Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling stage'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Seedling stage.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Seedling stage"
1
Lorca, E. Agostina, Ana E. Ferreras, and Guillermo Funes. "Seed size and seedling ontogenetic stage as modulators of damage tolerance after simulated herbivory in a woody exotic species." Australian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18093.
Full textAbstract:
Herbivory is one of the most important threats that plants face during early stages of development. Previous studies have indicated that seed size and seedling ontogeny strongly influence the response to herbivory at the seedling stage. However, little is known about their interactive effect. We simulated herbivory on seedlings of the exotic Gleditsia triacanthos L. and evaluated the combined effects of seed size and ontogenetic stage at which herbivory occurred on tolerance to herbivory. A greenhouse experiment was performed, with three non-overlapping levels of seed size. Seedlings from each seed size were clipped at two ontogenetic stages (two and five leaves). After three weeks, seedling survival, height, leaf number and dry biomass were measured. Damaged seedlings were not able to reach the size of the undamaged ones. Seedlings from small seeds showed the lowest values in most of the growth variables. Seedlings cut at two-leaf stage showed a higher compensation capacity than those cut at five-leaf stage. Seedlings from large seeds cut at ontogenetic stage I showed the highest compensation capacity in most of the variables. Partly compensating herbivory at this stage may be an advantage for the expansion of this exotic species to new areas.
2
Gao, Min, Fengbao Yang, Hong Wei, and Xiaoxia Liu. "Automatic Monitoring of Maize Seedling Growth Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based RGB Imagery." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (2023): 3671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143671.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate and rapid monitoring of maize seedling growth is critical in early breeding decision making, field management, and yield improvement. However, the number and uniformity of seedlings are conventionally determined by manual evaluation, which is inefficient and unreliable. In this study, we proposed an automatic assessment method of maize seedling growth using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) RGB imagery. Firstly, high-resolution images of maize at the early and late seedling stages (before and after the third leaf) were acquired using the UAV RGB system. Secondly, the maize seedling center detection index (MCDI) was constructed, resulting in a significant enhancement of the color contrast between young and old leaves, facilitating the segmentation of maize seedling centers. Furthermore, the weed noise was removed by morphological processing and a dual-threshold method. Then, maize seedlings were extracted using the connected component labeling algorithm. Finally, the emergence rate, canopy coverage, and seedling uniformity in the field at the seedling stage were calculated and analyzed in combination with the number of seedlings. The results revealed that our approach showed good performance for maize seedling count with an average R2 greater than 0.99 and an accuracy of F1 greater than 98.5%. The estimation accuracies at the third leaf stage (V3) for the mean emergence rate and the mean seedling uniformity were 66.98% and 15.89%, respectively. The estimation accuracies at the sixth leaf stage (V6) for the mean seedling canopy coverage and the mean seedling uniformity were 32.21% and 8.20%, respectively. Our approach provided the automatic monitoring of maize growth per plot during early growth stages and demonstrated promising performance for precision agriculture in seedling management.
3
Pannwitt, Heike, Paula R. Westerman, Friederike De Mol, and Bärbel Gerowitt. "Demographic Processes Allow Echinochloa crus-galli to Compensate Seed Losses by Seed Predation." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030565.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of weed management that targets the seed stage on subsequent life stages is largely unknown. Post-dispersal seed predation reduces the number of seeds from the soil surface before the seeds contribute to the seedbank. Density-dependent processes can mitigate the effect of seed predation in subsequent life stages. In this study, we tested if (i) targeting the seed stage affects the subsequent seedling stage; (ii) if density-dependent mortality in subsequent life stages partly compensates seedling abundance; and (iii) if the magnitude of final seed production depends on seed predation. We fully parameterized a model for the summer-annual weed Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Field data from three maize fields in north-eastern Germany were obtained, in the presence or absence of seed predation and different population levels of the weed species. Seeds of E. crus-galli were applied in autumn and the number of seedlings, adult plants, and seed production per m2 was determined the following season. Seed predation reduced the number of seedlings. Density-dependent mortality during the seedling stage increased fecundity with decreasing seedling density, and, thus, compensated for lower numbers of seedlings. The final level of seed production per m2 did not depend on seed predation and initial population densities, but differed among fields. We conclude, solely targeting the seed stage can scarcely limit the population growth of E. crus-galli.
4
Cong Dien, Doan, and Takeo Yamakawa. "Phenotypic Variation and Selection for Cold-Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Germination and Seedling Stages." Agriculture 9, no. 8 (2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080162.
Full textAbstract:
Owing to its origin in tropical and subtropical areas, rice is susceptible to cold stress. Low temperatures at the germination and seedling stages can result in seed loss, a delayed transplanting period, and lower final yield. In this study, 181 rice varieties from around the world were investigated for cold tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. At the germination stage, the responses of different rice varieties were examined based on the germination index, coleoptile length, and radicle length at low (13 °C) and control temperatures (25 °C). Significant variations in the germination index, coleoptile length, and radicle length were observed among varieties. Low temperature significantly decreased germination ability, and coleoptile and radicle growth in the studied varieties. At the seedling stage, cold tolerance of the rice varieties was evaluated based on the leaf color score under natural low temperature. Similar to the germination stage, at the seedling stage, significant variation in root and shoot growth was observed in the response of rice varieties to low temperature conditions. Based on the results from both the germination and seedling stages, two varieties (Hei-Chiao-Chui-Li-Hsiang and Ta-Mao-Tao) were selected as the best cold-tolerant varieties. Our results also indicate the benefits of warming treatments to protect rice seedlings from low temperature conditions.
5
Roychoudhury, N. "Development of Galls in Eucalyptus Due to Infestation of Leptocybe invasa and Its Effects on Growth of Seedlings." Indian Journal of Forestry 41, no. 1 (2018): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2018-6i88zn.
Full textAbstract:
Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae), commonly known as blue gum chalcid wasp, is a major gall making insect species of eucalyptus, causing serious damage to seedlings in nursery stage. An insectary/nursery of eucalyptus was developed at this Institute to study the stages of gall development, number of galls formed with the age of seedling and effects of galls on the growth of seedling. Results revealed that there are five distinct stages of gall development, first stage initiates by the insertion of eggs on the epidermis of soft young leaves, petioles and stems and final stage ends with the emergence of adult wasps from galls through exit holes. It was observed that the development of galls start after one month age of seedlings, and there was significant (P<0.05-P<0.01) variation in growth (height and collar diameter), number of galls in leaves, petioles and stems, and total number of galls/seedling in respect of age. The data clearly exhibited that one month old seedlings were free from the attack of L. invasa as because there was complete absence of galls. Further, it was recorded that seedlings growth (height and collar diameter) was affected by the development of galls, minimum growth was recorded in case of maximum galls developed whereas less galls were noticed for maximum growth of seedlings. There was an inverse relationship exists between seedling growth and development of galls. The practical application of findings was discussed in the light of the present observations.
6
Huang, Zhenying, and Yitzchak Gutterman. "Seedling desiccation tolerance of Leymus racemosus (Poaceae) (wild rye), a perennial sand-dune grass inhabiting the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China." Seed Science Research 14, no. 2 (2004): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2004172.
Full textAbstract:
Leymus Racemosus, The Mammoth Wild Rye, Is A Rhizomatous Perennial Grass, Mainly Distributed In The Moving Or Semi-Stabilized Sand Dunes In Deserts Of The Junggar Basin In Xinjiang, China. The Revival Ability Of The Young Seedling After Periods Of Desiccation Can Be Influenced By Several Factors: (1) The Stage Of Seedling Development – The Later The Stage At Dehydration, The Longer The Root Length And The Lower Is The Percentage Of Seedlings That Survive; (2) The Length Of The Period Of Desiccation – The Longer The Period That The Seedlings Are Under Desiccation, The Lower Is The Percentage Of Seedlings That Survive; (3) Endosperm Size – The Smaller The Proportion Of Endosperm That Remains In The Caryopses, The Lower Is The Percentage Of Seedlings That Revive, Determined By (A) The Stage Of Seedling Development, And (B) The Proportion Of The Endosperm That Is Removed By Cutting; And (4) Caryopsis Size – The Larger The Polymorphic Caryopses, The Higher Is The Percentage Of Young Seedlings That Revive From Periods Of Desiccation. The Physiological And Ecological Implications Of L. Racemosus Seedling Desiccation Tolerance Are That Under Extreme Desert And Unpredictable Environmental Conditions, The Chances Of Seedling Establishment Are Increased.
7
Li, Jian, and Xiuhai Zhao. "Modification of Density Dependence and Habitat Filtering on Seedling Survival of Different Mycorrhizal-Type Tree Species in Temperate Forests." Forests 14, no. 9 (2023): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091919.
Full textAbstract:
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) and habitat filtering are critical to seedling survival. However, the relative importance of the two processes in affecting survival of seedlings with different types of mycorrhizae remains unclear. In this study, the effects of CNDD and habitat filtering on the survival of tree seedlings with different mycorrhizal types were investigated at different successional stages of a temperate forest in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve, Northeast China. Conspecific negative density dependence and habitat filtering significantly affected seedling survival. In the early successional stage, the interactions between conspecific neighbor tree density and light availability and soil properties significantly negatively affected survival of all species and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) seedlings in the community, but not that of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) seedlings, and the CNDD effect was stronger on AM seedlings than on EcM seedlings. In the mid-successional stage, CNDD effects were stronger on EcM seedlings. Therefore, different types of mycorrhizal seedlings responded differently to CNDD and habitat filtering mechanisms during community succession, and thus, tree mycorrhizal association could determine the effects of CNDD and habitat filtering on seedling survival in temperate forests.
