Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling length'
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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling length"
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Sun, Jingbin, Xueqiang Li, Shaochuan Li, Xiangyou Wang, and Linlin Wang. "Design Optimization and Experiment of Four-Row Potato Seedling-Cutting Machine." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 6 (2021): 1155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14532.
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HighlightsBased on the innovative analysis of the seedling-cutting operation mechanism, five shapes of seedling-cutting blades were designed, and a four-row potato seedling-cutting machine was developed.The kinematics and mechanics of seedling-cutting blades were analyzed, which can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of experimental factors.A regression orthogonal experiment and variance analysis were carried out to verify the performance of the four-row potato seedling-cutting machine. Finally, the main and secondary factors affecting the seedling-cutting performance and the optimal parameter combination were obtained.Compared with other studies, the structure of the seedling-cutting blades are more complete in this study. The test results show that the qualified rate of the broken length of the potato seedlings is significantly improved, the missed cutting rate of the potato seedlings is reduced, and the length of the stubble is more uniform, which greatly improves the quality of seedling-cutting.Abstract. A four-row potato seedling-cutting machine was designed to address the problems associated with potato seedling-cutting machines with low qualified rates of broken length and stubble length and high missed cutting rates. Based on the analysis of the seedling-cutting operation mechanism, key components were designed, and the kinematics and mechanics were analyzed. A regression orthogonal experiment was carried out, taking the rotation speed of the seedling-cutting blade shaft, forward speed of the seedling-cutting machine, and height of the short blade of the ridge top from the ridge platform as the experimental factors and the qualified rate of the broken length of the potato seedlings, missed cutting rate of the potato seedlings, rate of carrying potatoes, and length of the stubble as experimental indexes. The results showed that the prioritized impact of various factors on the qualified rate of the broken length of the potato seedlings ranked as follows: the rotation speed of the seedling-cutting blade shaft > the height of the short blade of the ridge top from the ridge platform > the forward speed of the seedling-cutting machine. The prioritized impact of various factors on the missed cutting rate of the potato seedlings ranked as follows: the forward speed of the seedling-cutting machine > the rotation speed of the seedling-cutting blade shaft > the height of the short blade of the ridge top from the ridge platform. The prioritized impact of various factors on the rate of carrying potatoes and the length of the stubble ranked as follows: the height of the short blade of the ridge top from the ridge platform > the rotation speed of the seedling-cutting blade shaft > the forward speed of the seedling-cutting machine. The optimal parameter combination was a rotation speed of the seedling-cutting blade shaft of 1400 r/min, forward speed of the seedling-cutting machine of 4.22 km/h, height of the short blade of the ridge top from the ridge platform of 62 mm. Based on this combination, the qualified rate of the broken length of potato seedlings was 94.1%, the missed cutting rate of the potato seedlings was 0.30%, the rate of carrying potatoes was 0.49%, and the length of the stubble was 54 mm. The index values of the verification experiments were 94.6%, 0.38%, 0.53%, and 56 mm, which were better than the standard values, indicating that this machine meets the basic operation requirements. The test results can provide theoretical support and technical reference for improving the parameter and structural design of a potato seedling-cutting machine. Keywords: Field experiment, Flail blade, Potato, Seedling-cutting machine.
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Ekamawanti, Hanna Artuti, Lenawati Simanjuntak, and Abdurrani Muin. "Assessment of the Physical Quality of Eucalyptus pellita Seedlings from Shoot Cutting by Age Level." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 2 (2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl29280-290.
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The criteria for target seedling of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell are at least 90days old, with consequences for the length of stay of the seedlings in the nursery. This study must assess the suitability as a target seedling first if it wants to plant the seedlings under 90days old in the field. The research aimed to evaluate and obtain the regression equation for the seedling’s age with the seedling’s morphological characters. The shoot seedlings cuttings aged 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after planting in the cocopeat growing medium were assessed. The study was used a survey method with a purposive sampling technique to obtain 60 samples by assessing the growth and appearances of the seedling. Furthermore, 15 samples were taken at random to determine the dry weight of the seedlings. Seedlings aged 75 and 90 days indicated the standard criteria as target seedlings for height, diameter, number of leaves, seedling’s health, shoot appearances, and seedling roots. The two seedlings’age levels have a sturdiness index of 8.34-9.78; shoot-root ratio 3.9-4.5; and seedling quality index (SQI) 0.22-0.23. Seedling age had a powerful positive correlation with the sturdiness index and SQI (r = 0.84 and r = 0.96). The regression equation of the sturdiness index is y = 0.048x + 5.435 (R2 = 0.996) and SQI is y = 0.004x - 0.064 (R2 = 0.926). This research implies that 75 and 90-days seedlings can be considered as one of the criteria for the age of E. pellita shoot cuttings as the target seedling in the SOP of PT. Finnantara Intiga.Keywords: cocopeat, Eucalyptus pellita, Seedling Quality index, shoot cuttings, target seedling
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Chaney, William R., and William R. Byrnes. "Effect of Seedling Age and Taproot Length on Performance of Oak." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 4 (1993): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/10.4.175.
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Abstract White oak and northern red oak seedlings were planted in an old field site in Indiana and evaluated for 9 yr to determine if seedling age and initial taproot length affected growth performance. Both 1-0 and 2-0 seedlings were produced in specially designed containerized seedbeds that provided for root pruning to lengths of 23 and 30 cm through control of the level of water saturation in the rooting medium. Survival of both species was high, 95%-100%. Northern red oak growth was not significantly influenced by initial seedling age or taproot length. White oak, however, performed the best when seedlings were 2 yr old and had a 30 cm long taproot. Seedling age was the more important factor affecting growth. North. J. Appl. For. 10(4):175-178.
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Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Influence of Seed Vigor, Herbicide Rates, and Incorporation Depths on Emergence and Seedling Development of Soybean (Glycine max)." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (1992): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036290.
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Imazaquin at 140, 280, and 420 g ai ha-1did not negatively affect seedling emergence from high vigor (98% germination) soybean seed but, coupled with a 5.0-cm herbicide incorporation depth, reduced seedling emergence from low vigor (67% germination) seed at all rates. Imazaquin at 420 g ha-1incorporated 5.0 cm deep reduced low and high vigor seedling height 36 and 28%, respectively. Imazaquin at all rates reduced root length from high vigor seed, whereas only the high rate reduced root length of seedlings from low vigor seed. Although 420 g ha-1metribuzin did not affect seedling emergence or root length, emerged seedlings were severely damaged when herbicide was incorporated to 5.0 cm. Trifluralin at 840 and 1680 g ai ha-1reduced emergence of low vigor seed when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 840 g ha-1did not affect seedling height or root length, but 1680 g ha-1reduced height of seedling from low and high vigor seed by 86 and 66% when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 1680 g ha-1reduced shoot dry weight of both types of seedlings only at the 5.0-cm incorporation depth.
