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Journal articles on the topic 'Seedling yield'
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1
Ren, Yun, Jianfang Zhu, Nazim Hussain, et al. "Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 8 (2014): 1461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-021.
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Ren, Y., Zhu, J., Hussain, N., Ma, S., Ye, G., Zhang, D. and Hua, S. 2014. Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1461–1469. Seedling quality is an essential indicator for seed yield in canola, which is affected by many factors, including seedling age. Two field experiments were conducted to compare canola seedling quality and seed yield on 30-, 35-, 40-, 45-, 50-, 55-, and 60-d-old seedlings in 2011 and 2012. The relationship between seedling quality traits and seed yield of different seedling ages was also analyzed. Results revealed that the highest seed yield obtained from 40-d-old seedlings was attributed to more branches and siliques per plant. The negative effect of young seedlings (30-d-old) on seed yield was greater than that of old seedlings (60-d-old). The reduction rates in seed yield on the 30- and 60-d-old seedlings were 25.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the 40-d-old seedlings. Increased root neck diameter, green leaf number, shoot, and root dry matter was the case on 40-d-old seedling transplanted plants compared with other ages. However, the increase was larger in the old seedlings than in the young seedlings. On average, the shoot and root dry weights of the 30-d-old seedlings were 1.9 and 1.7% of those in the 60-d-old seedlings. However, correlation analysis revealed that the seedlings with the highest shoot and root dry matter did not necessarily obtain the highest seed yield. Factor analysis suggested that the effects of root neck diameter and green leaf number on seed yield were more pronounced than those of shoot and root dry matter. Therefore, high seed yield in canola could be defined in terms of optimum green leaf numbers and branches per plant.
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Islam, T., and MA Salam. "Effect of number of seedlings hill-1 on the yield and yield contributing characters of short duration Aman rice cultivars." Progressive Agriculture 28, no. 4 (2018): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v28i4.36367.
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The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from July to October 2016 to study the effect of age of seedling on the yield and yield contributing characters of short duration Aman rice cultivars. The study consisted two factor A: Variety- three- i) BINA dhan7 (V1), (ii) BRRI dhan56 (V2) and (iii) BRRI dhan62 (V3); and factor B: Number of seedlings hill-1- (i) Single seedling hill-1 (S1), (ii) Two seedlings hill-1 (S2) and (iii) Three seedlings hill-1 (S3). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield was obtained from the cultivar BINA dhan7 which was statistically identical with BRRI dhan56 and this was the consequences of higher number of total and effective tillers hiil-1 and highest number of grains panicle-1. Grain yield was not significantly affected by the number of seedlings hill-1 but numerically the highest grain yield was recorded from single seedling hill-1. From the interaction it is observed that grain yield was not significantly affected by the interaction of cultivar and number of seedlings hill-1. But numerically the highest grain yield was recorded from the interaction of BRRI dhan56 × single seedling hill-1. From the economic analysis it is observed that the highest BCR (1.64) was recorded from single seedling hill-1 in BRRI dhan56 which was close to single seedling hill-1 in BINA dhan7 and the lowest BCR (103) was obtained from two seedlings hill-1 in BRRI dhan62. From the results of the study it may be concluded that BRRI dhan56 with single seedling hill-1 might be cultivated in AEZ-9 for obtaining higher yield and higher economic return in Aman season.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 279-286, 2017
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SIMONS, R. G. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEEDLING TRAITS AND MATURE PLANT YIELD IN ALFALFA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 1 (1990): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-023.
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To compare some seedling traits with the yield of alfalfa plants when grown as a crop stand, 1000 individually weighed seeds of Beaver alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were germinated in a growth chamber in a greenhouse mix containing soil. The dates of emergence and expansion of the first trifoliolate leaf, the weight of the first trifoliolate leaf, and the height, shoot number, leaf number and yield 10 wk after seeding were all correlated with each other. The seedlings were transplanted in late summer in to a 15 × 15-cm grid in the field, simulating a crop stand. Individual plant yields were determined in each of the two succeeding years. The number of shoots present at the first harvest was determined in the seedling year. There was no difference in the mean weight of seeds which emerged and those which did not. The mature plant traits were all strongly correlated with each other (P > 0.001). Although the seed weight and seedling traits had low correlations with mature plant traits (r < 0.25), the top 10% of seedlings on the basis of the date of first trifoliolate leaf expansion or seedling yield exceeded the population (averaged over the two years) by more than 31 and 41% respectively.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago, seedling, selection, yield
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GUBBELS, G. H., and E. O. KENASCHUK. "EFFECT OF SPRING SEEDLING RESIDUES ON THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SUBSEQUENT FLAX AND BARLEY CROPS SEEDED WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR TILLAGE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 1 (1989): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-017.
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Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of spring seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and a weed mixture on the growth and yield of subsequent crops of flax and barley seeded after tillage of the seedling plots. Some treatments were also tested without tillage, the seedlings being killed with paraquat. The large quantities of spring seedling residues had variable effects on flax yields, resulting in increases in some years and decreases in others compared to seedling-free plots. Flax yields were generally reduced by canola, flax and weed seedling residues, and increased by barley seedling residue. Averaged over 6 yr, canola seedlings reduced flax yields by 2% and barley increased flax yields by 3% with conventional tillage. On the other hand, barley yields were reduced 7% by conola and 17% by barley seedling residues. Yields of flax and barley were higher without than with tillage of the seedlings prior to seeding. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of the seedling residues on soil crusting, toxic compounds in the residues and toxic compounds formed during decomposition of the residues.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L., plant residues, tillage systems
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DEB, DEBAL, JÖRG LÄSSIG, and MARIUS KLOFT. "A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SEEDLING AGE IN THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IN EASTERN INDIA." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (2012): 326–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447971200004x.
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SUMMARYA survey of the system of rice intensification (SRI)-related literature indicates that different authors have drawn conflicting inferences about rice yield performances under the SRI, chiefly because the SRI methodology has been variously advocated, interpreted and implemented in the field using different rice varieties, seedling ages at transplantation, cultivation seasons and nutrient management regimes. In particular, the SRI method of single-seedling transplantation (SST) has potential economic advantage due to reduced seed costs, but it is not clear whether SST is an effective management strategy across a range of seedling ages, and whether there is any specific seedling age that is optimal for yield improvement of a given rice variety. This is an important consideration in rain-fed ecosystems where variable rainfall patterns and lack of controlled irrigation make it difficult to reliably transplant at a specific seedling age as recommended for the SRI. We conducted a five year-long experiment on a rain-fed organic farm using a short-duration upland and a medium-duration lowland landrace, following the SRI methodology. Rice seedlings of different ages (6, 10, 14, 18 and 28 days after establishment) were transplanted at 25 cm × 25 cm spacing in three replicated plots. The performance for each landrace was examined with respect to productive tillers, panicle density, total grain counts per hill and grain yield per unit area. Performances of seedlings of different ages were compared with that of control plots that employed all SRI practices with the exception that 28-day-old seedlings were transplanted with three seedlings per hill. The results indicate that (1) the SRI can improve mean panicle density if seedling age ≤ 18 days, but that responses differ between varieties; (2) the number of productive tillers per hill is significantly less in SST than that of multiple seedling transplants (MST) of 28-day-old seedlings of both upland and lowland varieties; (3) the total grain numbers per hill of the lowland variety is significantly greater for 14-day-old SST than 28-day-old MST; (4) the grain yield per unit area from young SRI transplants is significantly greater than that from 28-day-old MST for the lowland variety, although the magnitude of the improvement was small; (5) for the upland variety, grain yields declined with the oldest seedlings, but planting multiple seedlings per hill made the yield of the oldest transplants on par with that of younger seedlings planted singly. Our findings suggest that transplanting younger seedlings under the SRI management may not necessarily enhance grain yields.
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Byard, Rachel, and Ian A. Merwin. "583 Field performance of Grafted Chestnut Cultivars and their Seedlings." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 547B—547. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.547b.
