Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seedling pathogens

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling pathogens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling pathogens"

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García-Guzmán, Graciela, and Julieta Benítez-Malvido. "Effect of litter on the incidence of leaf-fungal pathogens and herbivory in seedlings of the tropical tree Nectandra ambigens." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 2 (2003): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003195.

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Effects of litter cover on insect herbivory, leaf-fungal damage, and seedling performance (survival, growth in height and leaf number), were assessed on established Nectandra ambigens seedlings in three sites of a Mexican tropical rain forest. Naturally occurring seedlings were measured for height, leaf number and standing levels of leaf damage by herbivores and pathogens. Thereafter, seedlings were exposed for 1 y to three litter treatments: (1) litter addition, (2) control and (3) continuous litter removal. There was a significant effect of site on the proportion of surviving seedlings and on the relative growth rates in terms of leaf number. Overall, seedlings with higher initial leaf number showed higher survival and produced more leaves after 12 mo than seedlings with lower initial leaf number. Litter addition resulted in seedlings with lower relative growth rates in height and higher levels of damage by herbivores and pathogens. On average, leaf area damaged by pathogens was < 6% and herbivory was < 27%. Seedlings with higher levels of herbivory showed higher levels of pathogen attack. Herbivory and pathogen attack had no effect on seedling performance. This study reveals the importance of litter-cover on the interactions between seedlings, herbivores and pathogens, as well as on the performance of tropical seedlings.
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Bakker, Matthew G., Jyotsna Acharya, Thomas B. Moorman, Alison E. Robertson, and Thomas C. Kaspar. "The Potential for Cereal Rye Cover Crops to Host Corn Seedling Pathogens." Phytopathology® 106, no. 6 (2016): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0214-r.

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Cover cropping is a prevalent conservation practice that offers substantial benefits to soil and water quality. However, winter cereal cover crops preceding corn may diminish beneficial rotation effects because two grass species are grown in succession. Here, we show that rye cover crops host pathogens capable of causing corn seedling disease. We isolated Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, Pythium sylvaticum, and P. torulosum from roots of rye and demonstrate their pathogenicity on corn seedlings. Over 2 years, we quantified the densities of these organisms in rye roots from several field experiments and at various intervals of time after rye cover crops were terminated. Pathogen load in rye roots differed among fields and among years for particular fields. Each of the four pathogen species increased in density over time on roots of herbicide-terminated rye in at least one field site, suggesting the broad potential for rye cover crops to elevate corn seedling pathogen densities. The radicles of corn seedlings planted following a rye cover crop had higher pathogen densities compared with seedlings following a winter fallow. Management practices that limit seedling disease may be required to allow corn yields to respond positively to improvements in soil quality brought about by cover cropping.
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Adachi, Naoto, Shoichi Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Inoue, and Koji Azegami. "Control of Bacterial Seedling Rot and Seedling Blight of Rice by Bacteriophage." Plant Disease 96, no. 7 (2012): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-11-0232-re.

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In Japan, rice seed are immersed in pesticide solutions to prevent seedborne diseases that attack greenhouse seedlings. However, disposal of large quantities of waste pesticide solutions after treatment is costly. As an alternative treatment, bacteriophages (phages) that are highly specific to the target bacteria are considered as potential biocontrol agents. Here, we isolated three phage strains that lyse Burkholderia glumae and B. plantarii, the causative pathogens of seedling rot and seedling blight, respectively. Two phages could lyse both bacteria and clearly suppress these diseases. One of these phages (BGPP-Ar) suppressed these diseases more effectively than existing pesticides: the ratio of seedlings exhibiting disease to the total number of seedlings examined after treatment with BGPP-Ar 1.0 × 108 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml was 0.0 for seedling rot and 2.0 for seedling blight; after treatment with ipconazole/copper (II) hydroxide, the ratios were 14.3 and 15.0, respectively. BGPP-Ar was highly effective in suppressing seedling rot of rice, even at the low concentration of 1.0 × 105 PFU/ml. The best phage treatment effect for sterilizing seed is achieved indoors to avoid phage inactivation by UV irradiation. Treatment effect was demonstrated on seed infected with pathogens. Therefore, we consider that phage treatment was effective in this study.
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Norghauer, Julian M., David M. Newbery, Leho Tedersoo, and George B. Chuyong. "Do fungal pathogens drive density-dependent mortality in established seedlings of two dominant African rain-forest trees?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 3 (2010): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000076.

