Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Seedling storage'

Vegetable grafting confers soil-borne disease resistance through the use of selected rootstocks. Additional costs associated with grafted vegetable seedling propagation limit grower access to this technology. The use of low temperature storage in grafted seedling production reduces labor costs and allows propagators to meet the seasonal and narrow-window demand of growers. For the first part of the experiment 22 genotypes of Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae seedlings were evaluated in low temperature storage conditions (5 or 12°C). Seedling performance was better in 12°C storage than in 5°C storage. For the second part of the experiment watermelon, the most low-temperature sensitive species found in our first study, was grafted onto two different commercial rootstocks or on to other watermelon seedlings and stored at 12°C for two and four weeks. Both 'Strong Tosa' and 'Emphasis' rootstocks conferred chilling tolerance during storage to watermelon scions, allowing storage of grafted plants for two weeks.

Root growth potential (RGP), the ability of a transplanted seedling to rapidly elongate existing roots and initiate new roots, is used as an indicator of seedling physiological quality. Three separate experiments were conducted on loblolly pine RGP during 1983-84 and 1984-85 using 1-0 nursery-grown seedlings. In the first study, seedlings were hand-lifted from September to April at 17-day intervals in 1983-84 and 7-day intervals in 1984-85. The RGP variation over time was related to environmental and seedling phenological changes. In addition, the new root systems were morphologically described. In the second study, changes in loblolly pine seedlings following different lift-date X cold storage duration treatments were described. These changes were compared to the RGP, shoot activity, and new root system morphology of fresh-lifted seedlings. Genetic variation in RGP on different lift-dates was quantified in the third study. Variation patterns over time among 14 half-sib loblolly pine families hand-lifted at one-month intervals were examined. Root growth potential was low in the autumn until the cessation of shoot activity. Seedlings stored poorly if put in cold storage during this time, or prior to the accumulation of at least 400 chilling hours. Seedling RGP increased in the early-winter to a late-February peak, and then decreased when spring shoot elongation occurred during the RGP tests. Similar trends over time were noted with seedlings removed from cold storage during these times. The RGP pattern over time was consistent among years and among the half-sib families, although there were some minor differences among half-sib families in the rate of increase to, and decrease from, the late-winter peak. Most new roots resulted from elongation of existing roots rather than initiation of new roots regardless of lift-date; however, when seedling metabolism was high (early autumn and late-winter) both root initiation and elongation of existing roots contributed to the new root system. In addition, the morphology of root systems of cold-stored seedlings was similar to fresh-lifted seedlings. Differences in numbers and lengths of new roots among half-sib families were due to the differential ability to produce new roots through both root initiation and elongation.<br>Ph. D.<br>incomplete_metadata

Published Article<br>A study involving two incubation experiments and a germination experiment in sandy soil was conducted to determine the influence of Multiplied Effective Micro-organisms (M-EM) that were exposed to different levels of irradiation and temperature fluctuation as well as prolonged storage, on the germination and seedling vigour of maize, sorghum and sunflower. Irrespective of poor handling and/or prolonged storage of M-EM, seed treatment with M-EM improved germination under optimal conditions for all crops compared to the control. Increased planting depths and cold stress were used to create conditions where seed treatment with M-EM may improve germination and seedling growth. Seed treatment with M-EM significantly improved germination and seedling vigour of the stress-tolerant maize cultivar following cold stress. Similar improved seedling vigour results were observed for the stress-tolerant sunflower cultivar at increased planting depth. It was concluded that the beneficial influence of M-EM as a seed treatment was remarkable, even after exposure of M-EM to unfavourable environmental conditions and prolonged storage before application. Further research under field conditions and in different cultivation systems are required before the large scale application of M-EM as seed treatment can be recommended.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_marcos_paulo_ludwig.pdf: 377282 bytes, checksum: eeea4d92a3337e0a6a5b8f998da4e6d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-20<br>The objective of this paper was to evaluate seed coating of soybean seed using equipment for treatment with spray system Grazmec®. The treatments applied with the equipment were: 1) control, 2) fungicide, 3) amino acid, 4) polymer, 5) fungicide + amino acid, 6) fungicide + insecticide, 7) fungicide + polymer, 8) fungicide + insecticide + polymer, 9) fungicide + amino acid + insecticide. The evaluation of the spray system was followed by moisture content determination, weight of 1000 seeds and coverage. Also field emergence was evaluated. The seed quality evaluations were followed by germination, vigor, dry matter of plants and seed health. The seeds were storage for six months and evaluations were done every 60 days. The results shows that soybean seed moisture content was 1% lower with the treatment; the field emergence and weight of 1000 seeds were no affected by treatment; when the change of product and/or seed the equipment should regulated for a coating good. The applied of polymer improve seed coating. The application of amino acid isolate improve the performance of the seeds; the use of amino acid combined with fungicide, insecticide and polymer do not improve the seed quality; the use of polymer fungicide + insecticide + polymer improve leaf area, dry mass of root and of part aerial of the plant compare with control in storage seed for four months after treatment.