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Journal articles on the topic 'Seedling stability'
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1
Green, Ken. "Causes of stability in the alpine treeline in the Snowy Mountains of Australia - a natural experiment." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 3 (2009): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09052.
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Large areas of treeline in the Snowy Mountains of south-eastern Australia burnt in wildfires in 2003, providing the opportunity to quantify seedling establishment at the treeline after disturbance, by comparing burnt and unburnt sites. Eucalyptus pauciflora niphophila (Maiden and Blakely) L. Johnson and Blakely, (snowgum) generally responds to fire by resprouting from lignotubers rather than by the death of the tree, hence the location of the pre-fire treeline was unaffected. Burnt and unburnt sites along the treeline therefore differed in the removal of immediate competition from understorey plants and loss of a protective canopy shelter. Five years after these fires, 27 sites were examined to determine whether the resulting conditions led to increased establishment of snowgums above the treeline. Paired plots 15 m wide were established, extending a distance of 15 m above and below the treeline in 15 unburnt and 12 burnt sites. There were significantly more seedlings in burnt than unburnt plots below the treeline. However, even in burnt areas, there were significantly fewer seedlings found above the treeline than below the treeline. Although conditions for seedling establishment at the treeline were good at burnt sites (as indicated by seedling recruitment within 15 m of the treeline), this major disturbance by fires resulted in no pulse of seedling establishment above the treeline. It is concluded that stability in the treeline of the Snowy Mountains is likely to be due to the failure of seeds to disperse uphill.
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Wang, Lei, Wen Cai Yang, Qi Xi, and Hang Yang. "Optimal Design on Seedling Slot of Industrialized Notoginseng Seedling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.554.
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to achieve standardized design of industrialized notoginseng seedling slot, this paper is based on analyzing existing seedling slot to propose a total of six kinds of design schemes which are combining structure and size. Then four evaluation criteria are constructed that consist of land-use ratio, mechanical operation stability, economic rationality and manual operation convenience. At last, Scheme optimization is using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the best scheme is found
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Snyman, H. G., J. M. de Jong, and T. A. S. Aveling. "The stabilization of sewage sludge applied to agricultural land and the effects on maize seedlings." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (1998): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0111.
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The time for dewatered sludge to reach stability in terms of respiration after application to agricultural land was investigated and found that dewatered sludge applied at 16 ton/ha (dry) reached the background respiration rate of the soil, 50h after administration. Laboratory seedling experiments showed this stabilisation did not effect the effectivity of the sludge as a soil conditioner (growth of the maize seedlings) since seedling growth was similar whether seedlings were planted directly after, or 14 days after sludge was administered (after stabilisation). The beneficial effects of the sludge was significantly enhanced when doubling the dosage to 16 ton/ha in loam soil without heavy metal and salt accumulation in the soil or plant foliage. Laboratory studies of seedlings grown in 8, 24 and 72 ton/ha amended silica sand illustrated that the inorganic fertiliser (Hoagland's solution) affected seedling growth better in terms of root, leaf mass and shoot length but showed chlorosis. Apart from Zn the heavy metal concentrations in the seedling foliage were still similar to the positive control even at 72 ton/ha, clearly indicating the benefits of attempting to keep metals from entering the wastewater treatment plant.
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Thiffault, Nelson. "Stabilité mécanique et caractéristiques racinaires de plants de fortes dimensions de Picea mariana produits en récipients ou à racines nues." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 4 (2010): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86469-4.
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In Québec (Canada), large planting stock are used for reforestation of high-competition sites, sometimes in combination with soil scarification. Large conifer seedlings are typically produced in containers >300 cm3, or as bare-root stock. Nursery practices are expected to influence seedling mechanical stability. We measured large containerized and bare-root black spruce (Picea mariana) seedling stability (resistance to winching), and characterized their root architecture, during their seventh growing season since planting in scarified or non-scarified plots devoid of any competing vegetation. We detected no significant stock type or scarification effect on seedling height, diameter, height/diameter ratio, stability, total number of roots and adventive roots. Occurrences of root deformations, as well as vertical and horizontal root distributions, were not influenced significantly by the treatments. The height/diameter ratio was the sole significant predictor of the resistance to winching. Our results indicate that the use of either large containerized or large bare-root stock has limited silvicultural consequences. In this context, the choice of large stock type should be based on other factors, such as handling constraints.Key words: black spruce, reforestation, stock type, scarification, root system
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Balisky, A. C., P. Salonius, C. Walli, and D. Brinkman. "Seedling roots and forest floor: Misplaced and neglected aspects of British Columbia's reforestation effort?" Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 1 (1995): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71059-1.
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Concepts of planted seedling root morphology and root location are discussed in the context of reforestation in British Columbia. Comparison of root form and location between natural and planted seedlings reveals profound differences. Unnatural root morphology and delayed development of nursery-produced rooting systems, coupled with current planting techniques that emphasize vertical orientation of roots in mineral soil horizons, may exacerbate harsh microenvironmental site conditions. Inappropriate root systems may inhibit optimal seedling function and compromise long-term stand stability. The forest floor is seen as an appropriate rooting medium to which planted seedlings should be allowed ready access. A change in the biological geometry (direction and depth of root development) of the planted root system may enhance survival, establishment, and growth. The promotion of more natural, lateral, surface rooting at the organic/mineral soil interface is proposed. Site-specific root morphologies and planting strategies may be required. Key words: regeneration silviculture, tree-planting, target seedling stocktype, root egress, root morphology, root location, forest floor, soil temperature, soil moisture, frost heaving, soil nutrients, mycorrhizae, site preparation, alternative stocktypes
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Islam, M. Ariful, U. K. Sarker, M. A. K. Mian, and J. U. Ahmed. "GENOTYPE SEEDLING AGE INTERACTION FOR HYBRID SEED YIELD OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 24, no. 1 (2011): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i1.16995.
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The experiment was carried out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) during the Boro season 2006-2007 (Mid October to mid May) at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman Agricultural University-Gazipur. Alok showed significant bi but its deviation from regression (S2di) invalided its linear prediction. Among the three CMS lines CMS-2 was stable for % OCR due to considerable mean, phenotypic index, regression coefficient near unity (bi ? 1) as well as insignificant deviation from regression (S2di ? 0) and CMS-1 was highly responsive to seedling ages due to significant bi and insignificant S2di. Although, Alok showed significant bi but its deviation from regression (S2di) invalided its linear prediction. Maximum out crossing rate was obtained from CMS-2 irrespective of seedling ages. On the other hand 43 days old seedling of CMS-1 gave the maximum out crossing rate. CMS-2 was highly responsive to yield over seedling ages. CMS-1 showed insignificant regression coefficient (bi) indicating stability over seedling ages but deviation from regression (S2di) was significant which invalided its linear prediction. Alok showed lower mean, significant regression coefficient (bi) and insignificant deviation from regression (S2di) indicating responsitive to favourable seedling ages with comparatively lower yield. 43 days old seedlings of CMS-2 gave the maximum hybrid seed production rate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i1.16995
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TOUNEKTI, Taieb, Mosbah MAHDHI, Zarraq AL-FAIFI, and Habib KHEMIRA. "Priming improves germination and seed reserve utilization, growth, antioxidant responses and membrane stability at early seedling stage of Saudi sorghum varieties under drought stress." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 2 (2020): 938–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48211841.
