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Journal articles on the topic 'Seedling survival'
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1
Herr, DG, LC Duchesne, R. Tellier, RS Mcalpine, and RL Peterson. "Effect of Prescribed Burning on the Ectomycorrhizal Infectivity of a Forest Soil." International Journal of Wildland Fire 4, no. 2 (1994): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9940095.
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Ectomycorrhizae formation, seedling health index, and seedling survival were assessed for two-year-old nursery-grown seedlings of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus two months after planting in clear-cuts that had received prescribed burning under different fire intensities. Controls consisted of seedlings planted in unburned clear-cuts. Fire intensity positively correlated with percent ectomycorrhizal roots for P. strobus but not for P. resinosa. Seedling health index and survival were highest in burned-over sites as compared to control sites for both pine species. Fire intensity correlated with seedling health index for P. strobus but not for P. resinosa. Fire intensity correlated with seedling survival for both species. Colonization of seedlings by ectomycorrhizal fungi did not correlate with seedling health index or seedling survival. P. resinosa seedlings planted in burned-over sites had a smaller number of lateral roots per unit length primary/secondary roots compared to seedlings planted in control plots.
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Reid, J. Leighton, and Karen D. Holl. "Arrival ≠ Survival." Restoration Ecology 21, no. 2 (2013): 153–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13433285.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Seed dispersal is commonly a limiting process in ecosystem recovery, and several recent studies have proposed novel methods for overcoming this important biological barrier, particularly in tropical pastures. Multiple experiments in various regions have shown that bird perches attract birds and increase seed dispersal but not seedling recruitment in degraded habitats. New bat-focused restoration applications, such as roost boxes and fruit oils, have proven capable of attracting animals and augmenting seed dispersal, but these applications have yet to be vetted by seedling establishment data. Seeds and seedlings in pastures have low probability of survival, attributable to predation, dessication, rot, and competition with ruderal vegetation. As such, these novel applications are unlikely to have the desired effect of accelerating tropical forest succession. Given that seed dispersal is meaningless if arriving seeds cannot survive, and that seedling recruitment measurements are not prohibitively difficult to take, we suggest that studies of novel seed dispersal techniques should include a measure of seedling recruitment. Without this information, it cannot be assumed that such applications accelerate forest recovery.
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Reid, J. Leighton, and Karen D. Holl. "Arrival ≠ Survival." Restoration Ecology 21, no. 2 (2013): 153–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13433285.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Seed dispersal is commonly a limiting process in ecosystem recovery, and several recent studies have proposed novel methods for overcoming this important biological barrier, particularly in tropical pastures. Multiple experiments in various regions have shown that bird perches attract birds and increase seed dispersal but not seedling recruitment in degraded habitats. New bat-focused restoration applications, such as roost boxes and fruit oils, have proven capable of attracting animals and augmenting seed dispersal, but these applications have yet to be vetted by seedling establishment data. Seeds and seedlings in pastures have low probability of survival, attributable to predation, dessication, rot, and competition with ruderal vegetation. As such, these novel applications are unlikely to have the desired effect of accelerating tropical forest succession. Given that seed dispersal is meaningless if arriving seeds cannot survive, and that seedling recruitment measurements are not prohibitively difficult to take, we suggest that studies of novel seed dispersal techniques should include a measure of seedling recruitment. Without this information, it cannot be assumed that such applications accelerate forest recovery.
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Oka, Chihiro, Tomoyuki Itagaki, and Satoki Sakai. "Effects of the number of embryos in a seed and seed mass on seedling survival and growth in polyembryonic Ophiopogon japonicus var. umbrosus (Asparagaceae)." Botany 94, no. 4 (2016): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0214.
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Research on polyembryony suggests that the presence of multiple embryos in a seed confers an advantage for seedling survival. Because observations from embryo to seedling stages are lacking, however, the effect of the exact number of embryos on seedling survival is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of seed embryo number on seedling survival and growth to determine the number of embryos in a seed that are advantageous for seedling survival in Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. var. umbrosus Maxim., which is a taxon exhibiting cleavage polyembryony. We also investigated whether seed mass affects seed embryo number and seedling survival and growth. We found that the number of embryos in seeds of O. japonicus var. umbrosus was weakly dependent on seed mass. As the number of embryos increased, the number of seedlings surviving from seeds initially increased and then decreased; the greatest number of seedlings was produced from an intermediate number of embryos, with the number of embryos producing the greatest number of seedlings increasing with seed mass. The sum of individual seedling lengths increased with the number of seedlings. Our results indicate that an intermediate number of embryos may be advantageous in polyembryonic O. japonicus var. umbrosus.
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South, David B. "Needle-Clipping Longleaf Pine and Top-Pruning Loblolly Pine in Bareroot Nurseries." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (1998): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/22.4.235.
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Abstract Studies have shown that clipping needles of longleaf pine before outplanting can increase average seedling survival by 13 percentage points. Under some situations, the increase in survival might be due to a reduction in transpiration. For loblolly pine, top-pruning in the nursery might increase average survival by 6 percentage points. Benefits of pruning appear greater when seedlings experience stress after planting and when nonpruned seedlings have low root weight ratios (root dry weight/total seedling dry weight). On some droughty sites, a seedling with a 0.3 root weight ratio might have an 80% chance of survival, while a seedling with a 0.2 root weight ratio might only have a 53% chance of survival. In most studies where heights were measured after 3 yr in the field, pruned seedlings were the same height as nonpruned seedlings (± 7 cm). South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):235-240.
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South, David B., and Robert J. Mitchell. "Determining the "optimum" slash pine seedling size for use with four levels of vegetation management on a flatwoods site in Georgia, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 7 (1999): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-048.
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A slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii) study was established to determine the "optimum" seedling size for use on a flatwoods site in the Coastal Plain physiographic province of Georgia, U.S.A. The optimum seedling is defined as the ideotype that will minimize overall reforestation costs while achieving established goals for initial survival and growth. Initial survival and fourth-year performance were examined in relation to (i) method of site preparation, (ii) herbicide application, and (iii) seedling class (based on root-collar diameter) and to associated establishment costs. Seedling class greatly influenced survival with large-diameter classes (8.5-11.5 mm) exhibiting the best survival (87-99%). Seedlings with 4.5-mm diameters averaged 75% survival. A second bedding pass (double bedding) reduced grasses and woody shrubs, and the herbicide imazapyr reduced grasses and herbaceous broadleaf weeds. Neither treatment improved pine survival. Use of 9.5 to 11.5-mm seedlings (without double bedding) produced larger trees 4 years after planting than 4.5-mm seedlings with double bedding. A simple cost analysis indicated the optimum seedling would be considerably larger (9.5-11.5 mm) in diameter than the "target" seedling (4.5 mm) typically produced at slash pine nurseries. For each dollar invested in establishment, planting the optimum pine seedling on this site resulted in greater gains in early survival and growth than either double bedding or use of imazapyr.
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Aizen, Marcelo A., and Hilary Woodcock. "Effects of acorn size on seedling survival and growth in Quercus rubra following simulated spring freeze." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (1996): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-037.
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Seed size is an important phenotypic trait commonly associated with the fitness of young seedlings exposed to environmental stress. Spring frosts can cause leaf necrosis and seedling mortality in young oak seedlings, and seedling mortality following spring freeze events is a factor limiting the northern range limits of Quercus gambelii (Nutt.). We examined the relationship between acorn size and seedling survival following spring freeze by exposing 1-month-old Quercus rubra (L.) seedlings from two sites in Massachusetts to −3 °C for 8 h. Mortality of 1-month-old frost-exposed seedlings (20–25%) was 10 times higher than control mortality, with survival directly related to acorn size. Seedling size at the end of the first growing season was negatively affected by frost exposure and positively associated with acorn size. Overwintering mortality (<5%) was negatively associated with seedling size. The production of large acorns should confer a selective advantage in habitats susceptible to spring frosts through a positive effect on seedling establishment success under stress. Keywords: red oak, acorn size, frost, seedling survival.
