To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Seedling Shoot.
Journal articles on the topic 'Seedling Shoot'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Seedling Shoot.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ekamawanti, Hanna Artuti, Lenawati Simanjuntak, and Abdurrani Muin. "Assessment of the Physical Quality of Eucalyptus pellita Seedlings from Shoot Cutting by Age Level." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 2 (2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl29280-290.
Full textAbstract:
The criteria for target seedling of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell are at least 90days old, with consequences for the length of stay of the seedlings in the nursery. This study must assess the suitability as a target seedling first if it wants to plant the seedlings under 90days old in the field. The research aimed to evaluate and obtain the regression equation for the seedling’s age with the seedling’s morphological characters. The shoot seedlings cuttings aged 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after planting in the cocopeat growing medium were assessed. The study was used a survey method with a purposive sampling technique to obtain 60 samples by assessing the growth and appearances of the seedling. Furthermore, 15 samples were taken at random to determine the dry weight of the seedlings. Seedlings aged 75 and 90 days indicated the standard criteria as target seedlings for height, diameter, number of leaves, seedling’s health, shoot appearances, and seedling roots. The two seedlings’age levels have a sturdiness index of 8.34-9.78; shoot-root ratio 3.9-4.5; and seedling quality index (SQI) 0.22-0.23. Seedling age had a powerful positive correlation with the sturdiness index and SQI (r = 0.84 and r = 0.96). The regression equation of the sturdiness index is y = 0.048x + 5.435 (R2 = 0.996) and SQI is y = 0.004x - 0.064 (R2 = 0.926). This research implies that 75 and 90-days seedlings can be considered as one of the criteria for the age of E. pellita shoot cuttings as the target seedling in the SOP of PT. Finnantara Intiga.Keywords: cocopeat, Eucalyptus pellita, Seedling Quality index, shoot cuttings, target seedling
2
Sucoff, Edward, Cindy Buschena, and Perry Tamte. "Desiccation and water potentials in the roots, leaves, and shoots of bare-root red pine and white spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (1985): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-157.
Full textAbstract:
Bare-root seedlings of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were dried in various controlled situations before measurement of water potential (ψ) and moisture contents. For each situation, root ψ was directly proportional to and highly correlated with shoot ψ. The regression lines did not vary with environment for fully exposed seedlings within a seedling lot. Regressions did differ between seedling lots and between seedlings that had roots only, shoots only, or both roots and shoots exposed. Since the differences between root and shoot ψ were sometimes large and roots are more likely to be damaged by a given level of desiccation during handling, we suggest that root ψ may be the preferred predictor of postplanting seedling behavior.
3
Sykes, SR. "Effects of seedling age and size on chloride accumulation by juvenile citrus seedlings treated with sodium chloride under glasshouse conditions." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850943.
Full textAbstract:
Chloride accumulation by juvenile citrus seedlings treated with sodium chloride for 56 days, using either nutrient solution culture (50 mM NaCl) or pot culture (75 mM NaCl) techniques under glasshouse conditions, was investigated in relation to seedling age. Ranking of cultivars on the basis of leaf chloride concentrations varied according to the age of seedlings examined. Leaf chloride concentrations of 6-, 5-, 4- and 3-month-old seedlings of eight cultivars examined in solution culture decreased with seedling age and were negatively correlated with seedling dry weight within some cultivars. Cultivar differences in leaf chloride concentrations, which occurred for all age groups, were negatively correlated with shoot growth and seedling dry weight for 5-month-old seedlings only. Leaf chloride concentrations of seedlings treated with NaCl in pot culture also changed with the age of seedlings (5, 17- and 29-monthsold) and varied between cultivars, with significant cultivar x age interactions. The effect of seedling size on chloride accumulation was investigated using nutrient solution culture. Six-month-old seedlings of four varieties were treated with NaCl (50 mM) for 56 days. Two size classes were obtained by growing seedlings at two densities before salt treatment. Small seedlings had greater shoot chloride concentrations than equivalent large seedlings and cultivar ranking, based on shoot chloride concentrations, changed with seedling size. Cultivar differences in leaf chloride concentrations were negatively correlated with seedling growth and dry weight for small seedlings but not for large seedlings. Seedling size had no effect on root chloride concentrations. The results suggest that screening very small seedlings for chloride exclusion is not feasible since rankings based on leaf chloride concentrations did not agree with documented data for grafted trees. There appeared to be a critical or threshold seedling age or size at or above which rankings for shoot chloride accumulation by good chloride excluders were consistent with documented field data. The results are discussed in relation to screening citrus hybrids for chloride exclusion under glasshouse conditions.
4
Svenson, Sven E. "Shading and DCPTA Interactively Influence Shoot Growth of Hypoestes." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 854D—854. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.854d.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to determine if shading and DCPTA application interactively influence seedling emergence and shoot growth of Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak. seedlings. Hypoestes `Carmine Red' seeds were soaked for 6 h in distilled water, and then soaked 6 h in solutions containing' 10 mg DCPTA/liter (30 mM) and 0.1% Tween-80, 0.1% Tween-80, or distilled water. Date of seedling emergence was recorded after sowing (0.5 cm) in 9-cm (460 ml) pots filled with 440 ml of a 5 pine bark: 4 Florida sedge peat: 1 sand medium. Forty pots from each of the three seed-soak treatments were grown under 30%, 63%, or 84% shading, provided by saran-type shadecloth, using natural photoperiods (completely randomized design). Shoot heights and dry weights were recorded 75 days after sowing. Neither shading nor DCPTA influenced total seedling emergence or seedling emergence rate (time to 50% emergence). Under 30% shading, seedlings from DCPTA-treated seeds were taller and had more shoot dry weight than seedlings from surfactant- or water-treated-seeds; however, DCPTA did not influence seedling height or shoot weight under 63% or 84% shading.
5
Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "CHILLING OF PEACH SEEDS, SEEDLINGS AND CUTTINGS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1088f—1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1088f.
Full textAbstract:
Correlations were made between the responses of seeds, physiologically dwarfed seedlings and dormant cuttings to similar chilling treatments. Seed germination correlated highly with growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Emergence and seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and shoot growth of dormant cuttings. Thus, germination was a better seed predictor of the mature peach chilling response than emergence or seedling growth. Growth of dwarfed seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of dormant cuttings. The anomalous leaf condition of peach seedlings may have confounded seedling growth after seed chilling, but was not a problem when the chilling treatment was provided to physiologically dwarfed seedlings. The dormancy release mechanisms that promoted seed germination, growth of physiologically dwarfed seedlings and growth of dormant cuttings were similar.
6
Marohnic, Jennifer, and Robert L. Geneve. "Container Volume and Height Affect Shoot and Root Development in Marigold Seedlings." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 868B—868. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.868b.
Full textAbstract:
Marigold seedlings were grown in four containers that differed in both volume and shape. Seedlings grown in 1.5-gal containers showed the greatest potential for shoot and root development 20 days after sowing. These seedlings had greater leaf area, shoot and root dry weight, and total root number and length compared to seedlings grown in 406 plug trays, 72-cell packs, or 6-inch containers. There was a positive correlation (r2 = 0.81) between cell volume and seedling growth as well as a positive correlation (r2 = 0.89) between container height with seedling growth. An attempt was made to separate the impact of container volume vs. container height on seedling growth. Containers were designed using acrylics to vary the container height while keeping the volume constant at 1500 cm3. There was a positive correlation (r2 = 0.87) between shoot and root dry weight with container height. The data suggest that both container volume and height contribute to overall seedling growth in marigold, but when container volume is not limiting, container height has a large impact on seedling development.
7
Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: III. Budbreak and Subsequent Growth of Physiologically Dwarfed to Near Normal Seedlings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 2 (1993): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.2.258.
