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Journal articles on the topic 'Seedling performances'
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1
Erniwati, Erniwati. "PENGARUH UKURAN BIJI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN TANAMAN TUMBUH KEMBALI SETELAH RUSAK AKIBAT HERBIVORI." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 9, no. 2 (2017): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.9.2.156-164.
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The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of seed size in the resprouting ability of seedling after being damaged and whether it correlates with the reserve effect. We grew the seedlings of two species of oak, namely Quercus robur and Quercus petraea from different seed size, in a greenhouse. The seedlings were harvested at different stages; after emergence, at the first shoot fully developed, and after the seedling had re- grown after the initial shoot was clipped. The result showed that: firstly, at the time of full seedling development, large seeds translocated less percentage of reserve from the seed to seedling. After clipping, the seedlings from large seeds translocated additional resources to the seedling. Secondly, although the larger seed has the larger biomass to re-sprout, the total mass invested in re-sprouting proportional with seedling size. We concluded that the seedlings of larger seeds re-sprout better than those of the smaller seeds. However, we did not find the improved performances correlating with the Reserve Effect Theory
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DEB, DEBAL, JÖRG LÄSSIG, and MARIUS KLOFT. "A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SEEDLING AGE IN THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IN EASTERN INDIA." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (2012): 326–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447971200004x.
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SUMMARYA survey of the system of rice intensification (SRI)-related literature indicates that different authors have drawn conflicting inferences about rice yield performances under the SRI, chiefly because the SRI methodology has been variously advocated, interpreted and implemented in the field using different rice varieties, seedling ages at transplantation, cultivation seasons and nutrient management regimes. In particular, the SRI method of single-seedling transplantation (SST) has potential economic advantage due to reduced seed costs, but it is not clear whether SST is an effective management strategy across a range of seedling ages, and whether there is any specific seedling age that is optimal for yield improvement of a given rice variety. This is an important consideration in rain-fed ecosystems where variable rainfall patterns and lack of controlled irrigation make it difficult to reliably transplant at a specific seedling age as recommended for the SRI. We conducted a five year-long experiment on a rain-fed organic farm using a short-duration upland and a medium-duration lowland landrace, following the SRI methodology. Rice seedlings of different ages (6, 10, 14, 18 and 28 days after establishment) were transplanted at 25 cm × 25 cm spacing in three replicated plots. The performance for each landrace was examined with respect to productive tillers, panicle density, total grain counts per hill and grain yield per unit area. Performances of seedlings of different ages were compared with that of control plots that employed all SRI practices with the exception that 28-day-old seedlings were transplanted with three seedlings per hill. The results indicate that (1) the SRI can improve mean panicle density if seedling age ≤ 18 days, but that responses differ between varieties; (2) the number of productive tillers per hill is significantly less in SST than that of multiple seedling transplants (MST) of 28-day-old seedlings of both upland and lowland varieties; (3) the total grain numbers per hill of the lowland variety is significantly greater for 14-day-old SST than 28-day-old MST; (4) the grain yield per unit area from young SRI transplants is significantly greater than that from 28-day-old MST for the lowland variety, although the magnitude of the improvement was small; (5) for the upland variety, grain yields declined with the oldest seedlings, but planting multiple seedlings per hill made the yield of the oldest transplants on par with that of younger seedlings planted singly. Our findings suggest that transplanting younger seedlings under the SRI management may not necessarily enhance grain yields.
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Bi, Yinli, Linlin Xie, Zhigang Wang, Kun Wang, Wenwen Liu, and Wenwu Xie. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis facilitates apricot seedling (Prunus sibirica L.) growth and photosynthesis in northwest China." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 8, no. 4 (2021): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-021-00408-6.
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AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can successfully enhance photosynthesis (Pn) and plants growth in agricultural or grassland ecosystems. However, how the symbionts affect species restoration in sunlight-intensive areas remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study’s objective was to assess the effect of AM fungi on apricot seedling physiology, within a specific time period, in northwest China. In 2010, an experimental field was established in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. The experimental treatments included two AM fungi inoculation levels (0 or 100 g of AM fungal inoculum per seedling), three shade levels (1900, 1100, and 550 µmol m−2 s−1), and three ages (1, 3, and 5 years) of transplantation. We examined growth, Pn, and morphological indicators of apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) seedling performances in 2011, 2013, and 2015. The colonization rate in mycorrhizal seedlings with similar amounts of shade is higher than the corresponding controls. The mycorrhizal seedling biomass is significantly higher than the corresponding non-mycorrhizal seedling biomass. Generally, Pn, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency are also significantly higher in the mycorrhizal seedlings. Moreover, mycorrhizal seedlings with light shade (LS) have the highest Pn. WUE is increased in non-mycorrhizal seedlings because of the reduction in Tr, while Tr is increased in mycorrhizal seedlings with shade. There is a significant increase in the N, P, and K fractions detected in roots compared with shoots. This means that LS had apparent benefits for mycorrhizal seedlings. Our results also indicate that AM fungi, combined with LS, exert a positive effect on apricot behavior.
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Hutauruk, Deswidya, Dwi Suryanto, and Erman Munir. "ASAI ISOLAT BAKTERI KITINOLITIK BACILLUS SP. BK17 PADA MEDIA PEMBAWA TANAH GAMBUT DAN KOMPOS JANJANG KELAPA SAWIT DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR PATOGEN SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII DAN FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM PADA KECAMBAH CABAI." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 16, no. 1 (2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11661-70.
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Assay of chitinolytic bacterial isolate of Bacillus sp. Bk17 in peat and palm oil bunch compost as carrier media in inhibiting Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum of chilli seedlings. Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum have been known as causal agents of seedling-off of chilli. Biological control has been used as an alternative control to replace chemical control. This study was aimed to determine the viability and ability of chitinolityc bacteria Bacillus sp. BK17 in carrier media of peat and palm oil bunch compost and in growing media to control seedling-off caused by S. rolfsii dan F. oxysporum of chilli. Our previous study showed that Bacillus sp. BK17 could reduce disease severity and intensity. Bacterial viability was measured as colony number grown after 90 days of storage in minimum salt medium with colloidal chitin as sole C source. Reduction of disease infection was measured as seedling number infected by S. rolfsii dan F. oxysporum. Seedling performances were measured as seedling height, leaf number and dry-weight after 30-days of growth. The result showed that bacterial cell viability was still high in both peat and palm oil bunch compost both with and without colloidal chitin addition after 90 days of storage. It was also shown that during application bacterial cell could grow. Seedling performaces i.e. seedling height, leaf number and dry-weight showed to be normal or even increase compared to those of pathogenic fungal inoculation only and (-) control.
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Bhuiyan, MAH, ME Ali, MR Khatun, F. Alam, and MB Banu. "Performances of different sources of arbuscular mycorrhiza on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 1 (2014): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20067.
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An experiment on the effect of different sources of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on tomato seedlings (var. Roma VF) was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during rabi 2007-08 and 2008-09. Eight sources of AM fungi viz., AM-01 (Jessore), AM-02 (Rahmatpur), AM-03 (Joydebpur), AM-04 (Ullapara), AM-05 (Jamalpur), AM-06 (Hathazari), AM-07 (Ishurdi), and AM-08 (Rajshahi) were studied along with a control and mixed sources on tomato seedlings. Soil based AM inoculum at the rate of 2.0 kg/m2 was used. Biomass yield of tomato (Roma VF) increased from 14.8% to 53.6% in 2007-08 and 32.1% to 58.4% in 2008-09 over control by inoculation with different sources of AM. The highest biomass yield (301 mg/seedling) of tomato (Roma VF) was observed with AM-05 (Jamalpur source), which was higher to all AM sources except AM-07 (Ishurdi source). Nutrient uptake by tomato seedlings was improved by inoculation with AM fungi. The AM fungi from all the sources appeared to be effective in enhancing the growth and development of tomato seedlings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20067 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 23-31, March 2014
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PADILHA, MATHEUS SANTIN, CILEIDE MARIA MEDEIROS COELHO, and GISIANE CAMARGO DE ANDRADE. "SEED RESERVE MOBILIZATION EVALUATION FOR SELECTION OF HIGH-VIGOR COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 4 (2020): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n407rc.
