Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seedling growth

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling growth'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling growth"

1

Thompson, T. E., and L. J. Grauke. "Pecan Tree Growth and Precocity." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 1 (2003): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.1.0063.

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Precocity of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] seedlings (year of first fruit production) was studied in relation to original seed measurements (nut weight, buoyancy, volume, and density) and in relation to growth index (GI) measurements of seedling trees for 4 years. A total of 2,071 pecan seedlings, representing nine controlled-cross families, were studied. Original seed measurements were not related to precocity of resultant seedling trees; but seed weight, buoyancy, and volume were significantly correlated with seedling growth rates. Nut density was negatively related to growth of seedlings. These relationships show the importance of original seed measurements and seed parentage in determining seedling growth, and have direct relevance in pecan nursery operations to increase general rootstock seedling vigor. Seedling growth rate was significantly correlated to precocity levels, with measurements taken in the later years of the study showing the highest correlations with precocity. This strong growth-precocity relationship may have negative genetic implications since a common breeding objective is to produce more precocious cultivars that maintain smaller tree size in mature orchards.
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Thompson, T. E., and L. J. Grauke. "Pecan Tree Growth and Precocity." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 1 (2003): 63–66. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.1.63.

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Precocity of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] seedlings (year of first fruit production) was studied in relation to original seed measurements (nut weight, buoyancy, volume, and density) and in relation to growth index (GI) measurements of seedling trees for 4 years. A total of 2,071 pecan seedlings, representing nine controlled-cross families, were studied. Original seed measurements were not related to precocity of resultant seedling trees; but seed weight, buoyancy, and volume were significantly correlated with seedling growth rates. Nut density was negatively related to growth of seedlings. These relationships show the importance of original seed measurements and seed parentage in determining seedling growth, and have direct relevance in pecan nursery operations to increase general rootstock seedling vigor. Seedling growth rate was significantly correlated to precocity levels, with measurements taken in the later years of the study showing the highest correlations with precocity. This strong growth-precocity relationship may have negative genetic implications since a common breeding objective is to produce more precocious cultivars that maintain smaller tree size in mature orchards.
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Ekamawanti, Hanna Artuti, Lenawati Simanjuntak, and Abdurrani Muin. "Assessment of the Physical Quality of Eucalyptus pellita Seedlings from Shoot Cutting by Age Level." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 2 (2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl29280-290.

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The criteria for target seedling of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell are at least 90days old, with consequences for the length of stay of the seedlings in the nursery. This study must assess the suitability as a target seedling first if it wants to plant the seedlings under 90days old in the field. The research aimed to evaluate and obtain the regression equation for the seedling’s age with the seedling’s morphological characters. The shoot seedlings cuttings aged 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after planting in the cocopeat growing medium were assessed. The study was used a survey method with a purposive sampling technique to obtain 60 samples by assessing the growth and appearances of the seedling. Furthermore, 15 samples were taken at random to determine the dry weight of the seedlings. Seedlings aged 75 and 90 days indicated the standard criteria as target seedlings for height, diameter, number of leaves, seedling’s health, shoot appearances, and seedling roots. The two seedlings’age levels have a sturdiness index of 8.34-9.78; shoot-root ratio 3.9-4.5; and seedling quality index (SQI) 0.22-0.23. Seedling age had a powerful positive correlation with the sturdiness index and SQI (r = 0.84 and r = 0.96). The regression equation of the sturdiness index is y = 0.048x + 5.435 (R2 = 0.996) and SQI is y = 0.004x - 0.064 (R2 = 0.926). This research implies that 75 and 90-days seedlings can be considered as one of the criteria for the age of E. pellita shoot cuttings as the target seedling in the SOP of PT. Finnantara Intiga.Keywords: cocopeat, Eucalyptus pellita, Seedling Quality index, shoot cuttings, target seedling
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Kurdi, Rozheen H. Shabaan, and Sulaiman M. Kako Al-zebari. "Effect of Growth Regulators on Seedlings Growth of Apricot (prunus Armeniaca L.)." Journal of duhok university 25, no. 2 (2022): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2022.25.2.15.

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This study was conducted during the growing season of 2021 and 2022 in horticulture station located at Akre city center Duhok Iraqi Kurdistan region, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of growth regulators on seedling growth of apricot and determined the best concentration of Gibberellin, Benzyl adenine and Kinetin to improve vegetative growth of seedling of apricot . so it consisted of three concentration of GA3 (0, 250 and 500 mg.L-1), BA (0,150 and 300 mg.L-1), KIN (0,150 and 300 mg.L-1) on some vegetative growth characteristics of apricot seedlings (Prunus armeniaca L.).The best results include the following. apricot seedlings sprayed with different concentrations of GA3 significantly affected and gave the seedling height, number of leaves, dry weight, single leaf area and total chlorophyll. Also, seedling sprayed with different BA concentration effected significantly and gave the highest seedling diameter, number of leaves, single leaf area, and dry weight. Whereas seedling spray with different KIN concentrations significantly affected on seedling diameter and total chlorophyll. Generally, interaction between GA3 and KIN and interaction between GA3 and BA and the interaction between BA and KIN was effected significantly on most growth parameters. The best result was in the treatment (GA3 500 mg.L-1 + BA 300 mg.L-1 + KIN 150 mg.L-1) which significantly affected on all growth parameters (seedling height, seedling diameter, single leaf area, total chlorophyll, number of leaves and dry weight)
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Lin, Jiaqi, Dongling Li, Zhenghui Pan, Dou Feng, and Weiyan Xuan. "Effect of the Floating Seedling Technique on Banana Seedling Growth." HortScience 57, no. 3 (2022): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16303-21.

