Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling stage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling stage"
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Lorca, E. Agostina, Ana E. Ferreras, and Guillermo Funes. "Seed size and seedling ontogenetic stage as modulators of damage tolerance after simulated herbivory in a woody exotic species." Australian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18093.
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Herbivory is one of the most important threats that plants face during early stages of development. Previous studies have indicated that seed size and seedling ontogeny strongly influence the response to herbivory at the seedling stage. However, little is known about their interactive effect. We simulated herbivory on seedlings of the exotic Gleditsia triacanthos L. and evaluated the combined effects of seed size and ontogenetic stage at which herbivory occurred on tolerance to herbivory. A greenhouse experiment was performed, with three non-overlapping levels of seed size. Seedlings from each seed size were clipped at two ontogenetic stages (two and five leaves). After three weeks, seedling survival, height, leaf number and dry biomass were measured. Damaged seedlings were not able to reach the size of the undamaged ones. Seedlings from small seeds showed the lowest values in most of the growth variables. Seedlings cut at two-leaf stage showed a higher compensation capacity than those cut at five-leaf stage. Seedlings from large seeds cut at ontogenetic stage I showed the highest compensation capacity in most of the variables. Partly compensating herbivory at this stage may be an advantage for the expansion of this exotic species to new areas.
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Pannwitt, Heike, Paula R. Westerman, Friederike De Mol, and Bärbel Gerowitt. "Demographic Processes Allow Echinochloa crus-galli to Compensate Seed Losses by Seed Predation." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030565.
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The effect of weed management that targets the seed stage on subsequent life stages is largely unknown. Post-dispersal seed predation reduces the number of seeds from the soil surface before the seeds contribute to the seedbank. Density-dependent processes can mitigate the effect of seed predation in subsequent life stages. In this study, we tested if (i) targeting the seed stage affects the subsequent seedling stage; (ii) if density-dependent mortality in subsequent life stages partly compensates seedling abundance; and (iii) if the magnitude of final seed production depends on seed predation. We fully parameterized a model for the summer-annual weed Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Field data from three maize fields in north-eastern Germany were obtained, in the presence or absence of seed predation and different population levels of the weed species. Seeds of E. crus-galli were applied in autumn and the number of seedlings, adult plants, and seed production per m2 was determined the following season. Seed predation reduced the number of seedlings. Density-dependent mortality during the seedling stage increased fecundity with decreasing seedling density, and, thus, compensated for lower numbers of seedlings. The final level of seed production per m2 did not depend on seed predation and initial population densities, but differed among fields. We conclude, solely targeting the seed stage can scarcely limit the population growth of E. crus-galli.
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Cong Dien, Doan, and Takeo Yamakawa. "Phenotypic Variation and Selection for Cold-Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Germination and Seedling Stages." Agriculture 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080162.
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Owing to its origin in tropical and subtropical areas, rice is susceptible to cold stress. Low temperatures at the germination and seedling stages can result in seed loss, a delayed transplanting period, and lower final yield. In this study, 181 rice varieties from around the world were investigated for cold tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. At the germination stage, the responses of different rice varieties were examined based on the germination index, coleoptile length, and radicle length at low (13 °C) and control temperatures (25 °C). Significant variations in the germination index, coleoptile length, and radicle length were observed among varieties. Low temperature significantly decreased germination ability, and coleoptile and radicle growth in the studied varieties. At the seedling stage, cold tolerance of the rice varieties was evaluated based on the leaf color score under natural low temperature. Similar to the germination stage, at the seedling stage, significant variation in root and shoot growth was observed in the response of rice varieties to low temperature conditions. Based on the results from both the germination and seedling stages, two varieties (Hei-Chiao-Chui-Li-Hsiang and Ta-Mao-Tao) were selected as the best cold-tolerant varieties. Our results also indicate the benefits of warming treatments to protect rice seedlings from low temperature conditions.
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Huang, Zhenying, and Yitzchak Gutterman. "Seedling desiccation tolerance of Leymus racemosus (Poaceae) (wild rye), a perennial sand-dune grass inhabiting the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China." Seed Science Research 14, no. 2 (May 2004): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2004172.
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Leymus Racemosus, The Mammoth Wild Rye, Is A Rhizomatous Perennial Grass, Mainly Distributed In The Moving Or Semi-Stabilized Sand Dunes In Deserts Of The Junggar Basin In Xinjiang, China. The Revival Ability Of The Young Seedling After Periods Of Desiccation Can Be Influenced By Several Factors: (1) The Stage Of Seedling Development – The Later The Stage At Dehydration, The Longer The Root Length And The Lower Is The Percentage Of Seedlings That Survive; (2) The Length Of The Period Of Desiccation – The Longer The Period That The Seedlings Are Under Desiccation, The Lower Is The Percentage Of Seedlings That Survive; (3) Endosperm Size – The Smaller The Proportion Of Endosperm That Remains In The Caryopses, The Lower Is The Percentage Of Seedlings That Revive, Determined By (A) The Stage Of Seedling Development, And (B) The Proportion Of The Endosperm That Is Removed By Cutting; And (4) Caryopsis Size – The Larger The Polymorphic Caryopses, The Higher Is The Percentage Of Young Seedlings That Revive From Periods Of Desiccation. The Physiological And Ecological Implications Of L. Racemosus Seedling Desiccation Tolerance Are That Under Extreme Desert And Unpredictable Environmental Conditions, The Chances Of Seedling Establishment Are Increased.
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Durr, C., and J. Boiffin. "Sugarbeet seedling growth from germination to first leaf stage." Journal of Agricultural Science 124, no. 3 (June 1995): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007338x.