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Abstract:Where one or a few tree species reach local high abundance, different ecological factors may variously facilitate or hinder their regeneration. Plant pathogens are thought to be one of those possible agents which drive intraspecific density-dependent mortality of tree seedlings in tropical forests. Experimental evidence for this is scarce, however. In an African rain forest at Korup, we manipulated the density of recently established seedlings (~5–8 wk old; low vs. high-density) of two dominant species of contrasting recruitment potential, and altered their exposure to pathogens using a broad-spectrum fungicide. Seedling mortality of the abundantly recruiting subcanopy tree Oubanguia alata was strongly density-dependent after 7 mo, yet fungicide-treated seedlings had slightly higher mortality than controls. By contrast, seedling mortality of the poorly recruiting large canopy-emergent tree Microberlinia bisulcata was unaffected by density or fungicide. Ectomycorrhizal colonization of M. bisulcata was not affected by density or fungicide either. For O. alata, adverse effects of fungicide on its vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas may have offset any possible benefit of pathogen removal. We tentatively conclude that fungal pathogens are not a likely major cause of density dependence in O. alata, or of early post-establishment mortality in M. bisulcata. They do not explain the latter's currently very low recruitment rate at Korup.
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Nowicki, Bogdan. "The fungi causin damping-off of carrot seedlings." Acta Agrobotanica 48, no. 2 (2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1995.014.

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When 136 samples of dying carrot seedlings from several fields were analyzed <em>Alternaria rudicina</em> proved to be the most common seedling pathogen (41%), followed by some <em>Fusarium</em> species (27%, mostly <em>F. avenaceum</em>).The less common seedling pathogens were <em>Pythium</em> spp. (13%), <em>Phoma</em> spp.(2,5%) and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> (1,4%). Some other fungi (<em>Bipolaris sorokiniana, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stemphylium botryosym</em> and <em>Ulocladium consortiale</em>) were found in less than 1% of seedlings examined.
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Rahman, M. A., R. Jannat, A. M. Akanda, M. A. R. Khan, and M. T. Rubayet. "Role of Chitosan in Disease Suppression, Growth and Yield of Carrot." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.3.266.

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An attempt was made for controlling of Rhizoctonia canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani and southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in pot and field experiments under inoculated condition and also to increase the growth promoting factors and yield of carrot through the application of chitosan. Before setting the experiments in the field, laboratory experiments were carried out to select virulent isolates of R. solani and S. rolfsii and effective dose of chitosan on mycelial growth inhibition of virulent isolates of test pathogens. In the pathogenicity test, R. solani isolate R-1 and S. rolfsii isolate S-1 were found to be the most virulent against carrot seedlings. In vitro application of 1.0% chitosan was found to inhibit 100% mycelial growth of both tested pathogens. The field experiment was laid out following randomized complete block design with four treatments, where no treatment was done in T1, pathogen was inoculated in T2 and seed treatment and soil amendment with 1.0% chitosan was done in T3 and T4, respectively, in pathogen inoculated condition. Application of 1.0% chitosan as seed treatment or soil amendment significantly reduced post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence of diseases and enhanced seedling growth and also yields of carrot. On the contrary, post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence of Rhizoctonia canker and southern blight of carrot were highest in treatment T2 where soil was inoculated with pathogens. Chitosan could be used as an alternative of fungicide to suppress Rhizoctonia canker and southern blight in sustainable agriculture and improvement the yield of carrot.
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Limtong, Savitree, Parichat Into, and Panchapond Attarat. "Biocontrol of Rice Seedling Rot Disease Caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae by Epiphytic Yeasts from Plant Leaves." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050647.

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Seedling rot disease in rice leads to significant loss in the production of seedlings. This research was conducted to explore yeasts that could be used as biological control agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae. In total, 167 epiphytic yeast strains were evaluated, revealing that 13 of these yeast strains demonstrated antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens and either C. lunata DOAC 2313 or H. oryzae DOAC 2293. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biofilm produced were possible antagonistic mechanisms in vitro for all the antagonistic yeast strains. Using nursery trays in a greenhouse, this study evaluated the control of rice seedling rot disease caused by these two fungal pathogens using antagonistic yeasts, identified in the present study and from our previous study. Torulaspora indica DMKU-RP31 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE-42 were found to completely control rice seedling rot disease caused by both of these fungal pathogens. Furthermore, W. anomalus DMKU-RP04 revealed 100% disease control when the disease was caused by H. oryzae. This is the first report on using antagonistic yeasts to control rice seedling rot disease caused by C. lunata and H. oryzae. These three antagonistic yeasts also showed promising potential for development as biocontrol agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by fungi.
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Irawan, Arif, Ilaa Anggraeni, and Margaretta Christita. "Identification Causes Leaf Spot Disease in Cempaka (Magnolia elegans (Blume.) H.Keng) Seedling and Its Control Techniques." Jurnal Wasian 2, no. 2 (2015): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v2i2.843.

