude oeste. Foram utilizados nove substratos, sendo dois latosolos, um vermelho eutroférrico argiloso e outro vermelho distrófico, seis misturas de latossolos com resíduo sólido orgânico urbano dessecado e triturado, não compostado e, este último, puro. Utilizou-se irrigação com quatro regimes (50%, 75%, 100% e 130% dos valores diários determinados) e a avaliação feita em cinco épocas (15, 29, 41, 53 e 79 dias após a semeadura). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas da cultura, variáveis químicas dos substratos e regimes de irrigação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o Resíduo Sólido Orgânico Urbano (R.S.O.U.) constitui-se fonte de nutrientes para as plantas e material corretivo com atributos químicos semelhantes a adubo mineral e calcário. Para os substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho eutroférrico argiloso, doses com até 40% de R.S.O.U. não exerceram influência negativa nas plantas. Nos substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho distrófico, a dosagem máxima para que o R.S.O.U. não influencie na vida das mudas, foi de 20%. Os melhores resultados para as plantas ocorreram o regime de irrigação de 75% do valor diário determinado. A relação C/N foi crescente com o aumento da porcentagem de R.S.O.U. Ao final da pesquisa a maioria dos substratos estavam na faixa entre 1/7,7 a 1/14,7.<br>Abstract: The deposition of trash in landfill, controlled landfills, and in its greatest part, in open dumps, pollute the soil and take spaces that could be used for other purposes. In relation to the organic trash, it has been used composted as manure in the agriculture, however, there are many inconveniences caused by this technique, among them contamination, a large used area, the long time of the process and the high cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of non composted urban organic solid residue dosages, in the substrate, associated to irrigation ways in the formation of Eucalyptus seedlings. The research was developed at the UNESP Campus, in Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, located at 21º 15' 22" South latitude, 48º 18'58" West longitude. Nine substrates were used, two latosols, one red clayey Eutroferric and another dystrophic red , six mixtures of latosols with dried and ground urban organic solid residue, non composted and one with pure residue. The irrigation was based on four levels, (50%, 75%, 100% and 130% of the evapotranspiration daily values). The plants behavior evaluation was done in five ages (15, 29, 41, 53 and 79 days after the sowing). It was evaluated the biometric variables of the culture and chemical variables of the substrates. The obtained results indicated that: the Urban Organic Solid Residue (U.O.S.R.) is a source of nutrients for the plants and corrective material, with chemical attributes similar to mineral manure and limestone. For the substrates constituted by red clayey eutroferric latosol, dosages up to 40% of U.O.S.R. did not have a negative influence on the plants. In the substrates constituted by dystrophic red latosol, the maximum dosage, so that the U.O.S.R. did not influence negatively on the lives of the plants, was 20%. The best results for the plants behavior occurred at the irrigation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)<br>Orientador: João Antonio Galbiatti<br>Coorientador: Jairo Augusto Campos de Araújo<br>Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz<br>Banca: Maurício José Borges<br>Banca: Edemo João Fernandes<br>Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissara<br>Doutor
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Magalhães, Stefânia Caixeta. "Disponibilidade de minerais, germinação e vigor de sementes de milho /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96797.