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SUMMARYThe growth of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings was investigated under laboratory conditions in 1990 and 1991. Three phases were identified during heterotrophic growth in the dark, based on the changes in dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents. The perispermic reserves were first transferred to the young seedling. All the components of the seedling (cotyledons, hypocotyl, radicle) began to elongate and their dry weights increased. The seedling separated from the seed at the end of this first period, 4 days after imbibition had started at 20 °C. During the second period, there was a major redistribution of material between organs, mainly from cotyledons to the hypocotyl. The different organs elongated rapidly. From the start of the third period, 6 days after sowing at 20 °C, the organs began to lose weight and gradually ceased to elongate. The dry weights of the whole seedlings and of each organ were proportional to the initial seed weights. The elongations and changes in dry weights obtained at different temperatures coincided when time was expressed as thermal time using a base temperature of 3·5 °C. The growth of the seedling after illumination depended on the heterotrophic growth duration. If emergence occurred after 100 °Cd, the relative growth rate of the seedling decreased. In field conditions, plant variability at the end of sugarbeet establishment is due not only to variations in seed weights but also to environmental conditions that control emergence delay.
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Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Effects of Harvest-Aid Herbicides on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Seed Yield and Quality." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (December 1992): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036587.
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Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to study the effects of 220 g ai ha-1AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha-1glufosinate, 560 g ai ha-1glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha-1paraquat on sicklepod seed production and quality when applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 growth stages of sicklepod. No seed were produced on plants treated at R5 with paraquat and glufosinate; glyphosate was the least effective herbicide at this growth stage. Although sicklepod seed germinated after AC 263,222 application at R5, no seedling emergence occurred. Normal seedlings, seedling emergence, and seedling radicle length were reduced by all herbicides applied to parent plants at R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. AC 263,222 applied at R7 reduced normal seedlings and seedling emergence more than any other herbicide. No effects were observed on any of the variables investigated when herbicides were applied at R8.
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Putnik-Delic, Marina. "Resistance of some wheat genotypes to Puccinia triticina." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 115 (2008): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0815051p.
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Thirty-four wheat genotypes were tested for resistance characteristics to Puccinia triticina at different growth stages. At seedling stage in a greenhouse, latency period, infection frequency and reaction type were determined. In the field, time of spike appearance, and infection intensity were followed. Weak (r = 0.322) to strong (r = 0.660) correlation was found between resistance characteristics at seedling stage (LPxIFxRT, in the greenhouse) and in adult plants (infection intensity and AUDPC, in the field). The values of AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) were also strongly related to resistance characteristics of seedlings (r = 0.598). As pseudoresistant in the field (especially equal to adult plant resistance) according to other stresses reactions were considered genotypes which were the most sensitive at seedling stage (20?C) and at adult stage they did not express maximal infection intensity, particullar Evropa 90 and Suvaca. Adult plant resistance as the sum of specific and pseudoresistance was observed on genotypes Tiha, Zlatka and Eva.
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Cheng, C., L. M. Pei, T. T. Yin, and K. W. Zhang. "Seed treatment with glycine betaine enhances tolerance of cotton to chilling stress." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 3 (April 2018): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000278.
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AbstractChilling injury is an important natural stress that can threaten cotton production, especially at the sowing and seedling stages in early spring. It is therefore important for cotton production to improve chilling tolerance at these stages. The current work examines the potential for glycine betaine (GB) treatment of seeds to increase the chilling tolerance of cotton at the seedling stage. Germination under cold stress was increased significantly by GB treatment. Under low temperature, the leaves of seedlings from treated seeds exhibited a higher net photosynthetic rate (PN), higher antioxidant enzyme activity including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and less damage to the cell membrane. Enzyme activity was correlated negatively with H2O2 content and degree of damage to the cell membrane but correlated positively with GB content. The experimental results suggested that although GB was only used to treat cotton seed, the beneficial effect caused by the preliminary treatment of GB could play a significant role during germination that persisted to at least the four-leaf seedling stage. Therefore, it is crucial that this method is employed in agricultural production to improve chilling resistance in the seedling stage by soaking the seeds in GB.
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Bryant, Tim B., Seth J. Dorman, Dominic D. Reisig, DeShae Dillard, Roger Schürch, and Sally V. Taylor. "Reevaluating the Economic Injury Level for Brown Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) at Various Growth Stages of Maize." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 5 (August 25, 2020): 2250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa173.
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Abstract Economic yield loss and reduction in grain quality from brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), feeding injury in early and late stages of maize, Zea mays (Poales: Poaceae, Linnaeus), development was assessed in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019. Varying levels of stink bug infestations were introduced to seedling maize (V2—early stage), and a range of late-stages of maize, including 1) the last stage of vegetative development (V12/V14), 2) prior to tasseling, 3) at tasseling (VT), and 4) across all tested late growth stages. Euschistus servus infestation levels included 33, 67, and 100% of maize seedlings, and 25, 50, 100, and 200% of plants during later stages. Infestations were maintained on seedling maize for 7 d, and 8 or 16 d in reproductive stages. Infestation level in seedling maize had an impact on grain yield. Infestation level and growth stage both had an impact on grain yield in reproductive maize. The percentage of discolored kernels was also affected by infestation level, but not growth stage. Regression analysis between grain yield and infestation level indicated that the average economic injury level is 7% in seedling maize (7 bugs/100 plants) and 12% (12 bugs/100 plants) from the last vegetative stages (V12/V14) through pollination (VT). The economic injury level in the late vegetative stages is only applicable when infestations are present for an extended period of time (16 d), emphasizing the need for continued scouting of maize throughout the season to make informed management decisions.