8
Liberato, Érica Maria Sauer, Sarita Leonel, Jackson Mirellys Azevedo Souza, and Gabriel Maluf Napoleão. "SUBSTRATE MIXING FORMULATIONS FOR CITRUS NURSERY MANAGEMENT." Nativa 9, no. 5 (2021): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v9i5.12777.
Full textAbstract:
The length of citrus seedling development is determined by several factors, including the physical and chemical qualities of the substrate, which affect rootstock growth and, as a result, the quality of field seedlings. The purpose of this study was to see how the ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock developed with different substrate formulations. The experiment was carried out in a seedling nursery from seeding to grafting, and six treatments were carried out, as follows: 60% peat moss, 30% fine grade horticultural vermiculite, 10% rice hulls (1); 60% peat moss, 30% fine grade horticultural vermiculite, 10% rice hulls (2); 50% peat moss, 30% fine grade horticultural vermiculite, 20% rice hulls (3); 50% peat moss, 30% fine grade horticultural vermiculite, 20% rice hulls (4); 50% peat moss, 20% fine grade horticultural vermiculite, 30% rice hulls (5); 50% peat moss, 20% fine grade horticultural vermiculite, 30% rice hulls (6). In addition, the experiment was divided into two stages: seeding (stage 1) and seedling nursery (stage 2). In a completely randomized design, the experiment has six treatments, four replications, and 51 plants per plot. When container transplanting was performed, the emergence percentage of seedlings was determined; thus, eight plants per plot were examined. For the second stage, was used a completely randomized design with 6 substrate formulations, 4 replications, and 20 seedlings per plot. Stem height, stem diameter, leaf number, area meter, root dry matter, leaf and stem dry matter, and quality index were measured on seedlings every 28 days. All substrate formulations improved seedling development until grafting, except for the 30% rice hulls, which hampered seedling development in ‘Swingle' citrumelo.
9
Durr, C., and J. Boiffin. "Sugarbeet seedling growth from germination to first leaf stage." Journal of Agricultural Science 124, no. 3 (1995): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007338x.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThe growth of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings was investigated under laboratory conditions in 1990 and 1991. Three phases were identified during heterotrophic growth in the dark, based on the changes in dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents. The perispermic reserves were first transferred to the young seedling. All the components of the seedling (cotyledons, hypocotyl, radicle) began to elongate and their dry weights increased. The seedling separated from the seed at the end of this first period, 4 days after imbibition had started at 20 °C. During the second period, there was a major redistribution of material between organs, mainly from cotyledons to the hypocotyl. The different organs elongated rapidly. From the start of the third period, 6 days after sowing at 20 °C, the organs began to lose weight and gradually ceased to elongate. The dry weights of the whole seedlings and of each organ were proportional to the initial seed weights. The elongations and changes in dry weights obtained at different temperatures coincided when time was expressed as thermal time using a base temperature of 3·5 °C. The growth of the seedling after illumination depended on the heterotrophic growth duration. If emergence occurred after 100 °Cd, the relative growth rate of the seedling decreased. In field conditions, plant variability at the end of sugarbeet establishment is due not only to variations in seed weights but also to environmental conditions that control emergence delay.
10
Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Effects of Harvest-Aid Herbicides on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Seed Yield and Quality." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (1992): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036587.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to study the effects of 220 g ai ha-1AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha-1glufosinate, 560 g ai ha-1glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha-1paraquat on sicklepod seed production and quality when applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 growth stages of sicklepod. No seed were produced on plants treated at R5 with paraquat and glufosinate; glyphosate was the least effective herbicide at this growth stage. Although sicklepod seed germinated after AC 263,222 application at R5, no seedling emergence occurred. Normal seedlings, seedling emergence, and seedling radicle length were reduced by all herbicides applied to parent plants at R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. AC 263,222 applied at R7 reduced normal seedlings and seedling emergence more than any other herbicide. No effects were observed on any of the variables investigated when herbicides were applied at R8.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling stage"
1
Yang, Dongsheng. "The response of two eucalypt subspecies to water stress and fertilizer at early seedling stage." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140223.
Full text
2
Schatz, Jason D. "Early Life Stage Characteristics of Six Acadian Conifer Species: Germination and Seedling Development in a Changing Climate." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SchatzJD2007.pdf.
Full text
3
Moura, Cristiane Coelho de. "Propaga??o da Richeria grandis Vahl. (Phyllanthaceae)." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1597.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-02-16T17:56:15Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
cristiane_coelho_moura.pdf: 2162662 bytes, checksum: b2941635e812ffa2d1ef219667e8df5f (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-09T19:32:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
cristiane_coelho_moura.pdf: 2162662 bytes, checksum: b2941635e812ffa2d1ef219667e8df5f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T19:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
cristiane_coelho_moura.pdf: 2162662 bytes, checksum: b2941635e812ffa2d1ef219667e8df5f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017<br>Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES).<br>Anglo American<br>Com o intuito de gerar informa??es para produ??o de mudas direcionadas ? projetos de restaura??o de Matas de Galeria, objetivou-se neste estudo, descrever a morfologia e aspectos biom?tricos do fruto e da semente, as caracter?sticas morfofuncionais e desenvolvimento da pl?ntula, e obter a classifica??o fisiol?gica quanto a capacidade de armazenamento das sementes da Richeria grandis Vahl. Verificou-se tamb?m a influ?ncia de diferentes composi??es de substratos e n?veis de redu??o solar sob a emerg?ncia de pl?ntulas e crescimento de mudas via propaga??o sexuada e a viabilidade da t?cnica de miniestaquia na propaga??o assexuada da R. grandis, submetidas a diferentes concentra??es do regulador de crescimento ?cido indolbut?rico (AIB). A coleta de sementes ocorreu em 18 ?rvores-matrizes estabelecidas em Matas de Galeria inund?veis localizadas no Parque Estadual do Biribiri, Diamantina, MG e, todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em Viveiro Florestal e laborat?rio de Sementes pertencente ao Centro Integrado de Propaga??o de Esp?cies Florestais (CIPEF- UFVJM). A caracteriza??o morfol?gica e biom?trica de frutos e sementes se deu por observa??es a olho nu e mensura??es utilizando um paqu?metro universal. A fim de observar o comportamento fisiol?gico, sementes rec?m beneficiadas desta esp?cie foram armazenadas em sacos de papel ao ar livre, e foram submetidas a testes de germina??o e umidade (%) periodicamente. As caracter?sticas morfofuncionais foram observadas, a olho nu, mediante processo de desenvolvimento (desde a protrus?o radicular, emerg?ncia at? o surgimento do primeiro prot?filo) em laborat?rio e casa de vegeta??o. Utilizou-se tr?s composi??es de substratos e tr?s n?veis de sombreamento para testar o efeito destas combina??es sobre a qualidade de mudas jovens da R. grandis, para tal, foi mensurado ao longo de 210 dias, a altura, di?metro do coleto, n?mero de folhas, clorofila total e biomassas secas. Por fim, a base de estacas apicais provenientes de mudas jovens resgatadas em ambiente natural da R. grandis, foram emergidas em quatro concentra??es de AIB e avaliadas aos 90 dias, mensurando o incremento em altura e di?metro, sobreviv?ncia (%), enraizamento (%), calogenia (%) e brota??es (%). Ressalta-se que, para todos os experimentos, os princ?pios b?sicos da experimenta??o (repeti??o, casualiza??o e controle local) foram atendidos, utilizando diferentes delineamentos experimentais. Diferentes ferramentas para an?lise estat?stica tamb?m foram utilizadas para auxiliar na tomada de decis?o. O fruto da R. grandis ? simples, seco, do tipo c?psula, deiscente, com comprimento m?dio de 16,24 mm e largura m?dia de 8,57mm. A semente ? elipsoide com presen?a de sarcotesta, apresentando comprimento m?dio de 7,40mm e largura m?dia de 4,57 mm. A R. grandis apresenta sementes recalcitrantes, a emerg?ncia ? do tipo Fanero-ep?geo-foli?ceo, e o processo de desenvolvimento para a semente se tornar uma pl?ntula completa delonga por, no m?nimo, 50 dias. Os substratos compostos por diferentes propor??es de vermiculita, casca de arroz e Bioplant?, associado com os sombreamentos 30 e 50% foram respons?veis por promover mudas da R. grandis de melhor qualidade. A t?cnica de propaga??o vegetativa por miniestaquia ? vi?vel, uma vez que houve 100% de sobreviv?ncia e alta porcentagem de enraizamento at? para o tratamento sem adi??o do AIB.<br>Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.<br>The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and biometric aspects of the fruit and seed, the morphofunctional characteristics and development of the seedling, and to obtain the classification the storage capacity of the seeds of Richeria grandis Vahl. It was also verified the influence of different compositions of substrates and levels of solar reduction under the emergence of seedlings and growth of seedlings via sexual propagation and the viability of the technique of minicache in the asexual propagation of R. grandis, submitted to different concentrations of the regulator of indolebutyric acid (IBA) growth. Seed collection occurred in 18 matrix trees established in flooded Forest Mills located in Biribiri State Park, Diamantina, MG, and all experiments were conducted in Forest Nursery and Seed Laboratory belonging to the Integrated Center for the Propagation of Forest Species ( CIPEF-UFVJM). The morphological and biometric characterization of fruits and seeds was by naked eye observations and measurements using a universal caliper. In order to observe the physiological behavior, freshly harvested seeds of this species were stored in paper bags in the open air and germinated and tested (%) periodically. The morphofunctional characteristics were observed in the laboratory and in the greenhouse by means of a developmental process (from root protrusion, emergence until the first protophyte). Three compositions of substrates and three levels of shading were used to test the effect of these combinations on the quality of R. grandis young seedlings. The height, collection diameter, number of leaves , total chlorophyll and dry biomass. Finally, the base of apical cuttings from young saplings rescued in the natural environment of R. grandis, were emerged in four concentrations of IBA and evaluated at 90 days, measuring the increase in height and diameter, survival (%), rooting (% ), calogenia (%) and sprouts (%). It should be noted that for all experiments, the basic principles of experimentation (repetition, randomization and local control) were met using different experimental designs. Different tools for statistical analysis were also used to aid in decision making. The fruit of R. grandis is simple, dry, capsule type, dehiscent, with an average length of 16.24 mm and an average width of 8.57 mm. The seed is ellipsoid with presence of sarcotesta, presenting an average length of 7.40 mm and an average width of 4.57 mm. R. grandis presents recalcitrant seeds, the emergence is of the
Fanero-epigene-foliaceous type, and the development process for the seed becomes a complete seedling delonged for at least 50 days. The substrates composed of different proportions of vermiculite, rice husk and Bioplant ?, associated with shading 30 and 50% were responsible for promoting R. grandis seedlings of better quality. The technique of vegetative propagation by minicutting is feasible, since there was a 100% survival and a high percentage of rooting even for the treatment without addition of AIB.