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Orientador: Francisco Humberto Dübbern de Souza<br>Banca: Roberval Daiton Vieira<br>Banca: Ana Dionísia da Luz Coelho Novembre<br>Resumo: A maioria dos métodos utilizados para estimar o vigor de amostras de sementes são qualitativos, portanto sujeito a erros do avaliador e de interpretação dos resultados. Metodologias quantitativas podem constituir alternativas mais confiáveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se os níveis de alguns minerais armazenados nas sementes e disponibilizados durante etapas iniciais do processo de germinação constituem indicadores sensíveis e confiáveis do nível de vigor de sementes de milho. Vinte lotes de milho foram avaliados pelos testes de germinação, de condutividade elétrica, frio e de emergência da plântula. Após 12 h, 24 h, 36 h e 48 h do início da germinação, foram avaliados também as concentrações de fósforo inorgânico (Pi), fósforo, cálcio, potássio e magnésio por meio das técnicas de análise de injeção em fluxo (FIA) e de espectrometria de emissão ótica acoplada a plasma de argônio induzido (ICP-OES). Para estas análises, os minerais foram extraídos de amostras moídas com água a 95ºC, agitadas por 30 minutos e centrifugadas. Concluiu-se que as concentrações de Pi, P, Ca, Mg e K, extraídos pelo método da água aquecida, em sementes de milho híbrido após determinados períodos de germinação, permitiram agrupar amostras de lotes de sementes de forma idêntica à permitida pelos resultados obtidos com vários testes utilizados para avaliar o nível de vigor de amostras de sementes. Nesse trabalho isso foi verificado pelas avaliações dos níveis de Pi após 12 h e 48 h, de P após 12 h, 36 h e 48 h, de Ca após 24 h, 36 h e 48 h, de Mg após 36 h e 48 h e de K após 36 h e 48 h de germinação.<br>Abstract: Most of the traditional methods used for seed vigor evaluation are qualitative and, as such, prone to errors and results misinterpretation. Quantitative methods may constitute more reliable alternatives. The aim of this work was to verify if the concentrations of some minerals stored in the seeds and made available during the initial stages of the germination process constitute sensitive and reliable indicators of the level of corn seed vigor. Twenty seed lots were evaluated by means of the germination, electrical conductivity, cold and seedling field emergence tests. Additionally, the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, phosporus, calcium, potassium and magnesium at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h after the initiation of the germination process were also evaluated by means of the injection analysis in flow (FIA) and the spectrometry of optic emission coupled to plasma of induced argon (ICP-OES) techniques. For these analyses grinded seed samples were extracted with water at 95ºC, agitated for 30 minutes and centrifuged . It was concluded that the concentrations of Pi, P, Ca, Mg and K, extracted by the warm water method, in hybrid corn seeds after certain stages of the germination process, allowed the rating the of seed lots in a way similar to that obtained with the results of several other seed vigor tests. Specifically, this was achieved by evaluating the concentratrions of Pi after 12 h and 48 h, of P after 12 h, 36 h and 48 h, of Ca after 24 h, 36 h and 48 h, of Mg after 36 h and 48 h and of K after 36 h and 48 h after the beginning of the germination process.<br>Mestre
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Paiva, Auricleia Sarmento de. "Disponibilidade hídrica na germinação de sementes e no crescimento de plântulas da leguminosa forrageira Macrotyloma axillare (E. Mey) Verdc. cv. Java /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105113.
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Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar características fisiológicas da leguminosa forrageira tropical, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java (macrotiloma) submetida a diferentes potenciais hídricos e determinar a qualidade fisiológica de três lotes de sementes dessa cultivar. Determinou-se a pureza física dos lotes, o peso de mil sementes, o teste padrão de germinação (TPG) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Os seguintes testes de vigor foram realizados: primeira contagem do TPG, condutividade elétrica e envelhecimento acelerado. Avaliou-se o efeito da disponibilidade hídrica do substrato sobre a germinação de sementes com o uso de soluções de Polietileno Glicol (PEG 6000) e a germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas no solo (60, 45 e 35% da capacidade de campo). Diferenças no potencial fisiológico inicial de sementes escarificadas puderam ser observadas pelo teste de germinação. Os testes de primeira contagem e IVG não foram sensíveis para detectar diferenças no potencial fisiológico das sementes dos três lotes estudados. O envelhecimento acelerado das sementes escarificadas pode ser realizado a 41º C por um período mínimo de 72 horas ou a 45º C durante 48 horas. O teste de condutividade elétrica mostrou-se adequado para diferenciar os lotes de sementes escarificadas, a partir de 48 horas de embebição. O lote 3 foi classificado como o lote de menor vigor. Houve redução progressiva e significativa da porcentagem de germinação e do IVG quando o potencial hídrico do substrato decresceu de 0,0 até -0,6 MPa e decréscimo na germinação e no IVG quando a disponibilidade hídrica no solo decresceu de 60% para 45 e 35% da capacidade de campo. Todas as características da parte aérea das plântulas foram prejudicadas pela redução da disponibilidade hídrica do solo, notadamente, os parâmetros altura de plântula,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate physiological characteres of the tropical forage legume, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java (perennial horse gram) submitted to different water potentials and to determine the