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Bisognin, Dilson Antônio, Luis Velasquez, and Irvin Widders. "Cucumber seedling dependence on cotyledonary leaves for early growth." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 40, no. 6 (June 2005): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2005000600002.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the dependence of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings on cotyledonary leaves for early growth and establishment. Sets of two uniform emerging seedlings were used to quantify the initial growth and dry matter accumulation, as well as the intensity and stage of cotyledon damage in seedling establishment and to determine cotyledon protein, amino acid and carbohydrate contributions to the growing seedling. Cucumber seedling establishment was found to be highly dependent on cotyledonary leaves. Root system establishment was highly dependent on the health of the aerial part. One cotyledon was enough to maintain aerial growth of seedlings after unfolding the first true leaf. Cucumber seedlings depended on both cotyledons to keep root system growth at least until leaf area was equivalent to cotyledon area. Covering one or both cotyledons of seedlings with one unfolded leaf increased carbohydrate content of uncovered cotyledon and leaves compared with control seedlings. Cucumber seedlings are highly dependent on cotyledonary leaves and aerial parts are less dependent than root system. Cotyledon damage at early stages of plant establishment would adversely impact crop yield by reducing plant density, an important yield component, or slowing down seedling growth and establishment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling stage"
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Schatz, Jason D. "Early Life Stage Characteristics of Six Acadian Conifer Species: Germination and Seedling Development in a Changing Climate." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SchatzJD2007.pdf.
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Doust, Susan Jillian. "Seed and seedling ecology in the early stages of rainforest restoration /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18410.pdf.
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Moura, Cristiane Coelho de. "Propaga??o da Richeria grandis Vahl. (Phyllanthaceae)." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1597.
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Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES).
Anglo American
Com o intuito de gerar informa??es para produ??o de mudas direcionadas ? projetos de restaura??o de Matas de Galeria, objetivou-se neste estudo, descrever a morfologia e aspectos biom?tricos do fruto e da semente, as caracter?sticas morfofuncionais e desenvolvimento da pl?ntula, e obter a classifica??o fisiol?gica quanto a capacidade de armazenamento das sementes da Richeria grandis Vahl. Verificou-se tamb?m a influ?ncia de diferentes composi??es de substratos e n?veis de redu??o solar sob a emerg?ncia de pl?ntulas e crescimento de mudas via propaga??o sexuada e a viabilidade da t?cnica de miniestaquia na propaga??o assexuada da R. grandis, submetidas a diferentes concentra??es do regulador de crescimento ?cido indolbut?rico (AIB). A coleta de sementes ocorreu em 18 ?rvores-matrizes estabelecidas em Matas de Galeria inund?veis localizadas no Parque Estadual do Biribiri, Diamantina, MG e, todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em Viveiro Florestal e laborat?rio de Sementes pertencente ao Centro Integrado de Propaga??o de Esp?cies Florestais (CIPEF- UFVJM). A caracteriza??o morfol?gica e biom?trica de frutos e sementes se deu por observa??es a olho nu e mensura??es utilizando um paqu?metro universal. A fim de observar o comportamento fisiol?gico, sementes rec?m beneficiadas desta esp?cie foram armazenadas em sacos de papel ao ar livre, e foram submetidas a testes de germina??o e umidade (%) periodicamente. As caracter?sticas morfofuncionais foram observadas, a olho nu, mediante processo de desenvolvimento (desde a protrus?o radicular, emerg?ncia at? o surgimento do primeiro prot?filo) em laborat?rio e casa de vegeta??o. Utilizou-se tr?s composi??es de substratos e tr?s n?veis de sombreamento para testar o efeito destas combina??es sobre a qualidade de mudas jovens da R. grandis, para tal, foi mensurado ao longo de 210 dias, a altura, di?metro do coleto, n?mero de folhas, clorofila total e biomassas secas. Por fim, a base de estacas apicais provenientes de mudas jovens resgatadas em ambiente natural da R. grandis, foram emergidas em quatro concentra??es de AIB e avaliadas aos 90 dias, mensurando o incremento em altura e di?metro, sobreviv?ncia (%), enraizamento (%), calogenia (%) e brota??es (%). Ressalta-se que, para todos os experimentos, os princ?pios b?sicos da experimenta??o (repeti??o, casualiza??o e controle local) foram atendidos, utilizando diferentes delineamentos experimentais. Diferentes ferramentas para an?lise estat?stica tamb?m foram utilizadas para auxiliar na tomada de decis?o. O fruto da R. grandis ? simples, seco, do tipo c?psula, deiscente, com comprimento m?dio de 16,24 mm e largura m?dia de 8,57mm. A semente ? elipsoide com presen?a de sarcotesta, apresentando comprimento m?dio de 7,40mm e largura m?dia de 4,57 mm. A R. grandis apresenta sementes recalcitrantes, a emerg?ncia ? do tipo Fanero-ep?geo-foli?ceo, e o processo de desenvolvimento para a semente se tornar uma pl?ntula completa delonga por, no m?nimo, 50 dias. Os substratos compostos por diferentes propor??es de vermiculita, casca de arroz e Bioplant?, associado com os sombreamentos 30 e 50% foram respons?veis por promover mudas da R. grandis de melhor qualidade. A t?cnica de propaga??o vegetativa por miniestaquia ? vi?vel, uma vez que houve 100% de sobreviv?ncia e alta porcentagem de enraizamento at? para o tratamento sem adi??o do AIB.