4
Doust, Susan Jillian. "Seed and seedling ecology in the early stages of rainforest restoration /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18410.pdf.
Full text
5
Bapela, Mahwahwatse Johanna. "Variation of active constituents in Euclea natalensis based on seedling stages, seasons, and fertilizers." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06262008-095522/.
Full text
6
Bapela, Mahwahwatse Johanna. "Variation of active constituents in Euclea natalensis based on seedling stages, seasons, and fertilizers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25856.
Full textAbstract:
Euclea natalensis A.DC. belongs to the Ebenaceae family, and is extensively distributed along the eastern coast of southern Africa. Many Euclea species are widely gathered by indigenous people because of their medicinal properties. Roots of these plant species are frequently used to treat respiratory complications such as chest pains, bronchitis, pleurisy and asthma. Ground root powder is topically applied in cases of leprosy and is used by some ethnic groups to treat toothache and headache. The bioactivity encountered is attributable to naphthoquinones, which are common phenolic compounds in the Ebenaceae family. Naphthoquinones isolated from E. natalensis (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) have exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The demand for these products will escalate due the amount of plant material required to further research. We need to explore techniques that can maximize their productivity. The present study was conducted on E. natalensis, in an attempt to establish if there exists any correlation between the accumulation of naphthoquinones and stages of seedling growth, seasonal fluctuations and application of fertilizers. A possible correlation between seedling growth stages and the accumulation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone and diospyrin) was investigated in seeds and seedlings of Euclea natalensis. In this study, the seeds represented the first stage, whereas the second seedling stage was defined as the stage when the radicles were about 6 cm long. The lengths of the seedlings at the third, fourth and fifth seedling stages were 9 cm, 12 cm and 16 cm respectively. Plant materials collected from the five seedling stages were separately extracted using chloroform and the naphthoquinones were then quantified by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Mobile phase of MeCN: H2O: AcOH (62.5: 32.5: 5) was used as an eluent in an isocratic mode and at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Standard curves of each of the four compounds were obtained by making a series of dilutions in the concentration range of 22.5 µg/ml to 2.25 µg/ml. Ten microlitres of each dilution was injected three times into the HPLC, and the run time for each injection was 20 minutes. Calibration curves were then generated and used for the quantification of each compound. Shinanolone, which was the only naphthoquinone detectible in seeds, accumulated at variable rates (P<0.01) and no trend could be established between its synthesis and seedling growth. The content of shinanolone ranged from 87.5 mg/kg dry weight (dw) in seeds to a high mean value of 1047 mg/kg (dw) during the fourth seedling stage. A significant correlation (P<0.01) was found between the mean concentrations of 7-methyljuglone and seedling growth. 7-Methyljuglone was quantified at a high mean level of 5003 mg/kg during the third seedling stage and was not detected in the seed samples. A positive correlation (P<0.01) was established between the concentration of diospyrin and seedling stages. Diospyrin was detected at an elevated mean concentration of 6182 mg/kg during the fifth seedling stage, which was higher than the other quantified naphthoquinones. Seasonal variation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) was investigated from eleven plants of E. natalensis subsp. natalensis growing in natural populations, over a period of four seasons. The roots were harvested, dried, extracted and analysed as in the previous study. The mean levels of shinanolone and 7-methyljuglone were found to be uniform in all the seasons and no statistically significant variation could be found between seasonal changes and their mean concentrations. Accumulation of isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin varied significantly with seasonal changes (P<0.05). These two bioactive naphthoquinones were detected only in summer and autumn respectively, and not in winter. A statistically significant variation (P<0.05) was established between the levels of diospyrin and seasonal fluctuations. Diospyrin was detected at a mean concentration of 3190 mg/kg (dw) during spring, which was higher than the other naphthoquinones quantified in all four seasons. The effect of NPK fertilizers on growth performance and accumulation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) in seedlings of E. natalensis grown in shade and under field conditions was investigated. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, which were then subjected to four respective treatments of water-soluble foliar feed (2:1:2 (44) NPK) at three different concentrations. Treatments tested were as follows: Treatment 1 at 40 g/l, Treatment 2 and Treatment 3 at 20 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. The control group received only supplemental water. The first harvest was conducted after 6 months of application of fertilizers and the second one was done after 12 months of treatment. Roots and shoots were harvested and analysed separately. The naphthoquinones were quantified as previously described. The bioactivity of root extracts from seedlings was tested against Mycobacterium smegmatis and extracts with lower MIC were further tested on M. tuberculosis. Growth parameters differed between the two groups, with seedlings from the shadehouse showing more plant vigour than the field grown plants. No significant interaction could be established between the measured growth factors and treatment. A significant interaction (P<0.001) was found between Treatment 2 and shadehouse seedlings. Treatment 2 enhanced vegetative performance with the mean values of fresh weight of shoots and roots being twice as much as their respective control mean values. A significantly positive correlation was established between the concentration of shinanolone (P<0.01), isodiospyrin (P<0.05) and neodiospyrin (P<0.05) with fertilization from field-grown seedlings. Application of NPK fertilizers significantly (P<0.05) increased the accumulation of neodiospyrin in seedlings subjected to shadehouse conditions. The most potent naphthoquinone, 7-methyljuglone, was found to be abundant in all the extracts and was quantified at a high mean concentration of 10200 mg/kg from shadehouse seedlings. Root extracts of E. natalensis seedlings grown under field conditions were generally more active against the bacterial strain of M. smegmatis as compared to extracts acquired from roots of seedlings maintained under a shadehouse setting. A lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78mg/ml against M. smegmatis was observed from the second harvest of field-cultivated seedlings of the control and Treatment 1 subgroups. The MIC values for shadehouse seedlings ranged from 1.6 to 6.3 mg/ml. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values from all the extracts tested were relatively higher than their respective MIC’s. Root extracts of E. natalensis were more active against M. tuberculosis and their MIC values were lower than the tested concentrations. Extracts acquired from field-grown seedlings were more active against M. smegmatis with a lowest MIC value of 0.78 mg/ml. Extracts from the control group and Treatment 1, which had less application of fertilizers were more active against strains of M. tuberculosis with MIC value of 10 µg/ml. This shows the selectivity of E. natalensis against the mycobacterial strain of M. tuberculosis. Based on the findings, synthesis and accumulation of naphthoquinones in E. natalensis is highly variable within individuals of the species investigated. Naphthoquinones accumulate in relatively higher amounts in roots of E. natalensis than in the aboveground structures, which validate their harvest by indigenous people. The concentration of shinanolone varied slightly and its production increased with seedling growth. The synthesis of 7-methyljuglone is independent of fertilisation as its accumulation was enhanced in seedlings subjected to control treatment. Neodiospyrin and isodiospyrin were always present in every sample obtained from the seedlings but they were not detectible in every profile of samples from mature plants. Diospyrin is the only naphthoquinone that was detected in every sample analysed and also quantified in high concentrations from mature plants harvested in spring. The study showed that depending on the requirement of a particular naphthoquinone for research, one could target the seasons and seedling stages recommended from this study. This study also showed that field-cultivated seedlings produced more potent naphthoquinones than the ones subjected to controlled environments.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Plant Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008.<br>Plant Production and Soil Science<br>unrestricted
7
Cohen, Susan Alese. "Regenerating Longleaf Pine on Hydric Soils - Short-Term Effects on Soil Properties and Seedling Establishment." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04282008-191226/.
Full textAbstract:
Restoring longleaf pine ecosystems is essential for managing rare plant and animal species and protecting biological diversity in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Natural longleaf pine ecosystems range from xeric uplands to poorly-drained flatwoods and savannas. Most existing stands, however, occur on xeric to dry-mesic sites and approaches to restoring longleaf pine to wetter sites traditionally utilize intensive practices. There is little information available on the efficacy of these practices to establish longleaf pine seedlings on poorly-drained sites and their impacts on soil properties, seedling survival and growth, and the understory plant community. A research project was established at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC to evaluate the effects of site preparation methods for returning longleaf pine on hydric soils with no natural seed source. Various site preparation treatments were evaluated in a field experiment, and results revealed greater growth and earlier emergence from the grass stage with more intensive site preparation. There was a marginal increase in soil nutrients, and a slight increase in foliar nutrients found with the more intensive treatments. Site preparation influenced seedling growth in the short-term and this was likely due to the cumulative effects of controlling competition and modifying the planting site. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune and other Department of Defense installations include both former and remnant longleaf pine ecosystems that support federally protected plants and animals such as the red-cockaded woodpecker - and thus face the challenge of restoring former, poorly-drained longleaf pine ecosystems. A land use history revealed that, largely due to its poorly-drained status and inaccessibility, the majority of disturbance on the research area occurred after the 1920âs and was largely due to forestry activities. Since purchasing the land area of the project in 1996, the Marine Corpsâ challenge has been to balance the mission of training and readiness with the need for restoration and long-term management of longleaf pine ecosystems. The results of this work provide natural resource managers with a scientific foundation for assessing choices to assist in this restoration and management effort.
