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Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling formation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling formation"

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Herr, DG, LC Duchesne, R. Tellier, RS Mcalpine, and RL Peterson. "Effect of Prescribed Burning on the Ectomycorrhizal Infectivity of a Forest Soil." International Journal of Wildland Fire 4, no. 2 (1994): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9940095.

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Ectomycorrhizae formation, seedling health index, and seedling survival were assessed for two-year-old nursery-grown seedlings of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus two months after planting in clear-cuts that had received prescribed burning under different fire intensities. Controls consisted of seedlings planted in unburned clear-cuts. Fire intensity positively correlated with percent ectomycorrhizal roots for P. strobus but not for P. resinosa. Seedling health index and survival were highest in burned-over sites as compared to control sites for both pine species. Fire intensity correlated with seedling health index for P. strobus but not for P. resinosa. Fire intensity correlated with seedling survival for both species. Colonization of seedlings by ectomycorrhizal fungi did not correlate with seedling health index or seedling survival. P. resinosa seedlings planted in burned-over sites had a smaller number of lateral roots per unit length primary/secondary roots compared to seedlings planted in control plots.

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Amador, Talita Silveira, and Claudio José Barbedo. "Germination inhibits the growth of new roots and seedlings in Eugenia uniflora and Eugenia brasiliensis." Journal of Seed Science 37, no. 3 (2015): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v37n3150595.

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Abstract:Seeds of Eugenia species can produce new roots and whole plants even when much of its reserves is removed. However, new roots and seedlings rarely are formed spontaneously, and after cutting, each seed fragment usually produces only one new seedling, suggesting some control of the formation of several seedlings. It is possible, therefore, that germination leads to the production of inhibitory substances avoiding the development of new embryonic tissues. In the present work we have analyzed the potential of germinating seeds of Eugenia uniflora and Eugenia brasiliensisto inhibit new roots and seedling growth. Seeds were germinated after totally or partially fractionated. This last one was also totally fractionated after the development of a seedling, and the halves were also germinated. The results showed that the germination of the E. uniflora and E. brasiliensis seeds have inhibited the formation of new roots and seedlings.

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Andrade, Gisiane Camargo de, Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho, and Matheus Santin Padilha. "Seed reserves reduction rate and reserves mobilization to the seedling explain the vigour of maize seeds." Journal of Seed Science 41, no. 4 (2019): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n4227354.

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Abstract: Understanding how the seed reserve dynamics occurs during germination and seedling formation is determinant for advancements on seed technology. The aims of this study were: to verify which accelerated ageing temperature is the most effective to separate the vigour levels of maize seeds and to evaluate the reserves dynamics during germination and seedling formation process. Seven maize cultivars were submitted to the germination rate, accelerated ageing, thousand seed weight, total seedling length, shoot and root length, dry matter of seed and seedling, remaining dry matter in the endosperm, seed reserves reduction rate, conversion efficiency of reserves, reserves mobilization rate to the seedling and energy expenditure using the completely randomized statistical design. The reserves dynamics and seedling formation depends on the genotype and the initial seed vigour. Accelerated ageing at 45 °C for 72 hours is the most efficient combination to segregate vigour levels. Genotypes with higher seed reserve utilisation efficiency have higher vigour, producing seedlings with higher dry matter, higher total, shoot and root length, regardless of seed weight. The two rates evaluated prompt us to conclude that they explain the maize seed vigour and can be used in quality control programs to select high physiological quality cultivars.

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Azad, Md Salim, and Md Mehedi Hasan Sumon. "Species Specific Responses to Age on Nodule Formation, Seedling Growth, and Biomass Production of Acacia auriculiformis at Nursery Stage." Journal of Botany 2016 (August 16, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6960783.

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Nodulation responses of leguminous trees are very important for intercropping to reduce reliance on artificial nitrogen input through nitrogen fixation in agroforestry system. This study was carried out to evaluate the status of nodulation (i.e., the number of nodules and their shape and size) in root and biomass production of plant growth parameters (i.e., number of leaves, shoot height, root biomass, and shoot biomass) of A. auriculiformis seedlings. The assessment was conducted 60 days after seed germination. The study revealed significant differences in nodule number per seedling, leaf number per seedling, shoot height, and biomass accumulation (both green and oven dry weight) with seedling age (p<0.05). The study also revealed significant correlation among the variables of nodulation responses and biomass production. The results obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) justified correlation matrix of nodulation responses and biomass production of this species. The PCA showed that root biomass per seedling, leaf number per seedling, nodule number per seedling, shoot height, age of seedling, and shoot biomass per seedling were clustered with PC1 (with an eigenvalue of 5.59) and root shoot ratios were clustered with PC2 (with an eigenvalue of 1.82). Our study justified that shoot height may be an important determinant of nodule formation of A. auriculiformis.