physiological quality of three seed lots of this cultivar. The physical purity, 1000 seeds weight, standard germination test (SGT) and speed of germination index (SGI) were evaluated. The following vigour tests were performed: first count of SGT; electrical conductivity and accelerated aging. The effect of substratum water availability was studied using polyethylene glicol solutions (PEG 6000) on seed germination and soil with three levels of water contents (60, 45 and 35% of field capacity) on germination and early growth of seedlings. Differences on initial physiological potential of scarified seeds could be observed by the germination test. First count of germination and SGI were not sensible to detect differences in seed physiological potential of these three lots. The accelerated aging of scarified seeds can be performed at 41ºC during at least 72 hours or at 45ºC for 48 hours. The electrical conductivity test was adequate to differentiate lots of scarified seeds after 48 hours of imbibition. The seed lot number three was classified as the lowest vigour lot of perennial horse gram seeds. There was progressive and significant decrease of germination percentage and of SGI when the substratum water potential decreased from zero to -0,6 MPa and reduction of germination percentage and SGI when the soil water availability decreased from 60% to 45 and 35% of field capacity. All seedlings shoot characters were hastened by the decrease of soil water availability, mainly the parameters: seedling height, fresh mass and area of leaves... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)<br>Orientador: Teresinha de Jesus Deléo Rodrigues<br>Coorientador: Antônio João Cancian<br>Banca: Paola Pedroso Vantini<br>Banca: Ana Regina Pimentel de Almeida<br>Banca: Izabel Cristina Leite<br>Banca: Maria Lidia Stipp Paterniani<br>Doutor
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Almeida, Ernesto Luiz Pires de 1953. "Sistemas de produção de mudas cítricas em viveiros protegidos no Estado de São Paulo /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93550.
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Orientador: Hélio Grassi Filho<br>Resumo: Após a implantação das normas para "Produção de Muda Certificada de Citros no Estado de São Paulo", no ano de 1998, houve uma grande mudança no sistema de produção de mudas cítricas, passando do sistema de produção a céu aberto para um ambiente protegido, ou produção das mudas em estufas, e isso atingiu diretamente o produtor tradicional, que produzia até então a céu aberto. Essas mudanças foram necessárias devido ao aparecimento de doenças e pragas que estavam colocando em risco a produção citrícola brasileira, hoje, a maior do mundo. A doença Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC), é a principal doença que desencadeou tais mudanças. Transmitida pôr um inseto vetor, exigiu que a produção de mudas fosse em ambiente telado para evitar a contaminação, que antes a céu aberto proliferava largamente. Como a maior parte da produção de mudas era feita por produtores com conhecimentos técnicos limitados, o novo sistema exigiu diversas mudanças no sistema de produção, adoção de novas técnicas, novos manejos e investimentos altos na construção das estufas. Mesmo tendo normas a serem seguidas, cada produtor adaptou-se a seu modo ao novo sistema de produção, não comprometendo com isso a qualidade. O presente trabalho analisou as influências dessas mudanças sobre o produtor, através de questionários e as respostas foram tabuladas e comparadas às Normas de Produção de Mudas. Concluiu-se neste trabalho que os objetivos principais das Normas foram atingidos com um maior controle de doenças das mudas e conhecimento da origem do material genético. A preocupação inicial com a dificuldade dos produtores se adaptarem às novas normas, não concretizou, visto que houve uma grande aceitação por parte deles, destas mudanças.<br>Abstract: After the standards implanting for "Produção de muda Certificada de Citros no Estado de São Paulo", in the year of 1998, there was a big change in the production system of citric seedling, passing from the production system outdoors to a protected atmosphere, or the production of the seedling in greenhouses, and this directly affected the traditional producers, which until then were to produce outdoors. Those changes were necessary due to the appearance of diseases and nuisance that were putting in risk the Brazilian citric production, considered today the biggest of the world. The disease "Clorose Variegada dos Citros" (CVC), is the main disease that unchained such changes. Transmitted by a kind of insect vector, it demanded that the seedling production was made in a greenhouse atmosphere to avoid contamination, which before this, on outdoors used to proliferate a lot. As most part of the seedling production was made by producers with limited technical knowledge, the new system demanded lots of changes in the production system, adoption of new techniques of production, new handlings and high investments to build greenhouses. Even having rules to be followed, each producer adapted in its own way to the new production system, not committing to the quality. This essay analyzed influences of those changes on the producer, through questionnaires and the answers were Tabbed and compared to the Seedling Production Directions. It was concluded in this work that the main objectives of directions were attained with a higher control on the seedling diseases and knowledge on the origin of the genetic material. The initial concern about the producers difficulty in adapting to the new directions, did not come true, once there was a high comphance to the changes by the producers.<br>Mestre
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Ribeiro, Reginaldo Nunes 1969. "Comparação dos sistemas de fertirrigação e hidroponia na produção de mudas de Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99791.