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This research purposes to identify the pathogen causing leaf spot in cempaka seedling and its control technique. Identify cause of disease is necessary to know precise technique control. Identification of disease was conducted in macroscopic appearances and microscopically to determine pathogens. Identification is done by using the determination key of fungi. The results showed that the early signs of leaf spot disease on cempaka seedlings in the nursery are streaks or spots on the leaf surface with distinct boundaries. Leaf spots are formed generally brown surrounded by darker boundaries. The result shows leaf spot disease on cempaka seedling was caused by fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sp. Techniques for controlling the disease can be done by isolating the infected seeds, reducing the intensity of canopy, and using the appropriate fungicides.
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Diniz, Fábio Oliveira, Múcio Silva Reis, Eduardo Fontes Araújo, Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias, Tuneo Sediyama, and Camilla Atsumi Zanuncio Sediyama-Bhering. "Incidence of pathogens and field emergence of soybean seeds subjected to harvest delay." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 4 (2013): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000400009.

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This study aimed at evaluating seed health quality, as well as seedling emergence in the field, of eight soybean cultivars (UFV-16, Splendor, Vencedora, Confiança, UFV-18, UFV-TN 105, Garantia, and Celeste) subjected to different harvest periods. To this, seeds were harvested at the growth stages R8, R8+15 days, and R8+30 days, and then submitted to health test and to the test of seedling emergence in field. Results showed that although seeds harvested at 15 and 30 days after the stage R8 had shown a significant increase of fungi infection, especially by Fusarium spp., Phomopsis spp., and Epicoccum spp., the percent seedling emergence in the field was reduced only to seeds harvested 30 days after the reproductive stage R8. Cultivars have shown differentiated behavior between each other in relation to the percent incidence rate of fungi and seedling emergence in the field; and the seeds least infected by fungi were those allowing the highest percent emergence of seedlings in the field.
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Navitasari, Lisa, Loekas Soesanto, and Ahadiyat Yugi Rahayu. "PENGARUH APLIKASI PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS P60 TERHADAP MUTU PATOLOGIS, MUTU FISIOLOGIS, DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PADI IR 64." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 13, no. 2 (2013): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.213179-190.

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Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 on pathological and physiological quality and growth of rice IR 64 seedlings. The research objectives were (1) detection and identification of seed-borne pathogens of IR 64 rice, (2) testing Pseudomonas fluorescents P60 in inhibiting the in vitro growth of seed-borne pathogens colonies, (3) testing P. fluorescents P60 for pathological and physiological seed quality, and (4) testing P. fluorescents P60 on the growth of seedlings in the greenhouse. The results showed that some seed-borne pathogens can be found both on farmers’ IR 64 rice and factory’s; they were Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria padwickii, Pseudomonas glumae, and P. syringae. Application of P. flourescens P60 was able to inhibit the in vitrogrowth of colonies of all seed-borne pathogens, except P. syringae. Related to pathological quality, the effect of P. flourescens P60 on percentage of seed-borne pathogens attack did not significantly different from that of benomil but smaller than distilled water. On the physiological quality of seeds, treatment of P. flourescens P60 has the same effect with benomil and distilled water, with germination rate was more than 80%. In the greenhouse study,treatment of seed immersion time in P. flourescens P60 suspension showed that the effect of immersion time as long as15 minutes and 25 minutes on seedling height, root length, and seedling dry weightdid not significantly different. were. However, 25 minutes immersion time resulted in fresh seedling weight and root dry weight higher than that of 15 minutes immersion time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling pathogens"

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Sodja, Eric P. "Effects of Soil-Borne Pathogens on Seedling Establishment Patterns in Forest Systems." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7703.

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The Janzen-Connell mechanism is proposed to maintain plant diversity: predators and diseases of seeds reduce the number of seeds that survive near a parent tree, but allow seeds far from the parent tree to grow into adulthood. In the area where seeds don’t survive, seedlings from other tree species which are not affected by the seed consumer can grow. At large scales, this effect is thought to increase overall plant diversity. Soil-borne pathogens can contribute to seed mortality in this way, but we don’t know how important different parts of their lifecycle are in creating Janzen-Connell patterns. To determine the role of soil-borne pathogens in the development of Janzen-Connell patterns, we constructed a simulation model to examine how tree and pathogen characteristics affect plant spatial patterns. Under specific combinations of tree and pathogen characteristics, we found that pathogens could create Janzen-Connell patterns. The most important parameters were how far trees dispersed their seeds, and how many seeds a tree produced in a year. These characteristics determined how much of an impact the pathogens were able to have on the tree population because they rely on the density of seeds to determine how far they can spread and how many spores they will produce.
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Warner, Amanda Jo. "Identifying and characterizing fungal pathogens causing seedling diseases on soybean through a multi-state survey." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1396.

