Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seedling toxicity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Seedling toxicity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seedling toxicity"

1

Singh, Megh, and Wondimagegnehu Mersie. "Metalaxyl Toxicity to Citrus with or without Herbicides." Weed Technology 7, no. 2 (1993): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027962.

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The response of potted ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin citrus seedlings to metalaxyl applied as a mixture with metolachlor, simazine, or bromacil, or as a sequential application after the herbicides was investigated under screen house conditions. The soils were drenched with herbicides at 2.5 ppmw (mg kg−1 soil dry wt basis) in tank-mixes with metalaxyl or metalaxyl was applied as a soil drench at 5, 50, and 250 ppmw 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after herbicide application. Citrus seedling response to treatment was dependent on the presence or absence of herbicide, metalaxyl concentration, and the time following application. Fresh weights of citrus treated with 5 ppmw metalaxyl after herbicide application were no different from those treated with the mixture. Metalaxyl at 5 and 50 ppmw alone or with metolachlor did not affect citrus seedling fresh weight. However, delaying metalaxyl application at 50 ppmw by 3 or 4 wk after simazine and bromacil increased citrus seedling fresh weight as compared with the tank-mix. Separate applications of metalaxyl at 250 ppm reduced citrus seedling fresh weight less than the mixture for all the herbicides.
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Anuradha, S., and S. S. R. Rao. "The effect of brassinosteroids on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings growing under cadmium stress." Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 11 (2008): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2307-pse.

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The effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on seed germination and seedling growth of radish (<I>Raphanus sativus</I> L.) was studied under cadmium toxicity. The impact of brassinosteroids (BRs) on free proline levels and the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbic peroxidase (APOX; EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.7) in radish seedlings under Cd toxicity was evaluated. The effect of BRs on the activity of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO; EC 1.10.3.3) and lipid peroxidation in radish seedlings challenged with Cd stress was also investigated. BRs supplementation alleviated the toxic effect of the heavy metal and increased the percentage of seed germination and seedling growth. Out of the two substances, HBL was found to be more effective than EBL in stress alleviation. HBL (3µM) alleviated the toxic effect of the heavy metal and increased the percentage of seed germination by 57% over Cd and 20% over unstressed control. Similarly supplementation of HBL (3µM) caused an increase of 156%, 78% and 91% in length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling, respectively, over Cd treatment alone. The amelioration of seedling growth by BRs under metal toxicity was associated with enhanced levels of free proline. The activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, APOX and GPX were increased in the seedlings from treatments with Cd along with BRs. Brassinosteroid treatment reduced the activity of POD and AAO in heavy metal stressed seedlings. Lipid peroxidation induced by Cd was found reduced with the supplementation of BRs. The results obtained in the study clearly indicated the ameliorative influence of brassinosteroids on the inhibitory effect of Cd toxicity.
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Salifu, K. F., and V. R. Timmer. "Optimizing nitrogen loading of Picea mariana seedlings during nursery culture." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 7 (2003): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-057.

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Plant growth and nutrient uptake response to increased fertilization can be conceptually described by cur vi linear relationships depicting phases of nutrient deficiency, sufficiency, luxury consumption, and toxicity to rationalize fertilizer prescriptions and improve nutrient diagnosis. We validated this model to determine optimum nitrogen storage of young black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). Container seedlings were supplied with a mixed nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (N–P–K) fertilizer at rates ranging from 0 to 80 mg N/seedling and reared in a greenhouse for one growing season. Plant growth and nutritional parameters of the plants exhibited classic responses of N deficiency, luxury consumption, and toxicity that were corroborated by vector diagnosis and appeared consistent with the conceptual model. Seedling biomass production was maximized at sufficiency (30 mg N/seedling), whereas N content of tissues peaked at the optimum loading rate (64 mg N/seedling). Toxicity occurred at the 80 mg N/seedling dose rate that increased plant N concentration (5%) but reduced growth (17%) and N content (14%) relative to the optimum level. Plant N content was raised 150% by optimum loading, exemplifying the effectiveness of this practice for building internal N reserves prior to planting. The newly validated model will help refine fertilizer recommendations and nutrient diagnosis for other species or cultural systems.
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Bakiyaraj, R., T. Mahakavi, and L. Baskaran. "Chromium Toxicity in Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr." International Letters of Natural Sciences 9 (February 2014): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.9.66.