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ABSTRACT The efficiency of seed reserve mobilization (SRM) can be affected by genotype characteristics and seed initial physiological quality, which are determinant for the choice of cultivars that present plants with high physiological performances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the SRM in different common bean cultivars with different vigor and determine the differences in this process between seed lots and cultivars. Six common bean cultivars were grown in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 crop seasons in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The physiological quality of the cultivars was defined by germination test, accelerated aging test, seedling length, and vigor index, establishing two vigor groups (high vigor and low vigor). SRM was evaluated based on seed and seedling dry weights, use of seed reserves, use rate of seed reserves, SRM rate to the seedling, and use efficiency of seed reserves. The high-vigor cultivars presented higher use rates of seed reserves, SRM rate to the seedling, and use efficiency of seed reserves, favoring the development of vigorous seedlings. The evaluation of SRM is an alternative to improve control of internal seed quality and selection of high-vigor common bean cultivars.
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Rossi, Lorenzo, Lukas M. Hallman, Sawyer N. Adams, and Walter O. Ac-Pangan. "Impact of a Soil Conditioner Integrated into Fertilization Scheme on Orange and Lemon Seedling Physiological Performances." Plants 9, no. 7 (2020): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070812.
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Growers in Florida face unique challenges regarding maintaining proper citrus nutrition. Poor draining soils with low fertility, low C.E.C., and high rates of leaching are common in this region. In response to these challenges, interest has grown in products labeled as soil conditioners. Using a completely randomized experimental design, this greenhouse study tested the effects of 5 different combinations of a traditional fertilizer (TF) and a new soil conditioner (SC) on lemon and orange seedling physiology. Eight-month-old ‘Bearss’ lemon and ‘Valencia’ sweet orange grafted on sour orange rootstocks were employed, and five repetitions were used for each treatment. Plant biomass (dry weight), height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and nutrient uptake were analyzed after 120 days of treatment. The results show that SC has a positive impact upon both chlorophyll levels and stomatal conductance values in both orange and lemon seedlings. However, based on dry weight growth data, we can only conclude that the SC was effective for orange seedlings at 50% TF and 0.5% SC. Based on this short 120-day evaluation, the SC achieved positive growth promotion for orange (50% TF) but not for lemon seedlings.
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SALAM, MOIN U., JAMES W. JONES, and KAZUHIKO KOBAYASHI. "PREDICTING NURSERY GROWTH AND TRANSPLANTING SHOCK IN RICE." Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 1 (2001): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479701001016.
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Seedling growth in the nursery and the magnitude of shock experienced by the seedlings after transplanting can affect subsequent growth and development of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa). These two processes have not been adequately represented by rice growth simulation models. In this study, seedling growth in the nursery was described with respect to endosperm mobilization, dry matter (DM) distribution and seed size. In addition, the transplanting shock process was represented describing the crop development and growth in relation to seedling age at transplanting. These relationships, as two sub-models, were incorporated into CERES-Rice, a rice growth model, and their performances compared with independent field data. The nursery growth sub-model was also evaluated with another model, RIBHAB. Results of the comparison showed that the nursery growth sub-model, either with CERES-Rice or RIBHAB, closely predicted observed seedling growth. On the other hand, CERES-Rice overestimated root and leaf DM and underestimated culm DM, while RIBHAB underestimated all the growth traits considered in the evaluation. Transplanting shock period predicted by the sub-model closely mimicked observation, whereas CERES-Rice highly overestimated it. It is concluded that the developed nursery growth and transplanting shock sub-models can be incorporated into CERES-Rice and other rice growth models for better simulation of those growth processes.
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Nasiro, Kalifa. "INFLUENCE OF SEED INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT, STORAGE CONDITION AND TIME OF STORAGE ON SEEDLING GROWTH STAGES OF COFFEE (COFFEA ARABICA L.)." Agrobiological Records 4 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2020.024.
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Coffee is one of the most important agricultural products in the international market and many countries are involved in its production, trade or consumption. Arabica coffee is self-pollinated, homozygous, and normally propagated by seeds. Seeds have been considered intermediate storage behavior with varying results. It is highly desirable that seeds are stored safely to optimize coffee seedling production at the appropriate time and season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature, time of storage and initial seed moisture contents on early seedling performances of coffee seeds and to determine the appropriate seed handling method. In this experiment, the influence of initial seed moisture content with four levels (12, 17, 22 & 27%) with storage two temperature (15oC & ambient), time of storage with six levels (sowing after each month and upto 6 months) and on coffee seedling growth stages were studied in a split-split-plot factorial design. The data collected were subjected to ANOVA. The storage environment with cold temperature (15oC) accelerated seedling growth stages parameters much better performances than did ambient temperature condition. All tested seedling growth stages were faster at initial time of storage. After third month seed quality drastically reduced especially under ambient storage condition. Seeds dried to 12% moisture content showed delayed performance throughout the trial period. Seeds with 27% initial moisture content took shorter days to reach at different growth stages at initial storage time but when aged took much days. Storage temperature, time of storage and initial seed moisture contents showed highly significant main and interaction effects and seeds dried to intermediate moisture level (17 and 22%), stored under cold temperature and sown at early times resulted in enhanced seedling growth. It was concluded that drying coffee seeds to 17% to 22% moisture contents and kept under storage with relatively lower temperatures (15oC) for not more than six months of storage showed better performance.
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Waruwu, Filsafat, Bilman Wilman Simanihuruk, Prasetyo Prasetyo, and Hermansyah Hermansyah. "PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT DI PRE-NURSERY DENGAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN KONSENTRASI PUPUK CAIR Azolla pinnata BERBEDA." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 20, no. 1 (2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.20.1.7-12.
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[GROWTH OF OIL PALM SEEDLINGS IN PRE-NURSERY UNDER DIFFERENT MEDIA COMPOSITIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF Azolla pinnata LIQUID FERTILIZER]. Vigourous seedling is prerequisite to successful production of oil palm. Aside from the genetic quality of the planting material, supply of nutrients during early growth of the seedling play an important role in determinting the overall seedling performances. This study was performed to determine the best combination of media composition and concentration of liquid fertilizer made of Azolla pinnata for oil palm seedling growth during pre-nursery. A factorial arrangement of the treatments involving growing media consisted of different composition of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost and soil (1: 1, 1: 2, and 2: 1 v/v) and different concentration of Azolla pinnata liquid fertilizer applications (0, 20, 40, and 60 mL/L) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected for leaf number, stem diameter, seedling height, and leaf greenness at 30, 60, and 90 days after sowing (DAS). A significant interaction effect between the treatments was observed on leaf number at 60 and 90 DAS. A further regression analysis revealed that the highest number of leaves (4.3 at 60 DAS and 6.9 at 90 DAS) were attained on the media composition of 1:1 with liquid fertilizer application at 37.5 and 56 mL/L, respectively. Seedling height and stem diameter at 90 DAP showed quadratic responses to the increasing concentration of the liquid fertilizer applications. The maximum seedling height (26.22 cm) was attained at the liquid fertilizer concentrations of 36.21 mL/L. Similarly, the maximum stem diameter (7.43 mm) was attained at the concentration of 51.00 ml/L. The leaf greeneess at 60 DAS was increased in a linear fashion with the increasing concentration of the liquid fertilizer.
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Bantis, Filippos, Julia Graap, Elena Früchtenicht, Filippo Bussotti, Kalliopi Radoglou, and Wolfgang Brüggemann. "Field Performances of Mediterranean Oaks in Replicate Common Gardens for Future Reforestation under Climate Change in Central and Southern Europe: First Results from a Four-Year Study." Forests 12, no. 6 (2021): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060678.
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Climate change imposes severe stress on European forests, with forest degradation already visible in several parts of Europe. Thus adaptation of forestry applications in Mediterranean areas and central Europe is necessary. Proactive forestry management may include the planting of Mediterranean oak species in oak-bearing Central European regions. Five replicate common gardens of Greek and Italian provenances of Quercus ilex, Q. pubescens and Q. frainetto seedlings (210 each per plantation) were established in Central Italy, NE Greece (two) and Southern Germany (two, including Q. robur) to assess their performance under different climate conditions. Climate and soil data of the plantation sites are given and seedling establishment was monitored for survival and morphological parameters. After 3 years (2019) survival rates were satisfactory in the German and Italian sites, whereas the Greek sites exerted extremely harsh conditions for the seedlings, including extreme frost and drought events. In Germany, seedlings suffered extreme heat and drought periods in 2018 and 2019 but responded well. Provenances were ranked for each country for their performance after plantation. In Greece and Italy, Q. pubescens was the best performing species. In Germany, Q. pubescens and Q. robur performed best. We suggest that Greek or Italian provenances of Q. pubescens may be effectively used for future forestation purposes in Central Europe. For the establishment of Quercus plantations in Northern Greece, irrigation appears to be a crucial factor in seedling establishment.