8
Warner, Amanda Jo. "Identifying and characterizing fungal pathogens causing seedling diseases on soybean through a multi-state survey." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1396.
Full textAbstract:
Seedling diseases are both common and destructive on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. They are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes. The goal of this research was to identify fungal pathogens causing seedling diseases of soybean through a multi-state effort. Two different approaches were used for genus and species determination, one relying on morphological features using microscopy and the other through DNA sequencing of specific genetic loci using up to three different barcodes. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the elongation factor EF-1α, and the intergenic spacer (IGS) regions were sequenced for the various isolates to confirm speciation. Data produced from the study includes identification of fungal isolates from eight states in the Unites States, each one contributing approximately 150 isolates. Data also involves correlating species and genus distributions to factors including geographical distribution, cultural practices, soil type, and climatic conditions. More than 3,000 fungal isolates were processed for identification to help determine the predominant causal agents of seedling diseases on soybean in the production fields where the isolates were collected. Our findings showed that Fusaria were the most predominant of the genera identified followed by Trichoderma species. Of sixty-one different species identified over the course of two years of the study, F. oxysporum was the most abundantly isolated. Evidence was shown that different cultural practices and environmental factors do have effects on the distribution of the various species seen in soybean fields with seedling diseases. Through the two-year efforts of seedling diseases causing fungal identification studies, further research studies were developed and pursued. In addition to the fungi believed to be contributing to seedling diseases, we also identified fungal isolates with potential to serve as biological control agents (BCAs). We found fungi, e.g. Trichoderma species, known for their control potential and proceeded with in vitro and in vivo studies to further understand their efficacy and mechanisms on a variety of pathogens with a focus on the sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogen, Fusarium virguliforme. Species of the Trichoderma genus more significantly inhibited pathogen growth than other genera tested and T. harzianum was the most efficient of Trichoderma species.
9
Dugo, Tesfaye Letta <1976>. "Association mapping of stem rust resistance in durum wheat at the seedling and adult plant stages." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5935/1/Dugo_Tesfaye_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In wheat, stem rust is known to rapidly evolve new virulence to resistance genes. While more than 50 stem rust resistance (Sr) loci have been identified in wheat, only a few remain effective, particularly against the highly virulent race Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races. An association mapping (AM) study based on 183 durum wheat accessions was utilized to identify resistance loci for stem rust response in Ethiopia over four seasons and artificial inoculation with Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races under field conditions as well as in greenhouse test at seedling stage under controlled conditions for resistance to four highly virulent stem rust races: TRTTF, TTTTF, (TTKSK (Ug99) and JRCQC. The panel was profiled with 1,253 SSR and DArT markers. Twelve QTL-tagging markers were significant (P < 0.05) across three to four seasons. The role of Sr13, Sr9, Sr14, Sr17, and Sr28 was confirmed. Thirteen significant markers were in regions with no Sr genes/QTLs.
The results under controlled conditions showed that 15, 20, 19 and 19 chromosome regions harbored markers that showed significant effects for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. These genomic regions showed marker R2 values ranging from 1.13 to 8.34, 1.92 to 17.64, 1.75 to 23.12 and 1.51 to 15.33% for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. The study demonstrates that stem rust resistance in durum wheat is governed in part by shared loci and in part by race-specific ones. The QTLs identified in this study through AM will be useful in the marker-assisted development of durum wheat cultivars with durable stem rust resistance.
10
Dugo, Tesfaye Letta <1976>. "Association mapping of stem rust resistance in durum wheat at the seedling and adult plant stages." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5935/.
Full textAbstract:
In wheat, stem rust is known to rapidly evolve new virulence to resistance genes. While more than 50 stem rust resistance (Sr) loci have been identified in wheat, only a few remain effective, particularly against the highly virulent race Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races. An association mapping (AM) study based on 183 durum wheat accessions was utilized to identify resistance loci for stem rust response in Ethiopia over four seasons and artificial inoculation with Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races under field conditions as well as in greenhouse test at seedling stage under controlled conditions for resistance to four highly virulent stem rust races: TRTTF, TTTTF, (TTKSK (Ug99) and JRCQC. The panel was profiled with 1,253 SSR and DArT markers. Twelve QTL-tagging markers were significant (P < 0.05) across three to four seasons. The role of Sr13, Sr9, Sr14, Sr17, and Sr28 was confirmed. Thirteen significant markers were in regions with no Sr genes/QTLs.
The results under controlled conditions showed that 15, 20, 19 and 19 chromosome regions harbored markers that showed significant effects for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. These genomic regions showed marker R2 values ranging from 1.13 to 8.34, 1.92 to 17.64, 1.75 to 23.12 and 1.51 to 15.33% for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. The study demonstrates that stem rust resistance in durum wheat is governed in part by shared loci and in part by race-specific ones. The QTLs identified in this study through AM will be useful in the marker-assisted development of durum wheat cultivars with durable stem rust resistance.
Books on the topic "Seedling stage"
1
James, Robert L. Mortality of bareroot Colorado blue spruce seedlings, Montana State Nursery, Missoula. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 1987.
Find full text
2
Smith, Lisa L. Deciduous forest communities and tree seedling distributions in Forbes State Forest, southwestern Pennsylvania. 1990.
Find full text
3
Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecological techniques, based upon the annual variability of tree rings, are commonly used to analyze the disturbance histories of old-growth stands. Dendroecological methods make it possible to reconstruct the stand history over several centuries in the past by analyzing the frequency, intensity, duration and spatial scale of disturbances causing the death of trees. Combining the dendroecological techniques with the detailed measurements of stand structure, snag volume, CWD volume, and the analyses of regeneration species composition and structure allows us to identify the factors responsible for the changes in dynamics of mixed mountain forests. Various disturbance agents affect some species selectively, while some disturbances promote the establishment of tree seedlings of specific species by modifying environmental conditions. Describing the disturbance regime requires a broad scope of data on stand structure, on dead wood and tree regeneration, while various factors affecting all the stages of tree growth should be taken into consideration. On the basis of the already published data from permanent sample plots, combined with the available disturbance history analyses from the Western Carpathians, three research hypotheses were formulated. 1. The species composition of mixed mountain forests has been changing for at least several decades. These directional changes are the consequence of simultaneous conifer species decline and expansion of beech. 2. The observed changes in species composition of mixed mountain forests are the effect of indirect anthropogenic influences, significantly changing tree growth conditions also in the forests that are usually considered natural or near-natural. Cumulative impact of these indirect influences leads to the decrease of fir share in the tree layer (spruce decline has also been observed recently),and it limits the representation of this species among seedlings and saplings. The final effect is the decrease of fir and spruce share in the forest stands. 3. Small disturbances, killing single trees or small groups of trees, and infrequent disturbances of medium size and intensity dominate the disturbance regime in mixed mountain forests. The present structure of beech-fir-spruce forests is shaped both by complex disturbance regime and indirect anthropogenic influences. The data were gathered in permanent sample plots in strictly protected areas of Babia Góra, Gorce, and Tatra National Parks, situated in the Western Carpathians. All plots were located in the old-growth forest stands representing Carpathian beech forest community. The results of the measurements of trees, snags, coarse woody debris (CWD) and tree regeneration were used for detailed description of changes in the species composition and structure of tree stands. Tree ring widths derived from increment cores were used to reconstruct the historical changes in tree growth trends of all main tree species, as well as the stand disturbance history within the past two to three hundred years. The analyses revealed complex disturbance history in all of the three forest stands. Intermediate disturbances of variable intensity occurred, frequently separated by the periods of low tree mortality lasting from several decades up to over one hundred years. The intervals between the disturbances were significantly shorter than the expected length of forest developmental cycle, in commonly used theories describing the dynamics of old-growth stands. During intermediate disturbances up to several dozen percent of canopy trees were killed. There were no signs of stand-replacing disturbances, killing all or nearly all of canopy trees. The periods of intense tree mortality were followed by subsequent periods of increased sapling recruitment. Variability in disturbance intensity is one of the mechanisms promoting the coexistence of beech and conifer species in mixed forests. The recruitment of conifer saplings depended on the presence of larger gaps, resulting from intermediate disturbances, while beech was more successful in the periods of low mortality. However, in the last few decades, beech seems to benefit from the period of intense fir mortality. This change results from the influence of long-term anthropogenic disturbances, affecting natural mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of different tree species and change natural disturbance regimes. Indirect anthropogenic influence on tree growth was clearly visible in the gradual decrease of fir increments in the twentieth century, resulting from the high level of air pollution in Europe. Synchronous decreases of fir tree rings’ widths were observed in all three of the sample plots, but the final outcomes depended on the fir age. In most cases, the damage to the foliage limited the competitive abilities of fir, but it did not cause a widespread increase in tree mortality, except for the oldest firs in the BGNP (Babia Góra National Park) plot. BGNP is located in the proximity of industrial agglomeration of Upper Silesia, and it could be exposed to higher level of air pollution than the other two plots. High level of fir regeneration browsing due to the deer overabundance and insufficient number of predators is the second clear indication of the indirect anthropogenic influence on mixed mountain forests. Game impact on fir regeneration is the most pronounced in Babia Góra forests, where fir was almost completely eliminated from the saplings. Deer browsing seems to be the main factor responsible for limiting the number of fir saplings and young fir trees, while the representation of fir among seedlings is high. The experiments conducted in fenced plots located in the mixed forests in BGNP proved that fir and sycamore were the most preferred by deer species among seedlings and saplings. In GNP (Gorce National Park) and TNP (Tatra National Park), the changes in species composition of tree regeneration are similar, but single firs or even small groups of firs are present among saplings. It seems that all of the analysed mixed beech-fir-spruce forests undergo directional changes, causing a systematic decrease in fir representation, and the expansion of beech. This tendency results from the indirect anthropogenic impact, past and present. Fir regeneration decline, alongside with the high level of spruce trees’ mortality in recent years, may lead to a significant decrease in conifers representation in the near future, and to the expansion of beech forests at the cost of mixed ones.