<br>Com o objetivo de avaliar o tratamento e o recobrimento de sementes de soja em um equipamento com sistema de aspersão da marca Grazmec Spray System® foi realizado um conjunto de experimentos na Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, campus do Capão do Leão. Os tratamentos aplicados com o equipamento foram: 1) testemunha, 2) fungicida, 3) aminoácido, 4) polímero, 5) fungicida + aminoácido, 6) fungicida + inseticida, 7) fungicida + polímero, 8) fungicida + inseticida + polímero e 9) fungicida + aminoácido + inseticida. Para avaliar o sistema de aspersão foi realizada a avaliações de grau de umidade, emergência em campo, peso de 1000 sementes e cobertura das sementes. Para a determinação da eficiência dos tratamentos foram realizadas avaliações de germinação, vigor, massa seca de plantas, desempenho inicial de plantas e sanidade de sementes. Após tratadas, as sementes foram armazenadas por seis meses e avaliadas a cada 60 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que o aumento no grau de umidade das sementes de soja tratadas e/ou recobertas com o equipamento de sistema de aspersão foi inferior a 1%. A emergência de plântulas e o peso de 1000 sementes não foram afetados pelo tratamento e/ou recobrimento realizado com o sistema de aspersão. Para que o recobrimento seja eficaz o equipamento deve ser regulado a cada mudança de produto e/ou semente. O uso de polímero melhora o recobrimento das sementes. A aplicação do aminoácido isolado melhora a germinação das sementes. A combinação de aminoácido com fungicida, inseticida e polímero não melhora o desempenho das sementes. A aplicação de fungicida + inseticida + polímero aumenta a área foliar, massa seca de raiz e de parte aérea das plantas quando comparada com a sem tratamento em sementes armazenadas por 4 meses após o tratamento.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-29T12:27:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira , Augusto Pedroso de-2012-Dissertação.pdf: 1221394 bytes, checksum: 3f53224e0b239d497b0f70bbf3b0393e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-29T15:07:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira , Augusto Pedroso de-2012-Dissertação.pdf: 1221394 bytes, checksum: 3f53224e0b239d497b0f70bbf3b0393e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-29T15:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira , Augusto Pedroso de-2012-Dissertação.pdf: 1221394 bytes, checksum: 3f53224e0b239d497b0f70bbf3b0393e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-15<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>To produce rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) seedlings in nursery, the collection is limited by the short fall of seeds, which have a rapid loss of their germinal power and no guarantee their viability. This forces the nurseryman to acquire a much larger seeds than really necessary. With the adoption of standards for the quality of seed, the minimum parameters established 70% viability being suggested for such confirmation the tetrazolium test, according Rules for Seed Analysis (RSA) and/or a practical test done from the visual analysis of the seed endosperm color named in this work of "visual test". Despite tetrazolium test be scientifically based, its realization is made improbable by many financial and temporal reasons. Thus, the visual test points as a low-cost alternative, high reliability and immediate result, since both tests are considered trusted, but only the test tetrazolium test is recognized. The subject proposed to verify the credibility of the "visual test" legitimizing or not its use in the field. The field is composed of rubber seed, formed with the adult clone GT1. The seeds were homogenised and stored on two conditions: braided polypropylene bags and transparent plastic bags with minimum thickness of 0.02 mm microdrill at top. In each bag, in three treatments were placed ten kilograms of seed and these were stored in natural conditions of temperature and humidity (25° C ± 5 °C). Was pulled randomly a bag of seeds of rubber tree of each storage type, to zero and fourteen days of storing lots. The tests: visual, sprouting in sand and tetrazolium, besides the determination of the degree of moisture. Tetrazolium and visual tests were highly correlated, and the visual test results before had as the best way to analyze the seeds, for its significant correlation in General with the tetrazolium test, and simplicity in its execution and instant result, which gives good lot projection nurseryman to be acquired by him.<br>A produção de mudas de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) em viveiro, é limitada pelo curto período de produção, queda e coleta das sementes, que possuem uma rápida perda do seu poder germinativo e nenhuma garantia da sua viabilidade. Isto obriga o viveirista a adquirir uma quantidade de sementes maior do que aquela realmente necessária. Com a aprovação de normas para o padrão de qualidade de semente, se estabeleceram parâmetros mínimos de 70% de viabilidade sendo sugerido para tal confirmação o teste de tetrazólio, segundo as Regras para Análise de Sementes (RAS) e, ou, um teste prático feito a partir da análise visual da cor do endosperma da semente nomeado no presente trabalho de “teste visual”. Apesar do teste de tetrazólio ser embasado cientificamente, sua realização é inviabilizada por diversos motivos de ordem financeira e temporal. Sendo assim, o teste visual aponta como uma alternativa de baixo custo, alta confiabilidade e resultado imediato, já que ambos os testes são considerados confiáveis, mas apenas o teste de tetrazólio é reconhecido. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se verificar a credibilidade do “teste visual” legitimando ou não seu uso no campo. As sementes de seringueira foram coletadas no município de Goianésia, estado de Goiás. O campo de sementes é constituido de seringal adulto, formado com o clone GT1. As sementes foram homogeneizadas e armazenadas em duas condições: sacos de polipropileno trançado e sacos plásticos transparentes com espessura mínima de 0,02 mm, microperfurados na parte superior. Em cada saco, nos dois tratamentos, foram colocados dez quilogramas de sementes e estes foram armazenados em condições naturais de temperatura e umidade (25° C ± 5 °C). Foi retirado aleatoriamente um saco de sementes de seringueira de cada tipo de armazenamento, no tempo zero e aos quatorze dias de armazenamento dos lotes de sementes coletados. Foram realizados os testes: visual, de germinação em areia e de tetrazólio, além da determinação do grau de umidade. Os testes visual e de tetrazolio foram altamente correlatos. O teste visual apresentou a melhor forma de análise das sementes, por sua significativa correlação no geral com o teste de tetrazólio, além da simplicidade em sua execução e resultado instantâneo, o que confere ao viveirista uma boa projeção do lote de sementes a serem adquiridas para a produção de mudas de seringueiras