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Santos, Gildomar Alves dos, David Francis Robert Philip Burslem, Milton Serpa de Meira Jr, and Stanislau Parreira Cardozo. "Introduction of native tree species into degraded Cerrado vegetation." Interação 21, no. 2 (2021): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/inter-102-s127.
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Experimental restoration using tree seedlings is a common strategy for accelerating succession on degraded post-agricultural land formerly occupied by Cerrado vegetation. Seedling growth in degraded tropical lands is constrained by various factors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the seedling growth and survival of seven native tree species used to accelerate forest recovery in a gully area with stressful environmental conditions. The experimental design involved fenced and unfenced blocks, presence and absence of fertilization and use of an adhesive to prevent ant herbivory (four treatments with four replicates). Seedlings were planted in December 2006 and collection of data on seedling basal diameter, height, mortality and herbivory started on January 24th 2007 and continued every three months, until final data collection on January 31st 2009 (9 measurement dates). Overall seedling survival was 38 % and protecting seedlings did not influence growth, but seedlings grew faster in response to the addition of fertilizer containing N, P and K. The use of the adhesive Tanglefoot to exclude leaf cutter ants had no influence on growth. Fencing reduced seedling mortality, but combining fencing with Tanglefoot did not. Nutrient availability limits seedling growth and survival in the gully. Direct planting of seedlings of native trees may accelerate succession in degraded Cerrado lands subject to interventions that overcome constraints on seedling growth and survival.
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Rustam, E., D. J. Sudrajat, N. Nurhasybi, N. Widyani, and S. Surono. "Possibility of bare-root seedling application for tropical forest and landscape restoration: A study on Gmelina arborea and Calophyllum inophyllum." E3S Web of Conferences 373 (2023): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337305005.
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Container and bare-root seedlings are the two basic stock types used in reforestation programs in many countries, but in the tropics, bare-root seedlings have never been widely applied. The objective of this research was to assess the possibility of bare-root seedlings for tropical forest and landscape restoration treated by fertilization in the nursery and aquasorb treatment using two forest tree species, i.e., Calophyllum inophyllum and Gmelina arborea. A randomized block design was used to assess the seedling performance in nursery and aquasorb application on bare-root seedlings and container (polybag) seedlings as a comparison. This research indicated that NPK fertilization in the nursery was able to increase the seedling growth of C. inophyllum and G. arborea. In the field test, polybag seedlings had better survival and growth than bare-root seedlings. The best survival and growth in both species were shown by the polybag seedling with fertilization and aquasorb treatment. The treatment also increased the bare-root seedling growth in both species. Bare-root seedlings of C. calophyllum resulted in higher seedling survival than bare-root seedlings of G. arborea. The application of bare-root seedling on C. inophyllum is more prospective to be applied in the tropics.
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Oshima, Chiaki, Yuji Tokumoto, and Michiko Nakagawa. "Biotic and abiotic drivers of dipterocarp seedling survival following mast fruiting in Malaysian Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 2 (2014): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646741400073x.
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Abstract:South-East Asian tropical rain forests experience sporadic, but profuse, seed production after general flowering, leading to the synchronous emergence of various seedlings and subsequent seedling dynamics, which play a crucial role in determining species distribution and coexistence. We examined the relative importance of both biotic (initial height, conspecific seedling density) and abiotic (canopy openness, per cent sand, soil water content) drivers using survival data for 1842 seedlings of 12 dipterocarp species for 1.5 y following mast fruiting in an old-growth Bornean tropical rain forest. More than 30% of all dipterocarp seedlings survived 1.5 y after mast fruiting. When all species were analysed together, we found that initial seedling height, canopy openness and conspecific seedling density affected dipterocarp seedling survival. Negative density dependence indicated that predators were not satiated, but dipterocarp seedlings rather suffered from host-specific natural enemies or intraspecific competition. Species-level analyses of seven dipterocarp species showed large variation in response to biotic and abiotic factors. These results suggest that interspecific differences in the relative importance of biotic and abiotic effects on seedling survival might contribute to species coexistence.
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Dranski, João Alexandre Lopes, Ubirajara Contro Malavasi, and Marlene de Matos Malavasi. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIGNIN CONTENT AND QUALITY OF Pinus taeda SEEDLINGS1." Revista Árvore 39, no. 5 (2015): 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622015000500013.
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ABSTRACT The essay objective was to correlate lignin content resulting from tigmomorphogenesis induced by stem swaying with survival and post-planting growth of P. taeda seedlings. Seedlings were subjected to daily frequencies (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 movements) of stem swaying for 60 days. By the end of the treatments, we determined lignin content of below and aboveground seedling tissues. Four replicates per treatment were planted in a area cultivated with pines. Ninety days after planting, survival and increments of seedling height, stem diameter and stem volume were quantified. Application of 20 stem swayings increased lignin in both below and aboveground plant tissues. Outplanted seedling survival was reduced with 40 stem swayings while growth increments were increased with both 10 and 20 stem swayings. Lignin content from belowground plant tissues was positively correlated with outplanted seedling survival while lignin from aboveground tissues correlated with height and stem volume increments. P. taeda seedlings with higher lignin content have higher survival chances after planting.
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Morgan, JW. "Ecological Studies of the Endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides. II. Patterns of Seedling Emergence and Survival in a Native Grassland." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 1 (1995): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950013.
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The emergence, survival and growth of seedlings of the endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. were followed in a Themeda triandra grassland during 1991 and 1992. The effect of summer irrigation on seedling survival was also investigated. Seedling emergence occurred in both years within 2 weeks of the 'autumn break' when soil moisture rose above 20%. Ninety percent of emergence was observed within 4 weeks of the onset of germination and 87% of seedlings were within 20 cm of an established plant. No emergence was observed after 8 weeks. Thirteen percent of the 1991 cohort survived for 14 months. Mortality of most seedlings (63%) was attributed to soil moisture stress in summer. Small seedlings (Ͱ4 3 leaves) were no more susceptible to drought than larger seedlings. Seventy two percent of the 1991 cohort produced four leaves before subsequently dying. In 1992, however, most early seedling mortality was amongst cotyledonary seedlings. No seedlings flowered in their first year. Above-ground growth was slow and by 14 months, 60% of surviving seedlings had seven or fewer live leaves. Irrigation in a year of below-average rainfall had no significant effect on the survival and growth of seedlings. This suggests that seedling recruitment is not restricted to climatically favourable years (i.e. is not episodic) but rather, is potentially on-going provided suitable microsites are available for seedling survival.
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Wood, Katherine E. A., Richard K. Kobe, Inés Ibáñez, and Sarah McCarthy-Neumann. "Tree seedling functional traits mediate plant-soil feedback survival responses across a gradient of light availability." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0293906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293906.
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1. Though not often examined together, both plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and functional traits have important influences on plant community dynamics and could interact. For example, seedling functional traits could impact seedling survivorship responses to soils cultured by conspecific versus heterospecific adults. Furthermore, levels of functional traits could vary with soil culturing source. In addition, these relationships might shift with light availability, which can affect trait values, microbe abundance, and whether mycorrhizal colonization is mutualistic or parasitic to seedlings. 2. To determine the extent to which functional traits mediate PSFs via seedling survival, we conducted a field experiment. We planted seedlings of four temperate tree species across a gradient of light availability and into soil cores collected beneath conspecific (sterilized and live) and heterospecific adults. We monitored seedling survival twice per week over one growing season, and we randomly selected subsets of seedlings to measure mycorrhizal colonization and phenolics, lignin, and NSC levels at three weeks. 3. Though evidence for PSFs was limited, Acer saccharum seedlings exhibited positive PSFs (i.e., higher survival in conspecific than heterospecific soils). In addition, soil microbes had a negative effect on A. saccharum and Prunus serotina seedling survival, with reduced survival in live versus sterilized conspecific soil. In general, we found higher trait values (measured amounts of a given trait) in conspecific than heterospecific soils and higher light availability. Additionally, A. saccharum survival increased with higher levels of phenolics, which were higher in conspecific soils and high light. Quercus alba survival decreased with higher AMF colonization. 4. We demonstrate that functional trait values in seedlings as young as three weeks vary in response to soil source and light availability. Moreover, seedling survivorship was associated with trait values for two species, despite both drought and heavy rainfall during the growing season that may have obscured survivorship-trait relationships. These results suggest that seedling traits could have an important role in mediating the effects of local soil source and light levels on seedling survivorship and thus plant traits could have an important role in PSFs.