Book chapters on the topic "Seedling stage"
1
Chen, Zilong, Dazhou Zhu, Xiangrong Ren, Hua Cong, Cheng Wang, and Chunjiang Zhao. "Analyzing Thermal Infrared Image Characteristics of Maize Seedling Stage." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VII. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54344-9_44.
Full text
2
Saif, Abdulwahid, Aref Al-Shamiri, and Abdulnour Shaher. "Development of new bread wheat resistant mutants for Ug99 rust disease (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0032.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract M<sub>3</sub> derived mutants from two bread wheat varieties, namely, 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', were screened for resistance to the rust Ug99 at two locations in Njoro (Kenya) and in Tihama (Yemen). At Tihama, two mutants of 'Giza 186' (G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52) and four mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12, S-M2-2010-21-13, S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were seen to be resistant at both seedling and adult stages while their parents were resistant at seedling stage and susceptible at adult stage. In Kenya, the resistance score of the mutants was slightly different from those obtained at Tihama. The mutants G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52 were stable in their level of resistance recorded at Tihama, but only two mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were resistant at both growth stages. S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-21-13 were resistant at the seedling stage while susceptible at adult stage. Further selection on these mutants for yield potential, agronomic performance and yellow rust disease resistance, as well as on selected mutants of both 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', at M5-M6 stages identified superior mutant lines compared with the two parents 'Saha 93' and 'Giza 186'. These included the line Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40, which ranked first in yield (3768 kg/ha), followed by the lines Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19, Erra-010-GM2w-1-28-18 and Erra-010-SwM2-22-14-6. Moreover, it can be concluded that Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40 and Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19 are highly recommended for their resistance to stem and yellow rust diseases as well as for yield potential and preference by farmers. Therefore, efforts are in progress to increase their seeds for dissemination over a wide range of farmers and wheat areas where rust diseases are an epidemic, and for registration of the lines as improved mutant varieties.
3
Bakshi, Suman, Johar Singh, and Sanjay J. Jambhulkar. "Isolation and characterization of yellow rust resistant mutants in wheat." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stripe rust, also known as yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a major threat to wheat production leading to yield losses up to 84%. Due to climate change, new races of the yellow rust pathogen are appearing for which no durable source of resistance has been observed in the present high-yielding varieties. A mutation breeding programme was initiated in two popular varieties, namely PBW343 and HD2967, using gamma-ray and electron beam irradiation. Gamma-ray doses of 250, 300 and 350 Gy and electron beam doses of 150, 200 and 250 Gy were used for seed irradiation. The M<sub>2</sub> population was screened in the field from seedling to adult plant stage by spraying a mixture of urediniospores of Pst pathotypes. Disease severity was recorded as the percentage of leaf area covered by the rust pathogen following a modified Cobb's scale. A total of 52 putative yellow rust resistant mutants in HD2967 and 63 in PBW343 were isolated. The number of mutants was higher in the electron beam irradiated population compared with gamma-rays. The absence of sporulation and spore production of the rust pathogen on the mutants indicated resistance. Mutant plants showing seedling resistance also showed resistance at adult plant stage. Seed yield and its contributing characters were better in the mutants compared with the parents. These rust resistant mutants could be novel sources of stripe rust or yellow rust resistance. The plant-to-row progenies of these mutants were confirmed and characterized in the M<sub>3</sub> generation.
4
Karipçin, M. Zeki, Fatih Çiğ, Laman Majidova, and Munavvar Safarova. "The Effect Lead Stress on the Early-Stage Development of Solanum melongena L. Seedling." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81564-5_44.
Full text
5
Salgado, Sonia M. L., and Willian C. Terra. "The root-knot nematode: importance and impact on coffee in Brazil." In Integrated nematode management: state-of-the-art and visions for the future. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0033.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Coffee (Coffea spp.) is a crop of significant importance for Brazilian agribusiness, which in 2019 generated a gross revenue of US$3.73 billion. As a perennial crop, coffee stays in the field for many years, subjected to nematode parasitism from the seedling stage throughout the economic life of the plantation. In Brazil, it is a challenge for growers to produce coffee in the presence of the root-knot nematodes (RKN). Meloidogyne paranaensis and M. incognita are the most destructive species and their spread has expanded in recent years. This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Meloidogyne paranaensis and M. incognita infesting coffee in Brazil.
6
Shiragudikar, Sharada K., Geeta Bharamagoudar, Manohara K. K., Malathi S. Y., and Shashikumar G.Totad. "Predicting Salinity Resistance of Rice at the Seedling Stage: An Evaluation of Transfer Learning Methods." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75605-4_19.
Full text
7
Krans, J. V., and J. B. Beard. "The Effects of Stage of Seedling Development on Selected Physiological and Morphology Parameters in Kentucky Bluegrass and Red Fescue." In Proceedings of The Third International Turfgrass Research Conference. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1974.proc3rdintlturfgrass.c11.
Full text
8
Das, Priyanka, Rajeev N. Bahuguna, Rohit Joshi, Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek, and Ashwani Pareek. "In search of mutants for gene discovery and functional genomics for multiple stress tolerance in rice." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0045.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mutation breeding is a commanding tool, which has been adapted to generate altered genetic material to study functional genomics, including understanding the molecular basis of stress tolerance. Hitherto, several rice lines have been generated through mutagenesis and the mutated genes responsible for the 'gain of function' in terms of plant architecture, stress tolerance, disease resistance and grain quality have been characterized. Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64 is a high-yielding rice cultivar but sensitive to abiotic stresses such as acute temperatures, salinity and drought. In this study, a population of rice IR64 mutants was generated using gamma irradiation. The population was then subjected to a preliminary phenotypic screening under abiotic stresses such as heat and salinity at the seedling stage. On the basis of root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll measurements, we identified eight 'gain-of-function' mutant lines and used them for further biochemical and molecular characterization. Phenotyping results demonstrated that the identified mutant plants have gained the potential to thrive under heat and salinity conditions. This information would be of wide scientific interest and helpful for developing novel cultivars able to maintain yield in saline, hot and dry areas.
9
Lantican, Gaudencia A. "Field Screening of Gamma-Irradiated Cavendish Bananas." In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn our search for Cavendish bananas to withstand Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc TR4) and other diseases, field screening of tissue-cultured Grand Nain banana seedlings derived from gamma-irradiated shoot tips was explored. Six months after irradiation and multiplication in the laboratory, the plantlets (M1V6) were individually grown in seedling bags under screen house conditions for 8 weeks, side-by-side with non-irradiated plantlets of the same clone. Once acclimatized, the banana plants were grown in an area confirmed positive of Foc TR4 (based on previous farm records stating that more than 50% of the plant population succumbed to the disease). Seedlings from each treatment (dose of radiation) were divided into four replicates, regardless of the number of plants. Each plant was given a unique identification code for traceability during disease monitoring, bunch and fruit quality evaluation.Incidences of Foc TR4, Moko disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and virus diseases were monitored weekly. Plants found positive of any disease were eradicated immediately. The plant population for the succeeding generation was managed by removing the unwanted suckers, 12 weeks from planting using a spade gouge and keeping only one sucker per plant for the next generation. Agronomic characters of each plant were taken at the flowering stage. These included age to flower, height, pseudostem circumference, number of leaves and height of the sucker. The bunch was harvested 12 weeks from flowering. The number of hands in a bunch, the number of fingers and weight of a hand were recorded. The same agronomic characters of the plant were taken for the succeeding generations.Plants left standing in the field without any disease symptoms 3 years after planting were considered as putative mutants and were selected as candidate lines for multiplication and second-generation field screening. Only healthy suckers (free from viruses) were further multiplied via tissue culture technique to reach M1V6. Clean suckers from each line free of soil debris or dirt were sent to the laboratory for multiplication. At least 1000 plantlets were produced from each line for the second-generation field screening. These were grown in two locations – with and without records of Foc TR4. Field monitoring activities including plant population management, disease incidence assessment and fruit quality evaluation were carried out following the same protocols used in the establishment of the first-generation plants. Lines with population showing ≤10% Foc TR4 after the first harvest, with good vigor, fruit quality and productivity were considered as candidates for further multiplication, farmers distribution and field planting under semi-commercial scale.
10
Gomez-Pando, Luz, Jesus Bernardo-Rojas, Denisse Deza-Montoya, Martha Ibañez-Tremolada, and Enrique Aguilar-Castellanos. "Mutation induction to improve quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis)." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Quinoa is an important crop due to its nutritional characteristics (better than cereals) and its tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, various factors such as high susceptibility to diseases, especially downy mildew caused by Peronospora variabilis, limit its agricultural performance. Genetic improvement of quinoa could reduce the need to use fungicides for this crop and maintain the organic quality of Peruvian production in small-scale farms. Seeds of var. 'Amarilla Marangani', irradiated with 150 and 250 Gy of gamma-rays (<sup>60</sup>Co), were evaluated in two experimental locations in Peru: coastland at La Molina and highland at Huancayo. Resistance to downy mildew and other agricultural traits in the M<sub>3</sub> and M<sub>4</sub> generations was studied. In both locations, downy mildew was observed in susceptible plants under natural infection, from the seedling stage to plant maturity. At the coastland site, six mutants with 30% leaf infection were obtained in the progeny of plants exposed to 150 Gy. Five additional mutants with 40% leaf infection were found in the progeny of plants exposed to 250 Gy. In the highland trial, only seven lines were identified with 30% severity (foliar area with symptoms) among the plants from the 150 Gy experiment. The parent materials showed 70-80% disease severity. Mutant lines with quantitative resistance and tolerance to downy mildew, high yield potential, reduced duration, shorter plant height, altered inflorescence shape and grain colour mutations were selected from both doses. This study showed that quantitative resistance and tolerance to downy mildew could be obtained in quinoa and this resulted in increased grain yields.