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We planted grafted and seedling chestnuts of six cultivars in Lansing, N.Y., in April 1995 to evaluate performance of the different cultivars in our region and to compare grafted and seedling trees. We used the following cultivars: the Chinese chestnut cultivar Mossbarger (Castanea mollissima) and five interspecific hybrid cultivars [Douglas 1A (C. mollissima × C. dentata), Eaton [C. mollissima × (C. crenata × C. dentata)[, Skioka (C. mollissima × C. sativa), Layeroka (open-pollinated daughter of `Skioka'), and Grimo 142Q (an open pollinated daughter of `Layeroka')]. Growth was not significantly different between cultivars. There were no notable correlations between trunk cross-sectional area at planting and any measurement after the first year. Significant differences between cultivars were found for mortality, yield, and yield efficiency. `Eaton' had the lowest mortality rate (2%) of all cultivars. `Grimo 142Q' and `Layeroka' had the highest dry weight yields and the greatest yield efficiencies, although `Grimo 142Q' had significantly larger nuts than `Layeroka'. In 1998, the largest nuts (5.2 g) were harvested from `Mossbarger' and `Eaton trees'. `Skioka' had the highest mortality (48%), lowest yield, lowest yield efficiency, and smallest nut size. In the first 2 years, most grafted trees showed significantly higher yields and greater yield efficiency than seedling trees. By the third year, differences in yield between grafted and seedling trees were no longer significant for most cultivars. Over the 3 years most grafted trees revealed higher mortality and slower growth than seedlings of the same cultivar. Seedlings did not show more variability in measurements than grafted trees of the same cultivar.
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Saha, P., MSU Bhuiya, B. Karmakar, et al. "Effect of Age and Storage Duration of Seedling on Growth and Yield of Wet Season Rice." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 20, no. 1 (2017): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v20i1.34882.
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The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2013 to find out the effect of seedling age and storage duration on growth and yield of wet season rice. The experiment comprised of four ages of seedling (25, 30, 35 and 40-d-old) and four storage durations (0, 1, 2 and 3-days) of uprooted seedlings. Rice var. BRRI dhan52 was used as a test variety. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications placing seedling age in the main plot and storage duration in the sub- plot. The effect of age and storage -duration of seedling, and their interaction were significant on growth parameters (shoot height, root length, number of tillers hill-1, leaf area index and crop growth rate), grain yield and straw yield. The growth parameters and yield exhibited a trend of decrease with the increase in seedling age and storage duration. All the growth parameters and yield showed highest value in the younger seedlings of 25-d-old with 0-day storage duration of uprooted seedlings while the lowest in the older seedlings of 40-d-old with 3-days of storage duration. The var.BRRI dhan52 produced the highest LAI (8.23), CGR (7.33 mg day-1 hill-1) and biomass (26.87 g) at 60, 45 and 60 days after transplanting. Grain yield reduced by 13, 19 and 37% of 30, 35 and 40-d-old seedlings, respectively compared to 25-d-old seedlings. In case of seedling storage, grain yield reduced by 5, 14 and 31% of 1, 2 and 3-d storage, respectively compared to 0-d storage. For optimum growth and yield of wet season rice, 25-d-old seedlings may be stored up to 1-day after uprooting taking into account the possible delay in transporting seedlings to the flood affected area from the nearby districts.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 45-56
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Lampayan, Rubenito, Phetmanyseng Xangsayasane, and Crisanta Bueno. "Crop Performance and Water Productivity of Transplanted Rice as Affected by Seedling Age and Seedling Density under Alternate Wetting and Drying Conditions in Lao PDR." Water 11, no. 9 (2019): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091816.
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Drought is common under rainfed lowlands in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and with the uncertain onset of rains during the wet season, delay in transplanting results in yield reduction. This study aims to explore ways to ameliorate the negative influence of delayed transplanting on rice crop. A field experiment was conducted for two wet seasons to investigate the effect of seedling age and seedling density on crop performance in terms of grain yield and water productivity. The experiment was laid out in a split–split plot design in four replicates, with seedling age as the main plot, seedling density as the subplot, and varieties as the sub-sub plot. In both years, there were significant seedling age and variety interactions on grain yield. Higher grain yields were observed with older seedlings having stronger tillering propensity. Seedling density did not affect grain yields in both years, but on grain yield components. Shorter duration variety received less supplemental irrigation than longer duration varieties. Late transplanting improved total water productivity but decreased irrigation water productivity due to harvesting delay. The total crop growth duration (from sowing to maturity) was prolonged with transplanting delay. However, the total stay of plants in the main field (from transplanting to maturity) was reduced by 3–5 d for every 10 d delay in transplanting. The results indicated that a good selection of varieties and increasing seedling density improve crop performance and water productivity with delayed transplanting.
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Jellani, G., H. Ullah, M. Ali, TN Khan, MJ Atif, and M. Musa. "Impact of seedlings age on vegetable Marrow production." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 13, no. 1 (2015): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v13i1.24195.
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A study was conducted at the research field of Horticultural Research Institute, National Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan during two consecutive years of 2011 and 2012 to compare the performance of seedlings raised in polythene bags with traditional direct seeding in respect of early harvesting and profitability. Seedlings of three different ages (40, 50 and 60 days old) of vegetable marrow were compared with traditional direct seeded crop. Transplanted seedlings of vegetable marrow produced fruits 36-38 days earlier and availability period of 34-38 days longer than direct seeded crop. Similarly, higher fruit plant-1, fruit weight plant-1 and fruit yield ha-1 were obtained from seedling treatments. Averaged over years, 50-69% increase in yield and 64-100% increase in profit were recorded in seedling treatments than direct seeded crop. Among seedling ages, 60 days old seedlings were the best performer. The overall results of two years study revealed that seedling transplantation was superior to traditional direct seeded practice of growing vegetable marrow and among those 60 days old seedlings was the best in respect of yield components, fruit yield and profit.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 215-222 (2015)
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Blazier, Michael A., and Michael Dunn. "Stock Type, Subsoiling, and Density Impact Productivity and Land Value of a Droughty Site." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32, no. 4 (2008): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/32.4.154.
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Abstract Management practices that overcome low seedling survival and poor tree growth of well-drained, droughty sites can improve their productivity and profitability. This study was established to explore tree and stand growth trends, potential forest product yields, and land expectation values of loblolly pine on a droughty site in response to (1) seedling stock type, (2) subsoiling, and (3) stand density regime. In winter 1993, container (CONT) and bareroot (BARE) seedlings were planted with or without subsoiling at 746 trees per hectare (TPH). BARE seedlings were planted without subsoiling at 1,493 TPH to provide a comparison between low-density treatment combinations and a conventional (CONV) management regime for this site type. Tree growth was monitored periodically through age 13 years. Yield trajectories were estimated by predicting forest product yields with FASTLOB using age 13 years stand characteristics, and land expectation value was determined from revenue predictions and costs associated with each treatment. Low-density regimes that included CONT seedlings or subsoiling before BARE seedling planting improved tree growth through midrotation and had yield estimates comparable with that of a CONV regime. However, land expectation values associated with subsoiling were lower than those of low-density CONT and CONV regimes because of its cost and negligible benefits for seedling survival.
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Chowdhury, D., M. Biswas, MNH Miah, P. Mandal, and MS Hossain. "Performance of Hybrid Rice (Bio-453) In Variation of Spacing and Number of Seedling Per Hill." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22, no. 1 (2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v22i1.44928.