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Eshetu, Reta, Mesafint Minale, and Abeje Tedila. "Assessment of Factors Hindering Seedling Survival at Ankober Woreda, North Shewa Zone." Forest Research: Open Access 12, no. 1 (2023): 4. https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.22.12.336.
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Tree planting in Ethiopia has been developed as a strategy to mitigate the negative effects of environmental change. However, this strategy has been challenged by failure or low survival of seedlings at field condition due to a number of factors. Hence, this study focused on assessing biotic, abiotic, and institutional factors that influence the survival of seedlings. The result revealed that 94.64 % of the respondents produced bare rooted seedlings; due to lack of plastic bag. According to respondents, factors that hinder seedling survival in the study area were: Insects (64%), frost (88%) and less attention given by government on pit digging and moisture retention preparation, seedling management and species selection without basic information. Therefore, special attention should be given on supplying, introducing and selecting tree species with basic information. Moreover, adequate management, proper follow up, monitoring and evaluation system must be designed to increase the survival rate of planted seedlings.
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Martinez, M. Luisa, and Patricia Moreno-Casasola. "Survival of seedling cohorts of a tropical legume on a sand dune system along the Gulf of Mexico: influence of germination date." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 11 (1993): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-172.
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Chamaecrista chamaecristoides is a legume endemic to the coastal sand dunes along the coasts of Mexico. Hard-coat dormancy of seeds is broken through naturally occurring temperature fluctuations, and seedlings can emerge and establish throughout the year. In the study site, winter storms (called Nortes) are responsible for moving large quantities of sand that bury young seedlings. The objectives of the study were (i) to elucidate the timing of seedling emergence, (ii) to investigate the effect of date of emergence on seedling survival, and (iii) to evaluate different factors of mortality. Seedling survival was monitored under natural conditions, from January 1988 to April 1991. Survivorship curves were compared using the log-rank Peto and Peto test. It was found that the probability of survival or reproduction was not strictly determined by chronological age but by size. Larger sized seedlings survived better during the Nortes. Timing of germination has a great impact on C. chamaecristoides populations, since it affects seedling growth possibilities and thus survival and reproduction. In a changing environment like the sand dunes, there seems to be a selective advantage for maintaining cohorts germinating during different seasons of the year. Key words: tropical sand dunes, seedling survival, Gulf of Mexico, cohorts, seedling size.
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Roden, Michael J., and Phillip E. Reynolds. "Hexazinone site preparation improves black spruce seedling survival and growth." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 4 (1995): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71426-4.
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Granular (PRONONE 10G and 5G) and liquid (VELPAR L) hexazinone (1 to 4 kg ai ha−1) were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (loams, silt loams, and clay loams) to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim] competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, was completed in May and September 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for five growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, raspberry cover for three treatments remained less than that for controls. Survival of seedlings planted approximately one month after spring treatment was less than controls, but seedling height and stem diameter were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Survival and growth of seedlings planted approximately one year after spring treatment or nine months after fall treatment were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Fifth-year height and stem diameter of seedlings planted nine months after fall treatment were negatively correlated with raspberry height (r2 = 0.729, height and 0.745, diameter), decreasing as raspberry height increased. Over the five-year observation period, hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, but did affect seedling survival and growth. Spring treatment with PRONONE 10G (2 kg ai ha−1), with planting delayed by one year, provided the best treatment to achieve both optimal seedling survival and growth during plantation establishment. Key words: liquid hexazinone, granular hexazinone, site preparation, black spruce, growth parameters, seedling survival, raspberry competition
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Roden, Michael J., and Phillip E. Reynolds. "Site preparation with sulfonylurea herbicides improves black spruce seedling growth." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 1 (1996): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72080-1.
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Metsulfuron (ALLY or ESCORT), 36 and 72 g ai ha−1, and sulfometuron (OUST), 150 to 450 g ai ha−1, were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (silty clay loams and silty clays) to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim.] competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, occurred in May and August 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for five growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, raspberry height was less in many treatments than in controls. Survival of seedlings planted one month after spring treatment was less than controls, and no significant height or stem diameter increases were observed. Growth and survival of seedlings planted approximately one year after spring treatment were greater than that of control seedlings. Fifth-year stem diameter of these seedlings, planted after site preparation with sulfometuron, was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.715) with raspberry height, decreasing as raspberry height increased. Survival of seedlings planted after some summer treatments was also less than controls, and no significant growth increases were noted for seedlings planted after site preparation with sulfometuron. Summer treatment with metsulfuron was more efficacious and resulted in greater seedling growth than spring treatment; however, greater seedling survival occurred after spring treatment. We conclude that spring treatment with sulfometuron (300 g ai ha−1), with planting delayed by one year, provided the optimal treatment to achieve maximal seedling survival and growth during plantation establishment. Black spruce seedlings appear to benefit (i.e. enhanced survival or growth) from site preparation with these herbicides only when planting is delayed by several months following their use. Key words: metsulfuron, sulfometuron, site preparation, black spruce, growth parameters, seedling survival, raspberry competitition
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Moore, James A., Zhaofei Fan, and Bahman Shafii. "Effect of Root-Plug Incorporated Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Two-Year Growth and Survival of Planted Ponderosa Pine Seedlings." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 17, no. 4 (2002): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/17.4.216.
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Abstract Three controlled-release fertilizers (fast release [FR], moderate release [MR], and slow release [SR]) were incorporated in the root plug at rates of 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 g/seedling at the time of sowing as supplements to nursery supplied soluble fertilizer. Effects on seedling growth, survival, and foliar nutrient status of the “160/90” container ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were evaluated after outplanting. At the end of the second growing season, fertilized seedlings had significantly greater diameter and height than unfertilized seedlings. The 3.2 g of MR or SR fertilizer treatments produced significantly higher mortality (55 and 36%, respectively) than the controls. The fast release fertilizer included at a rate of 0.8 g in each seedling's container was the preferred treatment since it produced good survival and seedling growth response. A 2-yr growth response of about 25% was similar to that observed in a nearby study using adjacent placement of controlled-release fertilizer after planting ponderosa pine seedlings. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):216–219.
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Castro, Jorge, and Alexandro Leverkus. "Effect of Herbaceous Layer Interference on the Post-Fire Regeneration of a Serotinous Pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) across Two Seedling Ages." Forests 10, no. 1 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010074.
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Herbaceous vegetation is a major source of interference with the regeneration of woody species. This is particularly the case after forest fires, as a dense herbaceous layer usually regenerates naturally. Although the competitive effect of the herbaceous vegetation upon tree seedlings has been widely studied, there are still gaps in knowledge for management related to the effect of tree seedling age and size on the outcome of the interaction. In this study, we seek to determine the response of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) seedlings to herbaceous competition at two different seedling ages. For that, two treatments of herbaceous competition were implemented, namely unweeded (no action around pine seedlings) and weeded (herbaceous cover removed around pine seedlings). Treatments were conducted twice (2 and 4 years after the fire), and we monitored seedling survival and growth at the end of each growing season. The treatments were implemented across three adjacent landscape units that differed in the management of burned wood and that are representative of common post-fire scenarios: no intervention, salvage logging, and an intermediate degree of intervention. Weeding increased seedling survival from 44.7% to 67.8% when seedlings were 2 years old, but had no effect for four-year-old seedlings, which showed 99% survival. Seedling growth also increased in the weeding treatment, but only slightly. Moreover, growth (and survival for two-year-old seedlings) was strongly correlated with initial seedling size, particularly in the case of two-year-old seedlings. Initial pine seedling height was strongly and positively correlated with the height of the herbaceous layer, supporting the existence of microsite features that promote plant growth above competitive effects. The results support that management actions conducive to foster post-fire pine forest restoration in this Mediterranean ecosystem should reduce herbaceous competition at early stages after fire (second or third year) and focus on larger seedlings.