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and biometric aspects of the fruit and seed, the morphofunctional characteristics and development of the seedling, and to obtain the classification the storage capacity of the seeds of Richeria grandis Vahl. It was also verified the influence of different compositions of substrates and levels of solar reduction under the emergence of seedlings and growth of seedlings via sexual propagation and the viability of the technique of minicache in the asexual propagation of R. grandis, submitted to different concentrations of the regulator of indolebutyric acid (IBA) growth. Seed collection occurred in 18 matrix trees established in flooded Forest Mills located in Biribiri State Park, Diamantina, MG, and all experiments were conducted in Forest Nursery and Seed Laboratory belonging to the Integrated Center for the Propagation of Forest Species ( CIPEF-UFVJM). The morphological and biometric characterization of fruits and seeds was by naked eye observations and measurements using a universal caliper. In order to observe the physiological behavior, freshly harvested seeds of this species were stored in paper bags in the open air and germinated and tested (%) periodically. The morphofunctional characteristics were observed in the laboratory and in the greenhouse by means of a developmental process (from root protrusion, emergence until the first protophyte). Three compositions of substrates and three levels of shading were used to test the effect of these combinations on the quality of R. grandis young seedlings. The height, collection diameter, number of leaves , total chlorophyll and dry biomass. Finally, the base of apical cuttings from young saplings rescued in the natural environment of R. grandis, were emerged in four concentrations of IBA and evaluated at 90 days, measuring the increase in height and diameter, survival (%), rooting (% ), calogenia (%) and sprouts (%). It should be noted that for all experiments, the basic principles of experimentation (repetition, randomization and local control) were met using different experimental designs. Different tools for statistical analysis were also used to aid in decision making. The fruit of R. grandis is simple, dry, capsule type, dehiscent, with an average length of 16.24 mm and an average width of 8.57 mm. The seed is ellipsoid with presence of sarcotesta, presenting an average length of 7.40 mm and an average width of 4.57 mm. R. grandis presents recalcitrant seeds, the emergence is of the Fanero-epigene-foliaceous type, and the development process for the seed becomes a complete seedling delonged for at least 50 days. The substrates composed of different proportions of vermiculite, rice husk and Bioplant ?, associated with shading 30 and 50% were responsible for promoting R. grandis seedlings of better quality. The technique of vegetative propagation by minicutting is feasible, since there was a 100% survival and a high percentage of rooting even for the treatment without addition of AIB.
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Bapela, Mahwahwatse Johanna. "Variation of active constituents in Euclea natalensis based on seedling stages, seasons, and fertilizers." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06262008-095522/.
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Bapela, Mahwahwatse Johanna. "Variation of active constituents in Euclea natalensis based on seedling stages, seasons, and fertilizers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25856.
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Euclea natalensis A.DC. belongs to the Ebenaceae family, and is extensively distributed along the eastern coast of southern Africa. Many Euclea species are widely gathered by indigenous people because of their medicinal properties. Roots of these plant species are frequently used to treat respiratory complications such as chest pains, bronchitis, pleurisy and asthma. Ground root powder is topically applied in cases of leprosy and is used by some ethnic groups to treat toothache and headache. The bioactivity encountered is attributable to naphthoquinones, which are common phenolic compounds in the Ebenaceae family. Naphthoquinones isolated from E. natalensis (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) have exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The demand for these products will escalate due the amount of plant material required to further research. We need to explore techniques that can maximize their productivity. The present study was conducted on E. natalensis, in an attempt to establish if there exists any correlation between the accumulation of naphthoquinones and stages of seedling growth, seasonal fluctuations and application of fertilizers. A possible correlation between seedling growth stages and the accumulation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone and diospyrin) was investigated in seeds and seedlings of Euclea natalensis. In this study, the seeds represented the first stage, whereas the second seedling stage was defined as the stage when the radicles were about 6 cm long. The lengths of the seedlings at the third, fourth and fifth seedling stages were 9 cm, 12 cm and 16 cm respectively. Plant materials collected from the five seedling stages were separately extracted using chloroform and the naphthoquinones were then quantified by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Mobile phase of MeCN: H2O: AcOH (62.5: 32.5: 5) was used as an eluent in an isocratic mode and at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Standard curves of each of the four compounds were obtained by making a series of dilutions in the concentration range of 22.5 µg/ml to 2.25 µg/ml. Ten microlitres of each dilution was injected three times into the HPLC, and the run time for each injection was 20 minutes. Calibration curves were then generated and used for the quantification of each compound. Shinanolone, which was the only naphthoquinone detectible in seeds, accumulated at variable rates (P<0.01) and no trend could be established between its synthesis and seedling growth. The content of shinanolone ranged from 87.5 mg/kg dry weight (dw) in seeds to a high mean value of 1047 mg/kg (dw) during the fourth seedling stage. A significant correlation (P<0.01) was found between the mean concentrations of 7-methyljuglone and seedling growth. 7-Methyljuglone was quantified at a high mean level of 5003 mg/kg during the third seedling stage and was not detected in the seed samples. A positive correlation (P<0.01) was established between the concentration of diospyrin and seedling stages. Diospyrin was detected at an elevated mean concentration of 6182 mg/kg during the fifth seedling stage, which was higher than the other quantified naphthoquinones. Seasonal variation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) was investigated from eleven plants of E. natalensis subsp. natalensis growing in natural populations, over a period of four seasons. The roots were harvested, dried, extracted and analysed as in the previous study. The mean levels of shinanolone and 7-methyljuglone were found to be uniform in all the seasons and no statistically significant variation could be found between seasonal changes and their mean concentrations. Accumulation of isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin varied significantly with seasonal changes (P<0.05). These two bioactive naphthoquinones were detected only in summer and autumn respectively, and not in winter. A statistically significant variation (P<0.05) was established between the levels of diospyrin and seasonal fluctuations. Diospyrin was detected at a mean concentration of 3190 mg/kg (dw) during spring, which was higher than the other naphthoquinones quantified in all four seasons. The effect of NPK fertilizers on growth performance and accumulation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) in seedlings of E. natalensis grown in shade and under field conditions was investigated. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, which were then subjected to four respective treatments of water-soluble foliar feed (2:1:2 (44) NPK) at three different concentrations. Treatments tested were as follows: Treatment 1 at 40 g/l, Treatment 2 and Treatment 3 at 20 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. The control group received only supplemental water. The first harvest was conducted after 6 months of application of fertilizers and the second one was done after 12 months of treatment. Roots and shoots were harvested and analysed separately. The naphthoquinones were quantified as previously described. The bioactivity of root extracts from seedlings was tested against Mycobacterium smegmatis and extracts with lower MIC were further tested on M. tuberculosis. Growth parameters differed between the two groups, with seedlings from the shadehouse showing more plant vigour than the field grown plants. No significant interaction could be established between the measured growth factors and treatment. A significant interaction (P<0.001) was found between Treatment 2 and shadehouse seedlings. Treatment 2 enhanced vegetative performance with the mean values of fresh weight of shoots and roots being twice as much as their respective control mean values. A significantly positive correlation was established between the concentration of shinanolone (P<0.01), isodiospyrin (P<0.05) and neodiospyrin (P<0.05) with fertilization from field-grown seedlings. Application of NPK fertilizers significantly (P<0.05) increased the accumulation of neodiospyrin in seedlings subjected to shadehouse conditions. The most potent naphthoquinone, 7-methyljuglone, was found to be abundant in all the extracts and was quantified at a high mean concentration of 10200 mg/kg from shadehouse seedlings. Root extracts of E. natalensis seedlings grown under field conditions were generally more active against the bacterial strain of M. smegmatis as compared to extracts acquired from roots of seedlings maintained under a shadehouse setting. A lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78mg/ml against M. smegmatis was observed from the second harvest of field-cultivated seedlings of the control and Treatment 1 subgroups. The MIC values for shadehouse seedlings ranged from 1.6 to 6.3 mg/ml. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values from all the extracts tested were relatively higher than their respective MIC’s. Root extracts of E. natalensis were more active against M. tuberculosis and their MIC values were lower than the tested concentrations. Extracts acquired from field-grown seedlings were more active against M. smegmatis with a lowest MIC value of 0.78 mg/ml. Extracts from the control group and Treatment 1, which had less application of fertilizers were more active against strains of M. tuberculosis with MIC value of 10 µg/ml. This shows the selectivity of E. natalensis against the mycobacterial strain of M. tuberculosis. Based on the findings, synthesis and accumulation of naphthoquinones in E. natalensis is highly variable within individuals of the species investigated. Naphthoquinones accumulate in relatively higher amounts in roots of E. natalensis than in the aboveground structures, which validate their harvest by indigenous people. The concentration of shinanolone varied slightly and its production increased with seedling growth. The synthesis of 7-methyljuglone is independent of fertilisation as its accumulation was enhanced in seedlings subjected to control treatment. Neodiospyrin and isodiospyrin were always present in every sample obtained from the seedlings but they were not detectible in every profile of samples from mature plants. Diospyrin is the only naphthoquinone that was detected in every sample analysed and also quantified in high concentrations from mature plants harvested in spring. The study showed that depending on the requirement of a particular naphthoquinone for research, one could target the seasons and seedling stages recommended from this study. This study also showed that field-cultivated seedlings produced more potent naphthoquinones than the ones subjected to controlled environments.Dissertation (MSc (Plant Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Cohen, Susan Alese. "Regenerating Longleaf Pine on Hydric Soils - Short-Term Effects on Soil Properties and Seedling Establishment." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04282008-191226/.
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Restoring longleaf pine ecosystems is essential for managing rare plant and animal species and protecting biological diversity in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Natural longleaf pine ecosystems range from xeric uplands to poorly-drained flatwoods and savannas. Most existing stands, however, occur on xeric to dry-mesic sites and approaches to restoring longleaf pine to wetter sites traditionally utilize intensive practices. There is little information available on the efficacy of these practices to establish longleaf pine seedlings on poorly-drained sites and their impacts on soil properties, seedling survival and growth, and the understory plant community. A research project was established at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC to evaluate the effects of site preparation methods for returning longleaf pine on hydric soils with no natural seed source. Various site preparation treatments were evaluated in a field experiment, and results revealed greater growth and earlier emergence from the grass stage with more intensive site preparation. There was a marginal increase in soil nutrients, and a slight increase in foliar nutrients found with the more intensive treatments. Site preparation influenced seedling growth in the short-term and this was likely due to the cumulative effects of controlling competition and modifying the planting site. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune and other Department of Defense installations include both former and remnant longleaf pine ecosystems that support federally protected plants and animals such as the red-cockaded woodpecker - and thus face the challenge of restoring former, poorly-drained longleaf pine ecosystems. A land use history revealed that, largely due to its poorly-drained status and inaccessibility, the majority of disturbance on the research area occurred after the 1920âs and was largely due to forestry activities. Since purchasing the land area of the project in 1996, the Marine Corpsâ challenge has been to balance the mission of training and readiness with the need for restoration and long-term management of longleaf pine ecosystems. The results of this work provide natural resource managers with a scientific foundation for assessing choices to assist in this restoration and management effort.