Chez les eucaryotes, le rétromère est un complexe protéique composé d’un sous complexe SNX (Sorting Nexin) et d’une sous unité VPS (Vacuolar Protein Sorting) également appelé « core » rétromère. Le rétromère a été décrit comme un complexe régulant le transport des protéines membranaires au niveau de l’endosome. Chez Arabidopsis thaliana, les travaux de notre équipe ont démontré que ce complexe est impliqué dans différents processus développementaux tels que le développement de l’embryon, la maturation des protéines de réserves de la graine et l’initiation des racines secondaires. Dans ce travail, nous avons caractérisé la fonction du rétromère dans le développement des graines et des jeunes plantules d’Arabidopsis thaliana. D’une part, nous avons montré que VPS29 est nécessaire à la mise en place des réserves lipidiques de la graine. Nous avons identifié un nouveau « cargo » du complexe rétromère ; LTP6 (Lipid Transfer Protein 6) dont la perte de fonction engendre des phénotypes liés au métabolisme lipidique similaires à ceux du mutant vps29. Compte tenu de la localisation de LTP6 au niveau d’une structure intracellulaire spongieuse caractéristique du réticulum endoplasmique, le site de synthèse des corps lipidiques, nous supposons que le rétromère participe à la biogenèse des réserves lipidiques via sa fonction dans le trafic de ce nouveau « cargo ». D’autre part, nous avons mis en évidence que le « core » rétromère indépendamment de la sous-unité SNX est impliqué dans la mobilisation des réserves lipidiques, une fonction indispensable pour le développement des jeunes plantules. Nous avons montré que VPS29 est nécessaire à la translocalisation de la triacylglycérol lipase SDP1 (Sugar-Dependent 1) du peroxysome aux corps lipidiques, le compartiment de stockage des réserves lipidiques. Ces résultats nous ont permis d’envisager que le « core » rétromère pourrait emprunter de nouvelles voies de trafics intracellulaires entre des compartiments autre que l’endosome<br>In eukaryotes, the retromer is a complex composed of the SNX (Sorting Nexin) subcomplex and the VPS (Vacuolar Protein Sorting) subcomplex also called the core retromer. To date, the retromer is described as a key regulator of proteins trafficking around endosomal compartment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, our group has previously demonstrated that this complex is involved in several developmental pathways, as embryo development, seed storage protein maturation and lateral root emergence. In this work, we characterised the function of the retromer in seeds and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Firstly, we found that VPS29 is required for the formation of seeds storage lipid. We identified a new cargo of this complex; Lipid Transfer Protein 6 (LTP6). LTP6 lost of function induces similar phenotype than vps29 linked to lipid metabolism. Based on LTP6 localisation on an intracellular structure characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum, the site of OBs formation, we supposed that the retromer may act on oil bodies biogenesis by its function on LTP6 trafficking. Secondly, we demonstrated that the core retromer have a SNX-independent function in lipid reserves breakdown, which is essential for seedling establishment. We showed that VPS29 is required for translocation of the triacylglycerol lipase SDP1 (Sugar-Dependent-1) from the peroxisome to oil bodies, the lipid storage compartment. Altogether, these results allowed us to propose new intracellular route trafficking for VPS sub-complex between compartments other than the endosome

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_gs_me_botfca.pdf: 632349 bytes, checksum: 498e1b397bf6abc7096a3228b6ca7ca0 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O processo limitante na produção de mudas de algumas palmeiras é a germinação, pois, suas sementes perdem a viabilidade rapidamente depois de colhidas. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o armazenamento de plântulas de Euterpe edulis em câmara fria a 100C (0, 3, 6 e 9 meses), em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (de zero a dez semanas do início do processo germinativo), visando a obtenção de plântulas ao longo do ano. Foram coletadas amostras de cada tratamento para a determinação da atividade da peroxidase, envolvida no germinação de sementes, desenvolvimento de plântulas e também, ligadas ao estresse e senescência, possibilitando avaliar os efeitos na fisiologia das sementes provocados pelos tratamentos. Foi observado o desenvolvimento vegetativo das sementes e/ou plântulas após os tratamentos em condições de casa de vegetação, por período de 6 meses, para determinar a taxa de sucesso (plântulas com desenvolvimento normal). A taxa de sucesso de plântulas foi afetada negativamente pela permanência das sementes/plântulas em câmara de germinação e armazenamento em câmara fria. Dos parâmetros morfológicos de desenvolvimento analisados no final do experimento (comprimento de parte aérea, comprimento de parte aérea total, comprimento de raiz, diâmetro do coleto, massa de matéria fresca e massa de matéria seca), somente ocorreu diminuição do comprimento da raiz, sob estas condições. A atividade da peroxidase aumentou em decorrência do aumento do período de armazenamento em câmara fria, relacionada com a senescência das plântulas. Apesar da redução da taxa de sucesso das plântulas, não ocorreu redução dos parâmetros de desenvolvimento vegetativo (exceto comprimento de raiz) analisados das sementes/plântulas, portanto, o armazenamento em câmara fria é um instrumento viável para prolongar o período de uso das sementes de Euterpe...<br>Germination is the limiting process in the seedling production of some palm trees, since their seeds lose viability rapidly after collection. This study aimed to evaluate the storage of Euterpe edulis seedlings in a cold chamber at 10ºC (0, 3, 6 and 9 months) at different developmental stages (from zero to ten weeks after the initiation of the germinative process) in order to obtain seedlings throughout the year. Samples from each treatment were collected for assay of peroxidase activity, involved in seed germination, seedling development and also related to stress and senescence, which allows evaluating the treatment effect on seed physiology. The vegetative development of seeds and/or seedlings was observed under greenhouse conditions for six months to determine the success rate (seedlings presenting normal development). The success rate of seedlings was negatively affected by the maintenance of seeds/seedlings in germination chamber and storage in cold chamber. Among the morphological traits of development analyzed at the end of the experiment (shoot length, total shoot length, root length, stem diameter, fresh matter and dry matter), only root length decreased under such conditions. Peroxidase activity increased due to the longer period of storage in cold chamber, which was related to the senescence of seedlings. Despite the reduction in the success rate of seedlings, there was no decrease of vegetative developmental traits (except root length) analyzed in seeds/seedlings. Therefore, the storage in cold chamber is a viable instrument to extend the use of seeds for propagation of Euterpe edulis