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Hybrid rice production can ensure to get more yields per unit land. The research work was carried out to evaluate the effect of number of seedling hill-1 and spacing on the growth and yield of hybrid rice line Bio-453. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications at the field of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture Department of Sylhet Agricultural University, under the AEZ 20 in Kharif-II (Aman) season of 2013. Number of seedling hill-1 was assigned in the main plot and plant spacing in the sub-plot. Two levels of seedling hill-1 viz. NS1 (1 seedling hill-1) and NS2 (2 seedlings hill-1) and five levels of plant spacing viz. Sp1 (15 cm X 15 cm), Sp2 (15 cm X 20 cm) and Sp3 (20 cm X 20 cm), Sp4 (20 cm X 25 cm) and Sp5 (20 cm X 30 cm) were the treatments. Number of seedling hill-1 and plant spacing showed significant effect in yield and yield contributing parameters except days to maturity, plant height, 1000-grain weight, total tillers hill-1, number of effective tillers hill-1, harvest index and grains panicle-1. Maximum grain yield (9.43 t ha-1), straw yield (16.27 t ha-1) and biological yield (25.70 t ha-1) were obtained from 1 seedling hill-1 (NS1) with the closest spacing 15 cm X 15 cm Therefore, one seedling hill-1 with 15 cm distance for plant and row to row distance could ensure maximum yield of hybrid rice line Bio-453.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 27-37
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Souza, Luís Gustavo de S. e., Regina Lúcia F. Ferreira, Sebastião Elviro de Araújo Neto, Nilciléia M. da Silva, Thays L. Uchôa, and Waldiane A. de Almeida. "Chicory yield influenced by seedling quality and growing environment." Horticultura Brasileira 38, no. 2 (2020): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620200216.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of chicory seedlings in organic substrata and their influence on yield and commercial yield in a protected environment and under direct sunlight. Seedling and field production experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four blocks. In the first experiment, seedlings were produced on substrata by alternating the conditioner: 1) dry coconut fiber + blend (soil, organic compost, charcoal); 2) carbonized rice husk + blend; 3) crushed ouricuri stem + blend; 4) decomposed kapok stem + blend and 5) commercial substratum. Sufficient seedlings were produced for the evaluations and transplantation. In the field phase, two experiments were evaluated, one in a protected environment and another under direct sunlight. The commercial and ouricuri substrata produced seedlings with the same quality and biomass index, but above to the others. The yield (0.89 kg m-2) and commercial yield (68.29 packs m-2) in the protected environment are not affected by seedling quality. In the direct sunlight cultivation, the yield is higher when using seedlings produced with the commercial (0.75 kg m-2), ouricuri (1.07 kg m-2), or kapok substrata (0.74 kg m-2).
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Sarker, TK, MD Hossain, MA Salam, and MG Rabbani. "Effect of Seedling Age and Method of Transplanting on the Yield of Aman Rice." Progressive Agriculture 24, no. 1-2 (2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19092.
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An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from June to December 2012 with a view to finding out the effect of seedling age and method of transplanting on the yield of Aman rice. Four seedling ages (10, 20, 30 and 40 days) and two transplanting methods (line and haphazard) were used as experimental treatments with four replications in a randomized complete block design. Seedling age, transplanting method and their interaction significantly influenced most of the yield components and yield of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan41. The highest total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were obtained from 30-day-old seedlings. Line transplanting method produced the highest total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, grain yield and harvest index. The highest total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, grain yield and harvest index were obtained from 30-day-old seedlings with line transplanting method. Results revealed that 30-day-old seedlings under line transplanting method could be used to obtain maximum yield of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan41.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19092 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 9 - 16, 2013
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Reid, William. "Rootstock Influences Yield, Nut Quality, and Leaf Analysis of Pecan Trees." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 474G—475. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.474g.
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The nuts of 10 pecan cultivars were used to produce rootstock trees for the propagation of two scion cultivars—Posey and Pawnee. Seed sources included: `Chickasaw', `Colby', `Dooley', `Giles', `Greenriver', `Major', `Mohawk', `Peruque', `Posey', and `Shoshoni'. Leaf analysis performed in 1994 and 1996 revealed that rootstock influenced K and Zn concentrations. Scions propagated on `Posey' seedlings contained the greatest amount of K, while scions propagated on `Greenriver' seedlings contained the least. Zn levels were highest in trees with `Chickasaw' seedling rootstocks and the least in `Major' seedlings. Yield and nut quality was influenced by a major drought during the late summer and fall of 1995. Nuts produced by trees with `Chickasaw' and `Colby' rootstocks had the highest kernel percentage, while trees grown on `Major' and `Posey' had the lowest. The greatest yields, during the drought year, were produced from scion cultivars grafted on `Giles' and `Chickasaw' seedling rootstocks. `Major' and `Greenriver' seedlings produced trees with the smallest yields.
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ROUHANI, IRAJ, C. C. BLACK JR., H. MAX VINES, and P. P. KORMANIK. "EFFECT OF NUMBER OF LATERAL ROOTS ON EGGPLANT GROWTH AND YIELD." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 1 (1987): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-044.
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Root characteristics of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. ’Black Beauty’) were studied with the objectives of determining (1) the population distribution of number of lateral roots per seedling and (2) the relationship between the number of lateral roots per seedling on growth and fruit production. The number of lateral roots ranged from 1 to 34 per seedling with a mean of 12.7 for the total population (600 seedlings). The seedlings were separated into three groups based on the number of lateral roots: A, 20–34; B, 10–19; and C, 1–9. Seedlings of each root group were transplanted outdoors and growth characteristics were measured periodically. No differences were found in plant survival or dieback among groups. Plants in group A produced 54, 41 and 27% more fruit, total plant dry weight and leaf area, respectively, than plants in group C. A positive relationship was found between numbers of lateral roots per plant and various growth parameters. Eggplant vegetative growth, early fruit maturity and total fruit production were dependent upon the number of lateral roots on a seedling at transplanting, the optimal number of which was between 12 and 16.Key words: Solanum melongena L., transplanting, root production, leaf area, fruit maturity, eggplant
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Melton, Regina R., and Robert J. Dufault. "Tomato Seedling Growth, Earliness, Yield, and Quality following Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning and Low Temperatures." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 3 (1991): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.3.421.
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`Sunny' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings were pretransplant nutritionally conditioned (PNC) in 1988 and 1989 with factorial combinations of N from 100 to 300 mg·liter-1 and P from 10 to 70 mg·liter-1. In 1988, all conditioned seedlings were exposed to 12 hours of 2C for eight consecutive nights before transplanting. In 1989, half of the conditioned plants were exposed to a low-temperature treatment of 8 days with 12-hour nights at 2C and 12-hour days in a warm greenhouse (19C/26C, night/day). In both years, as N PNC increased to 200 mg·liter-1, seedling growth increased. Increasing P PNC from 10 to 40 mg·liter-1 increased seedling growth, but only in 1988. In both years, P PNC did not affect yields. Low-temperature exposure in 1989 decreased seedling growth in comparison to those held in a warm greenhouse (19C/26C, day/night). In 1988, first harvest yields were not affected by N PNC; however, in 1989, as N increased to 200 mg·liter-1, early yields increased. In 1988, total yields increased wit h N PNC from 100 to 200 mg·liter-1 and in 1989 with N at 50 to 100 mg·liter-1 with no further increases from 100 to 200 mg·liter-1. Low-temperature exposure had no effect on earliness, yield, or quality. A PNC regime combining at least 200 mg N/liter and up to 10 mg P/liter should be used to nutritionally condition `Sunny' tomato seedlings to enhance yield.
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Islam, MS, MM Rashid, MK Mondal, SC Nath, and MR Karim. "Effect of Planting Density on the Performance of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Waterlogged Condition." Agriculturists 11, no. 2 (2014): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17497.
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The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of planting density on the performance of hybrid rice variety Aloran under water logged condition at the BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Center in Gazipur, Bangladesh during the dry (DS) and wet season (WS) of 2009. Different planting densities were maintained using different spacings and number of seedlings per hill. These include 25 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm with single seedling per hill and 20 cm × 15 cm with two seedlings per hill and 20 cm × 15 cm with three seedlings per hill. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Density of 20 cm × 10 cm with 1 seedling hill-1 i.e. 50 hills m-2 produced the highest grain yield of 7.5 t ha-1 and 4.6 t ha-1 in DS and WS respectively, which was significantly higher than the yield with recommended density (20 cm × 15 cm with 1 seedling per hill). This yield was increased due to higher number of panicles m-2. Increasing the seedling numbers hill-1 with the recommended planting density did not improve the yield of hybrid rice. This result suggests that higher planting density rather than increased number of seedling hill-1 is necessary for getting higher yield of hybrid rice in continuous water logged condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17497 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 109-113
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Ratnayake, Sunil, and David R. Shaw. "Effects of Harvest-Aid Herbicides on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Seed Yield and Quality." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (1992): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036587.
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Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to study the effects of 220 g ai ha-1AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha-1glufosinate, 560 g ai ha-1glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha-1paraquat on sicklepod seed production and quality when applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 growth stages of sicklepod. No seed were produced on plants treated at R5 with paraquat and glufosinate; glyphosate was the least effective herbicide at this growth stage. Although sicklepod seed germinated after AC 263,222 application at R5, no seedling emergence occurred. Normal seedlings, seedling emergence, and seedling radicle length were reduced by all herbicides applied to parent plants at R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. AC 263,222 applied at R7 reduced normal seedlings and seedling emergence more than any other herbicide. No effects were observed on any of the variables investigated when herbicides were applied at R8.