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Floating seedling technology was used to propagate banana seedlings. The effects of different substrates, such as wood bran, vermiculite, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient solution, at different concentrations on the survival rate of banana floating seedlings and the growth of seedling stem, leaf, and root systems were compared. The results showed that banana seedlings treated with MS nutrient solution at one-half or one-third concentration or hydroponically with controlled slow-release fertilizer (0.5–0.6 g/plant) directly added to the wood bran substrate grew the fastest and had the largest number of roots. At 50 days after transplanting, these banana seedlings reached the standard of first-grade packaged seedlings, with the number of expanded leaves reaching 6.6 to 7.6, the width of leaves reaching 6.5 cm to 7.3 cm, and the root system relatively developed. The comprehensive characteristics of the seedlings were all better than those of other treatments. The results of this study have certain reference significance for accelerating seedling growth in greenhouses and large-scale production of disease-free banana seedlings. The banana floating seedling system we developed did not need watering every day and may be simpler than other seedling raising methods.
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Nurjaman, K. M., A. S. Wulandari, and Y. Istikorini. "Effect of Endophytic Fungi Inoculation and Ecoenzyme on the Growth of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb.)) Seedlings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012011.

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Abstract During the growth process, plants require nutrients and have a symbiotic relationship with beneficial microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endophytic fungi inoculation and eco enzymes on the growth of Gmelina Seedlings. The endophytic fungi which were used were Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., and Arthrinium malaysianum. Endophytic fungi inoculation into Gmelina Seedlings was carried out by watering fungal suspension onto the planting medium. The same method was carried out for the application of eco enzyme. The results showed that inoculation of the endophytic fungi A. malaysianum decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling’s height and diameter. Inoculation of Ascotricha sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling height, and inoculation of Ochroconis sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling diameter. Endophytic fungi inoculation without eco enzymes could generate longer roots. As a result, shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that Gmelina Seedlings were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biological fertilizers to forestry plants.
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Liptay, A. "Air circulation in growth chambers stunts tomato seedling growth." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 4 (1992): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-161.

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Air circulation, generally an integral part of environmentally controlled plant growth chambers, inhibited tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth seismomorphogenically. Tomato seedlings were grown either in a growth chamber having an air movement of 0.5–0.7 m s−1 or in a chamber with no air circulation. Growth inhibition was noticeable with as little as 15 min of daily exposure to air circulation, and a continuous exposure gave the greatest amount of growth inhibition. The air-movement effect on seedling growth was transient and required a continued daily exposure to air movement for growth inhibition. Continuous air circulation inhibited seedling growth to such an extent that in a two-factor experiment (i.e., air movement and water stress) the water-stress effects were completely hidden by the air-movement effect. The results have important implications for tomato plant growth experiments in chambers equipped with air circulation: seedling growth may be affected more by the inherent air circulation in the growth chamber than by an experimental treatment.Key words: Tomato growth inhibition, air movement, seismomorphogenic, short seedlings
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Lorenc, František, Jan Lubojacký, and Tomáš Tonka. "Influence of mycorrhizal preparation on seedling growth and Armillaria infestation." Journal of Forest Science 67, No. 4 (2021): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/198/2020-jfs.

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The influence of three types of treatment on seedling survival percentage, growth and Armillaria infestation of Fagus sylvatica L. (FAGUS), Abies alba Mill. (ABIES) and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (PICEA) seedlings were tested in this study: (i) inoculation with the Ectovit<sup>®</sup> preparation containing ectomycorrhizal fungi (INOCUL), (ii) Ectovit<sup>®</sup> preparation + Conavit<sup>®</sup> fertilizer (INOCUL + FERTILIZ) and (iii) the untreated group (CONTROL). The selected sample contained 100 seedlings per each tree species and treatment type (900 seedlings in total). Besides that, 18 months after planting, 10 living seedlings per each species and treatment (90 seedlings in total) were sampled to evaluate root dry mass and Armillaria infestation. The data were statistically evaluated by frequency analysis, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. The overall seedling survival percentage was very low, probably due to extreme drought and high temperatures, with significantly lower results for the ABIES INOCUL + FERTILIZ and PICEA INOCUL + FERTILIZ groups. All tested growth characteristics (seedling height increment, root collar diameter increment, seedling shoot dry weight, root dry mass) were significantly higher in PICEA seedlings. Root collar diameter increment showed significant differences within each species and inconsistent results. Armillaria was detected only in the PICEA CONTROL group as rhizomorphs identified as A. ostoyae. The results suggest that the artificial mycorrhizal preparation can be an efficient method of preventing Armillaria infestation, especially in spruce seedlings.
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Suita, Eliya, Dede Jajat Sudrajat, and Nurhasybi Nurhasybi. "Growth of red sengon (Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.) seedlings on the molded seedling media and its comparison with polybag seedling." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 7, no. 2 (2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2018.vol7iss2pp141-149.