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Li, Jian, and Xiuhai Zhao. "Modification of Density Dependence and Habitat Filtering on Seedling Survival of Different Mycorrhizal-Type Tree Species in Temperate Forests." Forests 14, no. 9 (2023): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091919.
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Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) and habitat filtering are critical to seedling survival. However, the relative importance of the two processes in affecting survival of seedlings with different types of mycorrhizae remains unclear. In this study, the effects of CNDD and habitat filtering on the survival of tree seedlings with different mycorrhizal types were investigated at different successional stages of a temperate forest in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve, Northeast China. Conspecific negative density dependence and habitat filtering significantly affected seedling survival. In the early successional stage, the interactions between conspecific neighbor tree density and light availability and soil properties significantly negatively affected survival of all species and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) seedlings in the community, but not that of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) seedlings, and the CNDD effect was stronger on AM seedlings than on EcM seedlings. In the mid-successional stage, CNDD effects were stronger on EcM seedlings. Therefore, different types of mycorrhizal seedlings responded differently to CNDD and habitat filtering mechanisms during community succession, and thus, tree mycorrhizal association could determine the effects of CNDD and habitat filtering on seedling survival in temperate forests.
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Latva-Karjanmaa, Tarja, Leena Suvanto, Kari Leinonen, and Hannu Rita. "Emergence and survival of Populus tremula seedlings under varying moisture conditions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 11 (2003): 2081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-129.
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Aspen produces large numbers of seeds, even though it mainly reproduces asexually with root suckers. The aim of this study was to find out how different moisture conditions affect emergence and survival of Populus tremula L. seedlings. This was studied with a sowing experiment (totally randomized factorial design). There were altogether 10 blocks, each containing 16 microsites and three treatments (sowing time, watering, sowing shelter) replicated twice in each block. Seedlings emerged on 56% of microsites. Sowing time affected seedling emergence. Both the proportion of microsites with seedlings and the number of seedlings per microsite were lower after first than after second sowing, when the weather was rainier. Watering increased the number of seedlings per microsite, but the proportion of micro sites with at least one seedling was not affected. Sowing shelter had a negative effect on the seedling emergence, especially after second sowing. The survival of seedlings was low (10%) and strongly dependent on watering. The effect of block and its interactions with treatments indicated that seedling emergence and survival depended also on seedbed conditions. We conclude that sexual reproduction of aspen may occur in nature, but it is rare. The seeds also maintained their germinability longer than earlier observed.
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Marler, Thomas E. "Below-Plant Mirrors Improve Serianthes Seedling Survival and Growth in Shade." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (2024): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081854.
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Recruitment failures of Serianthes nelsonii are among the threats to this species’ recovery, yet adaptive management research to understand the causes of seedling mortality is lacking. Insufficient available light in the in situ forest floor is one factor that may be involved, and below-plant reflection of incident light may improve seedling survival. Mirrors were placed beneath S. nelsonii, Serianthes grandiflora, and Serianthes kanehirae seedlings in container nursery conditions and S. grandiflora seedlings in a closed-canopy forest to determine the influence of the additional reflected light on seedling survival and growth. Below-plant mirrors increased nursery seedling survival for S. nelsonii and S. kanehirae, with 75% combined survival without mirrors and 88% combined survival with mirrors. Below-plant mirrors increased stem height by 51% for the three species, with greater stem diameter and ending leaf number also occurring for plants with mirrors. Below-plant mirrors increased S. grandiflora seedling survival to 161% and longevity to 236% compared to plants without mirrors under forest cover. The plants receiving mirrors also increased by 175% in height, 60% in stem diameter, and 117% in leaf number compared to the plants without mirrors. These findings indicate that passive solar engineering by exploiting below-plant light reflection may be used as a Serianthes conservation protocol to improve seedling survival and growth under shaded conditions.
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Minore, Don, and Howard G. Weatherly. "Effects of Site Preparation on Douglas-Fir Seedling Growth and Survival." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 2 (1990): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/5.2.49.
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Abstract The effects of five yarding-slash treatment combinations on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) growth and survival were compared by obtaining seedling heights, potential seedling heights, survival percentages, soil-penetration resistances, and the occurrence of visible soil-humus for 149 progeny-test plantations in western Oregon. Survival was not improved by mechanical site preparation, and seedlings grown on the compacted, low-humus soils associated with piling slash off site did not grow as tall during their first 5 years as seedlings growing on similar sites where slash had been broadcast-burned. Tilling (disking or ripping) did not benefit seedling height growth. West. J. Appl. For. 5(2):49-51, April 1990.
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Wani, Muneeb Ahmad, Faheemullah Khan, Ambreena Din, Imtiyaz Tahir Nazki, Shameen Iqbal, and Neelofar Banday. "Elucidating the Impact of Priming Substrates on Seedling Survival and Seed Quality of China Aster." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08750.
Full textAbstract:
Germination and seed quality of China aster are crucial features that affect seedling survival and establishment when seeded directly in a field. Moreover, freak weather events in changing climate scenarios and biotic stress have often resulted in poor seedling quality and survival of China aster. Subsequently, the impact of a range of priming techniques on germination, seedling survival and growth of cv. Powderpuff of China aster newly introduced in Kashmir valley was scrutinized at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory. Seeds were subjected to two treatment methods (3 hydro-priming and 2 halo-priming), constituting a total of six treatment combinations (T0–T5) in CRD (completely randomized design), with four replications. The analyzed variables were seedling survival percentage, germination percentage, seedling collar diameter, seedling fresh weight, shoot–root ratio and the number of leaves/seedling. The analyzed data on the influence of priming treatments on germination percentage are depicted, showing that different priming agents have a significant influence on pre- and post-germination attributes. Significantly, maximum germination percentage (87.50%), seedling survival percentage (81.95), seedling fresh weight (0.0031 g), seedling collar diameter (0.101 cm), number of leaves seedling−1 (7.01) and shoot–root ratio (1.044) were recorded in treatment T5 (2% KNO3 18 h) and minimum (42.50) in case of control (T0), i.e., un-primed seeds. Halo-conditioning with KNO3 for 12 h significantly improved germination percentage, seedling survival percentage, seedling diameter, leaf number per seedling and shoot–root ratio. In conclusion, KNO3 played a vital role in the establishment and survival of seedlings in the field, under Kashmir conditions.
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Repáč, I., A. Tučeková, I. Sarvašová, and J. Vencurik. "Survival and growth of outplanted seedlingsof selected tree species on the High Tatra Mts. windthrow area after the first growing season." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 8 (2011): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/130/2010-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
Bareroot and containerized seedlings (seedling type) of Norway spruce, Scots pine, European larch, European beech, and sycamore maple were outplanted in autumn 2008 and in spring 2009. Roots of a half of the seedlings were dipped into the commercial fungal product Ectovit prior to spring outplanting. Fifty seedlings were planted for each tree species and seedling type in each of 3 treatments (Autumn, Spring, Spring+Ectovit) and 3 replications (4,500 seedlings in total). Eighty-one per cent of containerized and 75% of bareroot seedlings (most &ndash; 89% of bareroot spruce, least &ndash; 59% of bareroot pine seedlings) survived after the first growing season. Planting time and Ectovit did not have a marked effect on survival, with the exception of the lower survival of containerized beech and spruce in autumn than in spring. The most extensive damage caused by game and mechanical weed control was found out in both broadleaves; most of the dry leading shoots occurred in beech. Besides beech, higher annual height increment of seedlings was observed in autumn than in spring planting time. Effect of Ectovit on seedling growth was not obvious. &nbsp;
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Weekley, Carl W., Eric S. Menges, and Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio. "Seedling emergence and survival of Warea carteri (Brassicaceae), an endangered annual herb of the Florida Scrub." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 7 (2007): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-061.