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Seeds of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) varieties from Southwest Saudi Arabia were used to investigate the potential of osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) to improve germination performance, seed reserve utilization and early seedling growth and drought stress tolerance. The primed (PS) and unprimed (UPS) seeds of the three sorghum varieties were germinated for 8 days under increasing PEG-induced osmotic stress. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement, with three sorghum cultivars (‘Zaydia’, ‘Shahbi’ and ‘Ahmar’) and four osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.4; -0.8 and -1.2 MPa) with four replicates of 50 seeds each. The results showed that drought stress affected seed germination and seedling emergence and establishment, but increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). The strongest inhibition of germination and growth occurred at the highest PEG concentration and a significant difference was noticeable between the studied varieties. We confirmed also that seed osmopriming improved seed germination performance, seedling growth and enhanced the CAT activities while reduced malonyldialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and electrolyte leakage (EL) in the drought-stressed seedlings. Seed priming have enhanced also the α-amylase and total proteases activities in all varieties. The largest increase of these hydrolysing enzymes was shown in ‘Ahmar’. Furthermore, the PEG priming lead to improvement of the weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve (WUSR), seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP) and total seedling dry weight (SLDW) of sorghum seedlings under water stress conditions. Still, the highest values or all three parameters were found in the ‘Ahmar’ variety. Under increasing drought stress conditions, ‘Ahmar’ showed the highest yield stability index (YSI) and the least EL and MDA contents in comparison to the other two varieties during the seedling establishment stage. Therefore, the former variety can tolerate better a rigorous water stress condition. ‘Zaydia’ appears to be the most vulnerable to drought stress. Thus, the use of species or varieties with eminent seed metabolic quality is an advantageous trait in drought-prone regions.
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Bentzer, B. G., G. S. Foster, A. R. Hellberg, and A. C. Podzorski. "Genotype × environment interaction in Norway spruce involving three levels of genetic control: seed source, clone mixture, and clone." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 9 (1988): 1172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-180.
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A total of 913 Piceaabies (L.) Karst. clones was tested for height at ages 1 and 5 in two series on six and three locations, respectively, in Sweden. The genotype × environment interaction was studied for three levels of genetic control, i.e., seedling checklot, clone mixture, and clone. Stability of all three was estimated using regression coefficients. The alternative method, genetic correlation between locations, was also used to measure stability. Height differences among seedling checklots and among clones were substantial at age 5, while the variation among clone mixtures was not significant. Genotype × environment interaction was found to be significant for clones and accounted for an average of 2.1% of the total variance at age 5. No significant interaction was found between mixtures and locations. The genotype × environment interaction for seedling checklots was not significant and accounted for 0.5% of the total variation at age 5. The stability of seedling checklots at age 5 was high. For the clone mixtures, stability was found to be about average. Individual clones showed wide variation in stability. There was an apparent negative relationship between clone performance and stability. Genetic correlations indicated close agreement between locations in the ranking of clones for height growth.
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Chung, Kuang-Ren, Walter Hollin, Malcolm R. Siegel, and Christopher L. Schardl. "Genetics of Host Specificity in Epichloë typhina." Phytopathology® 87, no. 6 (1997): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.6.599.
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Epichloë typhina perennially and systemically infects grass plants, causing choke disease in which maturation of host inflorescences is suppressed. In seedling-inoculation tests, isolate E8 from perennial ryegrass established and maintained infection in this host but not in orchardgrass. In contrast, isolates E469, E2466, and E2467 from orchardgrass varied in infection frequency and stability in orchardgrass, but all were unable to establish stable infections in perennial ryegrass. To investigate the genetics of host specificity, isolate E8 was crossed with each of the isolates from orchardgrass. Seedlings of parental host species were inoculated with F1 progeny, and the frequencies of seedling infection and stability in adult plants were assessed. In the E8 × E2466 cross, the F1 progeny exhibited a wide range of infection frequency and stability in each parental host. In crosses E8 × E469 and E8 × E2467, where the orchardgrass-derived parents infected 5 to 13% of inoculated perennial ryegrass seedlings, the distributions of infection frequencies for the F1 progeny wereskewed toward levels comparable to that of the parent from perennial ryegrass. In all crosses, most progeny had low frequencies of infection in orchardgrass. However, transgression was evident in a cross of E8 with E469, an isolate that infected orchardgrass seedlings at a low frequency (2 to 3%). The E8 × E469 cross had a few F1 progeny that infected orchardgrass at high efficiency (up to 81%). A Spearman rank correlation applied to the E8 × E2466 progeny indicated a significant negative correlation between infection frequencies in perennial ryegrass and orchardgrass. Also, there was a significant correlation of infection frequency and stability in perennial ryegrass but not in orchardgrass. To test whether only a few genes governed infection frequency in perennial ryegrass, an E8 × E2466 F1 progeny (designated E386.04), which had intermediate compatibility with this host, was backcrossed to E8. The progeny of this backcross exhibited a distribution of infection frequencies in perennial ryegrass between that of E386.04 and the backcross parent, suggesting that multiple genes may determine compatibility at the seedling infection stage. The results of these experiments indicated multiple genetic determinants of compatibility or incompatibility with each host, with intermediate or high heritability.
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Watson, Gary W., and Angela M. Hewitt. "Early Flare Root Development on Nursery Field-Grown Seedling Stock." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101031.
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Field production of seedlings used to create nursery stock liners involves transplanting and root pruning that can alter root system architecture. Seedlings of eight species of trees commonly used in urban landscapes were selected based on the configuration of their woody lateral roots; Preferred (maximum gap between roots ≤90 degrees), Acceptable (maximum gap 120–150 degrees), and Inferior (≥180 degree gap—no lateral roots on one side). The lateral root configuration (LRC) of the seedlings was compared to the LRC one year after replanting. The number of lateral or regenerated roots alone was generally adequate to form an acceptable root flare (≥3 roots) one year after seedlings were replanted. The maximum gap in lateral roots as a seedling was not consistent with the maximum gap one year after the seedlings were replanted in most species. It often became larger. Neither lateral roots nor regenerated roots alone could reliably produce a root structure with an acceptable maximum gap between roots. Lateral roots and roots regenerated from the pruned end of the main root, together produced enough flare roots one year after replanting with a small enough maximum gap in the radial distribution for good stability. This information may be an initial step in developing criteria for seedling grading systems that will improve root systems of nursery stock grown for planting in urban landscapes.
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Pêgo, Rogério Gomes, Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes, and Aline Roberta Caetano Silva. "Vigor of zinnia seedlings produced in alternative substrate in trays with different cell size." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 4 (2019): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v25i4.2049.
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Abstract The zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) is an ornamental plant used in landscape composition and presents great potential for cultivation as a cut flower, potted. Faced with the new trend of integrated flower production, that proposes more environmentally friendly practices aiming at sustainability, there is a need to determine alternative substrates that allow the production of quality seedlings. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the vigor and quality of zinnia seedlings produced in alternative substrates in trays with different cell size. Two different types of trays of expanded polystyrene with different cell size were tested as following: 128-cell and 200-cell trays with a volume of 40 cm3 and 16 cm3, respectively. For the growth of the seedlings, three types of substrate were tested: commercial substrate; composting of organic waste; mixture of sand, soil and carbonized rice husk in the proportion of 1:1:1 (v:v:v). The experiment was a completely randomized design, using 24 trays in a factorial arrangement 3x2 (substrate x tray cell size), with four replicate and eight seedling per replicate. The phytotechnical characteristics evaluated were plant height, number of leaves, root length and dry weight of plants, the vigor of seedlings and clod stability was determined by rating scales. The physicochemical and physical proprieties of organic substrate enables produce high quality seedling using 128-cell trays, but the 200-cell trays also produce good quality seedling, having the advantage of using smaller volumes of substrates.