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The development of alternative methods for land and forest rehabilitation is necessary for producing good quality seedlings. This study aims to examine and compare the effect of addition of mycorrhiza and rhizobium on the growth of red sengon (Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.) seedlings in molded seedling media (BMSM) and the addition of various dosages of basic fertilizers to the seedlings on polybags. Seedlings in MSM were tested in the nursery until the age of 3 months. The field test was conducted by comparing the growth of red sengon (6 months after planting) seedlings from the BMSM and seedlings on polybags. The design used was a randomzed block design. BMSM that has been added with 3 g of rhizobium per seedling gave the best growth seedling and plant growth in the field. The growth of the seedling on polybags was increased by giving basic fertilizer of 5 kg per planting hole. Red sengon seedlings originated from seedling in BMSM with the addition of 3 g of rhizobium and seedlings on polybag with a dosage of 5 kg basic fertilizer had the highest growth. BMSM as an alternative technology for tree seedling production can be used for planting, and land or forest rehabilitation.
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Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "CHILLING OF PEACH SEEDS, SEEDLINGS AND CUTTINGS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1088f—1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1088f.

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Correlations were made between the responses of seeds, physiologically dwarfed seedlings and dormant cuttings to similar chilling treatments. Seed germination correlated highly with growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Emergence and seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Thus, germination was a better seed predictor of the mature peach chilling response than emergence or seedling growth. Growth of dwarfed seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of dormant cuttings. The anomalous leaf condition of peach seedlings may have confounded seedling growth after seed chilling, but was not a problem when the chilling treatment was provided to physiologically dwarfed seedlings. The dormancy release mechanisms that promoted seed germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and growth of dormant cuttings were similar.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling growth"

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Agyeman, Victor Kwame. "Environmental influences on seedling growth." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068823.

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The tropical high forests of West Africa have been under stress due to a greater dependence on wood resources. Logging rate has more than doubled within the last decade. However, the exact effects of logging on vegetation composition and the degree of canopy opening that should be created in the forest to ensure the regeneration of timber tree species are not known. Three major experiments were carried out to determine the ecophysiological responses of timber tree species in different irradiances and red:far-red ratios. (1) 16 tree species were grown in six neutral shade treatments (2, 6, 27, 42 and 65% full sun) and their growth assessed by standard measurements used in growth analysis (biomass, height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf production and mortality). (2) Eight species, of which six were also used in the shade house experiment, were grown in a series of artificially-created gaps in two forest sites differing in annual rainfall. Gaps created received 1-2, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 66% full sun. (3) Possible differences in the results between shade house and forest experiments due to differences in light quality (red:far-red ratio) were tested separately. Differences in red:far-red ratio has little effect of growth but showed some influence on allocation of biomass. Seedling growth response of species were higher in shade houses compared to the two field sites and higher in the wet compared to dry forests. Sixteen tropical timber tree species were ranked on an ecological (shade tolerance) gradient based on their differential growth response to light. The results indicate that the ranking of species on an ecological gradient is robust and potentially more reliable than intuitive classification of species into groups.
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Kilaru, Aruna, and Kent D. Chapman. "N-Acylated Phospholipid Metabolism and Seedling Growth." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.21314.

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N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are precursors of endogenous bioactive lipids, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). NAPEs, which occur as a minor membrane lipid, are hydrolyzed in a single enzymatic step catalyzed by a type of phospholipase D (PLD) to generate fatty acid ethanolamides. Although, the occurrence of NAPE is widespread in the plant kingdom, the physiological roles remain under appreciated due to the lack of sensitive tools to quantify the pathway metabolites. In Kilaru et al. (2012, Planta, DOI 10.1007/s00425-012-1669-z), comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods were developed to gain a clearer understanding of the complex network of metabolites that participate in NAE metabolic pathway. This targeted lipidomics approach allowed insights to be drawn into the implications of altered NAE levels on NAPE content and composition, and the overall regulation of PLD-mediated hydrolysis in Arabidopsis. Based on these results, we point out here the important need for the identification of the precise isoform(s) of PLD in plants that is (are) involved in the regulated hydrolysis of NAPE and formation of NAE lipid mediators in vivo.
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Bloomberg, Mark. "Modelling germination and early seedling growth of radiata pine." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/681.

