Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seeds – Dispersal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Seeds – Dispersal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 24 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Seeds – Dispersal"

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Baker, F. A., and D. W. French. "Dispersal of Arceuthobiumpusillum seeds." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-001.

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Seed dispersal of Arceuthobiumpusillum Peck on Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P. was studied at two locations in Minnesota from 1974–1980. Seed dispersal began as early as August 23 and was observed as late as September 27. Most seeds were dispersed in the mornings between 0400 and 0900. The mean annual distance of dispersal ranged from 1.0 to 2.3 m. The density of seeds trapped on the plots ranged from 4.2 to 16.7 seeds/m2. At both locations, the number of seeds trapped outside the stand decreased logarithmically with distance from the source trees. Within stands, seeds were more frequently trapped 1–4 m from source trees than under them. Most seed dispersal occurred 1-3 days after rain. Seeds were dispersed normally on 23 of 30 days when minimum temperatures were less than 0 °C. Fruit abortion was noted on four occasions. Insects were not found to carry dwarf mistletoe seeds.
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Roxburgh, Lizanne. "The effect of gut processing on the quality of mistletoe seed dispersal." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 3 (April 24, 2007): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004014.

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Disperser effectiveness is the contribution that a disperser makes to the future reproduction of a plant (Schupp 1993), and it has two components: quality and quantity of dispersal. Quantity of dispersal is a function of the number of visits that a disperser makes to a fruiting plant and the number of seeds that are dispersed during each visit. Quality of dispersal is a function of the treatment that a seed receives from its disperser and the site that the seed is finally deposited in. The quality of seed dispersal of the mistletoe Phragmanthera dschallensis (Engl.) M.G. Gilbert (Loranthaceae) by frugivorous birds was examined in this study.
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Stevenson, Pablo, and Adriana Guzmán. "Seed dispersal, habitat selection and movement patterns in the Amazonian tortoise, Geochelone denticulata." Amphibia-Reptilia 29, no. 4 (2008): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808786230442.

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AbstractThe Amazonian tortoise Geochelone denticulata may play an important role in forest dynamics due to its highly frugivorous diet, ability to disperse viable seeds, and predilection for resting in forest gaps for thermoregulation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the species' effectiveness as a seed disperser. We measured dispersal quantity (abundance of seeds in feces, frequency of droppings, and population density of the disperser) and dispersal quality (movement patterns, habitat use, germination rates of dispersed seeds, and recruitment probabilities of seedlings) in a SW Amazonian forest, in Peru. Population density was calculated by mark-recapture and line-transect methods. Eight individuals were radio-tracked to monitor habitat use. Diet was described from fecal samples, which were washed to count seeds and for germination experiments. Seedling survival in different environmental conditions was monitored for three plant species. Population densities with mark-recapture estimates (0.15-0.31 individuals/ha) were much higher than with line transects estimates (0.0025 individuals/ha). Diet included fruit of 55 different plant species. Dispersed seeds had high germination rates (average 76%). In spite of their low activity, we documented long seed dispersal distances (average 89.6 m). Tortoises showed a marked preference for the open-canopy swampy forest, where long term recruitment was not favorable for seedlings of the species examined. However, the high solar radiation in this forest type promoted survival of pioneer seedlings in the short term. In conclusion, while G. denticulata did not perform a very efficient role in terms of the quantity of seed dispersal, the species can be considered efficient in many aspects of dispersal quality.
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Pairon, Marie, Mathieu Jonard, and Anne-Laure Jacquemart. "Modeling seed dispersal of black cherry, an invasive forest tree: how microsatellites may help?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-018.

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We used empirical models and three dispersal functions (Weibull, lognormal and 2Dt) to model seed distributions derived from the black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) understorey of a pine-dominated stand. Two different approaches were used to disentangle the overlapping seed shadows: the traditional inverse modeling approach and the genetic approach that uses microsatellite markers to assign a dispersed seed to its maternal parent. The distinction was made between the seeds passively dispersed by gravity (fruits with mesocarp) and those dispersed by birds (fruits without mesocarp). Our main objectives were to compare the three dispersal functions and assess the differences between the two approaches used. The functions performed equally well, but the lognormal function often showed a better data correlation. The best dispersal curves obtained by both traditional and genetic approaches were quite similar for the seeds dispersed by gravity, and 95% of these seeds were predicted to fall 5 and 3 m away from the parent tree for the traditional and genetic approaches, respectively. Differences were more important for the seeds dispersed by birds. The traditional approach predicted a lower number of seeds near the parent plant and a higher dispersal distance. Microsatellites provided accurate information on individual dispersal events and led to a better insight into the dispersal process.
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Barroso, Judit, Dionisio Andújar, Carolina San Martín, César Fernández-Quintanilla, and José Dorado. "Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Seed Dispersal in Corn Crops under Mediterranean Conditions." Weed Science 60, no. 1 (March 2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00099.1.