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Batool, Sumaira, Shahbaz Khan, Shahzad Ma Basra, et al. "Impact of Natural and Synthetic Plant Stimulants on Moringa Seedlings Grown under Low-Temperature Conditions." International Letters of Natural Sciences 76 (August 2019): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.50.
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Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18°C) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. Present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L-1), ascorbic acid (50 mg L-1) and salicylic acid (50 mg L-1). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony. Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area.] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; first round at the seedling age one month and second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.
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Anwar, Ali, Longqiang Bai, Li Miao, et al. "24-Epibrassinolide Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Levels to Enhance Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (2018): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092497.
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Phytohormone biosynthesis and accumulation are essential for plant growth and development and stress responses. Here, we investigated the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on physiological and biochemical mechanisms in cucumber leaves under low-temperature stress. The cucumber seedlings were exposed to treatments as follows: NT (normal temperature, 26 °C/18 °C day/night), and three low-temperature (12 °C/8 °C day/night) treatments: CK (low-temperature stress); EBR (low-temperature and 0.1 μM EBR); and BZR (low-temperature and 4 μM BZR, a specific EBR biosynthesis inhibitor). The results indicated that low-temperature stress proportionately decreased cucumber seedling growth and the strong seedling index, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities, while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hormone levels, and EBR biosynthesis gene expression level. However, EBR treatments significantly enhanced cucumber seedling growth and the strong seedling index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes, the cell membrane stability, and endogenous hormones, and upregulated EBR biosynthesis gene expression level, while decreasing ROS and the MDA content. Based on these results, it can be concluded that exogenous EBR regulates endogenous hormones by activating at the transcript level EBR biosynthetic genes, which increases antioxidant enzyme capacity levels and reduces the overproduction of ROS and MDA, protecting chlorophyll and photosynthetic machinery, thus improving cucumber seedling growth.
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Redelstein, R., G. Zotz, and T. Balke. "Seedling stability in waterlogged sediments: an experiment with saltmarsh plants." Marine Ecology Progress Series 590 (March 12, 2018): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12463.
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Zhang, W. D., G. J. Dong, Q. Y. Shu, H. J. Li, and G. S. Liu. "Effect of storage conditions on seed germination, seedling growth and genetic stability in Chinese leymus (Leymus chinensis)." Seed Science and Technology 33, no. 2 (2005): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2005.33.2.15.
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Ge, Luzhen, Zhilun Yang, Zhe Sun, et al. "A Method for Broccoli Seedling Recognition in Natural Environment Based on Binocular Stereo Vision and Gaussian Mixture Model." Sensors 19, no. 5 (2019): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051132.
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Illumination in the natural environment is uncontrollable, and the field background is complex and changeable which all leads to the poor quality of broccoli seedling images. The colors of weeds and broccoli seedlings are close, especially under weedy conditions. The factors above have a large influence on the stability, velocity and accuracy of broccoli seedling recognition based on traditional 2D image processing technologies. The broccoli seedlings are higher than the soil background and weeds in height due to the growth advantage of transplanted crops. A method of broccoli seedling recognition in natural environments based on Binocular Stereo Vision and a Gaussian Mixture Model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, binocular images of broccoli seedlings were obtained by an integrated, portable and low-cost binocular camera. Then left and right images were rectified, and a disparity map of the rectified images was obtained by the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) algorithm. The original 3D dense point cloud was reconstructed using the disparity map and left camera internal parameters. To reduce the operation time, a non-uniform grid sample method was used for the sparse point cloud. After that, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) cluster was exploited and the broccoli seedling points were recognized from the sparse point cloud. An outlier filtering algorithm based on k-nearest neighbors (KNN) was applied to remove the discrete points along with the recognized broccoli seedling points. Finally, an ideal point cloud of broccoli seedlings can be obtained, and the broccoli seedlings recognized. The experimental results show that the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) algorithm can meet the matching requirements of broccoli images in the natural environment, and the average operation time of SGM is 138 ms. The SGM algorithm is superior to the Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) algorithm and Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) algorithms. The recognition results of Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) outperforms K-means and Fuzzy c-means with the average running time of 51 ms. To process a pair of images with the resolution of 640×480, the total running time of the proposed method is 578 ms, and the correct recognition rate is 97.98% of 247 pairs of images. The average value of sensitivity is 85.91%. The average percentage of the theoretical envelope box volume to the measured envelope box volume is 95.66%. The method can provide a low-cost, real-time and high-accuracy solution for crop recognition in natural environment.
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Volkova, Lyudmila, Oksana Amunova, and Lyudmila Tiunova. "The use of morpho-physiological parameters of spring wheat seedlings in the selection for aluminum resistance." Agrarian Bulletin of the 207, no. 04 (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-207-04-24-33.
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Abstract. Goal. Determination of the effectiveness of early diagnostic methods for resistance to aluminum ions. 15 hybrid populations of F2–F4 spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), created with the participation of varieties Altayskaya 530, Baganskaya 95, Tyumenskaya 26, Karabalykskaya 98, Gornouralskaya, Lutescens 30, Serebristaya, Jasna were studied. Methods. Laboratory assessment for resistance to aluminum ions in the seedling phase; field tests in two points, differing in pH level and content of mobile aluminum ions (pH1 = 4.3; Al3+ = 5.4 mg/kg of soil; pH2 = 3.8; Al3+ = 211.0 mg/kg of soil); statistical processing of the results. Results. According to the root length index, there were no significant differences between the genotypes, most of the studied samples were characterized as highly resistant (RLI = 80 ... 100 %). The following indicators were characterized by high genotypic indicators: the length of the germ roots, the dry mass of seedlings, the ratio of the root mass to the shoot mass (RSR). The following parameters were characterized by high genotypic conditionality: the length of germinal roots, the dry weight of seedlings, and the ratio of root to shoot weights (RSR). Field stability was assessed by the percentage reduction in signs. The greatest reaction to the conditions of severe edaphic stress was noted in terms of yield (7.1–16.9 % of the norm, depending on the combination), the lowest – in terms of carotenoid content (78.0–111.0 %) and weight of 1000 grains (67.7–89.3 %). No significant correlations were found between RLI, germ root length, and field stability. There was a tendency to increase correlations to average positive or reliable values between laboratory characteristics (length of germ roots, weight of seedlings) and field parameters (size of flag leaves, chlorophyll content, ear productivity elements, yield) during the transition from background 1 to background 2. The ability to redistribute biomass in favor of the aboveground part of plants in the seedling phase (RSR index) had a significant positive effect on productivity elements on both backgrounds. Scientific novelty. Morphophysiological characteristics of seedlings were identified and recommended for selection for resistance to aluminum ions: root length, dry weight of the seedling, RSR index.
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Teixeira, António, Pietro Iannetta, Kirsty Binnie, Tracy A. Valentine, and Peter Toorop. "Myxospermous seed-mucilage quantity correlates with environmental gradients indicative of water-deficit stress: Plantago species as a model." Plant and Soil 446, no. 1-2 (2019): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04335-z.