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Background: This study seeks to model aspects of the regeneration of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) seedlings under a range of environmental conditions. This study investigated whether “hybrid” mechanistic models, which predict plant growth and development using empirical representations of plant physiological responses to the environment, could provide a realistic alternative to conventional empirical regeneration models. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to 1) identify the functional relationships between the environmental conditions controlling germination, establishment and growth of radiata pine seedlings, under a range of those environmental conditions as specified by temperature and available light and soil water; and 2) specify those functional relationships in hybrid mechanistic (“hybrid”) models. Methods: Radiata pine seedling germination and growth were measured under controlled environmental conditions (incubators for seed germination, growth cabinets for seedlings), and results used to adapt, parameterise and test two published hybrid models; one for germination (the hydrothermal time model); and one for seedling growth in the first six months after germination, based on plant radiation use efficiency (RUE). The hydrothermal model was tested by incubating commercial radiata pine seeds under factorial combinations of temperature and water potentials where germination was likely to occur (12.5 ºC to 32.5 ºC and 0 MPa to –1.2 MPa.). 100 seeds were germinated for each factorial combination. The hydrothermal germination model was fitted to the germination data using non-linear regression modles, will allowed simultaneous estimation of all modle parameters. Seedlings were grown in controlled growth cabinets, and their RUE was calculated as the ratio of net primary production (NPP, specified in terms of an increase in oven dry biomass), to PAR intercepted or absorbed by a seedling. Estimation of seedling RUE required development of novel techniques for non-destructive estimation of seedling oven dry weight, and measurement of PAR interception by seedlings. The effect of varying PAR flux density on RUE was tested by measuring RUE of seedlings grown at 125, 250 and 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. In a second experiment, the effect of deficits in available soil water on RUE was tested by measuring RUE of seedlings grown under 250 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR flux, and at different levels of available soil water. Available soil water was specified by a soil moisture modifier factor (ƒθ) which ranges between 1 for moist soils and 0 for soils where there is insufficient water for seedling growth. This soil moisture modifier had not previously been applied in studies of tree seedling growth. Temperatures for both seedling experiments were a constant 17.5 ºC (day) and 12.5 ºC (night). Results: Hydrothermal time models accurately described radiata pine seed germination. Model predictions were closely correlated with actual seed germination over the full range of temperature and water potentials where germination was likely to occur (12.5 ºC to 32.5 ºC and 0 MPa to –1.2 MPa. The minimum temperature for germination (base temperature) was 9.0 ºC. Optimum temperatures for germination ranged from ~20ºC for slow-germinating seeds to ~27 ºC for the fastest germinating seeds. The minimum water potential for seed germination varied within the seed population, with an approximately normal distribution (base water potential = –1.38 MPa, standard deviation of 0.48 MPa). In the process of developing the model, a novel explanation for the decline in germination rates at supra-optimal temperatures was developed (Section 3.4.6), based on earlier models proposed by Alvarado & Bradford (2002) and Rowse & Finch-Savage (2003). This explanation was that the decline in germination rate was not driven just by temperature, but by accumulated hydrothermal time above the base temperature for germination (T₀). This in turn raised the base soil water potential (Ψb) towards 0, so that the reduction in germination rate arose from a reduced accumulation of hydro-time, rather than from thermal denaturation of enzymes facilitating germination – the conventional explanation for non-linear accumulation of thermal time at supra-optimal temperatures for plant development. Upwards adjustment (towards 0 MPa) of base water potentials of germinating seeds occurred also at very cold temperatures in combination with high water potentials. In both cases (very cold or else supra-optimal temperatures) this upwards adjustment in base water potentials prevented germination of part of the seed population, and is proposed as a mechanism which enables seed populations to “hedge their bets” when germinating under less than ideal germination conditions. RUE of young germinated radiata pine seedlings growing in a controlled growth cabinet was not significantly different over a range of constant PAR flux densities. Mean RUE’s were 3.22, 2.82 and 2.58 g MJ⁻¹ at 125, 250 and 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ respectively. In the second experiment, the novel use of a soil moisture modifier (ƒθ) to predict RUE of seedlings subjected to water stress proved successful within a limited range of soil water stress conditions. Measured seedling transpiration and stomatal conductance were closely correlated but seedling photosynthesis was less correlated with available soil water. This result suggests that photosynthesis was not coupled with stomatal conductance when PAR flux was 250 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, which is well below saturating irradiance for C₃ plants. Conclusions: The use of hybrid, quasi-mechanistic models to describe tree seedling growth has been seldom explored, which necessitated the development of novel experimental and analytical techniques for this study. These included a predictive model of germination decline at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures; a method for accurately estimating seedling dry weights under a range of PAR flux densities; and a novel method for estimating light interception by small seedlings. The work reported in this thesis showed that existing hybrid models (the hydrothermal time germination model and the RUE model) can be adapted to model germination and growth of radiata pine seedlings under controlled environmental conditions. Nonetheless, further research is needed before the models can be confidently used as an alternative to conventional empirical models to model regeneration in “real-world” forests. Research priorities are the performance of hydrothermal germination models under variable field conditions, and the use of the soil moisture modifier for seedlings growing on a range of soil textures and under a range of PAR fluxes.
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Taylor, Anne. "Phototropism, traumatropism and blue light effects on seedling growth." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010196.