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Chromium is one of the most common toxic metals present in the environment that induces various toxic effects in plants. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chromium on germination percentage, seedling growth, chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and proline content of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. The seedlings were treated with different concentrations of control, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g kg-1 of chromium. The parameters such as germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight dry weight, chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and proline content of leaves were measured. Our results indicated that a significant inhibitory effect was observed at all levels of chromium compared to control. Increasing the concentration of chromium to 1.00 g kg-1 showed a significant decrease in seed germination, shoot and root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ content of plant. While proline, catalase and peroxidase contents were increased by increasing Cr concentration. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
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Cumming, Jonathan R., and Leonard H. Weinstein. "Nitrogen source effects on Al toxicity in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinus rigida) seedlings. I. Growth and nutrition." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 12 (1990): 2644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-334.

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Previous studies indicated that the association of Pisolithus tinctorius with pitch pine (Pinus rigida) seedling roots prevented Al toxicity from developing when seedlings were exposed to 200 μM Al in sand culture. The ectomycorrhizal fungus reduced seedling Al uptake and maintained P nutrition when seedlings were cultured on one-quarter strength Johnson's solution containing 3.5 and 0.5 mM [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. To broaden the scope of these findings, nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings were grown on one-quarter strength Johnson's solution modified to contain [Formula: see text], NH4NO3, or [Formula: see text]. Seedlings were exposed to 0 or 200 μM Al for 6 weeks. Reductions in seedling height growth rate and final shoot weight in response to Al occurred in nonmycorrhizal seedlings grown with [Formula: see text]. Root weights were consistently reduced by Al under all N-source combinations. Increasing proportions of [Formula: see text], in the nutrient solution increased cation accumulation in roots and shoots and depressed tissue anion concentrations. The coprecipitation of Al and Pi in roots of Al-treated seedlings further limited P availability in this treatment. Mycorrhizal infection maintained growth and foliar P levels under Al exposure, suggesting that Al-induced P limitation was a critical factor in nonmycorrhizal seedlings grown on primarily [Formula: see text]-based nutrient solutions. Key words: Pinus rigida, ectomycorrhizal, aluminium toxicity, nitrogen source.
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Nosko, Peter, and Kenneth A. Kershaw. "The influence of pH on the toxicity of a low concentration of aluminum to white spruce seedlings." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 7 (1992): 1488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-186.

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Week-old white spruce seedlings were grown for 7 days at pH 4.5, 3.9, 3.65, or 3.5 using a continuous flow system to deliver experimental solutions. At each pH, seedlings received either no aluminum or 10 μM Al, a concentration 2 – 3 orders of magnitude lower than the reported minimum Al concentrations required to induce toxicity symptoms in seedlings of a variety of tree species. In – Al treatments, root elongation was reduced at pH 3.9 and root dry weight was reduced at pH 3.5, compared with seedlings grown at pH 4.5. Exposure to 10 μM Al caused further reduction of root growth, the magnitude of which increased as pH decreased. This suggests that seedling root growth was affected by the increased proportion of the total Al existing as phytotoxic Al3+ at lower pH values or by an interaction of Al3+ and H+. Neither pH nor Al affected shoot growth. Both acidity and Al could limit natural regeneration of white spruce by preventing seedling establishment. Key words: aluminum toxicity, soil acidity, forest decline, white spruce, Picea glauca, forest regeneration.
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Duke, N. C., K. A. Burns, and O. Dalhaus. "EFFECTS OF OILS AND DISPERSED-OILS ON MANGROVE SEEDLINGS IN PLANTHOUSE EXPERIMENTS: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS TWO MONTHS AFTER OIL TREATMENTS." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97039.