Full textAbstract:
We studied the response of physiologically dwarfed (PD) to near normal peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] seedlings (`Johnson Elberta' seeds) to various chilling treatments. Peach seedlings were obtained by forcing seeds that had been subjected to a brief stratification treatment. Seedlings were divided into four types (groups) according to the length of the primary stem and the presence and size of lateral branches. The seedlings were used in a chilling study with treatments of five durations (20 to 60 days) at four temperatures (2 to 14C). Terminal shoot growth and lateral budbreak were recorded 17 days after forcing. Shoot and leaf dry weight were obtained after seedlings had grown for 64 days. Budbreak and growth improved with the duration of the chilling treatment. Generally, 7C was the best chilling temperature, with 2 or 10C only slightly less effective. Treatment at 14C did not promote budbreak or growth. Budbreak and growth had significant interactions between treatment duration and temperature. The seedling type and treatment duration interaction was significant for terminal shoot length, lateral budbreak, and leaf dry weight, but were probably the result of differences between the seedling types before treatment and not true interactions with the length of the treatment. There was a significant interaction between the seedling type and treatment temperature on terminal shoot growth. Subsequent shoot growth did not differ significantly between the seedling types after similar chilling treatments. Thus, shoot growth was the best indicator of the chilling process of `Johnson Elberta' peach seedlings. Indicators of dormancy removal such as lateral budbreak or terminal shoot growth after 17 days forcing were not good predictors of subsequent seedling growth.
8
Ren, Yun, Jianfang Zhu, Nazim Hussain, et al. "Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 8 (2014): 1461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-021.
Full textAbstract:
Ren, Y., Zhu, J., Hussain, N., Ma, S., Ye, G., Zhang, D. and Hua, S. 2014. Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1461–1469. Seedling quality is an essential indicator for seed yield in canola, which is affected by many factors, including seedling age. Two field experiments were conducted to compare canola seedling quality and seed yield on 30-, 35-, 40-, 45-, 50-, 55-, and 60-d-old seedlings in 2011 and 2012. The relationship between seedling quality traits and seed yield of different seedling ages was also analyzed. Results revealed that the highest seed yield obtained from 40-d-old seedlings was attributed to more branches and siliques per plant. The negative effect of young seedlings (30-d-old) on seed yield was greater than that of old seedlings (60-d-old). The reduction rates in seed yield on the 30- and 60-d-old seedlings were 25.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the 40-d-old seedlings. Increased root neck diameter, green leaf number, shoot, and root dry matter was the case on 40-d-old seedling transplanted plants compared with other ages. However, the increase was larger in the old seedlings than in the young seedlings. On average, the shoot and root dry weights of the 30-d-old seedlings were 1.9 and 1.7% of those in the 60-d-old seedlings. However, correlation analysis revealed that the seedlings with the highest shoot and root dry matter did not necessarily obtain the highest seed yield. Factor analysis suggested that the effects of root neck diameter and green leaf number on seed yield were more pronounced than those of shoot and root dry matter. Therefore, high seed yield in canola could be defined in terms of optimum green leaf numbers and branches per plant.
9
Livingston, N. J., and T. A. Black. "The growth and water use of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high-elevation south-facing clearcut." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 10 (1988): 1234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-190.
Full textAbstract:
Container-grown 1-0 seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) were spring planted on a south-facing high-elevation clearcut located on Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and their growth and development was measured over three successive growing seasons. Treatments designed to modify seedling microclimate, including provision of shade cards, irrigation, and irrigation and shade cards combined, had a marked effect on the extent and type of growth in all species. Irrigated seedlings had the largest shoot dry masses and the highest shoot to root dry mass ratios. Shaded seedlings had larger shoots than untreated seedlings, which had the lowest shoot to root dry mass ratios. All seedlings showed a pronounced decline in seasonal growth 1 year after planting. Douglas-fir seedlings exhibited a high degree of drought tolerance; in the driest year there was only a 20% difference in total dry matter production between irrigated and nonirrigated seedlings. Western hemlock and Pacific silver fir seedlings, despite not being drought tolerant, expended water to achieve growth and thereby exposed themselves to desiccation. Measurements of growing-season seedling dry matter production were better related to estimates of growing-season transpiration, obtained by summing the products of seedling leaf area, hourly D/(RvT′), where D is vapour pressure deficit, Rv is the gas constant for water vapour, and T′ is the absolute air temperature, and stomatal conductance derived from a boundary-line analysis model, than to estimates of growing-season average total seedling canopy conductance, i.e., the average of the products of seedling leaf area and stomatal conductance.
10
Dufault, Robert J. "Relationship among Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertility Regimes on Celery Transplant Growth." HortScience 20, no. 6 (1985): 1104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.6.1104.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract ‘Utah 52-70R’ celery (Apium graveolens L.) seedlings were fertilized weekly with solutions containing N, P, and Κ to determine the nutrient needs required to produce high quality transplants. As Ν rate increased from 10 to 250 ppm, shoot number, seedling diameter and height, leaf area/seedling, shoot and root dry weight/seedling, and dry weight/shoot increased in 52-day-old seedlings. As P rate increased from 5 to 125 ppm, seedling diameter, height, shoot dry weight/shoot, and leaf area increased, but root dry weight and shoot number were not affected. Nitrogen interacted with P for all growth variables measured. Increasing P rates from 5 to 125 ppm significantly increased shoot number, diameter, height, and shoot and root dry weights only in combination with Ν rates of at least 250 ppm; however, dry weight/shoot, leaf area, and root to shoot dry weight ratios increased with P rates used in conjunction with at least 50 ppm N. Potassium rates from 10 to 250 ppm affected neither the growth variables nor did they interact with P or N. Therefore, to grow high-quality celery transplants, nutrient solutions should contain at least 250N–125P–10K (ppm) if a ver-miculite-peat-perlite medium low in N, P, and Κ is used.
11
Azad, Md Salim, and Md Mehedi Hasan Sumon. "Species Specific Responses to Age on Nodule Formation, Seedling Growth, and Biomass Production of Acacia auriculiformis at Nursery Stage." Journal of Botany 2016 (August 16, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6960783.
Full textAbstract:
Nodulation responses of leguminous trees are very important for intercropping to reduce reliance on artificial nitrogen input through nitrogen fixation in agroforestry system. This study was carried out to evaluate the status of nodulation (i.e., the number of nodules and their shape and size) in root and biomass production of plant growth parameters (i.e., number of leaves, shoot height, root biomass, and shoot biomass) of A. auriculiformis seedlings. The assessment was conducted 60 days after seed germination. The study revealed significant differences in nodule number per seedling, leaf number per seedling, shoot height, and biomass accumulation (both green and oven dry weight) with seedling age (p<0.05). The study also revealed significant correlation among the variables of nodulation responses and biomass production. The results obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) justified correlation matrix of nodulation responses and biomass production of this species. The PCA showed that root biomass per seedling, leaf number per seedling, nodule number per seedling, shoot height, age of seedling, and shoot biomass per seedling were clustered with PC1 (with an eigenvalue of 5.59) and root shoot ratios were clustered with PC2 (with an eigenvalue of 1.82). Our study justified that shoot height may be an important determinant of nodule formation of A. auriculiformis.
12
KR, Reshmi Raj, Gopala Krishnan S, Arun Kumar MB, and VP Bansal. "Influence of differential root and shoot growth rate on seedling vigour index in rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, no. 3 (2022): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.7.
Full textAbstract:
Early seedling vigour is an important trait in direct seeded rice which determines the growth and yield. It is a complex trait and is found to be associated with germination and seedling growth. The rice genotypes, BPT 5204 and PB 1850-27 were screened for early seedling vigour traits and the data was recorded on germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight. The seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II were calculated for both the genotypes. It was observed that seedling vigour index I and II was found higher in PB 1850-27 as compared to BPT 5204. The principal component analysis was done to study differential root and shoot growth rate in F1 plants with parents. It was observed that growth rate in F1 seedlings was found higher than both the parents. The root growth in F1 plants resemble BPT 5204 during initial days of germination, while shoot growth pattern exhibited similarity only with PB 1850-27. The F2 population exhibited segregation for mean root and shoot length.
13
Elliott, R. H., L. W. Mann, and O. O. Olfert. "Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling vigour and tolerance of summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 2 (2007): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-166.