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Hoque, MN, MZ Islam, ANM Ibna Sina, S. Singh, and TR Budha. "Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes on Different Growth Stages of Rice." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 13, no. 1-2 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v13i1-2.60689.
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Effect of red and blue light on seed germination and seedling growth were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice seeds were germinated in dark (control) and two types of light emitting-diodes (LED): red and green in the laboratory. The photoperiod of 6 h light and 18 h dark for LEDs treatment and 24h dark treatments with 24/18 ± 2 °C day/night temperature and 78± 2 % relative humidity were maintained in the growth room. Seed germination percentage under red light increased significantly when compared with the control; however, in blue light, germination percent decreased with little difference. First leaf length, first leaf blade length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight increased under red and blue lights in most of the varieties. Highest germination (98%), longest root (8.18 cm) and high seedling fresh weight (0.527 g) and seedling dry weight (0.061g) in BRRIdhan71 and longest leaf in BRRIdhan75, were recorded under red light. Highest germination (96%), seedling fresh weight (0.414g) and seedling dry weight (0.047g) in BRRIdhan71, longest first leaf (6.50 cm) in BRRIdhan75 and longest root (9.37 cm) in BRRIdhan87 were recorded under blue light. First leaf blade showed only positive correlation with root length (r = 0.489), whereas seedling fresh weight showed complete correlation with seedling dry weight (r =1). Response index was positive in root length, seedling fresh and dry weight under red light. First leaf blade length, seedling fresh and dry weight had the positive response index under blue light. Within the visible spectrum, varying wave lengths of red and blue light alone altered the growth and morphology of rice seedlings, and variable reactions to illumination depended on the rice varieties, necessitating further research.
 Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 56-62, 2020
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Buraczyk, Włodzimierz, and Magdalena Kapuścińska. "Effects of pruning of vertical roots on growth of one-year Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings in the first year after transplanting." Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A - Forestry 52(1) (March 1, 2010): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30616.
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The research was carried out in 2006 within the area of forest nursery in Okalewo, the Forest Inspectorate Skrwilno (Central Poland, at 53º02´N, 19º23´E). The aim of the study was to determine the effects of root pruning in one-year Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) on their growth after transplanting. The vertical roots of one-year Scots pine seedlings were pruned to the length of 5, 10, 15 i 20 cm and measured. The scope of measurements included: stem length and thickness, total root length, root length within thickness classes, surface root area, root volume as well as the number of root tips and ramifications. The measurements of root systems were performed with the use of a scanner and WinRhizo software. The seedlings were transplanted and were growing in the nursery all through the vegetation season 2006. In October of this year the seedlings were lifted from the ground and measured again at the same scope. Reiterated measurements allowed evaluation of increment characteristics after transplanting. The results indicated negative impacts of intensive root pruning before transplantation on seedling survival rates. Severe pruning of seedling vertical roots had negative effects on increment gained by both above- and underground seedling parts. Pruning roots to 5 cm of length significantly decreased pine seedling survival rate of. On the other hand, 20 cm long roots have no significant effects on seedling survival and increment but they can cause difficulties in seedling nursery cultivation.
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Seadh, S. E., M. A. Badawi, M. A. Abdel-Moneamand, and M. M. E. Borham. "Germination and Seedling Parameters of Wheat as Affected by Storage Conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 904, no. 1 (2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/904/1/012035.
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Abstract A storage experiment was carried out from 27th April to 27thDecember, 2019 to study the effect of storage conditions i.e. methods (open air, under sunshade and in stores), packages type (normal, gunny, polyethylene and metal containers) and periods of seeds fumigation with phosphine (15, 30 and 45 days) on germination and seedling parameters of wheat. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with four replications. Stored wheat seeds under sunshade produced the highest values of final germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, plumule length, radical length, seedling vigor index and seedlings dry weight, followed by stored wheat seeds in stores. The highest germination index, mean germination time, plumule and radical lengths, seedling vigor index and seedlings dry weight were recorded in the samples of wheat seeds sealed stored in metal containers, followed by normal stored in gunny packages. The highest percentage of final germination was obtained by normal stored in gunny packages, followed by sealing storage in metal containers. The highest final germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, plumule length, radical length, seedling vigor index and seedlings dry weight and the lowest abnormal seedlings percentage, rotten and sold seeds percentages, speed germination index, co-efficient of germination and germination energy percentage were recorded when treated with phosphine at the rate of 3 tablets/m3after 15 days from beginning the storage. This study recommended that stored wheat seeds under sunshade in metal packages and treating with phosphine at the rate of 3 tablets/m3 after 15 days from beginning the storage to enhance germination and seedlings parameter of wheat under the environmental conditions of Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.
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KR, Reshmi Raj, Gopala Krishnan S, Arun Kumar MB, and VP Bansal. "Influence of differential root and shoot growth rate on seedling vigour index in rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, no. 3 (2022): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.7.
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Early seedling vigour is an important trait in direct seeded rice which determines the growth and yield. It is a complex trait and is found to be associated with germination and seedling growth. The rice genotypes, BPT 5204 and PB 1850-27 were screened for early seedling vigour traits and the data was recorded on germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight. The seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II were calculated for both the genotypes. It was observed that seedling vigour index I and II was found higher in PB 1850-27 as compared to BPT 5204. The principal component analysis was done to study differential root and shoot growth rate in F1 plants with parents. It was observed that growth rate in F1 seedlings was found higher than both the parents. The root growth in F1 plants resemble BPT 5204 during initial days of germination, while shoot growth pattern exhibited similarity only with PB 1850-27. The F2 population exhibited segregation for mean root and shoot length.
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Boligon, Alexandra Augusti, Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio, Sidinei José Lopes, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, and Danton Camacho Garcia. "Wheat seedling emergence estimated from seed analysis." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 3 (2011): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000300010.