In response to concern over the failure and poor growth of many interior and white spruce plantations in British Columbia the effect of storage duration and soil temperature on the photosynthetic ability of white spruce seedlings was explored. Seedlings of Picea glauca were dark freezer stored (-5°C) from 9.6 to 30.6 weeks, thawed and grown for 28 days in a growth chamber at three different soil temperatures (3,7,11°C). During this period gas exchange variables and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics were followed. Seedlings stored for periods of 22 weeks or longer had significantly lower rates of photosynthesis dependent on the outplanting soil temperature. Stomatal conductance was initially low upon outplanting and showed a recovery period of 4-7 days duration. The level of stomatal conductance increased in seedlings after they were stored for 26.1 weeks or longer. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of seedlings stored from 22 to 30.6 weeks showed a recovery period in photosynthetic efficiency (Fy/Fp) related to changes in photosynthesis. A decrease in seedling Fy/Fp with increasing periods of storage was noted at day 5 after outplanting. A disproportionate increase in new root growth with the increasing soil temperatures, measured after the 28 day growth period, suggested a soil temperature threshold for root growth exists between the 7°C and ll°C. In contrast, the stomatal conductance and photosynthesis results suggest the seedling shoots were not directly affected by the cold soil temperatures. In general, the results suggest Picea glauca seedlings stored longer than 22 weeks in freezer conditions have reduced photosynthetic ability, root growth and overall vigor. Fluorescence and bud break data suggest the reduction was possibly due to freezing damage sustained in storage affecting photosynthetic electron transport through photoinhibition upon returning seedlings to the light.<br>Forestry, Faculty of<br>Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camara_atr_me_botfca.pdf: 536810 bytes, checksum: 57f5286522d61f84e18be56157805a7d (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Sementes recalcitrantes sempre apresentam dificuldades em seu armazenamento, tornandose um problema para produtores de mudas que muitas vezes não têm como realizar a semeadura logo após a colheita das sementes ou necessitam produzir mudas em diferentes épocas do ano, além de dificultar a conservação de germoplasma. As sementes de ingá, depois de colhidas, perdem sua viabilidade rapidamente, geralmente não ultrapassando 15 dias. As espécies de sementes recalcitrantes normalmente não utilizam bancos de sementes como estratégia de regeneração em condições naturais. Observações ecológicas têm mostrado que é mais comum sua regeneração natural ser por meio de bancos de plântulas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o armazenamento de sementes pré-germinadas de Inga vera Willd., provenientes de frutos em dois estádios diferentes de maturação, em três condições diferentes de umidade de substrato e em baixa temperatura. Os frutos de Inga vera Willd. colhidos foram separados em duas categorias, de acordo com sua coloração de casca, entre verdes e maduros. Após seu beneficiamento, as sementes foram prégerminadas e armazenadas em substrato sem adição de água (testemunha), com 30 e 60% de umidade sob baixa temperatura (10°C), por um ano. O armazenamento feito a 30 e 60% de umidade mostrou-se com melhor eficiência, tanto para plântulas provenientes de frutos verdes, como as de frutos maduros. Entre os dois tipos de frutos, observou-se que as plântulas obtidas de vagem verde, obtiveram melhor desempenho sob as condições de armazenamento, em relação àquelas obtidas de vagem madura. Podem ser armazenadas por até quatro meses, mantendo 50% de sobrevivência das plântulas do lote, quando o armazenamento é feito sob baixa temperatura (10 ± 5°C) e em substrato com 30 e 60% de umidade. Após um período de armazenamento...<br>Recalcitrant seeds always present difficulties for storage procedures, becoming a problem for seedling producers that often have no choice to sow them immediately after seed harvest or when they need to produce seedlings through different times by the year. Inga seeds, once harvested, lose quickly their viability, often not exceeding a period of 15 days. Species of recalcitrant seeds do not use seed banks as regeneration strategy into the natural environment. Ecological observations have shown that is common occur their natural regeneration through seedling banks. The objective of this work was to evaluate pregerminated seed storage of Inga vera Willd. from two fruit maturation stages, under different conditions of substrate humidity, and under low temperature. The collected fruits of I. vera 9were splited into two types, according to their color, between unripe and ripe. After the processing of those seeds, they were pre-germinated on substrate and stored in substrate with no water addition (control), 30, and 60% humidity under low temperature (10°C) for a year. The storage made under 30 and 60% humidity showed to be the best for both, seedlings from unripe and ripe fruits. Between two types of fruits, we observed that the seedlings from unripe fruits, presented better performance under storage conditions, when compared to those obtained from mature fruits. They can be stored for until four months, with 50% of seedling survivals when stored under low temperature (10 ± 5°C) and with 30 and 60% of substrate humidity. After a year of seedling storage it was possible to get until 10% of survival... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O processo limitante na produção de mudas de algumas palmeiras é a germinação, pois, suas sementes perdem a viabilidade rapidamente depois de colhidas. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o armazenamento de plântulas de Euterpe edulis em câmara fria a 100C (0, 3, 6 e 9 meses), em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (de zero a dez semanas do início do processo germinativo), visando a obtenção de plântulas ao longo do ano. Foram coletadas amostras de cada tratamento para a determinação da atividade da peroxidase, envolvida no germinação de sementes, desenvolvimento de plântulas e também, ligadas ao estresse e senescência, possibilitando avaliar os efeitos na fisiologia das sementes provocados pelos tratamentos. Foi observado o desenvolvimento vegetativo das sementes e/ou plântulas após os tratamentos em condições de casa de vegetação, por período de 6 meses, para determinar a taxa de sucesso (plântulas com desenvolvimento normal). A taxa de sucesso de plântulas foi afetada negativamente pela permanência das sementes/plântulas em câmara de germinação e armazenamento em câmara fria. Dos parâmetros morfológicos de desenvolvimento analisados no final do experimento (comprimento de parte aérea, comprimento de parte aérea total, comprimento de raiz, diâmetro do coleto, massa de matéria fresca e massa de matéria seca), somente ocorreu diminuição do comprimento da raiz, sob estas condições. A atividade da peroxidase aumentou em decorrência do aumento do período de armazenamento em câmara fria, relacionada com a senescência das plântulas. Apesar da redução da taxa de sucesso das plântulas, não ocorreu redução dos parâmetros de desenvolvimento vegetativo (exceto comprimento de raiz) analisados das sementes/plântulas, portanto, o armazenamento em câmara fria é um instrumento viável para prolongar o período de uso das sementes de Euterpe... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Germination is the limiting process in the seedling production of some palm trees, since their seeds lose viability rapidly after collection. This study aimed to evaluate the storage of Euterpe edulis seedlings in a cold chamber at 10ºC (0, 3, 6 and 9 months) at different developmental stages (from zero to ten weeks after the initiation of the germinative process) in order to obtain seedlings throughout the year. Samples from each treatment were collected for assay of peroxidase activity, involved in seed germination, seedling development and also related to stress and senescence, which allows evaluating the treatment effect on seed physiology. The vegetative development of seeds and/or seedlings was observed under greenhouse conditions for six months to determine the success rate (seedlings presenting normal development). The success rate of seedlings was negatively affected by the maintenance of seeds/seedlings in germination chamber and storage in cold chamber. Among the morphological traits of development analyzed at the end of the experiment (shoot length, total shoot length, root length, stem diameter, fresh matter and dry matter), only root length decreased under such conditions. Peroxidase activity increased due to the longer period of storage in cold chamber, which was related to the senescence of seedlings. Despite the reduction in the success rate of seedlings, there was no decrease of vegetative developmental traits (except root length) analyzed in seeds/seedlings. Therefore, the storage in cold chamber is a viable instrument to extend the use of seeds for propagation of Euterpe edulis<br>Orientador: Ana Catarina Cataneo<br>Coorientador: Edson Seizo Mori<br>Banca: João Nakagawa<br>Banca: Leonardo Cesar Ferreira<br>Mestre

Orientador: Edson Seizo Mori<br>Banca: Marcia Balistiero Figliolia<br>Banca: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva<br>Resumo: Sementes recalcitrantes sempre apresentam dificuldades em seu armazenamento, tornandose um problema para produtores de mudas que muitas vezes não têm como realizar a semeadura logo após a colheita das sementes ou necessitam produzir mudas em diferentes épocas do ano, além de dificultar a conservação de germoplasma. As sementes de ingá, depois de colhidas, perdem sua viabilidade rapidamente, geralmente não ultrapassando 15 dias. As espécies de sementes recalcitrantes normalmente não utilizam bancos de sementes como estratégia de regeneração em condições naturais. Observações ecológicas têm mostrado que é mais comum sua regeneração natural ser por meio de bancos de plântulas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o armazenamento de sementes pré-germinadas de Inga vera Willd., provenientes de frutos em dois estádios diferentes de maturação, em três condições diferentes de umidade de substrato e em baixa temperatura. Os frutos de Inga vera Willd. colhidos foram separados em duas categorias, de acordo com sua coloração de casca, entre verdes e maduros. Após seu beneficiamento, as sementes foram prégerminadas e armazenadas em substrato sem adição de água (testemunha), com 30 e 60% de umidade sob baixa temperatura (10°C), por um ano. O armazenamento feito a 30 e 60% de umidade mostrou-se com melhor eficiência, tanto para plântulas provenientes de frutos verdes, como as de frutos maduros. Entre os dois tipos de frutos, observou-se que as plântulas obtidas de vagem verde, obtiveram melhor desempenho sob as condições de armazenamento, em relação àquelas obtidas de vagem madura. Podem ser armazenadas por até quatro meses, mantendo 50% de sobrevivência das plântulas do lote, quando o armazenamento é feito sob baixa temperatura (10 ± 5°C) e em substrato com 30 e 60% de umidade. Após um período de armazenamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Recalcitrant seeds always present difficulties for storage procedures, becoming a problem for seedling producers that often have no choice to sow them immediately after seed harvest or when they need to produce seedlings through different times by the year. Inga seeds, once harvested, lose quickly their viability, often not exceeding a period of 15 days. Species of recalcitrant seeds do not use seed banks as regeneration strategy into the natural environment. Ecological observations have shown that is common occur their natural regeneration through seedling banks. The objective of this work was to evaluate pregerminated seed storage of Inga vera Willd. from two fruit maturation stages, under different conditions of substrate humidity, and under low temperature. The collected fruits of I. vera 9were splited into two types, according to their color, between unripe and ripe. After the processing of those seeds, they were pre-germinated on substrate and stored in substrate with no water addition (control), 30, and 60% humidity under low temperature (10°C) for a year. The storage made under 30 and 60% humidity showed to be the best for both, seedlings from unripe and ripe fruits. Between two types of fruits, we observed that the seedlings from unripe fruits, presented better performance under storage conditions, when compared to those obtained from mature fruits. They can be stored for until four months, with 50% of seedling survivals when stored under low temperature (10 ± 5°C) and with 30 and 60% of substrate humidity. After a year of seedling storage it was possible to get until 10% of survival... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSFC.pdf: 1714522 bytes, checksum: 1f5731378a9a944b1b3d82e565d352a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-24<br>The increase of the antropic action on the different forms of vegetation imposes the necessity to study the forest species, as much as for its conservation, as for its use in environment and productive plantations. If the species is still widely explored in function of the quality of its wood and of other types of products, they increase the risks for its extinction, and the Myracrodruon urundeuva ( aroeira ) is a species that fits in these aspects. The seed still is the most popular and common form of reproduction of the majority of the forest species, and also for its "ex-situ" conservation. However, the majority of the works on storage is conducted in cold or dry chambers, or its combination, of high cost, for periods around 12 months, and not always they reach the variation of the packages, in relation to the permeability. The option of keeping the quality of diasporas of "aroeira", deriving of seeds collection area, in Cuiabá, Brazil, and cheaper conditions to be stored, and of this form, accessible to more users was evaluated under different forms. In controlled chamber for a conditioning air device, the viability of diasporas of "aroeira" was conserved up to 30 months of storage, while the vigor was kept up to six months, independent of the type of packing used, since the impermeable one, until the total permeate one. In room environment the viability and the vigor were been reduced, at the age of six months, but