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Gagnon, J., C. G. Langlois, D. Bouchard, and F. Le Tacon. "Growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with Laccariabicolor under four levels of nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 12 (1995): 1953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-210.

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Container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with a Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton mycelial suspension produced in a fermentor. They were grown in a peat moss–vermiculite substrate under four levels of N fertilization (7.2, 14.4, 21.6, and 28.7 mg/seedling per season (N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively)) to determine the N level suitable for both ectomycorrhizal development and seedling growth. After 18 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had 44%, 32%, 44%, and 5% of their short roots mycorrhizal when fertilized with N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively. Only when they were fertilized with N4 did the L. bicolor seedlings have significantly greater shoot height than the controls. For the other growth parameters, they were not significantly different from control seedlings for any of the N levels. After 18 weeks, regardless of the level of N, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had significantly lower N concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than the uninoculated ones. Consequently, for the same production of biomass, the mycorrhizal seedlings had taken up less N than the nonmycorrhizal ones. The efficiency of applied N, expressed in terms of produced biomass, decreased when the N fertilization increased; mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings did not tend to be different. The efficiency of the absorbed N also decreased with the level of applied N, but less rapidly, and tended to be greater for the mycorrhizal seedlings than for the nonmycorrhizal ones. Therefore, the mycorrhizal infection improved the utilization of the absorbed N. N3 was the best of the four N levels used, since it was the only one that maximized both the ectomycorrhizal formation and the growth of the seedlings. In other words, a total seedling N concentration of 1.6% and a substrate fertility of 52 ppm N are appropriate to optimize both the ectomycorrhizal development and the growth of Douglas-fir seedlings.

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Torres-Ruiz, R. A., and G. Jurgens. "Mutations in the FASS gene uncouple pattern formation and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis development." Development 120, no. 10 (1994): 2967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.10.2967.

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The pattern of cell division is very regular in Arabidopsis embryogenesis, enabling seedling structures to be traced back to groups of cells in the early embryo. Recessive mutations in the FASS gene alter the pattern of cell division from the zygote, without interfering with embryonic pattern formation: although no primordia of seedling structures can be recognised by morphological criteria at the early-heart stage, all elements of the body pattern are differentiated in the seedling. fass seedlings are strongly compressed in the apical-basal axis and enlarged circumferentially, notably in the hypocotyl. Depending on the width of the hypocotyl, fass seedlings may have up to three supernumerary cotyledons. fass mutants can develop into tiny adult plants with all parts, including floral organs, strongly compressed in their longitudinal axis. At the cellular level, fass mutations affect cell elongation and orientation of cell walls but do not interfere with cell polarity as evidenced by the unequal division of the zygote. The results suggest that the FASS gene is required for morphogenesis, i.e., oriented cell divisions and position-dependent cell shape changes generating body shape, but not for cell polarity which seems essential for pattern formation.

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Salles, Josiane S., Alexandre H. F. de Lima, Edilson Costa, et al. "Substrates and Protected Environments in the Formation of Mouriri elliptica Mart Seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 6 (2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n6p281.

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The successful establishment of a forest restoration program depends of the seedling quality, and the choice of substrate and growing environment plays a significant role in the production of high-quality seedlings. A study was conducted to evaluate the production of croada seedlings (Mouriri elliptica Mart.) grown in thirteen substrate combinations and subjected to two production nurseries constructed with black shading screen (Sombrite&reg;) and aluminized thermal-reflective screen (Aluminet&reg;). The substrates were prepared from different proportions of bovine manure, soil, vermiculite, and sand. In each protected environment, the thirteen different substrate compositions were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates of the five seedlings each. Because there was no replication of the cultivation environments, the joint analysis was carried out, allowing the comparison of the environments in the factorial scheme 2 &times; 13 (two environments &times; thirteen substrates). Growth and quality of seedlings were measured at 188 days. Seedling production environment has no effect on the germination and emergence process of the seedlings, but the growth and quality of the seedlings can be improved when grown in the nursery with black shading screen. Substrates containing low proportion of bovine manure (from 10 to 30%) and high proportion of vermiculite (from 30 to 40%) resulted in high-quality croada seedlings.