Full textAbstract:
Seedling emergence and survival to flowering are critical processes in the life history of annual plants. We evaluated the importance of year and habitat on seedling emergence and the effects of year, habitat, timing of seedling emergence, and seedling density on survival of Warea carteri Small, an annual mustard endemic to Florida scrub. We tagged 1329 seedlings in 78 permanent 0.25 m2 quadrats in two habitats (scrub and disturbed) between 1999 and 2002 and followed seedlings monthly. Most (>80%) seedling emergence occurred between September and December. Emergence peaked 2 months earlier and was more variable in disturbed sites than in scrub. Seedling survival among years ranged from 3.5% to 12.0%. Seedling density varied from 1 to 75 per 0.25 m2 quadrat, with an overall median of 6.0. Survival was not density dependent. Median age at flowering ranged from 11.7 to 15.2 months, with late season recruits most likely to survive to flowering. Warea carteri recruits like a winter annual but flowers like a summer annual. Its delayed germination and a 12–15 month life span contribute to population cycling. Complete reproductive failure in unfavorable years, high seed production in favorable years, low rates of seed germination, and a persistent seed bank are consistent with predictions for an annual species in a variable habitat.
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South, David B., J. B. Zwolinski, and D. G. M. Donald. "Interactions among seedling diameter grade, weed control, and soil cultivation for Pinusradiata in South Africa." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 10 (1993): 2078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-259.
Full textAbstract:
A study was established in the southern Cape Province, South Africa, to examine survival and growth in response to seedling grade and various methods of site preparation. Second-year performance was examined in relation to (i) initial groundline diameter, (ii) intensity of weed control, and (iii) method of soil cultivation. Weeds were controlled with (i) manual release 1 year after planting (the standard method used by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) or (ii) total weed control for 1 year involving the use of herbicides and additional hoeing. Soil cultivation treatments included (i) pitting by hand, (ii) pitting with a mechanical auger, (iii) ripping, and (iv) ripping plus disking. The influence of initial seedling diameter on survival was significant. Seedlings with a 2-mm groundline diameter averaged 62% survival, whereas 5-mm seedlings averaged 85% survival. Use of large-diameter stock improved survival regardless of soil cultivation or weed control treatments. For survival, there was an interaction between soil cultivation treatments and the use of herbicides. Total weed control with herbicides and hoeing improved survival for plots that received ripping or disking treatments. However, seedling survival was decreased where herbicides were used on plots where pits were used. On average, seedlings with larger diameters grew better than those with smaller diameters. However, small-diameter seedlings with total weed control grew better than large-diameter seedlings with standard weed control. Average seedling volume after 2 years was 33% greater for high-grade seedlings (2.4 dm3) than for low-grade seedlings (1.8 dm3). However, there were interactions between soil cultivation and weed control treatments for height and diameter growth. With the standard method of weed control, ripping improved height and diameter growth. Total weed control with herbicides and hoeing greatly improved growth for all treatments, and as a result, little or no differences in average seedling volume were observed between pitting and ripping treatments.
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Liu, Jia, and Donggang Guo. "Natural Regeneration Pattern and Driving Factors of Mixed Forest in the Reclaimed Area of Antaibao Open-Pit Coal Mine, Pingshuo." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4525. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084525.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted at a fixed monitoring site in the southern dump of the large-scale Antaibao open-pit coal mine of China Coal Pingshuo, using long-term monitoring methods. Based on data from 2019 and 2024 in the reclaimed area of the Pingshuo open-pit coal mine, all seedlings and saplings within the Robinia pseudoacacia L. + Ulmus pumila L. + Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle mixed forests were studied to analyze changes in their abundance and the driving factors influencing their survival rates from 2019 to 2024. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The species composition of seedlings and saplings remained unchanged but the number of seedlings increased significantly. The majority of newly recruited seedlings were U. pumila., accounting for 92.22% of the total new seedlings, whereas R. pseudoacacia had the highest mortality rate among seedlings. The distribution patterns of seedling-to-sapling transition, sapling-to-tree transition, and seedling–sapling mortality were generally consistent with the overall distribution of seedlings and saplings at the community level. (2) At both the community and species levels, the optimal models for seedling and sapling survival were the height model and the biological factor model. Overall, survival rates of both seedlings and saplings showed a significant positive correlation with height. (3) The biological factors affecting the survival of U. pumila saplings were the basal area (BA) at breast height and the number of conspecific adult trees. The former was significantly negatively correlated with U. pumila seedling survival, while the latter was positively correlated. For R. pseudoacacia seedlings, the key biological factors were the number of heterospecific adult trees and the number of heterospecific seedlings. The former was significantly negatively correlated with survival, whereas the latter was significantly positively correlated. The primary factor influencing sapling survival was sapling height, which showed a significant positive correlation.
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Harayama, Hisanori, Ikutaro Tsuyama, Mitsutoshi Kitao, et al. "Effects of Seedling Size, Stock Type, and Mechanical Site Preparation Method on Initial Survival and Growth of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Seedlings." Forests 14, no. 4 (2023): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040784.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to understand the characteristics of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) seedlings that allow them to grow vigorously after planting and quickly exceed the height of surrounding vegetation, resulting in lower weeding costs. Seven stock types, including bareroot and container-grown seedlings, were planted in two plots with different mechanical-site-preparation (MSP) methods and evaluated for survival, height, and root collar diameter (RCD) for four consecutive years. Three-year-old bareroot seedlings, which were one year older and larger than normal, had low survival rates in the mulcher MSP. Initial seedling height significantly differed among the seven stock types, while almost no significant differences were observed after four growing seasons. Model analyses showed that initial seedling height and RCD had a significant effect on seedling height after planting until the second growing season, while the effect of planted seedling age and plot became increasingly significant after the third growing season. The difference in seedling type, bareroot versus container-grown seedlings, had no effect on the seedling height during the four growing seasons after planting. A decision tree analysis suggests that the seedlings with sufficiently large RCD and young age, regardless of seedling type, can grow taller than surrounding vegetation more quickly.
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Li, Tianxiang, Xue Li, Chuping Wu, Yuping Zhong, Mingjian Yu, and Jinliang Liu. "Herbivory Rather than Root Competition and Environmental Factors Determines Plant Establishment in Fragmented Forests." Forests 13, no. 5 (2022): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050767.
Full textAbstract:
In fragmented forests, many factors can affect plant community establishment, including abiotic factors, below-ground root competition, aboveground seed predation, and seedling herbivory. Little is known about the relative effects of biotic and abiotic factors affecting the initial stage of seedling establishment: seed gemmation and early seedling survival. Here, we carried out a root competition exclusion experiment and a herbivory (including seed predation) exclusion experiment on 11 islands in Thousand Island Lake, China, using four native woody plant species that differed in functional traits (e.g., seed mass and dominance). The dominant species on islands showed the highest seedling survival, and there was no significant linear relationship between the proportion of surviving seedlings and island area under either treatment for any species. Compared to the control and excluding root competition treatments, excluding seed predation and herbivory significantly increased seedling survival after controlling for the environmental factors. However, abiotic factors had no effect on early seedling establishment. Our results suggest that seedling regeneration of rare species in fragmented ecosystems may be limited and that seedlings may be more susceptible to predators and herbivores in fragmented ecosystems. These results have significant implications for the conservation of plant diversity in fragmented forests.
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Hallgren, S. W., and C. G. Tauer. "Root Growth Potential, First-Year Survival, and Growth of Shortleaf Pine Seedlings Show Effects of Life Date, Storage, and Family." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 4 (1989): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/13.4.163.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Root growth potential (RGP), and first-year field survival and growth of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings were significantly affected by lift date, storage, and family. Seedlings lifted in December and January showed highest RGP, survival, and growth. Storage for 28 daysalways reduced survival and growth, and the effect was greatest for late-lifted seedlings. However, for late planting, the difference in performance between freshly lifted seedlings and earlier lifted and stored seedlings may be small. Large family differences existed for seasonal changesin RGP and survival, suggesting separate management by family may be beneficial. The presence of a terminal bud and secondary needles showed little value in predicting seedling performance, whereas RGP and number of primary lateral roots were strongly correlated with seedling survival. South.J. Appl. For. 13(4):163-169.