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There are various vigor tests for the evaluation of seeds physiological quality, however, few studies correlate this tests with plants emergency. This study aimed at identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed analysis variables that best predict seedling emergence. Wheat seeds (CEP 30 cultivar) were divided into two batches, one initially subjected to the accelerated ageing process and forming the low-quality batch, and the other, without application of the accelerated ageing process, to compose a high-quality batch. The following seed test variables were evaluated: (i) percentage of normal seedlings in the germination tests, (ii) initial germination counting, (iii) accelerated ageing, (iv) cold test without soil, (v) germination speed index, and (vi) emergence of seedlings in sand after seven and 15 days. The following seedling characteristics were evaluated: root and shoot lengths, total length, and dry mass of the root and shoot. The characteristics evaluated for the seedlings were subjected to path analysis and the seed tests variables to stepwise multiple regression analysis, taking seedling emergence at seven days as the response variable. Factor analysis was also carried out on all variables. Dry mass of the shoot and root length presented the best correlation with seedling emergence for the high-quality batch, but this behavior was not observed for any variable in the low-quality batch. Accelerated ageing was the best seedling emergence estimator for both batches of the used cultivar.
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DIAS, MARCOS ALTOMANI NEVES, VITOR HENRIQUE VAZ MONDO, SILVIO MOURE CICERO, NAYARA ROBERTO GONÇALVES, and CIBELE APARECIDA TEIXEIRA DA SILVA. "VIGOR TESTS ASSOCIATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PRECISE AND EFFICIENT ASSESSMENT OF MAIZE SEED QUALITY." Revista Caatinga 28, no. 3 (2015): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252015v28n311rc.
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to associate two concepts of seed vigor testing, the aging and seedling growth using image analysis, providing a feasible and time-saving way to evaluate maize seed vigor in large scale. For this purpose, five seed lots with different vigor levels from two single hybrids were used. The seeds were characterized by moisture content, germination, seedling emergence, seedling emergence speed index, accelerated aging and cold tests. The treatments were composed by varying the accelerated aging periods (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96h) and seedling growth periods (48 and 72h), before submitting the seedlings to image analysis for seedling root length measurement. Considering the results obtained, the adaptation of accelerated aging test by reducing the aging duration from 96h to 48h, and the replacement of the germination test by seedling root length measurement using image analysis could be considered a potential tool for maize seed vigor assessment. The treatments composed of 48h of seed aging followed by seedlings root length measurements using image analysis provided reliable data, compared to traditional vigor tests and it could be considered an efficient and time-saving approach, associating two different concepts of seed vigor analysis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling length"
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Brunes, André Pich. "Desenvolvimento de software para processamento de imagem de plântulas de trigo e arroz." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3363.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-09<br>Sem bolsa<br>A determinação do comprimento e/ou a área de órgãos da plântula em desenvolvimento é amplamente utilizada para avaliação do vigor de sementes. Em vista de efetuar estes testes de modo eficiente, preciso e de baixo custo, objetivou-se desenvolver um software para o processamento de imagens digitais. O trabalho foi conduzido em laboratório didático de análise de sementes e canteiros de cultivo da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel – Universidade Federal de Pelotas, utilizando sementes de trigo das cultivares TBIO Itaipu, BRS Guamirim, TBIO Pioneiro e TBIO Mestre e de arroz das cultivares Irga 424, Puitá inta CL, BRS Esmeralda, SCS 116, Guri Inta CL, BRS Pampa, BRSGO Serra Dourada e INIA Olimar, constituindo dois experimentos em esquema unifatorial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. No primeiro experimento a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de trigo foi determinada pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz aferidos com régua graduada e comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz obtidos por processamento de imagens. No segundo experimento, além dos testes citados, realizou-se a determinação de área da folha e de raiz nas plântulas de arroz. Os dados foram analisados quanto à normalidade pelo teste de Shapiro-wilk, e submetidos a análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade. As variáveis resposta foram correlacionadas pelo teste de Pearson e as metodologias de determinação do comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz através de medição com régua graduada e por processamento de imagem foram comparadas através do teste F a 95% de probabilidade. Para comparação de médias entre as cultivares utilizou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os comprimentos de parte aérea e de raiz de plântulas de trigo determinados por processamento de imagens em ferramenta matemática Matlab® são eficientes para separar as sementes em níveis de vigor de forma similar às avaliações rotineiramente utilizadas para essa finalidade. As determinações de comprimento de parte aérea, comprimento de raiz e área foliar de plântulas obtida por processamento de imagem digital é eficaz para avaliação do vigor de sementes de arroz.<br>The determination of the length and / or area of the seedling developing organs are widely used to evalueate seed vigor. In view of performing these tests efficiently, accurate and inexpensive we aim to develop a image processing software. The experiment was developed in Didatic laboratory of seeds analysis located in the municipality of Capão do Leão (RS) using seeds of four weath cultivars: TBIO Itaipu, BRS Guamirim, TBIO Pioneiro e TBIO Mestre, and rice seeds of eight cultivars, namely: Irga 424, PUITA Inta CL, BRS Esmeralda, SCS 116, Guri Inta CL, BRS Pampa, BRSGO Serra Dourada and INIA Olimar. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications, constituting an experiment in one-factor scheme. In the first experiment the physiological quality of wheat seeds was determined by germination, first count of germination, accelerated aging, shoot length and root length measured with graduated scale and shoot length and root length obtained by image processing. In the second experiment, in addition to the aforementioned tests, we determine leaf area and root area in rice seedlings Data were analyzed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and analysis of variance by F test at 5% probability. The response variables were correlated using the Pearson test, and the methodologies for determining the length of shoot and root through measurement with graduated scale and image processing were compared using the F test at 95% probability. To compare means between cultivars used the Tukey test at 5% probability. The length of shoot and root of wheat seedlings determined through image processing in Matlab® mathematical tool are efficient to separate cultivars in vigor levels similar to the assessments routinely used for this purpose way. Measurements of shoot lenght and root length, leaf area and root area of seedling obtained through the seedling digital image processing is effective to evaluate the vigor of rice seeds.
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Koscielny, Chadwick Bruce. "The effect of seedling root length on seed yield in Brassica napus L." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5014.
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The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between seedling root length and seed yield in spring canola. Field and growth room experiments were conducted using the same eight genotypes. In the field experiment, root length and root area had a strong positive relationship to seed yield with R2 values at the 1-2 leaf stage of 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. Shoot dry weight had a strong positive relationship to seed yield at the cotyledon stage, with an R2 of 0.99. In the growth room, root length was compared to short- and long-term seed yield. The R2 values when root length was compared to short- and long-term seed yield were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively.
Books on the topic "Seedling length"
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Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.