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Abstract Aims Myxospermous seed mucilage is multifunctional and is often found in seeds (or achenes) of species occupying arid environments where the trait may influence seed-dispersal and -germination of seeds. The seed mucilage may also enhance soil-water retention, −hydraulic conductivity and -stability. However, the relationship between seed mucilage quantity, seed germination and seedling traits across environmental gradients which determine water-deficit stress has not yet been ascertained. Methods Therefore, we characterised and tested the relationship between seed mucilage quantity, water-deficit stress responses of seeds and seedlings of 36 accessions of four different Plantago species (P. albicans L., P. coronopus L., P. lagopus L. and P. anceolata L.). These were gathered from six regions across Europe, which presented environmental gradients (of rainfall and temperature), and varying soil qualities. Results Seed mucilage was significantly greater in seeds of accessions experiencing: highest summer temperatures; lowest summer precipitation; soils of the same warm dry regions which had greater capacity to retain water within narrow pore spaces. Under water-deficit stress, seeds with most mucilage exhibited a lower base water potential for germination, suffered least seedling mortality and exhibited the most successful seedling development. Conclusions The findings indicate that seed mucilage quantity appeared as an ‘adaptive’ trait and there is a relationship between seed-mucilage quantity, seed germination plus seedling survival and development under environmental conditions of highest water-deficit stress.
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Rehman, Shoaib Ur, Muhammad Bilal, Rashid Mehmood Rana, et al. "Cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content variation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes under conditions of heat and drought." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 7 (2016): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15385.
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Heat and drought are among the major obstacles confronting crop production under climate change. The present study was conducted to evaluate 50 diverse wheat genotypes for cell membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content at seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions, to understand the effect of the two abiotic factors and to find promising genotypes for future breeding. Experiments were conducted in the glasshouse (seedling stage) and the field (anthesis stage). Analysis of variance showed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) for all of the traits at seedling and anthesis stages. High levels of broad-sense heritability and genetic advance at 5% selection intensity indicated the presence of a high genetic component of variation and potential for genetic improvement through selection among the existing genetic variation. CMS showed a significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight (TGW) under heat and drought conditions at both seedling and anthesis stages. Chlorophyll a/b ratio at seedling stage exhibited a significant negative correlation (r = –0.39, P < 0.05) with TGW under heat stress. Total chlorophyll content was significantly (r = 0.42, P < 0.05) correlated with TGW under heat stress at anthesis. Genotypes ETAD248 and ETAD7 showed the highest CMS and TGW values, whereas their chlorophyll a/b values were lowest, at both seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions. Higher CMS and total chlorophyll content, and lower chlorophyll a/b, were found to be useful indicators to identify genotypes with high TGW under heat and drought stress conditions. This study indicated the possibility of using seedling resistance as an indicator for later stage response in breeding for heat and drought resistance. The resistant genotypes identified can be used as potential germplasm in breeding programs.
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Nijabat, Aneela, Adam Bolton, Muhammad Mahmood-ur-Rehman, et al. "Cell Membrane Stability and Relative Cell Injury in Response to Heat Stress during Early and Late Seedling Stages of Diverse Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Germplasm." HortScience 55, no. 9 (2020): 1446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15058-20.
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Heat waves occur with more regularity and they adversely affect the yield of cool season crops including carrot (Daucus carota L.). Heat stress influences various biochemical and physiological processes including cell membrane permeability. Ion leakage and increase in cell permeability are indicators of cell membrane stability and have been used to evaluate the stress tolerance response in numerous crops and inform plant breeders for improving heat tolerance. No study has been published about the effects of heat stress on cell membrane stability and relative cell injury of carrot. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate these stress indicators in response to heat stress at the early and late seedling developmental stages of 215 diverse accessions of wild and cultivated carrot germplasm. The article identifies the relationship between early and late stages of seedling tolerance across carrot genotypes and identifies heat-tolerant genotypes for further genetic analysis. Significant genetic variation among these stress indicators was identified with cell membrane stability and relative cell injury ranging from 6.3% to 97.3% and 2.8% to 76.6% at the early seedling stage, respectively; whereas cell membrane stability and relative cell injury ranged from 2.0% to 94.0% and 2.5% to 78.5%, respectively, at the late seedling stage under heat stress. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.64 to 0.91 for traits of interest under study, which indicates a relatively strong contribution of genetic factors in phenotypic variation among accessions. Heat tolerance varied widely among both wild and cultivated accessions, but the incidence of tolerance was higher in cultivated carrots than in wild carrots. The cultivated carrot accessions PI 326009 (Uzbekistan), PI 451754 (Netherlands), L2450 (USA), and PI 502654 (Pakistan) were identified as the most heat-tolerant accessions with highest cell membrane stability. This is the first evaluation of cell membrane stability and relative cell injury in response to heat stress during carrot development.
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Mulwa, Richard M. S., and Prem L. Bhalla. "Assessment of clonal stability of in vitro regenerated shoots of Macadamia tetraphylla by RAPD analysis." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 3 (2007): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06125.
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Macadamia nuts constitute an important part of the world nut industry and are highly valued for their health-promoting properties. Macadamia is an open-pollinated crop that takes 8–12 years to bear fruit when multiplied via seeds. The yield and nut quality in seedling plantations are often highly variable, and grafting is currently the most common method for producing nursery trees with reduced variability. We have previously reported on the tissue-culture propagation of macadamia, and in the present study we assessed the clonal integrity of the regenerated shoots. The RAPD profiles of 3 macadamia stock plants and 10 in vitro regenerated lines from each stock plant were analysed to assess the clonal integrity of the shoots regenerated in vitro for micropropagation purposes. The extent of genetic variation between the stock plants and 9 randomly selected seedlings was also assessed. There was no difference in clonal identity between the stock plants and their micropropagated progeny, indicating that clonal micropropagation was possible using enhanced axillary proliferation in macadamia. In contrast, there was a large genetic variation among the seedlings and between the seedlings and stock plants, with genetic distance estimates ranging from 0.121 to 0.637 among seedlings, indicating rampant out-crossing of the macadamia plant.
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Volkova, Lyudmila V., and Marina V. Tulyakova. "The effect of long-term edaphic stress on the characteristics of next generation of spring wheat hybrids seedlings." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 22, no. 4 (2021): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.4.466-476.
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A new genetic material of spring wheat (15 hybrid populations) developed within the breeding work for aluminum resistance, was studied in the field and laboratory conditions. Studies of F4 hybrids were carried out on soils that differ in the pH level and in the content of mobile aluminum ions. Strong edaphic stress on background 2 (pH = 3.8; Al3+ content = 211 mg/kg of soil) caused a sharp decrease in yield (by 88.2 %) and productivity traits (by 18.5...63.8 %) compared to background 1 (pH = 4.3; Al3+ = 5.4 mg/kg of soil). Laboratory analysis determined the influence of the reproduction conditions of the previous generation on the parameters of the root system of seedlings, their biomass and the root/sprout ratio (RSR index) in the offspring F5. The seeds were germinated in distilled water (control) and an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate (experiment). It was shown that the weight of seedlings was significantly more strongly influenced by reproduction conditions (an average decrease of 26.1 %) than artificially created stress (a decrease of 2.3...4.7 %). The majority of hybrids showed a significant increase (by 3.9...16.4 %) in laboratory resistance according to the root length index (IDC) as an adaptive response to prolonged edaphic stress. The recommendation is given to take into account the growing conditions of the previous generation, since under their influence the reactions of genotypes by seedling weight, RSR index, as well as correlations between traits can change. The differences of genotypes in the potential level of traits and their stability in different environments were revealed. The hybrid Karabalykskaya 98 x Lutescens 30 differed in the length of the roots, Baganskaya 95 x Gornouralskaya – in the weight of the seedling. The hybrid Baganskaya 95 x Jasna was characterized by the greatest stability according to a set of parameters. Hybrids with potentially longer roots and high seedling mass showed greater sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions. Genotypes with a predominance of the aboveground part in the control were characterized by a more stable "root/sprout" ratio.