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Valverde-Barrantes, OJ, JA Hogan, and OJ Rocha. "EFFECTS OF CANOPY OPENNESS ON SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND GROWTH AFTER SELECTIVE LOGGING IN A MONODOMINANT LOWLAND SWAMP FOREST IN COSTA RICA." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE 34, no. 1 (2022): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26525/jtfs2022.34.1.34.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanism proposed to explain tree monodominance in tropical forests is that the dominant species forms a dense canopy and produces shade-tolerant seedlings, which together favor selfreplacement. Under this hypothesis, seedlings of monodominant species should have limited ability to respond to drastic increases in understory light, like those resulting from logging. Therefore, monodominant species should lose their seedling dominance after logging-induced canopy opening. To test this hypothesis, the current study measured seedling survival and growth of the monodominant species, Prioria copaifera, and its main competitor, Pentaclethra macroloba, in two forest stands that differ in logging history and in an unlogged stand in southeastern Costa Rica. Although, growth rates and survival of previously established seedlings were similar for both species across the three stands, seedling survival and growth decreased as light increased, with the effect being more pronounced for Prioria than for Pentaclethra. The study also investigated the ability of Prioria to respond to changing light environments by transplanting seedlings into logging-induced canopy gaps. Contrary to prediction, Prioria seedlings survived and grew better in gap centers than in gap edges or under a closed canopy. This result contrasts with established seedlings that cannot acclimate to changes in light conditions. Therefore, we conclude that continued Prioria dominance in selectively logged forests depends more on seedling production after canopy disturbance than on the established seedling present before disturbances.
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Reynolds, Phillip E., and Michael J. Roden. "Short-term Performance of two hexazinone formulations: Efficacy, seedling survival and growth." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 2 (1995): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71228-2.
Full textAbstract:
Liquid (VELPAR L) and dry-flowable (VELPAR ULW) hexazinone (2 kg ai ha−1) were aerially applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim] competition. Treatments were applied in June 1987; planting with containerized (multipot) black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] was conducted 2 and 14 months after treatment in August 1987 and 1988. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly through August 1991. Hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, seedling survival, or growth. Five growing seasons after treatment, raspberry cover was generally less in treated plots than in controls. Seedling survival did not differ among treatments for seedlings planted at either time interval after hexazinone treatment. Seedlings planted 14 months after hexazinone treatment grew poorly compared with those planted 2 months after herbicide treatment. Stem volume of seedlings planted 2 months after hexazinone treatment exceeded that of control seedlings in the first growing season after planting and remained greater than that of control seedlings through 1991. Stem volume increases over controls were restricted to the second growing season after planting for seedlings planted 14 months after hexazinone treatment. Fourth-year stem volume of seedlings planted 2 months after hexazinone treatment was correlated with raspberry cover (r2 = 0.34). As raspberry cover increased, black spruce growth decreased. Key words: liquid hexazinone, dry-flowable hexazinone, site preparation, black spruce, multipot stock, seedling survival, stem volume, raspberry cover
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Battaglia, M., and JB Reid. "The Effect of Microsite Variation on Seed-Germination and Seedling Survival of Eucalyptus delegatensis." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 2 (1993): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930169.
Full textAbstract:
The correlation between microsite and seedling numbers was determined in field sowings, and the impact of microsites on germination and seedling survival tested in artificial seedbeds in the glasshouse. Small scale variation in soil conditions, at the scale of tens of centimetres, markedly affected the germination and establishment of Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T.Baker seeds and seedlings. Under conditions of limiting soil moisture, microsites that afforded protection, and probably resulted in increased humidity, caused a marked increase in germination number and rate. The mean survival time was significantly higher on these protected microsites than on less protected microsites, or on microsites that restricted root penetration. The importance of this variability in microtopography was strongly influenced by season and the level of environmental stress, and was diminished as seedlings aged. Due to the different requirements for seed germination and seedling growth, a favourable microsite for germination was not necessarily a favourable site for seedling survival. A comparison of seed and seedling responses to water stress indicated that for E. delegatensis, at least, selection due to microsite differences at the time of germination may not have an impact on the developmental characteristics of the seedlings.
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Sharma, Ajay, Bhupal Singh, and Krishan Kumar. "Survival is Critical in Clonal Plantation." Indian Journal of Forestry 28, no. 1 (2005): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2005-459pic.
Full textAbstract:
Allured by the potential productivity of clonal plants, various agencies including Forest Department are increasingly raising such plantation for boosting productivity of marginal forests and reclaiming degraded lands as well as other difficult sites. The ‘True to the type’ genotype of the clonal plantation dictates productivity but it is ensured by survival per cent in a plantation. In sites having a poor survival history, the well-perceived yield advantages of clonal plantations may dwindle significantly, if its survival dips. Comparison between 8.5-year-old clonal and seedling plantations in a site having deterring physical and chemical soil properties revealed poor survival of clonal plants. Thriving clonal plants grew as per the popular notions and accumulated non-significantly higher G50, GBH, height and wood biomass per plant than seedlings, till 7.5 years age. In ninth year, rising casualty in clonal plants reversed the growth pattern and higher wood biomass yield was observed in seedling plants. Also, GBH:G50 ratio, which usually indicated similar growth in clonal and seedling trees, titled in favour of seedling plans.
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Martínez-Baroja, Loreto, José María Rey-Benayas, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, and Pedro Villar-Salvador. "Drivers of oak establishment in Mediterranean old fields from 25-year-old woodland islets planted to assist natural regeneration." European Journal of Forest Research 141, no. 1 (2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01423-7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPlanted woodland islets can provide seeds for restoring forest ecosystems in Mediterranean old fields lacking seed sources, but other factors than seed arrival can also hinder the establishment of woody species. We experimentally examined factors affecting the emergence, survival, growth and recruitment of holm oak (Quercus ilex) seedlings juveniles from 25-year-old 100-m2 oak woodland islets planted in a Mediterranean old field. Wet springs and summers increased seedling emergence and survival. Distance to the islets per se did not affect seedling performance. However, emergence and survival increased in microsites close to the islets in less sun-exposed orientations of the islets and far from the islets in more sun-exposed orientations. Damage by wild boar reduced emergence, and unsheltered seedlings had 26% lower survival than sheltered ones, reflecting herbivory. Herb community biomass and light reduction by herbs increased with distance from nearest islet; the sparse herb cover around islets was due to competition from woodland islets, not to herbivory. There was a mismatch between the pattern of seedling survival and how the abundance of naturally recruited oaks varied with distance from the nearest islet; this suggests that other drivers can counteract the spatial pattern of seedling survival. We conclude that natural regeneration of Q. ilex in old fields from planted woodland islets is slow (5.7 seedlings ha−1 yr−1) due to acorn and seedling predation, and drought during spring and summer. Despite their small size, planted islets affected survival of oak juveniles depending on the orientation and distance relative to the islets.
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Labrecque, Michel, and Stevo Popovich. "Productions sous tunnel ou au champ: influence sur la survie de plants de chênes après plantation." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 5 (1990): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66494-5.
Full textAbstract:
The use of polyethylene covered greenhouse has proven to be an effective method to promote the growth of seedlings. Could this improvement of the rate of growth affect seedling quality and their field performance after planting? To test this hypothesis, experimental plantations were made with two species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx. and Q. rubra L.). Survival and growth in height after planting were compared between seedlings produced in one season under polyethylene or in two years in open field conditions. For both species, survival percentages of the greenhouse-cultivated stock were superior to those of the field-cultivated seedlings. Analysis of the variation of the survival percentages during weeks and months following outplantings leads us to believe that the field-cultivated seedlings are probably subjected to a greater transplanting shock. The production of large seedlings, in only one season under greenhouse condition, promotes the development of a more superficial root system. Root damage at lifting is less important and the chance of successful establishment after planting are improved. Key words: Greenhouse, plantation, Quercus sp., seedling production, seedling quality, survival.