Full textAbstract:
A 3-yr study was conducted on three synthetic Brassica rapa L. cultivars to determine the effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling growth and susceptibility to feeding damage by flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Seed lots of AC Boreal, Fairview and Hysyn 110 were sieved to obtain small, medium and large seeds (1.4–1.6, 1.6–1.8 and 1.8–2.0 mm, respectively). In the laboratory, seedlings grown from large seeds had the largest cotyledons, highest shoot dry weight and highest biomass. Shoot weights increased as seed size increased. Sized seeds of the three cultivars were grown in the field without insecticides in 1998–2000. Seedlings of small seeds had the highest flea beetle damage and poorest seedling establishment. Shoot dry weight and biomass 14–35 d after planting increased as seed size and seed weight increased. Compared with small seeds, large seeds improved shoot dry weight, biomass and seed yield by 13–43, 25–57 and 12%, respectively. Results indicated that seedlings of medium and large seeds are more vigorous and tolerant to flea beetle damage than seedlings of small seeds. Tolerance was due to a higher initial seedling weight rather than higher relative growth rate. Shoot dry weights, biomass and yield of the three cultivars were more strongly correlated with 1000-seed weight than with seed diameter. Key words: Canola, flea beetles, seed size, seedling vigour, tolerance, seed weight
14
Addaheri, A. MS, and A. Ch Al-Fahad. "Humic Pre-treated Seeds of Oat Enhances Germination and Seedling Vigor Under Effects of Water Salinity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1449, no. 1 (2025): 012086. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012086.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Humic was used as a soaking solution before planting to enhance oat seeds’ tolerance to salinity. To achieve this aim, a factorial experiment of two factors was carried out in the seeds technology laboratory. The first factor was soaking the oat seeds in humic acid for periods of 0, 3, and 6 hours, then the seeds were planted under another factor: the salinity of irrigation water of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS m−1 (EC). The most important results were summarized as follows: There is an important effect of soaking oat seeds with humic acid on the dry weight of seedlings and the length of the shoot, as soaking for 3 hours recorded the maximum seedlings’ dry weight. Oat seeds soaked in humic acid for 6 hours recorded the greatest shoot length. Increased salinity of irrigation water often led to a reduction in most germination and seedling vigor indicators. The two-way interaction of soak oat seeds with humic acid and salinity of irrigation water had a statistically significant impact on the oat seedling fresh weight, root length, and shoot length. This study concludes that soaking oat seeds with humic acid before planting was beneficial for seedling growth in terms of the dry weight of seedlings and length of seedling shoots, and soaking oat seeds with humic acid for 3 and 6 hours before planting was beneficial for enhancing shoot length when rinsed with water with a salinity of 6 and 9 dS m-1 and soaking in humic acid for 6 hours was beneficial for enhancing shoot length of oat seedling when rinsed with water with a salinity of 0, 6, 9, and 12 dS m−1.
15
Frisby, James W., and Schuyler D. Seeley. "Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: V. Comparisons between Seeds, Seedlings, and Cuttings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 2 (1993): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.2.269.
Full textAbstract:
We determined whether the chilling process (endodormancy release) was similar in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch cv. Johnson Elberta] seeds, seedlings (near normal to physiologically dwarfed), and mature plants (cuttings) by comparing correlation coefficients of various growth measurements following similar chilling treatments. Seed germination (10 days after forcing at 20C) and seedling emergence (15 days after forcing in the greenhouse) correlated highly with leaf and shoot growth (56 days of growth) of seedlings and terminal shoot growth of cuttings (13 days after forcing). The correlations were higher for germination than for emergence. Initial (first season) seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings (second season) and shoot growth of cuttings. Budbreak and growth of seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of cuttings. The abnormal leaf problem, which can cause apex abortion (common with initial seedling growth), confounded correlations with initial seedling growth. Yet, the abnormal leaf problem did not hinder correlations with the second seasons growth. Good relationships between the chilling mechanisms that promoted germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings and shoot growth of cuttings existed, but were dependent on what was measured and when the measurement was taken. Germination (forced at 20C) was the most accurate indicator of the seed chilling status for comparisons with the responses of the other propagules.
16
MacDonald, Joanne E., and John N. Owens. "Physiology and Growth of Containerized Coastal Douglas Fir Seedlings Given Different Durations of Short Days to Induce Dormancy." HortScience 45, no. 3 (2010): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.3.342.
Full textAbstract:
We compared the effects of different durations of short days (SDs) as a dormancy-induction regime on bud development, bud endodormancy, and morphology of first-year containerized coastal douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] seedlings in the nursery together with seedling survival and growth after one growing season in a common garden. In early July, four durations of 8-h SDs were applied: 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks. During the first week of SDs, budscale initiation started and was completed; then initiation of needles for next year's leading shoot (leader) began. Needle initiation was completed 10 weeks after the start of the regime in seedlings given 5 or 6 weeks of SDs and 13 weeks for those given 3 or 4 weeks of SDs. In early October, duration of SDs had no effect on bud endodormancy; 50% to 88% of terminal buds were endodormant. On this date, seedling height and shoot dry weight were unaffected by duration of SDs, whereas root dry weight and shoot diameter were significantly reduced in seedlings given 6 weeks of SDs compared with other durations. After one growing season, duration of SDs had no effect on seedling survival, leader length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, or shoot diameter. We recommend the 3-week duration of SDs for coastal douglas fir crops.
17
Williams, Hans M., David B. South, and Glenn R. Glover. "Effect of bud status and seedling biomass on root growth potential of loblolly pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 12 (1988): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-247.
Full textAbstract:
Container-grown seedlings of Pinustaeda L. with well-formed terminal buds, feather-tops (a succulent shoot tip crowned with a tuft of primary needles), and terminal buds removed (debudded) were sampled in November, December, and January. Root growth potential for unstored and stored seedlings was measured to determine if it is affected by shoot tip morphology. Seedlings with buds or debudded seedlings had higher root growth potential than feather-top seedlings. Root growth potential was correlated with several morphological variables, including total ovendry weight (r = 0.81). As feather-top seedlings were smaller in diameter and biomass, a covariate analysis (using seedling dry weight as a covariate) was conducted. The covariate analysis indicated that differences in root growth potential between shoot types could be accounted for by differences in seedling size. The percentage of seedlings resuming growth and the total amount of new shoot growth during the test of root growth potential showed that feather-top seedlings and seedlings with terminal buds respond similarly to chilling temperatures. These results indicate that seedling size is more important than the presence of a well-formed terminal bud when seedlings are graded before outplanting.
18
Abdelmalik, Abdelmalik M. "Enhanced Growth and Drought Resistance in Seedlings of Acacia tortilis due to Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi and Bacillus subtilis." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 26, no. 06 (2021): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1891.
Full textAbstract:
A shade house experiment was conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the impact of a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) namely Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, a bacterium Bacillus subtilis, and their combinations on the growth and drought resistance potential of Acacia torilis seedlings under moderate and water deficit-stress. Thus, inoculants treatments (AMF, Bacillus subtilis, AMF+Bacillus, and control) and several watering intervals (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) were applied. Inoculation of AMF and Bacillus to A. tortilis seedlings found effective in terms of improved seedling growth. AMF and combined inoculation resulted in a larger shoot (shoot fresh and dry weights, seedling height, leaf number, leaf area) and root development (root fresh and dry weights, root length, root surface area, and root volume) as compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Single inoculants of B. subtilis, showed better improvement in 1- and 2-week watering intervals compared to the control. Inoculated seedlings showed lower proline accumulation than non-inoculated seedlings, and thus improved seedling resistance to water deficit-stress. Mycorrhizal and mixed inoculation enhanced the amount of chlorophyll in the seedling’s leaves. Furthermore, seedlings with AMF and co-inoculants showed better drought tolerance even at 3- and 4-week watering intervals. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
19
MacDonald, Joanne E., and John N. Owens. "Morphology, Physiology, Survival, and Field Performance of Containerized Coastal Douglas Fir Seedlings Given Different Dormancy-induction Regimes." HortScience 41, no. 6 (2006): 1416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1416.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of different dormancy-induction regimes on first-year containerized coastal Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] seedling morphology and physiology in the nursery, as well as seedling survival and performance after one growing season in a common garden, were investigated. In early July, three dormancy-induction regimes were applied: moderate moisture stress (MS), short day (SD), and short day with moderate moisture stress (SD+MS). In early October, seedling height, root collar diameter, and shoot dry weight were unaffected by regime, but root dry weight was reduced in seedlings from the MS and SD+MS regimes compared with the SD regime. At this time, morphogenesis was completed in all terminal buds of seedlings from both SD regimes, whereas it continued in all terminal buds of seedlings from the MS regime. Furthermore, 25% to 88% of terminal buds from the SD regimes were endodormant, but none from the MS regime were endodormant. In March, budbreak occurred at the same time in seedlings from the two SD regimes and was earlier than in seedlings from the MS regime; root growth capacity was unaffected by regime. After one growing season, there were no regime differences in seedling survival, root collar diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, length of the current-year leader, or number of needles on the leader.