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Warner, Amanda Jo. "Identifying and characterizing fungal pathogens causing seedling diseases on soybean through a multi-state survey." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1396.
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Seedling diseases are both common and destructive on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. They are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes. The goal of this research was to identify fungal pathogens causing seedling diseases of soybean through a multi-state effort. Two different approaches were used for genus and species determination, one relying on morphological features using microscopy and the other through DNA sequencing of specific genetic loci using up to three different barcodes. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the elongation factor EF-1α, and the intergenic spacer (IGS) regions were sequenced for the various isolates to confirm speciation. Data produced from the study includes identification of fungal isolates from eight states in the Unites States, each one contributing approximately 150 isolates. Data also involves correlating species and genus distributions to factors including geographical distribution, cultural practices, soil type, and climatic conditions. More than 3,000 fungal isolates were processed for identification to help determine the predominant causal agents of seedling diseases on soybean in the production fields where the isolates were collected. Our findings showed that Fusaria were the most predominant of the genera identified followed by Trichoderma species. Of sixty-one different species identified over the course of two years of the study, F. oxysporum was the most abundantly isolated. Evidence was shown that different cultural practices and environmental factors do have effects on the distribution of the various species seen in soybean fields with seedling diseases. Through the two-year efforts of seedling diseases causing fungal identification studies, further research studies were developed and pursued. In addition to the fungi believed to be contributing to seedling diseases, we also identified fungal isolates with potential to serve as biological control agents (BCAs). We found fungi, e.g. Trichoderma species, known for their control potential and proceeded with in vitro and in vivo studies to further understand their efficacy and mechanisms on a variety of pathogens with a focus on the sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogen, Fusarium virguliforme. Species of the Trichoderma genus more significantly inhibited pathogen growth than other genera tested and T. harzianum was the most efficient of Trichoderma species.
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Dugo, Tesfaye Letta <1976>. "Association mapping of stem rust resistance in durum wheat at the seedling and adult plant stages." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5935/.
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In wheat, stem rust is known to rapidly evolve new virulence to resistance genes. While more than 50 stem rust resistance (Sr) loci have been identified in wheat, only a few remain effective, particularly against the highly virulent race Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races. An association mapping (AM) study based on 183 durum wheat accessions was utilized to identify resistance loci for stem rust response in Ethiopia over four seasons and artificial inoculation with Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races under field conditions as well as in greenhouse test at seedling stage under controlled conditions for resistance to four highly virulent stem rust races: TRTTF, TTTTF, (TTKSK (Ug99) and JRCQC. The panel was profiled with 1,253 SSR and DArT markers. Twelve QTL-tagging markers were significant (P < 0.05) across three to four seasons. The role of Sr13, Sr9, Sr14, Sr17, and Sr28 was confirmed. Thirteen significant markers were in regions with no Sr genes/QTLs.
The results under controlled conditions showed that 15, 20, 19 and 19 chromosome regions harbored markers that showed significant effects for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. These genomic regions showed marker R2 values ranging from 1.13 to 8.34, 1.92 to 17.64, 1.75 to 23.12 and 1.51 to 15.33% for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. The study demonstrates that stem rust resistance in durum wheat is governed in part by shared loci and in part by race-specific ones. The QTLs identified in this study through AM will be useful in the marker-assisted development of durum wheat cultivars with durable stem rust resistance.
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Nciizah, Adornis Dakarai. "Aggregate stability, crust formation, steady state infiltration and mode of seedling emergence in soils with various texture and mineralogy." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015539.
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The general objective of this study was to quantify the interactive effects of soil texture and mineralogy on soil crusting, infiltration and erosion and the subsequent effects on maize seedling emergence and early development using soils collected from 14 ecotopes in the Eastern Cape Province. The specific objectives were to determine; i) particulate organic matter, soil texture and mineralogy relations, ii) aggregate stability and breakdown mechanisms as affected by soil texture and organic matter, iii) crust formation and steady state infiltration, iv) rainfall pattern effects on crusting, infiltration and erodibility and v) rainfall intensity effects on crusting and mode of seedling emergence. Particulate organic matter (POM) was fractionated into litter POM, coarse POM and fine POM. Both total soil organic matter (SOM) and the POM in each fraction were determined using the weight loss on ignition procedure. Most ecotopes were either sandy loam or sandy clay loam and primary minerals especially quartz dominated the soil mineralogy. The clay content was significantly related to the total SOM (r = 0.78), hematite (r = 0.83) and quartz (r = -0.74). Aggregate stability was determined following methods described by Le Bissonnais (1996) i.e. fast wetting (FW), slow wetting (SW) and wet stirring (WSt). Aggregate breakdown followed the order; slaking < mechanical breakdown < micro-cracking for most ecotopes except Lujiko Leeufontein and Amatola Jozini where SW and WSt resulted in the least MWD respectively. Aggregate stability was significantly correlated to POM only for FW and SW and only positive but not significant for WSt. To study crust formation, aggregate sizes <2, 2 to 3, 3 to 5 mm were exposed to 60 mm hr-1 simulated rainfall. Sieving structural crusts, ~0.2 to ~0.8 mm thick with a surface layer of loose grains overlying a thin plasmic layer, formed in all ecotopes. Crusts with strengths between 0.25 and 3.42 10-4 kg m-2 developed on the <2 mm compared to <2.23 10-4 kg m-2 in the >2 mm aggregates. The reverse occurred in Alice Jozini, which had relatively low clay content of 120 g kg-1. Two significantly different groups of the SSIR were observed. The SSIR was between 1.24 and 3.60 mm hr-1 in the group of ecotopes dominated by primary minerals and relatively lower clay content. In the second group, consisting one ecotope dominated by kaolinite and relatively higher clay content, the SSIR was 15.23 mm hr-1. Rainfall pattern i.e. rainfall applied either as an eight minute single rainstorm (SR) or four-two minute intermittent rainstorms (IR) separated by a 48 h drying period significantly (p < 0.05) affected crust strength, SSIR and erosion. The IR resulted in higher crust strength and SSIR than SR. The effect of rainfall pattern on SSIR was mostly influenced by the primary minerals namely, quartz. Three maize seeds of equal size were planted in plastic pots, pre-wetted by capillary action and then subjected to simulated rainfall at three intensities for 5 min. Rainfall intensity (30, 45 and 60 mm h-1) significantly (P < 0.05) affected crust strength and mean emergence day (MED) but not emergence percentage (EMP) and shoot length (P > 0.05). The 60 mm h-1 rainfall intensity resulted in the highest crust strength and MED.