Conference papers on the topic "Seedling stage"
1
Kongtragoul, Pornprapa, and Sansanee Pantakan. "ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT SOME FUNGAL PATHOGENS INFECTION ON DURIAN SEEDLINGS." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s24.17.
Full textAbstract:
Durian disease-causing organisms such as fungi can infect durian trees at any stage of development. Chemical fungicides are widely used because they are convenient and simple to use. However, it impacts the health of producers, consumers, and the environment. As a result, recommendations have been developed and established for researching zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-ONPs) that can inhibit fungal growth as an alternative for preventing and eliminating such fungi. The purpose of this study is to collect and isolate some fungi that cause durian diseases and their pathogenicity test, as well as to investigate the efficacy of Zn-ONPs ranging in size from 25 to 50 nm in inhibiting germination and fungal infection on durian seedlings. Three isolates of Phytophthora sp. (CL4_F1, CL4_S5, CL4_F10), two isolates of Fusarium sp. (CL6_FL1, CL6_FL2), two isolates of Phomopsis sp. (CH1_PF1, CH1_PF2), and two isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. (CL1_RL1, CL1_RL2) were successfully isolated as durian pathogenic fungi. All isolates were pathogenic on durian seedlings, with a 100% disease incidence. As a result, it was found that increasing the concentration of ZnO-NPs could further inhibit growth in the germination and infection of durian seedlings. All tested isolates had delayed germination by ZnO-NPs at all concentrations. Furthermore, as the severity of the disease decreased, ZnO-NPs could inhibit infection in durian seedlings at higher concentrations.
2
Dumacheva, Elena, Sergey Kostenko, Vladimir Chernyavskih, Yuliya PEChEGINA, and Artem Grebennikov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RATE OF CO2 ASSIMILATION IN ANNUAL TRIFOLIUM SPECIES AT THE JUVENILE STAGE OF ONTOGENESIS." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2023-32-80-14-21.
Full textAbstract:
The parameters of photosynthesis, dark respiration and intercellular CO2 concentration were studied in three species of annual clovers: Trifolium resupinatum, T. alexandrinum, T. incarnatum. Significant differences in the parameters of the rate of carbon dioxide assimilation between the studied species were established in the experiment. The maximum value of dark respiration and CO2 assimilation rate was observed in the seedling leaves of T. alexandrinum seedlings. The equations of light curves of CO2 assimilation and intercellular CO2 concentration were calculated. High approximation coefficients were found: from 0.945 to 0.989 for photosynthesis light curves; from 0.683 to 0.983 for intercellular CO2 concentrations.
3
Huang, Lin-kai, Xin-quan Zhang, Wen-gang Xie, Wan-ping Zhou, and Liang Chen. "Evaluation of drought resistance for Hemarthria compressa at seedling stage." In International Conference on Photonics and Image in Agricultural Engineering (PIAGENG 2010), edited by Honghua Tan. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.886382.
Full text
4
Wu, Jun-jiang, Peng-fei Xu, Li-jun Liu, et al. "Mapping QTLs for Phosphorus-deficiency Tolerance in Soybean at Seedling Stage." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.269.
Full text
5
Xua, Yue, Zenghui Wangb, and Dongyan Wangc. "Background segmentation of corn seedling stage base on the greenness method." In Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emeit.2011.6023492.
Full text
6
Tyutyunnikova, E. M., M. A. Sanin, and T. V. Plotnikova. "THE EFFECT OF BIOREGULATOR REGOPLANT ON TOBACCO PRODUCTIVITY DURING THE SEEDING AND FIELD PERIODS." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-249-254.
Full textAbstract:
We studied the effect of the growth regulator Regoplant on the mass of seedlings, the quality of seedlings and the productivity of tobacco. Soaking tobacco seeds before sowing in a 0.0001 % solution of the preparation at an exposure of 6 hours, and then spraying the plants at the stage of “auricles” and “seedling ready for planting” with a working solution of an agrochemical with a 0.00001 % concentration significantly improved the quality of seedlings. This technique increases the length of tobacco seedlings to the apical point by 66 %, to the end of elongated leaves by 29 %, the mass of stems by 53 %, the mass of roots by 32 %, the diameter of the stem by 38 %. After planting the plants in the field, developed under the influence of the Regoplant stimulator, we noted an increase in productivity by 16 % and an improvement in the quality of raw materials due to an increase in carbohydrates and a decrease in proteins. The economic effect against the background of the application of Regoplant preparation amounted to 106 thousand rubles.
7
Marii, Liliana, Larisa Andronic, Marionela Sahanovschih, and Angela Ionascu-Urechii. "The effects of high temperature at different ontogenetic stages on some phenotypic indices in tomato plants." In Conferința științifică națională cu participare internațională "Integrare prin cercetare și inovare", dedicată Zilei Internaționale a Științei pentru Pace și Dezvoltare. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/spd2024n.17.
Full textAbstract:
The study aims to investigate the tomato plants response to heat stress applied at the germination and seedling stages, evaluating certain phenotypic parameters in order to highlight possible particularities associated with adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions. The research included three tomato genotypes with determined stress reactions that were designed into four variants: optimal-optimal, optimal-stress, stress-optimal, and stress-stress. The application of high temperatures at the germination stage significantly affects the subsequent development of tomato plants, resulting in a decrease in the average values of morphological traits compared to optimal conditions variants. The effects of heat stress vary depending on the genotype and the analyzed trait, with certain variants exhibiting specific vulnerabilities. Variance analysis shows that the temperature conditions and the stress application scheme significantly contribute to the variability of morphological traits, with stress at the germination stage having a dominant impact on architectural traits of plants, while genotype becomes the major influencing factor at the seedling stage. The results emphasize the importance of plant adaptability to thermal stress at different developmental stages.
8
Jovovic, Mirjana, Verica Prodanovic, Aleksandra Govedarica-Lucic, and Zoranka Malesevic. "EFFECT OF APPLAYING OF HUMIC ACID ON SEEDLING GROWTH OF TOMATO." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.039j.
Full textAbstract:
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of humic acid on the growth seedling of two tomato cultivars CeylandoF1 and RallyF1, under greenhouse conditions. Treatment with „Humistar“ was started in the two-leaf stage of the plant. One level of humic acid of 20 ml l-1 was applied to the seedling growing media and each seedling of the species was treated every ten days until transplanting directly into the soil in greenhouse.The higest growth rate: leaf (weight), stem (diameter and weight) and root (weight and lenght) growth were optained in cultivar RallyF1 as compared to the control and leaf, stem and root weight compared to Ceylando F1 cultivar.General, the results showed that humic acid influenced better root development in both examined tomato cultivars.
9
Ramtekey, Vinita, Ruchi Bansal, Harsh Kumar Dikshit, Gyan Prakash Mishra, and Sanjay Kumar. "Phenotypic Characterization of Lentil Genotypes for P Uptake and Utilization Efficiency at Seedling Stage." In IECPS 2021. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2021-11942.
Full text
10
Nuroniah, H. S., Darwo, Yulianti, et al. "Genetic variation of Eucalyptus urophylla at seedling stage from provenances of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL, MINING, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2022. AIP, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0184655.
Full textReports on the topic "Seedling stage"
1
Sela, Hanan, Eduard Akhunov, and Brian J. Steffenson. Population genomics, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598170.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The primary goals of this project were: (1) development of a genetically characterized association panel of wild emmer for high resolution analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits; (2) characterization and mapping of genes and QTL for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wild emmer populations; (3) characterization of LD patterns along wild emmer chromosomes; (4) elucidation of the multi-locus genetic structure of wild emmer populations and its correlation with geo-climatic variables at the collection sites. Introduction In recent years, Stripe (yellow) rust (Yr) caused by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici(PST) has become a major threat to wheat crops in many parts of the world. New races have overcome most of the known resistances. It is essential, therefore, that the search for new genes will continue, followed by their mapping by molecular markers and introgression into the elite varieties by marker-assisted selection (MAS). The reservoir of genes for disease and pest resistance in wild emmer wheat (Triticumdicoccoides) is an important resource that must be made available to wheat breeders. The majority of resistance genes that were introgressed so far in cultivated wheat are resistance (R) genes. These genes, though confering near-immunity from the seedling stage, are often overcome by the pathogen in a short period after being deployed over vast production areas. On the other hand, adult-plant resistance (APR) is usually more durable since it is, in many cases, polygenic and confers partial resistance that may put less selective pressure on the pathogen. In this project, we have screened a collection of 480 wild emmer accessions originating from Israel for APR and seedling resistance to PST. Seedling resistance was tested against one Israeli and 3 North American PST isolates. APR was tested on accessions that did not have seedling resistance. The APR screen was conducted in two fields in Israel and in one field in the USA over 3 years for a total of 11 replicates. We have found about 20 accessions that have moderate stripe rust APR with infection type (IT<5), and about 20 additional accessions that have novel seedling resistance (IT<3). We have genotyped the collection using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and the 90K SNP chip array. GBS yielded a total 341K SNP that were filtered to 150K informative SNP. The 90K assay resulted in 11K informative SNP. We have conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and found one significant locus on 6BL ( -log p >5). Two novel loci were found for seedling resistance. Further investigation of the 6BL locus and the effect of Yr36 showed that the 6BL locus and the Yr36 have additive effect and that the presence of favorable alleles of both loci results in reduction of 2 grades in the IT score. To identify alleles conferring adaption to extreme climatic conditions, we have associated the patterns of genomic variation in wild emmer with historic climate data from the accessions’ collection sites. The analysis of population stratification revealed four genetically distinct groups of wild emmer accessions coinciding with their geographic distribution. Partitioning of genomic variance showed that geographic location and climate together explain 43% of SNPs among emmer accessions with 19% of SNPs affected by climatic factors. The top three bioclimatic factors driving SNP distribution were temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, and isothermality. Association mapping approaches revealed 57 SNPs associated with these bio-climatic variables. Out of 21 unique genomic regions controlling heading date variation, 10 (~50%) overlapped with SNPs showing significant association with at least one of the three bioclimatic variables. This result suggests that a substantial part of the genomic variation associated with local adaptation in wild emmer is driven by selection acting on loci regulating flowering. Conclusions: Wild emmer can serve as a good source for novel APR and seedling R genes for stripe rust resistance. APR for stripe rust is a complex trait conferred by several loci that may have an additive effect. GWAS is feasible in the wild emmer population, however, its detection power is limited. A panel of wild emmer tagged with more than 150K SNP is available for further GWAS of important traits. The insights gained by the bioclimatic-gentic associations should be taken into consideration when planning conservation strategies.