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Orientador: Iraê Amaral Guerrini<br>Coorientador: Agnaldo Scarassati<br>Banca: Clarice Backes<br>Banca: Edivaldo Casarini<br>Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar os sistema hidropônico e o de fertirrigação no desenvolvimento de mudas da espécie florestal nativa jequitibábranco (Cariniana estrellensis). O experimento foi conduzido no Viveiro da Fazenda Experimental Cantareira, pertencente à Faculdade Integral Cantareira (FIC), no município de Mairiporã - SP - setor de Pesquisa Florestal. Foi estudado o desenvolvimento da Cariniana estrellensis sob dois sistemas de produção: fertirrigação e hidropônico. Os sistemas tiveram quatro parcelas com 25 plantas cada, totalizando 100 plantas por sistema. Para avaliação morfológica não destrutiva realizada a cada 14 dias, considerou-se a altura da planta e o diâmetro do colo das 100 plantas de cada sistema, totalizando 200 plantas e, ao término do experimento, para avaliação morfológica destrutiva, foram consideradas como plantas úteis as 9 centrais, totalizando 36 plantas úteis de cada sistema. A qualidade das mudas produzidas no sistema hidropônico foi superior àquelas do sistema de fertirrigação para os seguintes parâmetros e relações: diâmetro do coleto (D), altura da parte aérea (H), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MST), área foliar (AF), relação altura e diâmetro (H/D), altura e massa seca da parte aérea (H/MSPA), massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular (MSPA/MSR), e o Índice de Qualidade Dickman (IQD). Em função dos resultados obtidos, pode-se inferir que para Cariniana estrellensis o sistema hidropônico proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento, reduzindo o período de produção das mudas<br>Abstract: This study aimed to compare hydroponics and fertigation systems on seedlings production of native species (jequitibá-branco, Cariniana estrellensis). The experiment was conducted at Cantareira Experimental Farm Nursery, owned by Integral Cantareira College (FIC) at the Forestry Research Sector of Mairiporã, SP. We studied the development of jequitibá branco under two production systems: drip irrigation and hydroponics. The systems presented four plots with 25 plants each, totaling 100 plants per system. It was considered for the non-destructive morphological evaluation the plant height and stem diameter of 100 plants per system, totaling 200 plants. This procedure was conducted every 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the morphological destructive assessment was performed on the central 9 plants, with a total of 36 useful plants per system. The quality of seedlings produced in the hydroponic system was superior to the fertigation system for the following parameters and relations: the collar diameter (D), shoot height (H), shoot dry mass (MSPA), total dry mass (MST), leaf area (LA), height and diameter ratio (H/D), dry mass of shoot and root system (MSPA/MSR), and Dickman Quality Index (IQD). Based on the results, we can infer that the hydroponic system enhanced Cariniana estrellensis, growth reducing the period of seedlings production<br>Mestre
Books on the topic "Seedling. eng"
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Peterson, Michael James. Sanitation of styroblocks to control algae and seedling root rot fungi. Forestry Canada, 1990.
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Grossnickle, S. C. A stock quality assessment procedure for characterizing nursery- grown seedlings. Forestry Canada, 1988.
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O'Reilly, Conor J. Bud and shoot development in different seedling types of western hemlock during nursery growth. Forestry Canada, 1989.
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Menes, Peter A. Comparative performance of bareroot and container-grown seedlings: An annotated bibliography. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1996.
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Peterson, Michael James. Grey mould control by seedling canopy humidity reduction through under-bench ventiliation and styroblock aeration. Forestry Canada, 1989.
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Peterson, Michael James. Grey mould control on container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings: Timing of fungicide application related to greenhouse environment. Forestry Canada, 1988.
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Draper, D. A. Germination and fertilization regime effects on the growth of container white spruce seedlings at Red Rock Research Station. Forestry Canada, 1989.
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Hunt, Gary A. Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on quality of nursery stock and plantation performance in the southern interior of British Columbia. Forestry Canada, 1992.
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Hunt, Gary A. Effect of misting on water loss, growth, and mycorrhizae in Engelmann spruce and Douglas-fir. Forestry Canada, 1990.