20
Susanti, Dian, Prambayu Brenda Herera, Rissa Tri Ismayanti, and Dyah Subositi. "THE INFLUENCE OF SHALLOT SOLUTION ON COLEUS (Plectranthus Scutellarioides (L.)) SEEDLING." Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia 15, no. 2 (2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jtoi.v15i2.6193.
Full textAbstract:
Nurseries are the main critical phase in the cultivation of Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br.), which is useful as a raw material for traditional medicine. The key to producing well-grown, healthy, and uniform seedlings is using exogenous hormones throughout the seedling stage. Shallot has the potential to be used as an exogenous hormone. The study was conducted with shallot concentration treatment (0, 35, 70, and 100%) and soaking time (0, 12, and 24 hours). The results show shallot's activity as an exogenous hormone in coleus seedlings, including increasing the root volume of coleus seedlings through the initiation of root hairs, altering seedling height, and stimulating seedling adventitious shoot growth. Conversely, high concentrations of shallots reduced the number of coleus seedling shoots.
21
Gama, Guilherme, Vitória Ananda Cubas Castro, Maria Raphaella Bastos Ouriques de Abreu, Verônica Marques Feliciano da Silva, Rita de Cássia Quitete Portela, and Eduardo Arcoverde de Mattos. "INFLUENCE OF SEED MASS IN BIOMASS ALLOCATION OF A PALM VULNERABLE OF EXTINCTION." Oecologia Australis 29, no. 02 (2025): 116–26. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2025.2902.02.
Full textAbstract:
Seedling vigor, defined here as total seedling biomass, is directly related to seedling performance in the face of environmental harshness. Additionally, differential portioning between shoot and root biomass can be a determinant of seedling survival under conditions of resource scarcity. We aimed to determine the biomass allocation pattern of Euterpe edulis seedlings and test the hypothesis that heavier seeds produce more vigorous seedlings. We followed a germination protocol that produced 50 seedlings, 32 of which were used to calculate the total seedling biomass investment, relative growth rate (RGR), specific leaf area (SLA), and root/shoot ratio (R/S). A linear regression showed that the root/shoot ratio (R/S) increased with increasing seed mass (p = 0.03). This result may be a consequence of differing seed reserves accumulated by seeds of different masses. Seed mass was also directly related to seedling vigor (p = 0.03). Despite the lack of relationship between seed mass and RGR (p = 0.553), the positive relationship between seed mass and SLA (p = 0.03) suggests that heavier seeds have a slow-growth strategy, whereas lighter seeds have a fast-growth strategy. As heavier seeds produce more vigorous seedlings, they should be preferred when planning restoration plantations since their seedlings have greater chances of survival under harsh conditions and may present more satisfactory performance. Additionally, since the population studied is already located at the upper thermal limit of the species, we suggest that future studies focus on how seedlings of different sizes perform at different temperatures.
22
Leskovar, Daniel I., and Peter J. Stoffell. "SEEDLING ROOT AND SHOOT COMPONENTS IN RELATION TO STAND ESTABLISHMENT." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 572f—572. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.572f.
Full textAbstract:
Initiation, development, and subsequent growth of seedling root and shoot components can have a direct influence on the quality, adaptation, and survival of seedlings, particularly under stress conditions. Taproot, basal, lateral, and adventitious root components (common indicot plants) each have their own development sequence, growth rate, and may have separate functions for subsequent seedling growth and development. Stresses originating in root components may be expressed in shoots affecting dry matter partitioning between roots and shoots. Partitioning and development of root morphological components and root/shoot growth adaptation to stress environments will be presented for various vegetable species. Implications of root developmental differences in relation to field planting methods will be discussed. Understanding seedling morphology, physiology and assimilate partitioning during early ontogeny would assist directing strategies to improve field establishment and ultimately crop production.
23
DeWald, Laura E., and Peter P. Feret. "Changes in loblolly pine root growth potential from September to April." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 7 (1987): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-104.
Full textAbstract:
Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) 1 + 0 seedlings were periodically hand lifted from a Virginia nursery to determine how root growth potential (RGP) varied between September and April. Several seedling characteristics, RGP, and shoot phenology were recorded for each lift date in 1983–1984 and 1984–1985. An attempt was made to relate RGP variation to changes in the nursery environment and to shoot phenology. Root growth potential variation was consistent between years and was more closely related to shoot phenological changes than to short-term environmental changes. During the development of dormancy, RGP was low, RGP increased when shoot activity resumed during the RGP tests (late winter, early spring), and declined as active shoot elongation began in the nursery. When RGP was low, elongation of existing lateral roots primarily contributed to the new root systems, but as seedling metabolism increased in the late winter, new root initiation also contributed to new root systems. Absolute differences in RGP between years may be related to the fibrosity of seedling root systems.
24
Erniwati, Erniwati. "PENGARUH UKURAN BIJI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN TANAMAN TUMBUH KEMBALI SETELAH RUSAK AKIBAT HERBIVORI." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 9, no. 2 (2017): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.9.2.156-164.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of seed size in the resprouting ability of seedling after being damaged and whether it correlates with the reserve effect. We grew the seedlings of two species of oak, namely Quercus robur and Quercus petraea from different seed size, in a greenhouse. The seedlings were harvested at different stages; after emergence, at the first shoot fully developed, and after the seedling had re- grown after the initial shoot was clipped. The result showed that: firstly, at the time of full seedling development, large seeds translocated less percentage of reserve from the seed to seedling. After clipping, the seedlings from large seeds translocated additional resources to the seedling. Secondly, although the larger seed has the larger biomass to re-sprout, the total mass invested in re-sprouting proportional with seedling size. We concluded that the seedlings of larger seeds re-sprout better than those of the smaller seeds. However, we did not find the improved performances correlating with the Reserve Effect Theory
25
Kubar, Ishtiaque Hussain, Noor un nisa Memon, Naseem Sharif, et al. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROOTSTOCKS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON STIONIC ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MANGO SEEDLINGS." Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 02 (2023): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2023.20.02.778.
Full textAbstract:
To explore the quality rootstock which impart better stionic establishment of the mango seedlings, we studied the comparative effect of scion and rootstock using three mango scion varieties (Sindhri, Chaunsa and Neelum) grafted on three rootstocks i.e. Ratam, Pado and Sindhri. Parameters including seed germination (%), seedling height (cm), leaves seedling rootstock-1, seedling vigor index (SVI), fresh biomass of shoot and roots (g), dry biomass of shoot and roots (g), chlorophyll content (rg), rootstock diameter (mm), scion diameter (mm), stionic ratio, leaves graft-1 and sturdiness quotient were studied. Results showed the best seed germination (88.33%), seedling vigor index (5158.74), and sturdiness quotient (3.89) in Pado rootstock. However maximum fresh biomass of shoot (20.67 g), fresh biomass of roots (16.2 g), dry biomass of shoot (12.65 g), dry biomass of roots (8.33 g) and scion diameter of the rootstocks were observed in Sindhri rootstocks. Regarding grafting data, the best stionic ratio (0.93) was observed from the scion and rootstock combination of Neelum and Pado rootstock. It was concluded that Pado rootstock performed better in terms of seedling rootstock and for successful stionic establishment of the mango seedlings
26
Cui, Jiawei, Shiwei Song, Jizhu Yu, and Houcheng Liu. "Effect of Daily Light Integral on Cucumber Plug Seedlings in Artificial Light Plant Factory." Horticulturae 7, no. 6 (2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7060139.