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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecological techniques, based upon the annual variability of tree rings, are commonly used to analyze the disturbance histories of old-growth stands. Dendroecological methods make it possible to reconstruct the stand history over several centuries in the past by analyzing the frequency, intensity, duration and spatial scale of disturbances causing the death of trees. Combining the dendroecological techniques with the detailed measurements of stand structure, snag volume, CWD volume, and the analyses of regeneration species composition and structure allows us to identify the factors responsible for the changes in dynamics of mixed mountain forests. Various disturbance agents affect some species selectively, while some disturbances promote the establishment of tree seedlings of specific species by modifying environmental conditions. Describing the disturbance regime requires a broad scope of data on stand structure, on dead wood and tree regeneration, while various factors affecting all the stages of tree growth should be taken into consideration. On the basis of the already published data from permanent sample plots, combined with the available disturbance history analyses from the Western Carpathians, three research hypotheses were formulated. 1. The species composition of mixed mountain forests has been changing for at least several decades. These directional changes are the consequence of simultaneous conifer species decline and expansion of beech. 2. The observed changes in species composition of mixed mountain forests are the effect of indirect anthropogenic influences, significantly changing tree growth conditions also in the forests that are usually considered natural or near-natural. Cumulative impact of these indirect influences leads to the decrease of fir share in the tree layer (spruce decline has also been observed recently),and it limits the representation of this species among seedlings and saplings. The final effect is the decrease of fir and spruce share in the forest stands. 3. Small disturbances, killing single trees or small groups of trees, and infrequent disturbances of medium size and intensity dominate the disturbance regime in mixed mountain forests. The present structure of beech-fir-spruce forests is shaped both by complex disturbance regime and indirect anthropogenic influences. The data were gathered in permanent sample plots in strictly protected areas of Babia Góra, Gorce, and Tatra National Parks, situated in the Western Carpathians. All plots were located in the old-growth forest stands representing Carpathian beech forest community. The results of the measurements of trees, snags, coarse woody debris (CWD) and tree regeneration were used for detailed description of changes in the species composition and structure of tree stands. Tree ring widths derived from increment cores were used to reconstruct the historical changes in tree growth trends of all main tree species, as well as the stand disturbance history within the past two to three hundred years. The analyses revealed complex disturbance history in all of the three forest stands. Intermediate disturbances of variable intensity occurred, frequently separated by the periods of low tree mortality lasting from several decades up to over one hundred years. The intervals between the disturbances were significantly shorter than the expected length of forest developmental cycle, in commonly used theories describing the dynamics of old-growth stands. During intermediate disturbances up to several dozen percent of canopy trees were killed. There were no signs of stand-replacing disturbances, killing all or nearly all of canopy trees. The periods of intense tree mortality were followed by subsequent periods of increased sapling recruitment. Variability in disturbance intensity is one of the mechanisms promoting the coexistence of beech and conifer species in mixed forests. The recruitment of conifer saplings depended on the presence of larger gaps, resulting from intermediate disturbances, while beech was more successful in the periods of low mortality. However, in the last few decades, beech seems to benefit from the period of intense fir mortality. This change results from the influence of long-term anthropogenic disturbances, affecting natural mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of different tree species and change natural disturbance regimes. Indirect anthropogenic influence on tree growth was clearly visible in the gradual decrease of fir increments in the twentieth century, resulting from the high level of air pollution in Europe. Synchronous decreases of fir tree rings’ widths were observed in all three of the sample plots, but the final outcomes depended on the fir age. In most cases, the damage to the foliage limited the competitive abilities of fir, but it did not cause a widespread increase in tree mortality, except for the oldest firs in the BGNP (Babia Góra National Park) plot. BGNP is located in the proximity of industrial agglomeration of Upper Silesia, and it could be exposed to higher level of air pollution than the other two plots. High level of fir regeneration browsing due to the deer overabundance and insufficient number of predators is the second clear indication of the indirect anthropogenic influence on mixed mountain forests. Game impact on fir regeneration is the most pronounced in Babia Góra forests, where fir was almost completely eliminated from the saplings. Deer browsing seems to be the main factor responsible for limiting the number of fir saplings and young fir trees, while the representation of fir among seedlings is high. The experiments conducted in fenced plots located in the mixed forests in BGNP proved that fir and sycamore were the most preferred by deer species among seedlings and saplings. In GNP (Gorce National Park) and TNP (Tatra National Park), the changes in species composition of tree regeneration are similar, but single firs or even small groups of firs are present among saplings. It seems that all of the analysed mixed beech-fir-spruce forests undergo directional changes, causing a systematic decrease in fir representation, and the expansion of beech. This tendency results from the indirect anthropogenic impact, past and present. Fir regeneration decline, alongside with the high level of spruce trees’ mortality in recent years, may lead to a significant decrease in conifers representation in the near future, and to the expansion of beech forests at the cost of mixed ones.
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Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.
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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.
Book chapters on the topic "Seedling length"
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Kapoor, Riti Thapar. "Effect of Calcium Silicate Supplementation on the Growth of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L. Variety Hisar Sonali Under Saline Conditions." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_21.
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AbstractSalinity is a major abiotic stress which decreases crop productivity. Salt stress also causes osmotic, water, ionic and oxidative stresses. Plants exposure to salt can check their growth by reduction in water and nutrient uptake, osmotic imbalance and cytotoxicity incited by sodium and chloride ions. Present study deals with the impact of salt on germination, growth and physiological components of fenugreek and its alleviation by the application of calcium silicate. The salt stress reduced fenugreek germination and growth but supplementation of calcium silicate to salt stressed seedlings mitigated deleterious impacts of salinity. Various parameters like germination, seedling length, biomass, pigment and protein contents of fenugreek seedlings were significantly improved with calcium silicate under salt stress. Maximum reduction 53.3% in protein amount was recorded in fenugreek seedlings treated with NaCl (10 mM) over control. Significant increase in total antioxidant content in fenugreek seedlings was observed with calcium silicate as it showed the following order: Ca2SiO4 > NaCl + Ca2SiO4 > NaCl > Control. Hence, application of calcium silicate can be useful for the fenugreek plants growing under saline conditions.
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Gatica-Arias, Andrés, and César Vargas-Segura. "Chemical Mutagenesis of Coffee Seeds (Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí) Using NaN3." In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_13.
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AbstractCoffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most important crops in the world and one of the main export products in several developing countries. Coffee is a perennial crop threatened by multiple, serious diseases and pests. Induced mutagenesis of seeds is widely used for increasing the genetic diversity and improvement of annual seed crops and could equally be applied to Arabica coffee breeding and genetic studies. Here we describe protocols to induce genetic variability in Arabica coffee seeds through mutagenesis using sodium azide (NaN3). Methods for NaN3 chemical toxicity testing and bulk irradiation are described. Briefly, the coffee seeds were immersed for 4, 8 and 12 hours in a NaN3 solution at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100mM). Two controls were used: one with distilled water and the other with the phosphate buffer (KH2PO4). Effects of the chemical mutagen on seed germination, seedling height, and root length were evaluated. As the concentration of applied NaN3 increased, the germination, seedling height, and root length decreased. Eight hours exposure was determined as an adequate immersion time. The LD50 values for NaN3 were between 50–75 mM. Our results indicate that NaN3 is an effective mutagen for Arabica coffee seeds and can be applied to coffee breeding and to study gene function in coffee.