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The effects of oil and dispersed-oil treatments on mangrove seedlings, grown in artificial tidal systems in tropical north-eastern Australia, were assessed two months after application. Seedling mortality was used as a measure of treatment toxicity. All oils and dispersed-oils were toxic to mangrove seedlings although the effect of Bunker C was quite low. Overall, oils and dispersed-oils were ordered by increasing toxicity: Bunker C fuel, Arabian Light crude, Gippsland Light crude, Thevenard crude, and Woodside condensate. Toxicity of oils correlated with viscosity, where low toxicity of the heavy fuel oil (3 per cent mortality) stood in marked contrast with high levels of mortality scored for very light crude oils, Thevenard (73 per cent) and Woodside (85 percent). Mangrove species were ordered by their overall increased vulnerability to oils and dispersed-oils as, Ceriops spp., Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum. As expected, higher doses (2.0 L/m2) showed an overall increase of 30 per cent mortality compared with lower doses (0.2 L/m2). However, values for each grouping of seedlings varied widely, indicating possible synergistic effects of different environmental factors. Despite this, at least one other pattern was evident. Dispersed-oil treatments were usually less toxic to mangrove seedlings than undispersed oils, particularly for high doses. This result needs to be further assessed, but it is of interest that added dispersant did not usually result in increased seedling mortality. We will re-evaluate all findings once experiments are completed.
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Kaya, Demir, Suay Bayramin, Gamze Kaya, and Oguzhan Uzun. "Seed vigor and ion toxicity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings produced by various seed sizes under NaCl stress." Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 3 (2011): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1103723k.

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Safflower is an important oilseed crop and is largely grown for edible oil production in low moisture or saltaffected soils of Turkey. The objective of the study was to find out the quality of seeds with different sized seeds, and the effects of seed size (3, 4 and 5 mm) and NaCl stresses at electrical conductivities of 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS m-1 on the germination and early seedling growth of the safflower cultivar Din?er. Our results show that heavier one-thousand-seed weight (70.5 g) and higher hull percentage (52.9 %) were obtained from large seeds while the oil content and water uptake of small seeds was higher than that of medium or large seeds. Germination percentage, germination time, root length, shoot length, and seedling fresh and dry weight showed size-dependent responses of the seeds to salt stress. In general, medium-sized (4 mm) seeds germinated more rapidly compared to small and large seeds against all levels of salt stress; however, the highest germination percentage and most vigorous seedling growth was recorded from large seeds after 10 days incubation. The inhibitory effect of NaCl levels was exhibited a drastic effect on seedling growth. Increased NaCl resulted in an increase in the Na+ and Cl- content of the seedlings produced by all seed sizes, while the K+ content was not changed. However, the seedlings from small seeds had the highest Na+ and Cl- content of all measured NaCl levels. It was concluded that large seeds produced vigorous seedling growth due to a lower ion accumulation under NaCl stress. Consequently, large seeds could be used for successful stand establishment in contrast to their slow germination performance if the cultivation of safflower on saline soils is required.
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Aitken, RL, RA Stephenson, and EC Gallagher. "Effect of lime application to strongly acidic soils on the growth of macadamia seedlings." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 3 (1990): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900421.

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Glasshouse experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of soil pH on macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche) seedlings and to examine seedling growth in relation to soil chemical properties in acidic soils. In one experiment, in which 13 rates of CaCO3 (0 to the equivalent of 12 000 kg/ha) were applied to a strongly acidic (pH 3.9, 1:5 in water) sandy loam, optimum seedling growth was obtained in the pH range 4.0-5.9. A second experiment, in which seedlings were grown in each of 3 strongly acidic soils amended with various rates of CaCO3, also showed that macadamia seedlings could grow satisfactorily at pH values of 4.0 (2 soils) and 4.5 (1 soil). Increased seedling growth on 2 soils (silty clay loam, experiment 1; sandy loam, experiment 2) treated with lime was due to amelioration of aluminium and/or manganese toxicity and not to the alleviation of calcium deficiency. The results indicate that soil pH measurement alone would not be a good indicator of seedling growth. In some soils, seedling growth was optimum at pH 3.9, whereas at pH 4.0 in another soil, growth was well below the maximum which was attained at pH 4.5. The significant (P<0.05) growth reductions that occurred on all soils limed to pH values >6.0 were attributed to induced micronutrient deficiencies.
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McQuattie, Carolyn J., and George A. Schier. "Response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings to manganese." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 3 (2000): 456–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-229.