Full textAbstract:
In a controlled environment, in an artificial light plant factory during early spring or midsummer, vegetable seedlings can be uniform, compact, and high quality. Appropriate light parameters can speed up the growth of seedlings and save on production costs. Two experiments were carried out in this study: (1) cucumber seedling growth under different daily light integrals (DLIs) (5.41–11.26 mol·m−2·d−1) and optimum DLI for seedling production were explored (experiment 1: Exp. 1); (2) under the same DLI selected by Exp. 1, the effects of different light intensities and photoperiods on cucumber seedlings were investigated (experiment 2: Exp. 2). The root biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, seedling index, and shoot dry matter rate increased as the DLI increased from 5.41 to 11.26 mol·m−2·d−1, while the shoot biomass and leaf area decreased in Exp. 1. The cucumber seedlings became more compact as DLI increased, but more flowers developed after transplanting when the DLI was 6.35 mol·m−2·d−1. Under the optimal DLI (6.35 mol·m−2·d−1), the optimal intensity was 110–125 μmol·m−2·s−1, and the optimal photoperiod was 14–16 h, in which plant biomass, shoot dry matter rate, seedling index, and photochemical efficiency were higher.
27
Bigras, Francine J., and Carole Hébert. "Freezing temperatures and exposure times during bud break and shoot elongation influence survival and growth of containerized black spruce (Piceamariana) seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 8 (1996): 1481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-165.
Full textAbstract:
Spring frosts frequently cause significant damage to conifer seedlings during bud flushing and shoot elongation in forestry nurseries. To insure adequate protection, levels of frost sensitivity must be known during these stages of development. Eight- or 9-month-old containerized black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) were submitted to freezing temperatures of 0° to −10 °C for 1–6 h at the following stages: (1) nonswollen terminal buds, (2) swollen terminal buds, (3) terminal bud scales bursting, needle tips emerging, and (4) shoots elongating, 1−5 cm. After freezing, seedlings were grown for 130 days in a greenhouse. Seedling survival was estimated; dead seedlings discarded; and damage to buds, needles, and roots as well as diameter and shoot increment were measured on the remaining seedlings. Frost sensitivity increased as buds flushed and new shoots elongated. Decreased seedling and bud survival was noted with increasing time of freezing exposure and decreasing temperature in stages 2, 3, and 4. Damage to needles and roots increases, while diameter decreases, with decreasing temperatures at all stages; however, shoot increment was influenced by decreasing temperatures only at stages 2 and 3.
28
Yates, I. E., C. W. Bacon, and D. M. Hinton. "Effects of Endophytic Infection by Fusarium moniliforme on Corn Growth and Cellular Morphology." Plant Disease 81, no. 7 (1997): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.7.723.
Full textAbstract:
Kernels of corn, Zea mays, were inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme to analyze seedling growth and development during endophytic, symptomless infection. In planta F. moniliforme distribution and seedling growth, expressed as shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and dry weight, were examined weekly for 28 days after planting. Even though no visible disease symptoms developed, F. moniliforme was isolated from most segments taken from seedlings grown from inoculated, but not noninoculated, kernels from the earliest to the latest sampling. F. moniliforme did not alter the rate or percentage of kernel germination, but seedlings grown from inoculated kernels had suppressed shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and plant weight 7 days after planting. However, seedling growth from inoculated kernels was similar to or greater than that from noninoculated kernels at 28 days. Histological modifications in seedlings grown from inoculated kernels included accelerated lignin deposition in shoots and modified chloroplast orientation in leaves. In summary, gross morphology and histology were altered in corn seedlings during symptomless, endophytic infection by F. moniliforme.
29
Schroeder, Kenneth R., and Dennis P. Stimart. "Adventitious Shoot Formation on Excised Hypocotyls of Antirrhinum majus L. (Snapdragon) In Vitro." HortScience 34, no. 4 (1999): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.4.736.
Full textAbstract:
Hypocotyls from Antirrhinum majus L. were excised at 2 weeks of age from seedlings grown under a 16-hour photoperiod or continuous darkness. Explants were cultured on modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 0.44, 2.22, 4.44, 8.88, or 44.4 μm BA to investigate adventitious shoot formation. Excised hypocotyls from eight commercial cultivars, three inbred lines, and an F1 hybrid between two of the inbreds were cultured on MS medium containing 2.22 μm BA to assess genotypic effects on adventitious shoot formation. The influence of seedling age was assessed by excising hypocotyls from seedlings at 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30 days. Optimal conditions for adventitious shoot formation on excised hypocotyls included: seedling growth in a lighted environment, use of hypocotyls from 10-day-old seedlings, and culture on medium containing 2.22 μm BA for 3 weeks. Under these conditions, up to a 5-fold improvement in number of shoots per hypocotyl over previous studies was achieved. Adventitious shoot formation was genotype-dependent and appeared to be a dominant trait. Chemical name used: N6-benzyladenine (BA).
30
Cline, E., B. Vinyard, and R. Edmonds. "Spatial effects of retention trees on mycorrhizas and biomass of Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (2007): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-229.
Full textAbstract:
Retention forestry places seedlings in proximity to residual trees, exposing seedlings to additional sources of ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) inoculum. To investigate this, Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted near (2–6 m) and far (16–30 m) from 44- to 72-year-old residual Douglas-fir trees in western Washington, USA. From 1998 through 2000, seedling shoot and root biomass was assessed and EMF taxa were identified using morphology and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Seedlings near residual trees had significantly greater ectomycorrhiza (ECM) abundance (percent active ECM root tips), less necrotic root tips, and higher root to shoot biomass ratios. Seedlings near trees had a richness index of 4.1 EMF taxa per seedling and 42 total taxa compared with 3.5 taxa per seedling and 33 total taxa for seedlings far from trees. Proximity to residual trees may increase seedling ECM abundance and diversity.
31
Macey, D. E., and J. T. Arnott. "The effect of moderate moisture and nutrient stress on bud formation and growth of container-grown white spruce seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 5 (1986): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-168.
Full textAbstract:
Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss seedlings were grown in controlled environment rooms following germination with a combination of fluorescent and incandescent lamps (ratio, 1.4:1) providing 390 μmol s−1 m−2 of photosynthetically active radiation over a 24-h photoperiod. Moderate moisture and nutrient stress treatments were applied to separate seedling groups (10 weeks from germination) for a 2-week period during the initial free growth phase when mean seedling shoot length had reached 12 cm. Photoperiod was then reduced to 8 h. Both periodic moisture stress (reaching −1.72 MPa) and nutrient withdrawal (N, P, K) were effective in inducing terminal bud formation in container-grown white spruce seedlings under nonlimiting photoperiod and the number of needle primordia subsequently formed in the terminal bud under short days was significantly reduced. However, decreased needle complements in the stressed seedlings did not result in reduced shoot growth in the second growing season. Free growth following extension of the preformed shoot compensated for the reduced amount of predetermined foliage.
32
Matondang, Ikhsan, Sisunandar ., Alice Yuniaty, Triani Hardiyati, Agus Hery Susanto, and Endang Srimurni Kusmintarsih. "Shoot Tip Culture: A Potential In Vitro Culture Multiplication of Screw Pines (Pandanus tectorius Park.)." BERITA BIOLOGI 21, no. 2 (2022): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i2.4208.
Full textAbstract:
Pandanus tectorius Park., tree of life, which almost all of its parts are used by humans. Industrial fiber made from screw pine leaves has been successfully exported to several countries, while the fruit is consumed as an alternative staple food. Fruit is only produced by female plants, because screw pine is dioecious plant. Farmers obtain screw pine seedling using stem cuttings from female trees, but the number of seedling produced is limited and this technique can damage the plant. Alternative seedling production using seeds has constraints in the form of uncertainty over the sex of the seedling. One of the best ways to provide screw pine seedling is to use a shoot-tip culture technique. Shoot-tip culture is able to reproduce plants efficiently and quickly and does not damage the plant. Seedling will also have the same genetic traits as the selected plant. However, efforts to develop an efficient and fast screw pine shoot-tip culture protocol have not been carried out massively. The induction and shoot multiplication stages still had a low success rate. Another problem in seedling production through tissue culture is the certainty seedlings are true-to-type. This review article aims to reveal the potential of shoot-tip culture for in vitro screw pine seedling production and to test the genetic stability of the screw pine seedling.