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Moree, Joshua Larue. "Influence of nursery stock, planting practices, fertilization and competition control on initial survival and growth of Nuttall and white oak seedlings." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05012007-132716.
Full textBooks on the topic "Seedling stage"
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James, Robert L. Mortality of bareroot Colorado blue spruce seedlings, Montana State Nursery, Missoula. Missoula, Mont: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 1987.
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Smith, Lisa L. Deciduous forest communities and tree seedling distributions in Forbes State Forest, southwestern Pennsylvania. 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Seedling stage"
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Chen, Zilong, Dazhou Zhu, Xiangrong Ren, Hua Cong, Cheng Wang, and Chunjiang Zhao. "Analyzing Thermal Infrared Image Characteristics of Maize Seedling Stage." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VII, 380–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54344-9_44.
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Krans, J. V., and J. B. Beard. "The Effects of Stage of Seedling Development on Selected Physiological and Morphology Parameters in Kentucky Bluegrass and Red Fescue." In Proceedings of The Third International Turfgrass Research Conference, 87–95. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1974.proc3rdintlturfgrass.c11.
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Sarsu, Fatma. "Screening Protocols for Heat Tolerance in Rice at the Seedling and Reproductive Stages." In Pre-Field Screening Protocols for Heat-Tolerant Mutants in Rice, 9–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77338-4_2.
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Díaz Vélez, M. Celeste, Ana E. Ferreras, and Valeria Paiaro. "Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 90–104. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0090.
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Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.
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Quilloy, Fergie Ann, Benedick Labaco, Carlos Casal, and Shalabh Dixit. "Crop Establishment in Direct-Seeded Rice: Traits, Physiology, and Genetics." In Rice Improvement, 171–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_6.
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AbstractThe changing climate and water availability strongly affect the current state of agricultural production. While the global temperature rises, the occurrence of extreme climatic conditions becomes erratic. This current scenario has driven the development of rice varieties and cultivation practices that require less water and favor mechanization. Although puddled transplanted rice has been more widely used in the past, direct seeding has been gaining popularity in recent years, especially due to its water- and labor-saving features. This technique allows full crop establishment from seeds that were directly sown in the field, thus avoiding puddling, transplanting, and maintaining standing water. Consequently, it offers promising positive environmental effects including decreasing the release of greenhouse gases and increasing water-use efficiency. Historically, rice varieties bred for transplanting are also used in direct seeding, which limits the maximum yield potential of field trials. The success of direct seeding relies strongly on the development of rice varieties with robust crop establishment. Anaerobic germination, seed longevity, and early seedling vigor are the key traits required to achieve this. This chapter expounds on the physiology, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and relevance of the enumerated traits for direct seeding. A brief discussion of breeding for rice varieties with improved germination under direct seeding is also provided.
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Mackill, D. J., and K. Xu. "Genetics of seedling-stage submergence tolerance in rice." In Rice Genetics Collection, 607–12. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812814289_0072.
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Uçarlı, Cüneyt. "Effects of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Stage." In Abiotic Stress in Plants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93647.
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Kim, K. M., I. K. Chung, T. S. Kwak, and J. K. Sohn. "Isolating and characterizing molecular markers associated with seedling-stage cold tolerance in rice." In Advances in Rice Genetics, 336–37. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812814319_0128.
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Fugetsu and Parvin. "Graphene phytotoxicity in the seedling stage of cabbage, tomato, red spinach, and lettuce." In Carbon Nanotubes - From Research to Applications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/18393.
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O. Numbere, Aroloye. "Mangrove Restoration under Different Disturbances Regime in the Niger Delta, Nigeria." In Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96127.
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Mangroves of the Niger Delta are the largest in Africa and are the source of numerous ecosystem services such as firewood, seafood, building materials and medicinal herbs. Their sustainable use and protection are important for future generations. However, anthropogenic activities such as oil and gas exploration, urbanization, industrialization, dredging, overexploitation and sand mining are the major disturbances that have pushed the mangroves to the brink of extinction. Therefore, in other to restore lost areas of the mangroves natural and artificial means can be adopted to bring them to a restored state. More often than not emphasis of recovery had been placed on artificial remediation and restoration, where polluted sites are cleaned with chemicals and nursery seedlings transplanted to remediated such sites. Nevertheless, this chapter discusses the possibility of utilizing natural means of forest recovery through seedling recruitment and regeneration. This can be achieved by establishing the right environmental conditions such as setting up of a hydro-channel to ensure smooth inflow and out flow of river water carrying seeds, availability of parent mangrove trees to supply the seeds, and the availability of the right soil condition to enable seedling germination and growth. The use of dried and ground mangrove parts as a new way for restoring polluted soil is discussed; in addition, the unconventional proposition of using low key pollution to manage and increase forest resilience is highlighted in this work even though further studies are recommended. Future direction of mangrove restoration should be tilted towards the application of the force of nature, which has the potentials of reversing the adverse effect of anthropogenic activities in well managed and protected sites.