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Long-term research in north-central Pennsylvania has revealed high levels (>2000 ppm) of foliar Mn in seedlings and overstory sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.). To determine thresholds for sensitivity of sugar maple to Mn, 4-week-old seedlings growing in sand were irrigated for 8 weeks with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0.1 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg Mn/L. Seedling mortality occurred at 40 (92%) and 80 (100%) mg Mn/L. At lower Mn, seedling dry mass decreased with increasing Mn concentrations; root growth was inhibited more than shoot growth. Foliar concentrations of all mineral nutrients except P were significantly reduced by Mn. Symptoms of Mn toxicity included chlorosis and necrosis in leaves, darkened root tips, and loosening of outer cortical cells in roots. Cellular symptoms observed in Mn-treated seedlings (5 mg/L and higher) included irregularities in cell shape, increased vacuolation, and swollen mitochondria in root meristems; leaves showed discrete electron-dense areas in chloroplast thylakoid membranes, increased starch in mesophyll cells, and collapse of phloem in midveins. Investigation of potential Mn toxicity will require simulated field conditions to fully evaluate interactions with other factors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedling toxicity"

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Silva, Aldir Carlos. "Avalia??o da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em pl?ntulas de maracujazeiro e mamoeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2402.

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Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-30T16:36:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Aldir Carlos Silva.pdf: 1230710 bytes, checksum: 56dbab398ff37045b73bd259ab1a15ac (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-30T16:36:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Aldir Carlos Silva.pdf: 1230710 bytes, checksum: 56dbab398ff37045b73bd259ab1a15ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-06<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq<br>Aluminum tolerance studies in seedlings of Passion fruit (cvs. IAC-273/277, IACPaulista, IAC-275, FB-100) and Carica papaya (cvs.Taiung, Golden, Gran Golden, Baixinho de Santa Amalia) were performed in a growth chamber at the Laboratories of Chemistry of the Rhizosphere and Seeds of the Department of Fitotecnia, of University Federal Rural of Rio Janeiro, Institute of Agronomy. Experiments with different concentrations of Al were conducted in nutrient solution simple (with Ca) and complete, with the aims to analyze the tap root length, ratio of root lengths, relative root elongation, diameter of root and stem and effect of stains. Also were conducted experiments with seeds soaked in different concentration of Al to verify the percentage of germination, seedlings normal and abnormal. The use of simple nutrient solution was not satisfactory to shown the performance of seedlings of papaya. In passion fruit both nutrient solutions can be used in short term experiment. Over the concentration of 160?M of Al occurred effect of toxicity in root of seedlings of passion fruit and papaya, but at concentrations lower that 80?M there were stimulus of growth. The tap root length was the more efficient parameter to compare root toxicity. The soaking of seeds in the solution of aluminum did not affect the germination, root tap emission and the growth of seedlings until 1280?M. With the increased of time of contact with the Al solution, the young roots have been injured especially in papaya seedlings. The use of stains pyrocatechol violet and hematoxylin were both efficient to determinate the aluminum tolerance in papaya and passion fruit, but just pyrocatechol violet could compare the doses used, produced a color gradient with increasing concentration of aluminum. With the use of hematoxylin was only possible to separate the high concentrations of low concentrations of aluminum. The best passion fruit cultivar was IAC 273/277and papaya was Tainung<br>Os estudos da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em pl?ntulas de maracuj? (cvs. IAC-273/277, IACPaulista, IAC-275, FB-100) e mam?o (cvs.Tainug, Golden, Gran Golden, Baixinho de Santa Am?lia) foram realizados, em c?mara de crescimento nos Laborat?rios de Qu?mica da Rizosfera e Laborat?rio de Analise de Sementes, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizados experimentos com diferentes concentra??es de alum?nio em solu??o nutritiva simples (com c?lcio) e completa, para analise do crescimento radicular utilizando os par?metros comprimento radicular, taxa de crescimento radicular, elonga??o radicular relativa, di?metro do colo, di?metro de ?pice da raiz principal bem como testes com corantes. Foi tamb?m realizado estudos do efeito da embebi??o das sementes com solu??es de alum?nio para verificar o efeito na porcentagem de germina??o, pl?ntulas normais e anormais, e n?o germinadas. O uso da solu??o nutritiva simples para realizar testes de curta dura??o de contacto ao alum?nio, n?o foi satisfat?rio para mam?o, sendo mais adequado o uso de solu??o nutritiva completa. Em maracuj?, ambas as solu??es podem ser utilizadas. As pl?ntulas de maracuj? crescidas em solu??o simples com o aumento do tempo de contacto com alum?nio na solu??o, as ra?zes ficaram endurecidas. Em concentra??es acima de 160?M de alum?nio, ocorreu efeito fitotoxico, contudo em concentra??es menores que 80?M ocorreu at? aumento do crescimento radicular para mam?o e maracuj?. O comprimento radicular foi o mais eficiente par?metro indicador da toler?ncia ao alum?nio. A embebi??o das sementes em alum?nio n?o afetou a germina??o a emiss?o da raiz principal e o crescimento da pl?ntula at? a concentra??o da solu??o de embebi??o de 1280?M, mas a medida que aumentou o tempo de contato e a concentra??o de alum?nio, as ra?zes rec?m emitidas sofreram danos, principalmente as de pl?ntulas de mam?o. O uso dos corantes qu?micos violeta de pirocatecol e hematoxilina foram eficiente na determina??o da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em maracuj? e mam?o, mais somente o violeta de pirocatecol permitiu comparar as doses entre si, gerando um gradiente de colora??o com o aumento da concentra??o de alum?nio, com o uso da hematoxilina s? foi poss?vel separar as concentra??es altas das concentra??es baixas de alum?nio. As melhores cultivares nas condi??es testadas foi a IAC 273/277 de maracuj? e a cv Tainung de mam?o
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葉佳佳, Jia-Jia Ye, and 葉佳佳. "Effect of nitric oxide on the cadmium toxicity in rice seedling roots." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67970819608840954584.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>農藝學系所<br>100<br>In this thesis, rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Taichung Native 1, TN1) seedlings were used to investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the toxicity of roots caused by cadmium. Cadmium treatment significantly inhibited plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight, as well as cadmium content in cadmium-treated shoots and roots increased with prolonged duration of incubation. In plants, NO is involved in many physiological responses, such as defense response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, 10μM SNP (NO donor) pretreatment significantly recovers cadmium inhibited root length, fresh weight and dry weight of rice root, and decrease oxidative stress induced by cadmium. It is clearly that NO decreased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide content of rice roots induced by cadmium. SNP-treated roots decreased with SOD and POD activity, but increased with CAT activity. However, SNP pretreatment is not decreased in cadmium content, it is increasing. It is demonstrate that SNP-pretreated caused antioxidative enzymes activity decrease in cadmium toxicity and recover rice seedlings growth, as well as not uptake cadmium content.
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Katanda, Yeukai. "Hog manure-recovered struvite as a phosphorus source for enhanced phosphorus use efficiency and reduced seedling toxicity in canola." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/25155.

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Hog manure phosphorus (P) can be recovered as struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O). The recovered struvite has slow-release properties and may be used as a P-source for crops. Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the agronomic effectiveness and seedling toxicity of liquid hog manure-recovered struvite for canola (Brassica spp.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). While wheat was non-responsive to P application, canola dry matter yield (DMY) from struvite (1.9 g kg-1) was similar to that from monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (1.8 g kg-1) and coated-monoammonium phosphate (CMAP) (1.7 g kg-1). Importantly, when P was seed-placed at the higher rate (15 mg kg-1), canola seedling emergence was significantly greater with struvite (90%) and CMAP (85%) than with MAP (60%). The results demonstrate the potential of struvite as an effective P-source for canola in P-deficient soils, which can be safely applied at higher rates than those currently recommended for seed-placed MAP.
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Hsu, Yi Ting, and 許奕婷. "Studies on Cadmium Toxicity of Rice Seedlings." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86078645035840614185.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農藝學研究所<br>89<br>The aim of this thesis was to study cadmium toxicity of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung Native 1, TN1 and Oryza sativa L. cv. Tainung 67, TNG67). We intvestigated (a) the relationship beween ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) and cadmium toxicity of rice seedlings, (b) the effects of CdCl2 on the quantitative and qualitative changes of proteins in leaves of rice seedlings and (c) the relationship between the accumulation of NH4+ and cadmium toxicity of the rice seedlings. Leaves of TNG67 rice seedlings were found to be more tolerant to CdCl2 than those of TN1 rice seedlings. The degree of Cd tolerance is unlikely related to ethylene or water deficit, but is more likely related to ABA. This conclusion was based on the observations that (a) CdCl2 treatment resulted in an increase in ABA content in leaves of TNG67 rice seedlings, which show CdCl2 tolerance, (b) no increase in ABA content was observed in CdCl2-treated leaves of TN1 rice seedlings, which are sensitive to CdCl2, (c) pretreatment of TN1 rice seedlings with ABA resulted in an enhancement of Cd tolerance, and (d) inhibitor of ABA synthesis, fluridone, increased the sensitivity of TNG67 rice seedlings to CdCl2. CdCl2 treatment resulted in an increase in Cd content in leaves of TN1 rice seedlings, but not in those of TNG67 rice seedlings. The increase in Cd content in leaves of TNG67 rice seedlings is possibly due to the increase by ABA-inhibited transpiration, which reduced the mobilility of Cd from solution or roots to shoot. The decrease in protein content was faster in leaves of TN1 rice seedlings treated with CdCl2 than those in the absence of CdCl2. Protein degradation might contribute to the decrease in protein content in leaves of TN1 rice seedlings treated with CdCl2. This conclusion is supported by the observations that the content of total amino acids and the activity of protease are higher in leaves of rice seedlings in the presence of CdCl2 than in those in the absence of CdCl2. The current results suggest that NH4+ accumulation is associated with the toxicity of leaves of TN1 rice seedlings induced by CdCl2. Evidence was presented to show that CdCl2-induced NH4+ accumulation in leaves of TN1 rice seedlings is attribuited to a decrease in GS activity and Cd per se might directly affect GS activity.
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Kuo, Mei Chun, and 郭美君. "Studies on Cd-induced toxicity of rice seedlings in relation to oxidative stress." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71670304251703864770.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農藝學研究所<br>91<br>In this thesis, Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were used to study if Cd toxicity is related to oxidative stress and the influence of temperature on the expression of Cd toxicity by Cd-sensitive cultivar. The toxicity of rice seedlings caused by CdCl2 seems to be related to oxidative stress. This conclusion was based on the observations that (a) on treatment with CdCl2, MDA and H2O2 contents and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, GR, CAT and POX ) activities increased in the leaves of the Cd-sensitive cultivar (cv. Taichung Native 1, TN1) but not in the Cd-tolerant cultivar (cv. Tainung 67, TNG67), (b) pretreatment with ABA enhanced Cd tolerance and reduced Cd-increased MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities in TN1 seedlings, (c) exogenous application of ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, decreased Cd tolerance and increased MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of TNG67, (d) fluridone effects on Cd toxicity, Cd-increased MDA content and Cd-increased antioxidant enzyme activities of TNG67 seedlings were reversed by the application by ABA. Results indicated that Cd toxicity in TN1 seedlings increased in parallel with temperature. At high temperature, Cd-induced toxicity leaded to the increase in MDA, proline and NH4+ contents, increase in antioxidant enzyme (SOD, APX, GR and POX) activities, increase in PAL activity, and decrease in GS activity seem to be attributable to the accumulation of ABA. This conclusion was based on the observation that, at high temperature, fluridone treatment, which decreased Cd-increased ABA content, resulted in reduction of Cd-induced toxicity, increase in MDA, proline and NH4+ contents, increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, increase in PAL activity and decrease in GS activity in TN1 seedlings.
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Books on the topic "Seedling toxicity"

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E, Norton Dale, Washington (State). Toxics Cleanup Program., and Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology. Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program., eds. Early seedling growth protocol for soil toxicity screening. Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, 1996.

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Chen, Yichang. Interactions between sulfur nutrition and cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. UC 476). 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seedling toxicity"

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Wu, P., A. Luo, J. Zhu, J. Yang, N. Huang, and D. Senadhira. "Molecular markers linked to genes underlying seedling tolerance for ferrous iron toxicity." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_255.

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Eldhuset, T., A. Göransson, and T. Ingestad. "Aluminum Toxicity in Forest Tree Seedlings." In Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70874-9_29.

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Nable, R. O., and J. G. Paull. "Effect of excess grain boron concentrations on early seedling development and growth of several wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes with different susceptibilities to boron toxicity." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_49.

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Jentschke, Georg, and Douglas L. Godbold. "Metal Toxicity in Mycorrhizal Norway Spruce Seedlings." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_141.

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Jentschke, Georg, and Douglas L. Godbold. "Metal Toxicity in Mycorrhizal Norway Spruce Seedlings." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_169.

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Coronel, V. P., S. Akita, and S. Yoshida. "Aluminium toxicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_60.

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Anioł, Andrzej. "Aluminium uptake by roots of rye seedlings of differing tolerance to aluminium toxicity." In Developments in Plant Breeding. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8806-5_22.

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Godbold, D. L., and A. Hüttermann. "The Uptake and Toxicity of Mercury and Lead to Spruce (Picea Abies Karst.) Seedlings." In Acidic Precipitation. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_161.

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Chiu, Chih-Yu, Cheng-Lin Chen, and Chang-Hong Chou. "The toxicity of Cu on the seedlings of a mangrove (Kandelia candel) in the presence of NaCl." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_25.

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Wang, Haiou, Guangrong Zhong, Guoqing Shi, and Fangting Pan. "Toxicity of Cu, Pb, and Zn on Seed Germination and Young Seedlings of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture IV. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18354-6_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seedling toxicity"

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Lobzenko, I. P., T. V. Bauer, S. S. Mandjieva, S. N. Sushkova, and T. M. Minkina. "EVALUATION OF THE BIOCHAR INFLUENCE ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF THE HAPLIC CHERNOZEM CONTAMINATED BY COPPER." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.181-184.

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The article presents an analysis of the effect of various doses of biochar on the phytotoxicity of common carbonate chernozem with a contamination of 300 mg/kg Cu by seedling method. In this work, we calculated the toxicity index of the factor (ITF) to assess the condition of the stidied samples of experiment.
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TURK, HULYA, MUCIP GENISEL, and SERKAN ERDAL. "Estrone induced biochemical and molecular changes confers tolerance to boron toxicity in wheat seedlings." In Third International Conference on Advances in Bio-Informatics and Environmental Engineering - ICABEE 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-078-1-04.

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Salverson, Lynsey A. M., Nader Saniei, Mel Mendelson, and Michelle Lum. "An Engineering Approach Investigating the Uptake and Phytotoxicity of One Type of Engineered Nanoparticle (CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots) by Solanum Lycopersicum." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14032.

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The novel and extraordinary physiochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is certain, yet, at the same time, their unique characteristics raise growing concerns regarding potentially adverse effects on biological and ecological systems. It is becoming increasingly evident, that before the full potential of nanotechnology can be realized, standardized characterization of ENPs behavior, fate, and their effects in the ecosystem are essential, to ensure the safe manufacturing and use of ENP products. Otherwise, the promise of such extraordinary advancements may find itself limited to applications such as electronics, and sporting equipments, industries in which it currently resides. The current toxicity profile of engineered nanomaterials is not only preliminary, but highly variable amongst researchers. Emphasizing the great need to develop a highly organized, efficient, and precise approach to assess the hazardous potential ENPs may pose, and address the safety concerns surrounding and limiting nanotechnology. In response to such concerns, the present study took an engineering approach, in an otherwise traditionally viewed discipline, to assess the potential impact of engineered nanoparticles on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings, by implementing a full factorial design of experiment (FDOE) in an effort to identify what factors, and their interactions, have a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on root and shoot elongation, and if any observed effects are a result of particle uptake, evaluated via fluorescence microscopy imaging. Therefore, the goal of our study was to design and implement an efficient, effective, and precise method to assess the effect of one type of ENP, water-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, using Solanum lycopersicum as our model organism, one of 10 species recommended by the Unites States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for use in phytotoxicity studies, via a methodology we believe novel to nanotechnology. By implementing factorial experimental design methodologies, not only are we efficiently identifying the factors that affect phytotoxicity, we are providing, for the first time to our knowledge, the first scientific data to report the significant interaction effects between the factors responsible for ENP toxicity. Water soluble (MUA) CdSe/ZnS quantum dots used in our study had a negative influence on root and shoot lengths of tomato seeds exposed for 3 and 6 days. The observed influence depended on (MUA) CdSe/ZnS concentration and QD exposure time. The importance of the factor effects were examined via analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests, confidence intervals, and normal plot statistical analyses. The findings concluded that factors B, C, and the BC-interaction (CdSe/ZnS: Exposure time, concentration, and exposure time–concentration interaction) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings. Thus, factors A, AB, AC, and ABC (CdSe/ZnS QD: Size, size–concentration, size-exposure time, and size-concentration-exposure time interactions) were not found to have a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, and ultimately eliminated from our model. After analyzing the interaction plots, it became evident that low percentages of root reduction are obtained at low concentration levels for short lengths of time; thus, to obtain the least amount of phytotoxic effects one would set factors B (concentration) and C (exposure time) to their low levels, 125 mg/L for 3 days, respectively. Alternatively, high percentages of root reduction are obtained at high concentration levels for long lengths of time; thus, to obtain the greatest phytotoxic effect one would set factors B and C to their high levels, 1000 mg/L for 6 days, respectively. This indicates that as exposure time increases, root reduction increases; thus, phytotoxicity increases. Since our study attempted to realize which factors minimize phytotoxicity effects of one type of ENP, these findings suggest that to minimize phytotoxicity effects (i.e. maximize root length or minimize percent of root reduction) of (MUA) CdSe/ZnS QDs on tomato seeds, set factors B and C (QD concentration and exposure time) to their low levels; that is, expose tomato seeds to 125 mg/L of QD solution for a maximum of 3 days. These settings will yield the least amount of root reduction (5.15%) and; thus, phytotoxicity effects will be minimized. With regard to tomato roots ability to uptake MUA QDs, our results contribute to the literature by reporting uptake possible. Although we did see particles inside the root, it was sporadic and difficult to quantify. As to whether it was intracellular (within the cell) or intercellular (in the spaces between the cells, i.e., outside the cells) we could not conclude with certainty, although we suspect the QDs were intercellular. Thus, we highly recommend future experiments involving cross sections and more in-depth microscopy imaging. Additionally, although the results of our experiment failed to support that particle size (t = 2.13; d.f. = 1; p = 0.065) or the particle size-exposure time interaction (t = 2.17; d.f. = 1; p = 0.062) had a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, due to the small p-value associated with both test statistics, it is our belief that particle size and the particle size-exposure time interaction may, in fact, be a real effect; thus, further investigation is recommended.
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Reports on the topic "Seedling toxicity"

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Eaton, D., and C. E. Murphy. Toxicity test of the F-Area seep soils by laboratory lettuce seed germination and seedling growth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10128249.

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