33
Jalkanen, Anneli. "Growth and Morphology of Black Spruce, Jack Pine, and White Spruce Container Seedlings in Northern Ontario." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 2 (1995): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/12.2.69.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The development of morphological attributes of containerized seedlings during the growing season was studied in eight crops from three nurseries in Northern Ontario, including four black spruce crops, three jack pine crops, and one white spruce crop. The variability was proportionally largest in root and shoot dry mass, followed by height and diameter. During seedling growth, proportionally the variability of size did not seem to increase. In absolute scale, however, differences between individual seedlings increased more than differences between seedling trays, possibly due to competition between individuals. Height and shoot growth were greater in the beginning of the growing season, and diameter and root growth were greater toward the end. In comparison to standards, the balance between morphological attributes (height/diameter, shoot/root) was usually acceptable, and usually independent of seedling size. The easiest way of monitoring crop development is to take seedling samples at regular intervals and to construct a growth progression curve for seedling height, if diameter growth reaches acceptable level. Care should be taken that the height of seedlings does not increase too much at the expense of diameter and root development in the larger crops. To monitor this, height-diameter ratios and shoot-root ratios might be measured a couple of times during the growing season to take corrective action if necessary. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):69-74.
34
Attree, S. M., S. Budimir, and L. C. Fowke. "Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from cultured shoots and cotyledons of seedlings from stored seeds of black and white sprees (Picea Mariana and Picea glauca)." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 1 (1990): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-005.
Full textAbstract:
Embryogenic callus was induced from cultured explants of 12- to 30-day seedlings germinated from 10- and 4-year stored seeds of black and white spruce, respectively. Plantlets were regenerated from a 12-day black spruce seedling derived embryogenic callus. This is the oldest conifer seedling material shown to give rise to embryogenic callus, and the first demonstration in spruce that seedling-derived embryogenic calli are competent of plantlet regeneration. The effect of a cytokinin pretreatment on embryogenic callus induction from 12-day black spruce seedling shoot explants was investigated. Although an induction frequency of 18% occurred after 2 weeks preculture of shoot explants on medium containing 4.5 μM benzyladenine, the cytokinin pretreatment was not significantly superior to controls given no pretreatment (12%). Age of explant influenced embryogenic induction frequencies from black and white spruce. Explants from 21-day black spruce seedlings produced embryogenic calli at a frequency of 5%. In comparison, shoot explants from 12- and 30-day white spruce seedlings given no benzyladenine pretreatment displayed induction frequencies of 38 and 18%, respectively.
35
Shalizi, Mohammad Nasir, Barry Goldfarb, Owen Thomas Burney, and Theodore Henry Shear. "Effects of Five Growing Media and Two Fertilizer Levels on Polybag—Raised Camden Whitegum (Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage) Seedling Morphology and Drought Hardiness." Forests 10, no. 7 (2019): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070543.
Full textAbstract:
In developing countries, tree seedlings are often produced in polybags filled with mixtures of locally available materials. Seedling growth and quality can be affected by the type and amount of these substrates used in the mixture. Differences in seedling growth and quality can also be significantly affected when fertilization is employed during the nursery growing period. In this study, we assessed the effects of five different growing media and two fertilization regimes on nursery growth, seedling morphology and early post-planting response to drought of Eucalyptus benthamii (Maiden & Cambage) seedlings. First, we evaluated the effects of each media by fertilizer treatment combination on morphological attributes during a nursery growing period. Seedlings raised in fertilized media without rice hulls yielded higher growth, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index (DQI) scores, and number of first order lateral roots (FOLRs). Root to shoot ratio (R:S ratio) was, however, greater in non-fertilized media that contained rice hulls. We then conducted a simulated outplanting and drought hardiness experiment, in which seedlings were planted in 13.2 L containers and irrigated for one month, followed by the imposition of drought stress. Seedlings in fertilized media composed of sand, topsoil and compost showed greater growth than those in rice hull-containing media, during the irrigation phase. With the discontinuation of irrigation and prevention of precipitation reaching the seedlings, seedlings grown in non-fertilized media containing rice hulls survived longer than those in other media. There were no large differences in survival among other media or between fertilized and other non-fertilized seedlings. Seedling total size and shoot height at the time of planting played a major role in survival. Smaller seedlings with smaller shoot sizes and greater R:S ratios survived longer. This study demonstrates that growing media and fertilization can be manipulated to affect seedling morphology in the nursery and, ultimately, seedling performance and survival under water stressed conditions.
36
Yenish, Joseph P., Thomas A. Fry, Beverly R. Durgan, and Donald L. Wyse. "Establishment of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in corn, soybean, and wheat." Weed Science 45, no. 1 (1997): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092468.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of common milkweed in corn, soybean, and wheat and rotations of corn-soybean and soybean-wheat was determined in field studies at Rosemount and Morris, MN. Common milkweed seedling density 115 d after initial seedling emergence was 500, 15,000, and 31,300 seedlings ha−1in corn, soybean, and wheat, respectively, in 1990; 500, 7,300, and 15,600 in 1991 at Rosemount and 2,900, 26,500, and 37,000 in 1990; and 2,200, 6,700, and 8,100 in 1991 at Morris in the year of seedling establishment. Common milkweed seedling defoliation by mon arch butterfly larva was 1,31, and 0% at Rosemount and 20, 78, and 0% at Morris for corn, soybean, and wheat, respectively. In the 2nd and 3rd rotational years, corn-soybean rotations had fewer shoots ha−1115 d after shoot emergence than soybean wheat rotations. Seedling densities 115 d after initial seedling emergence were greater in corn-soybean rotations where soybean rather than corn was the rotational crop and in soybean-wheat rotations where wheat rather than soybean was the rotational crop immediately following common milkweed seeding. Conventional tillage treatments had lower common milkweed shoot density than conservation tillage in all years of all rotations except in the initial count, when soybean was the first rotational crop in which shoot density was greater in conventional than in conservation tillage treatments. Cyanazine, imazethapyr, or bromoxynil applications in corn, soybean, or wheat rotational crops, respectively, reduced common milkweed shoot density.
37
Hettiarachchi, H. A. I. L., L. M. H. R. Alwis, and T. T. D. Dharmarathna. "Identifying high-performing seedling teas in Passara, Sri Lanka." Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension 26, no. 3 (2023): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i3.5669.
Full textAbstract:
Tea is a shade-loving plant and is propagated either by seeds or cuttings. The seedling teas exhibit the ability to endure prolonged droughts while still achieving vigorous shoot growth. This study aimed to identify high-performing seedling teas in Passara where drought is a key determinant of tea yield. Twenty-one high-performing seedlings and six extensively-used vegetatively propagated tea cultivars from three randomly selected tea estates in Passara were compared morphologically based on shoot density, banji shoots, shoot weight, internodal length, length, and width of the mature leaf. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Minitab (version 17) software. The findings demonstrated a significant difference among tea bushes considering selected morphological traits at a 5% significance level. Clustering analysis of Gonakele estate grouped GS4 with TRI 2025, GS2, and GS3 with TRI 2043. VS1 and VS3 seedlings from Varellapathna estate were clustered with TRI 2023 and CY9, respectively. Hopton estate seedlings did not cluster with vegetatively propagated cultivars. Therefore, GS2, GS3, GS4 from Gonakale, and VS1, and VS3 from Varellapathna were selected as mother bushes. Thus, the findings unveil distinct clusters of high-performing seedling teas from various estates, providing insights into potential candidates for maintaining genetic diversity in tea plantations.
38
Yan, Zhengnan, Jie Cheng, Ze Wan, Beibei Wang, Duo Lin, and Yanjie Yang. "Prediction Model of Pumpkin Rootstock Seedlings Based on Temperature and Light Responses." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (2023): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020516.
Full textAbstract:
Temperature and light are the key factors that affect the quality of pumpkin rootstock seedlings’ growth process. Responses to temperature and light are an important basis for optimizing the greenhouse environment. In order to determine the quantitative effects of temperature and light on the growth and development of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata cv. RTWM6018) rootstock seedlings, relationships between temperature, light, and pumpkin rootstock seedlings growth were established using regression analysis. The results indicated that the daily average temperature had a significant negative correlation with the development time of pumpkin rootstock seedlings, and the shoot dry weight of pumpkin rootstock seedlings increased within a certain range of the daily light integral (DLI). We established a prediction model of pumpkin rootstock seedling quality indicators (hypocotyl length, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root shoot ratio, and seedling quality index) based on thermal effectiveness and photosynthetic photon flux density (TEP). The coefficient of determinations (R2) of the hypocotyl length and seedling quality index prediction models of pumpkin rootstock seedlings, based on accumulated TEP, were 0.707 and 0.834, respectively. The hypocotyl length and seedling quality index prediction models of pumpkin rootstock seedlings, based on accumulated TEP, were y1 = 0.001 x2 − 0.180 x + 13.057 and y2 = 0.008 x0.722, respectively, which could be used for predicting the growth of pumpkin rootstock seedlings grown under different temperature and light conditions.