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Zhao, Wen Ju, Li Rong Wang, Hong Ji, and Yan Wei Fan. "The Effect of Mix-Plants Type and Proportion on Water Retention Characteristic for Seedling Bricks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.330.
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Wheat straws, wheat shells, corn leaves and corn cobs (0%, 5%, 8% and 10%) were added to red clay to obtain seedling bricks, pure red clay as control (CK), did evaporation test. The results showed that the larger of the proportion of mix-plant was, the smaller the cumulative evaporation of seedling bricks was. The cumulative evaporation of seedling bricks mixed with 10% corn cob was the minimum. In all seedling bricks, the order of 1st day evaporation suppression efficiency and cumulative evaporation suppression efficiency IE: mixed with corn cobs > mixed with wheat shells > mixed with wheat straws > mixed with corn leaves > mixed with nothing, and evaporation suppression efficiency of seedling bricks mixed with 10% corn cobs was the maximum. With the proportion of mix-plant increases, evaporation stability, evaporation suppression efficiency and water retention characteristic of seedling bricks were improved significantly.
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Gerhards, Roland, Dawn Y. Wyse-Pester, David Mortensen, and Gregg A. Johnson. "Characterizing spatial stability of weed populations using interpolated maps." Weed Science 45, no. 1 (1997): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092559.
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Intensive surveys were conducted in 2 fields in eastern Nebraska to determine the spatial stability of common sunflower, velvetleaf, green and yellow foxtail, and hemp dogbane over 4 yr (1992 to 1995). The 1st field was planted to soybean in 1992 and corn in 1993, 1994, and 1995. The 2nd field was planted to corn in 1992 and 1994 and soybean in 1993 and 1995. Weed density was sampled prior to postemergence herbicide application at approximately 800 locations per year in each field on a regular 7 m grid. The same locations were sampled every year. Weed density at locations between the sample sites was determined by linear triangulation interpolation. Weed seedling distribution was significantly aggregated, with large weed-free areas in both fields. Common sunflower, velvetleaf, and hemp dogbane patches were very persistent in diameter in the east-west and north-south directions and in location and area over 4 yr in the 1st field. Foxtail distribution and density continuously increased in each of the 4 yr in the first field and decreased in the 2nd field. A geographic information system was used to overlay maps from each year for a species. This showed that 36% of the sampled area was continuously free of common sunflower, 62.5% was free of hemp dogbane, and 11.5% was free of velvetleaf in the 1st field, but only 1% was free of velvetleaf in the 2nd field. The persistence of broadleaf weed patches suggests that weed seedling distributions mapped in one year are good predictors of future seedling distributions. Improved and more efficient sampling methods are needed.
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R, Amooaghaie, and Moghym S. "Effect of polyamines on thermotolerance and membrane stability of soybean seedling." African Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 47 (2011): 9673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb10.2446.
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Galdiano, Renato Fernandes, Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos, and Wagner Aparecido Vendrame. "Cryopreservation, early seedling development, and genetic stability of Oncidium flexuosum Sims." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 114, no. 1 (2013): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-013-0304-4.
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Ma, Jun, Jian Ping Hu, Xiao Yue Yan, Chun Hui Qi, and Jing Guan. "Transplanting Path Planning and Motion Functions Research of the High-Speed Tray Seedling Transplanting Robot." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1747.
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High-speed tray seedling transplanting robot was developed which used two-DOF parallel mechanism as transplanting mechanism, and pneumatic manipulator as the end-effector, so it can achieve high speed of transplanting. According to transplanting seedlings from high-density plug to the low-density plug, a type of transplanting path was put forward which consists of rise, translation and decline, in this paper, it was called three-stage trajectory. Analysis the movement characteristic of each stage, make sure the stability of transplanting, then the sine motion law, quintic polynomial motion law and septic polynomial motion law were put forward as the Transplanting movement function according the analysis of movement characteristic. Compared the transplanting efficiency and stability of the three motion law through their velocity, acceleration and saltus, finally, quintic polynomial motion law was preferred as transplanting robot motion law. Transplanting experiment was taken on the developed prototype, the transplanting frequency was more than 60 per minute and the qualified rate can reach 92.71%.
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Weilan, Shucheng Xu, and Xuelan Zhu. "Effects of low temperature on Chrysanthemum shiwogiku var. kinokuniense in vitro conservation." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (2018): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i4.38651.
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The effect of low temperature condition on wild Chrysanthemum shiwogiku var. in vitro conservation was investigated, and its plant regeneration hereditary stability was detected using its sterile seedling. The results show that the test tube young plant grows rapidly, and its preservation time is short at a temperature at 25±2°C, at condition of 12 h/d, photoperiod at 2000 ~ 3000 lx, and all die after 180 days. However, the sterile seedling grows slowly under low-temperature, and its preservation time extends to 360 days. The sterile seedling surviving rate was above 96%. The data indicate that the 4°C low temperature is advantageous to Chrysanthemum plantlets preservation. After preservation, the recovered plantlets grow well and show no differences in morphology and isoenzyme zymogram of peroxidase, ISSR-PCR compared with the control. In addition, the results show that low temperature in vitro plantlets maintain genetic stability.
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HELALIA, AWAD M., and J. LETEY. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POLYMERS ON SEEDLING EMERGENCY, AGGREGATE STABILITY, AND CRUST HARDNESS." Soil Science 148, no. 3 (1989): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198909000-00007.
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Askari, Hossein, Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar, Hamid Najafi Zarrini, and Mohammd Hossein Saberi. "Assessment of Barley Genotypes Response to Salinity Stress at Early Seedling Growth Stage." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 63, no. 3 (2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.63.3.2020.179.186.
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This study was performed to assess several indices for identifying barley genotypes at early growth stage with the best performance in salinity conditions. The effect of salinity treatments was studied through an analysis of the dry matter production, results showed significant differences among genotypes. The majority of used tolerance indices indicated that ESBYTM8910, 4 Shori and MBS8715 were the best barley genotypes showing the highest stress resistance for the greatest NaCl concentration. It is based on used stability parameters that the genotypes MBS8712 and Jo torsh were the most phenotypically stable. In general, the tolerant genotypes showed the least stability based on mostly of stability parameters
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Martínez, A. E., A. Landau, P. T. García, et al. "Two Mutants Affecting Adaptative Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Barley Seedlings." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, No. 1 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3675-cjgpb.
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Two&nbsp;novel mutants which affect the adaptative responses of barley seedlings to different abiotic stresses are described. They allow us to explore some aspects of adaptative phenomena that are little known in higher plants. One of these mutants corresponds to a nuclear gene which under certain circumstances in the wild type barley induces additional ethylene production in the seedling roots. This mechanism seems to be involved in inducing a negative hydrotropic growth of the roots, a phenomenon that we interpret as a response avoiding waterlogging. The other mutant corresponds to a plastid encoded gene which is involved in photosystem I and II stability and, probably, indirectly affects the acclimation of the seedlings to higher temperatures, a fact which seems to occur through the control of unsaturation/saturation levels of the thylakoid membrane fatty acids. &nbsp;
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Kumari, Priyanka, and H. K. Jaiswal. "Effect of cold stress on boro rice seedlings." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (2017): 1036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1318.