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Schroeder, Kenneth R., and Dennis P. Stimart. "Adventitious Shoot Formation on Excised Hypocotyls of Antirrhinum majus L. (Snapdragon) In Vitro." HortScience 34, no. 4 (1999): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.4.736.

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Hypocotyls from Antirrhinum majus L. were excised at 2 weeks of age from seedlings grown under a 16-hour photoperiod or continuous darkness. Explants were cultured on modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 0.44, 2.22, 4.44, 8.88, or 44.4 μm BA to investigate adventitious shoot formation. Excised hypocotyls from eight commercial cultivars, three inbred lines, and an F1 hybrid between two of the inbreds were cultured on MS medium containing 2.22 μm BA to assess genotypic effects on adventitious shoot formation. The influence of seedling age was assessed by excising hypocotyls from seedlings at 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30 days. Optimal conditions for adventitious shoot formation on excised hypocotyls included: seedling growth in a lighted environment, use of hypocotyls from 10-day-old seedlings, and culture on medium containing 2.22 μm BA for 3 weeks. Under these conditions, up to a 5-fold improvement in number of shoots per hypocotyl over previous studies was achieved. Adventitious shoot formation was genotype-dependent and appeared to be a dominant trait. Chemical name used: N6-benzyladenine (BA).

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Oster, U., and I. Blos. "The Greening Process in Cress Seedlings. III. Age-Dependent Changes in the Capacity of the Tetrapyrrole Pathway." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 11-12 (1991): 1052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-11-1220.

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Accumulation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) was determined after incubation of etiolated seedlings of garden cress (Lcpidium sativum L.) with exogenous 5-aminolevulinate for 24 h. Young seedlings (start of incubation 0-12 h after imbibition) accumulated only moderate amounts (<0.2 nmol per seedling) of Pchlide. Maximum capacity of Pchlide accumulation (ca. 14 nmol per seedling) was reached at 30-36 h after imbibition. At 60-72 h after imbibition, the capacity of Pchlide formation from exogenous ALA was only 0.2-0.3 nmol per seedling. Uptake of ALA via roots was high in young and old seedlings. The carotenoid content and pattern did not change by ALA incubation. Precursors of Pchlide were also accumulated by ALA treatment. Predominant products were protoporphyrin and magnesium protoporphyrin (MgP) in 30 h old seedlings but magnesium protoporphyrin monomethylester (MgPMe) in 72 h old seedlings. The previously described interaction of Pchlide precursors with cab gene expression cannot be correlated with a single porphyrin. A possible correlation with the ratio MgPMe: MgP is discussed.

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VAN DER MEER, PETER J., FRANK J. STERCK, and FRANS BONGERS. "Tree seedling performance in canopy gaps in a tropical rain forest at Nouragues, French Guiana." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 2 (1998): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646749800011x.

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The effect of natural canopy gaps on the performance of naturally occurring tree seedling populations was studied in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. This was done at two levels of scale. Firstly, on a 20 m × 250 m forest transect intersecting four canopy gaps, it was investigated how patterns of recruitment, growth and survival of seedlings of Cecropia obtusa, Dicorynia guianensis and Pourouma bicolor differed between canopy gaps and closed forest. Secondly, for one large natural canopy gap, performance of seedling cohorts established before (‘pre-gap’ cohorts) and after (‘post-gap’ cohorts) gap formation was studied in relation to environmental heterogeneity. The direct site factor (DSF) was used as an indicator of light availability in the gap zone. Cecropia specialised in large gaps, and also in specific sites within the large gap: seedling performance was increased by light, and by dead wood. Pourouma mainly germinated under closed forest conditions, where it can survive for a long period until a canopy gap is formed nearby. Pourouma seedlings adjusted well to the new gap environment but they did not specialise in specific places within the gap. Seedling location of Pourouma seedlings was mainly determined by accidental positioning before gap formation. Dicorynia was able to germinate both in gaps and under closed forest conditions. Although the number of gaps studied in this study was low, the results show that seedling establishment, early growth and survival of the three tree species were affected by canopy gaps and by the environmental heterogeneity within a large gap.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling formation"

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Self, Guy K. "Studies of xylopodium formation and early seedling growth in Kielmeyera coriacea Mart." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14374.