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Pernot, Clémentine, Nelson Thiffault, and Annie DesRochers. "Influence of Root System Characteristics on Black Spruce Seedling Responses to Limiting Conditions." Plants 8, no. 3 (2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8030070.
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Roots directly affect planted seedling adaptation to new growing conditions at reforestation sites. To test the influence of root characteristics on the short-term response of seedlings to limiting resources (water, nutrient, or oxygen), we conducted two experiments. We compared (1) the growth and physiology of three types of four-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings (Containerized, highly developed initial roots restricted to a plug; bareroot, less developed but unrestricted initial roots; deeply-planted containerized, restricted initial and adventitious roots) to different combinations of irrigation and fertilization. We also investigated (2) the cellular plasticity of adventitious and initial roots to three irrigation regimes including flooding. Bareroot seedlings had better relative growth rates in height than containerized seedlings, probably due to their larger initial size. On the other hand, containerized seedlings took better advantage of fertilization, as shown by a higher relative growth rate in diameter compared to bareroot seedlings and were less affected by water limitation, possibly due to the root plug acting as an additional water reserve capacity. For containerized seedlings, the presence of adventitious roots was beneficial to height growth and physiological performances compared to seedlings with initial roots only. Adventitious roots showed great cell plasticity, particularly under flooding conditions.
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Tsegaye, Mintesnot, Belayneh Lemage, and Alemayehu Hido. "Seedling performance of different provenances of selected indigenous tree species in Debub Ari District, Southern Ethiopia." Global Journal of Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 2 (2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/gjees2020.086.
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Better understanding of variations in seed traits and seedling vigor in various populations of a given species is vital for appropriate nursery and tree planting technology. The main objective of this study was to identify better provenance for indigenous trees by testing seed germination and seedling traits. Seeds of six indigenous trees (Vachellia abyssinica, Vachellia seyal, Faidherbia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca and Terminalia laxiflora Engl.) were collected from different geographic areas. One hundred (100) polyethylene pots (20 cm height and 12 cm diameter) were filled with 2:1:1 ratio of local, forest soil and sand composition for seedlings. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD), 5 x 4 polyethylene pots in four replications of 20 polyethylene pots for each provenance was designed in the nursery and the provenances for selected species. Different early growth performance parameters were measured for each tested provenance. All collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA while the least significance difference was computed for mean separation. The seedling performance of Vachellia abyssinica and Vachellia seyal were significantly varied among the provenances. Vachellia abyssinica from Butajira provenance had the highest mean values across all the studied parameters. Except height, Kako provenance had the highest mean values across all the early performance parameters of Vachellia seyal. Seedling performances of Faidherbia albida in the nursery was significantly varied among the provenances except for root collar diameter. Provenance from Wondo Genet had the highest mean values of germination percent and comparable leaf numbers with provenance from Hawassa. It can be concluded that the observed patterns of variation will have the implication for genetic resources conservations and tree improvement. Accordingly, Butajira and Kako provenances could be taken as a good source of seed collection for Vachellia abyssinica and Vachellia seyal, respectively. Wondo Genet and Hawassa provenances could also ensure the provision of planting materials of Faidherbia albida for farmers. Further progeny tests in the field should be undertaken for a longer period to obtain definitive recommendations for early selection
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He, Chuntao, Zhihai Ding, Samavia Mubeen, Xuying Guo, Huiling Fu, and Guorong Xin. "Evaluation of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars as sensitive Cd biomarkers during the seedling stage." PeerJ 8 (January 27, 2020): e8478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8478.
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Sensitive seedling crops have been developed to monitor Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil. In the present study, 18 parameters involving growth conditions and physiological performances were assessed to evaluate Cd-responses of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Xihan1 (XH), Longzhong1 (LZ) and Dingfeng16 (DF). Principle component analysis illustrated that Factor 1, representing growth performance, soluble sugar content and catalase activity, responded to the Cd treatments in a dose dependent manner, while Factor 2 represented by chlorophyll content and germinating root growth was mainly dependent on cultivar differences. Higher inhibition rates were observed in growth performance than in physiological responses, with the highest inhibition rates of shoot biomasses (39.6%), root length (58.7%), root tip number (57.8%) and bifurcation number (83.2%), even under the lowest Cd treatment (2.5 mg·L−1). According to the Cd toxicity sensitivity evaluation, DF exerted highest tolerance to Cd stress in root growth while LZ was more sensitive to Cd stress, suggesting LZ as an ideal Cd contaminant biomarker. This study will provide novel insight into the cultivar-dependent response during using wheat seedlings as Cd biomarkers.
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Ronga, Domenico, Federica Caradonia, Enrico Francia, et al. "Interaction of Tomato Genotypes and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Reduced Irrigation." Horticulturae 5, no. 4 (2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040079.
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Climate change is increasing drought events and decreasing water availability. Tomato is commonly transplanted to an open field after seedling production in a nursery, requiring large volumes of water. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi help plants cope with drought stress; however, their effects depend on plant genotype and environmental conditions. In this study, we assessed the interactions among different tomato seedling genotypes and two AM fungi, Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices, under two water regimes, full and reduced. Our results showed that F. mosseae was more effective than R. intraradices in the mitigation of drought stress both in old and modern genotypes. However, seedlings inoculated with R. intraradices recorded the highest values of leaf area. ‘Pearson’ and ‘Everton’ genotypes inoculated with F. mosseae recorded the highest values of root, leaf, and total dry weights under reduced and full irrigation regimes, respectively. In addition, ‘Pearson’ and ‘H3402’ genotypes inoculated with F. mosseae under a reduced irrigation regime displayed high values of water use efficiency. Our results highlight the importance of using AM fungi to mitigate drought stress in nursery production of tomato seedlings. However, the development of ad hoc AM fungal formulations, which consider genotype x AM fungi interactions, is fundamental for achieving the best agronomic performances.
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Ruan, Shaoyi, Feida Wu, Rifang Lai, Xiangru Tang, Haowen Luo, and Longxin He. "Preliminary Application of Vermicompost in Rice Production: Effects of Nursery Raising with Vermicompost on Fragrant Rice Performances." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (2021): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061253.
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Vermicompost is an excellent organic fertilizer, but the application of vermicompost in fragrant rice production has not yet been reported. Seedling nursery is an important component of rice production. The present study firstly applied vermicompost in fragrant rice production through nursery raising. The seedlings of three fragrant rice cultivars were raised in matrix with different rations of vermicompost (the treatment without vermicompost was taken as the control), and the growth parameters and physiological characters of seedlings were investigated. The results showed that, compared with the control, the application of vermicompost significantly (p < 0.05) increased the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of fragrant rice seedlings by 11.22–24.73%, 38.34–65.87%, 16.74–30.46%, and 16.61–35.16%, respectively. Nursery raising with vermicompost significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the net photosynthetic rate by 5.99–12.93%, relative to the control. Higher contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll were recorded in vermicompost treatments than in the control. Compared with the control, vermicompost treatments also increased root length, surface area, mean diameter, root volume, root tip number, and root activity of fragrant rice seedlings by 12.42–27.82%, 15.04–38.65%, 12.64–23.12%, 42.41–63.58%, 18.62–24.95%, and 12.01–26.29%, respectively. Moreover, nursery raising with vermicompost enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide, peroxidase, and catalase by 7.97–24.21%, 17.11–44.99%, and 7.37–15.95%, respectively, relative to the control. Moreover, 7.92–29.40% lower malondialdehyde contents were recorded in vermicompost treatments compared with the control. Therefore, nursery raising with vermicompost could be a good agronomy practice in machine-transplanted fragrant rice.
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Koné, Mongomaké, Tchoa Koné, Nakpalo Silué, André Brahima Soumahoro, and Tanoh Hilaire Kouakou. "In VitroSeeds Germination and Seedling Growth of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae))." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/595073.
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc.) is an indigenous grain legume. It occupies a prominent place in the strategies to ensure food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of an efficientin vitroregeneration system, a prerequisite for genetic transformation application, requires the establishment of optimal conditions for seeds germination and plantlets development. Three types of seeds were inoculated on different basal media devoid of growth regulators. Various strengths of the medium of choice and the type and concentration of carbon source were also investigated. Responses to germination varied with the type of seed. Embryonic axis (EA) followed by seeds without coat (SWtC) germinated rapidly and expressed a high rate of germination. The growth performances of plantlets varied with the basal medium composition and the seeds type. The optimal growth performances of plants were displayed on half strength MS basal medium with SWtC and EA as source of seeds. Addition of 3% sucrose in the culture medium was more suitable for a maximum growth of plantlets derived from EA.