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Das, Priyanka, Rajeev N. Bahuguna, Rohit Joshi, Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek, and Ashwani Pareek. "In search of mutants for gene discovery and functional genomics for multiple stress tolerance in rice." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0045.
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Abstract Mutation breeding is a commanding tool, which has been adapted to generate altered genetic material to study functional genomics, including understanding the molecular basis of stress tolerance. Hitherto, several rice lines have been generated through mutagenesis and the mutated genes responsible for the 'gain of function' in terms of plant architecture, stress tolerance, disease resistance and grain quality have been characterized. Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64 is a high-yielding rice cultivar but sensitive to abiotic stresses such as acute temperatures, salinity and drought. In this study, a population of rice IR64 mutants was generated using gamma irradiation. The population was then subjected to a preliminary phenotypic screening under abiotic stresses such as heat and salinity at the seedling stage. On the basis of root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll measurements, we identified eight 'gain-of-function' mutant lines and used them for further biochemical and molecular characterization. Phenotyping results demonstrated that the identified mutant plants have gained the potential to thrive under heat and salinity conditions. This information would be of wide scientific interest and helpful for developing novel cultivars able to maintain yield in saline, hot and dry areas.
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Céspedes, Reina, Noel Arrieta, Miguel Barquero, Ana Abdelnour, Nielen Stephan, and Ingelbretch Ivan. "Determination of radiosensitivity of Coffea arabica var. 'Venecia' seeds to gamma-ray irradiation." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0033.
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Abstract Coffee is one of the most commercially available raw materials, being the tropical product with the highest market value in the world. In Costa Rica it is the third most important product for agricultural exports and provides the main income for many families in the country. However, coffee is under threat due to coffee leaf rust disease (CLR). Mutation breeding in coffee is a promising approach to develop new varieties resistant to CLR. As a new technology for coffee, basic tests related to mutation induction need to be done. The plant material used was Coffea arabica var. 'Venecia' seeds, with a moisture content of 27.3%. The applied irradiation doses were 0, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 Gy. For each treatment, three replicates of 200 g were used, with a seed number range of 765-808 units per replicate. The irradiated seeds were planted on the same day. Eighty days after treatment the number of seedlings was quantified, the hypocotyl height and radicle length were measured and the opening of cotyledons was determined for each dose. The effects of the radiation doses on seed germination frequency were recorded. At the dose of 80 Gy, germination was reduced over the control by 9.65%, at 100 Gy by 34.06%, at 120 Gy by 52.76%, at 140 Gy by 60.24%, at 160 Gy by 65.56% and at 180 Gy by 75.40%. Seedling growth was affected and a delay in opening of the cotyledons was observed at higher doses. This radiosensitivity test, based on seed germination as compared with unirradiated control, revealed that the LD<sub>50</sub> for the variety tested is in the range 100-120 Gy experimentally, and according to the regression is 125 ± 30 Gy. This dose will be used for further bulk experiments and is of great importance, because the LD<sub>50</sub> is considered as the range where the appearance of useful mutations in breeding programmes is favoured. The establishment of these parameters is a necessary advance to continue with measurements of genetic and phenotypical parameters to implement mutation breeding in coffee looking for new sources of resistance against CLR.
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Poswal, M. A. T. "Survival of Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Malvacearum and Performance of Seedlings from Commercially Ginned Cottonseed as Influenced by Length of Storage." In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_155.
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El Rhoch, Mohamed, Soukaina Maazouzi, Najoua Mouden, et al. "Trichoderma Use as Seed Treatment for Promoting the Growth of Young Argan Seedlings." In Obstacles Facing Hydrogen Green Systems and Green Energy. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8980-5.ch031.
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Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. has shown to enhance plant growth and alleviate abiotic stress, but its application on endemic species, such as argan (Argania spinosa), remains underexplored. This study investigates the effect of a Trichoderma spp. bioformulation on argan seedling growth under greenhouse conditions over 12 months. Significant improvements were observed in treated seedlings, including increased length, dry matter of both root and shoot, and branch number. Root and vegetative fresh weights reached 12 g and 14 g, respectively, compared to 2 g and 3 g in control plants. Additionally, root and vegetative lengths were 44 cm and 74 cm, respectively, outperforming control seedlings at 35 cm and 25 cm. Treated seedlings also showed a higher number of branches and crown diameter, with survival and colonization rates of Trichoderma spp. in root tissues reaching 95%. These results suggest that Trichoderma spp. seed treatment can significantly promote the growth and development of young argan seedlings.
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Turgut, Aslihan Cesur, and Kudret Kabar. "THE EFFECTS OF LEAD AND ZINC STRESS ON SOME ANATOMIC PROPERTIES OF BARLEY AND RADISH LEAVES." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 7. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcag7p1ch19.
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In this work, the effects of various concentrations of zinc and lead on the various anatomical particularities of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Tarm) and white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedling leaves are examined. Seedlings were grown for 21 days in a growth chamber under conditions of 25±1ºC constant temperature, continuous fluorescent light (8.000 lux), and 60%±5 moisture. In some anatomical investigations of leaf anatomy, the number of stomata, stomatal index, and width and length of stomata parameters of barley seedlings often gave similar responses to heavy metals. The numbers of stomata on almost all the leaf surfaces in zinc and lead mediums, except the lower surface of the leaf in zinc medium, were usually fluctuating compared to the control. Both heavy metals caused a decrease in the stomatal index on both upper and lower surfaces. When compared to the control, zinc and lead caused changes in the width and length of the stoma, except for the length of the leaf stoma in zinc media and the lower surface and other leaf surfaces. In zinc and lead mediums, the mentioned parameters of radish seedlings behaved differently than those of barley. For example, in zinc media, the number of stomata on the lower surfaces decreased, but it changed on the upper surfaces and went up after 4 mM in lead media. In zinc media, the stomatal index decreased on both surfaces, but it changed. The width of the stoma, which generally decreased in zinc medium, fluctuated in the presence of lead on both surfaces. While the length of the stoma in zinc medium fluctuated on the upper surface, it usually increased on the lower surface. The length of the stoma in the presence of lead, a reduction in the upper surface, and a fluctuation in the lower surface were observed. The only common effect of zinc was that it reduced the stomatal index of both species on the lower and upper surfaces. The numbers’, widths, and lengths of the epidermis cells, leaf thickness, and distance between vascular bundles gave similar responses to zinc and lead mediums in both species. While heavy metals led to an increase in the epidermis cells on the upper surfaces of both species, they caused an increase in barley and a decrease in radish’s lower surface. The lengths of epidermis cells were decreased on both surfaces of both species by the effects of the heavy metals. While decreases in epidermis cell length were observed in both species in zinc medium, fluctuations were observed in lead medium, except for the length of epidermis cells on barley’s upper surface. While both heavy metals caused a decrease in leaf thickness in barley, they generally led to fluctuating results in radish leaves. Both species’ distances between vascular bundles gave similar responses to zinc and lead, and they decreased.