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Cold stress at seedling stage is a major constraint in boro rice production. Nine boro rice lines were crossed in diallel fashion excluding reciprocals to obtain 36 crosses. All the 36 crosses along with parents were grown in nursery in three seasons (boro-2014, kharif-2015 and boro-2015). Performance of seedlings for survival per cent, chlorophyll content, relative water content, membrane stability index was recorded just before transplanting in all the three seasons. Scoring for cold tolerance was done in both boro seasons. Gautam showed highest survival rate over three seasons. Among crosses, IR 64 x Krishna Hamsa showed highest survival (84%) in boro-2014, MTU 1010 x Jaya (86.33%) in boro-2015 and MTU 1010 x Krishna Hamsa (95.67%) in kharif-2015. Jaya x Krishna Hamsa was most cold tolerant cross over both boro seasons. Significant positive correlation was observed among survival per cent, chlorophyll content, relative water content and membrane stability index over seasons.
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Yang, Zhi-Jian, Xiao-Hui Wu, Lan-Ming Huang, et al. "Soil Bacteria to Regulate Phoebe bournei Seedling Growth and Sustainable Soil Utilization under NPK Fertilization." Plants 10, no. 9 (2021): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091868.
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Soil bacteria play a key role in the plant–soil system and can regulate the growth of Phoebe bournei seedlings under fertilization. However, there are few reports on how soil bacteria respond to fertilization and regulate seedling growth. This study adopted the “3414” field fertilization experiment, combined with soil microbial sequencing, nutrient contents, and biomass measurement, to explore the changes of soil chemical properties and bacterial structure under different NPK fertilization conditions and to establish the coupling relationship between soil bacteria, soil nutrients, and plant growth. The results showed that NPK fertilization decreased soil pH; increased soil N, P, and K content; reduced bacterial diversity and abundance; promoted the growth of dominant bacterial species; and enhanced Phoebe bournei seedlings’ soil N, P, and K elements. NPK fertilization promoted Proteobacteria growth, especially of three genera (Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, and Acinetobacter) and Actinobacteria, while it decreased Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. By reducing the ratio of N to K and increasing P, NPK fertilization can slow soil acidification, promote bacterial reproduction, maintain P. bournei seedlings’ soil ecological stability, and balance the seedlings’ growth and sustainable soil utilization. AD3, Pseudomonas, and Rhodanobacter can be used as the marker species for N, P, and K fertilization, respectively, while Methylobacterium, Brevundimonas, Acinetobacter, and Sphingobium can be used as indicator species for soil pH and soil N, P, and K content changes, respectively. These results provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the effective fertilization and cultivation of robust P. bournei seedlings.
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Kodym, Andrea, Eva M. Temsch, Eric Bunn, and John Delpratt. "Ploidy stability of somatic embryo-derived plants in two ecological keystone sedge species (Lepidosperma laterale and L. concavum, Cyperaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 5 (2012): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12025.
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We report on the development of a somatic embryogenesis system for Lepidosperma concavum R.Br. and L. laterale R.Br. and the determination of ploidy stability of plants derived from somatic embryos. These keystone Lepidosperma species cannot currently be returned to restoration sites because of propagation difficulties (i.e. seed dormancy, low seed fill and recalcitrance to vegetative propagation). Three explant types (in vitro-germinated seedlings, immature seed and immature inflorescences) were used for the assessment of callus production potential. Embryogenic callus was induced and multiplied on 1/2MS medium with 2,4-D either alone, or in combination with zeatin. Over 90% of seedling explants of L. laterale produced regenerative calli after 6 weeks and 53% of seedling explants of L. concavum produced calli after 16 weeks on media containing 2,4-D and zeatin. Inflorescence material appeared to be least responsive. High rates of conversion to plants were achieved on medium containing activated charcoal, followed by thidiazuron medium. Acclimatisation success of plants ranged from 86% to 95%. Acclimatised plants grew vigorously under standard nursery conditions. The DNA ploidy level of 486 somatic embryogenesis-derived plantlets was analysed by flow cytometry. Only one plant (=0.2% of all plantlets tested) was found mixoploid. All other plants showed a stable ploidy level and stable C-values within the species. There was a small but significant C-value difference between the two Lepidosperma species. Five variegated plants (=0.3%) were observed among a total of ~1600 plants acclimatised. The application of tissue culture techniques such as somatic embryogenesis brings large-scale production of Lepidosperma plants for revegetation and horticultural purposes closer to commercial feasibility.
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Rahul, N. Srikanth, S. Vanisri, M. Sreedhar, and D. Bhadru. "Determination of stability of seedling characters of rice cultivars under different cold environments." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 9, no. 2 (2018): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2018.00072.8.
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Galdiano, Renato Fernandes, Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, and Wagner Aparecido Vendrame. "Seedling Development and Evaluation of Genetic Stability of Cryopreserved Dendrobium Hybrid Mature Seeds." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 172, no. 5 (2014): 2521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0699-8.
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Wang, Haijuan, Biyu Dai, Xiaogang Shu, Hongbin Wang, and Ping Ning. "Effect of Kinetin on Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Maize Seedlings under Arsenic Stress." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/714646.
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The effects of different levels of kinetin (KT) application on the growth, biomass, contents of chlorophyll (Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoid), arsenic uptake, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that KT supplementation increased the biomass in terms of root length, root number, fresh weight, and seedling length, and KT treatments also improved the contents of Chl a, As uptake, and Chl a : b ratio compared to cases with As treatment alone. However, no significant changes were observed in carotenoid content, and a reduction was found in Chl b content of seedlings. KT also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of maize seedlings when 0.1 mg/L KT and As were applied, which decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). These results suggested that KT could alleviate the toxicity of As to maize seedlings by keeping the stability of chlorophyll, enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the alleviation effect of KT in maize seedlings exposed to As stress was clearly observed in the present study.
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Dietrich, Sebastian T., and M. Derek MacKenzie. "Biochar affects aspen seedling growth and reclaimed soil properties in the Athabasca oil sands region." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 98, no. 3 (2018): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2017-0113.
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Restoring ecosystem function after oil sands surface mining involves reestablishing the biotic and abiotic ecosystem components that affect biogeochemical cycles and fluxes. In boreal forest ecosystems, pyrogenic carbon is a native soil component that affects a variety of biogeochemical parameters and biochar is its human-made analog. To evaluate the benefits of biochar amendment to reclamation cover soils, we compared characteristics and function of peat–mineral mix (PM) and forest floor–mineral mix (FFM) with and without biochar in an 18 wk greenhouse study. We assessed nutrient bioavailability (NO3, NH4, P, K, S, Mg, and Ca), foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na, and Mo), soil respiration, rhizosphere polysaccharide concentration, soil organic matter stability, and Populus tremuloides Michx. seedling growth. Seedling growth increased significantly on PM cover soil with biochar. Biochar improved K nutritional status and potentially interacted with Na bioavailability in PM, affecting growth. Soil respiration significantly decreased in PM with biochar and increased in FFM. Soil organic matter stability was positively correlated with seedling growth and increased with biochar. Our findings suggest that biochar may have a significant positive effect on upland forest reclamation in the Athabasca oil sands region, especially on sites that are reclaimed with PM.
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Lu, Pengxin, Wayne Bell, Paul Charrette, and Megan Thompson. "Performance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) rooted cuttings from proliferated dwarf shoots versus seedlings 8 years after planting." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 7 (2012): 1404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-079.