Conference papers on the topic "Seedling stage"
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Huang, Lin-kai, Xin-quan Zhang, Wen-gang Xie, Wan-ping Zhou, and Liang Chen. "Evaluation of drought resistance for Hemarthria compressa at seedling stage." In International Conference on Photonics and Image in Agricultural Engineering (PIAGENG 2010), edited by Honghua Tan. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.886382.
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Xua, Yue, Zenghui Wangb, and Dongyan Wangc. "Background segmentation of corn seedling stage base on the greenness method." In Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emeit.2011.6023492.
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Wu, Jun-jiang, Peng-fei Xu, Li-jun Liu, Shuzhen Zhang, Jin-sheng Wang, Wei-gang Lin, Peng Zhong, Lai Wei, and De-jian Dong. "Mapping QTLs for Phosphorus-deficiency Tolerance in Soybean at Seedling Stage." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.269.
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Tyutyunnikova, E. M., M. A. Sanin, and T. V. Plotnikova. "THE EFFECT OF BIOREGULATOR REGOPLANT ON TOBACCO PRODUCTIVITY DURING THE SEEDING AND FIELD PERIODS." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-249-254.
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We studied the effect of the growth regulator Regoplant on the mass of seedlings, the quality of seedlings and the productivity of tobacco. Soaking tobacco seeds before sowing in a 0.0001 % solution of the preparation at an exposure of 6 hours, and then spraying the plants at the stage of “auricles” and “seedling ready for planting” with a working solution of an agrochemical with a 0.00001 % concentration significantly improved the quality of seedlings. This technique increases the length of tobacco seedlings to the apical point by 66 %, to the end of elongated leaves by 29 %, the mass of stems by 53 %, the mass of roots by 32 %, the diameter of the stem by 38 %. After planting the plants in the field, developed under the influence of the Regoplant stimulator, we noted an increase in productivity by 16 % and an improvement in the quality of raw materials due to an increase in carbohydrates and a decrease in proteins. The economic effect against the background of the application of Regoplant preparation amounted to 106 thousand rubles.
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Yan, Yang, and Wang Yu. "Early Detection of Rice Blast (Pyricularia) at Seedling Stage based on Near-infrared Hyper-spectral Image." In ICBBS 2019: 2019 8th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3369166.3369185.
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Lina, Huang, Xu Wei, Cheng Shimin, Zhao Zhiru, and Wei Shouxing. "The Effect of CPA and Urea Distribution on Growth of Banana Seedling Stage and Fate of Nitrogen." In 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Computer Science (ICEMC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemc-17.2017.99.
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Sun, Hongyi, and Haitao Dong. "Study of Growth Rhythm of Non-Energy-Plant Stevia Rebaudiana Hemsl in Seedling-Growing Stage in Hexi Region, Gansu Province." In 2015 Asia-Pacific Energy Equipment Engineering Research Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ap3er-15.2015.78.
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Darmawan, Tania Sylviana, Tata Taqiyyatuz Zahroh, Mirza Merindasya, Ririn Masfaridah, Dyah Ayu Sri Hartanti, Sekar Arum, Sri Nurhatika, Anton Muhibuddin, Tini Surtiningsih, and Achmad Arifiyanto. "Manganese (Mn) stress toward hyperaccumulators plants combination (HPC) using Jatropha curcas and lamtoro gung (L. leucocephala) in mychorrizal addition on soybean (Glycine max) seedling stage." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY CONFERENCE 2016: Biodiversity and Biotechnology for Human Welfare. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4985418.
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Lobzenko, I. P., T. V. Bauer, S. S. Mandjieva, S. N. Sushkova, and T. M. Minkina. "EVALUATION OF THE BIOCHAR INFLUENCE ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF THE HAPLIC CHERNOZEM CONTAMINATED BY COPPER." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.181-184.
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The article presents an analysis of the effect of various doses of biochar on the phytotoxicity of common carbonate chernozem with a contamination of 300 mg/kg Cu by seedling method. In this work, we calculated the toxicity index of the factor (ITF) to assess the condition of the stidied samples of experiment.
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KEMESIUS, Martynas, Gerda SILINGIENE, Regina VASINAUSKIENE, and Remigijus ZALKAUSKAS. "THE INFLUENCE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES (L.) H. KARST.) SEEDLINGS GROWTH." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.079.
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The usage of biodegradable waste as sewage sludge in a proper way for tree nurseries enable to seek for ecological, waste-less, alternative to mineral fertilization farming ways. The aim of this research is to investigate impact of sewage sludge fertilizers on Norway spruce (Picea abies) two years’ seedlings growth. Research has been done in 2013-2014 at Utena State Forest Enterprise nursery. The different fertilization rates (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 t/ha) of sewage sludge were investigated and compared with control – traditional fertilization with mineral fertilizers. The impact of sewage sludge was evaluated by seedlings biometric indicators, also dry mass of sample seedlings (medium seedlings by height and diameter). The bigger rates of sewage sludge showed almost better results in exception of seeds outlet. Sewage sludge has long lasting effect on seedlings growth and could successfully shift soil fertilization by mineral fertilizers. The obtained research results confirm the similar research carried out in 2011 in Rokiskis State Forest Enterprise nursery for first year Norway Spruce seedlings.