2
Chamovitz, Daniel, and Albrecht Von Arnim. Translational regulation and light signal transduction in plants: the link between eIF3 and the COP9 signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696515.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an eight-subunit protein complex that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Genetic analysis of the signalosome in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana has shown that the signalosome is a repressor of light dependent seedling development as mutant Arabidopsis seedlings that lack this complex develop in complete darkness as if exposed to light. These mutant plants die following the seedling stage, even when exposed to light, indicating that the COP9 signalosome also has a central role in the regulation of normal photomorphogenic development. The biochemical mode of action of the signalosome and its position in eukaryotic cell signaling pathways is a matter of controversy and ongoing investigation, and recent results place the CSN at the juncture of kinase signaling pathways and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We have shown that one of the many CSN functions may relate to the regulation of translation through the interaction of the CSN with its related complex, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF3). While we have established a physical connection between eIF3 subunits and CSN subunits, the physiological and developmental significance of this interaction is still unknown. In an effort to understand the biochemical activity of the signalosome, and its role in regulating translation, we originally proposed to dissect the contribution of "h" subunit of eIF3 (eIF3h) along the following specific aims: (i) Isolation and phenotypic characterization of an Arabidopsis loss-of-function allele for eIF3h from insertional mutagenesis libraries; (ii) Creation of designed gain and loss of function alleles for eIF3h on the basis of its nucleocytoplasmic distribution and its yeast-two-hybrid interactions with other eIF3 and signalosome partner proteins; (iii) Determining the contribution of eIF3h and its interaction with the signalosome by expressing specific mutants of eIF3h in the eIF3h- loss-of function background. During the course of the research, these goals were modified to include examining the genetic interaction between csn and eif3h mutations. More importantly, we extended our effort toward the genetic analysis of mutations in the eIF3e subunit, which also interacts with the CSN. Through the course of this research program we have made several critical scientific discoveries, all concerned with the apparent diametrically opposed roles of eIF3h and eIF3e. We showed that: 1) While eIF3e is essential for growth and development, eIF3h is not essential for growth or basal translation; 2) While eIF3e has a negative role in translational regulation, eIF3h is positively required for efficient translation of transcripts with complex 5' UTR sequences; 3) Over-accumulation of eIF3e and loss-of-function of eIF3h both lead to cop phenotypes in dark-grown seedlings. These results were published in one publication (Kim et al., Plant Cell 2004) and in a second manuscript currently in revision for Embo J. Are results have led to a paradigm shift in translation research – eIF3 is now viewed in all systems as a dynamic entity that contains regulatory subuits that affect translational efficiency. In the long-term agronomic outlook, the proposed research has implications that may be far reaching. Many important plant processes, including developmental and physiological responses to light, abiotic stress, photosynthate, and hormones operate in part by modulating protein translation [23, 24, 40, 75]. Translational regulation is slowly coming of age as a mechanism for regulating foreign gene expression in plants, beginning with translational enhancers [84, 85] and more recently, coordinating the expression of multiple transgenes using internal ribosome entry sites. Our contribution to understanding the molecular mode of action of a protein complex as fundamental as eIF3 is likely to lead to advances that will be applicable in the foreseeable future.
3
Newton, Ronald, Joseph Riov, and John Cairney. Isolation and Functional Analysis of Drought-Induced Genes in Pinus. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568752.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Drought is a common factor limiting timber production in the U.S. and Israel. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and alleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedling survival is reduced when out planted, and growth and reproduction are often hindered by periodic droughts during later stages of tree development. Molecular and gene responses to drought stress have not been characterized. The objectives were to characterize drought-induced gene clones from these pines, to determine the effects of a growth regulator on drought tolerance, ABA levels, and drought-induced gene expression in alleppo pine, and to develop procedures for loblolly pine transformation. Nearly 20 cDNA clones influenced by gradual, prolonged drought stress have been isolated. Many of these have been shown to be induced by drought stress, whereas several others are down-regulated. These are the first drought-induced genes isolated from a pine species. Two genomic clones (lp5-1 and lp3-1) have been sequenced and characterized, and each has been found to be associated with a gene family. Clone lp5 appears to code for a cell wall protein, and clone lp3 codes for a nuclear protein. The former may be associated with changing the elastic properties of the cell wall, while the latter may be involved in signal transduction and/or protection from desiccation in the nucleus. Clone lp3 is similar to a drought-induced gene from tomato and is regulated by ABA. Several DNA sequences that are specific to induction during growth-retardation in alleppo pine by uniconazole have been identified. The active DNA species is now being identified. Promoters from genomic clones, lp3 and lp5, have been sequenced. Both are functional when fused with the gus reporter gene and transferred to other plant tissues as well as responding to a simulated drought stress. Through exodeletion analysis, it has been established that the promoter ABRE element of lp3 responds to ABA and that drought-induction of lp3 expression may also involve ABA. Stable tobacco transformants carrying either the lp5 or the lp3 promoter fused to a reporter gus gene have been obtained. The lp5lgus fusion was expressed at several stages of tobacco development and differentiation including the reproductive stage. There was no difference in phenotype between the transformants and the wild type. Embryogenesis procedures were developed for slash pine, but attempts to couple this process with gene transfer and plantlet transformation were not successful. Transformation of pine using Agrobacterium appears tractable, but molecular data supporting stable integration of the Agrobacterium-transferred gene are still inconclusive.
4
Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network high elevation white pine monitoring: 2021 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302327.
Full textAbstract:
Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2021 field season, which was the eighth year of monitoring in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The 2021 goal was to complete the third full re-measure of the second of three rotating panels (Panel 2) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. The first full measure of all Panel 2 plots was completed over two years in 2013-2014, then a full remeasure of both parks? whitebark pine Panel 2 was conducted in 2016, with 10 of 12 SEKI-foxtail plots sampled that year. A third remeasure of all Panel 2 plots was not possible in 2021 because a smaller crew size was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the crew visited 37 sites, and sampled 31, during the 2021 field season. One plot in the YOSE whitebark pine frame was uninstalled before reading and one plot in the SEKI whitebark pine frame was uninstalled after reading, both for safety concerns. Four plots were not visited due to lack of capacity with the reduced crew size: one in each of the YOSE and SEKI whitebark frames, and three in the SEKI foxtail frame. A plot from Panel 3 in each of the parks? whitebark frames was measured, for a total of 11 plots measured in each whitebark pine frame. Nine plots were measured in the SEKI foxtail pine frame. Within the 31 plots completed, a total of 5,728 trees was measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction, including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, female cone production and regeneration were recorded. During the 2021 field season, crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, 11 whitebark pine plots were re-measured, from Panels 2 and 3. A total of 2,810 trees were sampled, which included 586 live whitebark pine trees and 2,097 other live conifers. An additional 127 trees (including 17 whitebark pine) were recorded as dead. The forest crew noted little sign of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in Yosemite in 2021, and just a single inactive canker was observed on one whitebark pine in Panel 3, Plot 42, near Dana Meadows. This infection was new to plot 42, and it expands the total number of plots where white pine blister rust has been documented in Yosemite to six. The crew also noted little mountain pine beetle activity, documenting beetle galleries on 15 lodgepole pines in three Panel 2 plots. Dwarf mistletoe was not observed. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 53 (SD = 56). This was a low cone crop year for whitebark pine, with two percent of live whitebark pine trees producing female cones. Cone bearing trees averaged 2 (SD = 1) cones per tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 90 (SD = 157) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was four, and three of the eleven plots contained whitebark seedlings. In SEKI, 10 of 12 Panel 2, and one Panel 3, whitebark pine plots were re-measured. Within these plots, 1,246 live whitebark pine, 30 live foxtail pine, and 861 other live conifers were sampled. WPBR was infrequently documented in the SEKI whitebark frame as well, with indicators of infection in Plot 31 near Window Creek and Plot 44 near Upper State Lake. These were the first infections documented in these plots, bringing the number of plots where WPBR has been documented in the SEKI whitebark panel to nine. Although WPBR was documented in Plot 27 near Charlotte Dome in 2016, it was not documented this year because putative cankers showing three signs of infection in 2016 showed only two or fewer signs in 2021. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in one live lodgepole pine and two recently dead whitebark pine, within three plots in the SEKI whitebark sample frame. An exception to the low levels of mountain pine beetle activity was outside Plot 31 in the Window Creek area, where the forest crew noted many recently dead whitebark pine with signs of beetle activity. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 113 (SD = 86). Less than one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones, each producing on average 2 (SD = 1) cones. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 303 (SD = 319) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was eight, and eight of the 11 plots contained whitebark seedlings. Nine of the 12 SEKI foxtail Panel 3 plots were remeasured. Within these plots, 413 live foxtail pine, 67 live whitebark pine, and 402 other live conifers were sampled. Ninety-two dead or recently dead trees were also documented, 65 of which were foxtail pine. No signs of blister rust infection, mistletoe, or mountain pine beetle were observed in the foxtail plots sampled. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 46 (SD = 33). Fifty-four percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones, averaging 14 (SD =15) cones/tree. Only one foxtail pine seedling was recorded within the 9 foxtail pine plots, resulting in an estimated 14 (SD = 41) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings were also found within two plots.