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The growth events which are responsible for the phototropic curvature of seedlings towards blue light were investigated by growth analysis of seedlings of Avena sativa L. Time-lapse video analysis of coleoptiles given equivalent unilateral or bilateral blue light stimuli showed that both the duration and fluence-rate of the light treatments affected the growth responses which were recorded. The results suggest that the growth responses in bilateral light occur simultaneously with the growth changes which cause phototropic curvature, although they do not appear to make any contribution to the magnitude of curvature. Seedlings were also subjected to continuous unilateral microbeam (1mm) irradiation of discrete zones, to investigate whether 'message' transmission occurs in phototropism. The growth changes which occur in response to this treatment were recorded over the whole length of a 20 mm seedling, but began at different times in different zones. It was concluded that there must be some kind of 'message' transmission following perception of a phototropic stimulus in Avena. The kinetics of the response showed that it was unlikely that transmission could be simply due to tissue light-piping from the position of the original light beam. Unilateral irradiation of a small zone at the base of a coleoptile resulted in negative curvature. This experiment provided some evidence for acropetal transmission of the phototropic signal. A study was also made on the effects of wounding on the growth of Avena seedlings. This led to a re-evaluation of the significance of the traumatropic response to unilateral wounding. The experiments showed that even a slight wound can have severe effects on the growth of a coleoptile. The results are discussed in relation to previous theories on the mechanism of traumatropic curvature.
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Hahne, Kathryn S., and Ursula K. Schuch. "Nitrogen Requirements of Prosopis Velutina during Early Seedling Growth." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216532.

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The objective of this study was to determine the optimum rate of N to maximize growth of Prosopis velutina seedlings and minimize N leaching when seedlings were grown in different substrates. Mesquite seedlings were grown in sand or soilless media and were fertigated with a solution of67 % NH₄⁺: 33 % NO₃⁻ at a rate of 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg N/L. After 60 days, plants in media produced 41 % more leaves and total biomass compared to those in sand. Leaf number was greatest for plants grown at 200 mg N/L in both substrates. Root biomass of plants in media showed no response to increasing N concentrations while root biomass of seedlings in sand were similar for the three lower N concentrations and nearly doubled for the highest one. Shoot biomass of seedlings receiving 25, 50, or 100 mg N/L was similar, but more than doubled for plants fertigated with 200 mg N/L. N leachate losses were highest from seedlings growing in sand and receiving the two higher N fertigations, those in media had greatest N leachate loss when fertigated at 200 mg N/L.
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Kamboozia, Jafar. "Seedling vigour in winter grain legumes." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk152.pdf.

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Abreu, F. M. S. G. "Influence of atmospheric saturation deficit on early growth of groundnut." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378471.

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Sinclair, John. "Crusting, soil strength and seedling emergence in Botswana." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU363198.

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This thesis gives the results of an investigation of the strengths and particularly the crust forming potential of arable soils from Botswana and the relationship to seedling emergence of sorghum, the most important crop in Botswana and one that because of its small seed weight (about 2 0 mg) can fail to emerge through a hard soil crust. A review of the literature suggested that the soil factors which had to be considered were dispersibility of clay and factors which affect this, and the bulk density of the soils. Soils which are found in many tropical and sub-tropical regions, with low organic matter and inactive clays can set hard after a simple wetting and drying cycle. In these soils, the strength is very strongly dependent on the water content, showing a hyperbolic or exponential relationship-, and the strengths when dry may be very greatly increased by remoulding the wet soil. The crust strength required to prevent seedling emergence varies with the size of the seedling and for cotton (seed weight about 80 mg), 1-3 MPa penetration resistance measured with a penetrometer is sufficient to prevent emergence. Seedlings exert a total force proportional to their number. In the experimental programme, seedlings' forces were measured, seedling emergence observed in a field experiment under crusting conditions, and the strength characteristics of a group of soils, representative of arable soils in Botswana, studied. A sorghum seedling was found to exert a maximum force of about 1 N or dividing by the area of the plumule, a pressure of about 0,5 MPa. The field experiment showed that much better emergence was obtained from planting 15 seeds together than from planting 4 seeds together when a crust formed after planting. A study of 32 soils, most of them sand to sandy loam in texture but with a few clays and hydroirorphic soils, from arable areas in Botswana showed the sandy to sandy loam soils to have high bulk densities ( 1,45-1 ,75 Mg/m3) and extremely low organic carbon contents (0,12-0,85 g/100g). The bulk densities of all the soils were inversely related to the organic carbon content and this was itself related to the clay content of the soils. The bulk densities of the sands were dependent on the grading of the sand fraction. Many of the soils were sensitive to remoulding in the Emerson test and the sands to loany sands had 0,4-1,0 g/100 g water dispersible clay. Measurements of tensile strength on air-dry samples showed that all the soils, except for one sand, set hard after a wetting and drying cycle, giving for vacuum wet samples indirect tensile strengths 1,0-14,4 kPa. For the sands to sandy loams this strength was related to the water dispersible clay content. Samples wet at atmospheric pressure were weaker than the vacuum wet samples, the reduction in strength was related to the air porosity of the non-vacuum wet soils prior to drying. Remoulding the soils prior to drying them increased the strength by a factor of up to 50 times, giving strengths from 4 kPa to 600 kPa. The strength after remoulding was dependent on the Emerson index. Compacting the soils increased their strength greatly and to an extent that agreed with the hypothesis that the strength obtained was proportional to the area of contact between the particles. Experiments on penetration resistance at a range of water contents were performed on a few soils. A hyperbolic relationship between water content and penetration resistance of the surface soil was found for sand to sandy loam soils, with the maximum resistance of dry soils above 2 MPa. The penetration resistance of the sandy loam soil was Increased three times by disturbing it when wet. Sprinkler wetting the sieved soils was not found to affect the penetration resistance by a large amount compared and other methods of welting. Penetration resistance was measured on air-dry samples of most of the main group of soils following varying degrees of wetting with a rainfall simulator. The clays and hydromorphic soils gave very low values of penetration resistance under these conditions, showing that at organic carbon contents of about 1% and clay contents from 20 to 30%, the decreased bulk density and tendency to form aggregates' on drying overcame the tendency to set hard. The mean values for the sands to sandy loams were from 1 to 6 MPa so all these soils could offer significant resistance to a sorghum seedling. The penetration resistance of the sands and loam/ sands depended on their bulk densities and water dispersible clay contents, while the penetration resistance of the sandy loams depended only on the water dispersible clay content.
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Stomph, Tjeerd Jan. "Seedling establishment in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) : the influence of genotype, physiological seed quality, soil temperature and soil water." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276632.