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Vassilevska-Ivanova, Roumiana, Lydia Shtereva, Boris Kraptchev, and Tanya Karceva. "Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) genotypes to PEG-mediated water stress." Open Life Sciences 9, no. 12 (2014): 1206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-014-0355-5.
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AbstractDrought tolerance of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes, cultivated cultivar 1114 and interspecific line H. annuus × H. mollis, was studied under laboratory conditions using PEG-6000. Four levels of osmotic stress (−0.4, −0.6, −0.8 and −1.0 MPa) were created and performances were monitored against a control. Physiological and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdechyde (MDA), proline content, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were compared between seedlings of both genotypes. The results indicated that both genotypes have similar responses at four osmotic potentials for all traits studied. All seedling growth parameters such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing osmotic stress. MDA, proline, and H2O2 were found to be increased at different osmotic gradients in comparison to control. Cultivar 1114 was less affected than the interspecific line under these stress conditions. The data observed in the experiments revealed that perennial wild H. mollis can hardly be considered to be an excellent candidate of drought tolerance genes.
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Bompy, Felix, Gauthier Lequeue, Daniel Imbert, and Maguy Dulormne. "Increasing fluctuations of soil salinity affect seedling growth performances and physiology in three Neotropical mangrove species." Plant and Soil 380, no. 1-2 (2014): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2100-2.
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GUNATILLEKE, C. V. S., I. A. U. N. GUNATILLEKE, P. M. S. ASHTON, and P. S. ASHTON. "Seedling growth of Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) across an elevational range in Southwest Sri Lanka." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 2 (1998): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000182.
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Performance of seedlings of seven rain forest, canopy dominant Shorea species was studied in a transplant experiment in forest sites at three different elevations (low, mid and high) within the humid zone of southwest Sri Lanka. Five species generally inhabit low- to mid-elevations, one at mid- and lower montane elevations, and one exclusively at lower montane elevations. Temperature, rainfall and cloudiness varied with elevation. For each site seedlings were grown in pots under partial shade conditions using similar soils and evermoist conditions. All growth measures showed differences among elevation sites, among species and in the interaction between species and elevation sites. Performances of species collectively showed (i) decline in height and leaf number with increase in elevation, (ii) higher dry mass at low- and mid-elevation sites compared to that at high-elevation and (iii) a higher mass of single leaves at the mid-elevation site than at the high-elevation site. Rank order of species changed across elevations for both height and dry mass. Dry mass declined with elevation in four of the seven species studied. S. gardneri, the only exclusively lower montane species, increased dry mass with elevation. Height declined with elevation for six of the species with only S. gardneri showing no change. Changes with elevation in the rank order of species for total leaf number and mass of single leaves were small. However, total leaf number and masses of single leaves differed among species and among elevations. S. megistophylla and S. disticha had a few leaves with high individual masses, while S. gardneri, S. affinis and S. trapezifolia had many leaves with less mass per individual leaf. One group of species showed relatively little change in leaf number per seedling and large changes in mass of single leaves. The other group varied more in leaf number but mass of individual leaves remained constant. Growth allocation to leaf production versus individual leaf size appears related to the successional division of Shorea section Doona. Also all species grew better at the low-elevation site irrespective of their natural ranges except S. gardneri, whose natural range is restricted to high elevations, and exhibits markedly lower growth responsiveness than the other wide ranging species.
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Polzella, Antonella, Mattia Terzaghi, Dalila Trupiano, et al. "Morpho-Physiological Responses of Pisum sativum L. to Different Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Light Spectra in Combination with Biochar Amendment." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030398.
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Light quality and nutrient availability are the primary factors that influence plant growth and development. In a research context of improving indoor plant cultivation while lowering environmental impact practices, we investigated the effect of different light spectra, three provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and one by a fluorescent lamp, on the morpho-physiology of Pisum sativum L. seedlings grown in the presence/absence of biochar. We found that all morpho-physiological traits are sensitive to changes in the red-to-far-red light (R:FR) ratio related to the light spectra used. In particular, seedlings that were grown with a LED type characterized by the lowest R:FR ratio (~2.7; AP67), showed good plant development, both above- and belowground, especially when biochar was present. Biochar alone did not affect the physiological traits, which were influenced by the interplay with lighting type. AP67 LED type had a negative impact only on leaf fluorescence emission in light conditions, which was further exacerbated by the addition of biochar to the growing media. However, we found that the combination of biochar with a specific optimal light spectrum may have a synergetic effect enhancing pea seedling physiological performances and fruit yield and fostering desired traits. This is a promising strategy for indoor plant production while respecting the environment.
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Kyeong-Cheol, Lee. "Photosynthetic Responses and Growth Performances Affected by Organic Compost Level in Seedling of Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai." Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 51, no. 4 (2017): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2017.51.4.65.
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Olajide, Amos Afolarin, and Christopher Olumuyiwa Ilori. "Genetic analysis of seedlings characters associated with drought tolerance in cowpea under a controlled environment." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 16, no. 3 (2017): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262117000235.
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AbstractCowpea is a major source of vegetable protein but its production is constrained by drought resulting in yield loss. Developing drought tolerance varieties can enhance yield and reduce the need for supplemental irrigation. Breeding for drought tolerance requires the knowledge of its genetic basis. Genetic basis for some seedling traits in cowpea was investigated. Seven generations (P1, P2, F1, RF1, F2, BC1 and BC2) each derived from two crosses involving two highly drought tolerant (Danilla and IT97K-499-35) and one highly susceptible parents (Tvu7778) were evaluated for drought tolerance in the screen house. Data on Seedling height (SH), Seedling terminal leaflet area (SLA), Seedling Vigour (SV) and Recovery Capacity (RC) were collected. The SV was assessed on a scale of 1 (highly-tolerant) – 9 (highly-susceptible), while RC (%) was evaluated at 5 d interval for 30 d. The hybrids F1 and RF1 showed the best performances in both crosses with SV ranged from 2.50 ± 0.00 in Danilla × IT97K-499-35 cross to 6.50 ± 1.00 in the Danilla × TVU7778 cross. In both crosses, F1 and RF1 had 100.0% RC. Both dominance (46.5–68.6%) and additive (31.4–53.5%) effects were found similar and important in all the traits under water stressed. The six-parameter model indicated few cases of gene interactions, mostly dominance × dominance. Narrow sense heritability ranged from 33.5% for SH to 50.1% for SLA in the cross Danilla × TVU7778 at terminal water stress. Inheritance of these traits in cowpea involved both additive and dominance gene action. However, dominance and/or dominance × dominance effects had a more pronounced effect in genetic control of all characters.
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Sulistiono, Wawan, Taryono Taryono, Prapto Yudono, and Irham Irham. "Early-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Application Improved Physiological Performances of Sugarcane Seedling and Further Growth in the Dry Land." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 4 (2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n4p95.
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The Indonesian sugarcane production in the dryland was not optimal due to physiological stress. The research to improve their physiological characteristics by arbuscular mycorrhizal application was conducted at inceptisol soil from April 2014 to February 2015, using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was clones PS864, Kidangkencana, PS881, Bululawang, and VMC, whereas the second factor was timing of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum applications i.e.: in the field, nursery, and control. The results show that the mycorrhizal application in the nursery significantly increased the infection percentage (41.3%) at the age of 1 week after transplanting to the field. There are differences in physiological and growth performance of clones by the effect of timing of mycorrhizal application. Bululawang with mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage tended to have better physiological performance such as chlorophylls a, b, and total chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, leaf area, as well as the weight of stem biomass. Mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage showed the highest increase of net assimilation rate on the PS864 and, BL clones, and the highest crop growth rate on the PS864, KK and BL clones. The mycorrizal inoculum application in the nursery increased the biomass weight of stem (11-61.1%). Infection percentage of mycorrhiza was positively correlated with the biomass weight with r2 values of 0.54.
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WIBAUX, THOMAS, DANY-CLAUDE KONAN, DIDIER SNOECK, PATRICK JAGORET, and PHILIPPE BASTIDE. "STUDY OF TREE-TO-TREE YIELD VARIABILITY AMONG SEEDLING-BASED CACAO POPULATIONS IN AN INDUSTRIAL PLANTATION IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE." Experimental Agriculture 54, no. 5 (2017): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479717000345.