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Alves, Adriana Ursulino, and Edson de Almeida Cardoso. "Influence of different conventional and alternative substrates on sombro seed germination." In DEVELOPMENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/devopinterscie-123.
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Germination is a factor of great importance in the production of forest seedlings, being correlated, normally, with the type of substrate, as well as the quality of the seed and the climatic conditions to which it is submitted. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of conventional and alternative substrates on the germination of seeds of Clitoria fairchildiana (sombrero). The work was carried out at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Department of Engineering at the Federal University of Piauí, in the municipality of Bom Jesus - PI. The design used was completely randomized, totaling 10 treatments (T1 - bovine manure; T2 - vermiculite; T3 - washed sand; T4- bioplant ® ; T5 - buriti wood; using 100% of each material; T6 - vermiculite + bioplant ® ; T7 - washed sand + vermiculite; T8 - bioplant ® + washed sand; T9 - bovine manure + buriti wood; using mixtures (50% + 50%); and T10 - washed sand + buriti wood + bovine manure (20% + 40% + 40), with four replicates. Germination (% GERM), first germination count (% PC), germination speed index (IVG), length and dry mass of seedlings were evaluated. The collected data were submitted to the analysis of variance using the ASSISTAT statistical program and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. Treatment T9 promoted a higher percentage of germination and IVG, being indicated for the germination of sombrero seeds. greater initial germination, as well as greater seedling length.
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Vizotto, Danielly Lima, Monallysa Soares de Sá, Nicolas Oliveira de Araújo, Carlos Cicinato Vieira Melo, Ana Izabella Freire, and Filipe Bittencourt Machado de Souza. "OPTIMIZATION OF COTTON SEED DEVELOPMENT WITH COMMERCIAL INOCULANT." In Roots of the Future: Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.032-009.
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Cotton is a crop of great economic importance. Improving germination and initial vigor of seedlings can result in higher productivity and quality of the cotton produced. To achieve high productivity in most crops, mineral fertilizers are used, thus increasing production costs and environmental impacts. The use of Azospirillum brasilense can potentially increase resource use efficiency, leading to more robust and healthier crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ideal dose of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense in the germination of cotton seeds of the cultivar TMG22 GLTP. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC), and the cotton cultivar used will be TMG22 GLTP. Sowing took place in Styrofoam trays with 2 seeds per cell. The substrate used consisted of coarse sand and Topstrato in a 1:1 ratio. The evaluations took place up to 7 days after the emergency. The variables analyzed were: seedling length and germination percentage.
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Chaudhuri, Subhamita, Punarbasu Chaudhuri, and Raktima Ghosh. "The Impact of Embankments on the Geomorphic and Ecological Evolution of the Deltaic Landscape of the Indo-Bangladesh Sundarbans." In River Deltas - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94163.
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The deltaic landscape of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta has evolved through a complex interplay of geomorphic processes and tidal dynamics coupled with the anthropogenic modifications brought over in course of the reclamation of the islands since the late 18th century. The reclamation process was characterized by clearing lands for paddy farms and fish ponds by building a mesh of earthen embankments along creek banks to restrict saltwater intrusion. The length of the embankments in the Indian Sundarbans alone is 3638 km (World Bank, 2014) which altered the tidal inundation regimes, sediment accretion and geomorphic character of the deltaic inlets. The mean annual sedimentation rate (2.3 cm y−1) in the central Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is over two times higher than sedimentation within the natural intertidal setting of the Sundarbans (Rogers et al., 2017). The tidal range has also increased inland due to polder construc¬tion, with high water levels within the polder zone increasing as much as 1.7 cm y−1 (Pethick and Orford, 2013). Embankments have impacted on the biodiversity and physiological adaptations of mangroves within the sphere of tidal ingression, habitat fragmentation and seedling establishment. The chapter attempts to reappraise the impact of dykes on the geomorphology of the deltaic landscape and on the functionalities of mangrove forests.
Conference papers on the topic "Seedling length"
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Dumbadze, Guguli, Lasha Mikeladze, Narguli Asanidze, Nargiz Alasania, and Vakhtang Kobalia. "LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF BACTOFERT-L BODEN�S EFFECT ON CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS UNDER SALINE STRESS." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s24.11.
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The increasing interest in biostimulants as sustainable solutions for agriculture has been widely documented in high-impact scientific literature. Biostimulants are recognized for their ability to promote plant growth, enhance nutrient uptake, and increase resilience to environmental stress. This study researches the effects of the newly developed Georgian biostimulant BactoFert�L Boden on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus) under various saline stress conditions. Soil salinization is a critical issue affecting global agricultural productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory setting, where cucumber seedlings were exposed to saline solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na?SO?) at concentrations of 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2, and 1.4%. Following the GOST-54221-2010 methodology, the research evaluated the biostimulant's impact on seedling growth, focusing on parameters such as stem length, leaf surface area, and biomass accumulation. The results demonstrated that BactoFert�L Boden significantly enhanced seedling growth in solutions with moderate salinity (0.2%�0.8%), leading to increased stem length, root development, and overall biomass. However, at higher salinity levels (1.0%�1.4%), the saline conditions proved toxic, inhibiting plant growth despite the application of the biostimulant. The study highlights the potential of BactoFert�L Boden as an effective solution for improving plant resilience to salinity stress in environments with low to moderate salinity. While BactoFert�L Boden shows promise in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity, its effectiveness is limited in environments with high salinity concentrations. Further research is recommended to assess its applicability across various plant species and environmental conditions.
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Melian, Lolita, Liudmila Corlateanu, Victoria Mihailă, and Doina Cutitaru. "Evaluarea potenţialului de păstrare a seminţelor mostrelor din colecţia de Triticum durum L." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.17.