39
Enebak, S. A. "Rhizobacteria Isolated from Loblolly Pine Seedlings Mediate Growth-Promotion of Greenhouse-Grown Loblolly, Slash, and Longleaf Pine Seedlings." Forest Science 51, no. 6 (2005): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/51.6.541.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seeds were inoculated in the greenhouse with rhizobacteria recovered from 4-month-old bareroot loblolly pine seedlings. Emergence and seedling densities were determined at 3- and 8-week intervals after sowing, respectively, with root and shoot biomass measured at 12 weeks. All bacterial strains significantly increased the speed of seedling emergence relative to untreated loblolly and slash pine seeds, while five strains significantly slowed longleaf germination. For loblolly and slash pine, there were no differences in percentage germination when comparing treated and untreated seed. However, all bacterial strains significantly reduced longleaf germination over nontreated seed. Treatment with rhizobacteria had significant positive and negative effects on seedling growth and biomass, depending on the tree species and bacteria isolate used. Five of the eight bacterial isolates tested increased shoot length of loblolly pine seedlings, whereas one strain increased above- and belowground biomass. Slash pine seedlings experienced growth increases with three bacterial strains. However, two bacterial strains, ALA-41G and ALA-54G, resulted in shorter slash pine shoots. Only strain ALA-3G increased shoot biomass of longleaf pine over nontreated longleaf seed. Increased seedling emergence and growth promotion by rhizobacteria collected from Pinus sp. is a potential useful tool for management of these forest species. The effect may be species-specific and the use of bacteria in forest nurseries for growth promotion will need to take this into account. FOR. SCI. 51(6):541–545.
40
Wisdawati, E., M. Yusuf, E. Tambaru, and A. Pasareang. "Comparation of two pruning methods toward arabica coffee seedling growth." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, no. 1 (2023): 012211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012211.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Coffee production success in Indonesia was strongly affected by culture technique, for instance, proper pruning. Pruning Arabica coffee seedling is one of techniques to boost productivity by cutting the plant shoots and stems. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of shoot pruning and 50% pruning on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings. Data processing was carried out by statistical methods to compare or test the average data of two paired populations using the T test at a level of 0.05. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and number of branches. The results of the arabica coffee seedling experiment with two treatments of pruning on the shoots pruning showed that the average plant height, number of leaves, and number of branches, was higher than pruning at the 50% pruning. Meanwhile, pruning 50% of stem diameter showed a higher average than pruning of shoots. It can be concluded that pruning of Arabica coffee seedlings, especially shoot pruning, has a better effect on the growth of arabica coffee seedlings.
41
Niraula, Nisha, and Anil Timilsina. "Effects of Seeding Density on Growth Attributes of Broadleaf Mustard in Nursery Bed." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i1.28257.
Full textAbstract:
The productivity of crops is highly affected by the seedling quality, which is governed by seeding density in the nursery. So, an experiment was conducted to explore the effect of seedling spacing in the growth attributes of Broad Leaf Mustard cv. “Marpha Chauda Paate” at IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during Oct 2018. Four spacing treatments viz 0.5 cm × 1 cm, 1 cm × 1 cm, 1.5 cm ×1.5 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm were arranged in RCB Design with 5 replications. Observation of seedling height, leaf area, leaf number, shoot & root fresh weights, shoot dry matter, and dry matter percentage from twenty-three days old seedlings were recorded. The total leaf area was estimated using the Image-J package. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by Gen Stat. Treatments differed significantly in seedling height, shoot and root fresh weight, leaf area, root length, and shoot dry weight, while the number of leaves and dry matter percentage did not differ statistically. Maximum shoot fresh weight (1.09 g), shoot dry weight (0.11 g), leaf area (48.24 cm2), root length (4.89 cm), root fresh weight (0.03 g) per plant and shoot dry matter percentage (9.24%) were found in widest spacing (2 cm × 2 cm). However, seedling height was recorded higher in closer spacing. Therefore, the study of the overall characteristics asserted that the seed spaced at 2 cm × 2 cm produced superior seedling over all other spacings.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 65-70
42
Negi, Pitamber, Sandeep Sharma, and Neha Thakur. "Effects of root pruning on seedling growth and other parameters in Juniperus polycarpos under nursery condition." Indian Journal of Forestry 45, no. 4 (2023): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2023-0e87gv.
Full textAbstract:
A nursery trial was conducted to study the effects of root pruning on the seedling growth and other parameters of Juniperus polycarpos. Roots of two-year-old seedlings of J. polycarpos were pruned at different levels and transplanted in polybags of size 9’’ × 5” filled with potting media comprising soil, sand, and farm yard manure (2:1:1). Maximum growth of various seedling parameters, viz., shoot length (42.90 cm), root length (38.40 cm), collar diameter (6.16 mm), number of roots (45.93) and biomass, viz., fresh shoot biomass (24.03 g), fresh root biomass (6.35 g), total fresh biomass (30.38 g), dry shoot biomass (10.21 g), dry root biomass (2.48 g), total dry biomass (12.69 g), weight of secondary + tertiary roots (0.61 g) were recorded in seedlings in which 5 cm roots were retained after pruning, whereas, minimum growth of seedling parameters and biomass was recorded in seedlings in which no root pruning was done. The maximum value of seedling quality parameters, viz., volume index (1627.86), Quality index (1.14), and ratio of secondary + tertiary roots to total root biomass (0.08) was also observed in seedlings in which 5 cm roots were retained after pruning. The study suggests that roots of J. polycarpos may be pruned up to 5 cm in length for production of quality nursery stock.
43
Elliott, R. H., C. Franke, and G. F. W. Rakow. "Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (2008): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07059.
Full textAbstract:
A 3-yr study was conducted on four Brassica napus L. cultivars to determine the effects of seed size and seed weight on the performance and tolerance of canola seedlings to feeding damage by flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysom elidae). Seed lots of a doubled haploid cultivar Cyclone, hybrid cultivar AC H102 and two open-pollinated cultivars Profit and AC Elect were sieved to obtain small, medium, large and very large seeds (1.4–1.6, 1.6–1.8, 1.8–2.0 and 2.0–2.2 mm diameter, respectively). Under controlled environmental conditions, leaf area, shoot weight and biomass of seedlings from large and very large seeds were 1.3–2.0 times greater than those of seedlings from small seeds. Under field conditions without insecticides, seedlings from small seeds of each cultivar had the highest flea beetle damage, poorest establishment, and lowest shoot weight, biomass and yield. Compared with small seeds, large seeds improved seedling establishment, shoot weight, biomass and yield by 1.1, 1.6–2.0, 3.0–3.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. Results indicated that seedlings from large seeds are more vigorous and tolerant to flea beetle damage than seedlings from medium or small seeds. Seedling vigour and tolerance was due to a higher initial shoot biomass and higher growth rate when flea beetle damage was severe. When damage exceeded 50%, large heavy seeds had the best stand establishment, best shoot growth and highest yield in each cultivar. Key words: Canola, flea beetles, seed size, seed weight, seedling vigour, tolerance
44
Anderson, A. B., L. J. Frampton Jr., S. E. McKeand, and J. F. Hodges. "Tissue-culture shoot and root system effects on field performance of loblolly pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 1 (1992): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-007.
Full textAbstract:
To study differences in growth between loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) tissue-culture plantlets and seedlings, shoot systems of plantlets and seedlings were grafted onto plantlet and seedling root systems. After three growing seasons, plantlet root systems accounted for 0.3 m of height growth loss and 1.0 cm of loss in basal diameter, while plantlet shoot systems accounted for 0.6 m of height growth loss and 1.4 cm of loss in basal diameter. The mature-appearing morphology of plantlet shoots was due to the shoot system of plantlets and not to the indirect effect of the plantlet root system.