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SUMMARYIn Côte d'Ivoire, the world's largest cocoa producer, cacao (Theobroma cacaoL.) is usually grown from seed. The genetics consist of a mix of amelonado, trinitario and selected hybrids. This mix of varieties generates high phenotypic variabilities, including variability in tree productivity, within cacao populations in both smallholder and industrial plantations. Tree-to-tree variability in yield has been reported in cacao breeding trials under different environmental conditions. However, it has never been considered a limiting factor for agronomical performance of seedling-based cacao plantations. Around 10 000 cacao trees from seven plots under different environmental conditions in a cacao plantation in Côte d'Ivoire were monitored for 2 years. Pod production of individual trees was recorded and annual average tree pod yields were assessed. High heterogeneity in cacao-tree yields was observed in all plots, with coefficients of variation ranging from 56 to 102%. The distribution of cacao-tree yields in each plot was positively skewed. Analysis of these distributions showed that unproductive trees represented a significant proportion of cacao tree populations (7%), and the 20% least productive trees accounted for 3% of production. The 20% most productive trees were responsible for 46% of the total pod production of a plot. This heterogeneity reflects a major imbalance in the agronomical performances of low- and high-yielding trees and also represents possible efficiency gaps in seedling-based cacao plantations, which could be overcome through innovative corrective strategies, opening new pathways for improvement of cacao-based cropping systems.
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Baliuckas, V., T. Lagerström, L. Norell, and G. Eriksson. "Genetic Variation Among and Within Populations in Swedish Species of Sorbus aucuparia L. and Prunus padus L. Assessed in a Nursery Trial." Silvae Genetica 54, no. 1-6 (2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2005-0001.
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Abstract Seedlings originating from open-pollinated offspring of six and four populations of Prunus padus and Sorbus aucuparia, respectively, were studied with respect to phenology and growth traits for 3-4 years in a nursery. There were no replications at the population levels since the experiments should be converted to seedling seed orchards. Therefore, a special statistical model for analysis of the population effect was developed making use of neighbour performances. This model was also used for derivation of heritabilities. The heritabilities for phenology traits were in many cases high in P. padus, > 0.40, while they varied in the range 0.07-0.62 in S. aucuparia. The population effect was significant for all growth rhythm traits in P. padus and for a majority of traits in S. aucuparia. In both species the heritability for height decreased over time. Only bud flushing in P. padus indicated a relationship with population latitudinal origin in some cases. The genetic correlations between bud flushing different years were relatively strong in both species while the corresponding correlations for leaf colouring were moderate in P. padus and weak in S. aucuparia. In conclusion, the observed structure suggests that the pattern of seed dispersal may have an influence on the among- and within-population variation.
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Tania, Shaila Shermin, Md Mokter Hossain, and M. Abul Hossain. "Effects of hydropriming on seed germination, seedling growth and yield of bitter gourd." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 3 (2019): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43197.
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The experiment was conducted to find out the effects of hydropriming on seed germination, seedling growth and yield of bitter. Two single factor experiments were conduced at the laboratory and field of Seed Science and Technology Department following completely randomized design with three replications and randomized complete block design with five replications, rspectively. The experiments comprised six soaking treatments viz. T0: untreated (control), T1: tap water (around 25º ± 2º C) for overnight, T2:cold water (12ºC) for 5 min, T3: cold water (12ºC) for 10min, T4:cold water (12ºC) for 15min, T5: hot water (45ºC) for 5 min and T6: hot water (45ºC) for 10min soaking. The highest germination (88.0%) was obtained from T5 treatment and the lowest germination (30.0%) was recorded in control treatment. It was also observed that T5 treatment exehibited superior performances in respect of most of the parameters studied in the laboratory as well as in fiield experiment as compeared to control treatment. In respect of fruit yield per plant, maximum number of fruits obtained from T5 treatment (16 fruits/plant) followed by T6 (14 fruit/plant), T1 (12 fruit/plant), T2 (12.0 fruit/plant), T3 (11.2 fruit/plant) and T4 (11.2 fruit/plant) and the minimum number of fruits per plant recorded from the control treatment (7.6). From the findings of these study it can be concluded that bitter gourd seeds soaked in hot water at 45ºC for 5 min could improve seed germination, expedite seedling growth and eventually increase the yield of fruit.
 J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 281–287, 2019
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TAYE, K., and J. BURKHARDT. "Hydraulic resistances in seedlings of Coffea arabica accessions under contrasting shade regimes in southwestern Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 5 (2012): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961200069x.
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SUMMARYThe study was carried out to determine the variations among different Coffea arabica germplasm lines in hydraulic resistances under controlled nursery settings at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center in southwest Ethiopia. The experimental treatments included contrasting shade conditions (moderate shading v. full sunlight) and seedlings of 12 arabica coffee accessions of varying geographical areas in Ethiopia. Root hydraulic conductance and hydraulic resistances in the whole-shoot and different shoot parts were measured using a high-pressure flow meter. The results depicted significantly lower hydraulic resistances in the whole-shoot and in various shoot segments from the full sunlight exposed seedlings. The contribution of root and shoot resistances varied significantly in response to shade treatments. Likewise, seedlings of coffee accessions exhibited significant variation in the resistance contribution of the main stem-cut to whole-shoot resistances. The maximum hydraulic resistances in main stem-cut were noted in the order of Bonga>Berhane-Kontir>Yayu>Harenna coffee populations, suggesting a direct relationship between growth and hydraulic characteristics. The resistance contributions declined across seedling growth parts: roots>leaf>whole-shoot>lateral branch>petiole, which is consistent with hydraulic gradients and thus sensitivity to drought stress. Moreover, the findings indicate the possibility of predicating the latter stage performances of coffee genotypes at specific field locations. In support of the hypothesis, the effects of both environmental and genetic factors need to be considered in fully understanding drought tolerance strategies in coffee genotypes. In view of the continuous multifaceted threats on the untapped coffee genetic resources, due mainly to, among others, anthropogenic activities coupled with climate change, there is an urgent need for global collaborative actions for future development of the coffee sector in Ethiopia and worldwide.
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Riikonen, Johanna, and Jaana Luoranen. "Seedling Production and the Field Performance of Seedlings." Forests 9, no. 12 (2018): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120740.
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The rapid establishment of seedlings in forest regeneration or afforestation sites after planting is a prerequisite for successful reforestation. The relationship between the quality of the seedling material and their growth and survival after outplanting has been recognized for decades. Despite the existence of a substantial amount of information on how to produce high-quality seedlings, there is still a need to develop practices that can be used in nurseries and at planting sites to be able to produce well-growing forest stands in ever-changing environments. This Special Issue of Forests is focused on seedling quality and how it can be manipulated in a nursery as well as how the quality of the seedlings affects their field performance after planting.
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Benítez-Malvido, Julieta, Miguel Martínez-Ramos, José Luis C. Camargo, and Isolde D. K. Ferraz. "Responses of seedling transplants to environmental variations in contrasting habitats of Central Amazonia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 4 (2005): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002439.
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In the Central Amazon we investigated whether seedling performance (survival, and relative growth rates in height and leaf numbers) was affected by initial seedling size (height and leaf numbers) in habitats that varied in their degree of human disturbance: cattle pasture, young secondary forest, 1-ha forest fragment and old-growth forest. Additionally, effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), litter standing crop (LSC) and insect herbivory were evaluated 12 mo after transplantation in seedlings from the native canopy trees Chrysophyllum pomiferum, Micropholis venulosa and Pouteria caimito. Seedling performance changed rank across the understorey environment depending on species. Seedlings of Chrysophyllum thrived in all conditions but under high PAR, Micropholis thrived only in intermediate light conditions, whereas Pouteria thrived under high PAR. Effects of initial seedling size, PAR and herbivory after 1 y were specific to species, whereas LSC had no effect on performance. Initially larger seedlings resulted in lower survival for Chrysophyllum and Pouteria. Herbivory affected seedling performance in all species. Negative effects of herbivory were intensified under low PAR. Overall, our results showed that, as seedlings, species of the same family and characteristic of old-growth forests respond differently to the environmental constraints present in contrasting human-disturbed conditions. Larger seedlings may not always present greater tolerance to physical and biotic mortality risks.
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Reynolds, Phillip E., and Michael J. Roden. "Short-term Performance of two hexazinone formulations: Efficacy, seedling survival and growth." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 2 (1995): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71228-2.