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McElhannon, Laura Michelle Waters Luther. "Enhancement of seed germination and seedling growth of Lenten rose." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Horticulture/Thesis/Moore_Laura_47.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Seedling growth"

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Ratliff, Raymond D. Grazing on regeneration sites encourages pine seedling growth. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1995.

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E, Norton Dale, Washington (State). Toxics Cleanup Program., and Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology. Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program., eds. Early seedling growth protocol for soil toxicity screening. Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, 1996.

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Simpson, D. G. Long-nights and moisture stress affect Douglas-fir seedling growth, cold hardiness, dormancy and root growth potential. Forestry Canada, 1991.

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Odlum, K. D. Selecting greenhouse temperatures to control black spruce & jack pine seedling growth: Pocket guide. Ministry of Natural Resources, 1995.

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Workshop on Seedling Physiology and Growth Problems in Oak Plantings (8th 2001 Hiawassee, Ga.). Eighth Workshop on Seedling Physiology and Growth Problems in Oak Plantings: Hiawassee, Georgia, September 9-12, 2001. North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2001.

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1943-, Isebrands J. G., McCreary D. D, and United States. Forest Service. North Central Research Station, eds. Seventh Workshop on Seedling Physiology and Growth Problems in Oak Plantings, South Lake Tahoe, California, September 27-29, 1998. North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1999.

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O'Reilly, Conor J. Bud and shoot development in different seedling types of western hemlock during nursery growth. Forestry Canada, 1989.

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Minore, Don. Effects of site preparation on seedling growth: A preliminary comparison of broadcast burning and pile burning. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Dochinger, Leon S. Effect of acid mist and air pollutants on yellow-poplar seedling height and leaf growth. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Dochinger, Leon S. Effect of acid mist and air pollutants on yellow-poplar seedling height and leaf growth. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seedling growth"

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Nelson, C. J., and K. L. Larson. "Seedling Growth." In Physiological Basis of Crop Growth and Development. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1984.physiologicalbasis.c4.

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Raghavan, V. "Seedling Growth." In Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants. Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1234-8_3.

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Arteca, Richard N. "Seed Germination and Seedling Growth." In Plant Growth Substances. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2451-6_4.

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Burris, J. S. "Soybean Seedling Growth and Vigor." In World Soybean Research Conference III: Proceedings. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429267932-139.

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Lula, Mikolaj, Kjersti Holt Hanssen, Martin Goude, et al. "Regeneration." In Managing Forest Ecosystems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70484-0_3.

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Abstract In the context of continuous cover forestry (CCF), natural regeneration is the preferred form of regeneration, but it is a long-lasting and complex process. Shelter density has a large effect on the regeneration process and results. The selection system, particularly suited for shade-tolerant species like Norway spruce, relies on continuous regeneration and ingrowth into larger size classes. Regeneration and ingrowth rates vary significantly among stands, influenced by site and historical factors, with no clear relationship to current stand conditions. In the group system, edge trees influence regeneration by providing seeds, checking weed growth, and exerting competition. Regeneration in gaps is generally satisfactory for both Norway spruce and Scots pine. However, seedlings usually grow slower, especially close to the gap edges. The shelterwood system promotes regeneration through a successive, uniform opening of the canopy. Shelter trees provide seeds, and reduce seedling damage and competition from ground vegetation. On the other hand, the remaining overstorey shelter trees reduce seedling growth. Conversion to the selection system initiates regeneration in young stands, aiming for slow and steady regeneration. Given the rapid growth and crown closure in young stands, frequent manipulation of shelter density is essential during conversion, for example by opening small gaps.
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Kapoor, Riti Thapar. "Effect of Calcium Silicate Supplementation on the Growth of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L. Variety Hisar Sonali Under Saline Conditions." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_21.