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Growth and tree form characteristics of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) rooted cuttings propagated from proliferated dwarf shoots (PDS) were compared with seedlings in two field trials 8 years after establishment. Results indicated that jack pine rooted cuttings from PDS can grow as well as seedlings and maintain acceptable tree form. Rooted cuttings of progeny from the 22 top-ranking open-pollinated families in a seedling seed orchard of jack pine were 4.2% taller and 10% larger in diameter at breast height than commercial seedlings tested on the same sites, which indicates that rooted cuttings have potential in realizing genetic gains in jack pine tree improvement programs. Rooted cuttings increased the proportion of trees with normal branching characteristics and reduced the percentage of trees with excessive heavy branches in the Sault St. Marie trial, which had larger tree sizes. However, longer term monitoring (20 to 25 years) is needed to determine stability of jack pine rooted cuttings planted on sandy soil where wind throw may become a problem as tree size increases.
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Hachemi, Abdouroihamane, Ali Said, Tarik Belghazi, et al. "Effect of hydric and light stress on biomass, nutrient uptake and enzymatic antioxidants of Argania spinosa seedlings." Archives of Biological Sciences 73, no. 1 (2021): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs201220010h.
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Sunlight and water are factors that affect seedling development. However, the effects of acclimatization of seedlings to sunlight and water stress remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the interactive effects of acclimatization to light and water stress on argan tree (Argania spinosa) seedlings in nurseries. An experiment was conducted with 504 seedlings using two sunlight treatments (L1 and L2, i.e. 100% and 60% of full sunlight, respectively), and three watering treatments (well-watered, moderate stress and severe stress, i.e. 100%, 50% and 25% of field capacity, respectively). According to our results, water stress treatments caused a reduction in total biomass accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Water stress significantly increased other macroelements, H2O2 and MDA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities compared to well-watered seedlings. Seedlings grown under moderate shade (L2) showed higher macroelement uptake, which probably contributed to the increase in total biomass in all water treatments. The highest membrane stability index (MSI) values, H2O2 and MDA levels and lowest antioxidant enzyme activities were recorded in acclimatized argan seedlings under moderate shading (L2). These results suggest that moderate shade can effectively prevent stress caused by light excess and can also mitigate the harmful effects of water stress on A. spinosa seedlings.
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Cai, Deyu, Ying Xu, Fei Zhao, Yan Zhang, Huirong Duan, and Xiaonong Guo. "Improved salt tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. contributed by Pseudomonas sp. strain M30-35." PeerJ 9 (January 13, 2021): e10702. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10702.
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Background Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can promote plant growth and enhance plant tolerance to salt stress. Pseudomonas sp. strain M30-35 might confer abiotic stress tolerance to its host plants. We evaluated the effects of M30-35 inoculation on the growth and metabolite accumulation of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. during salt stress growth conditions. Methods The effects of M30-35 on the growth of C. quinoa seedlings were tested under salt stress. Seedling growth parameters measured included chlorophyll content, root activity, levels of plant- phosphorus (P), and saponin content. Results M30-35 increased biomass production and root activity compared to non-inoculated plants fertilized with rhizobia and plants grown under severe salt stress conditions. The photosynthetic pigment content of chlorophyll a and b were higher in M30-35-inoculated C. quinoa seedlings under high salt stress conditions compared to non-inoculated seedlings. The stability of P content was also maintained. The content of saponin, an important secondary metabolite in C. quinoa, was increased by the inoculation of M30-35 under 300 mM NaCl conditions. Conclusion Inoculation of M30-35 rescues the growth diminution of C. quinoa seedlings under salt stress.
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Sandrini Celovane, Natiele, Jadson Bonini Zampirollo, Thais Silva Costa, et al. "Photochemical activity in Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. Allem. seedlings submitted to water deficit." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 10 (2018): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2018-jfs.
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In this study, we evaluated the influence of the daily variation of both intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and temperature on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in Jacarandá-da-Bahia seedlings submitted to two treatments: T1 (control) and T2 (water deficit during seven days). It was used seedling with approximately 90 days old cultivated in plastic pots contend soil. After 45 days of acclimation, the treatments were applied. In T2, the water deficit was applied by total suspension of irrigation. The physiological evaluations were made a long of the day (from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.). The water deficit caused a significant reduction of the maximal fluorescence and in area below the fluorescence curve. Furthermore, the water deficit improved the effects of the high temperature and PAR on the energetic connectivity (or grouping between photosystem II units) and of oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) stability, evidenced by the high and positive values of L-band and K-band in those daytimes with higher incidence. Finally, the effects of water deficit were more evident on the OEC stability.
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Zhang, Wenxu, Qian Liu, Shengfang Liu, et al. "Study on Seed Emergence and Seedling Growth of Artemisia Desertorum with Superabsorbent Polymers." Polymers 12, no. 12 (2020): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122873.
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In this study, the emergence rate, emergence potential, root length, stem length, water consumption, and biomass around a root system were used as evaluation indexes, and we used the laboratory-prepared super absorbent resin watermelon rind (WMR)-p (AA–co–DAAM) (superabsorbent polymer 1—SAP1), WMR-p (AA–co–DAAM)/palygorskite (PGS) (SAP2) in a laboratory and commercially available water-retaining agents (SAPRX and SAPHDB) to assist the emergence of Artemisiadesertorum seeds and seedling growth; then, their water absorption and thermal stability were discussed. The results showed that the thermal stability of an SAP prepared in the laboratory and the water consumption during seed emergence, root length, and stem length after emergence were better than those of an SAP purchased on the market, and this information could help to promote the emergence and seedling growth of Artemisiadesertorum. While enhancing the drought resistance of plants, using a laboratory-produced SAP can effectively reduce the number of artificial irrigations.
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Moore, Gloria A. "Phenotypic Stability of Transgenic Citrus." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 903G—904. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.903g.
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We have produced a number of transgenic citrus plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of seedling stem segments with a vector plasmid containing a β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. All regenerated green shoots produced in our experiments are assayed histochemically for expression of GUS by cutting a section from the base of the shoot. Many of the shoots express GUS only in sectors, which vary in size from shoot to shoot. Analyses suggest that sectored regenerated shoots are chimeric, consisting of nontransformed cells as well as transformed cells. However, plants derived from shoots with large GUS+ sectors in the original assays do not necessarily contain the GUS gene; conversely, some plants derived from shoots with small sectors appear solidly transformed. Plants that appear solidly transformed have maintained gene expression for up to 5 years. None of the transgenic plants have obviously altered morphologies. It has not been possible to analyze progeny plants because of the long juvenile periods and polyembryony of the primary transformants. However, because citrus is clonally propagated, long-term phenotypic stability of primary transformants is the most important factor in producing useful transgenic plants.
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Zhou, Wenxu, William Branch, Lissa Gilliam, and Julie Marshall. "Phytosterol Composition of Arachis hypogaea Seeds from Different Maturity Classes." Molecules 24, no. 1 (2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010106.