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Liquid (VELPAR L) and dry-flowable (VELPAR ULW) hexazinone (2 kg ai ha−1) were aerially applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim] competition. Treatments were applied in June 1987; planting with containerized (multipot) black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] was conducted 2 and 14 months after treatment in August 1987 and 1988. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly through August 1991. Hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, seedling survival, or growth. Five growing seasons after treatment, raspberry cover was generally less in treated plots than in controls. Seedling survival did not differ among treatments for seedlings planted at either time interval after hexazinone treatment. Seedlings planted 14 months after hexazinone treatment grew poorly compared with those planted 2 months after herbicide treatment. Stem volume of seedlings planted 2 months after hexazinone treatment exceeded that of control seedlings in the first growing season after planting and remained greater than that of control seedlings through 1991. Stem volume increases over controls were restricted to the second growing season after planting for seedlings planted 14 months after hexazinone treatment. Fourth-year stem volume of seedlings planted 2 months after hexazinone treatment was correlated with raspberry cover (r2 = 0.34). As raspberry cover increased, black spruce growth decreased. Key words: liquid hexazinone, dry-flowable hexazinone, site preparation, black spruce, multipot stock, seedling survival, stem volume, raspberry cover
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Chaney, William R., and William R. Byrnes. "Effect of Seedling Age and Taproot Length on Performance of Oak." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 4 (1993): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/10.4.175.
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Abstract White oak and northern red oak seedlings were planted in an old field site in Indiana and evaluated for 9 yr to determine if seedling age and initial taproot length affected growth performance. Both 1-0 and 2-0 seedlings were produced in specially designed containerized seedbeds that provided for root pruning to lengths of 23 and 30 cm through control of the level of water saturation in the rooting medium. Survival of both species was high, 95%-100%. Northern red oak growth was not significantly influenced by initial seedling age or taproot length. White oak, however, performed the best when seedlings were 2 yr old and had a 30 cm long taproot. Seedling age was the more important factor affecting growth. North. J. Appl. For. 10(4):175-178.
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Simpson, David G., and Alan Vyse. "Planting stock performance: Site and RGP effects." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 6 (1995): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71739-6.
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Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco], interior spruce [Picea glauca Moench (Voss), Picea engelmannii (Parry) and their naturally occurring hybrids] and lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) seedlings were planted on several forest sites in south central British Columbia. At planting, root growth potential (number of newly elongated roots longer than 10 mm per seedling) was determined. Trees were assessed for survival and height for at least five years. Survival of Douglas-fir and growth of all three species was affected by planting site, probably reflecting moisture and growing season temperature differences among sites. High (> 70%) survival, but not total height or mean annual relative growth rate was associated with root growth potential levels greater than 10 new roots per seedling in interior spruce and lodgepole pine. Survival and growth of Douglas-fir were not related to root growth potential. Fertilization of interior spruce seedlings at planting decreased survival 18% over seven growing seasons, and did not affect growth of surviving seedlings. Key words: reforestation, root growth potential, seedling quality, Douglas-fir, interior spruce, lodgepole pine, field performance
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Reynolds, Phillip E., and Michael J. Roden. "Short-Term Performance of Three Hexazinone Formulations: Efficacy, Seedling Survival, and Growth." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 1 (1996): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/13.1.41.
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Abstract Granular (PRONONE 10G and 5G) and liquid (VELPAR L) hexazinone (1 to 4 kg ai/ha) were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (loams, silt loams, and clay loams) to reduce raspberry competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, occurred in May and September 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for 5 growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, seedling survival, or growth. Raspberry cover for the 4 kg ai/ha treatment and for fall treatments remained less than that for controls. Survival of seedlings planted approximately 1 month after spring treatment was less than controls, but seedling stem volume was greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Survival and stem volume of seedlings planted approximately 1 yr after spring treatment or 9 months after fall treatment were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Best survival and growth occurred for seedlings planted 1 yr after spring treatment. Fifth-year stem volume for these seedlings was correlated with raspberry cover (r2 = 0.35), decreasing as raspberry cover increased. We conclude that the use of the PRONONE 10G formulation offers operational advantages over the liquid formulation. North. J. Appl. For. 13(1):41-45.
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Ioannidis, Kostas, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Katerina Koutsovoulou, Evangelia N. Daskalakou, and Petros Ganatsas. "Effect of Seedling Provenance and Site Heterogeneity on Abies cephalonica Performance in a Post-Fire Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116097.
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Reforestation constitutes a challenge in post-fire ecosystem restoration, although there are limitations such as species and genotype selection, planting and management design, and environmental conditions. In the present study, the basic issue is the longevity of Abies cephalonica Loudon—the Greek fir seedlings planted extensively in Parnitha National Park (Central Greece), located near the metropolitan city of Athens, following the large-scale wildfire of 2007. Seedling performance was assessed for a 3-year monitoring period (2013–2015) through the establishment of 8 permanent transects, including 400 seedlings at the burned, reforested sites. According to the long-term reforestation project, two seedling provenances were used: (a) from Mt. Mainalon (South Greece, Vytina provenance) and (b) the local one from Mt. Parnitha. Both provenances showed a relatively successful survival rate reaching, in average, 73.8%, with the first summer after planting being crucial for seedling survival. The overall mean seedling height was 39.2 ± 1.1 cm, with a mean crown diameter of 47.3 ± 1.4 cm in the last monitoring survey. Although Parnitha seedlings seem to perform better in terms of growth, seedling performance in both provenances was affected by reforestation site characteristics, mainly altitude and aspect. Approximately one third of seedlings exhibited damage in their crown architecture (29.8%), while apical bud damage was less extensive (12.2%) in the final field measurement. Data indicate that seedling performance has proved to be quite promising for post-fire restoration, although long-term monitoring data should be considered.
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Chanway, C. P., and F. B. Holl. "First year field performance of spruce seedlings inoculated with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 11 (1993): 1084–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-164.
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The influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on field performance of hybrid spruce (Picea glauca × engelmannii) was investigated by inoculating seedlings with rhizobacteria capable of stimulating seedling growth in a controlled environment. Two spruce ecotypes (from Mackenzie and Salmon Arm, British Columbia) and two bacterial strains previously isolated from naturally regenerating seedlings of each spruce ecotype were evaluated. Planting trials were conducted in the ecosystem from which each spruce ecotype and associated bacterial strain were originally collected, and at two alternative sites. Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava, which was isolated from Mackenzie spruce seedlings, caused increases in seedling biomass or branch number of up to 49%, but was most effective as a root growth promoter of the Salmon Arm spruce ecotype. Pseudomonas putida, which originated from Salmon Arm spruce seedlings, increased seedling biomass or branch number in two trials, but had inhibitory effects in three others. There was no indication that growth promotion was related to a common ecotypic origin of seedlings and rhizobacteria, or that bacteria were more effective in the ecosystem from which they were originally isolated. However, Salmon Arm spruce growth promotion by H. pseudoflava was greatest at the poorest quality planting site.Key words: field trials, inoculation, PGPR, spruce.
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GUBBELS, G. H., and E. O. KENASCHUK. "EFFECT OF SPRING SEEDLING RESIDUES ON THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SUBSEQUENT FLAX AND BARLEY CROPS SEEDED WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR TILLAGE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 1 (1989): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-017.
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Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of spring seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and a weed mixture on the growth and yield of subsequent crops of flax and barley seeded after tillage of the seedling plots. Some treatments were also tested without tillage, the seedlings being killed with paraquat. The large quantities of spring seedling residues had variable effects on flax yields, resulting in increases in some years and decreases in others compared to seedling-free plots. Flax yields were generally reduced by canola, flax and weed seedling residues, and increased by barley seedling residue. Averaged over 6 yr, canola seedlings reduced flax yields by 2% and barley increased flax yields by 3% with conventional tillage. On the other hand, barley yields were reduced 7% by conola and 17% by barley seedling residues. Yields of flax and barley were higher without than with tillage of the seedlings prior to seeding. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of the seedling residues on soil crusting, toxic compounds in the residues and toxic compounds formed during decomposition of the residues.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L., plant residues, tillage systems
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Yücedağ, Cengiz, Nebi Bilir, and Halil Barış Özel. "Phytohormone effect on seedling quality in Hungarian oak." Forest Systems 28, no. 2 (2019): e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019282-14604.
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Aim of study: to find out the effects of four phytohormones, including Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), and Gibberellic acids (GA3, GA4) on seedling growth of Hungarian oak which has a natural distribution in the northwestern of Turkey.Area of Study: Mature acorns of Hungarian oak were collected from a natural stand in Zonguldak-Ereğli at northwestern region of Turkey.Material and Methods: Collected acorns of the species were pretreated with 300 ppm of each phytohormone for 24 hours and sown in Yenihan State Forest Nursery of Bartin, Turkey. Two years old bare-root seedlings were used for the measurements of seedling height, root collar diameter, stem, root and seedling fresh weights, and stem, root and seedling dry weights of two bare-root seedlings for each phytohormone treatment.Main results: Best performance of all studied seedling traits with the exception of root collar diameter was revealed in seedlings with IBA. In contrast, treatment of seeds with GA3 reduced all seedling traits apart from seedling height and root collar diameter. According to Dickson quality index, IBA was displayed to be the most beneficial phytohormone application for generating Hungarian oak seedlings with better mechanical resistance during transplanting.Research Highlights: IBA should be adopted in planting the seedlings of Hungarian oak for plantation activities.