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AbstractSalinity is a major abiotic stress which decreases crop productivity. Salt stress also causes osmotic, water, ionic and oxidative stresses. Plants exposure to salt can check their growth by reduction in water and nutrient uptake, osmotic imbalance and cytotoxicity incited by sodium and chloride ions. Present study deals with the impact of salt on germination, growth and physiological components of fenugreek and its alleviation by the application of calcium silicate. The salt stress reduced fenugreek germination and growth but supplementation of calcium silicate to salt stressed seedlings mitigated deleterious impacts of salinity. Various parameters like germination, seedling length, biomass, pigment and protein contents of fenugreek seedlings were significantly improved with calcium silicate under salt stress. Maximum reduction 53.3% in protein amount was recorded in fenugreek seedlings treated with NaCl (10 mM) over control. Significant increase in total antioxidant content in fenugreek seedlings was observed with calcium silicate as it showed the following order: Ca2SiO4 > NaCl + Ca2SiO4 > NaCl > Control. Hence, application of calcium silicate can be useful for the fenugreek plants growing under saline conditions.
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Bewley, J. Derek, and Michael Black. "Cellular Events during Germination and Seedling Growth." In Seeds. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1747-4_4.

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Bewley, J. Derek, and Michael Black. "Cellular Events during Germination and Seedling Growth." In Seeds. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1002-8_4.

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Nehring, Ramlah B., and Joseph R. Ecker. "Ethylene Responses in Seedling Growth and Development." In Plant Hormones. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_17.

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Jayasekera, R., and H. Lieth. "Effect of available rooting volume on seedling growth." In Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1858-3_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seedling growth"

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Dumbadze, Guguli, Lasha Mikeladze, Narguli Asanidze, Nargiz Alasania, and Vakhtang Kobalia. "LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF BACTOFERT-L BODEN�S EFFECT ON CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS UNDER SALINE STRESS." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s24.11.

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The increasing interest in biostimulants as sustainable solutions for agriculture has been widely documented in high-impact scientific literature. Biostimulants are recognized for their ability to promote plant growth, enhance nutrient uptake, and increase resilience to environmental stress. This study researches the effects of the newly developed Georgian biostimulant BactoFert�L Boden on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus) under various saline stress conditions. Soil salinization is a critical issue affecting global agricultural productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory setting, where cucumber seedlings were exposed to saline solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na?SO?) at concentrations of 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2, and 1.4%. Following the GOST-54221-2010 methodology, the research evaluated the biostimulant's impact on seedling growth, focusing on parameters such as stem length, leaf surface area, and biomass accumulation. The results demonstrated that BactoFert�L Boden significantly enhanced seedling growth in solutions with moderate salinity (0.2%�0.8%), leading to increased stem length, root development, and overall biomass. However, at higher salinity levels (1.0%�1.4%), the saline conditions proved toxic, inhibiting plant growth despite the application of the biostimulant. The study highlights the potential of BactoFert�L Boden as an effective solution for improving plant resilience to salinity stress in environments with low to moderate salinity. While BactoFert�L Boden shows promise in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity, its effectiveness is limited in environments with high salinity concentrations. Further research is recommended to assess its applicability across various plant species and environmental conditions.
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Azis, Yunia Mulyani, Moechammad Sarosa, Septriandi Wirayoga, and Hadiwiyatno. "Onion Seedling Growth Optimization in Wates Village with Genetic Algorithm for Periodic Watering." In 2024 International Conference on Advanced Information Scientific Development (ICAISD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaisd63055.2024.10894858.

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Benterrouche, Lyes, Aya Malak Benmounah, Salah Sahli, et al. "Improvement of Germination and Seedling Growth of Durum Wheat Seed Using Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma." In 2024 3rd International Conference on Advanced Electrical Engineering (ICAEE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaee61760.2024.10783313.

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Kongtragoul, Pornprapa, and Sansanee Pantakan. "ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT SOME FUNGAL PATHOGENS INFECTION ON DURIAN SEEDLINGS." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s24.17.

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Durian disease-causing organisms such as fungi can infect durian trees at any stage of development. Chemical fungicides are widely used because they are convenient and simple to use. However, it impacts the health of producers, consumers, and the environment. As a result, recommendations have been developed and established for researching zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-ONPs) that can inhibit fungal growth as an alternative for preventing and eliminating such fungi. The purpose of this study is to collect and isolate some fungi that cause durian diseases and their pathogenicity test, as well as to investigate the efficacy of Zn-ONPs ranging in size from 25 to 50 nm in inhibiting germination and fungal infection on durian seedlings. Three isolates of Phytophthora sp. (CL4_F1, CL4_S5, CL4_F10), two isolates of Fusarium sp. (CL6_FL1, CL6_FL2), two isolates of Phomopsis sp. (CH1_PF1, CH1_PF2), and two isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. (CL1_RL1, CL1_RL2) were successfully isolated as durian pathogenic fungi. All isolates were pathogenic on durian seedlings, with a 100% disease incidence. As a result, it was found that increasing the concentration of ZnO-NPs could further inhibit growth in the germination and infection of durian seedlings. All tested isolates had delayed germination by ZnO-NPs at all concentrations. Furthermore, as the severity of the disease decreased, ZnO-NPs could inhibit infection in durian seedlings at higher concentrations.
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Chen, J., J. H. Wu, H. P. Si, and K. Y. Lin. "Regulation technology for seedling growth in the plug seedling." In International Conference on Earth Science and Environmental Protection (ICESEP2013). WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icesep130931.