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The test of accelerated aging of seeds (AAS) was applied on 7 genotypes of durum wheat, and the morphophysiological parameters of seeds and seedlings, such as dynamics of seed germination, length of seedling roots, fresh and dry biomass of seedlings, were investigated. The genotypic features of collection samples of durum wheat were identified after exposure to stress factors (high temperature and humidity). Such a grouping of genotypes according to their potential ability to preserve the viability of seeds is an important complex characteristic of collection samples when they are placed for long-term storage in a plant gene bank.
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Momčilović, Jovana, Dragana Jakovljević, Milica Kanjevac, and Biljana Bojović. "FIZIOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE RASTENJA PŠENICE (Triticum aestivum L.) U USLOVIMA IN VITRO." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.503m.
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This study aimed to examine the effect of different media - Murashige Skoog (MS) and Gamborg (B5) on the growth and development of in vitro seedling cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The effects were evaluated through the measurement of root and shoot length, fresh and dry mass, as well as through the determination of the concentration of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids). The obtained data indicate that MS has better effects on the growth and development of wheat seedlings, since longer shoot length, and better fresh weight were observed on seedlings from this type of media. Additionally, higher chlorophyll b concentration and lower carotenoid concentration were measured in wheat leaves grown on MS medium. It can be concluded that MS is more suitable for establishing the initial in vitro culture of wheat compared to the B5 medium.
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Tyutyunnikova, E. M., M. A. Sanin, and T. V. Plotnikova. "THE EFFECT OF BIOREGULATOR REGOPLANT ON TOBACCO PRODUCTIVITY DURING THE SEEDING AND FIELD PERIODS." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-249-254.
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We studied the effect of the growth regulator Regoplant on the mass of seedlings, the quality of seedlings and the productivity of tobacco. Soaking tobacco seeds before sowing in a 0.0001 % solution of the preparation at an exposure of 6 hours, and then spraying the plants at the stage of “auricles” and “seedling ready for planting” with a working solution of an agrochemical with a 0.00001 % concentration significantly improved the quality of seedlings. This technique increases the length of tobacco seedlings to the apical point by 66 %, to the end of elongated leaves by 29 %, the mass of stems by 53 %, the mass of roots by 32 %, the diameter of the stem by 38 %. After planting the plants in the field, developed under the influence of the Regoplant stimulator, we noted an increase in productivity by 16 % and an improvement in the quality of raw materials due to an increase in carbohydrates and a decrease in proteins. The economic effect against the background of the application of Regoplant preparation amounted to 106 thousand rubles.
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Ida Bagus Komang, Mahardika, Sulistiawati Ni Putu Anom, and Astiari Ni Komang Alit. "Applying of length shoots to Determine the Success of Grafting to Effort Supplying of Citrus Plant Seedling." In Proceedings of the 1st Warmadewa Research and Development Seminar (WARDS),30 October 2018, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-10-2018.2281458.
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Kreis, Kevin F., and Sangjin Ryu. "Automated Mini-Channel Platform for Studying Plant Root Environments." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65493.
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Abstract Plants are crucial to our lives because they provide us with building materials, oxygen, and food. A season’s crop yield can be significantly affected by local environmental factors. In particular, improving fundamental understanding of plant root interactions with their local soil environment, or rhizosphere, will help improve crop yield. Studying such interactions is challenging because roots are underground, making it difficult to observe interactions and to manipulate the local soil environment. The goal of this study was to develop an automated mini-channel platform to investigate how plant roots respond to changes in their environment using corn as a model plant. Considering the size of corn seedling roots, mini-channel devices were fabricated in soft lithography using master molds produced with a 3D printer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Our use of a 3D printer instead of photolithography allowed for a broader range of PDMS mold designs, such as including embedded rubber gaskets built into the mold. Then, corn seedlings were grown inside the transparent mini-channel devices, and they were found to consume an observable amount of nitrate over time. Image processing was employed to measure the contour length of the roots for quantitative characterization of root growth. Then, an automated platform was developed to measure the growth rate of the corn seedling roots and the consumed nitrate over time. The automated platform maintained the level of growth medium in the channel device, and was equipped with a digital camera to image the root growing in the channel, electrochemical sensors to measure changes in nitrate concentration in the channel, and sensors to measure temperature and humidity. Therefore, the platform could automatically measure root growth while simultaneously measuring root environment. The platform’s adaptable design, simple fabrication, and low cost make it simple to replicate and use to study different plants and environmental stimuli.
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Hernandez-Vizuet, M., A. Michtchenko, and O. Budagovskaya. "Modification of the germination and the total length of wheat seedling by an infrared-continuous wave semiconductor laser." In 2012 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2012.6421174.
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Dumbadze, Guguli, Roza Lortkipanidze, Nunu Chachkhiani-Anasashvili, Nargiza Alasania, and Lali Jgenti. "RESEARCH RESULTS ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF NEW GEORGIAN PLANT GROWTH BIOSTIMULANTS � BACTOFERT-L BLATT, BACTOFERT-L BODEN, AND BACTOFERT �L Si." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.047.
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The significance of organic plant growth stimulants, in the development of sustainable agriculture and increasing the fertility of degraded soils has sparked the interest of scientists and practitioners working in the field of agriculture in recent decades. On the world market, there are numerous plant growth biostimulants of various origins and compositions, as well as numerous research analyzing their impacts and roles. The study aimed to determine the novel biological activity of the new Georgian biostimulants Bactofert-L Blatt, Bactofert-L Boden, and Bactofert-L Si, which were developed by "Geofert" LTD. For this reason, Cucumber seedlings were obtained, and their growth intensity was studied according to root and stem length, leaf assimilation surface, and seedling mass under the action of 0.15 percent solution of biostimulants in laboratory conditions. Other biostimulators of Georgian and foreign origin available on the Georgian market were also included in the study to examine the biological activity of biopreparations.The research was carried out using the GOST-54221-2010 technique. In comparison to the control variant and other experimental stimulants, studies have shown that all three Georgian bio preparations - Bactofert-L Blatt, Bactofert-L Boden, and Bactofert-L Si - have strong biological activity. The best biostimulator for plant growth boosters has been determined as Bactofert-L Boden.
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Lupascu, Galina, and Svetlana Gavzer. "Variabilitatea şi heritabilitatea vigorii boabelor de grâu comun la interacţiunea cu Drechslera Sorokiniana." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.68.