in lesser speed, when the diasporas were conditioned in packing of can and polyethylene bag; at the age of 12 months the deterioration increased and at the age eighteen it was complete. Positive and significant correlations between the methods of analysis of viability as well as of vigor had been observed. The test of accelerated ageing presented resulted satisfactory to evaluate the quality of the diasporas of aroeira , while the tests of electric conductivity and of the diasporas thousand mass had not been adjusted. The evaluation of the initial development of seedlings, produced from the diasporas stored under different conditions, resulted in lesser values of height, diameter of collar and total dry substance mass, in relation to produced seedlings with the diasporas just harvested. However, with the development of the seedlings, these differences did not remain and presented inferior as well as superior values, in relation to the previous evaluations. It is possible to keep the viability of diasporas of aroeira , for at least up to 30 months, and its vigor up to six months, with its storage in controlled chamber.<br>O aumento da ação antrópica sobre as diferentes formas de vegetação, impõe a necessidade de estudar as espécies florestais, tanto para a sua conservação, como o seu uso em plantios ambientais e produtivos. Se a espécie ainda é largamente explorada em função da qualidade de sua madeira e de outros tipos de produtos, aumentam os riscos de sua extinção, e a aroeira é uma espécie que se enquadra nesses aspectos. A semente ainda é a forma mais popular e comum de reprodução da maioria das espécies florestais, e também para a sua conservação "ex-situ". Contudo, a maioria dos trabalhos sobre armazenamento é conduzida em câmaras frias, secas ou a sua combinação, de alto custo, por períodos em torno de 12 meses, e nem sempre abrangem a variação das embalagens, quanto à permeabilidade. A opção de manter a qualidade de diásporos de aroeira, oriundos de área de coleta de sementes, em Cuiabá, em condições mais amenas e mais baratas de serem armazenadas, e desta forma, acessível a mais usuários, foi avaliada sob diferentes formas. Em câmara climatizada por um aparelho condicionador de ar, a viabilidade de diásporos de aroeira se conservou até 30 meses de armazenamento, enquanto o vigor se manteve até seis meses, independente do tipo de embalagem utilizada, desde a impermeável, até a totalmente permeável. Em ambiente a viabilidade e o vigor foram reduzidos, aos seis meses, mas em menor velocidade, quando os diásporos foram acondicionados em embalagem de lata e em saco de polietileno; aos 12 meses a deterioração aumentou e aos 18 meses foi completa. Foram observadas correlações positivas e significativas entre os métodos de análise tanto da viabilidade como do vigor. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado apresentou resultados satisfatórios para avaliar a qualidade dos diásporos de aroeira, enquanto os testes de condutividade elétrica e da massa de mil diásporos não foram adequados. A avaliação do desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, produzidas a partir dos diásporos armazenados sob diferentes condições, resultou em menores valores de altura, diâmetro do coleto e massa de matéria seca total, em relação às plântulas produzidas com os diásporos recém colhidos. Contudo, com o desenvolvimento das mudas, essas diferenças não se mantiveram e apresentaram tanto valores inferiores como superiores, em relação às avaliações anteriores. É possível manter a viabilidade de diásporos de aroeira, pelos menos até 30 meses, e o seu vigor até seis meses, com o seu armazenamento na câmara climatizada.

碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系所<br>104<br>This study investigated factors that influenced the storage environment of Lilium formosanum (Formosa lilies) and established basic information for culturing seedlings. Fresh orthodox Formosa lily seeds with a water content of 9%–10% were harvested. The seeds were placed inside sealed packaging and stored at low temperatures (-20°C and 5°C) for 16 months. In addition, water content was reduced to 6% to maintain favorable germination rates. Temperature is the most important factor that influences the vigour of Formosa lily seeds. Five groups of wild Formosa lily seeds, treated cold-moist stratification for 40 d, yielded the highest germination rates (98.3%–100%) and shortest average number of days to germination (11.8–13.3 d). Formosa lily seeds from various areas in the Meiling region displayed germination rates of 90% or above and an average number of days to germination that decreased as the number of days of treatment increased. By adding organic matters in the mediums, it made seed germination and rooting more difficult. By combining peatmoss and perlite to sand and vermiculite to serve as the mediums, the number of leaves on 8-week-old seedlings reached 1.8, the root length ranged from 7.9 to 9.9 cm and from 9.3 to 13.9 cm, the combined fresh weight of scale leaves and bulblet reached up to 0.9 g, and the fresh weight ranged from 0.039 to 0.043 g and from 0.038 to 0.065 g, all of which outperformed seedlings in which organic matters were added. Compared with low-temperature culturing seasons, seedling bulb diameters, lengths, and fresh weights in high-temperature seasons reached 0.32 and 0.36 cm, 15.3 and 16.7 cm, and 0.15 and 0.16 g, respectively. Regarding plug tray and pot-based seed culturing, the results showed that the former produced higher germination rates as well as significantly higher leave numbers and widths. Seedlings grown in pots were more upright, whereas plug tray seedlings were flatter. Next, 10-week-old seedlings were transplanted in 45-cell plug trays and 2-in. and 3-in.-soft black pots, in which the results showed that plants transplanted in the 2-in. black pots exhibited superior leave numbers, leave widths, bulb diameters, and regrowth 2 months after the transplant. In addition to root length, the type of pot used during the early stages of seedling growth had a considerable effect on its growth. Heel in containers displayed the most significant effect on root length growth 4 months after transplant. After collecting different groups of Formosa lily seeds from 14 regions in Taiwan, they were refrigerated in the dark for 30 d and cultured for 5 months before being transplanted in soil. During the culturing period, leave and bulb features were investigated, in which the results showed that those from the north had shorter and wider scale leaves and a bulb diameter of approximately 6.3–8.0 mm. The number of scale leaves and leaf length of the plants increased rapidly 2 months after the transplant. Concerning leaf morphology and bulb of the Formosa lilies, those from the north were significantly different from those from the south; Formosa lily groups from the Houlong region, North Coast, and Central and Southern Taiwan budded and flowered 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months after transplant, respectively.

碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系所<br>107<br>The rhizome of Bletilla can be cultivated as the bulbous plant. In this thesis, the asymbiotic seed germination, the growth of seedlings and the rhizome storage were investigated in Bletilla formosana and Bletilla striata. B. formosana has a higher germination percentage and a faster growth rate as compared to those in B. striata. An increase in germination percentage and seedling growth index was observed when mature seeds of B. striata treated with 1 % NaOCl solution for 10 minutes. The improvement of seedling growth in B. striata was found when supplemented with NAA and by adjusting the concentration of sucrose in the medium. In B. formosana, as seedlings were deflasked in June, the flower bud differentiation and the formation of lateral shoot buds could be observed after seven months of cultivation (the next January). After eight months of cultivation (the next February), the flower bud differentiation was finished in all seedlings. Then the successive flowering could be observed after nine months of cultivation (the next March). In order to investigate the growth habitat and the conditions of rhizome storage of Bletilla, the rhizomes of different weights of B. formosana and the rhizomes of B. striata with flower buds were harvested during the withering period in November. After the storage in the dry and dark at 15° C and 25° C for 1 month, the sprouting of rhizomes buds of B. formosana was 75% - 95%. Furthermore, after 4-5 months of re-planting, the flowering could reach 28% - 100%. In B. striata, after the storage in the humid and dark at 10° C to 25° C for 1 month, the sprouting of rhizomes buds was 62-100%. Furthermore, after 24 to 83 days of re-planting, the flowering could reach 6-25%. In conclusion, the rhizomes of B. formosana and B. striata were able to flower and to adjust the flowering timing after the rhizome storage. In particular, B. formosana has the characteristics of easy to germination, fast growth and short juvenility. Its rhizomes could be re-stored and able to re-flower. Take together, B. formosana has the great potential to grow as the bulb crop in the future.

碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>農學研究所<br>93<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-day treatment and seedling sources on the growth and flowering of the three cultivars of Eustoma, including ‘Rosa-Green’, ‘Rosa-Pink’, and ‘Plata-Violet’.The effects of pre-treatment, harvesting maturity, and storage technique on vase life of cut flowers in ‘Rosa Green’, ‘Rosa-Pink’ and ‘Rosa Yellow’ were also studied. The results summarized as follow: Through the short-day treatment, seedling sources had a significant effect on the growth of Eustoma. The rosette rate of imported seedlings was 0%, while that of highland seedlings was 10%. There was no significant difference in plant height of the three different sources of seedlings. Lowland seedlings had the largest stem, with 5.6cm in diameter. Imported seedlings had the most numbers of nodes and leaves per flower stalks. Lowland seedlings had the maximum internode length of 7.2cm and leave width of 7.0cm. Compared with imported and highland seedlings, there were significant differences. The height of the first flower and number of flowers and buds were less-affected by the sources of seedlings. The imported seedlings had the largest diameter of 8.5cm, and low-land seedlings had the longest length of flower stalk of 16.7cm with the latest full blooming stage of 74.3 days. The cultivars affected rosette rate and leave width of Eustoma. However, plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, length of internodes, number of leaves were not affected. In the aspect of blooming quality, except during full blooming stage, the height of the first flower, number of flowers and buds, lengths of flower stalks varied significantly with the effects of different cultivars. As to harvesting maturity, 2 flower develop mental stage were the optimal. The 7-day simulated transportation under 5℃ made the vase life as long as 11.9 days. Under different storage conditions, after a 7-day and 11℃ simulated transportation, the vase life of the flowers transported with and without water were 9.3 and 8.7 days respectively. Thus, water saturation is suggested for delivery. In another simulated transportation in 7 days and under 2℃, no significant difference was observed between the vase life of flowers transported with and without water. But flowers saturated with water had a better opening rate. Hence, it is suggested to transport flowers in water-free packages under 2℃.

碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系<br>92<br>The influence of plug tray cell size and number of seedlings per cell on leave number、plant height and bulb diameter have shown that onion seedlings in 128 cell tray with single-seedling per cell had greater size, and bulbs were matured one week earlier than other treatments. The onion seedlings transplanted from 128 cell tray were greater in yield、bulb weight、bulb diameters、bulbing ratios、higher percentage of large bulbs than those raised in 288 cell tray. There were no significantly differences between onion seedligs raised in 128 and 288 cell on bolting percentage、bulb neck diameters、bulb length/diameter（L/D）and number of scale. The L/D of bulbs increased as the number of plants per cell increased, but there were no significant differences on bolting、bulb weight、bulb neck diameter、bulb diameter、number of scale、dormant sprouts and percentage of large bulbs. Onions raised in 288 cell tray with three-seedlings per cell had the highest weight loss and rotten percentage during storage in year 2002. There were no significant interactions between cell volume and years as well as number of plants per cell and years.