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DUMINS, Karlis, Toms STALS, and Dagnija LAZDINA. "FOREST REGENERATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT BY ASTA SYSTEM." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.178.

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In Latvia one third of the total forest area is regenerated by planting tree seedlings and therefore it is important to choose the appropriate soil preparation method and the right type of regeneration material for each forest type. Usually the success of afforestation is evaluated by how high is the average seedling survival rate and growth parameters like height, annual increment, diameter at breast height while the location of the seedling is disregarded. This may be of great importance since in such stands the environmental conditions typically are not entirely homogenous. Micro topography differences impact seedling growth, because it modifies water regime, temperature, micronutrient availability, sun radiation and other factors. Therefore, aim of this work is to improve monitoring methods and determine the most efficient soil preparation and seedling preparation combination to improve the quality of forest regeneration. That could be done using ASTA documentation system originally developed to show seedling and mound location and density in planting area during mechanic planting. But it also allows to link the precise location of the seedling and growing conditions with its growing rate and survival and therefore it is easier to exclude seedlings that are affected by other factors than those that you are interested in, so you can gain more representative results. This also could be used in forest management. When using ASTA system it is also possible to display how different tree disease are distributed in the stand, if they have spread eventually or localized only in some parts of the stand, also it can be used for browsing and other tree damage monitoring in the stand. In conclusion: in harsh environmental conditions on unprepared forest soil and soil prepared in furrows made by disc trench larger seedlings show better survival rate. Survival of seedlings is significantly impacted by micro topography, whereas mounded micro sites equalize local environmental conditions that reduce impact of micro topography.
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Vedehin, Sergey, and Anna Popova. "SINGLE-FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF THE RESULTS OF MEASURING THE GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS "ROSE")." In Adaptation of forestry to climate change: nature-oriented solutions and digitalization. Forestry – 2024. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58168/ffys2024_16-20.

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The article describes the use of single-factor analysis of variance to assess the effect of the composition of the soil mixture on the growth of flower seedlings of Catharanthus roseus (Catharanthus roseus "Rose"). Data on the growth of seedlings were collected at regular intervals throughout the growing season. Before the analysis, the uniformity of the variance and the normality of the distribution were evaluated. Post-hoc analysis was performed to determine the differences between the seedling groups. This research contributes to finding optimal conditions for plant growth and is of practical importance for agriculture, forestry and urban management. Especially in the face of climate change and when working in an aggressive urban environment.
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Xiao, Shengen, Jinjie Shi, Zhihua Zheng, Liping Xiong, and Zhimin Liu. "Growth Analysis and CUSSIM Model in Cucumber Seedling." In Workshop on Intelligent Information Technology Application (IITA 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iita.2007.62.

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Veronica, De Micco, Dario Castagnolo, Raimondo Fortezza, et al. "Automatic system for seedling growth onboard of un..." In 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-05-a2.6.05.

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Belsare, P. P., and S. K. Shah. "Evaluation of seedling growth rate using image processing." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccic.2013.6724248.

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Reports on the topic "Seedling growth"

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Ratliff, Raymond D., and Renee G. Denton. Grazing on Regeneration Sites Encourages Pine Seedling Growth. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-223.

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Lockhart, Brian R., Emile S. Gardiner, and Daniel C. (editors) Dey. Tenth workshop on seedling physiology and growth problems in oak plantings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-32.

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Lockhart, Brian R., Emile S. Gardiner, and Daniel C. (editors) Dey. Tenth workshop on seedling physiology and growth problems in oak plantings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-32.

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Thompson, Janette R., Richard C. Schultz, and J. W. Van Sambeek. Fifth workshop on seedling physiology and growth problems in oak plantings (abstracts). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-158.

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Weigel, D. R., J. W. Van Sambeek, and C. H. Michler. Ninth workshop on seedling physiology and growth problems in oak plantings (abstracts). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-262.

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Israel, Alvaro, and John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.

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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.
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Dochinger, Leon S., Keith F. Jensen, and Keith F. Jensen. Effect of acid mist and air pollutants on yellow-poplar seedling height and leaf growth. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-572.

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Dochinger, Leon S., Keith F. Jensen, and Keith F. Jensen. Effect of acid mist and air pollutants on yellow-poplar seedling height and leaf growth. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-572.

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McDonald, Philip M., and Gary O. Fiddler. Effect of cattle grazing, seeded grass, and an herbicide on ponderosa pine seedling survival and growth. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-242.

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Minore, Don. Effects of site preparation on seedling, growth: a preliminary comparison of broadcast burning and pile burning. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-452.

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