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The article presents data on the effects of the interaction of common wheat with the fungus Drechslera sorokiniana on grain vigor. Its differentiated action on germination and seedling length (LP) was found. The vigor index (VI) depended more on LP (r = 0.90 *) than on the germination 278 level (r = 0.52 *, p≤0.05). The coefficient of heritability in the broad sense (h2) was 71.3% for LP and 60.1% – for VI. The association of h2 and genetic progress with high values reveals the pronounced contribution of additive genetic variance in the control of the vigor index, which offers increased opportunities in the selection of wheat plants resistant to this pathogen in restricted terms.
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Abass Hussein, Haifaa. "Studying the effect of some natural materials on the germination and growth of chickpea plant (cricer arietinum L.)." In X INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PURE AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress10-4.
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A laboratory experiment was carried out in one of the laboratories of the horticulture department, college of agriculture, Al-qadisiya university, during the spring season of the year 2023, with the aim using environmentally friendly natural materials instead of chemical fertilizers and studying their effect as fertilizer for chickpea plant (cricer arietinum L). Acomplete randomized design (CRD) was used with three replications and one factors, as the treatments included (T1 control distilled water, T2 banana peels fertilizer, T3 eggs shell fertilizer and T4 mixture of two fertilizers. Results showed that the treatment of the plant with mixture natural fertilizer gave agood result compared to the control treatment 100% ,while it gave the lowest germination rate when the control treatment 91.6 % without significant differences.The results were also the highest in the number of branching of the root of the seedling and in the same treatment 18.6 branch ,while the comparison treatment gave the lowest number of branch and reached 14.3 branch without significant differences .the length of the root stock and feather ,its dry weight and the strength of the seedling also had the highest rates when theT4 treatment reached 12.1 cm ,4cm ,0.299 mg .0.322 mg and 1.7000 respectively ,with significant differnces ,while the rates were lower when the control (T1 treatment )the comparison an ounted to 5.5 cm ,2.3 cm 0.142 mg 0.133 mg and 726.0 resectively
Reports on the topic "Seedling length"
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Sadka, Avi, Mikeal L. Roose, and Yair Erner. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Citric Acid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573071.bard.
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The acid content of the juice sac cells is a major determinant of maturity and fruit quality in citrus. Many citrus varieties accumulate acid in concentrations that exceed market desires, reducing grower income and consumer satisfaction. Pulp acidity is thought to be dependent on two mechanisms: the accumulation of citric acid in the vacuoles of the juice sac cells, and acidification of the vacuole. The major aim of the project was to direct effort toward understanding the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in the fruit. The following objectives were suggested: Measure the activity of enzymes likely to be involved in acid accumulation and follow their pattern of expression in developing fruit (Sadka, Erner). Identify and clone genes which are associated with high and low acid phenotypes and with elevated acid level (Roose, Sadka, Erner). Convert RAPD markers that map near a gene that causes low acid phenotype to specific co dominant markers (Roose). Use genetic co segregation to test whether specific gene products are responsible for low acid phenotype (Roose and Sadka). Objective 1 was fully achieved. Most of the enzymes of organic acid metabolism were cloned from lemon pulp. Their expression was studied during fruit development in low and high acid varieties. The activity and expression of citrate synthase, aconitase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were studied in detail. The role that each enzyme plays in acid accumulation and decline was evaluated. As a result, a better understanding of the metabolic changes that contribute to acid accumulation was achieved. It was found that the activity of the mitochondrial aconitase is greatly reduced early in high-acid fruits, but not in acidless ones, suggesting that this enzyme plays an important role in acid accumulation. In addition, it was demonstrated that increases in the cytosolic forms of aconitase and NADP-IDH towards fruit maturation play probably a major role in acid decline. Our studies also demonstrated that the two mechanisms that contribute to fruit acidity, vacuolar acidification and citric acid accumulation, are independent, although they are tightly co-regulated. Additional, we demonstrated that sodium arsenite, which reduce fruit acidity, causes a transient inhibition in the activity of citrate synthase, but an induction in the gene expression. This part of the work has resulted in 4 papers. Objective 3 was also fully achieved. Using bulked segregant analysis, three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were identified as linked to acitric, a gene controlling the acidless phenotype of pummelo 2240. One of them, which mapped 1.2 cM from acitric was converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR marker, and into co dominant restriction length polymorphism (RFLP) marker. These markers were highly polymorphic among 59 citrus accessions, and therefore, they should be useful for selecting seedling progeny heterozygous for acitric in nearly all crosses between pummelo 2240 and other citrus genotypes. This part of the project resulted in one paper. Objective 4 was also fully achieved. Clones isolated by the Israeli group were sent to the American laboratory for co segregation analysis. However, none of them seemed to co segregate with the low acid phenotype. Both laboratories invested much effort in achieving the goals of Objective 2, namely the isolation of genes that are elevated in expression in low and high acid phenotypes, and in tissue cultures treated with arsenite (a treatment which reduces fruit acidity). However, conventional differential display and restriction fragment differential display analyses could not identify any differentially expressed genes. The isolation of such genes was the major aim of a continuation project, which was recently submitted.
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Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.
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The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.
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Cherdshewasart, Wichai, Winai Dahlan, and Siriporn Chumruslertluk. The application of DNA demethylation in alteration of phenotypic, seed production, protein lipid content and fatty acid composition in soybean cultivar SJ. 5. Chulalongkorn University, 1999. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1999.33.
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To evaluate the demethylating effects of 5-azaC on the general phenotypes, protein content, oil content and fatty acid composition at the whole plant system, soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) var. SJ.5 have been submitted to 5-azaC treatment. In in vitro culture, seeds were cultured in MS media containing 5-azaC at the concentration of 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 micromolar for 10 days. The 5-azaC-treated seedlings exhibited normal morphology in comparison with the controls except that their height and root length were significantly shorter than that of the controls, and were dose dependent. The isolated genomic DNAs showed hypomethylation as compared with that of the controls. In the field culture, seeds were treated for 16 h with 5-azaC solution at 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 micromolar. The treatment induced tall plant and high node number, without apparently affecting any other developmental processes. Studies on the effects of 5-azaC on the protein and oil content revealed that the alteration in the average protein and oil content of treated seeds were dose independent. The highest protein and oil content were derived from the dosage of 1500 micromolar and 1200 micromolar, respectively. Furthermore, all fatty acid profiles remained unchanged. Genomic DNAs isolated from the selected phenotypes such as tall, high protein and high oil content showed no significant difference in the m[superscript 5]C content in comparison with DNAs from the control samples. The M[subscript 0] showed tall, short, high protein and high oil content and exhibited the inheritance of such phenotypes in the M[subscript 1] plants.
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Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.
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Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.