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Kajonphol, Tanaporn, Sattaya Tonwong, Sujaree Nonthakod, Chontira Sangsiri, and Monamorn Precharattana. "Effect of Spacing and No. of Seedling per Hill on Growth and Yield Components of Rice cv. Chai Nat 1 under System of Rice Intensification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.95.
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We investigated effects of spacing and no. of seedling hill-1on growth and yield component of rice cv. Chai Nat 1 in system of rice intensification. The experiment included 25 × 25 cm, 30 × 30 cm, 40 × 40 cm, and 50 × 50 cm with single seedling hill-1, two seedlings hill-1, and three seedlings hill-1, respectively. The study was in Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus during November 2016 to March 2017. Each condition was laid out in a randomized completed block design with three replications. The experiment found that the no. of seedlings hill-1influence in the growth and the yield component of the rice, while the spacing does not. Moreover, there is no interaction between spacing and seedlings hill-1.The three seedling hill-1condition showed the highest in tillering (avg. = 24.13 tillers hill-1). The single seedling hill-1showed the lowest in tillering (avg. = 16.24 tillers hill-1). From this research indicated that optimized seed hill-1in rice cultivated system.
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Rideout, James W. "Field Growth and Yield of Tomato Transplants Grown in the Float System Using Low Phosphorus Fertilizer and Height Restricting Cultural Practices." HortScience 39, no. 1 (2004): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.23.
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The float system is an efficient method of seedling production. This system requires use of cultural practices to prevent excessive stem elongation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings. It is not known how these practices affect field growth and subsequent fruit yield and quality. Experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine if restricting P supply, delaying fertilizer application, brushing, clipping, and ethephon application affect field performance of transplants. Transplants subjected to these cultural treatments in the float system were compared to transplants conventionally grown in the greenhouse. In 2001, there was little difference in field performance among transplants produced under the range of cultural conditions. Although differences in total fruit numbers or yields were nonsignificant in 2002, conventionally grown transplants produced higher early yields. Seedlings grown with low P fertilizer and receiving delayed fertilization or delayed fertilization plus brushing performed best of all float treatments in 2002. Ethephon application severely reduced early yield while increasing late-season yield. Production of tomato seedlings with low P in float systems is feasible, at least on a small scale for transplanting locally, when delayed fertilization or delayed fertilization plus brushing treatments are used to control seedling height.
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Bisognin, Dilson Antônio, Luis Velasquez, and Irvin Widders. "Cucumber seedling dependence on cotyledonary leaves for early growth." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 40, no. 6 (2005): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2005000600002.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the dependence of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings on cotyledonary leaves for early growth and establishment. Sets of two uniform emerging seedlings were used to quantify the initial growth and dry matter accumulation, as well as the intensity and stage of cotyledon damage in seedling establishment and to determine cotyledon protein, amino acid and carbohydrate contributions to the growing seedling. Cucumber seedling establishment was found to be highly dependent on cotyledonary leaves. Root system establishment was highly dependent on the health of the aerial part. One cotyledon was enough to maintain aerial growth of seedlings after unfolding the first true leaf. Cucumber seedlings depended on both cotyledons to keep root system growth at least until leaf area was equivalent to cotyledon area. Covering one or both cotyledons of seedlings with one unfolded leaf increased carbohydrate content of uncovered cotyledon and leaves compared with control seedlings. Cucumber seedlings are highly dependent on cotyledonary leaves and aerial parts are less dependent than root system. Cotyledon damage at early stages of plant establishment would adversely impact crop yield by reducing plant density, an important yield component, or slowing down seedling growth and establishment.
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Korkmaz, Ahmet, and Robert J. Dufault. "Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 4 (2001): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.4.404.
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Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) seedlings transplanted before the last frost date may be exposed to temperatures alternating between freezing and optimal until field temperatures finally stabilize. Cold stress may ultimately reduce growth and yield. To simulate such temperature alternations that occur naturally after field transplanting, diploid `Carnival' watermelon seedlings were exposed immediately before field planting to cyclic cold temperature stress at 2 ± 1 °C then transferred to a greenhouse at 29 ± 5 °C. In 1997, transplants were exposed to 2 °C from 3 to 81 hours and in 1998, exposure ranged from 9 to 81 hours. Cold-stressed seedlings were field planted after all potential risk of cold stress in the field had passed. In 1997, cold stress decreased seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents but not seedling height. In 1998, all seedling growth variables decreased in response to longer durations of cold stress. Plants cold stressed for up to 81 hours transpired more for 1 week after transplanting than those exposed to shorter periods of cold stress. In both years, vining (date first runner touched the ground), flowering, and fruit set were delayed significantly as cold stress hours increased. Although early yields were unaffected, total yields decreased linearly in both years with increasing hours of cold, with 38 to 40 hours of cold stress reducing yield 10% in both years. Data indicate that `Carnival' watermelon transplants exposed to cold stress soon after transplanting may suffer yield reductions.
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Afrinda, Riza, and Budiastuti Kurniasih. "Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 6, no. 1 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.38107.
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Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.
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Doty, Samuel, Ryan W. Dickson, and Michael Evans. "Evaluation of a Novel Shallow Aggregate Ebb-and-flood Culture System and Transplant Size Effects on Hydroponic Basil Yield." HortTechnology 30, no. 5 (2020): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04635-20.
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Ornamental bedding plant operations transitioning to leafy greens and herb production must decide whether to invest in new hydroponic equipment or modify existing culture systems for edible crops. In addition, common practices used to increase space-use and production efficiencies during bedding plant production may be modified for hydroponic leafy greens and herbs, such as purchasing large seedlings for transplant. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate plant growth in a modified and novel shallow aggregate ebb-and-flood (SAEF) system intended for bedding plant growers with an emphasis on comparing yield across four basil (Ocimum basilicum) cultivars grown in the SAEF system to those grown using the traditional nutrient film technique (NFT) and deep water culture (DWC) hydroponic systems. The second experiment objective was to evaluate basil seedling size and the time of transplant to NFT hydroponic systems to determine effects on the final yield. ‘Genovese’ basil seedlings were grown in trays with cell counts of 32, 50, 72, 105, and 162 cells with corresponding root volumes per plant of 98.1, 50.2, 38.5, 19.6, and 16.3 cm3, respectively. Seedlings were transplanted to NFT systems at 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing and were harvested at 35 days. In the first experiment, overall basil shoot fresh and dry weights per plant were intermediate in the SAEF system (90.4 and 8.3 g) compared with the DWC (102.6 and 9.1 g) and NFT (75.8 and 6.6 g) hydroponic systems. In the second experiment, final shoot fresh and dry weight per plant increased as seedling root volume increased from 16.3 cm3 [72.8 and 5.5 g (162-cell tray)] to 98.1 cm3 [148.5 and 12.2 g (32-cell tray)]. Transplanting seedlings at later dates decreased yield across tray size and root volume treatments. Differences in yield between culture systems may have resulted from differences in nutrient supply and availability for plant uptake. Transplant of large seedling plugs to hydroponic culture was not shown to increase space-use efficiency after transplant without compromising yield, likely because root zone factors limited growth during seedling production. Further investigation into maximizing plant growth during seedling production and evaluating the effects of seedling size and transplant practices are needed to determine the potential for increasing space-use and production efficiencies.
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Islam, M. Ariful, U. K. Sarker, M. A. K. Mian, and J. U. Ahmed. "GENOTYPE SEEDLING AGE INTERACTION FOR HYBRID SEED YIELD OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 24, no. 1 (2011): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i1.16995.
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The experiment was carried out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) during the Boro season 2006-2007 (Mid October to mid May) at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman Agricultural University-Gazipur. Alok showed significant bi but its deviation from regression (S2di) invalided its linear prediction. Among the three CMS lines CMS-2 was stable for % OCR due to considerable mean, phenotypic index, regression coefficient near unity (bi ? 1) as well as insignificant deviation from regression (S2di ? 0) and CMS-1 was highly responsive to seedling ages due to significant bi and insignificant S2di. Although, Alok showed significant bi but its deviation from regression (S2di) invalided its linear prediction. Maximum out crossing rate was obtained from CMS-2 irrespective of seedling ages. On the other hand 43 days old seedling of CMS-1 gave the maximum out crossing rate. CMS-2 was highly responsive to yield over seedling ages. CMS-1 showed insignificant regression coefficient (bi) indicating stability over seedling ages but deviation from regression (S2di) was significant which invalided its linear prediction. Alok showed lower mean, significant regression coefficient (bi) and insignificant deviation from regression (S2di) indicating responsitive to favourable seedling ages with comparatively lower yield. 43 days old seedlings of CMS-2 gave the maximum hybrid seed production rate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i1.16995
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PANG, JOE THAU-YIN, and G. LOCKWOOD. "A RE-INTERPRETATION OF HYBRID VIGOUR IN COCOA." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 3 (2008): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006431.