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Boudreau, S., and M. J. Lawes. "Density- and distance-dependent seedling survival in a ballistically dispersed subtropical tree species Philenoptera sutherlandii." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 1 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740700466x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:We examine the density- and distance-dependent seedling survival of Philenoptera sutherlandii, a common pod-bearing and dehiscent legume (Fabaceae) in Ongoye Forest, South Africa. Short-range ballistic dispersal causes seed to fall beneath the parent tree, where density- or distance-dependent mortality effects are expected to be concentrated. One hundred and eighty marked seedlings were monitored in a 0.5-ha plot containing 30 adults. Our survival data do not support the escape hypothesis. Predation levels declined with increasing seedling density (positive density-dependent survival), but seedling survival after 15 mo was not distance-dependent. Nevertheless, a unimodal (hump-shaped) recruitment curve, typically associated with decreasing seedling density and increasing seedling survival with distance, was observed. In the context of ballistic dispersal, this recruitment curve may indicate a hump-shaped dispersal kernel with predator satiation at high seedling densities near a parent tree. This recruitment curve likely arises because generalized insect seedling predators while attracted to the adult trees also tend to forage farther away. Short dispersal distances, in turn generate the high densities needed to satiate seed and seedling predators. Predator satiation results in long-term survival rates in P. sutherlandii similar to more widely dispersed and less common tree species.
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Tuttle, C. L., D. B. South, M. S. Golden, and R. S. Meldahl. "Initial Pinustaeda seedling height relationships with early survival and growth." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 7 (1988): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-133.
Full textAbstract:
Initial planting height of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings from several nurseries and seed sources was related to survival and height growth on "good" and "poor" planting chances in Alabama. A planting chance was classified as poor if 2-year survival was less than 75% and total 2-year height growth was less than 75 cm. Seedling height (measured immediately following planting) was negatively related to survival, and the slope of the regression was four times greater when the planting chance was classified as poor than when it was classified as good. Initial height was also negatively related to 2-year height growth on poor planting chances, with shorter seedlings at planting reaching the same total height as taller ones after two seasons. As a result, initial field height on poor planting chances had little impact on total seedling height after two growing seasons. Therefore, there was no height growth advantage gained by planting seedlings taller than 20 cm when survival was less than 75%. Planting seedlings with heights of 20–34 cm was less of a problem when the planting chance was good. The use of shorter seedlings on planting chances where low survival may be expected may significantly increase loblolly pine seedling survival in the southern United States.
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Johnson, Daniel J., Richard Condit, Stephen P. Hubbell, and Liza S. Comita. "Abiotic niche partitioning and negative density dependence drive tree seedling survival in a tropical forest." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1869 (2017): 20172210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2210.
Full textAbstract:
In tropical tree communities, processes occurring during early life stages play a critical role in shaping forest composition and diversity through differences in species' performance. Predicting the future of tropical forests depends on a solid understanding of the drivers of seedling survival. At the same time, factors determining spatial and temporal patterns of seedling survival can play a large role in permitting species coexistence in diverse communities. Using long-term data on the survival of more than 45 000 seedlings of 238 species in a Neotropical forest, we assessed the relative importance of key abiotic and biotic neighbourhood variables thought to influence individual seedling survival and tested whether species vary significantly in their responses to these variables, consistent with niche differences. At the community level, seedling survival was significantly correlated with plant size, topographic habitat, neighbourhood densities of conspecific seedlings, conspecific and heterospecific trees and annual variation in water availability, in descending order of effect size. Additionally, we found significant variation among species in their sensitivity to light and water availability, as well as in their survival within different topographic habitats, indicating the potential for niche differentiation among species that could allow for species coexistence.
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Yeiser, J. L., and J. L. Paschke. "Regenerating Wet Sites with Bare-Root and Containerized Loblolly Pine Seedlings¹." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 1 (1987): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/11.1.52.
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Abstract Seedling survival on a 1983 planted test site with a perched water table was 99% for both containerized and bare-root seedlings planted in May after the perched water table receded and 15% for seedlings planted in February while soils were saturated. Also, differences in survival forMay 1984 plantings on an upland flatwoods site, a terrace along an ephemeral stream, and a river floodplain site, indicate that each site possesses inherent properties uniquely influencing seedling survival. After the perched water table had receded, first-year mean survival of containerized seedlings was 19% higher than for bare-root seedlings. Some families showed tolerance to excessive soil moisture and are probably well suited for general planting on wet sites. The higher cost of containerized seedlings can be justified if a replant or marginal survival can be avoided. SouthJ. Appl. For. 11(1): 52-56.
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Tobe, Kazuo, Xiaoming Li, and Kenji Omasa. "Effects of irrigation on seedling emergence and seedling survival of a desert shrub Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 6 (2005): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04210.
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Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey) Bunge (Chenopodiaceae) is a shrub occurring on desert sand dunes in China. Seedling emergence and seedling survival were investigated by sowing seeds at different depths (0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mm) in fine or coarse sand in pots irrigated under different regimes. Seed burial in sand was required for seedling establishment of this species. Seedling emergence depended greatly on seed burial depth, sand type, and irrigation regime; this appeared to be due to (1) seeds or seedlings suffering from oxygen or moisture deficiency depending on the air : moisture ratio in sand, and/or (2) higher moisture content in sand resulting in hardening of the sand and obstruction of seedling growth. Increased irrigation resulted in longer survival of emerging seedlings because sand was moistened more deeply, and moisture in deeper sand persisted longer. The results suggest that the infrequent and light precipitation common in desert environments is likely to cause germination of many of the buried seeds, but is insufficient for emerging seedlings to survive. It is suggested that water from melting snow in early spring is crucial in enabling seedling establishment of this species in the deserts of China.
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Akpalu, M. M., G. K. Ofosu-Budu, F. K. Kumaga, K. Ofori, and L. Mintah. "Field performance and survival of cocoa seedlings raised in different growing media." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 13, no. 1 (2021): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausae-2021-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The medium from which seedlings are transplanted influences seedling growth and survival on the field. The objective of the experiment was to compare how growing media affect the growth and survival of cocoa seedlings under field conditions. The seedlings were raised in both soil and soilless media and were transplanted on the field in June, when they were six months old. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three different growing media: 1. top soil, 2. sawdust + poultry manure + rice husk biochar (70%:25%:5%), and 3. sawdust + poultry manure + municipal solid waste compost (50%:35%:15%). The cocoa seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 3 m × 3 m at 12 plants per plot and each plot size measured 45 m × 45 m. Data were collected on plant height, leaf number, stem girth, leaf chlorophyll content, percentage of plants that shed their leaves, and percentage of survival. Results indicated that seedling survival at the onset and end of the dry season was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for seedlings transplanted from soilless media compared to those from the top soil treatment. Irrigation will be necessary to maintain high seedling survival when seedlings are transplanted from the top soil for a well-established plantation.
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Bellingham, P. J., and S. J. Richardson. "Tree seedling growth and survival over 6 years across different microsites in a temperate rain forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 4 (2006): 910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-308.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated whether canopy tree seedlings have different growth and mortality rates on different microsites in montane rain forests of the western South Island, New Zealand. Seedling relative height growth rates of three species, Podocarpus hallii, Quintinia acutifolia, and Weinmannia racemosa, were very low (mean = 0.037 cm·cm–1·year–1). Seedling growth rates were higher on logs than on the ground at high light levels, but the probability of seedling death on logs was also greater at high light levels. Seedling foliar N and P concentrations were generally not different between logs and the ground. Growth rates and foliar N concentrations of Quintinia and Weinmannia were greater for seedlings on tree fern trunks than for seedlings on the ground. Mortality rates did not differ between seedlings on tree fern trunks and seedlings on the ground. Seedling densities of Quintinia and Weinmannia were greater on logs and tree ferns than on the ground. Podocarpus densities were not different between logs and the ground, and this species did not occur on tree ferns. Quintinia and Weinmannia benefit from establishment on elevated microsites but this is not clearly the case for Podocarpus. Tree regeneration niches for such slow-growing species can only be determined through long-term studies.