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Seedling diseases are both common and destructive on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. They are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes. The goal of this research was to identify fungal pathogens causing seedling diseases of soybean through a multi-state effort. Two different approaches were used for genus and species determination, one relying on morphological features using microscopy and the other through DNA sequencing of specific genetic loci using up to three different barcodes. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the elongation factor EF-1α, and the intergenic spacer (IGS) regions were sequenced for the various isolates to confirm speciation. Data produced from the study includes identification of fungal isolates from eight states in the Unites States, each one contributing approximately 150 isolates. Data also involves correlating species and genus distributions to factors including geographical distribution, cultural practices, soil type, and climatic conditions. More than 3,000 fungal isolates were processed for identification to help determine the predominant causal agents of seedling diseases on soybean in the production fields where the isolates were collected. Our findings showed that Fusaria were the most predominant of the genera identified followed by Trichoderma species. Of sixty-one different species identified over the course of two years of the study, F. oxysporum was the most abundantly isolated. Evidence was shown that different cultural practices and environmental factors do have effects on the distribution of the various species seen in soybean fields with seedling diseases. Through the two-year efforts of seedling diseases causing fungal identification studies, further research studies were developed and pursued. In addition to the fungi believed to be contributing to seedling diseases, we also identified fungal isolates with potential to serve as biological control agents (BCAs). We found fungi, e.g. Trichoderma species, known for their control potential and proceeded with in vitro and in vivo studies to further understand their efficacy and mechanisms on a variety of pathogens with a focus on the sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogen, Fusarium virguliforme. Species of the Trichoderma genus more significantly inhibited pathogen growth than other genera tested and T. harzianum was the most efficient of Trichoderma species.
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Chapman, Margaret Ann. "The interaction of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. and Br.) Ferr. and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn as pathogens of seedling cotton." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185302.

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Soil inoculum density and the incidence of black root rot of cotton caused by Thielaviopsis basicola were monitored in two adjacent fields planted mid-April to Gossypium hirsutum 'Acala 1517' at Duncan, AZ (1160 m elev.). Forty soil cores (3.5 x 15 cm) were taken from the root zone and 80 plants were collected biweekly in the two fields from 5/7/87 to 9/28/87. The inoculum density (cfu/g air-dried soil) was determined by plating soil dilutions onto a selective medium. Disease severity was rated on a scale of 1 (slight cortical decay) to 4 (severe cortical decay). Mean inoculum density in Field 1 soil was 65 cfu/g soil and 20% of the seedlings were infected with a severity rating averaging 1.6. In Field 2 the inoculum density, percentage of infected plants, and disease rating were 225 cfu/g soil, 93, and 3.2, respectively. No cortical decay was noted after June 6 in either field. Yields were similar in both fields. Field and laboratory studies indicate that high disease incidence of black root rot caused by T. basicola results in reduced incidence of seedling disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. For example, 1 mo after untreated seeds of G. barbadense 'Pima S-6' were planted into a cotton field in Coolidge, AZ with natural inoculum levels of 12 cfu/100 g soil and 225 cfu/g soil of R. solani and T. basicola, respectively, 98% of the plants were infected by T. basicola while only 2% were infected by R. solani. Eleven out of the 12 R. solani propagules were pathogenic to cotton. The same levels of inoculum, were added to autoclaved field soil in growth chambers at 18 C and 5200 lux light in four treatments. The first treatment, T. basicola alone, caused a 98% incidence of black root rot. Rhizoctonia solani alone resulted in a 38% incidence of disease, whereas inoculum of T. basicola and R. solani, together caused a 98% and 17% incidence of disease caused by T. basicola and R. solani, respectively. Simultaneous inoculations of 4-day-old G. hirsutum 'DP 90' seedlings on water agar plates with inoculum of T. basicola and R. solani resulted 5 days later in a significant decrease in infection by R. solani as compared to that in the seedlings inoculated with R. solani only.
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Mulesky, Melinda Anne. "Rhizosphere competence, antibiotic and siderophore biosynthesis in Pseudomonas chlororaphis: implications for the biological control of cotton seedling disease pathogens." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40235.

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Cummings, Jaime Anne. "Evaluation of seed and drench treatments for management of damping-off and seedling blight pathogens of spinach for organic production." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/j_cummings_112007.pdf.

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Malligan, Cassandra D. "Crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) symptom development and pathogen spread in wheat genotypes with varying disease resistance." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006225/.