The appearance and accumulation of vegetative storage proteins in nursery-grown Interior spruce seedlings (Picea glauca and P.engelmanni complex) was evaluated along with changes in seedling physiology. The 30 kD and 27 kD vegetative storage proteins (VSP) appeared after vegetative maturity (budset) and accumulated during the development of rest and the acquisition of cold hardiness. This trend was observed in bud extracts of three seedlots QL, EK, and PG as well as in the ambient treatment (natural fluctuations in photoperiod and temperature) of seedlot FIN. Stem and root tissue had similar accumulation patterns. Cold hardiness levels were measured using the electrolyte leakage method. This test is used annually to predict lifting date for cold storage of seedlings. Both the LT₅₀ (temperature for 50% electrolyte leakage) and the index of injury at -18°C (I.I.@-18°C) were low during early fall when storage protein levels were negligible in seedlot QL extracts. Afterwards, hardiness (I.I.@-18°C) was acquired and VSP accumulated until late October. Scanning densitometry of SDS-PAGE gels indicated that 15% of total protein was VSP by early November. These changes were accompanied by a decline in photosystem II activity, mitotic index, and dormancy. In seedlot QL, vegetative storage protein patterns were correlated to LT₅₀ (r = -0.972), photosystem II activity (r = -0.971), index of injury at -18°C (r = -0.900) and days to budbreak (r = -0.893). Seedlings stored at 4°C showed a slight decline in VSP and a decrease in seedling quality after 6 months of storage. Fall acclimation treatments -- long day 16 hr, 10°C days/5°C night (LD/Cold), short day <12 hr, 22°C day/18°C night (SD/Warm), and Ambient treatment -- indicated that prolonged short days caused maximum VSP accumulation within 30 days whereas under ambient conditions it took between 80 to 100 days. Cold temperatures may help cause the normal gradual increase in VSP and cold hardiness within buds. The SD/warm root bark was not as strongly influenced by daylength as bud and stem tissue because VSP accumulation was gradual. Although SD/warm seedlings accumulated maximum VSP levels, these seedlings remained dormant and did not become cold hardy. The results indicate that VSP accumulation and cold hardiness usually develop in parallel but they are unrelated. Under normal fall acclimation conditions, VSP accumulation and cold hardiness acquisition patterns are very similar; therefore, both could be used to predict lifting date in the future, with VSP used to predict lifting date and hardiness testing used to ensure cold hardiness.

Studies were conducted to examine factors associated with total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) depletion during winter, either outdoors, in freezer-storage or in thawing. To see if TNC depletion was mainly due to respiration, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, respiratory C02 evolution of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.) was monitored in -2°C storage for 4 months and in +2°C and +7°C thawing regimes for 6 weeks. In Experiment 2, white spruce and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) respiration was monitored in -2°C storage for 2 months. In the following 6 weeks of +2°C and +7°C thawing regimes, only spruce respiration frost hardiness in storage. Starch synthesis occurred in -2°C storage although no clear environmental signals could have triggered this activity. Soluble sugars were analyzed by HPLC to explore sugar dynamics in relation to frost hardiness and growth resumption. Spruce and pine seedlings from outdoors, the 4 months freezer-storage treatment and the +2°C thawing regime were analyzed. Contents of individual sugars were plotted against frost hardiness to identify any relationship to dehardening. The results suggested that shoot raffinose content is well correlated with hardiness of spruce and pine. More species and conditions need to be tested to establish the strength of this relationship. To explore the possibility of root to shoot CH2O transport via phloem, white spruce seedlings were girdled at the collar zone. Intact and girdled seedlings were freezer-stored for 4 months and transferred to a +2°C thawing regime for 4 weeks. Thereafter, the temperature in thawing was increased to +7°C for 2 additional weeks. Shoot and root TNC content were compared for intact and girdled seedlings. The results showed that significant phloem transport was not likely in -2°C storage or when seedlings were exposed to +2°C for 4 weeks. However, once transferred to +7°C, there was a disproportionate accumulation of free sugars in roots of girdled seedlings, suggesting that normal root to shoot phloem transport was blocked. monitoring was considered in Experiment 2. TNC was measured every month beginning in December in white spruce and lodgepole pine for seedlings overwintered outdoors for 3 months, for seedlings left outdoors 2 months and then lifted in February for freezer-storage, and for seedlings freezer-stored for 4 months. TNC was also measured twice during the two thawing regimes for seedlings cold-stored for 2 and 4 months. Respiration rates and TNC depletion were compared. Frost hardiness was monitored for spruce and pine at months 0, 2 and 4 during freezer-storage and every two weeks during thawing. For seedlings kept outdoors, frost hardiness was monitored at months 0, 2 and 3. Respiration increased following a disturbance (e.g. lifting for storage) but stabilized at a lower steady-state rate thereafter. Measured TNC depletion matched respiration rate in the 4 months freezer-storage but not in any other cases. The Q10 calculated between -2°C and +2°C was found to be extreme for steady-state respiration rates, indicating a disproportionate increase in activity when seedlings are transferred from freezer-storage to thawing. Frost hardiness was released relatively slowly following 4 months of freezer-storage. Dehardening was faster for seedlings kept outdoors. Seedlings placed in freezer-storage in February were able to regain

碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>園藝學系研究所<br>95<br>This study discussed about proper storage and transportation factors and technology on pretreatment of Paphiopedilum seedling in order to lower transportation cost and improve seedling quality. Deflasked Paphiopedilum seedlings such as Paph. Tradition, Paph. (Lasy Isabe ‘Los Osos’ × vietnamense), Paph. Ho Chi Minh and Paph. (San Francisco × Emerald Moon) could be cured for 0~12h before storage and transportation; good quality seedling could be obtained by wrapping roots with sphagnum and being left at 10-15℃ for 3 days. Besides, three major hybrids of commercial seedlings, Paph. Ho Chi Minh, Paph. Daisy Barclay and Paph. In Charm Spell were cured 4 hours before storage and transportation; good quality seedling could be obtained by wrapping roots with sphagnum and being left at 15-20℃ for 3 days, and it grew well after storage and transportation. Even after 30 days of storage and transportation, its survival rate reached 100%; after planted for 2 month, its chlorophyll fluorescent activity（Fv/Fm value）and SPAD value could be restored. Growth restoration by packing with plastic wrap was 4 weeks slower than packing with sphagnum, but the survival rate reached 100%, too, and with less cost than sphagnum, it is free of quarantine problem. Experimental result of this study indicated that special care must be taken in storage and transportation of deflasked Paphiopedilum seedling and commercial seedling to avoid dehydration, so that even after prolonged storage and transportation, good seedling quality can be maintained. Therefore one can look for packing material with both low cost and water preservation ability, coupled with proper treatment time and temperature of storage and transportation, so as to improve seedling quality after storage and transportation, and reduce transportation cost.