45
Noh, Nam-Jin, Gwang-Jung Kim, Yowhan Son, and Min-Seok Cho. "Early Growth Responses of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. Seedling to Short-Term Extreme Climate Events in Summer." Forests 12, no. 11 (2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111595.
Full textAbstract:
Extreme climate events such as heat waves, drought, and heavy rainfall are occurring more frequently and are more intense due to ongoing climate change. This study evaluated the early growth performance of one-year-old Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. seedlings under open-field extreme climate conditions including experimental warming and different precipitation regimes. We recorded the survival rate, root collar diameter, height, biomass, shoot-to-root ratio, and seedling quality index using nine treatments (three temperature levels, i.e., control, warming by 3 °C and by 6 °C, × three precipitation levels, i.e., control, drought, and heavy rainfall) in July and August 2020. The survival rate of seedlings did not differ between treatments, showing high values exceeding 94% across treatments. The measured shoot height was largest under warming by 3 °C and high rainfall, indicating that moderate warming increased seedling height growth in a moist environment. Heavy rainfall decreased stem volume by 21% and 25% under control and warming by 6 °C treatments, respectively. However, drought manipulation using rain-out shelters did not decrease the growth performance. Overall, extreme climate events did not affect the survival rate, biomass, shoot-to-root ratio, and seedling quality index of L. kaempferi. We thus conclude that, regarding growth responses, L. kaempferi seedlings may be resistant to short-term extreme warming and drought events during summer.
46
Boligon, Alexandra Augusti, Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio, Sidinei José Lopes, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, and Danton Camacho Garcia. "Wheat seedling emergence estimated from seed analysis." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 3 (2011): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000300010.
Full textAbstract:
There are various vigor tests for the evaluation of seeds physiological quality, however, few studies correlate this tests with plants emergency. This study aimed at identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed analysis variables that best predict seedling emergence. Wheat seeds (CEP 30 cultivar) were divided into two batches, one initially subjected to the accelerated ageing process and forming the low-quality batch, and the other, without application of the accelerated ageing process, to compose a high-quality batch. The following seed test variables were evaluated: (i) percentage of normal seedlings in the germination tests, (ii) initial germination counting, (iii) accelerated ageing, (iv) cold test without soil, (v) germination speed index, and (vi) emergence of seedlings in sand after seven and 15 days. The following seedling characteristics were evaluated: root and shoot lengths, total length, and dry mass of the root and shoot. The characteristics evaluated for the seedlings were subjected to path analysis and the seed tests variables to stepwise multiple regression analysis, taking seedling emergence at seven days as the response variable. Factor analysis was also carried out on all variables. Dry mass of the shoot and root length presented the best correlation with seedling emergence for the high-quality batch, but this behavior was not observed for any variable in the low-quality batch. Accelerated ageing was the best seedling emergence estimator for both batches of the used cultivar.
47
Grossnickle, S. C., J. T. Arnott, J. E. Major, and T. J. Tschaplinski. "Influence of dormancy induction treatments on western hemlock seedlings. I. Seedling development and stock quality assessment." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 2 (1991): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-020.
Full textAbstract:
Western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and subjected to four dormancy induction treatments (DIT) (i.e., long-day dry, long-day wet, short-day dry, and short-day wet) during midsummer. In the late summer and fall, seedling development was monitored and it was found that (1) short-day DIT caused a rapid cessation of shoot growth; (2) short-day DIT caused rapid fall development of needle primordia, while long-day DIT took until midwinter to produce the same number of needle primordia; and (3) short-day DIT seedlings had lower saturated and turgor loss point osmotic potentials and greater maximum modulus of elasticity in October than long-day DIT. Seedlings were tested with a comprehensive stock quality assessment procedure just before late winter field planting. These tests showed the following: (1) morphological parameters: short-day DIT reduced shoot to root ratios; (2) pressure–volume analysis: short-day wet seedlings had the lowest osmotic potentials at saturation and turgor loss point; (3) soluble sugar analysis: greater levels of total soluble sugars were found in non water stressed DIT compared with water stressed DIT seedlings; (4) seedling water movement: short-day DIT seedlings had the lowest resistance to water movement at low root temperature (5 °C); (5) low root temperature response: short-day compared with long-day DIT seedlings had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at low root temperatures; (6) root growth capacity: seedlings from all DIT were capable of growing roots at optimum root temperature (22 °C), but short-day compared with long-day DIT had greater root growth at low root temperatures; (7) drought stress response: short-day wet seedlings had the highest photosynthesis and stomatal conductance levels as predawn shoot water potentials decreased; and (8) frost hardiness: short-day wet seedlings had the least needle damage when tested at temperatures of −15 and −18 °C.
48
Barberis, Ignacio M., and James W. Dalling. "The effect of light, seed size and biomass removal on cotyledon reserve use and root mass allocation in Gustavia superba seedlings." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 6 (2008): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005440.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:Some large-seeded tree species have cotyledonary reserves that persist for months after seedling establishment. We carried out two screened growing-house experiments with seedlings of Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) to test hypotheses proposed to explain why cotyledons are retained. We grew seedlings from large and small seeds in sun and shade to determine if cotyledon reserves supplement photosynthetic carbon gain, and in a second experiment applied defoliation and shoot removal treatments to determine if reserves are allocated to resprout tissue. In each experiment we tracked cotyledonary resource use over time and measured the fraction of seedling biomass allocated to roots and shoots. We found no evidence that light environment, seed size or damage treatment affected the rate of cotyledon resource usage; 20% of the cotyledonary mass remained 9 wk after leaves were fully developed in both sun and shade and 25–30% of the cotyledonary mass remained 6 wk after leaf or shoot removal. Instead, cotyledon reserves appear to be slowly translocated to roots regardless of light environment or seedling damage. Once seedlings are established, lost tissue is replaced using reserves stored in roots; in high light, damaged seedlings had a lower root mass fraction (0.42) than undamaged ones (0.56) when considering the mass of tissue removed and resprout tissue combined. We conclude that cotyledon reserves are important for resprouting during early seedling emergence and establishment, but do not directly contribute to seedling growth or biomass recovery from herbivores at the post-establishment stage. Persistence of cotyledons may ultimately depend on the development of sufficient root mass for reserve reallocation.
49
Gardarin, Antoine, Françoise Coste, Marie-Hélène Wagner, and Carolyne Dürr. "How do seed and seedling traits influence germination and emergence parameters in crop species? A comparative analysis." Seed Science Research 26, no. 4 (2016): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258516000210.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractEarly plant establishment through seed germination and seedling emergence is a crucial process that determines seedling number, emergence time distribution and the early growth of seedlings, all of which are affected by soil climate and soil structure. In the current context of climate change, in which increasing the diversity of cultivated species is considered desirable, and new tillage practices are considerably modifying top-soil surface characteristics, we need to improve our ability to model the effects of the environment on plant establishment. Using a trait-based and model-based framework, we aimed to identify general relationships between seed and seedling traits (e.g. seed mass and lipid content, seedling diameter, base temperature) and germination and emergence model parameters (e.g. time to mid-germination, shoot elongation rate) measured for 18 genotypes belonging to 14 species. Relationships were also investigated among model parameters or traits. Germination rates were faster for species with a high base temperature and for species with seed reserves located principally in the embryo (rather than the endosperm or perisperm). During heterotrophic growth, maximal shoot length and elongation rate increased with seed dry mass. The sensitivity of seedlings to soil obstacles was negatively related to shoot diameter. Thus apart from the known effects of seed mass on seedling establishment, we found that seed reserve location, seedling shoot diameter and shape affected germination rate and emergence success. Such generic rules linking plant traits to germination and emergence parameters enhance our understanding of the determinants of environmental effects on plant establishment success.
50
Feret, Peter P., and Richard E. Kreh. "Effect of Undercutting on Loblolly Pine Seedling Size and Its Relation to Root Growth Potential." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 1 (1986): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/10.1.24.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Loblolly pine seedlings undercut using five different treatments extending from July to September exhibited significant alteration of shoot and root biomass. Root growth potential (RGP) (measured by number of new elongating roots) was not significantly altered by undercutting. Undercutting did significantly alter the RGP/root weight ratio and the RGP/shoot weight ratio because of both concomitant changes in root and shoot biomass and changes in seedling physiology. Root growth potential and efficiency of existing old roots to produce new roots were not well correlated with seedling size.