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[Abstract]Crown rot, caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fpg), is an important soilborne disease of wheat and barley. The degree of crop damage depends on seasonal conditions. Typically, high moisture conditions early in the season encourage seedling infection from stubble residues. Moisture stress later in the season leads to the production of unfilled “whiteheads”. Current control relies on cultural practices and sowing of partially resistant varieties. In order to understand the nature of partial resistance, I have examined the patterns of disease symptom development and pathogen spread in susceptible and partially resistant tissues of both pot-grown wheat, barley and oat seedlings and field-grown inoculated wheat trials. Further research was conducted to determine whether differences in pathogenicity occur amongst a small subset of Australian Fpg isolates. Seedling experiments confirmed that differences in disease ratings between susceptible and partially resistant genotypes are detected in younger leaf sheaths of older seedlings. At later harvest times differences between these genotypes are not significant in older leaf sheaths. Re-isolation of Fpg from inoculated seedlings has shown that each tissue was infected later in partially resistant genotypes compared to susceptible ones with a significantly lower number of isolations recorded at each harvest time in 42 day old seedlings. Barley cultivars were rapidly infected by the pathogen and exhibited high levels of disease symptoms. By comparison levels of infection in oats were low compared to all other genotypes. No significant differences between genotypes were observed in coleoptile tissues, either in fungal colonisation or development of disease symptoms. Disease development in the subcrown internode varied between lines/cultivars but was not representative of the relative susceptibility of each genotype. The pathogen did not appear to invade plant tissue via the vascular system but rather spread directly across the stem from leaf sheath to leaf sheath. Field trials were designed to study disease symptom development and localisation of Fpg hyphae in all expanded tissues (excluding head and roots) in wheat genotypes of known susceptibility to crown rot. Plants were harvested at approximately fortnightly intervals throughout the growing season. The main effects and interactions of harvest, genotype and tiller on each plant part were examined with a detailed statistical analysis of differences seen in these factors between susceptible and partially resistant wheat genotypes, in two inoculated field trials. While differences between genotypes were mostly not significant at each harvest when disease rating or isolations from leaf sheath tissues were examined, important differences between susceptible and resistant genotypes were seen in disease developments and Fpg infections of stem tissue in field trials. Restriction of pathogen growth and symptom development was more pronounced in the tissues of 2-49 (possesses seedling resistance) than in the field resistant Sunco. At present, the mechanisms that lead to these resistance responses are unknown. The pathogenicity study aimed to determine whether 7 Fpg isolates and a mixed inoculum differed in ability to cause crown rot in 9 wheat genotypes ranging in susceptibility to this disease. Although a genotype*inoculum interaction was significant, there is no evidence of stable pathogenic races in the isolates examined in these experiments. The growth of all isolates was partially inhibited in a consistent manner on resistant genotypes when compared to very susceptible genotypes. These results confirm significant differences in the aggressiveness of Fpg isolates on wheat, evidenced by variation in mean disease severity between isolates growing on a range of host genotypes.
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Higuita, Didier Mauricio Chavarriaga. "Biological control of Fusarium spp. and other soil-borne pathogens on tree seedlings." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602315.

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Soil borne fungi isolated from forest areas and nurseries in North east of Scotland using baiting techniques, were identified using classical taxonomy and molecular methods (PCR amplification of ITS regions; restriction digestion; sequencing of PCR products) as Fusarium lateritium, F. tricinctum, F. sambucinum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Rhizoctonia binucleate (Ceratobasidium sp.). Virulence was tested in vitro on young seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa, and Koch's postulates fulfilled through reisolation of the pathogens and confirmation of fungal penetration into host tissues. Root growth was measured using the Winrhizo program, and dry weights recorded. Symptoms on aerial parts were assessed using a categorical scale from 0 (healthy) to 5 (damage > 76%). Fusarium spp. caused significant different (P 0.01) symptom intensity on both host plants. However, no significant difference in root growth was found between treatments and control (P 0.05). The effects of different compost treatments on disease development in seedlings of both hosts inoculated with the same fine root pathogens was tested in the glasshouse confirming the virulence of the fungal pathogens on P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa seedlings. Although mean dry weights of P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa varied between compost treatments, differences were not significantly different. Isolation, characterization and identification of bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis B1, fluorescent pseudomonads B4 and B5 with antagonistic action against pathogens were also carried out. These isolates along with the known bacterial antagonists Bacillus subtilis MB600, MB205 and Pseudomonas corrugata R117 were used for biological control in vitro and in planta experiments using Alnus glutinosa or Pinus sylvestris seedlings. All bacterial isolates colonized root systems of both tree species. Higher numbers of bacterial cells were observed on roots of A. glutinosa than on P. sylvestris roots. High bacterial cell numbers were observed in plants of both tree species inoculated with fluorescent pseudomonads B4 or B5. In vitro antagonism on agar plates, indicated by inhibition in fungal colony diameter growth, was recorded for F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. sambucinum, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Phythophthora cinnamomi with all bacterial isolates tested (P 0.05). Biological control of the fine root pathogens on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings by bacteria semi in vivo in test tubes was carried out with various responses in both tree hosts. All bacterial treatments resulted in a lower sporangium germination rate for P. ultimum var. ultimum than was found in controls (P 0.05). Effect of the bacterial isolates separately on growth and disease development in Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings inoculated with the pathogens under glasshouse conditions using autoclaved compost was tested. The bacterial isolates had various effects against the pathogens, although in most cases no significant differences were observed relative to controls. Further soil-based trials were carried out in the glasshouse to achieve control of root disease development on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa using a combination of different antagonists, based on a mixture of the bacterial isolates used previously and Trichoderma koningii (TC6-Colombia). None of the antagonistic treatments showed a clear antagonistic effect in Pinus sylvestris against the fungal infections compared to control plants inoculated with the pathogens alone. In contrast, in Alnus glutinosa plants T. koningii co-inoculation improved plant growth in several of the growth parameter measured.
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Kalonji, Kabengele Muzela J. B. "Evaluation of three fungicides for control of soilborne diseases of lettuce seedlings." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29549.