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Nciizah, Adornis Dakarai. "Aggregate stability, crust formation, steady state infiltration and mode of seedling emergence in soils with various texture and mineralogy." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015539.

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The general objective of this study was to quantify the interactive effects of soil texture and mineralogy on soil crusting, infiltration and erosion and the subsequent effects on maize seedling emergence and early development using soils collected from 14 ecotopes in the Eastern Cape Province. The specific objectives were to determine; i) particulate organic matter, soil texture and mineralogy relations, ii) aggregate stability and breakdown mechanisms as affected by soil texture and organic matter, iii) crust formation and steady state infiltration, iv) rainfall pattern effects on crusting, infiltration and erodibility and v) rainfall intensity effects on crusting and mode of seedling emergence. Particulate organic matter (POM) was fractionated into litter POM, coarse POM and fine POM. Both total soil organic matter (SOM) and the POM in each fraction were determined using the weight loss on ignition procedure. Most ecotopes were either sandy loam or sandy clay loam and primary minerals especially quartz dominated the soil mineralogy. The clay content was significantly related to the total SOM (r = 0.78), hematite (r = 0.83) and quartz (r = -0.74). Aggregate stability was determined following methods described by Le Bissonnais (1996) i.e. fast wetting (FW), slow wetting (SW) and wet stirring (WSt). Aggregate breakdown followed the order; slaking < mechanical breakdown < micro-cracking for most ecotopes except Lujiko Leeufontein and Amatola Jozini where SW and WSt resulted in the least MWD respectively. Aggregate stability was significantly correlated to POM only for FW and SW and only positive but not significant for WSt. To study crust formation, aggregate sizes <2, 2 to 3, 3 to 5 mm were exposed to 60 mm hr-1 simulated rainfall. Sieving structural crusts, ~0.2 to ~0.8 mm thick with a surface layer of loose grains overlying a thin plasmic layer, formed in all ecotopes. Crusts with strengths between 0.25 and 3.42  10-4 kg m-2 developed on the <2 mm compared to <2.23  10-4 kg m-2 in the >2 mm aggregates. The reverse occurred in Alice Jozini, which had relatively low clay content of 120 g kg-1. Two significantly different groups of the SSIR were observed. The SSIR was between 1.24 and 3.60 mm hr-1 in the group of ecotopes dominated by primary minerals and relatively lower clay content. In the second group, consisting one ecotope dominated by kaolinite and relatively higher clay content, the SSIR was 15.23 mm hr-1. Rainfall pattern i.e. rainfall applied either as an eight minute single rainstorm (SR) or four-two minute intermittent rainstorms (IR) separated by a 48 h drying period significantly (p < 0.05) affected crust strength, SSIR and erosion. The IR resulted in higher crust strength and SSIR than SR. The effect of rainfall pattern on SSIR was mostly influenced by the primary minerals namely, quartz. Three maize seeds of equal size were planted in plastic pots, pre-wetted by capillary action and then subjected to simulated rainfall at three intensities for 5 min. Rainfall intensity (30, 45 and 60 mm h-1) significantly (P < 0.05) affected crust strength and mean emergence day (MED) but not emergence percentage (EMP) and shoot length (P > 0.05). The 60 mm h-1 rainfall intensity resulted in the highest crust strength and MED.