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MacDonald, Joanne E., and John N. Owens. "Morphology, Physiology, Survival, and Field Performance of Containerized Coastal Douglas Fir Seedlings Given Different Dormancy-induction Regimes." HortScience 41, no. 6 (2006): 1416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1416.
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The effects of different dormancy-induction regimes on first-year containerized coastal Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] seedling morphology and physiology in the nursery, as well as seedling survival and performance after one growing season in a common garden, were investigated. In early July, three dormancy-induction regimes were applied: moderate moisture stress (MS), short day (SD), and short day with moderate moisture stress (SD+MS). In early October, seedling height, root collar diameter, and shoot dry weight were unaffected by regime, but root dry weight was reduced in seedlings from the MS and SD+MS regimes compared with the SD regime. At this time, morphogenesis was completed in all terminal buds of seedlings from both SD regimes, whereas it continued in all terminal buds of seedlings from the MS regime. Furthermore, 25% to 88% of terminal buds from the SD regimes were endodormant, but none from the MS regime were endodormant. In March, budbreak occurred at the same time in seedlings from the two SD regimes and was earlier than in seedlings from the MS regime; root growth capacity was unaffected by regime. After one growing season, there were no regime differences in seedling survival, root collar diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, length of the current-year leader, or number of needles on the leader.
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Basbag, S., and R. Ekinci. "Agronomical and Technological Performances of Some Early Cotton Cultivars Planted As Second Crop in Diyarbakir Condition, Turkey." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 50, no. 4 (2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2017-0038.
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AbstractThe opportunity to increase agricultural areas is limited, so that increasing demands can be achieved by producing more products from existent agricultural areas. Second cropping is a sustainable practice in which more than one crop is grown consecutive on the same ground. This study was carried out to determine agricultural and technological properties of growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) as second crop on stubble of ridge planted wheat in Diyarbakır. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Dicle University Agricultural Faculty as randomize complete block design with three replications. Eight cotton varieties (Berke, Lachata, BA 119, STV 468, STV 373, Özbek 100, Fantom and DP 396) were used as material. Wheat, planting on ridge, was harvested approximately 10 cm above the soil surface June 12, 2012. Straws of harvested wheat were removed from the experimental area. Same day cotton varieties were planted two rows on each ridge. The results indicated that STV 468, Fantom and Berke in terms of seed cotton yield; Fantom, Berke in terms of fiber length; DP 396 and Berke interms of fiber strength had given the highest values. However, our study suggested that whether very earlier cotton varieties (Özbek 100, Berke and Fantom) are grown, cotton will be grown as second crop after ridge planted wheat in the stubble seedling under Diyarbakır ecological condition.
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Lahav, Emanuel, Eli Tomer, Shmuel Gazit, and Uri Lavi. "Performance of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Seedlings Compared with Their Grafted Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 2 (1995): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.2.265.
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Most fruit-tree breeding projects are based on selection of seedlings in regard to their performance. The selected seedlings are vegetatively propagated, usually by grafting. It is highly important for the breeder to know whether the performance of the grafted tree will resemble the performance of the original seedling. In this study the performance of avocado and mango seedlings was compared with that of their grafted duplicates. Significant differences were found in only 8 out of 36 avocado traits and 2 out of 10 mango traits. Significant seedling x graft interaction was detected in 10 other avocado traits. These differences were considered of no practical significance, since their magnitude was of minor importance for the breeder. The conclusion for avocado and mango breeders is that for most traits selection could be carried out on ungrafted seedlings.
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Hallgren, S. W., and C. G. Tauer. "Root Growth Potential, First-Year Survival, and Growth of Shortleaf Pine Seedlings Show Effects of Life Date, Storage, and Family." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 4 (1989): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/13.4.163.
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Abstract Root growth potential (RGP), and first-year field survival and growth of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings were significantly affected by lift date, storage, and family. Seedlings lifted in December and January showed highest RGP, survival, and growth. Storage for 28 daysalways reduced survival and growth, and the effect was greatest for late-lifted seedlings. However, for late planting, the difference in performance between freshly lifted seedlings and earlier lifted and stored seedlings may be small. Large family differences existed for seasonal changesin RGP and survival, suggesting separate management by family may be beneficial. The presence of a terminal bud and secondary needles showed little value in predicting seedling performance, whereas RGP and number of primary lateral roots were strongly correlated with seedling survival. South.J. Appl. For. 13(4):163-169.
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S.H.S. Senarathne. "Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Based Biofertilizer on Coconut Seedlings Growth in Nursery." CORD 34, no. 2 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v34i2.17.
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The success of a coconut plantation, in terms of its field establishment as well as its future performance, is heavily dependent on the quality of the seedlings used. Coconut nurseries adopt different agronomic practices to produce good quality seedlings. Applying mycorrhizal inoculants is becoming an increasingly common practice in plant nurseries as it facilitates healthy seedling growth resulting in healthy and vigorous seedlings in the nursery, helps to reduce mortality rates of seedlings in the field and reduce water and fertilizer consumption. In this study effects of mycorrhizae based biofertilizer were evaluated for the growth of coconut seedlings in the nursery and field. The experiment was conducted at the Makadura Research Center in Sri Lanka. The nursery experiment treatments were, the presence of AMF based biofertilizer (50g per seedling or per bag) and absence of mycorrhizae based biofertilizer. In the field experiment, five treatments with 500g of AMF biofertilizerwith 25% recommended inorganic fertilizer mixture for young coconut palms (YPM) per seedling, 500g of AMF biofertilizer with 50% YPM per seedling, 500g of AMF biofertilizer with 75% YPM per seedling, 500g of AMF biofertilizer with 100% YPM per seedling and with only YPM per seedling. Root and shoot growth of seedlings were measured at monthly intervals in the nursery experiment. Leaf production rate and stem girth of the seedling were measured at six months interval in the field experiment. The application of bio fertilizer increased the volume and dry weight of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary roots in seedlings in the nursery significantly. A significantly higher leaf production rate and stem girth was observed in the field seedlings treatment with 500g of AMF biofertilizer with 75% YPM. The experiment concluded that application of bio fertilizer is beneficial for coconut seedlings in the nursery for the production good quality seedlings with well-developed roots resulting in better field establishment and in the field for fast and vigorous growth.
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Thiffault, Nelson. "Stock type in intensive silviculture: A (short) discussion about roots and size." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 4 (2004): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80463-4.
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I present an overview of some main issues related to the role of stock type in the intensive silviculture of conifers. The aim of my analysis is to answer some aspects of the question of whether or not foresters involved in intensive silviculture in eastern Canada should be concerned with stock type selection. When artificially establishing a forest stand, stock type selection can interact with other treatments to influence plantation success and productivity. Of particular importance are seedling size and root system characteristics. Research has demonstrated the greater intrinsic growth potential and competitive ability of larger seedlings as compared to standard stock sizes. These results also illustrate the multiplier effect of planting large spruce (Picea spp.) seedlings, combined with a release treatment to reduce competing vegetation. The larger size of bareroot seedlings compared to container seedlings has often been seen as improving their competitive potential, although mortality of such stock has been higher. However, recent nursery practices are increasing the size of containerized seedlings and improving the quality of bareroot stock. The issue is now more dependent on practical reforestation considerations than on field performance. Other considerations, such as seedling genetic potential and seedling nutritional status can be raised. The production of seedling characteristics specifically for growth performance is essential to intensive plantation management, but plantation success requires both proper stock type selection and appropriate silviculture. Key words: plantation, intensive forestry, seedling size, root systems, silviculture, boreal conifers
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Paine, C. E. Timothy, Kyle E. Harms, and Jesús Ramos. "Supplemental irrigation increases seedling performance and diversity in a tropical forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 2 (2009): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005798.