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Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings diseases caused by soilborne pathogens are characterised by root rot, stem rot and damping-off of the seedlings that can occur at any time during growth. Fusarium solani, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani are known to be the important destructive pathogens of lettuce, causing severe yield losses in South Africa. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of three selected fungicides to control these pathogens on lettuce seedlings. In this study the fungicides metalaxyl (Apron®), fludioxonil (Celest®) and mefenoxam (Subdue®) were applied at two concentrations as single and double doses on lettuce seedlings to determine their efficacy to control the pathogens Fusarium solani, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani after significant reduction of mycelia growth was observed in vitro. Cultures of P. ultimum (UPGH024), R. solani (UPGH122) and F. solani (UPGH122) were obtained from the culture collection of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria and cultivated on PDA for 2 days at 25ºC. Pasteurised soil was artificially inoculated with these pathogens. For the first experiment lettuce seeds were planted in polystyrene seedling trays at a depth of 1.0 cm. There were four replications of 50 seeds per treatment. In Experiment 2 pots (12 cm x 7 cm) were filled with pasteurised growing medium and 3-week old seedlings were transplanted. There were three replications of six pots containing three plants each. Seedling trays and pots were drenched with fungicides and placed in a randomised block design in a controlled environment room at 20- 26°C with a 12h-light/dark regime. The seedling trays and pots were rotated daily in the room. Seedling trays and pots were watered daily to maintain field capacity. The seedlings were able to grow larger in the pots than in seedling trays. It was confirmed that the treatment with fludioxonil (Celest®) at double and single dose inhibited the growth of the three fungi F. solani, P. ultimum and R. solani on lettuce seedlings without causing phytotoxicity. All three fungicides significantly reduced the diseases caused by the three pathogens. These findings are consistent with previous reports that fludioxonil, metalaxyl and mefenoxam can control oomycete fungi. There are few registered fungicides for the control of Fusarium solani, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani on lettuce, therefore further work will aim to confirm these results in the field.<br>Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2008.<br>Microbiology and Plant Pathology<br>unrestricted
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Bonello, Pierluigi. "Defence responses of non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus sylvestris L. to fungal pathogens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83f17126-ed81-4060-9e5f-714814faada1.

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The defence mechanisms expressed in roots of Pinus sylvestris seedlings challenged with fungal pathogens were investigated, and a comparison was made between the expression of defences in non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings. Papillae were formed by cortical cells of non-mycorrhizal seedlings infected with Cylindrocarpon destructans. Histochemical evidence was obtained for pectic materials comprising an important polysaccharide component of these structures, and for the deposition of polyphenolic compounds also. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) microanalysis indicated that insoluble calcium levels were elevated in papillae relative to normal cell walls. Although papillae appeared important in protecting cortical cells against penetration by fungal hyphae, a primary role for the wall appositions in the resistance of seedlings of Scots pine against root pathogens could not be proven. Although phytoalexins were not detected in the roots of Scots pine seedlings following infection with C. destructans, the mean content of an abietic acid fraction (comprising six compounds, of which only dehydroabietic acid could be positively identified), increased from 5.2 to 9.7mg g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight. This fraction exhibited some antifungal activity. -related proteins induced de novo by infection could not be detected, but several constitutive apoplastic proteins, including some with chitinase activity, appeared to increase in the needles of root-infected seedlings. The formation of ectomycorrhizae with Pisolithus tinctorius, Suillus bovinus and Hebeloma crustuliniforme did not itself induce papilla formation in the roots of P. sylvestris. Evidence was obtained to suggest that the response was suppressed when mycorrhizal seedlings were challenged with C. destructans. Results highly suggestive of the induction of systemic resistance in P. sylvestris seedlings, consequent upon mycorrhizal infection, were obtained. In seedlings grown in vitro the survival rate of mycorrhizal seedlings challenged aerially with Botrytis cinerea was 37.5% compared with 7.1 in seedlings grown gnotobiotically. However, the physiological mechanisms by which this protection was imparted remain to be determined.
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Menkis, Audrius. "Root associated fungi of conifer seedlings and their role in afforestation of agricultural land /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005106.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Seedling pathogens"

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Peterson, Michael James. Sanitation of styroblocks to control algae and seedling root rot fungi. Forestry Canada, 1990.

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James, Robert L. Effects of pre-sowing soil treatments on root colonization of 1-0 ponderosa and lodgepole pine seedlings by potentially-pathogenic fungi, USDA Forest Service Lucky Peak Nursery, Boise, Idaho. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2001.