5
Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.
Full textAbstract:
Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer browsing impact. This report documents the methodology used to quantify the vegetative composition of natural areas at FRST and provides a summary of the data collected in the first year of monitoring. This first year’s activities (2021) included the initial baseline vegetation assessment and summary of results from the baseline data analysis. A variety of metrics used to assess the impact of deer browsing on the vegetation were calculated and are presented. A second survey is proposed for 2024. PNHP used the NPS ERMN database and analysis methods (Perles et al. 2014b) to summarize the condition in year 1 (2021). In year 4 (2024), PNHP will investigate changes in the condition of browse-sensitive understory plants and tree seedlings. Plots occurred in a variety of settings, ranging from younger successional communities to more mature forest stands. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the plots occurred in Mature or Late Successional forests. Disturbances and stressors, such as deer browsing can strongly influence future forest structure as open woodlands mature. A large population of white-tailed deer may severely impact succession from the open woodlands towards closed canopy forest. In closed canopy, later successional forests, a large deer population may inhibit canopy tree recruitment leading to regeneration failure. Given that FRST managers desire to maintain the landscape as forest, it is important to maintain an adequate number of seedlings and saplings of tree species to ensure the persistence of canopy of native tree species as Mature and Late Successional Forests continue to age. The 20 permanent sampling plots occurred within 5 plant communities described by Ebert (2016) and were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HAC analysis) and indicator species analysis. The most common plant communities within the group of sampling plots were the Mixed oak – beech forest and Mesic mixed tulip – oak-hickory-beech forest. The remaining plots were found in successional Tuliptree woodland, Successional woodland, and Thicket types. All plots were assigned to these types described in Ebert (2016) and crosswalked to the National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). A total of 128 plant species were recorded from the 20 plots at FRST. Eighteen (18) species were found in over ½ of the plots surveyed, of which eight (8) were non-native. In all, 29 plants occurring in the plots (23% of total species richness) were considered introduced (non-native). Non-native plant cover ranged from 0–98% as measured in the monitoring plot quadrats. Indicators of deer browsing varied by plant community type at FRST. In general, the drier Mixed oak – beech forests showed substantially greater impact of deer browsing and fewer seedlings of canopy species in the understory. FRST monitoring protocols focus on a few plant species considered as preferred food for white-tailed deer. Sustained browsing may be affecting long-term viability of these species within the parks. Based on the status of these regeneration metrics in FRST, we suggest that the forest in FRST are in imminent regeneration failure. We define imminent failure as parks that are experiencing severe regeneration failure and are at risk of forest loss due to very low seedling and sapling abundance, as well as species mismatches between canopy and regeneration layers. Given the poor regeneration of canopy species across all community types at FRST, managers should seek opportunities to conduct adaptive management in the park’s forests, especially mixed oak – beech forest, to experiment with and monitor the effects of fire, browse exclosures, and canopy thinning to encourage native canopy tree regeneration.
6
Livensperger, Carolyn, Rebecca Weissinger, Luke Gommermann, and Alice Wondrak Biel. Riparian monitoring of wadeable streams on the Fremont River, Capitol Reef National Park, 2009?2021. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301391.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) riparian monitoring is to deter-mine long-term trends in hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative properties of wadeable streams in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. This information is intended to provide early warning of resource degradation and determine natural variability of wadeable streams. This report summarizes NCPN monitoring of the Fremont River in Capitol Reef National Park (NP) from water years 2009 to 2021. The focus of this report is to (1) examine patterns in water availability at one monitoring reach from 2010 to 2021, and (2) present geomorphology and vegetation data from four reaches monitored from 2009 to 2021. Vegetation sampling and geomorphology surveys were completed at varying intervals throughout the time period; this report looks at changes within single reaches and establishes a baseline for future comparisons. There are four monitoring reaches established on the Fremont River: (1) F-01, approximately 2.5 kilometers upstream of a knickpoint (sharp change in channel slope) and associated waterfall that emerged following construction of State Highway 24 in 1964, (2) F-07, in a large oxbow that was cut off due to the highway construction, (3) F-04, approximately 1.5 kilometers downstream of the knickpoint, and (4) F-14, approximately 4.8 kilometers downstream of the knickpoint. Geomorphic and vegetation surveys took place at all reaches. Hydrologic monitoring occurred only at F-01. From 2001 to 2021, the entire range of flows recorded at a gaging station on the Fremont River upstream of the park near Bicknell, Utah, decreased, with the steepest decreases occurring in the highest flow percentiles. Continuous hydrologic monitoring at reach F-01 in the park from 2010 to 2021 showed perennial flows in the Fremont River, with lower flows during the irrigation season (April 1?October 31). The irrigation season was also characterized by greater evapotranspiration, which may be exacerbated in the future due to higher air temperatures. Lower observed inputs and greater evapotranspiration suggest the Fremont River is at risk for progressively lower flows over time. While overbank flows occurred infrequently in the monitoring reach, inhibiting cottonwood recruitment, groundwater levels remained shallow enough to support mature cottonwood trees. Protecting spring snowmelt flows of 94 cfs (the average annual maximum 14-day rolling mean at reach F-01), or greater should maintain the current wetland vegetated zone. Maintaining the hydrologic record was challenging due to high-magnitude flood events and turbid flows; the park should consider a gaging station for an accurate discharge record. Geomorphic surveys showed net sediment deposition at reaches F-01 and F-14 in the channels, banks, and floodplains from 2009 to 2021, with more deposition occurring earlier in the study period. A large flood event in 2013 resulted in high flows and deposition of close to one meter at F-01. Only localized erosion occurred, and thalweg surveys showed that stream channels were either stable or increasing in elevation. Reach F-07, the abandoned oxbow, exhibited little geomorphic change over the study period. Riparian vegetation was characteristic of a Fremont cottonwood woodland, with canopy closure up to 30% and a mixed understory of shrubs and herbaceous species. Obligate wetland vegetation cover of 5%?10% was present at reaches F-01, F-04, and F-14. Reach F-07, in the oxbow, has transitioned to an upland system, with little to no canopy cover and no obligate wetland species. While mature cottonwoods were present in reaches F-01, F-04, and F-14, there was limited evidence of seedlings or saplings graduating into larger size classes. Cottonwood seedlings are primarily resprouts from beaver-browsed trees, although one seedling recruitment event was observed in 2014, following high flows in late 2013. Protecting some cottonwoods with chicken wire may help protect the larger size classes and maintain a mixed-age woodland. Exotic plant species cover was less than 10% in reaches F-01, F-04, and F-14. Efforts to control Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia) along the Fremont River appear to have been successful in these reaches. In reach F-07, exotic plant cover ranged from 9% to 25%, with notable spikes in Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in 2010 and 2011, respectively.
7
Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, and Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.
8
Boyle, Maxwell. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Canaveral National Seashore: 2022 data summary. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303291.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks? natural vegetation. 2022 marked the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Canaveral National Seashore (CANA). Fourteen vegetation plots were established throughout the park in April. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Canaveral National Seashore in 2022. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 176 vascular plant taxa were observed across 14 vegetation plots, including seven species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), dune greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), Elliott?s milkpea (Galactia elliottii), myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), Chapman oak (Quercus chapmanii), and southern evergreen blueberry (Vaccinium myrsinites). Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia), saw palmetto, cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto), dune greenbrier, and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). Four non-native species categorized as invasive by the Florida Invasive Species Council (FISC 2019) were encountered within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. These included Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), common lantana (Lantana strigocamara), and caesarweed (Urena lobata). There were no invasive species observed in Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland plots. Two species listed as Endangered by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were encountered on the park during this monitoring effort and included hand fern (Cheiroglossa palmata) and Atlantic Coast Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var. floridana). Hand fern was observed in 30%of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots, while lantana was observed in one (10%) of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. An additional five vascular species categorized as Commercially Exploited by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were also observed in these vegetation plots. Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) or South Florida slash pine (Pinus densa) and sand live oak (Quercus geminata) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands within the park; cabbage palmetto and live oak were the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands, although 11 other species large enough to be measured as trees (i.e., more than 1.37 meters (4.5 ft) in height and greater than or equal to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) in diameter at breast height (DBH) were also present within these plots. Based on these baseline findings, the most immediate threat to vegetation resources within Upland Open Woodlands of Canaveral National Seashore is related to exclusion of fire and an altered natural fire regime. These factors have likely led to a reduction of canopy species (pines) across all woody stem strata?tree, sapling, seedling?and an increase in abundance of woody shrub species (e.g., saw palmetto). These characteristics (low canopy species density and high woody shrub abundance) were observed in monitoring plots of this habitat type. The most immediate threat to Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat within the park is from potential expansion of non-native, invasive plant species, like Brazilian peppertree and cogongrass. All plots are scheduled to be resampled during the summer of 2026.
9
Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.
10
Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...