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Test No. 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test. OECD, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264070066-en.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Seedling. eng"
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Maun, M. Anwar. "Seed germination and seedling establishment." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0010.
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For the transformation of a seed to a seedling complex physical and biochemical changes occur within a seed before germination can proceed. Germination is controlled by diverse seed dormancy mechanisms in plant species that delays germination until the conditions are most favourable for seed germination and seedling establishment (Thompson 1970). Baskin and Baskin (1998) identified four benefits for the evolution of seed dormancy in plants: (i) persistence in risky environments as seed banks, (ii) decreased intraspecific competition, (iii) improved chances of seedling establishment and (iv) increased fitness (seed production) of the individual and the species as a whole. They showed that seed dormancy may be caused by any one of physiological, morphological, physical, chemical and mechanical constraints or by a combination of more than one of these factors. For instance, seeds may possess an embryo with a physiological inhibiting mechanism, immature embryo, impermeable seed coat or may contain chemical inhibitors and hard woody fruit walls. In all of these cases seed dormancy is eventually broken by one or more of the following treatments: after ripening, heat treatment, cold temperature stratification, prolonged exposure to high temperatures, exposure to light, softening of seed coat by microbes or physical scarification, leaching of inhibiting chemicals, ageing of seeds and other subtle changes in the habitat. In temperate North America with snow cover during winter months the seeds of a large majority of sand dune species—Cakile edentula, Ammophila breviligulata, Calamovilfa longifolia, Iva imbricata, Croton punctatus, Uniola paniculata—and others require cold stratification at <4°C for 4–6 weeks to break their dormancy requirements. Seeds of some species such as A. breviligulata and U. paniculata that require cold stratification at the northern end of their range lose this requirement in the south (Seneca 1972). At southern locations exposure to high temperatures may be required to fulfil the dormancy requirements. Winter annuals, Vulpia ciliata, Cerastium atrovirens, Mibora minima and Saxifraga tridactylites, that grow and mature their seeds in early summer on sand dunes at Aberffraw, North Wales, require exposure to high soil temperatures to overcome a state of dormancy in a certain proportion of seeds at the time of dispersal (Carey and Watkinson 1993; Pemadasa and Lovell 1975).
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Sisk, Cheryl L., and Russell D. Romeo. "Remodeling the Adolescent Brain." In Coming of Age. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195314373.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 covers the basic neural mechanisms by which the brain undergoes an extreme makeover during adolescence. It starts with the proposition that the nervous system has only so many tools in the toolbox to accomplish this makeover and these tools can be categorized as either progressive or regressive. Progressive tools include neurogenesis, migration, axon outgrowth, and synapse formation. Regressive tools include programmed cell death and experience-dependent synapse elimination. Two analogies are used to help readers understand this process: house remodeling and gardening. These analogies are woven into the concepts of progressive and regressive developmental events, and they can be imagined as mechanisms that result in either gain or loss of function (e.g., a house addition might equal new neurons or new projections) or maximize efficiency and success (pruning of seedlings might equal programmed cell death). Research on increased myelination during adolescence is also discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Seedling. eng"
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Tyutyunnikova, E. M., M. A. Sanin, and T. V. Plotnikova. "THE EFFECT OF BIOREGULATOR REGOPLANT ON TOBACCO PRODUCTIVITY DURING THE SEEDING AND FIELD PERIODS." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-249-254.
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We studied the effect of the growth regulator Regoplant on the mass of seedlings, the quality of seedlings and the productivity of tobacco. Soaking tobacco seeds before sowing in a 0.0001 % solution of the preparation at an exposure of 6 hours, and then spraying the plants at the stage of “auricles” and “seedling ready for planting” with a working solution of an agrochemical with a 0.00001 % concentration significantly improved the quality of seedlings. This technique increases the length of tobacco seedlings to the apical point by 66 %, to the end of elongated leaves by 29 %, the mass of stems by 53 %, the mass of roots by 32 %, the diameter of the stem by 38 %. After planting the plants in the field, developed under the influence of the Regoplant stimulator, we noted an increase in productivity by 16 % and an improvement in the quality of raw materials due to an increase in carbohydrates and a decrease in proteins. The economic effect against the background of the application of Regoplant preparation amounted to 106 thousand rubles.
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"Design and optimization of end-effector for automatic plug seedling transplanter in greenhouses." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152183784.
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Salverson, Lynsey A. M., Nader Saniei, Mel Mendelson, and Michelle Lum. "An Engineering Approach Investigating the Uptake and Phytotoxicity of One Type of Engineered Nanoparticle (CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots) by Solanum Lycopersicum." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14032.
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The novel and extraordinary physiochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is certain, yet, at the same time, their unique characteristics raise growing concerns regarding potentially adverse effects on biological and ecological systems. It is becoming increasingly evident, that before the full potential of nanotechnology can be realized, standardized characterization of ENPs behavior, fate, and their effects in the ecosystem are essential, to ensure the safe manufacturing and use of ENP products. Otherwise, the promise of such extraordinary advancements may find itself limited to applications such as electronics, and sporting equipments, industries in which it currently resides. The current toxicity profile of engineered nanomaterials is not only preliminary, but highly variable amongst researchers. Emphasizing the great need to develop a highly organized, efficient, and precise approach to assess the hazardous potential ENPs may pose, and address the safety concerns surrounding and limiting nanotechnology. In response to such concerns, the present study took an engineering approach, in an otherwise traditionally viewed discipline, to assess the potential impact of engineered nanoparticles on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings, by implementing a full factorial design of experiment (FDOE) in an effort to identify what factors, and their interactions, have a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on root and shoot elongation, and if any observed effects are a result of particle uptake, evaluated via fluorescence microscopy imaging. Therefore, the goal of our study was to design and implement an efficient, effective, and precise method to assess the effect of one type of ENP, water-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, using Solanum lycopersicum as our model organism, one of 10 species recommended by the Unites States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for use in phytotoxicity studies, via a methodology we believe novel to nanotechnology. By implementing factorial experimental design methodologies, not only are we efficiently identifying the factors that affect phytotoxicity, we are providing, for the first time to our knowledge, the first scientific data to report the significant interaction effects between the factors responsible for ENP toxicity. Water soluble (MUA) CdSe/ZnS quantum dots used in our study had a negative influence on root and shoot lengths of tomato seeds exposed for 3 and 6 days. The observed influence depended on (MUA) CdSe/ZnS concentration and QD exposure time. The importance of the factor effects were examined via analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests, confidence intervals, and normal plot statistical analyses. The findings concluded that factors B, C, and the BC-interaction (CdSe/ZnS: Exposure time, concentration, and exposure time–concentration interaction) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings. Thus, factors A, AB, AC, and ABC (CdSe/ZnS QD: Size, size–concentration, size-exposure time, and size-concentration-exposure time interactions) were not found to have a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, and ultimately eliminated from our model. After analyzing the interaction plots, it became evident that low percentages of root reduction are obtained at low concentration levels for short lengths of time; thus, to obtain the least amount of phytotoxic effects one would set factors B (concentration) and C (exposure time) to their low levels, 125 mg/L for 3 days, respectively. Alternatively, high percentages of root reduction are obtained at high concentration levels for long lengths of time; thus, to obtain the greatest phytotoxic effect one would set factors B and C to their high levels, 1000 mg/L for 6 days, respectively. This indicates that as exposure time increases, root reduction increases; thus, phytotoxicity increases. Since our study attempted to realize which factors minimize phytotoxicity effects of one type of ENP, these findings suggest that to minimize phytotoxicity effects (i.e. maximize root length or minimize percent of root reduction) of (MUA) CdSe/ZnS QDs on tomato seeds, set factors B and C (QD concentration and exposure time) to their low levels; that is, expose tomato seeds to 125 mg/L of QD solution for a maximum of 3 days. These settings will yield the least amount of root reduction (5.15%) and; thus, phytotoxicity effects will be minimized. With regard to tomato roots ability to uptake MUA QDs, our results contribute to the literature by reporting uptake possible. Although we did see particles inside the root, it was sporadic and difficult to quantify. As to whether it was intracellular (within the cell) or intercellular (in the spaces between the cells, i.e., outside the cells) we could not conclude with certainty, although we suspect the QDs were intercellular. Thus, we highly recommend future experiments involving cross sections and more in-depth microscopy imaging. Additionally, although the results of our experiment failed to support that particle size (t = 2.13; d.f. = 1; p = 0.065) or the particle size-exposure time interaction (t = 2.17; d.f. = 1; p = 0.062) had a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, due to the small p-value associated with both test statistics, it is our belief that particle size and the particle size-exposure time interaction may, in fact, be a real effect; thus, further investigation is recommended.