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James, Robert L. Effects of pre-sowing soil treatments on root colonization of 1-0 ponderosa and lodgepole pine seedlings by potentially-pathogenic fungi, USDA Forest Service Lucky Peak Nursery, Boise, Idaho. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2001.

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Cowger, Christina. Cephalosporium stripe of wheat: Seedling-based resistance screening and pathogenic variability. 1997.

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M, Hildebrand Diane, and Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), eds. Alternatives to preplant soil fumigation for western forest nurseries. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2004.

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M, Hildebrand Diane, and Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), eds. Alternatives to preplant soil fumigation for western forest nurseries. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seedling pathogens"

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Shakeel, Muhammad Taimoor, Rashida Parveen, Idrees Haider, et al. "Seed Pretreatment as a Means to Achieve Pathogen Control." In Priming and Pretreatment of Seeds and Seedlings. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8625-1_17.

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Obradovic, A., J. B. Jones, G. V. Minsavage, E. R. Dickstein, and T. M. Momol. "Pseudomonas huttiensis Associated with Leaf Necrosis and Blighting of Tomato Seedlings in the Greenhouse." In Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4_68.

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Hassani, D., R. Buonaurio, and A. Tombesi. "Response of Some Olive Cultivars, Hybrid and Open Pollinated Seedlings to Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi." In Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4_54.

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Kumar, J., K. Kumar, and M. Prasad. "Certain Cell Level Changes and Chromosomal Aberrations in Tomato Seedlings Induced by Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Vesicatoria." In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_150.

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Poswal, M. A. T. "Survival of Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Malvacearum and Performance of Seedlings from Commercially Ginned Cottonseed as Influenced by Length of Storage." In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_155.

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Thepa, Sirichai, Jirasak Kongkiattikajorn, and Roongrojana Songprakorp. "Effect of Solar Concentrator System on Disinfection of Soil-Borne Pathogens and Tomato Seedling Growth." In Solar Power. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/28049.

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Motaher Hossain, Md, and Farjana Sultana. "Application and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Phytostimulation." In Organic Agriculture. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92338.

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Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) constitute diverse genera of nonpathogenic fungi that provide a variety of benefits to their host plants. PGPF show an effective role in sustainable agriculture. Meeting increasing demand for crop production without damage to the environment is the biggest challenge nowadays. The use of PGPF has been recognized as an environmentally friendly way of increasing crop production. These fungi have proven to increase crop yields by improving germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, root morphogenesis, photosynthesis, and flowering through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPF involve solubilizing and mineralizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants, regulating hormonal balance, producing volatile organic compounds and microbial enzyme, suppressing plant pathogens and ameliorating abiotic stresses. Successful colonization is an intrinsic factor for most PGPF to exert their beneficial effects on plants. A certain level of specificity exists in the interactions between plant species and PGPF for root colonization and growth promoting effects. There is a gap between the number of reported efficacious PGPF and the number of PGPF as biofertilizer. Efforts should be strengthened to improve the efficacy and commercialization of PGPF. Hence, this chapter summarizes valuable information regarding the application and mechanisms of PGPF in sustainable agriculture.
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Mańka, Malgorzata. "FUSARIA AS PATHOGENS OF CEREAL SEEDLINGS." In Fusarium. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87468-9.50025-0.

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"Biocontrol of diseases of seeds and seedlings." In Biological Control of Microbial Plant Pathogens. Cambridge University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511608612.008.

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Sulistiono, Wawan, and Taryono. "The Role of Mycorrhizae on Seedlings and Early Growth of Sugarcane." In Mycorrhizal Fungi - Utilization in Agriculture and Industry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94768.

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The role of mycorrhizae in plant growth is well known, such as the ability to increase nutrient uptake, especially phosphate (P), drought tolerance, and resistance to pathogens. It is necessary to understand the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal technology in industrial plant production systems and their impact on agriculture systems. Large-scale nurseries of plantations require proper mycorrhizal application techniques. The relationship of mycorrhizal infection with plant yield (biomass) is known and in the next step, appropriate application time is needed to increase the effectiveness of mycorrhizae in plant growth and yield. Application of mycorrhizal inoculum was more effective in increasing the biomass of sugarcane stem weight to reach 61% with an increase in infection of 41.3%. In addition, the mycorrhizal application increases the root growth of sugarcane seedlings. The root growth promoting ability is important to increase the initial growth of plants after transplanting in dry land under the influence of drought stress, limited nutrients. The application of this technology is expected to increase plant growth, facilitate the maintenance and efficiency of cultivation on an industrial scale.
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Conference papers on the topic "Seedling pathogens"

1

Robertson, Alison, Azeem Ahmad, Rashelle Matthiesen-Andersen, et al. "Research update on seedling diseases of corn and soybean caused by oomycete pathogens." In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-271.