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SUMMARYFor 50 years, ‘hybrid vigour’ in crosses involving genotypes collected from the centre of diversity of the crop in the Peruvian Amazon has been the guiding principle of cocoa breeding. In the work described here, six Amazonian genotypes and one Trinitario clone were used to produce four bi-parental crosses. Twenty-two plants of each cross were propagated from plagiotropic buds as ‘cloned seedlings’ and evaluated for growth, yield and yield efficiency (the ratio of yield to continuing vegetative growth) in replicated trials in comparison with the parental clones and the reproduced seedling family. The reproduced seedling families grew faster than and outyielded all the clones in all four crosses, although they showed no gain in yield efficiency. The vigour and yield of the ‘cloned seedlings’ of the three inter-Amazon crosses exceeded mid-parent value (MPV), but not the single Trinitario cross. The pattern of departures from MPVs was inconsistent with current understanding of the genetic distance between the parents. The superiority of the seedlings over the ‘cloned seedlings’ is interpreted as an epigenetic effect. The results suggest that simple recurrent selection is an appropriate breeding strategy in cocoa, with different optimum planting densities for the seedling and clonal phases. It is concluded that if the concept of very large ‘hybrid vigour’ did not already exist in cocoa, it would not be adopted on the evidence of this work, the first in which clones were compared to their progeny grown as clones.
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Sharma, G. D., R. R. Mishra, and W. R. Lyngdoh. "Influence of copper and formalin on the mycorrhiza of pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon)." Acta Mycologica 21, no. 1 (2014): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1985.008.
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Various concentrations of copper sulphate and formalin were tested for their effect on the efficiency of mycorrhizal functioning in pine seedlings. Low and higher doses of copper applied to the container grown seedling exhibited a less stimulatory effect than nedium doses. When applied in higher concentrations, the formalin caused mortality in young pine seedlings. The seedling yield and phosphate uptake was found maximum in 100 ppm applied concentration of copper. while słów growth and lower phosphate concentration was observed in the seedlings not given any copper treatment. Formalin at 50 ppm concentration slightly improved the seedling growth and phosphate uptake in mycorrhizal seedling as compared with untreated ones. Variation in the development and spread of ectomycorrhiza on the surface of roots of pine seedlings was also recorded in responses to copper and formalin treatments.
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Hwang, S. F., B. D. Gossen, G. D. Turnbull, K. F. Chang, and R. J. Howard. "Seedbed preparation, timing of seeding, fertility and root pathogens affect establishment and yield of alfalfa." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 2 (2002): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-121.
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Invasion by grasses and weedy species occurs when plant density in alfalfa fields falls below critical levels. Several soil-borne fungal pathogens can reduce stand density in alfalfa by impeding seedling establishment and by killing older plants weakened by other stresses. Surveys of alfalfa fields were conducted in 1997, and pathogenic fungi from rotted roots were isolated and identified. Isolates of selected pathogens were applied with the seed in field trials to assess the impact of fertilizer and seeding system (conventional vs. sod-seeding, spring vs. dormant-fall seeding) on seedling emergence and subsequent productivity when disease pressure was high. The impact of various fungicide seed treatments was also assessed. Seed treatment improved seedling emergence and initial forage productivity in one of three trials; however, it had little effect on long-term forage yield. Addition of sulphur fertilizer had little effect on seedling emergence or survival, but improved forage productivity at all three trial sites. Sod-seeded plots suffered more winterkill and were less vigorous than plots seeded into a tilled seedbed. Seedling emergence was lower when seedlings were planted in the fall than in the spring. However, fall-seeded treatments showed a less adverse response to inoculum treatments and, in some cases, these seedlings were able to take advantage of early-season moisture to produce higher yields than their spring-seeded counterparts. Key words: Medicago, Fusarium, Pythium, Phoma, fungicide, seed treatment, fertilizer, tillage
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Vytisková, Marie, Radim Cerkal, and Ivan Malý. "Influence of seedlings quality on consumer parts of selected species of cabbages." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 2 (2006): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654020147.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of seedling preparation technology (seedling flats with cell size of 20 ml, 40 ml and seedlings pulled from patches) and of seedling age at the time of planting (development stages of 3–4 true leaves and 5–6 true leaves) to the qualitative characteristics of seedling of selected cabbage species: white cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL. convar.capitata(L.) Alef. var.albaDC.) –Aros, Avak,Midor; cauliflower (Brassica oleraceaL. convar.botrytis(L.) Alef. var.botrytisL.) –Beta, Delta, Roberand savoy cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL. convar.capitata(L.) Alef. var.sabaudaL.) –Vega, Versus. The diameter and weight of rosaces, resp. heads, was evaluated in the harvested production. After splitting the harvested crop into several groups, the percentage of non-standard portion of the yield was determined. The use of older seedlings (5–6 true leaves) for the white and savoy cabbage planting had a positive influence to both average yield and the harvest earliness. On the other hand, for the cauliflower conclusively better average crop of rosaces and earlier harvests were achieved with younger seedling transplanting (3–4 true leaves). Seedling flats proved to be the most suitable way of seedling preplantation; no differences were found between the characteristics of products cultivated from the seedling flats with 20 ml and 40 ml cell volumes. In average, smaller amount of non-standard harvest plant parts was, gained with the transplanting from larger seedling flats (40 ml cell volume).
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Dasar, Gopal, G. N. Gajanana, and B. Basavaraj. "Influence of Organic Amendment and Inorganic Sources in relation to Crop Yield of Ragi and Soil Characteristics." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 3, no. 1 (2004): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.5.3.
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A fields experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil during summer season to characterize the soil crust to alleviate soil crust with organic waste and other amendments to improve the yield. Maize residue treatment recorded significantly higher grain and straw yields, seedling emergence, reduction in the crust strength and increase in the moisture content of the crust was observed due to maize residues incorporation. Soil crust contains higher amount of finer fractions, sesquioxides, iron, dispersion ratio and lower amount of organic matter. The problem of soils crusting is common in agricultural soils under a wide range of climatic conditions. Soil crust is a hard layer formed on the surface due to impact of rain drops and subsequent drying. Though the seeds germinate below the crust, seedlings are not able to exert sufficient upward pressure to pierce through the crust resulting in pre-emergence death of seedlings, crusts are known to adversely affect seedling emergence, early growth of seedling oxygen supply, moisture iniliteration but increase erosion and run off.
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Luqui, Laís De Lima, Josiane Souza Salles, Edilson Costa, et al. "SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION AND FRUIT YIELD OF CUCUMBER ON DIFFERENT ORGANIC SUBSTRATES." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 6, no. 4 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v6i4.3544.
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Demand for agricultural products with zero or reduced amounts of agrochemicals leads to increasingly healthy production alternatives. Thus, seedling formation and fruit yield of three cucumber cultivars were evaluated on different organic substrates in a protected environment. Marketer, Caipira and Verde Comprido cultivars were grown on five substrates: 100% cassava stems + 0% cattle manure; 75% cassava stems + 25% cattle manure; 50% cassava stems + 50% cattle manure; 25% cassava stems + 75% cattle manure and 0% cassava stems + 100% cattle manure. A completely randomized design in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme (5 substrates X 3 cultivars) was used, with six replications of four seedlings in the seedling formation phase and five replications of two plants in the fruit production phase. The seedlings were produced in trays with 72 cells, and fruit production was conducted in 13-liter pots. There was a little influence of the substrates on the emergence of cucumber cultivars: the substrates with 75 and 100% of cattle manure provided the best conditions for seedling formation, as well as the highest yield and the largest amount of fruits. On the best substrates, the cultivar Caipira had fruits with higher mass and larger average fruit diameter, but in smaller numbers.
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Kant, S., P. Verma, and S. S. Pahuja. "Growth and yield maintenance in bread wheat by seed priming under late-sown conditions." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 4 (2003): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.4.10.
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In the sub-tropical regions of India, the 1st to 3rd week of November is the optimum time for sowing wheat. A delay in sowing due to various factors causes a substantial yield reduction. Seeds of four wheat varieties (Sonak, UP 2338, Raj 3765 and PBW 343) were subjected to seed priming treatments involving water, salts, growth regulator and the sowing of sprouted seed under late-sown conditions during the winter seasons of 1998-99 and 1999-2000. The sowing of sprouted seeds resulted in significantly more rapid emergence of seedlings, accompanied by higher grain and straw yields. Seeds primed with IAA, KCl, water, ZnSO4 and Na2SO4 followed in this order. The lowest seedling emergence and grain yield were obtained for unprimed seeds. Seedling emergence was higher in the variety Sonak, while Raj 3765 and UP 2338 had higher leaf water, osmotic and turgor potentials during the 1998-99 season. The variety PBW 343 produced significantly higher grain and straw yields in the 1999-2000 season.
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Couvillon, Gary A. "Cercis canadensis L. Seed Size Influences Germination Rate, Seedling Dry Matter, and Seedling Leaf Area." HortScience 37, no. 1 (2002): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.1.206.
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Several studies with annual crops have shown that large seeds improve percent germination, seedling growth, and uniformity, yield, seedling vigor, and stress tolerance. Little information is available on the influence of seed size on the resulting seedlings of woody plant species. Cercis canadensis L. seeds were divided into large and small seed size fractions and the seeds scarified, stratified, and planted. A larger percentage of large seeds germinated than did small seeds. Seedlings from large seeds had a greater peak and germination value than small seeds, indicating greater vigor and a more rapid germination rate thus more uniform seedlings. Seedlings from large seeds, as indicated by fresh and dry weights, were larger and contained a greater leaf area than those produced by small seed.
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McIvor, John G., and Chris J. Gardener. "Population dynamics of Stylosanthes hamata and S. scabra in north-eastern Queensland: effects of superphosphate application, timber treatment, and stocking rate." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 7 (1998): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98023.
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The effects of pasture management (superphosphate application, timber treatment, stocking rate) on the herbage yields and population dynamics (seed production, seedling numbers, plant longevity) of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and S. scabra cv. Seca grown in grass-legume mixtures were measured from 1982 to 1992 at 2 sites, Hillgrove (extractable phosphorus, 50 mg/kg) and Cardigan (extractable phosphorus, 6 mg/kg), near Charters Towers, north-eastern Queensland. Stylosanthes hamata was higher yielding during the first 3 years at both sites but subsequently S. scabra produced the larger yields. This resulted in S. hamata dominating the legume component in the early years but the proportion of S. hamata then declined, so that by the final year, S. hamata contributed <20% of the legume mixture at both sites. Both seed yields and seedling numbers varied widely between years for both species at both sites. In the early years there were more S. hamata seedlings but in the later years S. scabra had greater seedling numbers. Seed yield and seedling numbers were not significantly affected by superphosphate but both were higher for S. hamata on plots with live trees than on plots with killed trees; numbers of seeds and seedlings of S. scabra were not affected by tree killing. Seed and seedling numbers of both species tended to be greatest at the intermediate stocking rates. Survival of both S. hamata and S. scabra at both sites conformed to Deevey"s Type II curve (i.e. death rate was constant with age). The S. scabra plants lived considerably longer than the S. hamata plants. Pasture treatments had less influence on longevity than on seed production and seedling numbers. Seed production and seedling establishment of both species were marginal for their persistence in the region, and management should aim for seed set and subsequent seedling establishment to occur sufficiently frequently to allow the legumes to persist.
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Elliott, R. H., L. W. Mann, and O. O. Olfert. "Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling vigour and tolerance of summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 2 (2007): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-166.
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A 3-yr study was conducted on three synthetic Brassica rapa L. cultivars to determine the effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling growth and susceptibility to feeding damage by flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Seed lots of AC Boreal, Fairview and Hysyn 110 were sieved to obtain small, medium and large seeds (1.4–1.6, 1.6–1.8 and 1.8–2.0 mm, respectively). In the laboratory, seedlings grown from large seeds had the largest cotyledons, highest shoot dry weight and highest biomass. Shoot weights increased as seed size increased. Sized seeds of the three cultivars were grown in the field without insecticides in 1998–2000. Seedlings of small seeds had the highest flea beetle damage and poorest seedling establishment. Shoot dry weight and biomass 14–35 d after planting increased as seed size and seed weight increased. Compared with small seeds, large seeds improved shoot dry weight, biomass and seed yield by 13–43, 25–57 and 12%, respectively. Results indicated that seedlings of medium and large seeds are more vigorous and tolerant to flea beetle damage than seedlings of small seeds. Tolerance was due to a higher initial seedling weight rather than higher relative growth rate. Shoot dry weights, biomass and yield of the three cultivars were more strongly correlated with 1000-seed weight than with seed diameter. Key words: Canola, flea beetles, seed size, seedling vigour, tolerance, seed weight
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Taylor, AJ. "Lucerne seedling growth and first year productivity in south-eastern Australia as influenced by sowing date in autumn and early winter." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870833.
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A field experiment at Tatura, Vic., compared lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) seedling growth and first year productivity of 2 lucerne cultivars (cv. CUF101 and Dekalb 167) sown at monthly intervals from early autumn (March) to early winter (June). At the first hay cut in October, both delayed autumn sowing and the increased winter dormancy between cultivars resulted in significantly lower seedling DM and crop height. Total DM yield from 5 hay cuts during the first cutting season declined as sowing date was delayed. Yields were 18.5, 16.5, 14.5 and 13.1 t ha-1 for the March, April, May and June sowings, respectively. However, no differences in total yield occurred between cultivars despite better early growth of CUF101. During the first 20 weeks from each sowing, significant interactions occurred for seedling DM and crop height between sowing date and cultivar (P=0.05). At 20 weeks of age, seedling DM of the March sown CUF101 was significantly greater than for all other sowings at the same age. At 4 weeks, seedling DM of the June sowings were significantly lower than all others. However, at 20 weeks, seedling DM and crop height of the June sowings were significantly higher than for the April and May sowings. Seedlings of the May sowings remained small for the longest period. The greatest relative differences in seedling DM and crop height occurred at about 10 weeks after sowing where the March sown CUF101 and Dekalb 167 were 29 and 4 1 times greater than the May sown CUF101 and Dekalb 167 respectively. The comparison of seedling DM of the autumn sowings with spring (Sept. and Oct.) sown semi-winter-dormant lucerne (cv. Validor), showed that at 12 weeks of seedling age, seedling DM of the spring sowings was more than double that of the March sown Dekalb 167.
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Wang, Shi-fa, Huan-yong Li, Chun-ya Feng, et al. "Design and Applied Research of Indoor Soilless Planting Device for Sprout-Seedling Vegetables in Family Rooms." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 4 (2020): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13809.
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Highlights The planting device designed in the study was very suitable for planting sprout-seedling vegetable in family room. The humidity in the planting device was maintained higher than 80%, which far exceeded the humidity in the room. Increasing both the humidity and water supplementation for sprouts was an innovation of this design. The sprout yield reached 50-70 kg m -2 yr -1 , the economic value reached 700-1000 RMB yuan ($99.5-$142.2) m -2 yr -1 . Abstract . In this study, we designed an indoor soilless planting device for planting sprout-seedling vegetables in family rooms and used it to conduct experiments. The results showed that the indoor soilless planting device designed by us had the advantages of a high moisturizing effect (above 80%), convenient disassembly, attractive appearance, low cost and high practicability, and it was very suitable for planting sprout-seedling vegetables such as radish seedlings, water spinach seedlings, pea seedlings, pine willow seedlings, sunflower seedlings, etc. The planting device could meet the needs of people to plant sprouts in family rooms in their spare time, which could not only provide families with high-quality fresh vegetables but could also beautify indoor environments with high economic and ecological benefits. The results show that the average yield of sprout-seedling vegetables reached 50 kg m-2 yr-1 to 70 kg m-2 yr-1, and the average economic value reached 700 RMB yuan ($99.5) m-2 yr-1 to 1000 RMB yuan ($142.2) m-2 yr-1. Keywords: Design, Family rooms, Indoor, Planting device, Soiless, Sprout-seedling vegetables.
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Bhuiyan, MAH, ME Ali, MR Khatun, F. Alam, and MB Banu. "Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculum Rate on Tomato (Lycopersicum esculenta L.) Seedlings." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, no. 2 (2016): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i2.28444.
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An experiment on the effect of rate of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculum in producing tomato seedlings (var. Ratan) were conducted in the seedbed of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2007-08 and 2008-09. Seven rates of AM inoculum viz. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 kg m-2 were studied on tomato seedlings. Cowdung was used at the rate of 5 kg m-2 as basal. Seeds were sown in 10 cm apart solid lines on 13 November 2007 and 11 November 2008, and the seedlings were thinned down to about 3 cm from seedling to seedling within a week of germination. Ratan was used as the variety of tomato. Biomass yield, seedling height and nutrient uptake by tomato seedlings increased greatly with the use of AM inoculum. Biomass yield of tomato seedlings followed quadratic trend with the increase of AM inoculum rate from 0 to 1.0 kg m-2 in 2007-08 and 0 to 2.0 kg m-2 in 2008-09.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 2, Dec 2012, pp 104-108
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Liu, A., and T. J. Ridsdill-Smith. "Feeding by redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) on seedlings influences subsequent plant performance of different pulse crops." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99144.
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Damage caused by redlegged earth mite to seedlings of 6 pulse species and its effect on subsequent plant growth and grain yield were examined under controlled and field conditions. Seedling damage caused by redlegged earth mite affected subsequent plant growth and reduced seed yield, but the responses varied among different pulse species. Field pea and yellow lupin were the most susceptible at seedling stage and flowering, but only yellow lupin suffered significant reduction in grain yield (30%) in the field. Narrow-leafed lupin suffered moderate damage, faba bean slight damage, while chickpea and lentil suffered little or no damage. The practical implications of these results are discussed.
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Elliott, R. H., C. Franke, and G. F. W. Rakow. "Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (2008): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07059.
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A 3-yr study was conducted on four Brassica napus L. cultivars to determine the effects of seed size and seed weight on the performance and tolerance of canola seedlings to feeding damage by flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysom elidae). Seed lots of a doubled haploid cultivar Cyclone, hybrid cultivar AC H102 and two open-pollinated cultivars Profit and AC Elect were sieved to obtain small, medium, large and very large seeds (1.4–1.6, 1.6–1.8, 1.8–2.0 and 2.0–2.2 mm diameter, respectively). Under controlled environmental conditions, leaf area, shoot weight and biomass of seedlings from large and very large seeds were 1.3–2.0 times greater than those of seedlings from small seeds. Under field conditions without insecticides, seedlings from small seeds of each cultivar had the highest flea beetle damage, poorest establishment, and lowest shoot weight, biomass and yield. Compared with small seeds, large seeds improved seedling establishment, shoot weight, biomass and yield by 1.1, 1.6–2.0, 3.0–3.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. Results indicated that seedlings from large seeds are more vigorous and tolerant to flea beetle damage than seedlings from medium or small seeds. Seedling vigour and tolerance was due to a higher initial shoot biomass and higher growth rate when flea beetle damage was severe. When damage exceeded 50%, large heavy seeds had the best stand establishment, best shoot growth and highest yield in each cultivar. Key words: Canola, flea beetles, seed size, seed weight, seedling vigour, tolerance
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Johnston, Adrian M., and F. Craig Stevenson. "Field pea response to seeding depth and P fertilization." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 3 (2001): 573–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-166.
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A study was conducted at Melfort, SK, in 1998 and 1999 to determine whether seeding depth and P fertilization affect field pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedling emergence and grain yield. Treatments included a factorial combination of three seeding depths (38 mm, 76 mm, and 114 mm) with and without 25 kg P2O5 ha–1 as monoammonium phosphate. While seedling density was not affected by seeding depth at 3 wk after planting, the deepest seeding depth produced significantly fewer seedlings than the two shallower depths at 5 wk post-seeding. A year-by-seeding-depth interaction was recorded for grain yield, with deep seeding (114 mm) reducing yield by 8.5% in 1998, while no significant differences were recorded due to depth in 1999. Side-banded phosphorus fertilizer applications reduced seedling emergence at 3 wk; however, no difference was recorded by 5 wk after seeding. At harvest, addition of P fertilizer significantly increased grain yields on this high P testing soil; however, this response was small, averaging 138 kg ha–1. Results of this trial indicate that while field peas can tolerate deep seeding there appears to be little benefit from seeding deeper than 76 mm. Key words: Field pea, seeding depth, P fertilizer
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Çalık, Ayşe, and Tahir Polat. "The Effects of Various Improvement Methods Applications on Herbage Yield of Natural Pastures." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 10 (2019): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i10.1714-1721.2900.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, which was performed on an over-grazing pasture in Şanlıurfa under the influence of a dry climate, the effects of different breeding methods such as natural(control), fertilization, insemination, fertilization+insemination+insemination+insemination + release on natural pastures were investigated. In order to increase the yield potential of Natural Pastures in the research area, manure, seedling, fertilization+seedling, fertilization+seedling+version methods were applied on both protected and grazing fields. Using the transect method, key plant species in the region were determined. As a result of the research, according to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in grazing area was 47.98 kg/da fertilized seedlings and the lowest yield was 21.40 kg/da natural (control) seedlings. According to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in the protected area was obtained from 171.29 kg/da manure, and the lowest value was obtained from 82.77 kg/da natural (control) pasture. According to the results of breeding methods applied in the field of research; in addition to protecting pasture areas, a suitable fertilization is required. In addition, it was concluded that the desired result could be achieved by making a regular grazing according to the rules of grazing amanjman.
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,, Djumali, Lestari ,, and Dan Supriyono. "Penampilan Tebu dari Benih Bagal dan Budchip pada Dua Tata Tanam di Lahan Kering." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 45, no. 3 (2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i3.12311.
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<em>Sugarcane and replanting programs require a lot of seed cane and can not be fulfilled from budsetts. To fill up the gap the use of budchip seedlings is suggested. The appropriate planting arrangement for budchip seedling has not been studied thoroughly. The study was conducted at the Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, East Java, from January to December 2014 for the plant cane (PC) and from January to December 2015 for ratoon cane (RC). Research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of (1) single budsett in single row planting, (2) double budsetts in double rows planting, (3) single budchip in single row planting, (4) single budchip in double rows planting, and (5) double budchips in double rows planting. The results showed the budchip seedling increase productivity 14.46-15.46%, sugar yield 18.17-23.38%, and profit 873% from budsett seedling. Double rows planting with budchip seedling increase productivity 52.11-61.01%, sugar yield 48.51-61.84%, and profit 603% from single row planting. Double rows planting suitable for budchip seedling is single budchip with productivity 52.53-88.30 ton ha-1, sugar yield 3.69-8.17 ton ha-1 and profit IDR 9,123,000 ha-1 per year. <br /><br />Keywords: growth, planting material, productivity, Saccharum officinarum, sugar yield<br /><br /></em>
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Wen, Daxing, Haicheng Xu, Liuyong Xie, et al. "Effects of Nitrogen Level during Seed Production on Wheat Seed Vigor and Seedling Establishment at the Transcriptome Level." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (2018): 3417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113417.
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Nitrogen fertilizer is a critical determinant of grain yield and seed quality in wheat. However, the mechanism of nitrogen level during seed production affecting wheat seed vigor and seedling establishment at the transcriptome level remains unknown. Here, we report that wheat seeds produced under different nitrogen levels (N0, N168, N240, and N300) showed significant differences in seed vigor and seedling establishment. In grain yield and seed vigor, N0 and N240 treatments showed the minimum and maximum, respectively. Subsequently, we used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomes of seeds and seedlings under N0 and N240 at the early stage of seedling establishment. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed that dioxygenase-activity-related genes were dramatically upregulated in faster growing seedlings. Among these genes, the top three involved linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase (Traes_2DL_D4BCDAA76, Traes_2DL_CE85DC5C0, and Traes_2DL_B5B62EE11). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that pathways involved in nutrient mobilization and the antioxidant system showed enhanced expression under N240. Moreover, seeds with faster growing seedlings had a higher gene expression level of α-amylase, which was consistent with α-amylase activity. Taken together, we propose a model for seedling establishment and seed vigor in response to nitrogen level during seed production.
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Acharya, Jyotsna, Thomas B. Moorman, Thomas C. Kaspar, Andrew W. Lenssen, and Alison E. Robertson. "Cover Crop Rotation Effects on Growth and Development, Seedling Disease, and Yield of Corn and Soybean." Plant Disease 104, no. 3 (2020): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-19-1904-re.
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The effects of winter cover crops on root disease and growth of corn and soybeans are poorly understood. A 3-year field experiment investigated the effect of winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter camelina (Camelina sativa [L.] Crantz), used either in all three years or in rotation with each other, on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max. [L.] Merr.) growth, root disease, and yield. Corn following a cover crop of camelina had reduced root disease, a lower Pythium population in seedling roots, and greater growth and yields compared with corn following a rye cover crop. Camelina and rye cover crops before soybean had either a positive or no effect on soybean growth and development, root disease, and yield. Moreover, Pythium clade B populations were greater in corn seedlings after a rye cover crop compared with those following a camelina cover crop, whereas clade F populations were greater on soybean seedlings following a camelina cover crop compared with seedlings following a rye cover crop. A winter camelina cover crop grown before corn had less-negative effects on corn seedling growth, root disease, and final yield than a winter rye cover crop before corn. Neither cover crop had negative effects on soybean, and the cover crop in the preceding spring had no measurable effects on either corn or soybean.
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Buntin, G. David. "Simulated Insect Defoliation of Seedlings and Productivity of Winter Small-Grain Crops." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 4 (1994): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.4.534.
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Insects, such as grasshoppers, Spodoptera spp. armyworms and flea beetles, occasionally defoliate seedlings of autumn-planted small grain crops. Seedlings of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L., oats, Avena sativa L., rye, Secale cereale L., and triticale, X Triticosecale Wittmack, were mechanically clipped at the soil surface to simulate insect leaf injury for various periods after planting up to the 1-, 2-, and 4-leaf stages. Defoliation up to the 4-leaf stage (i.e., ≥ 30 days after planting) delayed spike emergence of all crops by several days. Seedling defoliation generally had little adverse effect on grain yield and test weight of rye in any year and reduced yield of triticale in one of three years. Furthermore, plants of both species defoliated in the 2- and 4-leaf stages were less severely damaged by cold temperatures and yielded as much or more than nondefoliated plants when late freezes occurred. Seedling defoliation up to the 4-leaf stage also had little negative effect on grain yield and test weight of wheat. Grain yield of barley and oats declined with increasing length of defoliation period in two of three seasons with most of the reduction occurring when defoliation exceeded 20 days. Results imply that seedling defoliation up to the 4-leaf stage has little effect on grain yield and test weight of winter wheat, rye, and triticale. Defoliation only adversely affected yield of barley and oats when it occurred beyond the 2-leaf stage. As long as plant stand is not reduced, economic thresholds for seedling pests of winter small-grain crops that do not allow for the loss of most leaf tissue for several weeks after planting probably are too conservative.
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Alam, M. Z., M. Ahmed, M. S. Alam, M. E. Haque ., and M. S. Hossin . "Performance of Seedling Ages and Seedling Raising Techniques on Yield and Yield Components of Transplant Aman Rice." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 11 (2002): 1214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2002.1214.1216.
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Hanna, Hanna Y. "Producing a Grafted and a Non-Grafted Tomato Plant from the Same Seedling." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (2012): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.72.
Full textAbstract:
Growing grafted hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars in greenhouse operations is gaining popularity worldwide. The costs of producing grafted plants remain a deterrent to the smaller producer. After removing plant tops to use as scions for grafting tomato plants, the stumps that have well-developed root systems and cotyledon leaves are usually discarded with the root media and containers. If productive plants can be produced from sprouts on the stumps, they can be used as non-grafted hybrids at the same farm or sold to other growers for income to defray part of the grafting costs. A 2-year greenhouse study examined the effects of three propagation methods and three tomato cultivars on plant yield and related traits. Seedling, grafted, and stump sprout plants of the hybrid cultivars Geronimo, Quest, and Starbuck were used in this study. Plants grafted on ‘Maxifort’ rootstock had greater stem diameter (P < 0.0001) below the first and third clusters than the seedling or stump sprout plants. The seedling plants had greater stem diameter than stump sprout plants below both clusters. During the first 3 weeks of harvest, seedling plants produced greater yields (P < 0.0001) than grafted or stump sprout plants and the differences were cultivar related. ‘Quest’ was the only cultivar that produced similar yields (2.8 vs. 2.3 lb) as a seedling or a grafted plant during the first 3 weeks of harvest. Tomato plants propagated by all three methods produced similar yields and fruit weight in the remaining 16 weeks of harvest. Cultivars had no significant effect on yield during the first 3 weeks of harvest (P > 0.05), but their yields were significantly different during the remaining 16 weeks of harvest (P < 0.0001). The apparent reason for yield advantages of the seedling plants during the first 3 weeks of harvest was the uninterrupted growth during the seedling stage. Propagation method had no specific influence on fruit quality attributes. On the bases of this study, producing productive tomato plants from stump sprouts is a feasible cultural technique that can reduce losses associated with plants used in grafting. It also allows the repeated use of the soilless media and the seedling containers. The produced plants can generate substantial income for businesses that graft a significant number of tomato seedlings. For this cultural method to work, grafting should be timed to allow the stump sprout plants to grow for at least 5 weeks before planting in the grow bags. This practice is normally followed in producing transplants from seeds.
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Chang, K. F., S. F. Hwang, B. D. Gossen, G. D. Turnbull, H. Wang, and R. J. Howard. "Effects of inoculum density, temperature, seeding depth, seeding date and fungicidal seed treatment on the impact of Rhizoctonia solani on lentil." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 4 (2008): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-020.
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Rhizoctonia solani causes seedling blight and root rot in lentil, which reduces plant populations and the vigour and yield of surviving plants. Factors in the seedling environment, such as inoculum density, temperature, seeding depth, seeding date, and fungicidal seed treatment were studied to determine the degree to which they affect the impact of R. solani on lentil seedlings. Survival of lentil plants was evaluated after planting into soil artificially inoculated with various concentrations of a highly aggressive isolate of R. solani (AG-4). Emergence, seedling survival and shoot dry matter production decreased with increasing inoculum density, but these declines varied with temperature. Low soil temperatures delayed the emergence of lentil seedlings in non-inoculated soil, but in inoculated soils, emergence was inhibited with increasing temperatures. Depth of seeding did not affect seedling establishment, but root rot severity increased with depth of seeding in a growth cabinet trial. Root nodulation was reduced as root rot severity increased. In field experiments carried out over 3 station years, seeding date had a substantial effect on seedling emergence and yield of inoculated treatments, but the trends were not consistent between sites. In field assessments of fungicide efficacy, treatment of seed with thiabendazole plus carbathiin (Crown) and carbathiin plus thiram (Vitaflo 280) improved seedling establishment relative to the inoculated control. Key words: Lens culinaris, damping-off, root rot, seeding date, fungicide seed treatment depth of seeding, thiabendazole, carbathiin, thiram
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Dufault, Robert J., and Jonathan R. Schultheis. "Bell Pepper Seedling Growth and Yield following Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning." HortScience 29, no. 9 (1994): 999–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.9.999.
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To reduce transplant shock of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), we tested the effectiveness of pretransplant nutritional conditioning (PNC) as a promoter of earliness and yield. In Expt. 1, `Gatorbelle' bell pepper seedlings were fertilized with N from Ca(NO3)2 at 25, 75, or 225 mg·liter-1 and P from Ca(H2PO4)2 at 5, 15, or 45 mg·liter-1. Nitrogen interacted with P, affecting shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area, root dry weight, seedling height, and leaf count. In Expt. 2, transplants conditioned with N from 50, 100, and 200 mg·liter-1 and P at 15, 30, and 60 mg·liter-1 were field-planted in Charleston, S.C., and Clinton, N.C. Nitrogen- and P-PNC did not greatly affect recovery from transplant shock. Although N- and P-PNC affected seedling growth in the greenhouse, earliness, total yield, and quality were similar in field studies among all PNC treatments at both locations. PNC with 50 mg N and 15 mg P/liter can be used with this variety and not have any long-term detrimental effects on yield and quality.