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Batista, Iza Maria Paiva. "Armazenamento de sementes e produção de mudas de cedro (Cedrela odorata L.)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2009. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3010.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-13T12:17:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Iza Maria Paiva Batista.pdf: 1987667 bytes, checksum: 9e9fe10f47a9c10716fcf20e658c7e6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-10<br>FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas<br>With the growing demand for information on species with potential for use in restoration of degraded ecosystems and other forestry programs, it is crucial to understand the behavior of seeds in terms of storage and performance of the species due to the conditions of the substrate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of stored seeds under different conditions to examine the growth of cedar seedlings in different combinations of correction and fertilization of the substrate. For this two experiments were conducted, one in the seed laboratory I and others in the seedling nursery of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas. Experiment I (storage of seeds), seeds were stored for 3 periods (3, 6 and 9 months) plus the control, and packed in 2 types of packaging (polyethylene and paper) and 2 types of environment (refrigerator and natural environment), arranged in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of 3x2x2 +1, distributed in 5 replications of 20 seeds. At the end of each period, we determined the percentage of seed germination and seedling normal. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability for the interaction effect became the disaggregation of data, and for the storage periods were adjusted equations. Experiment II (formation of seedlings), were tested 8 treatments: T1 (cattle), T2 (lime), T3 (corrective phosphate), T4 (NPK), T5 (Cal + FC), T6 (FC + NPK), T7 (Cal + NPK) and T8 (Cal + FC + NPK), arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications for a total of 32 plots, each plot with 3 plants. At 100 days after the inoculation were analyzed: shoot height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, dry matter of shoot, root and total, and the nutrient content in dry matter of shoots. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results indicated that seeds stored in the natural condition showed a drastic reduction in germination and normal seedling over the period of storage, while the condition of the refrigerator reduction was less intense. The type of packaging there was no effect, regardless of the type of storage environment. Regarding the formation of seedlings, cedar responded positively to the addition of manure, with the best values of nutrient content and vegetative growth. As for the other treatments, the effects were less important compared to cattle, however in terms of values to the isolated application of lime had the lowest results. Thus, we conclude that the condition was more efficient refrigerator to preserve the germination and vigor of trees, and for the formation of seedlings adding manure proves its efficiency in the supply of nutrients and plant growth.<br>Com a crescente demanda por informações sobre espécies com potencial para serem utilizadas na recomposição de ecossistemas degradados entre outros programas silviculturais, torna-se fundamental o conhecimento do comportamento das sementes quanto ao armazenamento e o desempenho da espécie frente às condições do substrato. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de sementes armazenadas sob diferentes condições e analisar o crescimento de mudas de cedro em diferentes combinações de correção e adubação do substrato. Para isso foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um no laboratório de sementes I e outro no viveiro de mudas, da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Experimento I (armazenamento de sementes), as sementes foram armazenadas por 3 períodos (3, 6 e 9 meses) mais a testemunha, sendo acondicionadas em 2 tipos de embalagens (polietileno e papel) e 2 tipos de ambiente (geladeira e ambiente natural), disposto em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 3x2x2+1, distribuídas em 5 repetições de 20 sementes. Ao termino de cada período, foram determinados a porcentagem de sementes germinadas e formação de plântulas normais. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, para efeito de interação fezse o desdobramento dos dados, e para os períodos de armazenamento foram ajustadas equações. Experimento II (formação de mudas), foram testados 8 tratamentos: T1 (esterco bovino), T2 (calagem), T3 (fosfatagem corretiva), T4 (NPK), T5 (Cal+FC), T6 (FC+NPK), T7 (Cal+NPK) e T8 (Cal+FC+NPK), disposto em delineamento inteiramente casualizados, com 4 repetições somando um total de 32 parcelas, cada parcela com 3 plantas. Aos 100 dias após a repicagem foram analisados: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro de colo, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total, e o conteúdo de nutrientes na matéria seca da parte aérea. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados indicaram que as sementes armazenadas na condição ambiente natural apresentaram uma redução drástica na germinação e na formação de plântulas normais ao longo dos períodos de armazenamento, enquanto a condição de geladeira a redução foi menos intensa. Quanto ao tipo de embalagem não foi constatado efeito, independente do tipo de ambiente de armazenamento. Em relação à formação de mudas, o cedro respondeu positivamente a adição do esterco bovino, apresentando os melhores valores de conteúdo de nutrientes e no crescimento vegetativo. Quanto aos demais tratamentos, os efeitos foram menos relevante comparado ao esterco bovino, entretanto em termos de valores a aplicação isolada da calagem apresentou os menores resultados. Dessa forma, os resultados permitem concluir que a condição geladeira foi mais eficiente para preservar a germinação e vigor das sementes de cedro, e para a formação de mudas a adição do esterco bovino comprova sua eficiência no fornecimento de nutrientes e no crescimento das plantas.

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Quoreshi, Ali M. "Nutritional preconditioning and ectomycorrhizal formation of Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. seedlings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/NQ49890.pdf.

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Waldenmaier, Hans Eugene. "Transcriptome analysis of vascular cavity formation in soybean cv. 'Yukihomare' seedlings in response to flooding." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1313012579.

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Chen, Ching-Hsiang, and 陳青祥. "Studies on the expression of methylglyoxal metabolizing enzymes and its relation to 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline formation in Rice seedling." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69481898801229578707.