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The seeds of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea, are an agronomically important crop produced for human nutrition, oilseed and feed stock. Peanut seed is the single most expensive variable input cost and thus producers require seed with excellent performance in terms of germination efficiency. During the maturation process, triglycerides are stored in oil bodies as an energy resource during germination and seedling development. The stability of oil body membranes is essential for nutrient mobilization during germination. This study focused on evaluating the phytosterol composition in seed components including the kernel, embryo (heart), and seed coat or skin. Samples of different maturity classes were analyzed for macronutrient and phytosterol content. The three biosynthetic end products in the phytosterol pathway, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, comprised 82.29%, 86.39% and 94.25% of seed hearts, kernels and seed coats, respectively. Stigmasterol concentration was highest in the seed kernel, providing an excellent source of this sterol known to have beneficial effects on human health. Peanut hearts contained the highest concentration of sterols by mass, potentially providing protection and resources for the developing seedling. The amount of α-tocopherol increases in peanut hearts during the maturation process, providing protection from temperature stress, as well as stability required for seedling vigor. These results suggest that phytosterols may play a significant role in the performance of seeds, and provide a possible explanation for the poor germination efficiency of immature seeds.
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Seker, C. "Effects of selected amendments on soil properties and emergence of wheat seedlings." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, no. 5 (2003): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s02-080.
Full textAbstract:
Crusting can have a prominent effect on seedling emergence. Crust formation at the soil surface is a common feature of many soils including the silty loam soil (Aquic Haplocalsids) from the Konya plain examined in this investigation. The effects of different soil amendments on modulus of rupture and aggregate stability in water were measured in a pot experiment in the laboratory. Seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and penetration resistance was investigated in a microplot experiment in the greenhouse. Portland cement, barnyard manure (dairy cattle), city waste compost (municipal refuse) and wheat straw were used in the pot experiment, and Portland cement and barnyard manure were investigated in the microplot experiment. Soil amendments were added to the soil samples at rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6% (wt/wt) and the samples including a control were incubated at about field capacity water content for up to 100 d in the laboratory. The moduli of rupture values and water stable aggregates were measured after 25, 50, 75 and 100 d of incubation. All the soil amendments reduced the modulus of rupture compared with the control soil sample. The modulus of rupture of the control and mixes with Portland cement, barnyard manure, city waste compost and wheat straw (6%, wt/wt) after 100 d of incubation were 726, 0, 494, 564 and 113 kPa, respectively. Aggregate stabilities of the control and the soil amended with Portland cement, barnyard manure, city waste compost and wheat straw (6%, wt/wt) after 100 d of incubation were 5.16, 55.02, 10.82, 8.44 and 34.98%, respectively. Seedling emergences of wheat and penetration resistances of the control and the soil amended with Portland cement and barnyard manure (6%, wt/wt) in the microplots were 29, 80 and 36%; 489, 0 and 471 kPa, respectively. Key words: Surface sealing, aggregate stability, seedling emergence, penetration resistance.
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Plaksenkova, Ilona, Inese Kokina, Anastasija Petrova, Marija Jermaļonoka, Vjačeslavs Gerbreders, and Marina Krasovska. "The Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and miRNA Expression in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Seedlings." Scientific World Journal 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6649746.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are one of the most commonly engineered nanomaterials and necessarily enter the environment because of the large quantities produced and their widespread application. Understanding the impacts of nanoparticles on plant growth and development is crucial for the assessment of probable environmental risks to food safety and human health, because plants are a fundamental living component of the ecosystem and the most important source in the human food chain. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on barley Hordeum vulgare L. seed germination, seedling morphology, root cell viability, stress level, genotoxicity, and expression of miRNAs. The results demonstrate that zinc oxide nanoparticles enhance barley seed germination, shoot/root elongation, and H2O2 stress level and decrease root cell viability and genomic template stability and up- and downregulated miRNAs in barley seedlings.
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Berlyn, Graeme P., Ambrose O. Anoruo, Richard C. Beck, and Jianping Cheng. "DNA content polymorphism and tissue culture regeneration in Caribbean pine." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 5 (1987): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-132.
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The three varieties of Caribbean pine have significantly different amounts of nuclear DNA: Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, 11.5; P. caribaea var. hondurensis, 21; and, P. caribaea var. bahamensis, 25 pg. Dormant embryos of the three varieties had more nuclear DNA than germinating seedlings, and this extra DNA was spread through several classes from 2C to 7C; however, upon germination the seedling DNA rapidly reorganizes into the 2C–4C distribution typical of diploid plants. DNA content polymorphism of the dormant embryos among the three varieties was directly correlated with the diploid amount of DNA and with needle and cotyledon diversity. Buds regenerated from dormant embryo explants in tissue culture were genetically stable; however, the roots of regenerated plants had DNA contents ranging up to nine times the haploid amount. The instability is ascribed to the auxin content of the rooting medium, but buds regenerated or growing on this medium were stable. This bud stability and the production of buds on needle explants from 13-month-old regenerated seedlings are positive indicators for Caribbean pine biotechnology.
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Ahmed, Hafiz, Muhammad Sajjad, Mingju Li, et al. "Selection Criteria for Drought-Tolerant Bread Wheat Genotypes at Seedling Stage." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (2019): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092584.
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Diminishing water resources as a result of excessive use of water for irrigation and climate change posture a severe global threat to food security. Herein, an experiment was conducted to determine the selection criteria for drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes at the seedling stage using morphological and photosynthetic pigmentation-related traits. A panel of 105 wheat landraces, historical Pakistani varieties, and advance breeding lines were evaluated under normal and drought stress using factorial completely randomized design. The root length, fresh weight, dry weight, cell membrane thermo-stability, and chlorophyll b were positively correlated among themselves under both normal and stress conditions. Hence, selection of any one of these traits enhances the performance of other traits. The shoot length was non-significant and negatively associated with all other studied characters except relative water content. The results suggested that selection for shoot length could not improve genetic gain for drought tolerance. Out of 10 principal components (PCs), the first three PCs were showed significant genetic variation under both conditions. The first three PCs showed 74.6% and 76% cumulative genetic variation under normal and drought conditions, respectively. Based on PCA, 10 drought-tolerant and five drought-susceptible genotypes were identified. Overall results suggested that selection for root length, fresh weight, dry weight, cell membrane thermo-stability, and chlorophyll b at the seedling stage would improve genetic gain for drought tolerance. The outperforming genotypes under drought stress conditions can be useful in future wheat breeding programs, and early selection for the traits recommended in this study will be effective for developing high-yielding and drought-tolerant wheat varieties.
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Ali, Essa, Aqib Iqbal, Sayed Hussain, et al. "Selection Criteria to Assess Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat Genotypes Using Physiological and Biochemical Parameters." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 04 (2019): 751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2791.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: Wheat is an important “rabi” (post-rainy season) crops cultivated on more than 8.0 million hectares in Pakistan. Selection based on different secondary traits enhances the progress and accuracy by which drought tolerant genotypes can be identified. In a glass house experiment, different physical and biochemical characteristics associated with drought adaptation were assessed in twelve (12) wheat genotypes. Drought tolerance index, calculated based on seedling dry weight, exhibited that Pirsabak-2004 was the most drought tolerant genotype. Minimum reduction in dry weight (14.32 %), RWC (14.15 %) and leaf area (5.59%) as well as least increase in H2O2 content (104.9%) was noted in Pirsabak-2004. However, Pirsabak-2008 has suffered minimum reduction in fresh weight (28%) and cellular membranes stability (10.89%). Maximum increase in proline (7.75 fold) and sugar content (163.51 %) was noted in PR-97 and PR-90, respectively. Similarly, Saleem-2000 has incurred the minimum reduction in chlorophyll content (32.27%) under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, correlation coefficient calculated between the dry weight and different parameters exhibited seedlings fresh weight, relative water content, H2O2 concentration and membrane stability (r = 0.654, 0.796, -0.824, 0.812, respectively) as the most important secondary traits for selection of wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions.