Dissertations / Theses: 'Seedling water'

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Stomph, Tjeerd Jan. "Seedling establishment in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) : the influence of genotype, physiological seed quality, soil temperature and soil water." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276632.

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Yang, Dongsheng. "The response of two eucalypt subspecies to water stress and fertilizer at early seedling stage." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140223.

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Pamuk, Gunnar Sven. "Controlling water dynamics in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds before and during seedling emergence /." Umeå : Dept. of Silviculture, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s305.pdf.

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Hosseini, Mohammad Khajeh. "The response of soybean seeds to the stresses of semi-arid environments during germination and early seedling growth." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324912.

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Reduced water availability and salinity are two major environmental factors influencing crop establishment in semi-arid environments. Therefore the effect of reduced water availability using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 solutions and of salinity (NaCl) on the germination of six soybean cultivars was examined. Cultivars differed in their response to reduced water availability and salinity and in their ability to recover from the stresses. A large increase in germination during a recovery period at 0 MPa following water stress suggested that PEG was not toxic whilst the failure of seeds to recover from high salinity revealed the toxic effects of NaCl. At the same water potential, germination in saline conditions was higher than that in PEG and the rate of water uptake by individual seeds was more rapid in NaCl solutions than in PEG. The most plausible explanation for the greater water uptake and germination in NaCl is that seeds accumulated salts which lowered their osmotic potential. The effects of NaCl on seedling growth were much greater when experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system compared with a paper towel method. However, analysis of the solutions soaking the paper towels revealed that 4.25 mMolal Ca2+ was available to the seeds in this system in saline conditions. This may have reduced Na+ uptake or provided a protective effect against Na+ toxicity. Germination (40%) was possible at a tissue Na+ concentration in the embryonic axis of 9.3mg g-1 FW whilst seedling growth was completely inhibited at a tissue Na+ concentration of 6.1 mg g-1 FW. Germination at higher tissue Na+ concentrations was associated with higher K++Ca2+ concentrations, suggesting that these ions may protect the seeds in the pregermination phase against salinity. A reduction in seed vigour due to ageing resulted in reduced germination under saline conditions compared to the germination of unaged seeds, but there was no significant interaction between salinity and seed ageing. However, unaged seeds showed a greater increase in germination after transfer to 0 MPa than did the aged seeds. Since both the site of ageing and the toxic effect of NaCl is the cell membrane, there may be additive effects of NaCl toxicity on cell membrane in aged seeds.

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Haigh, Ian Mitchell. "The effect of temperature and soil water on Fusarium seedling blight of winter wheat and its effective control by fungicide seed treatments." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398010.

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Groninger, John William. "Stand dynamics and gas exchange in loblolly pine and hardwood seedling stands : impact of elevated carbon dioxide, water stress and nutrient status /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08272007-163923/.

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Lui, Jandislau José [UNESP]. "Doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105300.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lui_jj_dr_jabo.pdf: 909592 bytes, checksum: 9868994b0210fa5ac801ff0d8f87e500 (MD5) Funep O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Câmpus da UNESP, de Jaboticabal, localizado a 21º15’22” de latitude sul, 48º18’58”de longitude oeste. Foram utilizados nove substratos, sendo dois latosolos, um vermelho eutroférrico argiloso e outro vermelho distrófico, seis misturas de latossolos com resíduo sólido orgânico urbano dessecado e triturado, não compostado e, este último, puro. Utilizou-se irrigação com quatro regimes (50%, 75%, 100% e 130% dos valores diários determinados) e a avaliação feita em cinco épocas (15, 29, 41, 53 e 79 dias após a semeadura). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas da cultura, variáveis químicas dos substratos e regimes de irrigação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o Resíduo Sólido Orgânico Urbano (R.S.O.U.) constitui-se fonte de nutrientes para as plantas e material corretivo com atributos químicos semelhantes a adubo mineral e calcário. Para os substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho eutroférrico argiloso, doses com até 40% de R.S.O.U. não exerceram influência negativa nas plantas. Nos substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho distrófico, a dosagem máxima para que o R.S.O.U. não influencie na vida das mudas, foi de 20%. Os melhores resultados para as plantas ocorreram o regime de irrigação de 75% do valor diário determinado. A relação C/N foi crescente com o aumento da porcentagem de R.S.O.U. Ao final da pesquisa a maioria dos substratos estavam na faixa entre 1/7,7 a 1/14,7. The deposition of trash in landfill, controlled landfills, and in its greatest part, in open dumps, pollute the soil and take spaces that could be used for other purposes. In relation to the organic trash, it has been used composted as manure in the agriculture, however, there are many inconveniences caused by this technique, among them contamination, a large used area, the long time of the process and the high cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of non composted urban organic solid residue dosages, in the substrate, associated to irrigation ways in the formation of Eucalyptus seedlings. The research was developed at the UNESP Campus, in Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, located at 21º 15’ 22” South latitude, 48º 18’58” West longitude. Nine substrates were used, two latosols, one red clayey Eutroferric and another dystrophic red , six mixtures of latosols with dried and ground urban organic solid residue, non composted and one with pure residue. The irrigation was based on four levels, (50%, 75%, 100% and 130% of the evapotranspiration daily values). The plants behavior evaluation was done in five ages (15, 29, 41, 53 and 79 days after the sowing). It was evaluated the biometric variables of the culture and chemical variables of the substrates. The obtained results indicated that: the Urban Organic Solid Residue (U.O.S.R.) is a source of nutrients for the plants and corrective material, with chemical attributes similar to mineral manure and limestone. For the substrates constituted by red clayey eutroferric latosol, dosages up to 40% of U.O.S.R. did not have a negative influence on the plants. In the substrates constituted by dystrophic red latosol, the maximum dosage, so that the U.O.S.R. did not influence negatively on the lives of the plants, was 20%. The best results for the plants behavior occurred at the irrigation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

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Paiva, Auricleia Sarmento de. "Disponibilidade hídrica na germinação de sementes e no crescimento de plântulas da leguminosa forrageira Macrotyloma axillare (E. Mey) Verdc. cv. Java /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105113.

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Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar características fisiológicas da leguminosa forrageira tropical, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java (macrotiloma) submetida a diferentes potenciais hídricos e determinar a qualidade fisiológica de três lotes de sementes dessa cultivar. Determinou-se a pureza física dos lotes, o peso de mil sementes, o teste padrão de germinação (TPG) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Os seguintes testes de vigor foram realizados: primeira contagem do TPG, condutividade elétrica e envelhecimento acelerado. Avaliou-se o efeito da disponibilidade hídrica do substrato sobre a germinação de sementes com o uso de soluções de Polietileno Glicol (PEG 6000) e a germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas no solo (60, 45 e 35% da capacidade de campo). Diferenças no potencial fisiológico inicial de sementes escarificadas puderam ser observadas pelo teste de germinação. Os testes de primeira contagem e IVG não foram sensíveis para detectar diferenças no potencial fisiológico das sementes dos três lotes estudados. O envelhecimento acelerado das sementes escarificadas pode ser realizado a 41º C por um período mínimo de 72 horas ou a 45º C durante 48 horas. O teste de condutividade elétrica mostrou-se adequado para diferenciar os lotes de sementes escarificadas, a partir de 48 horas de embebição. O lote 3 foi classificado como o lote de menor vigor. Houve redução progressiva e significativa da porcentagem de germinação e do IVG quando o potencial hídrico do substrato decresceu de 0,0 até -0,6 MPa e decréscimo na germinação e no IVG quando a disponibilidade hídrica no solo decresceu de 60% para 45 e 35% da capacidade de campo. Todas as características da parte aérea das plântulas foram prejudicadas pela redução da disponibilidade hídrica do solo, notadamente, os parâmetros altura de plântula,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate physiological characteres of the tropical forage legume, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java (perennial horse gram) submitted to different water potentials and to determine the physiological quality of three seed lots of this cultivar. The physical purity, 1000 seeds weight, standard germination test (SGT) and speed of germination index (SGI) were evaluated. The following vigour tests were performed: first count of SGT; electrical conductivity and accelerated aging. The effect of substratum water availability was studied using polyethylene glicol solutions (PEG 6000) on seed germination and soil with three levels of water contents (60, 45 and 35% of field capacity) on germination and early growth of seedlings. Differences on initial physiological potential of scarified seeds could be observed by the germination test. First count of germination and SGI were not sensible to detect differences in seed physiological potential of these three lots. The accelerated aging of scarified seeds can be performed at 41ºC during at least 72 hours or at 45ºC for 48 hours. The electrical conductivity test was adequate to differentiate lots of scarified seeds after 48 hours of imbibition. The seed lot number three was classified as the lowest vigour lot of perennial horse gram seeds. There was progressive and significant decrease of germination percentage and of SGI when the substratum water potential decreased from zero to -0,6 MPa and reduction of germination percentage and SGI when the soil water availability decreased from 60% to 45 and 35% of field capacity. All seedlings shoot characters were hastened by the decrease of soil water availability, mainly the parameters: seedling height, fresh mass and area of leaves... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) Orientador: Teresinha de Jesus Deléo Rodrigues Coorientador: Antônio João Cancian Banca: Paola Pedroso Vantini Banca: Ana Regina Pimentel de Almeida Banca: Izabel Cristina Leite Banca: Maria Lidia Stipp Paterniani Doutor

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Lui, Jandislau José. "Doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105300.

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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Câmpus da UNESP, de Jaboticabal, localizado a 21º15'22" de latitude sul, 48º18'58"de longitude oeste. Foram utilizados nove substratos, sendo dois latosolos, um vermelho eutroférrico argiloso e outro vermelho distrófico, seis misturas de latossolos com resíduo sólido orgânico urbano dessecado e triturado, não compostado e, este último, puro. Utilizou-se irrigação com quatro regimes (50%, 75%, 100% e 130% dos valores diários determinados) e a avaliação feita em cinco épocas (15, 29, 41, 53 e 79 dias após a semeadura). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas da cultura, variáveis químicas dos substratos e regimes de irrigação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o Resíduo Sólido Orgânico Urbano (R.S.O.U.) constitui-se fonte de nutrientes para as plantas e material corretivo com atributos químicos semelhantes a adubo mineral e calcário. Para os substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho eutroférrico argiloso, doses com até 40% de R.S.O.U. não exerceram influência negativa nas plantas. Nos substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho distrófico, a dosagem máxima para que o R.S.O.U. não influencie na vida das mudas, foi de 20%. Os melhores resultados para as plantas ocorreram o regime de irrigação de 75% do valor diário determinado. A relação C/N foi crescente com o aumento da porcentagem de R.S.O.U. Ao final da pesquisa a maioria dos substratos estavam na faixa entre 1/7,7 a 1/14,7. Abstract: The deposition of trash in landfill, controlled landfills, and in its greatest part, in open dumps, pollute the soil and take spaces that could be used for other purposes. In relation to the organic trash, it has been used composted as manure in the agriculture, however, there are many inconveniences caused by this technique, among them contamination, a large used area, the long time of the process and the high cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of non composted urban organic solid residue dosages, in the substrate, associated to irrigation ways in the formation of Eucalyptus seedlings. The research was developed at the UNESP Campus, in Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, located at 21º 15' 22" South latitude, 48º 18'58" West longitude. Nine substrates were used, two latosols, one red clayey Eutroferric and another dystrophic red , six mixtures of latosols with dried and ground urban organic solid residue, non composted and one with pure residue. The irrigation was based on four levels, (50%, 75%, 100% and 130% of the evapotranspiration daily values). The plants behavior evaluation was done in five ages (15, 29, 41, 53 and 79 days after the sowing). It was evaluated the biometric variables of the culture and chemical variables of the substrates. The obtained results indicated that: the Urban Organic Solid Residue (U.O.S.R.) is a source of nutrients for the plants and corrective material, with chemical attributes similar to mineral manure and limestone. For the substrates constituted by red clayey eutroferric latosol, dosages up to 40% of U.O.S.R. did not have a negative influence on the plants. In the substrates constituted by dystrophic red latosol, the maximum dosage, so that the U.O.S.R. did not influence negatively on the lives of the plants, was 20%. The best results for the plants behavior occurred at the irrigation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) Orientador: João Antonio Galbiatti Coorientador: Jairo Augusto Campos de Araújo Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz Banca: Maurício José Borges Banca: Edemo João Fernandes Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissara Doutor

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Paiva, Auricleia Sarmento de [UNESP]. "Disponibilidade hídrica na germinação de sementes e no crescimento de plântulas da leguminosa forrageira Macrotyloma axillare (E. Mey) Verdc. cv. Java." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105113.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paiva_as_dr_jabo.pdf: 412706 bytes, checksum: a3044c478c4a39b6825b47ace1e1b633 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objetivou-se avaliar características fisiológicas da leguminosa forrageira tropical, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java (macrotiloma) submetida a diferentes potenciais hídricos e determinar a qualidade fisiológica de três lotes de sementes dessa cultivar. Determinou-se a pureza física dos lotes, o peso de mil sementes, o teste padrão de germinação (TPG) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Os seguintes testes de vigor foram realizados: primeira contagem do TPG, condutividade elétrica e envelhecimento acelerado. Avaliou-se o efeito da disponibilidade hídrica do substrato sobre a germinação de sementes com o uso de soluções de Polietileno Glicol (PEG 6000) e a germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas no solo (60, 45 e 35% da capacidade de campo). Diferenças no potencial fisiológico inicial de sementes escarificadas puderam ser observadas pelo teste de germinação. Os testes de primeira contagem e IVG não foram sensíveis para detectar diferenças no potencial fisiológico das sementes dos três lotes estudados. O envelhecimento acelerado das sementes escarificadas pode ser realizado a 41º C por um período mínimo de 72 horas ou a 45º C durante 48 horas. O teste de condutividade elétrica mostrou-se adequado para diferenciar os lotes de sementes escarificadas, a partir de 48 horas de embebição. O lote 3 foi classificado como o lote de menor vigor. Houve redução progressiva e significativa da porcentagem de germinação e do IVG quando o potencial hídrico do substrato decresceu de 0,0 até -0,6 MPa e decréscimo na germinação e no IVG quando a disponibilidade hídrica no solo decresceu de 60% para 45 e 35% da capacidade de campo. Todas as características da parte aérea das plântulas foram prejudicadas pela redução da disponibilidade hídrica do solo, notadamente, os parâmetros altura de plântula,... The objective of this research was to evaluate physiological characteres of the tropical forage legume, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java (perennial horse gram) submitted to different water potentials and to determine the physiological quality of three seed lots of this cultivar. The physical purity, 1000 seeds weight, standard germination test (SGT) and speed of germination index (SGI) were evaluated. The following vigour tests were performed: first count of SGT; electrical conductivity and accelerated aging. The effect of substratum water availability was studied using polyethylene glicol solutions (PEG 6000) on seed germination and soil with three levels of water contents (60, 45 and 35% of field capacity) on germination and early growth of seedlings. Differences on initial physiological potential of scarified seeds could be observed by the germination test. First count of germination and SGI were not sensible to detect differences in seed physiological potential of these three lots. The accelerated aging of scarified seeds can be performed at 41ºC during at least 72 hours or at 45ºC for 48 hours. The electrical conductivity test was adequate to differentiate lots of scarified seeds after 48 hours of imbibition. The seed lot number three was classified as the lowest vigour lot of perennial horse gram seeds. There was progressive and significant decrease of germination percentage and of SGI when the substratum water potential decreased from zero to -0,6 MPa and reduction of germination percentage and SGI when the soil water availability decreased from 60% to 45 and 35% of field capacity. All seedlings shoot characters were hastened by the decrease of soil water availability, mainly the parameters: seedling height, fresh mass and area of leaves... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

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Júnior, Cícero Renê Almeida Barboza. "Desenvolvimento de mudas de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) em tubetes e submetidas a diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-23032012-102119/.

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Com a crescente procura por alternativas para suprir energeticamente o mundo, cada vez mais, fontes mais limpas e renováveis estão sendo utilizadas. No Brasil, a produção de óleos vegetais visando a geração de energia (biodiesel) ainda é incipiente. Dentre as diferentes espécies de oleaginosas, o pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) vem se destacando como uma ótima alternativa no fornecimento de matéria prima para a produção de biodiesel. Informações sobre essa cultura ainda são escassas, principalmente no Brasil, onde há pouco tempo foram iniciadas as pesquisas. A necessidade de informações locais também ressalta a importância da pesquisa com o Pinhão Manso. Com base nessas necessidades, o objetivo desse experimento foi analisar a viabilidade técnica da produção de mudas irrigadas de pinhão manso por sistema de subirrigação e desenvolver um sistema automatizado de manejo. O controle da irrigação foi realizado a partir da variação de peso dos tubetes com as mudas, devido a perda de água por evapotranspiração. No processo de controle dos pesos foram utilizadas células de carga, que monitoraram a variação de peso de um conjunto de tubetes denominado conjunto controle. O delineamento experimental foi em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram quatro níveis de depleção da máxima capacidade de retenção de água (MCRA) apresentada pelo substrato (T1=20%, T2=40%, T3=60% e T4=80% da MCRA). Para se quantificar os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliadas semanalmente as seguintes características das mudas: altura e diâmetro do caule, número de folhas e área foliar, bem como a produção de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Os resultados mostram que o tratamento 2 foi o que se destacou dentre os demais, produzindo mudas de melhor qualidade, com maior acúmulo de matéria seca e maior consumo hídrico. With the growing demand for alternative energy to meet the world, increasingly more clean and renewable sources are being used. In Brazil, the production of vegetable oils aimed at producing energy (biodiesel) is still incipient. Among the different species of oleaginous plants, jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) has emerged as a great alternative in providing raw material for biodiesel production. Information on this crop are still scarce, especially in Brazil where they recently started research. The need for local information also emphasizes the importance of research with Jatropha. Based on these needs, the aim of this experiment was to analyze the technical viability production of jatropha seedlings irrigated by subirrigation system and develop an automated system management. The irrigation control was carried out from the weight variation of the vials with the seedlings because of water loss through evapotranspiration. In the process of weight control were used load cells, which monitored the weight variation of a set of vials called the control group. The experimental design was the completely randomized with four replications. The treatments were four levels of depletion of the maximum water holding capacity (MCRA) presented by the substrate (T1=20%, T2=40%, T3=60% e T4=80% da MCRA). To quantify the effects of the treatments were evaluated weekly the following characteristics of seedlings: height and diameter of the stem, leaf number and leaf area, and the production of fresh and dry shoot and root. The results show that treatment 2 was what stood out among the others, producing higher quality seedlings with greater dry matter accumulation and increased water consumption.

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Oliveira, Dariane Priscila Franco de [UNESP]. "Análise técnica e econômica do uso de recipiente degradável na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148713.

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Submitted by DARIANE PRISCILA FRANCO DE OLIVEIRA null (dariane_franco@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-03T15:54:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Final 06 12 16.pdf: 2380104 bytes, checksum: 63e7cbfca21f56abc25ffd11110fd125 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-07T11:45:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dpf_me_bot.pdf: 2380104 bytes, checksum: 63e7cbfca21f56abc25ffd11110fd125 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T11:45:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dpf_me_bot.pdf: 2380104 bytes, checksum: 63e7cbfca21f56abc25ffd11110fd125 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Tão elementar quanto produzir mudas de qualidade para o campo, é produzi-las de forma eficiente e ambientalmente correta. Com o surgimento de novas tecnologias no setor de produção de mudas é possível evitar recipientes de polietileno derivados do petróleo substituindo-os por materiais degradáveis, aliados ao uso racional da água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica e econômica de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla (E. urograndis) produzidas em recipiente degradável em comparação ao recipiente de polietileno sob três manejos hídricos. O enraizamento das estacas do híbrido E. urograndis em ambos os recipientes foi realizado no viveiro da empresa Eucatex, município de Bofete – SP. Em seguida, as mudas foram conduzidas ao viveiro do Departamento de Ciência Florestal da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – SP, onde os manejos hídricos foram aplicados. Posteriormente, as mudas foram plantadas na área experimental da empresa Eucatex, município de Itatinga – SP. A pesquisa constituiu-se de dois experimentos, variando somente o ciclo de produção, sendo estes de 60 e 90 dias. Durante a fase de viveiro o delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso e na de campo o delineamento foi de blocos casualizados. Os experimentos ocorreram em esquema fatorial 3x2 referentes a dois tipos de recipientes (degradável e polietileno) e três lâminas diárias de água (10, 12 e 14 mm). A análise do desenvolvimento das mudas foi composta de avaliações morfológicas (altura da parte aérea, diâmetro de colo, massa seca radicular, massa seca aérea, massa seca total e área foliar), e fisiológicas (transpiração). A análise econômica contemplou os custos de produção, ponderando todos os insumos utilizados, custo de capital, depreciação da infraestrutura e dos equipamentos utilizados e o ciclo de produção. No campo foram feitas quatro medições mensais de altura e diâmetro e medições fisiológicas após 10 meses de plantio. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e nos casos em que houve diferença significativa foi realizado o teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). No ciclo de 60 dias, as mudas produzidas em ambos os recipientes apresentaram valores de diâmetro e altura satisfatórios para o plantio. Considerando o ciclo de 60 dias, a lâmina de 10 mm foi a mais adequada para ambos os recipientes. Para o ciclo de 90 dias, a lâmina de 10 mm foi mais adequada para as mudas do recipiente degradável e a lâmina de 12 mm para as mudas do recipiente de polietileno. O desenvolvimento no campo das plantas produzidas em ambas as embalagens mostrou-se satisfatório. Segundo as análises de investimentos, a produção de mudas de Eucaluyptus urograndis não se mostrou viável economicamente em nenhum dos sistemas de produção. So elementary as produce appropriate seedlings to field, it is produce them efficiently and environmentally correct. The emergence of new technologies in seedling production sector can avoid polyethylene containers oil derivatives replacing them with degradable materials, associated with the appropriate and rational use of water. The purpose of this study was to assess the technical and economic viability of the degradable container (Ellepot®) comparing it with the polyethylene container, in the production of seedlings of the species Eucalyptus grandis seedlings x E. urophylla (E. urograndis), under three water management. The rooting of the stakes hybrid E. urograndis in both containers was conducted at Eucatex company’s nursery, in Bofete – SP. Then, the seedlings were taken to the nursery of the Department of Forest Science in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Botucatu - SP, where water managements were applied. Thereafter, the seedlings were planted in the experimental area of Eucatex in Itatinga - SP. The research consisted of two experiments, varying only the production cycle, which are 60 and 90 days. During the nursery stage, the design was completely at random and in the field the design was randomized block. The experiments were set up in a 2x3 factorial, corresponding to two containers (polyethylene and degradable), and three daily irrigation blades (10, 12 and 14 mm). Technical analysis consisted of morphological and physiological evaluations and initial development of seedlings in field. The economic analysis included production costs, considering all the inputs used, capital cost, depreciation of the infrastructure and of the equipment used and the production cycle. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and where significant differences existed, a Tukey test was performed (p < 0.05). In the cycle of 60 days, the seedlings produced, in both containers presented, diameter and height values suitable for planting. In this cycle, the blade 10 mm was optimal for both containers. In the cycle of 90 days, the blade 10 mm was most suitable for the seedlings of the degradable container and 12mm blade to the seedlings of the polyethylene container. The development in field of plants produced in both containers was satisfactory. According to the investment analysis, the production Eucaluyptus urograndis seedlings was not economically viable in any of the production systems.

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Navroski, Marcio Carlos. "HIDROGEL COMO CONDICIONADOR DE SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3766.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The use of polymers hidroretentores mixed to the substrate, has the function of water retention and release in a gradual way to the plant, and may increase the efficiency of irrigation, reducing the consumption of water and fertilizers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using the hydrogel substrate added to the sowing of seedlings, verifying the chemical and physical properties on the substrate and the reflection on the growth of seedlings. The work was divided into six chapters, in Chapter I tested different dosages of polymer substrates and vegetable. The chemical and physical analysis of substrates and growth of seedlings demonstrate the improvement of the properties of the substrates, especially those related to water retention, and reflection on the growth of seedlings in the nursery. The use of 4 g L-1 of the hydrogel showed overall the best seedling development. In Chapter II we evaluated the relationship of the hydrogel with doses of controlled-release fertilizer. The use of the hydrogel showed improved physical and chemical characteristics of substrates, especially attributes involving storage and delivery of water to plant. The use of polymer hidroretentor in seedlings of Eucalyptus dunnii can reduce the use of fertilizer in 25 - 50% on average, with no loss in quality seedlings. The Chapter III was on the evaluation of the strengths-based polymer polyacrylamide seedling growth and the characteristics of the substrate, in addition to nutritional analysis after cultivation of seedlings in the nursery. The dosage around 4.5 g L-1 brings the best answer regarding morphological. The use of doses below 3 g L-1 or above 4.5 g L-1 could negatively influence the majority of the observed features. All the nutrients had a higher nutritional content in shoots in the presence of the hydrogel, as compared to micronutrients, there was a decrease in the content of all elements with increasing polymer dosage. Check the effect of the hydrogel in different irrigation was the goal in Chapter IV. In the absence of the hydrogel, the further development of seedlings was obtained with irrigation between 16 to 20 mm day -1. In the presence of 3 g L-1 hydrogel further development of seedlings was obtained with the irrigation of 12 mm day -1. In Chapter V we tested the effect of hydrogel in planting seedlings in pots, relating to irrigation frequencies. The polymer hidroretentor possible delay of all symptoms of water deficit assessed with higher influence when irrigation is performed less frequently. The economic evaluation of the costs with the use of hydrogel was discussed in Chapter VI. The use of lower doses, together with savings from the reduction of fertilization and especially with the water, the use of the hydrogel may represent reduction of production costs. In general, the results obtained with regard to the use of polymers hidroretentor confirm the information which hydrogel addition of the substrate optimizes the availability of water by accelerating the development of plants therefore better performance in absorbing water and nutrients. A utilização de polímeros hidroretentores, misturados ao substrato, tem a função de retenção de água e a sua liberação de maneira gradativa para a planta, podendo aumentar a eficácia da irrigação, reduzindo o consumo de água e o uso de fertilizantes. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar a viabilidade do uso do hidrogel adicionado ao substrato na semeadura das mudas, verificando-se as propriedades químicas e físicas no substrato e o efeito no crescimento das mudas. O trabalho foi dividido em seis capítulos, no Cap. I foram testados diferentes substratos e dosagens do polímero vegetal. A análise química e física dos substratos e o crescimento das mudas demonstram a melhoria das propriedades dos substratos, principalmente as relacionadas à retenção de água, tendo reflexo no crescimento das mudas no viveiro. O uso de 4 g L-1 do hidrogel apresentou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii. No Cap. II foi avaliada a relação do hidrogel com doses de adubação de liberação controlada. O uso do hidrogel apresentou melhoria das características químicas e físicas dos substratos, principalmente aos atributos que envolvem armazenamento e disponibilização de água à planta. O uso do polímero hidroretentor na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii pode reduzir o uso de adubação em 25 - 50%, em média, não havendo prejuízo na qualidade das mudas. O Cap. III foi relativo à avaliação das dosagens do polímero a base de poliacrilamida no crescimento das mudas e nas características do substrato, além da análise nutricional das mudas após o cultivo no viveiro. A dose em torno de 4,5 g L-1 ocasionou a melhor resposta quanto às características morfológicas. O uso de dosagens abaixo de 3 g L-1 ou acima de 4,5 g L-1 influenciaram negativamente na maioria das características observadas. Quanto ao teor nutricional houve maior concentração de macronutrientes na parte aérea na presença do hidrogel, já em relação aos micronutrientes, houve decréscimo no teor de todos os elementos com o aumento da dose do polímero. Verificar o efeito do hidrogel em diferentes lâminas de irrigação foi o objetivo no Cap. IV. Na ausência do hidrogel, o maior desenvolvimento das mudas foi obtido com as lâminas de irrigação entre 16 a 20 mm dia -1. Na presença de 3 g L-1 de hidrogel o maior desenvolvimento das mudas foi obtido com a irrigação de 12 mm dia -1. No Cap. V testou-se o efeito do hidrogel no plantio das mudas em vasos, relacionando com frequências de irrigação. O polímero hidroretentor possibilitou o retardamento de todos os sintomas de déficit hídrico avaliados apresentando maior influência quando a irrigação é efetuada em menor frequência. A avaliação econômica do uso do hidrogel foi abordado no Cap. VI. O uso de menores doses, aliado a economia obtida com a redução da adubação e principalmente com o consumo de água, o uso do hidrogel pode representar redução dos custos de produção. Em geral, os resultados obtidos com relação ao uso de polímeros hidrorretentores ratificam a informação que a adição de hidrogéis no substrato otimiza a disponibilidade de água, acelerando o desenvolvimento das plantas, em consequência de uma melhor performance na absorção de água e nutrientes.

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Junior, Eusimio Felisbino Fraga. "Considerações sobre o manejo de irrigação na produtividade e qualidade de gemas de cana-de-açúcar para viveiros de mudas-pré-brotadas (MPB)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-25062015-111700/.

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O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar depara-se com a falta de tecnologias alternativas inovadoras para impulsionar sua produtividade diante dos crescentes custos de mão de obra e insumos, tornando-se essencial aumentar a produtividade da cana de forma sustentável. A cana-de-açúcar é comercialmente plantada, utilizando-se cortes de toletes ou gemas. Este método de cultivo está se tornando gradualmente antieconômico, devido ao elevado custo das \"áreas de viveiros\" usadas para a renovação de canaviais, que demandam mais de 20 por cento do custo total de produção para renovação/novos plantios. Dessa forma, necessita-se de métodos alternativos de plantio, que impulsionem a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar sobre princípios de um planejamento adequado; entre outras práticas, devem estar inclusas a formação de viveiros sadios, com otimização de áreas destinadas à multiplicação de mudas e também a escolha das melhores opções entre os materiais genéticos para a formação do canavial. Este trabalho baseia-se na hipótese de que, para viveiros de cana-de-açúcar, exista uma combinação mais adequada entre a lâmina de irrigação/intensidade do déficit hídrico e a posição da gema ao longo do colmo; desta forma, aumenta-se a produtividade de gemas de cana-de-açúcar, que serão utilizadas no plantio do sistema de mudas-pré-brotadas (MPB). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, no que se refere ao viveiro de mudas, o efeito de quatro lâminas de irrigação, quatro intensidades de déficit hídrico na fase de maturação, quatro posições ao longo do colmo para oito variedades de cana-de-açúcar irrigadas por gotejamento, assim como também a produtividade por área e os custos de produção de gemas viáveis de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Piracicaba - SP, no Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\" (ESALQ/USP), em ambiente protegido (estufa). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos inteiramente aleatorizados, com três blocos completos. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial (4x4x4x8), totalizando-se assim 511 tratamentos e 1536 parcelas experimentais. Os tratamentos testados foram: lâmina de irrigação ao longo do ciclo, com quatro níveis (Lâmina); intensidade do déficit hídrico na fase final do ciclo para maturação da cana-de-açúcar, com quatro estratégias de restrição hídrica (Maturação); posição da gema ao longo do comprimento do colmo, com quatro posições (Posição); e variedade comercial de cana-de-açúcar, com oito variedades (Variedade). Considerando-se que o presente estudo foi desenvolvido através de irrigação por gotejamento de alta frequência sob irrigação plena e irrigação com déficit, pode-se concluir que: a) a lâmina de irrigação que repõe o total de água requerido com alta frequência (L100) promove um aumento médio de 42% no total de gemas viáveis produzidas por hectare, comparado com o fornecimento de metade da lâmina de irrigação requerida (L50); b) as gemas localizadas no segundo quarto do dossel da touceira tem maior capacidade de pegamento, bem como as próximas do ápice; c) a adoção de déficit hídrico na fase pré-colheita (estratégias de maturação) em condições de irrigação plena (L100) podem reduzir em média 11% o número de gemas viáveis por hectare; d) a produtividade da água para gemas de cana-de-açúcar (2,88 à 3,17 litros gema-1) não tem relação com a lâmina de irrigação ou a estratégia de maturação adotada, sendo influenciada somente pelo material genético utilizado (variedade); e) as estratégias de restrição do volume de água aplicado (L50, L75 e L125) oneram em até 51% os custos de produção para cada gema viável produzida, comparado à irrigação plena (L100). Sugarcane crop is facing a difficult road ahead due the rising input and labor costs and the lack of innovative alternative technologies to boost productivity. Thus, it is essential not only increase the productivity of sugarcane, but also keep it in a sustainable way, had conserving limited resources throughout time. To accomplish this, there is a strong necessity to use alternative methods of production to boost sugarcane productivity on the principles of \'\'more with less\'\'. More than ever, the answer refers to proper planning, which includes among other practices, the formation of healthy nursery, with definable areas intended to multiplication of seedlings and the choice of the best options among the available materials for the formation of cane field. Sugarcane is cultivated using cuts of stalks or bud chips and this cultivation method is gradually becoming uneconomical due the cost of \"nurseries areas\" used for renew old areas, requiring more than 20 percent of the total production cost for renovation/new plantings. This work has the hypothesis that for sugarcane, there is a better combination of water depth / intensity of water stress and bud chip position along the stem, in order to maximize the fixation / development of buds. The objective is evaluate the effect of four irrigation levels, four water stress intensities in the maturation phase, four positions along the stem, for eight varieties of sugarcane submitted to drip irrigation, analyzing the related variables quality seedlings (productivity and cost of viable buds of sugarcane). The experiment was conducted in Piracicaba - SP, in the research area of the Department of Biosystems Engineering of the College of Agriculture \"Luiz de Queiroz\" (ESALQ / USP), in a protected environment (greenhouse). The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with 3 complete blocks. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design (4x4x4x8), totaling 511 treatments and 1536 experimental plots. The treatments were: water depth during the cycle with 4 levels (Water depths); commercial variety of cane sugar, with 8 varieties (Variety), intensity of water deficit in the final phase of the maturation of sugarcane, 4 water restriction strategies (maturation); and bud chip position along the stem length, 4 position (position). Considering the conditions in which this study was developed: drip irrigation high frequency under full irrigation and irrigation deficit, it can be concluded that: a) The water depth that returned the total water required in high frequency (L100) promotes an average of 42% increase in total viable bud chips produced per hectare, compared with when it was supplied half of the required water depth (L50); b) Bud chips located in the second part of the canopy has a higher fixation capacity, as well as the buds located at the top; c) The adoption of water deficit in the pre-harvest phase (maturity strategies) in full irrigation conditions (L100) can reduce an average of 11% the number of viable buds per hectare; d) The water productivity of sugarcane bud chip (2,88 à 3,17 litros gema-1) has no relation to the water depth or adopted maturation strategy, being influenced by the used genetic material (variety); e) The restriction water strategies applied (L50, L75 and L125) can increase up to 51% of the costs for each viable bud produced compared to full irrigation (L100).

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Soares, Sílvio Roberto Fernandes. "Cultivo de mudas de Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn com uso de águas hipersalinas e diferentes substratos." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Manejo de Solo e Água, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/816.

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Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T14:57:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) Rejected by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br), reason: corrigir referencia on 2017-09-25T13:11:54Z (GMT) Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-09-25T13:12:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-10-27T13:03:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-10-27T13:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-27T13:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The global problem regarding the degradation of mangroves encourages research aimed at maintaining or restoring this environment. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, the saline industry, through research projects in partnership with universities, seeks a viable alternative to the use of hypersaline water, bittern, from salt production, linked to mangrove restoration projects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn, 1807 produced with the use of hypersaline and low salinity water in substrate with and without coconut fiber (CF). The experiment was set up in a greenhouse at the Center of Agrarian Sciences - UFERSA – Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte. The effect of three irrigation water salinity levels (A1 = 0.5 dS.m-1; A2 = 29.6 dS.m-1, A3 = 54.2 dS.m-1) was evaluated in three concentrations of substrate-restinga sand (S1= 100% AR, S2= 50%AR + 50% FC, e S3 = 75% AR + 25% CF). The experimental design was randomized blocks, 3x3 factorial arrangement, four blocks, totaling 36 plots with 25 plants in each plot. At 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105 days after the application of the treatments (DAT), analyses on the growth of seedlings included the leaf number (NF); the stem diameter (DC); plant height (AP); length of the largest root (R); dry matter of the root and shoot system (MSSR and MSPA), leaf area (AF) and unitary leaf area (AFU). With these data, we calculated the ratios e indices: root/shoot ratio (RR-PA), shoot/root ratio (RPA-R) and shoot height/stem diameter ratio (RAP-DC), total dry matter (MST), Dickson quality index (IQD) and leaf area index (LAI). Soil samples were also taken for monitoring the chemical variables of the substrate (electrical conductivity/EC, pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (t), SB and PST). At the end of the experiment, it was concluded that the addition of coconut fiber did not minimize the effect of the salts on seedling growth. The waters 0.5 dS.m-1 and 29 dS.m-1 in interaction with restinga sand substrate represented the best interactions. The interaction water with 5% (29,6 dS.m-1) hypersaline mixture plus restinga sand substrate is the most suitable for production of seedlings under the conditions of this experiment, since these would have greater capacity to adapt to the hypersaline conditions verified in mangrove ecosystems A problemática mundial em relação à degradação dos manguezais é fonte de estímulo para pesquisas que visem à manutenção ou recomposição desse ambiente. No Estado do Rio Grande do Norte a indústria salineira, por meio de projetos de pesquisa em parceria com universidades, busca uma alternativa viável para o uso da água hipersalina, água mãe, proveniente da produção sal, atrelada a projetos de recuperação do ecossistema de manguezal. Com o presente estudo, objetiva-se avaliar a qualidade de mudas da espécie Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn, 1807, produzida com o uso da mistura de águas hipersalinas e de baixa salinidade em substrato com e sem fibra coco (FC). O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências Agrárias – UFERSA – Mossoró/RN. Avaliou-se o efeito de três níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (A1 = 0,5 dS.m-1; A2 = 29,6 dS.m-1, A3 = 54,2 dS.m-1) com três concentrações de substrato - areia de restinga (AR): (S1= 100% AR, S2= 50%AR + 50% FC, e S3 = 75% AR + 25% FC). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 3x3, quatro blocos, totalizando 36 parcelas, com 25 plantas em cada parcela. Aos 21, 42, 63, 84 e 105 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT), foram realizados estudos de crescimento das mudas em que as variáveis avaliadas foram número de folhas (NF); diâmetro do caule (DC); altura da planta (AP); comprimento da maior raiz (R); matéria seca do sistema radicular e da parte aérea (MSSR e MSPA), área foliar (AF) e área foliar unitária (AFU). De posse desses dados, foram calculados as relações e índices: relação raiz/parte aérea (RR-PA), relação parte aérea/raiz (RPA-R) e relação altura da parte aérea/diâmetro do caule (RAP-DC), matéria seca total (MST) e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD), índice de área foliar (IAF). Também se procedeu a avaliação das amostras de solo para o acompanhamento das variáveis químicas do substrato (condutividade elétrica/CE, pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (t), SB e PST). Ao final do experimento, concluiu-se que a adição de fibra de coco não minimizou o efeito dos sais sobre o crescimento das mudas. As águas 0,5 dS.m-1 e 29dS.m-1 em interação com substrato areia de restinga foram as melhores interações. A interação água com 5% (29,6 dS.m-1) de mistura hipersalina mais substrato areia de restinga é a mais indicada para produção de mudas em condições desse experimento, pois estas teriam maior capacidade de se adaptar às condições de hipersalinidade, verificadas nos ecossistemas de mangue 2017-09-22

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French, Robert John. "Leaf senescence and water stress in wheat seedlings /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf875.pdf.

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Fleming, Robert LeSueur. "Effects of site preparation in interior plateau clearcuts on the soil water regime and the water relations of conifer seedlings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41652.

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Site preparation effects on growing season soil water regimes were investigated on three clearcut, grass-dominated sites in the Interior Douglas-fir (IDFdk), Montane Spruce (MSxk) and Engelmann spruce-Subalpine fir (ESSFxc) Biogeoclimatic Subzones, near Kamloops, British Columbia. The response of newly planted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) to these treatments was determined at the IDFdk site. Soil water regimes were measured in scalped, ripped and herbicide site preparation treatments and in an untreated control using a neutron moisture meter, a two-probe gamma-density gauge, tensiometers and thermocouple psychrometers. At the IDFdk, seedlings were spring planted in each of the treatments and control to determine whether microclimate modification by site preparation would improve seedling water relations, growth and survival during the first growing season. Root zone soil water content was most limited at the low-elevation site (IDFdk) and least limited at the high-elevation site (ESSFxc). The different site preparation treatments provided similar increases in root zone soil water content, profile water storage and drainage at each site. This resulted in substantial increases in soil water supply at the lowest two sites. Site preparation resulted in increased Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), leaf area, root egress, root collar basal area and dry matter production. Survival of both species was high in the control and in all site preparation treatments. Both species had similar seasonal patterns of gs and E in the control. In the site preparation treatments, lodgepole pine had greater gs, and by late summer, greater E than Douglas-fir. Although lodgepole pine had substantially higher twig xylem pressure potentials and lower soil-plant liquid flow resistances than Douglas-fir, both species appeared well adapted to survive drought. First growing season stomatal responses of both species to environmental conditions, including normalized vapor pressure deficit at seedling height (Ds/P), solar irradiance (Rs) and root zone extractable water (Φe), were similar when normalized against annual maximum conductance (gsmax ). A multiplicative model with non-linear least squares optimization (NLLS) of response functions to Rs, Ds/P and Φe provided a simple, reasonably accurate description of gs/gsmax for both species, and accounted for differences in gs between the control and ripped treatment. In most cases, the NLLS models developed for a given species and year resulted in relatively precise (R²>0.60) and unbiased estimates of gs /gsmax, and yielded estimates of mean daily stomatal conductance (Gs ) and total daily transpiration (T) within 20% of measured values, for the same species in other years. Land and Food Systems, Faculty of Graduate

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Passos, Leonidas Paixao. "Growth and water status responses of mung bean (Vigna mungo L.) and other dicot species to osmotic stress." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184668.

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Intact dark- and light-grown mung bean (Vigna mungo L.), black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) cowpea (Vigna unguicul a ta (L.) Wa lp.) and squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) seedlings on hydroponic medium were osmotically stressed by exposing their roots to PEG 8000 of various concentrations (-0.2 to -0.6 MPa) to determine stress effects on growth and tissue water status. Growth of dark-grown mung bean hypocotyls ceases within 40 sec upon exposure to any level of stress, and resumes within 10 to 45 min. Growth of all other seedlings were measured usually after 3 to 24 h stress, and in 3 h, elongation is inhibited in dark-grown and is stopped in light-grown tissues. In dark-grown mung bean, black bean and squash hypocotyls and pea epicotyls, growth rates after 24 h stress were found to be proportional to the Ψ of the medium. In mung bean hypocotyls, growth stopped before any change in Ψ or Ψ(π) occurred in the growing region. In this tissue and also in dark-grown squash hypocotyls, pea epicotyls, and in lightgrown cowpea hypocotyls, equivalent reductions in Ψ and Ψ(π) were evident in the growing region after 3 h, so turgor remained constant. In other species, osmotic adjustment with turgor maintenance was evident after 24 h in both the growing and expanded regions. The results with mung bean hypocotyls provided the first demonstration that stress causes an almost instantaneous stress-caused cessation of elongation in dicots. Since data from all plants showed that stress causes growth rate inhibition or cessation without a concomittant decrease in Ψ(p), it is concluded that turgor is not the factor regulating growth. More likely, stress-caused growth and water status changes are responses to an earlier signal, such as a stress-caused reduction in the apoplastic Ψ.

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19

McKimmie, T., and A. K. Dobrenz. "Effects of Salinity on the Water Potential of Alfalfa Seedlings." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200810.

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Alfalfa seedlings were grown under saline conditions for six weeks and separated into two populations, based on height. Water potential was measured on roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of tall and short plants. Tall plants had a higher water potential for each plant part.

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20

Ellsworth, Todd, David Robinson, and Albert Dobrenz. "PEG-Induced Stress on Alfalfa Seedlings." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203793.

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21

Sayed, Saud Saeed. "Studies of water-stress induced senescence and abscission in cotton seedlings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305826.

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22

Ffolliott, Peter F. "Initial Survival and Growth of Tree Seedlings in a Water Harvesting Agrisystem." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296410.

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From the Proceedings of the 1988 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 16, 1988, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

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23

Valen?a, David da Cunha. "Irriga??o automatizada com d?ficit controlado em alface em ambiente protegido: produ??o em vasos e em bandejas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1360.

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Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-09T11:54:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - David da Cunha Valen?a.pdf: 2653024 bytes, checksum: d2b4461225be75ec25872fbc06de8bdb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-09T11:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - David da Cunha Valen?a.pdf: 2653024 bytes, checksum: d2b4461225be75ec25872fbc06de8bdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ The concern with the intensive use of natural resources has become increasingly justifying the development of new technologies aiming their rational use such as automated irrigation systems. The automation of irrigation could to allow water saving increasing efficiency of its use in agricultural production. The first chapter of this study was to evaluate five different volumes (130, 100, 80, 60 and 33% of volume of Simplified Irrigation Controller - SIC) in the production of lettuce in pots in a production system called "Organic Potponics". It was used the SIC, whose operation is based on tension in the soil solution. The different volumes were achieved by drippers association of different flow rates in the same pipe. It was evaluated fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and diameter of lettuce plants (production variables); stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, relative water content in leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence (physiological variables); and the water use efficiency (WUE). The corresponding volume 126% specified by the SIC installed to a tension soil of 6 kPa was that provided the best results production of dry weight, whereas the maximal WUE was obtained for the corresponding slide 80%. It indicates the volume of 83%, because it provided the best economy of water and a satisfactory production to sale. In the second chapter aimed to evaluate the use of the SIC under four different tensions to the substrate for the production of lettuce seedlings in trays under greenhouse conditions. It was evaluated fresh and dry weight of shoots, number of leaves, shoot height, leaf length and leaf area (production variables); chlorophyll content (physiological variable); and WUE. Higher water stress in the substrate decreased irrigation events, harming the growth of linearly seedlings and causing large percentage of deaths. The tension of 4 kPa was the one that provided the highest values in all production variables. The tension of 6.5 kPa despite having a percentage of death, can be used to produce more resistant seedlings A preocupa??o com o uso intensivo dos recursos naturais tem se tornado cada vez maior, justificando o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que buscam sua aplica??o racional, como dispositivos autom?ticos de irriga??o. A automa??o da irriga??o pode permitir a economia da ?gua aumentando a efici?ncia de seu uso na produ??o agr?cola. O primeiro cap?tulo desse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar cinco diferentes volumes de irriga??o (130, 100, 80, 60 e 33% do volume do Acionador Simplificado de Irriga??o - ASI) na produ??o de alface em vasos em um sistema de produ??o denominado ?Vasoponia Org?nica?. Foi utilizado o ASI, cujo funcionamento baseia-se na tens?o da solu??o do solo. Os diferentes volumes foram conseguidos pela associa??o de gotejadores de vaz?es distintas em uma mesma tubula??o. Foram avaliados pesos fresco e seco, n?mero de folhas e di?metro das plantas de alface (vari?veis de produ??o); condut?ncia estom?tica, Teor de clorofila, conte?do relativo de ?gua nas folhas e fluoresc?ncia da clorofila (vari?veis fisiol?gicas); al?m da efici?ncia de uso da ?gua (EUA). O volume correspondente a 126% do indicado pelo ASI, instalado para tens?o de 6 kPa no solo, foi a que proporcionou os melhores resultados de produ??o de massa seca, enquanto que a m?xima EUA foi obtido para a l?mina correspondente a 83%. Indica-se o volume de 83%, pois proporcionou a melhor economia de ?gua e uma produ??o satisfat?ria ? comercializa??o. No segundo cap?tulo, objetivou-se avaliar a utiliza??o do ASI sob quatro diferentes tens?es no substrato para a produ??o de mudas de alface em bandejas de isopor em ambiente protegido. Foram avaliados peso fresco e da parte a?rea, n?mero de folhas, altura da parte a?rea, comprimento de folhas e ?rea foliar (vari?veis de produ??o); teor de clorofila (vari?vel fisiol?gica); al?m da EUA. Maiores tens?es de ?gua no substrato diminu?ram o n?mero de eventos de irriga??o, prejudicando o crescimento das mudas de forma linear e ocasionando grande percentual de mortes. A tens?o de 4 kPa foi a que proporcionou os maiores valores em todas as vari?veis de produ??o. A tens?o de 6,5 kPa apesar de apresentar um percentual de morte, pode ser utilizada para a produ??o de mudas mais resistentes.

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24

Al-Maskari, Ahmed bin Yahya. "The influence of Cycocel on the responses of wheat plants to water limitations." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4737/.

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Considerable research has been concentrated on the foliage application of Cycoce, whereas little attention has focused on its use in seed application. Imbibition of caryopses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (Cycocel/CCC) resulted in a reduction in germination rate and a stunting of seedling growth. This was consistent with the appearance of a thicker stem, with shorter leaves than the control. Chlorophyll content per unit weight of leaf and numbers of tillers initiated both increased in comparison to controls. However, Cycocel treatment was accompanied by an enhanced survival capacity of seedlings when they were subjected to water limitation under growth room conditions. Seedlings grown from caryopses imbibed in 0.4 % Cycocel and exposed to a 7-day cycle of watering remained green and turgid beyond the time when the controls had wilted and died. Seedlings, at the fourth leaf stage, showed no wilting 23 days after watering had been withheld totally. Enhanced survival was also noted in seedlings when caryopses had been imbibed in Cycocel for 24 hours followed by a period of dry storage for up to 2 weeks prior to sowing. Enhanced survival was also detected as a carryover into the tillers, and the subsequent GEN2 seedlings, derived from GEN1plants. Cycocel pre-treatment did not alter Stomatal Index to an extent which could lead to enhanced water use efficiency, nor to the accumulation of proline to bring compatible solutes into equilibrium. However, the pre-treatment with Cycocel was found to enhance growth as a counter to water stress, and maintained fresh and dry weight of shoots when examined under the polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced stress. At the anatomical level the microscopic investigation of the GEN2 leaf tissues, derived from GENl plant, revealed a fully turgid cell structure, cells did not collapse and tissues were not distorted after the extraction of chlorophyll when compared with the control of the continuous watering as well as the moderate watering regime. Additionally, the cortex of GENl plants derived from pre-treated caryopses, showed a bright fluorescing unidentified deposition under Nutrient Solution (NS). This was more much greater when sampled from the NS + PEG treatments. From the results achieved Cycocel pre-treatment of caryopses appeared to have potential in manipulating wheat plants against water limitation. However, the mechanism (s) by which this can be achieved was not fully resolved in this study. Further investigations are required at the biochemistry and molecular level, particularly in relation to potential carryover effects between generations.

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25

Darwiche, Amal O., and Peter F. Ffolliott. "Effects of Plant Growth Regulators, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Irrigation on Eldarica Pine Seedlings." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296436.

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From the Proceedings of the 1990 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 21, 1990, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona Effects of applications of cytokinin-like and gibberellic growth regulators, nitrogen fertilizer, and irrigation on the development of containerized eldarica pine (Pinus brutia var. eldarica) seedlings was studied in a greenhouse for 13 weeks. All concentrations of growth regulators reduced nitrogen content of needles and dry weight of shoots; importantly, medium and high concentrations also adversely affected root collar diameter growth and shoot elongation. Nitrogen fertilization alone was not significant in its effect on seedling development, due probably to the nitrogen-rich nature of the potting medium. It is suggested that contentration is a critical factor when applying growth regulators, as phytotoxicity of seedlings can result at high rates.

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26

Bababe, B. "Soil hydraulic conductivity and its influence on water status of Lolium perenne, L. seedlings." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376253.

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27

Winkel, Von Kenneth. "Effects of seedbed modification, sowing depth and soil water on emergence of warm-season grasses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1990_108_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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28

Al-Akel, Saleh, and Paul G. Bartels. "Water Stress-Induced Osmotic Adjustment in Expanding Leaves of Tepary Bean )Phaseolus actifolins, Gray) Seedlings." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221443.

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Tepary beans perform better than common beans under drought conditions. The mechanism of drought tolerance in tepary bean seedlings was explored by determining the water potential, osmotic potentia4 relative water content and level of free sugars and concentration of K ions within expanding leaves. Two week old seedlings were subjected to a gradual water stress with sorbitol solutions exhibiting OP values of -0.19 MPa and -0.47 MPa. Tugor remained constant whereas WP, OP and RWC declined following the stress treatment. Osmotic adjustment (0.4) occurred in each treatment but the contribution of sucrose and fructose to OA was minor. Some sorbitol was translocated to leaves and contributed to OA. The K ions did not contribute to the OA. A significant decrease in cell size was observed

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29

Akel, Saleh Ali Al 1963. "Water stress-induced osmotic adjustment in expanding leaves of tepary bean (Phaseolus actifolius Gray) seedlings." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278372.

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Tepary (Phaseolus actifolius Gray) beans perform better than common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) under drought conditions. The mechanism of drought tolerance in tepary bean seedlings was explored by determining the water potential (WP), osmotic potential (OP), relative water content (RWC), free sugar concentration, and the level of K ion within the expanding leaves. Two week old tepary bean seedlings were subjected to a gradual water stress with sorbitol solutions exhibiting OP values of -0.19 MPa and -0.47 MPa. Turgor remained constant whereas WP, OP and RWC declined following the stress treatment. Osmotic adjustment (OA) occurred in each treatment but the contribution of sucrose and fructose was minor. Some sorbitol was translocated to leaves and contributed to OA. The decrease of K ions in leaves indicated that these ions did not contribute to the OA. A significant decrease in cell size was observed as determined by decrease in TW/DW ratio.

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30

Rayan, Ahmed Mohamed. "The elucidation of the pathway of water movement in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings using anatomical, cytological and physiological approaches." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184785.

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Leaves of young barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Arivat) seedlings were examined anatomically, physiologically and cytologically to infer the pathway of transpirational water movement and to understand the basis for the selective responsiveness of the growing region to osmotic stress. Vessels with open lumens were found to extend from the intercalary meristem to the expanded blade, and all vessels are present in 5 functional vascular bundles (FVB) which are separated by 20 to 30 closely packed mesophyll cells and 2 to 3 immature vascular bundles (IVB). Heat pulse transport data confirmed the anatomical suggestion that water will move throughout the leaf in open vessels and they showed also that osmotic stress will reduce water transport within 1 min, which is before transpiration is lowered. Water representing about 2 per cent of the total tissue water was obtained by centrifuging cut sections of the growing region at 5 X g against an adsorptive surface. This water is probably xylem plus cell wall water because it is easily removed, its volume is 2X that calculated to be in the vessels, and it exchanges more readily with the water in the nutrient solution than the bulk tissue water. This lack of free exchange indicates apoplastic water is somewhat separated from mesophyll cells, and it is hypothesized that osmotic stress causes sudden growth cessation and initation of metabolic changes because (a) reduced water availability together with ongoing transpiration will cause a sudden reduction in the xylem's water potential, (b) there is a lateral transmission of this reduced water potential through walls of all cells in the growing region, and (c) cells can respond in some way to changes in water potential around them. Most cells in the expanded blade are considered unresponsive to osmotic stress because transpirational water will move predominantly from the 5 FVB through the closest stomata, so only cells closest to those bundles will be altered rapidly by stress.

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31

Livingston, Nigel Jonathan. "Water relations, survival and growth of conifer seedlings planted on a high elevation south-facing clearcut." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27130.

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Equal numbers of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Doug.) Forbes) seedlings,,were spring planted, in 1981 and 1982, as 1-0 styroplugs on a south-facing high elevation clearcut located on Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. A number of treatments were applied to determine whether modification of seedling microclimate would increase survival and growth. These treatments included inclining the seedlings to the southwest, provision of shade cards, irrigation, and irrigation and shade cards combined. The highest survival rates, regardless of treatment, were exhibited by Douglas-fir. Approximately 72% and 82% of untreated seedlings, planted in 1981 and 1982 respectively, survived. Survival of seedlings that received treatment ranged from 81% to 95%. Douglas-fir seedlings were able to survive and grow because they were highly drought tolerant. Unirrigated seedlings lowered their osmotic potential by over 1.1 MPa in the course of a growing season in response to declining soil water potentials and consequently were able to maintain turgor. The transpiration rates of these seedlings were never less than 50% of those that were irrigated. Western hemlock, and to an even greater extent, Pacific silver fir seedlings lacked stress avoidance and tolerance mechanisms. Consequently there was very poor survival of both species. Survival rates were significantly increased by shade cards and irrigation but never exceeded 64% in either species. The extent and type of growth in all species was markedly affected by changes in microclimate. Irrigated seedlings developed the largest shoots and the smallest root systems. Shaded seedlings had larger shoots, but generally less roots, than untreated seedlings which had the lowest shoot to root dry mass ratios. A boundary-line analysis model that related seedling stomatal conductance (g[sub s]) to measurements of hourly average solar irradiance, air temperature, vapour pressure deficit and average root zone soil water potential, accounted for over 70% of the variability in g[sub s]. When the number of hours from sunrise was included as an independent variable, over 85% of the variability in g[sub s]could be explained. Measurements of seedling seasonal dry matter accumulation were better correlated with estimates of seedling growing season transpiration than with estimates of average growing season total seedling g[sub s]. Land and Food Systems, Faculty of Graduate

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32

BassiriRad, Hormoz. "Influence of temperature on root water and ion transport and the subsequent effect on shoot water status and growth of barley and sorghum seedlings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185129.

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Short term root temperature treatments between 15 to 40°C at a constant air temperature produced a differential response in shoot growth of barley and sorghum seedlings. Maximum growth rate occurred at 25°C in barley and 35°C in sorghum. The stimulation of growth in barley in the suboptimal temperature ranges (15 to 25°C) was associated with both enhanced L(p) and Jᵢ whereas growth inhibition at elevated temperatures (>25°C) was associated with no changes in L(p), but was accompanied by a severe inhibition of solute fluxes suggesting that supraoptimal temperature inhibition of growth in barley is caused by limited ion and not water supply to the leaves. In sorghum, the enhanced shoot growth in the 15 to 25°C range coincided with stimulated L(p) and Jᵢ. Between 25 to 35° temperature induced enhancement of growth was mainly caused by enhanced L(p). In both plants even when root L(p) appeared to cause temperature induced changes in growth, the bulk leaf water, osmotic and turgor potential remained unaffected. It is suggested that when reduced water supply limits growth, undetectable changes in xylem water potential may mediate temperature response in root L(p) and growth. Temperature effects on ion transport across the root were found to be regulated at the site of ion release into the xylem (Φ(cx)) rather than the site of ion entry into the root (Φ(oc)). When ABA was added to the external solution, L(p) was enhanced but qualitative responses of Jᵢ and L(p) to changes in root temperature remained unchanged in barley. However, addition of ABA to the medium with sorghum roots caused a severe inhibition of solute fluxes at temperatures above 25°C which happened only when the temperature was raised above 35°C in the absence of ABA. The ABA study suggested that temperature induced changes in root transport properties of both plants were not mediated by ABA.

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33

Kotze, Liske Marinate. "An investigation into the effects of smoke-water and GR24 on the growth of nicotiana benthamiana seedlings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5215.

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Thesis (MSc (Plant Biotechnology))--University of Stellenboscg, 2010. Includes bibliography. Title page: Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Novel plant growth regulating substances (PGRs) are emerging as a useful tool to investigate important growth traits in plants. This study reports on growth promotion pathways leading to enhanced biomass accumulation in two PGRs sharing a common α, β-unsaturated furanone moiety. Growth promotion by GR24, a synthetic strigolactone, and an aqueous smoke solution (including the active compound, KAR1) in physiologically normal seedlings was characterized by enhanced biomass accumulation and higher seedling vigour. Root architecture (lateral root number and root length) and shoot size (fresh and dry shoot weight and leaf area) were also dramatically improved following GR24 and smoke/KAR1 treatment. Despite these apparent similarities, parallel transcript and phytohormone profiling identified only a limited number of overlapping entities. Four common up-regulated and nineteen down-regulated mRNA transcripts were identified; whilst amongst the phytohormones that were analyzed, only ABA and JA levels were commonly increased between the treatments. This suggests that, whilst the phenotypic end response(s) was similar, it was attained via distinct pathways. The limited number of co-expressed transcripts between these treatments, as well as repressed biomass accumulation when combining GR24 and aqueous smoke in a single treatment suggests, however, that a certain degree of cross-talk in either signal perception/transduction and/or biomass regulation could not be ruled out. In light of the structural similarity between the strigolactone and KAR1 molecules and the degree of redundancy between these treatments, it is possible that these two molecules might share a common receptor/perception pathway. Two silencing vectors were constructed, specifically aimed at silencing Nicotiana benthamiana genes MAX4 and MAX2 which are known to function in the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway and signal transduction pathway, respectively. Transgenes designed to express single- or double-stranded-self- complementary hairpin RNA have a post translational gene silencing effect. The pHELLSGATE2 plasmid a binary vector that incorporates GATEWAY cloning technology which makes use of λ-phage-based site specific recombination, rather than restriction endonucleases and ligation, was used to construct these gene silencing vectors. These constructs can in future be used to produce Nicotiana plants with impaired strigolactone production and perception abilities and may provide evidence as to whether the signaling cascade of KAR1 and strigolactone share a degree of crosstalk. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aanvraag na plantmateriaal is besig om toe te neem, hetsy vir gebruik as mens- en diervoeding of vir die produksie van biobrandstof. Om aan hierdie behoefte te voldoen, word verskeie pogings geloods wat fokus op die optimisering van plantproduksiestelsels. Om plantgroei te stimuleer/verbeter, is ’n ingewikkelde proses en is oor die algemeen moeilik om te begryp. Die produksie van plantbiomassa is nou gekoppel aan primêre metabolisme en enige verandering in hierdie biochemiese padweë kan lei tot ongewenste newe-effekte. Gevolglik word primêre metabolisme streng beheer deur reguleringsmeganismes. ’n Nuttige alternatief tot metaboliese wysiging is deur bio-aktiewe agente te karakteriseer op grond van die veranderinge aan plantgroei wat waargeneem word. Nuwe stowwe met biologiese aktiwiteite in plantontwikkeling word elke dag ontdek en speel ’n belangrike rol in die studie van plantgroei en -ontwikkeling. Hier word verslag gelewer van twee plantgroei-stimulerende stowwe wat albei lei tot die aktivering van verbeterde plantbiomassa-akkumulasie-padweë. Swaarder plantjies met ’n verhoogde oorlewingsvermoё is waargeneem in fisiologies normale saailinge wat met ’n sintetiese strigolaktoon (GR24) of met rookwater (met aktiewe bestanddeel, KAR1) behandel is. Behandeling met hierdie twee stowwe het gelei tot soortgelyke plantbiomassa-akkummulasie- vermoё. Hierdie twee stowwe (GR24 en KAR1) deel ’n ooreenstemmende molekulêre struktuur in die vorm van ’n α, β-onversadigde furanone-moieteit. Ten spyte van die groeiverbeteringsooreenkomste, gesien in saalinge behandel met GR24 en rook/KAR1, dui verskille in transkripsie- en hormoonprofiel op twee verskillende groeistimuleringspadweë. Saailinge wat gelyktydig behandel is met ’n kombinasie van die twee stowwe het egter ’n stremming in groei getoon in vergelyking met die kontroleplantjies. Dit is egter waargeneem dat daar wel ’n mate van oorvleueling in die aantal transkripte was tussen die drie behandelinge, wat daarop dui dat die groei-regulerende padweë nie in totale onafhanklikheid funksioneer nie, maar wel sekere stappe deel. Na aanleiding van die strukturele ooreenkomste tussen die strigolaktoon (GR24) en KAR1 molekules en die mate van molekulêre kommunikasieoorvleueling word gepostuleer dat hierdie twee molekules dalk aan dieselfde reseptormodule kan bind of stimuleer. Om hierdie rede is twee geendempingsvektors geskep wat daarop gemik is om twee gene, MAX2 en MAX4, in Nicotiana benthamiana uit te doof. Die MAX2 geenproduk is betrokke in die kommunikasie en waarneming van die strigolaktoon en die MAX4 geenproduk is betrokke by die vervaardiging van die hormoon. Oordraagbare geen-kostruksies wat daarop gemik is om enkel- en dubbelstring selfkomplimentêre haarnaald-RNS te vorm, besit die vermoë om getranskribeerde geenprodukte te vernietig. Die pHELLSGATE2 plasmied is ’n binêre vektor wat GATEWAY kloneringstegnologie gebruik, waar λ-faag gebaseerde setelspesifieke rekombinasie eerder as die tradisionele ligeringsreaksie gebruik word. Hierdie konstrukte kan gebruik word om transgeniese plantjies te skep waar die vermoë om strigolaktoon te maak of waar te neem, verloor of onderdruk is. Hierdie transgeniese plantjies kan gebruik word om te bepaal of die plantgroei-stimulerende vermoë van GR24 en rook/KAR1 wel dieselfde padweë gebruik.

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34

Pfeiffer, Steven S. "Effects of Lonicera maackii on soil water content and tree seedlings in eastern deciduous forest." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375221589.

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35

Šilingienė, Gerda. "Influence of damp water steam on norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) seeds, seedlings and crop weediness." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20140123_133607-54891.

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Ecologization of agriculture and forestry directly and indirectly influences the environment, water, air, and landscape. Thus, analysis of organic forestry activities, evaluation and forecast are of scientific, ecological and political significance. Weed control and the resulting organic farming and forestry issues have attracted greater attention to the use of physical methods in weed control, because this weed control method is effective and does not leave chemical residues neither in the soil, nor in water. One of the physical methods is thermal weed control method, which contrary to the other weed control methods, leaves only dead biomass, preventing self-sowing of weed seeds in the soil, destroys some of the pests and disinfects the surface layer of soil (Upadhyaya et al, 2007). Meanwhile, as an alternative to seed treatment, various physical methods are also used (Lynikienė, 2006). However, the effect of some of the techniques on seed-born fungi are not explained, optimal exposures of the effects are unidentified (Clear et al., 2002). One of the possibilities to reduce the infestation of seeds by fungi - their thermal destruction. Žemės ir miškų ūkio ekologizavimas tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai veikia aplinką, vandenį, orą, landšaftą. Todėl ekologinės veiklos miškų ūkyje analizė, įvertinimas ir prognozė turi mokslinę, ekologinę ir politinę reikšmę (Diepenbrock, 1996). Piktžolių naikinimas ir ekologinės žemės bei miškų ūkių problemos paskatino atkreipti dėmesį į fizikinių metodų naudojimo piktžolių kontrolei svarbą, nes šis piktžolių naikinimo metodas yra efektyvus, nepaliekantis cheminių medžiagų likučių nei dirvožemyje, nei vandenyje. Vienas iš fizikinių metodų ir yra terminis piktžolių naikinimo būdas, kuris, skirtingai nuo kitų piktžolių kontrolės būdų, palieka tik negyvą jų biomasę, neleisdamas piktžolių sėkloms pasisėti dirvoje, sunaikina kai kuriuos kenkėjus ir dezinfekuoja paviršinį dirvožemio sluoksnį (Upadhyaya, 2012). Kaip alternatyva sėkloms beicuoti taip pat naudojami įvairūs fizikiniai metodai (Lynikienė, 2006). Kai kurių metodų poveikis sėklomis plintantiems mikromicetams nenustatytas, nenustatytos ir šių poveikių optimalios ekspozicijos (Clear et al., 2002). Viena iš galimybių sumažinti sėklų užterštumą mikromicetais – jų naikinimas termiškai.

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36

Tseng, Elizabeth Chang-Hsu. "The impact of ozone, water stress, and acid rain on the growth and physiology of fraser fir seedlings." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77734.

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Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of ozone, water stress, and simulated acidic rain on the growth and physiology of Fraser fir seedlings. In Experiment I, seedlings were first exposed to 2 levels of moisture stress conditioning (MSC) for four weeks, and 3 levels of ozone ( < 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10 ppm) and three levels of water stress (control, moderate, and severe) for 10 wks. The 2 MSC levels were a control (well-watered at all times) and a stress treatment in which seedlings were not watered until pre-dawn needle water potential measurements ('I') fell below -1.0 MPa. The 3 levels of water stress were a control (well-watered at all times); a moderately stressed treatment (seedlings watered when 'I' levels fell between -0.8 and -1.0 MPa); and a severely stressed treatment (seedlings watered when 'I' fell below -1.2 MPa). Fraser fir seedlings were exposed to 3 levels of simulated rain (pH 3.0, 4.3, and 5.6) and 2 levels of ozone ( < 0.02 and 0.10 ppm) in Experiment II for 10 wks. Fraser fir seedlings in Experiment III were exposed to ozone levels of < 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10 ppm ozone and control, moderate, and severe water stress (as specified above) for 10 wks during the first year. Seedlings were then exposed to 2 levels of ozone ( < 0.02 and 0.10 ppm) for 10 wks in the following year. Analysis of data indicate that ozone of 0.10 ppm significantly decreased net photosynthesis (Pn) in one study but was not significant in reducing Pn in the other two studies. Ozone also failed to reduce growth significantly; however, decreasing trends were often apparent. Fraser fir biomass, transpiration (Ts), and needle conductance (Cs) were significantly decreased by water stress. Water-use efficiency was also improved as a result of prior moisture stress. Simulated acidic rain did not result in any significant changes in biomass accumulation, height, or diameter increment over the ten week period of the study. A solution of pH 3.0 did result in significantly higher root surface area and significantly reduced Ts after 5 wks of exposure; these responses are possibly due to a fertilization effect. No treatment interactions were significant. However, the combined, cumulative effect of all of these stresses may contribute to an overall decline in forest ecosystem productivity. Master of Science

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37

Alam, Mohammed Shafiul. "Effects of acid rain and enhanced nitrogen deposition on soil water chemistry and growth of Scots pine seedlings." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU153959.

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The effects of wet-deposited acid and ammonium-N on the soil solution chemistry and growth of conifer seedling were investigated in two pot experiments run concurrently outdoors in Aberdeen. Seedlings of Scots pine growth in a range of four Scottish upland mineral soils, covering a range of expected sensitivity to acidification, were exposed to simulated acid rain (H2SO4) and nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4) treatments for 2-3 growing seasons. At the end of the main experiments, germination and early growth of Scots pine and an understorey grass species were examined in one of the polluted soils. Both acid and ammonium deposition caused significant changes in soil solution chemistry, including acidification and short-term cation mobilisation. It was shown that ammonium sulphate may cause more acidification than a corresponding amount of sulphuric acid in soils such as the limestone in the present study, due to a high nitrification rate. The direct and rapid pH reduction induced by mobile anion effects was strongly evident from the experiments, and this eventually will lead to long-term soil acidification. It was clear from the experiments that ammonium at concentrations exceeding critical load could produce similar cation displacement effects to those of more direct acid inputs. These need to be considered when setting critical loads for deposition of reduced N species. Study of the effects on plant growth revealed that acid or ammonium deposition may have site-specific effects on plants, depending on soil parent material and evolutionary state, as reflected by enhanced growth in the nutrient-rich limestone soil but poor growth in the acidic base-poor soils. This flags the need to somehow encompass overall soil nutrient status when setting critical loads. The two types of pollutant used in the experiments had similar effects on most of the studies aspects of growth of Scots pine because the overriding effect of both was that of soil acidification, and no persistent fertilizer effect on the excess N deposition on growth was evident.

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38

Löf, Magnus. "Environmental stress on establishment and growth in Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L. seedlings /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5625-8.pdf.

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39

Steenkamp, Letitia Elizabeth. "Analysis of the effects of the plant growth promoting substances GR24 and smoke water on abiotically stressed Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17863.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Almost all processes during the life of a plant are affected by the environment. Changes in phytohormone, metabolite and protein levels follow in response to changes in the environment. Plant growth promoting substances can stimulate changes at these levels to facilitate increased plant growth and yields above what the plant would normally establish. In this study, the effects of two growth promoting substances, smoke water (SW) derived from bubbling smoke from the burning of plant material through water, and a synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24, on plant growth and architecture, as well as the proteome and metabalome of salt stressed Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings were investigated. Physiological studies were conducted to identify the effects of the growth substances on salt stressed seedlings in a tissue culture system. Under non-stress conditions, SW treatment increased seedling fresh mass, root length and leaf area. Under salt stress conditions (100 mM and 150 mM NaCl), SW increased fresh mass, root length, leaf number and lateral root number significantly. Under non-stress conditions, GR24-treated seedlings showed increased fresh mass, leaf number and area and root length. When GR24-treated seedlings were placed under salt stress, the seedlings showed significant increases in fresh mass, leaf number and lateral root number, but only marginal increases in root length and leaf area. Despite these similarities, slight differences were observed in the metabolomes and proteomes of smoke water and GR24-treated seedlings, both with and without the addition of salt stress. Relatively few of the differentially expressed proteins could be identified with the instruments available. Changes in the metabolome indicated that photoassimilation and photosynthesis could be affected in response to smoke water and GR24 treatment. Our results suggest that smoke water and GR24 both promote growth under salt stress conditions in seedlings and we furthermore conclude that, although there are distinct overlaps between treatments, this is accomplished via slightly different mechanisms. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende ‘n plant se lewe word omtrent alle prosesse deur die omgewing geaffekteer. Veranderinge in die omgewing word gevolg deur veranderinge in hormoon, metaboliet en protein vlakke. Plant groei stimulante affekteer hierdie vlakke om plant groei en -opbrengs na bo normalle vlakke te verhoog. In hierdie studie word die effek van twee groei stimulante, rook water verkry deur rook van plant materiaal deur water te borrel en ‘n sintetiese strigolaktoon, GR24, ondersoek op ‘n morfologiese, metaboliese en ‘n proteomiese vlak in Nicotiana benthamiana saailinge. ’n Studie is onderneem om die veranderinge as gevolg van die onderskeie groei stimulante te ondersoek in ‘n weefsel kultuur sisteem. Rook water het onder normale groei omstandighede vars en droeë massa, blaar aantal asook wortel en blaar lengte verhoog. Rook water het na sout behandeling (100 en 150 mM NaCl) steeds vars massa, wortel lengte, blaai aantal en laterale wortel aantal beduidend verhoog in vergelyking met die sout stres kontrole. Behandeling met GR24 het ook vars massa, wortel lengte, blaar aantal en grootte verhoog en onder sout stres met GR24 is ‘n beduidende vergroting opgemerk in vars massa, blaar grootte en laterale wortel aantal. Ongeag van die veranderinge in groei is klein verskille opgemerk in die metaboliet en protein studies. Net ‘n paar proteine kon positief geidentifiseer word met die apparaat beskikbaar. Verandering in die metaboloom wys na veranderinge in fotoassimilasie en fotosintese in reaksie tot rook water en GR24. Hierdie resultate lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat rook water en GR24 beide groei verbeter in saailing behandel met sout en ook dat alhoewel daar sekere ooreenkomste is tussen die reaksies as gevolg van die plant groei stimulante, dit wel geskiet deur geringe verskillende meganismes.

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40

MASON, HUGH STANLEY. "ALTERATIONS IN POLYRIBOSOME AND MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM AND MESSENGER RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN UTILIZATION IN OSMOTICALLY STRESSED PLANT SEEDLINGS (WATER STATUS, GROWTH, HORDEUM VULGARE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188155.

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Polyribosome aggregation state in growing tissues of barley and wheat leaf or stems of pea and squash was studied in relation to seedling growth and water status of the growing tissue in plants at various levels of osmotic stress. It was found to be highly correlated with water potential and osmotic potential of the growing tissue and with leaf or stem elongation rate. Stress rapidly reduced polyribosome content and water status in growing tissues of barley leaves; changes were slow and slight in the non-growing leaf blade. Membrane-bound and free polyribosomes were equally sensitive to stress-induced disaggregation. Incorporation of ³²PO₄³⁻ into ribosomal RNA was rapidly inhibited by stress, but stability of poly(A) ⁺RNA relative to ribosomal RNA was similar in stressed and unstressed tissues, with a half-life of about 12 hours. Stress also caused progressive loss of poly(A) ⁺RNA from these tissues. Quantitation of poly(A) and in vitro messenger template activity in polysome gradient fractions showed a shift of activity from the polysomal region to the region of 20-60 S in stressed plants. Messenger RNA in the 20-60 S region coded for the same peptides as mRNA found in the polysomal fraction. Nonpolysomal and polysome-derived messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNP) were isolated, and characteristic proteins were found associated with either fraction. Polysomal mRNP from stressed or unstressed plants were translated with similar efficiency in a wheat germ cell-free system; activity of nonpolysomal mRNP was variable, but usually less than that of polysomal mRNP. Deproteinization of mRNP failed to improve its activity. No inhibition of translation of poly(A) ⁺RNA by nonpolysomal mRNP was observed in mixing experiments with the wheat germ cell-free system. It was concluded that no translational inhibitory activity was associated with nonpolysomal mRNP from barley prepared as described.

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41

Waldenmaier, Hans Eugene. "Transcriptome analysis of vascular cavity formation in soybean cv. 'Yukihomare' seedlings in response to flooding." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1313012579.

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42

Rasbi, Salim Abdullah Rashid al [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of the growth of date palm seedlings irrigated with saline water in Sultanat of Oman / Salim bin Abdullah bin Rashid Al-Rasbi." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1016841701/34.

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43

Silva, José Mauro Santana da [UNESP]. "Crescimento de mudas de Pinus oocarpa Schiede em diferentes condições hídricas e de adubação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103423.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jms_dr_botfca.pdf: 435059 bytes, checksum: 94166d93f0c927f7d4158f3aa6ca96ab (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) The aim of this work was to compare the final development of Pinus oocarpa Schiede seedlings using tree different underwater depth and with or without coverage fertilization. The research was done inside on a glass green house at the UNESP - College of Agronomical Science, Rural Engineering Department (Botucatu - SP - Brazil). Two trials were done to evaluate biomass, seedling height and diameter development. The first trial, using underground water on 17 cm, 31 cm and 45 cm depth, with or without coverage fertilization with N-P-K. The second trial was done with 28 flowerpots (12 liters each) and 3 seedlings per unit. The experimental design, used to evaluate the height and diameter growth and hydric potential and relative plant water content, was: 1- without water deficit and without coverage fertilization; 2- with water deficit and without coverage fertilization; 3- without water deficit and with coverage fertilization; 4- with water deficit and coverage fertilization. The underground water result showed that 31 cm and fertilization was better for seedling growing rather that 17 cm and without fertilization. The fertilized treatments showed higher plant high and diameter comparing to non fertilized samples, using Tukey test at 5%. For dry plant matter, the best results were obtained with 31 and 45 cm underground water level. The seedling root system dry mass was decrement along the soil profile. The treatment with underground water of 31 cm and fertilization was superior according to Tukey test at 5% of probability and the treatment with underground water of 17 cm and without fertilization was inferior for root dry mass (g). All the others treatment didn t have statistical differences. It didn t happen the irrigation effect on the plant high development; however the fertilized treatment had superior development compared to unfertilized samples. The relative water content didn t change... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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44

Gruber, Yanê Borges Garcia. "Otimização da lâmina de irrigação na produção de mudas clonais de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus urophylla var. plathyphylla)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-19062006-153010/.

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Com o objetivo de otimizar a lâmina de irrigação aplicada durante a produção de mudas clonais de eucalipto, por intermédio de avaliações morfológicas, foram conduzidos três experimentos (E1 verão 2003, E2 inverno 2003 e E3 verão 2004) no viveiro de mudas da empresa Eucatex S/A, em pátio de pleno sol, por 56 dias e apresentaram delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema de faixas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de 4 lâminas de irrigação (H0 testemunha, H1, H2 e H3), aspergidas sobre o dossel e 2 clones (E. urophylla x E. grandis CA e E. urophylla var. plathyphylla CB). Foram avaliados: diâmetro de caule (DC), altura da parte aérea (HPA), área foliar (AF), massa seca foliar (MSF), caulinar (MSC), da parte aérea (MSPA), radicular (MSR) e total (MST), em função da idade (dias após estaquia) e por meio dos rendimentos na produtividade, proporcionados pelos níveis de lâmina total aplicada. Os parâmetros climáticos coletados foram: temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, evaporação e chuva. Os tratamentos influenciaram no crescimento das mudas. Durante E1, a lâmina irrigada (LI) variou entre 292,54 mm no nível H0 e 65,09 mm no nível H3. Com o acréscimo da chuva (304,6 mm), a lâmina total (LT) aplicada sobre o dossel variou entre 597,14 e 369,69 mm nos níveis H0 e H3, respectivamente. A chuva ocorrida no período influenciou muito na irrigação. O clone CB proporcionou o maior crescimento, sendo a LT H2 considerada a mais adequada (426,46 mm). A faixa de água responsável pela máxima produtividade variou entre 369,69 mm (MSR) e 508,22 mm (MSC) para o clone CA e entre 435,49 mm (MSC) e 475,01 mm (HPA) para o clone B. Recomenda-se a aplicação de uma lâmina diária estimada (LDE) em torno de 7,6 mm.dia-1. Durante E2, a LI variou entre 399,934 mm no nível H0 e 69,92 mm no nível H3. A lâmina de chuva (LC) foi de 55 mm elevando a LT para 443,93 e 124,92 mm nos níveis H0 e H3, respectivamente. A irrigação foi a principal fonte de aplicação de água. O clone CA garantiu o maior crescimento, sendo a LT do nível H1 (330,75 mm) responsável pelos incrementos superiores. Os pontos de ótimo produtivo foram obtidos com a lâmina máxima (Lmax) entre 328,49 mm (MSF) e 359,69 mm (HPA) para CA e entre 338,47 mm (MSF) e 388,55 mm (DC) para CB. É recomendada a utilização de uma LDE de 6 mm.dia-1. No E3, a LI variou entre 402,90 e 69,35 mm para os níveis H0 e H3, respectivamente. A LC foi de 235,08 mm. A LT variou entre 638,73 mm em H0 e 305,13 mm em H3. O melhor nível de aplicação hídrica foi o H1, com LT de 520,47 mm, sendo o CA o clone com maior crescimento. As Lmax responsáveis pela maior rentabilidade foram entre 523,48 mm e 564,97 mm, para os parâmetros HPA e DC, respectivamente, no caso do clone CA e entre 511,23 mm (MSR) e 544,24 mm (MSF) para o clone CB. A LDE recomendada foi em torno de 9,3 mm.dia-1. Durante a fase de crescimento, conclui-se que a água aplicada pela testemunha (H0) é maior do que as necessidades hídricas das mudas de eucalipto. With the purpose of optimizing the applied irrigation depth during the production of eucalypts (clone seedlings), through morphologic evaluations, three experiments (E1 - summer 2003, E2 - winter 2003 and E3 - summer 2004), during 56 days, were carried out in the nursery forest (opened field) of the Eucatex S/A Company, using randomized blocks statistical design (with sub-plots in strips). The treatments were constituted of 4 irrigation depth (H0 - control, H1, H2 and H3), sprinkled on the canopy and 2 clones (E. urophylla x E. grandis - CA and E. urophylla var. plathyphylla - CB). The stem diameter (DC), the height of the aerial part (HPA), the leaf area (AF) and the dry mass of leaf (MSF), stem (MSC), aerial part (MSPA), root (MSR) and total (MST) were evaluated in function of the age (days after cutting) and through the incomes in the productivity, proportionate for the levels of applied total sheet. The collected climatic parameters were: temperature of the air, relative humidity of the air, evaporation and rain. The treatments influenced in the growth of the seedlings. During E1, the irrigated depth (LI) it varied among 292.54 mm in the level H0 and 65.09 mm in the level H3. With the increment of the rain (304.6 mm), the total sheet (LT) applied on the dossal it varied between 597.14 and 369.69 mm in the levels H0 and H3, respectively. The rain happened in the period influenced a lot in the irrigation. The clone CB provided the largest growth, being LT considered H2 the most appropriate (426.46 mm). The strip of responsible water for the maxim productivity varied among 369.69 mm (MSR) and 508.22 mm (MSC) for the clone CA and among 435.49 mm (MSC) and 475.01 mm (HPA) for the clone B. the application of a dear daily sheet is Recommended (LDE) around 7.6 mm.day-1. During E2, LI varied among 399.934 mm in the level H0 and 69.92 mm in the level H3. The rain sheet (LC) it was of 55 mm elevating LT for 443.93 and 124.92 mm in the levels H0 and H3, respectively. The irrigation was the main source of application of water. The clone CA guaranteed the largest growth, being it LT of the level H1 (330.75 mm) responsible for the superior increments. The points of great productive they were obtained with the maximum sheet (Lmax) among 328.49 mm (MSF) and 359.69 mm (HPA) for CA and among 338.47 mm (MSF) and 388.55 mm (DC) for CB. The use of a LDE of 6 mm.day-1 is recommended. In E3, LI varied between 402.90 and 69.35 mm for the levels H0 and H3, respectively. LC was of 235.08 mm. LT varied among 638.73 mm in H0 and 305.13 mm in H3. The best level of water application was H1, with LT of 520.47 mm, being CA the clone with larger growth. Responsible Lmax for the largest profitability were between 523.48 mm and 564.97 mm, for the parameters HPA and DC, respectively, in the case of the clone CA and among 511.23 mm (MSR) and 544.24 mm (MSF) for the clone CB. Recommended LDE and around 9.3 mm.day-1. During the growth phase, it is ended that the applied water for the witness (H0) it is larger than the water needs of the eucalyptus seedlings.

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45

Silva, José Mauro Santana da 1967. "Crescimento de mudas de Pinus oocarpa Schiede em diferentes condições hídricas e de adubação /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103423.

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Orientador: Antonio Evaldo Klar Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad Banca: Magali Ribeiro da Silva Banca: Marcio da Silva Araújo Banca: Geraldo Gonçalves dos Reis Abstract: The aim of this work was to compare the final development of Pinus oocarpa Schiede seedlings using tree different underwater depth and with or without coverage fertilization. The research was done inside on a glass green house at the UNESP - College of Agronomical Science, Rural Engineering Department (Botucatu - SP - Brazil). Two trials were done to evaluate biomass, seedling height and diameter development. The first trial, using underground water on 17 cm, 31 cm and 45 cm depth, with or without coverage fertilization with N-P-K. The second trial was done with 28 flowerpots (12 liters each) and 3 seedlings per unit. The experimental design, used to evaluate the height and diameter growth and hydric potential and relative plant water content, was: 1- without water deficit and without coverage fertilization; 2- with water deficit and without coverage fertilization; 3- without water deficit and with coverage fertilization; 4- with water deficit and coverage fertilization. The underground water result showed that 31 cm and fertilization was better for seedling growing rather that 17 cm and without fertilization. The fertilized treatments showed higher plant high and diameter comparing to non fertilized samples, using Tukey test at 5%. For dry plant matter, the best results were obtained with 31 and 45 cm underground water level. The seedling root system dry mass was decrement along the soil profile. The treatment with underground water of 31 cm and fertilization was superior according to Tukey test at 5% of probability and the treatment with underground water of 17 cm and without fertilization was inferior for root dry mass (g). All the others treatment didnt have statistical differences. It didnt happen the irrigation effect on the plant high development; however the fertilized treatment had superior development compared to unfertilized samples. The relative water content didnt change... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Doutor

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46

Krasowski, Marek J. "The development of roots and root systems in white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, seedlings and the influence of cultural treatments on root morphology, anatomy, and the capacity to conduct water." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37351.pdf.

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47

Akgul, Alper. "Performance of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) containerized rooted cuttings and bare-root seedlings established on five planting dates in the flatlands of western Louisiana." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2230.

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The forest product industry is keenly interested in extending the normal planting season, as well as in the comparative field performance of standard nursery bare-root seedlings and containerized rooted cuttings. The effect of seasonal planting dates on survival, above and belowground biomass allocation, water relations, gas exchange attributes and foliar carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of two stock types of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were examined. Slash pine bare-root seedlings (BRS) and containerized rooted cuttings (CRC) were hand planted in September, November, January, March and April in three consecutive planting seasons (2000-2001, 2001-2002 and 2002-2003) on three sites with silt loam topsoils in southwestern Louisiana. First-year mean survival of CRC across all planting dates and sites was consistently high at 96 to 98%, whereas BRS survival was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower at 59 to 81% and highly variable among study sites and dates through three planting seasons. Generally, there was a negative relationship between soil moisture at the time of planting and first-year survival of BRS planted September through March in 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 planting seasons, whereas the opposite was observed only for BRS planted in April 2002 and 2003. Survival of CRC was affected very little by the variation in soil moisture. Containerized rooted cuttings had higher early above and belowground biomass, and height and diameter than did BRS. However, three years after planting the size differences between stock types disappeared or became negligible. Early size differences among trees planted September through March also decreased after three years, although September trees were tallest. Growth of the April-planted trees was poor compared to trees planted in other months. Late-planted April trees had higher δ13C values, and higher water-use efficiency in the first growing season compared to earlier planted trees. Differences in δ13C values among the planting dates disappeared in the second growing season. Net photosynthesis rates did not differ considerably between stock types or among planting dates in the second and third growing seasons. This study indicates that it is possible to extend the planting season to as early as September and as late as March by using CRC.

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Vervloet, Filho Radagasio Hugo. "Utilização de hidroretentor em substrato semi-saturado na produção de mudas de eucalipto." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5771.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Radagasio Hugo Vervloet Filho.pdf: 1995458 bytes, checksum: 8f95e786f617039b867e07b47cdc201c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-08 This study aimed at testing the addition of three different doses of gel (soil Hydroretainer) in the production of hybrid seedlings of E. grandis X E. urophylla in two different water samples. Four clones were used (6437, 6466, 11420 and 11436). The study was conducted in nurseries at Fibria S.A., in the municipality of Aracruz - Espírito Santo. The parameters for assessing the development of seedlings occurred in four main phases of production: rooting, acclimation, growth and rustication. During these phases were monitored the moisture content of the substrate, cuttings rooting, plant survival, height growth of the bud, diameter growth of the base of the stem, nutritional status, water potential of plants leaves and ratings of the quality standard of the plants produced. With these results, it was not possible to conclude what the optimal dosage of the polymer hidroretentor to be used because the experiment was conducted in semi-saturated substrate. It was concluded that reducing the water level did not impair plant development. In addition, we evaluated the quality of the seedlings at the time of shipment and found that the better performance of clones 6437 and 6466 Este estudo teve como objetivo testar a adição de três doses diferentes de gel (Hidroretentor de solo) na produção de mudas clonais do híbrido E. grandis vs. E .urophylla em duas lâminas d água diferentes. Foram utilizados quatro clones (6437, 6466, 11420 e 11436). O estudo foi realizado no viveiro da Fibria S.A., no município de Aracruz - Espírito Santo. Os parâmetros para avaliação do desenvolvimento das mudas ocorreram em quatro fases principais de produção: enraizamento, aclimatação, crescimento e rustificação. Durante estas fases ocorreram o monitoramento do teor de umidade do substrato, do enraizamento de estacas, da sobrevivência de plantas, do crescimento em altura do broto, do crescimento em diâmetro do coleto, do estado nutricional, do potencial hídrico foliar das plantas, e a classificações do padrão de qualidade das plantas produzidas. Com os resultados obtidos, não foi possível concluir qual a dosagem ideal do polímero hidroretentor a ser utilizada, pois todo o experimento foi conduzido em substrato semi-saturado. Concluiu-se que a redução da lâmina d água não prejudicou o desenvolvimento das plantas. Além disso, avaliou-se a qualidade das mudas no momento da expedição e constatou-se o melhor desempenho dos clones 6437 e 6466

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ABRANTES, Daniel Soares de. "Interação entre águas salinizadas e adubação nitrogenada na produção de mudas enxertadas de goiabeiras." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/783.

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Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-23T12:48:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL SOARES DE ABRANTES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 4362123 bytes, checksum: 252907e323bf8081a6d7afc2b1361702 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T12:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL SOARES DE ABRANTES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 4362123 bytes, checksum: 252907e323bf8081a6d7afc2b1361702 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 O cultivo da goiabeira mostra-se como atividade econômica e social importante, visto ser uma das frutas tropicais de maior aceitação no Brasil, entretanto, a disponibilidade de água para a irrigação tem se tornado cada vez mais escassa, tanto em termos de quantidade como de qualidade especialmente, em regiões áridas e semiáridas onde a evaporação é maior que a precipitação. Nesse contexto, o uso de águas salinas na agricultura deve ser considerado como alternativa importante, pois muitas vezes, é a única água disponível ao agricultor. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa, avaliar a produção de mudas enxertadas de goiabeira irrigadas com águas de distintos níveis salinos e sob doses de adubação nitrogenada. Instalou-se dois experimentos usando em um o porta-enxerto de goiabeira Crioula e no outro o porta enxerto Paluma e, tendo como enxerto, a cv. de goiabeira Paluma. Os distintos experimentos foram instalados em condição de casa de vegetação, do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal-PB, usandose o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, cujos tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 e quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída por três plantas. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação entre dois fatores: salinidade da água de irrigação (CEa) em cinco níveis sendo eles S1-0,3; S2-1,1; S3-1,9; S4-2,7 e S5-3,5 dS m-1 preparados mediante adição de cloreto de Na, Ca e Mg, mantendo-se uma proporção equivalente igual a 7:2:1, respectivamente, e quatro doses de nitrogênio N1 - 70%, N2 - 100%, N3 -130% e N4 - 160% da dose padrão (552 mg de N dm-3 ). O aumento da CEa, a partir de 0,3 dS m-1 afeta negativamente as variáveis de crescimento bem como a qualidade das mudas de goiabeira Paluma enxertadas sob os porta-enxertos Paluma e Crioula. Houve interação entre a salinidade da água de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio para o diâmetro do enxerto de goiabeira Paluma, sendo que a dose de 100% de N reduziu o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação aos 70 DAT. Para as mudas de goiabeira Paluma tendo como porta-enxerto a cv. Crioula, a adubação nitrogenada nas doses 100% e 130% para o IQD, atenuaram os efeitos do estresse salino, obtendo-se os maiores valores sob o nível de CEa de 0,8 e 1,4 dS m-1 respectivamente. As mudas irrigadas com águas de CEa de até 1,9 dS m-1 atenderam os critérios para produção de muda padrão de goiabeira. A utilização de águas com CEa de até 2,2 e 2,0 dS m-1 , na irrigação de mudas de goiabeiras Paluma tendo como porta enxerto a cv. Crioula e cv. Paluma, respectivamente, promovem redução aceitável no crescimento das plantas de 10%. The cultivation of guava shows up as an important economic and social activity, since it is one of largest acceptance of tropical fruits in Brazil, however, the availability of water for irrigation has become increasingly scarce, both in terms of quantity and quality especially in arid and semi-arid regions where evaporation is greater than precipitation. In this context, the use of saline water in agriculture should be considered as an important alternative because it is often the only water available to the farming community. In this sense, the aim of this research was to evaluate the production of grafted guava plants irrigated with differing levels of saline water and under nitrogen fertilization. He settled on a two experiments using the rootstock of guava Crioula and the other of rootstock and Paluma with the graft, the cv. And Paluma guava. The different experiments were conducted in greenhouse conditions, the Center for Science and Agrifood Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal-PB, using the experimental randomized block design and treatments were distributed in factorial 5 x 4, is 4 replicates, each plot had three plants. The treatments resulted from the combination of two factors: irrigation water salinity (ECw) in five levels S1-0,3; S2- 1,1; S3-1,9; S4-2,7 and S5-3,5 dS m-1 prepared by adding chloride Na, Ca and Mg, maintaining an equivalent ratio equal to 7: 2: 1, respectively, and four nitrogen levels N1 - 70%, N2 - 100%, N3 -130% and N4 - 160% of standard dose (552 mg N dm-3 ). The increase in CEa, from 0,3 dS m-1 negatively affects the growth variables and the quality of Paluma guava plants grafted on rootstocks Paluma and Crioula. There was interaction between water salinity irrigation and nitrogen levels to the diameter of the graft paluma guava, wherein the dose of 100% N reduced the effect of salinity irrigation water at 70 DAT. For guava plants cv Paluma acting as rootstock. Crioula, nitrogen fertilization in doses 100% and 130% for IQD, mitigated the effects of salt stress, obtaining the highest values under ECw level of 0,8 and 1,4 dS m-1 respectively. The seedlings irrigated with ECw of water up to 1,9 dS m-1 met the criteria for the production of standard guava changes. The use of water with supper to 2,2 and 2,0 dS m-1 in irrigation guava seedlings Paluma acting as door graft for cv. Crioula and cv. Paluma respectively, promote acceptable reduction in growth of the plants 10%

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Ferreira, Alexandre José Domingues. "Polímeros de hidrogéis com água de reúso e de abastecimento no desenvolvimento de mudas de espécies arbóreas da floresta estacional semidecidual." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/31.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6339.pdf: 1320900 bytes, checksum: ceafdc5598f1fbb6c687c57d58657bc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos The seasonal semideciduous forests from southeastern Brazil have high plant species richness, but have been strongly affected by human interferences, which let them very degraded: nowadays they are represented by small isolated fragments, immersed in a landscape dominated by agriculture and large urban centers. In this sense, the ecology of restoration arises in order to facilitate, accelerate and direct the processes of secondary succession to manage such areas, considering the knowledge about theoretical concepts that aim to review the effectiveness of natural ecosystem management techniques and practices. In such a perspective, we aimed in this experiment to test the following question: During de production of seedlings of the native forest tree species, Ceiba speciosa (Malvaceae) and Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae), different dilutions of hydrogel associated to irrigation with reused water, could improve their development? To answer this question, we selected three treatments (1g, 4g and 8g of hydrogel), beyond the witness (no hydrogel). The seedlings of both species were irrigated during one month with water reused and water supply. After this period, we estimated the growth of seedlings: roots, height and diameter. We used ANOVA (p = 0.001), and Tukey s test to verify significative differences between the mean of the treatments. We found significative differences in both height and diameter growth from 4g of hydrogel as to C. speciosa as H. heptaphyllus. In relation to the growth of root system of both tree species, the mean of superficial root area differed significantly from 4g of hydrogel when compared to the witness, confirming our initial assumption that the roots would grow in a lower proportion of area because they are in their hydric comfort zone. With such results added to theoretical knowledge in the ecology of restoration, the association of hydrogels with reused water comes to stand up for the sustainable use of water in the irrigation of native seedlings. Apesar das florestas estacionais semideciduais do interior do estado de São Paulo possuir elevada riqueza de espécies, as interferências humanas deixaram esses ecossistemas degradados e representados por pequenos fragmentos isolados, imersos numa paisagem dominada pela agricultura e centros urbanos. Diante essa problemática, a restauração ecológica surge com o objetivo de facilitar, acelerar e direcionar os processos sucessionais naturais a fim de manejar essas áreas, considerando os novos teóricos da ecologia de comunidades vegetais tropicais, que pretendem revisitar a eficácia de técnicas de manejo em restauração ecológica. Nesta perspectiva, surge como objetivo desse trabalho, testar a pergunta científica: O uso de polímeros hidrogéis em diferentes concentrações na produção de mudas nativas de Ceiba speciosa (Malvaceae) e de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae), associados à irrigação com água de reúso tratada, interfere significativamente no crescimento de seu sistema radicular, sua altura e diâmetro, e aumenta a longevidade das mudas? Para responder a essa pergunta, utilizou-se mudas das duas espécies nativas, em três tratamentos (1g, 4g e 8g de hidrogel), além da uma testemunha, contendo apenas o solo. As mudas foram irrigadas por um mês com água de abastecimento e água de reúso tratada; depois de cessadas as irrigações, foram avaliadas os estimadores citados. Foram realizadas análises de variância (p = 0,001), seguidas do teste de Tukey para verificar diferenças significativas entre as médias dos tratamentos. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas no crescimento em altura e diâmetro a partir do uso de 4g de hidrogel, tanto para C. speciosa quanto para H. heptaphyllus. Em relação ao sistema radicular, as médias de área superficial diferiram-se estatisticamente a partir de 4g de hidrogel quando comparadas às testemunhas, tanto para C. speciosa quanto para H. heptaphyllus, confirmando a expectativa inicial de que com hidrogel, as raízes cresceriam em menor proporção em área porque estariam na zona de conforto hídrico. Com esses resultados aliados aos conhecimentos teóricos da ecologia da restauração, a associação de polímeros hidrogéis com água de reúso vem defender a racionalização do uso da água na irrigação de mudas de espécies nativas, reaproveitando águas de reúso que seriam descartadas em águas superficiais.

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