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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>94<br>A popcorn-like flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) has been reported as a potent flavor component of an aromatic rice, taro, soybean and pandan leaves. We hypothesized that 2-AP is synthesized from methylglyoxal (MG) and △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). The 2-AP synthesis related genes including aldose reductase (AR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glyoxalase I (GLYI), glyoxalase II (GLY II) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BAD) from aromatic rice (Tainung 71(TNG 71,Yihchaun Aromatic Rice) and Tainung 72(TNG72)) and non-aromatic rice Tainung 67 (TNG 67) were cloned by PCR. The mRNA level of aroma and non-aroma rice were monitored and compared by RT-PCR. The results showed that no significant variation in gene expression of GST、GLYI、 II 、BAD were found. However, the lowest mRNA expression for AR was observed in TNG 72 compared with that of TNG 67and TNG 71. In parallel to that of gene expression , AR activity was found to be following the order of TNG 67＞TNG 71＞TNG 72.Levers of MG in all three rice varieties were quantified and found in the order of TNG 72＞TNG 71＞TNG 67. The lower expression and enzyme activity for AR in TNG 72 may be responsible for the accumulation of MG. In addition to MG, the P5C levels of all three varieties were determined as well. The results showed TNG 72＞TNG 71＞TNG 67. The 2-AP concentration were determined to be in order of TNG 72＞TNG 71＞TNG 67. The results showed that the higher P5C and MG levels may be responsible for the biosynthesis of 2-AP in TNG 72.

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Ling, Fang-Ru, and 林芳如. "Influences of Different Fungal Madia on the Formation of Ectomycorrhizae with Eucalyptus Seedlings." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04496084928555833347.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>森林學研究所<br>90<br>The purpose of this study was to test the influences of different ectomycorrhizal fungus madia on the formation of mycorrhizae with Eucalyptus seedlings. Seedlings of Eucalyptus camalduensis Dehnh. and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden × E. urophylla S. T. Blake were inoculated with three types of mycelium inoculum, viz. （1）hydrogel bead, （2）hydrogel mycelia suspension and （3）peat-vermiculite carrier. Three ectomycorrhizal fungi, viz. Pisolithus tinctorius（Pers.）Coker & Couch, Laccaria laccata (Scop. Ex Fr.) Berk & Br. and Hebeloma westraliense Boug., Tomm. & Mal. were used. After 7 days, 14 days, and 1 month, mycorrhizal percentage of seedlings was measured. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that peat-vermiculite carrier was the most efficient in forming mycorrhizae than others, and the percentage of mycorrhizae formed was 15% on E. camalduensis and 20% on E. grandis × urophylla respectively, while hydrogel bead was only 5%, and hydrogel mycelia suspension was less than 1%. The percentage of mycorrhizae formed with three ectomycorrhizal fungi by the same fungus material on two eucalyptus didn’t show the significantly difference, respectively. The result of this study showed that peat-vermiculite carrier should be suggested as an inoculum for E. camalduensis and E. grandis × urophylla seedlings, instead of hydrogel bead and hydrogel mycelia suspension.

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Chen, Mei-Kuei, and 陳梅桂. "Effects of soil properties and genotypes of paddy rice on iron plaque formation and As uptake by rice seedlings." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08393915205395953510.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業化學研究所<br>100<br>The As availability can be influenced by soil properties. Futhermore, effects of As uptake by rice is dependent on rice genotypes. In recent years, the effects of formation of iron plaque on As uptake by rice have been studied. But the interactions among of soil properties, rice genotypes, and iron plaque are not clear. In this study, four different rice genotypes (Joponica: KS145 and TC192; Indica: TCSY837 and TCN1) grown in three As-contaminated Guandu soils containing different levels of As and three soils spiked with various levels of As(V) were investigated. The objective is to clarify the effects of soil properties and genotytes of paddy rice on iron plaque formation and As uptake by rice seedlings. The soils were incubated at a water-soil ratio of 1:1 for 50 days. The Fe and As concentrations of soil solutions were determined. The results showed that soils with low pH values and high contents of free iron and aluminum oxides had high affinity for As and P, resulting in low the As and P availability during incubation period. The soils which have high pH, low clay and iron and aluminum oxides content (i.e. Chengchung and Taikang soils) were found to have low affinity for As and thus resulting in high concentration of As in soil solutions during the flooding incubation period. The results of sequential extraction procedure (SEP) also showed that the major fraction of As in Chengchung and Taikang soils was the form of non-speciﬁcally sorbed As which is regard to be easily uptaken by rice seedlings. The Guandu soils had high contents of iron and aluminum oxides and organic matter, thus the As was released into the soil solutions due to Fe or Al oxides reduction and dissolution. The effects of soil properties on iron plaque formation were more important than that of rice genotypes. The iron plaque formation was higher in Guandu soil than in the three As(V)-spiked soils. The main factors of controlling iron plaque formation were the contents of iron oxides and organic matter. Iron plaque formation capability of Japonica rice was much higher than that of Indica rice. The TC192 formed the highest amount of iron plaque in the four rice genotypes, and TCSY837 formed the least. Iron plaque formed on rice roots seqestrated As and reduced As content in rice seedlings. However, it was incapable of blocking off As uptake by rice plants at high As concentrations in soil solution, particularly in alkaline soils. The concentration of As in Japonica rice was lower than in Indican rice. TCN1 accumulated the highest concentration of As in the four rice genotypes. Generally, TC192 of Japonica rice had low As uptake in rice plant and hence could be grown on As contaminated soils in order to reduce the risk of As entering the food chain.

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9

Borchers, Susan L. "Growth and mycorrhiza formation of Douglas-fir seedlings grown in soils collected at different distances from hardwoods pioneering southwest-Oregon clearcuts /." 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13279.

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Books on the topic "Seedling formation"

1

Marx, Donald H. Formation of Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on loblolly pine seedlings with spore pellet inoculum applied at different times. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Quoreshi, Ali M. Nutritional preconditioning and ectomycorrizal formation of Picea Mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. seedlings. 2000.

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Ecological impacts of using chloropicrin to control laminated root rot in northwest conifer forests: Growth and mycorrhiza formation of planted douglas-fir seedlings after two growing seasons. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1993.

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Borchers, Susan L. Growth and mycorrhiza formation of Douglas-fir seedlings grown in soils collected at different distances from hardwoods pioneering southwest-Oregon clearcuts. 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seedling formation"

1

Kumar, Kanchan, Gaurav Pal, Anand Verma, and Satish Kumar Verma. "Role of Rhizospheric Bacteria in Disease Suppression During Seedling Formation in Millet." In Plant, Soil and Microbes in Tropical Ecosystems. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3364-5_12.

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McComb, J. A., E. Steel, D. T. Bell, et al. "Root Growth of Seedlings and Tissue Cultured Plants of Eucalyptus." In Biology of Root Formation and Development. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5403-5_50.

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Suhardi. "Treatment to Develop Mycorrhiza Formation on Dipterocarp Seedlings." In Rainforest Ecosystems of East Kalimantan. Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67911-0_21.

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Atzmon, Nir, Oded Reuveni, and Joseph Riov. "Role of the Root Apex in Lateral Root Development in Pine Seedlings." In Biology of Root Formation and Development. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5403-5_6.

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Muñoz, G., R. Pring, E. Couve, and P. Barlow. "Morphological and Molecular Responses of Prosopis alba Root Seedlings Induced by Saline Conditions." In Biology of Root Formation and Development. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5403-5_52.

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Glick, Bernard R., Sibdas Ghosh, Changping Liu, and Erwin B. Dumbroff. "Effects of a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (Pseudomonas putida GR12-2) on the Early Growth of Canola Seedlings." In Biology of Root Formation and Development. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5403-5_49.

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Ivanov, V. B., E. I. Bystrova, J. G. Dubrovsk, and M. E. Ploshinskayal. "Duration of lateral root formation in maize seedlings as affected by diverse factors." In Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, Grasslands and Forest Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5270-9_67.

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Takahashi, Hidenori. "How Do Lettuce Seedlings Adapt to Low-pH Stress Conditions? A Mechanism for Low-pH-Induced Root Hair Formation in Lettuce Seedlings." In Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25829-9_6.

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Volkaert, H. "Influence of Explant Source on in Vitro Axillary Shoot Formation in Oak (Quercus robur L.) Seedlings." In Plant Aging. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5760-5_45.

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Koike, Takayoshi, Takeshi Izuta, Thomas T. Lei, Mitsutoshi Kitao, and Shu’ichi Asanuma. "Effects of high CO2 on nodule formation in roots of Japanese mountain alder seedlings grown under two nutrient levels." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_285.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seedling formation"

1

Du, Yikang, Guohua Gao, Yunsong Du, and Qun Liu. "Research on Automation Equipment of Seedling Block Formation." In 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management,Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imcec.2018.8469661.

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ORESCA, D., F. T. C. BEZERRA, F. F. OLIVEIRA, L. F. CAVALCANTE, A. R. SILVA, and A. R. SILVA. "INTERACTION SALINITY, BIOFERTILIZER AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION IN YELLOW PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS FORMATION." In IV Inovagri International Meeting. INOVAGRI/ESALQ-USP/ABID/UFRB/INCT-EI/INCTSal/INSTITUTO FUTURE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7127/iv-inovagri-meeting-2017-res3540634.

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Beletskaia, Ekaterina Iakovlevna, Svetlana Petrovna Chibis, Liudmila Anatolevna Krotova, and Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shelontsev. "The study of chemical compounds influence on morphological and population traits of soft wheat." In All-Russian scientific conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-32850.

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The paper deals with the use of chemical compounds in soft wheat breeding, the role of induced mutations in plant improvement. The paper presents the effects of fungicides influence on morpho-logical and population traits of soft wheat. Laboratory experiments revealed the effects of disinfect-ants, the concentrations of their active components and the period from treatment to the formation sprouts of soft spring wheat Pavlogradka. The effect of systemic fungicides Comfort, AltSil, Ter-rasil and Alcasar was studied whet applied at recommended dose and greater than twice the normal values. They were compared with control samples without treatment. The sowing qualities of treated seeds were unstable, morphological and population traits of wheat seedlings were not homogeneous.

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DAUTARTĖ, Anželika, Vidmantas SPRUOGIS, Romualdas ZEMECKIS, Edmundas BARTKEVIČIUS, and Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS. "THE INFLUENCE OF BIOORGANIC PREPARATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CONVENTIONALY GROWN WINTER RAPE ACTIVATING AND SAVING THE USE OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.051.

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The aim was to determine the impact of Raskila bio-organic preparation on the productivity of winter rape ‘Sunday’ grown under conventional system, in order to activate and save the use of treatment Rovral aqua flo and to improve the wintering of plants. The scientific article presents the data of the conventional winter rape ‘Sunday’ growth intensity, plant formation, accumulation of dry matter, seed quality parameters, fertility data and the influence of the use of bioorganic fertilizers e. winter rape 'Sunday' seeds were coated with bioorganic preparations and synthetic treatments, and additionally sprayed with a bioorganic fertilizer solution. Agrotechnics was carried out according to the technology of winter rape growing at Aleksandras Stulginskis University Experimental station. Additional treatment of winter rape seeds and additional spraying with bioorganic fertilizers had a positive influence on the processes of growth and development of winter rape. By combining seed treatments and treatment with bio-organic Raskila fertilizers (3 l for 100 kg) and spray in autumn (3 l ha-1 ), the best results are achieved: the maximum rape seed yield was 3.87 t ha-1 and the best quality production. Bioorganic fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo has significantly increased the following indicators of winter rape ‘Sunday’: the length of the plant (118.16-127.64 cm), the number of branches (6-10), seeds in the silique (28.27), the seed yield (3.16-3.87 t ha-1). The highest seed yield (3.87 l ha-1) was achieved, applying Nagro preparations in the autumn and the Rovral aqua flo treatment and spraying Raskila plants when the rape reaches a height of 5-7 cm (BBCH 10-19). Premium yield was 86.6 % compared to control. Raskila fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo significantly increased the following parameters of winter rape seeds: content of fat (41.52-43.05 %), proteins (20.39-20.91%), glucosinolates decreased from 18.68 to 18.31 m mol g-1. This has improved seed quality. Treatment with Raskila and treatment Rovral aqua flo decreased seeds and seedlings infestation and morbidity due to Fusarium, Drechlera, Alternaria, Penicillium. Rates of treatment can be reduced if combined with bioorganic fertilizers. Application of bioorganic fertilizers and treatment in combination increases the effectiveness of treatment. Bio-organic fertilizer reduces plant stress caused by synthetic treatment.

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Reports on the topic "Seedling formation"

1

Castellano, Michael A., Donaraye McKay, and Walter G. Thles. Ecological impacts of using chloropicrin to control laminated root rot in Northwest conifer forests: growth and mycorrhiza formation of planted Douglas-fir seedlings after two growing seasons. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-464.

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.

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