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Abstract:Diversity is positively correlated with water availability at global, continental and regional scales. With the objective of better understanding the mechanisms that drive these relationships, we investigated the degree to which variation in water availability affects the performance (recruitment, growth and survival) of juvenile trees. Precipitation was supplemented throughout two dry seasons in a seasonal moist forest in south-eastern Peru. Supplementing precipitation by 160 mm mo−1, we increased soil moisture by 17%. To generate seedling communities of known species composition, we sowed 3840 seeds of 12 species. We monitored the fates of the 554 seedlings recruited from the sown seeds, as well as 1856 older non-sown seedlings (10 cm ≤ height < 50 cm), and 2353 saplings (> 1 m tall). Watering significantly enhanced young seedling growth and survival, increasing stem density and diversity. Watering diminished the recruitment of species associated with upland forests, but increased the survival of both upland- and lowland-associated species. Though supplemental watering increased the growth of older seedlings, their density and diversity were unaffected. Sapling performance was insensitive to watering. We infer that variation in dry-season water availability may affect seedling community structure by differentially affecting recruitment and increasing overall survival. These results suggest that differential seedling recruitment and survival may contribute to the observed relationships between water availability, habitat associations and patterns of tree species richness.
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Sultana, Tania, S. Shamsi, and MA Bashar. "Prevalence of Fungi With Seeds of Twenty Brri Released Rice Varieties and Seed Quality Analysis." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 44, no. 1 (2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v44i1.46548.
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A total of 20 rice varieties of BRRI dhan 56 to BRRI dhan 75 were collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) for seed quality analysis, detection and identification of fungi associated with seeds of selected rice varieties. Dry inspection indicated that the percentage of pure seeds ranged from 90 - 100. The highest percentage of pure seed was found in BRRI dhan 66 and BRRI dhan 70 (100) and lowest in BRRI dhan 68 (90). A total of 21 fungal species were isolated from the selected rice varieties following “Blotter and Tissue Planting” methods. They were Alternaria padwickii, A. tenuissima, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. spicifera, Chaetomium globosum, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium sp.1, Fusarium sp. 2, Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Rhizopus stolonifer, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Trichoderma viride. Among them Penicillium sp., Drechslera oryzae, Aspergillus ochraceus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and Fusarium sp.1 were predominant in most of the rice varieties. In Tissue Planting method Drechslera oryzae showed the highest mean per cent frequency (6.69) and lowest was in the Bipolaris sorokiniana (0.41). Maximum total fungal association was recorded in variety BRRI dhan 61 (156.79%) and minimum in BRRI dhan 66 (24.69%). In Blotter method Penicillium sp. showed the highest mean per cent frequency (7.56) and lowest was in Rhizopus stolonifer (1.71). Maximum total fungal association was recorded in BRRI dhan 63 (147.37%) and minimum in BRRI dhan 65 (19.21%). Germination percentage of seeds was highest in BRRI dhan 66 (88) followed by BRRI dhan 67 (82), BRRI dhan 74 (80) and lowest in BRRI dhan69 (24). The percentage of seedling mortality was highest in BRRI dhan 63 (42) and lowest in BRRI dhan 74 (8.0) followed by BRRI dhan 67 (10). Correlation coefficient and regression analysis indicated that prevalence of fungi has significant effect on seed germination and seedling mortality. The present research work suggests that out of 20 BRRI rice varieties, BRRI dhan 65, BRRI dhan 66, BRRI dhan 67 and BRRI dhan 74 showed better performances on the basis of percentage of pure seed, fungal association, seed germination and seedling mortality.
 Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 79-89, June 2018
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Wang, Shi, Cheng Hua Li, and Wei Gao. "Simulation and Parametric Analysis of Vegetable Seedling Transplanting Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 4690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4690.
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In order to understand the performance of vegetable seedling transplanting mechanism, the movement of vegetable seedlings passing through seedling system was simulated based on Pro/E and ADMAS software. The equation of displacement and velocity of vegetable seedling were deduced. A nutrient soil bowl model of vegetable seedlings and a real size model were developed. We designed the parameters of vegetable seeding transplanting mechanism by theoretic analysis and optimum parameter. The validity of the parameters was demonstrated by simulation on the transplanting mechanism. The research can provide valuable theoretical principle for the parametric design, optima design and experiment of the vegetable seedling transplanting in the future.
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Borralho, Nuno M. G., and Peter J. Kanowski. "Correspondence of performance between genetically related clones and seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 3 (1995): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-056.
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The correspondence of the performance between genetically related vegetative propagules and seedlings, as expressed by the correlation between (1) rejuvenated propagules and seedling progeny of the same parent, (2) vegetative propagules and seedlings from the same family, and (3) seedlings and vegetative propagules taken from them, was investigated. In the absence of propagation effects, expected correlations improved with increasing additive variance and the number of seedlings and propagules tested, and ranged between moderate and high. Effects due to nonadditive genetic variance varied from unimportant, in the case of seedlings and vegetative propagules of the same family, to large, in the case of seedlings and their propagules. Simulation studies demonstrated that propagation effects common to specific clones (C-effects) resulted in a significant reduction in the magnitude of correlations if the covariance with true genetic effects is negative or zero, but had little effect when the covariance is positive. Propagation effects affecting all ramets equally (c-effects) did not cause any change in the correlations. Generally, comparisons between rejuvenated propagules and seedling progeny resulted in higher correlations, and were less affected by propagation effects, than other comparisons. They were also more robust against departures from assumptions of open-pollinated family structure. Results from empirical studies seem to agree well with expectations and suggest that propagation effects might be involved on the correspondence between genetically related clones and seedlings. Implications for selection and clonal deployment strategies need further investigation.
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Rustikawati, Rustikawati, Catur Herison, Muhammad Chozin, and Indres Indres. "Tolerance of 20 heirloom rice varieties at seedling stage salinity stressed and their growth in lowland coastal area." Akta Agrosia 23, no. 2 (2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.23.2.47-54.
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Coastal area of Bengkulu Province is home of many heirloom rice varieties and play an important role in contributing rice production in the province. However, as the climate change proceeds, a progressive sea water inundation has increased soil salinity mainly in low-lying areas and jeopardizing the sustainability of rice production in coastal regions. The use of salt-tolerant varieties, therefore, would be a sensible solution to alleviate the adverse effect of soil salinity in respect of maintaining the crop production in the coastal areas. The objective of this study was to examine the salinity tolerance of 20 heirloom rice varieties collected from a coastal area of Bengkulu Province. Prior to the screening process, lethal concentration 90 (LC90) was determined by assaying the seedlings of ‘Kuning Tinggi’ in a series of nutrient solution containing a different concentration of NaCl (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 and 10000 ppm). Using a regression analysis, LC90 was detected at a concentration of 3910 ppm. The screening was performed by exposing the varieties in the nutrient solution culture containing 4000 ppm NaCl and growing them on the tidal swamp. Under nutrient culture evaluation, the symptom of NaCl toxicity was scored and converted to salinity tolerance index. ‘Humbur’, ‘Kuning Tinggi’ and ‘Padang Bakung’ exhibited medium tolerant, while ‘Beram’, ‘Imperata’ and ‘Kuning’ exhibited very sensitive. Further evaluation of the tidal swamp for vegetative and generative performances signified that ‘Humbur’ and ‘Kuning Tinggi’ had medium tolerant to salinity stress
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Moosavi-Nezhad, Moein, Reza Salehi, Sasan Aliniaeifard, et al. "Blue Light Improves Photosynthetic Performance during Healing and Acclimatization of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158043.
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To investigate the importance of light on healing and acclimatization, in the present study, grafted watermelon seedlings were exposed to darkness (D) or light, provided by blue (B), red (R), a mixture of R (68%) and B (RB), or white (W; 35% B, 49% intermediate spectra, 16% R) LEDs for 12 days. Survival ratio, root and shoot growth, soluble carbohydrate content, photosynthetic pigments content, and photosynthetic performance were evaluated. Seedling survival was not only strongly limited in D but the survived seedlings had an inferior shoot and root development, reduced chlorophyll content, and attenuated photosynthetic efficiency. RB-exposed seedlings had a less-developed root system. R-exposed seedlings showed leaf epinasty, and had the smallest leaf area, reduced chlorophyll content, and suppressed photosynthetic apparatus performance. The R-exposed seedlings contained the highest amount of soluble carbohydrate and together with D-exposed seedlings the lowest amount of chlorophyll in their scions. B-exposed seedlings showed the highest chlorophyll content and improved overall PSII photosynthetic functioning. W-exposed seedling had the largest leaf area, and closely resembled the photosynthetic properties of RB-exposed seedlings. We assume that, during healing of grafted seedlings monochromatic R light should be avoided. Instead, W and monochromatic B light may be willingly adopted due to their promoting effect on shoot, pigments content, and photosynthetic efficiency.