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Merkel, K. A., and E. P. Vibe. "THE PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS LODGING OF SEEDLINGS OF COMMON PINE IN AUTUMN SOWING AT THE NURSERY OF SFNR" ERTIS ORMANY»." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.38-40.

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Phytopathological studies of the state of shoots of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of autumn sowing when grown in protected soil with the use of Agrotex covering material were carried out. The results of survey showed that when using fertilizers and soil activators-nitrogen, phosphorus, boric acid, EM EKO KZ Soil, EM EKO KZ soil (NPK) and humus, there is a drop in seedlings from 7.5 to 32.6%. The main reason for the death of shoots was the development and spread of infectious pathogens of seedlings. The species composition of pathogenic microflora in diseased plants is represented by a group of soil fungi belonging to the anamorphic division-Fusarium, Alternaria. Evaluation of the experience of introducing substances into the soil during autumn sowing showed that their use, as a rule, does not affect the resistance of plants to infectious pathogens, with the exception of boric acid, which has fungicidal activity.
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Lupascu, Galina, and Svetlana Gavzer. "Variabilitatea şi heritabilitatea vigorii boabelor de grâu comun la interacţiunea cu Drechslera Sorokiniana." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.68.

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The article presents data on the effects of the interaction of common wheat with the fungus Drechslera sorokiniana on grain vigor. Its differentiated action on germination and seedling length (LP) was found. The vigor index (VI) depended more on LP (r = 0.90 *) than on the germination 278 level (r = 0.52 *, p≤0.05). The coefficient of heritability in the broad sense (h2) was 71.3% for LP and 60.1% – for VI. The association of h2 and genetic progress with high values reveals the pronounced contribution of additive genetic variance in the control of the vigor index, which offers increased opportunities in the selection of wheat plants resistant to this pathogen in restricted terms.
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Sasco, Elena. "Variabilitatea patogenității unor agenți fungici ai putregaiului de rădăcină la grâul comun de toamnă." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.08.

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The study established different reactions of the growth characters of the autumn common wheat seedlings to the treatment of seeds of genotypes Moldova 614, Moldova 66 and L Selania / Accent with the culture filtrates of the strains of Alternaria alternata, Drechslera sorokiniana and Fusarium solani. The 3 strains of the F. solani pathogen produced concomitant repression of root and stem in Moldova 614 and Moldova 66, but differentiated in L Selania / Accent, being identified as the most aggressive in this study. The highest sensitivity was recorded by L Selania / Accent in the case of the root under the action of Alternaria alternata strains.
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McGrath, J. Mitchell, and Suba Nagendran. "Discovery of resistance to seedling disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, description of the host-pathogen interaction, and development of a seedling disease screening nursery." In American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist. ASSBT, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2007.55.

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Lekete, E., E. A. Osekre, M. K. Sosu, and M. M. Apetorgbor. "In Vitro Evaluation of Some Selected Fungicides Against Leaf Spot Pathogen (Pestalotiopsis sp.) on Oil Palm Seedlings." In 7th International Conference on Research in Science and Technology. acavent, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/8rst.2018.11.37.

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Voronkova, A. Kh. "THE DETERMINATION OF THE PHYTOTOXICITY AND GROWTHSTIMULATING ACTIVITY OF PROMISING ANTAGONIST STRAINS OF FUSARIUM BLIGHT PATHOGENS ON THE OIL FLAX CROP." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-148-152.

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The article presents the test results on determination of the phytotoxicity and growth-promoting activity of the antagonist strains of oil flax Fusarium blight pathogens identified at the first stages of screening from the collection of the biomethod laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. We established that the promising strains of fungi and bacteria do not have a negative effect on the germination of oil flax seeds and do not cause wilting of seedlings. In all variants we observed an increase in seed germination by 5.0–13.0 % in comparison with the control. The bacterial strains К 1-2 B. subtilis and 11-3 Bacillus sp. showed the best results in increasing the root length (by 102.0–108.4 %) and the root mass (by 100 %) compared to the control. Among the fungi strains, T-1 Trichoderma sp. showed an increase in the root length and mass by 55.1 % and 66.7 %, respectively, in comparison with the control. We also noted the effect of all studied strains on the shoot length and mass in comparison with the control but to a lesser extent than on the root (by 2.3–35.7 % and 20.0–62.5 %, respectively).
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Shukanov, V. P., L. A. Karytsko, E. V. Melnikova, and S. N. Polyanskaya. "THE APPLICATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS IN FOREST TREE NURSERIES TO INCREASE THE RESISTANCE OF SEEDLINGS OF CONIFEROUS ROCKS TO CONIFERS TO FUNGAL PATHOGENS." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-835-839.

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Kazakova, O. V., L. A. Lomovatskaya, and A. M. Goncharova. "Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the activity of adenylatecyclase signaling components system of cells of the growth zones of root of pea seedling by infection of pathogenic or mutualistic microorganisms." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-244.

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