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Simpson, David G., and Alan Vyse. "Planting stock performance: Site and RGP effects." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 6 (1995): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71739-6.
Full textAbstract:
Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco], interior spruce [Picea glauca Moench (Voss), Picea engelmannii (Parry) and their naturally occurring hybrids] and lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) seedlings were planted on several forest sites in south central British Columbia. At planting, root growth potential (number of newly elongated roots longer than 10 mm per seedling) was determined. Trees were assessed for survival and height for at least five years. Survival of Douglas-fir and growth of all three species was affected by planting site, probably reflecting moisture and growing season temperature differences among sites. High (> 70%) survival, but not total height or mean annual relative growth rate was associated with root growth potential levels greater than 10 new roots per seedling in interior spruce and lodgepole pine. Survival and growth of Douglas-fir were not related to root growth potential. Fertilization of interior spruce seedlings at planting decreased survival 18% over seven growing seasons, and did not affect growth of surviving seedlings. Key words: reforestation, root growth potential, seedling quality, Douglas-fir, interior spruce, lodgepole pine, field performance
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Zárate, Diego A., Ellen Andresen, and Carolina Santos-Heredia. "Seed fate and seedling recruitment in monkey latrines in rustic cocoa plantations and rain forest in southern Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, no. 1 (2018): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646741800041x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPrimates are important seed dispersers in natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems, but the latter scenario remains under-studied. The degree to which primates favour plant regeneration greatly depends on post-dispersal processes. The main objective of this study was to compare patterns of seed/seedling fate and seedling recruitment in two habitats of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra Lawrence 1933), rustic cocoa and rain forest, and two types of seed-deposition locations, monkey latrines and control locations. Field experiments were carried out within the non-overlapping home ranges of six monkey groups, three in cocoa and three in forest. Seed and seedling fates were assessed for one focal tree species, Brosimum lactescens. The probabilities of seed survival (0.52), germination (0.72), seedling establishment (0.73) and early seedling survival (0.38) were not affected by habitat or seed-deposition location. Late seedling survival was similar in the two habitats but was higher in control locations (0.22) than in latrines (0.09). In cocoa, 4641 seedlings of 59 species were recorded, in forest 3280 seedlings of 68 species. Seedling recruitment was similar in both habitats, but latrines had higher densities than control locations. The importance of agro-ecosystems with low management intensity for the maintenance of ecological processes in anthropogenic landscapes is discussed.
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Fried, Jeremy S., John C. Tappeiner II, and David E. Hibbs. "Bigleaf maple seedling establishment and early growth in Douglas-fir forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 10 (1988): 1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-189.
Full textAbstract:
Survival, age and height distributions, and stocking of bigleaf maple (Acermacrophyllum Pursh) seedlings were studied in 1- to 250-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in western Oregon to identify the stages in stand development in which bigleaf maple is most likely to establish successfully from seed. Maple seedling emergence averaged 30–40% where seeds were planted and protected from rodents but was typically <2% for unprotected seeds. Seedling survival after 2 years was highly dependent on canopy density, measured by percent sky. Average 1st-year survival of seedlings originating from planted, protected seeds was highest in clearcuts (1–2 years old, 36% survival, 56% sky) and pole-size stands (41–80 years old, 30% survival, 17% sky) with sparse understories and canopies. It was lowest in young stands with dense canopies (20–40 years old, 4% survival, 8% sky) and old stands (81–250 years old, 14% survival, 13% sky) with dense understories. Naturally regenerated populations of bigleaf maple seedlings, which occurred in aggregations (0.005–0.04 ha in area), were most abundant (up to 10 000/ha) in pole-size Douglas-fir stands. Although seedling size distributions within stands had a strongly inverse J shaped form, size distributions within aggregations appeared more normal (bell-shaped). Seedling age rarely exceeded 15 years. Seedlings grew slowly in the understory, often reaching only 25 cm in height after 8–10 years, and were intensively browsed by deer. Naturally regenerated seedlings were virtually absent from clearcuts, probably because of dense competing vegetation and lack of seed caused by poor dispersal and seed predation. The "window" for the most successful establishment of bigleaf maple seedlings appears to begin after canopy thinning and end before forbs and shrubs invade.
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Zhou, Fei, Nianjin Wang, Jinping Zhang, et al. "Formulation of substrates with agricultural and forestry wastes for Camellia oleifera Abel seedling cultivation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0265979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265979.
Full textAbstract:
Five Camellia oleifera Abel seedling substrates were prepared using the conventional formula, but with the peat substituted by the composts of Camellia oleifera shell, pine chips, palm fiber residues, chicken manure, and sheep manure. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared substrates before and after seedling cultivation were determined and their effects on the growth of Camellia oleifera seedling were analyzed. It was found that the survival rates of the one-year-old seedlings produced from stem cuttings on all substrates at 6 months were greater than 97.5%. As compared with the conventional substrate, the substrates formulated with the composts were able to promote the seedling growth based upon height, ground diameter, root length and root volume measurement. The substrate prepared with the compost of Camellia oleifera shell+ palm fiber residue+ chicken manure (A3), vermiculite and perlite (6:3:1) was the most optimal, which gave 100% seedling survival rate, the greatest seedling height, and the largest ground diameter. In particular, the ground diameters and 26.67% of the seedling heights reached the grade 1 standard for two-year-old seedlings.
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Daisuke, Hattori, Kenzo Tanaka, Kendawang Joseph Jawa, Ninomiya Ikuo, and Sakurai Katsutoshi. "Rehabilitation of Degraded Tropical Rainforest Using Dipterocarp Trees in Sarawak, Malaysia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/683017.
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To develop rehabilitation planting techniques in tropical degraded forests, we investigated (1) basic soil characteristics and light conditions; (2) growth and survival of seven dipterocarp seedlings over 81 months; and (3) the effect of environmental factors on the survival of seedlings grown in three degraded vegetations (grassland, secondary forest, and logged forest) in Sarawak, Malaysia. The soil was weakly acidic, and kaolin minerals dominated. The amount of exchangeable bases in surface soils, soil temperature (>35°C), and relative light intensity were all highest in the grassland. Seedling growth was also highest in the grassland, whereas many seedlings died there over 81 months. Growth and survivability were very similar in secondary and logged forests. The death of the seedlings in the grassland was attributable to an extremely high light intensity for all species. In contrast, the seedling growth rate in all species was also enhanced by light intensity. In conclusion, dipterocarp seedlings can be planted on highly degraded land such as grassland, although high light intensity limits their survival. Planting under nurse trees such as regenerated pioneer trees may be an effective method to enhance seedling survival under open conditions such as grassland.
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Reynolds, Phillip E., and Michael J. Roden. "Short-Term Performance of Three Hexazinone Formulations: Efficacy, Seedling Survival, and Growth." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 1 (1996): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/13.1.41.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Granular (PRONONE 10G and 5G) and liquid (VELPAR L) hexazinone (1 to 4 kg ai/ha) were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (loams, silt loams, and clay loams) to reduce raspberry competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, occurred in May and September 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for 5 growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, seedling survival, or growth. Raspberry cover for the 4 kg ai/ha treatment and for fall treatments remained less than that for controls. Survival of seedlings planted approximately 1 month after spring treatment was less than controls, but seedling stem volume was greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Survival and stem volume of seedlings planted approximately 1 yr after spring treatment or 9 months after fall treatment were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Best survival and growth occurred for seedlings planted 1 yr after spring treatment. Fifth-year stem volume for these seedlings was correlated with raspberry cover (r2 = 0.35), decreasing as raspberry cover increased. We conclude that the use of the PRONONE 10G formulation offers operational advantages over the liquid formulation. North. J. Appl. For. 13(1):41-45.