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Natural dissemination of johnsongrass seeds as well as the effect of combine harvesting on this process were studied in corn fields. The estimation of natural dispersal was carried out by two different methods, collecting seeds throughout the season using seed traps and sampling soil–surface seed abundance before harvest using a vacuum device. Both methods showed the same dispersal pattern. A minimum of 84.6% was dispersed in the first 2 m from the focus and a maximum of 1.6% was dispersed beyond the first 5 m. An average of 76.3% of these dispersed seeds were lost or buried after shedding but before harvest. Seed dispersal by the combine harvester was estimated from the difference between soil–surface seed abundance in the same sites pre and postharvest. Although the quantity of seeds dispersed by the combine was similar to those dispersed by natural factors, dispersal distances were significantly higher. Around 90% of the dispersed seeds were found in the first 5 m forward and backward of the combine direction from the infestation source, and 1.6% of the seeds were found beyond 22 m forward and 10 m backward of the combine direction from the infestation source. A large proportion of the seeds dispersed were dormant or not viable. It is concluded that the major role of sexual reproduction in johnsongrass population dynamics may be to spread the risks, promoting dispersal in time and space.
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Moses, Kara L., and Stuart Semple. "Primary seed dispersal by the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) in the Manombo forest, south-east Madagascar." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 5 (August 2, 2011): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467411000198.

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Abstract:Seed dispersal is a pivotal ecological process but remains poorly understood on Madagascar, where lemurs are key dispersers. The black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) possesses many behavioural and ecological attributes potentially conducive to effective seed dispersal, but no studies have investigated dispersal patterns in this species. This 3-mo study quantified aspects of the primary seed dispersal patterns generated by two Varecia variegata groups (7 individuals). Feeding and ranging behaviour was quantified using behavioural observation (345.6 h), dispersal quantity and seed identity was determined by faecal analysis, and 10-wk germination trials tested effects of gut passage on germination of four species. Individual lemurs dispersed an estimated 104 seeds d−1, of 40 species. Most seeds were large (>10 mm); the largest was 42 mm long. Gut passage was rapid (mean 4.4 h) and generally increased germination speed and success. Mean and maximum inferred dispersal distances were 180 and 506 m respectively; low compared with many anthropoids, but possibly typical of lemurs. Though limited by a short study period, results suggest that the ruffed lemur is an effective disperser of seeds and possibly a critical disperser of large-seeded species which other frugivores cannot swallow. Loss of large-bodied seed dispersers such as Varecia variegata may have far-reaching ecological consequences including impacts on forest structure and dynamics.
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Chapman, Colin A. "Primate Seed Dispersal: The Fate of Dispersed Seeds." Biotropica 21, no. 2 (June 1989): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388705.

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Sahley, Catherine Teresa, Klauss Cervantes, Edith Salas, Diego Paredes, Victor Pacheco, and Alfonso Alonso. "Primary seed dispersal by a sigmodontine rodent assemblage in a Peruvian montane forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 2 (March 2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000043.

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Abstract:We examined quantity and quality components of primary seed dispersal for an assemblage of sigmodontine rodents in a high-elevation montane tropical forest in Peru. We collected faecal samples from 134 individuals belonging to seven rodent species from the subfamily Sigmodontinae (Cricetidae) over a 2-y period. We conducted seed viability tests for seeds found in faecal samples. We identified seeds from eight plant families (Bromeliaceae, Annonaceae, Brassicaceae, Ericaceae, Melastomatacae, Myrtaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae), nine genera and 13 morphospecies. The most abundant seeds belonged toGaultheriasp. 1 (46% of total) andMiconiasp. 1 (31% of total), while the most viable seeds belonged toGreigiasp. (84% viability) andGuatteriasp. (80% viability). We utilized relative rodent abundance, seed species diversity, seed abundance and seed viability per rodent species to calculate an index of rodent disperser effectiveness, and found thatThomasomys kalinowskiiwas the most effective disperser, followed byAkodon torques,Calomys sorellus,Thomasomys oreas,Oligoryzomys andinusandMicroryzomys minutus. Plant genera dispersed by sigmodontine rodents overlapped more with bird- and terrestrial-mammal-dispersed plants than with bat-dispersed plants. Future neotropical seed dispersal studies should consider small rodents as potential seed-dispersers, especially in tropical habitats where small-seeded, berry-forming shrubs and trees are present.
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Dorp, D. van, W. P. M. van den Hoek, and C. Daleboudt. "Seed dispersal capacity of six perennial grassland species measured in a wind tunnel at varying wind speed and height." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 1956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-234.

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The dispersal capacity of six perennial grassland species with different seed aerodynamic attributes was assessed in a wind tunnel. The selected species have difficulty in recolonizing restored ecosystems because of a poor dispersal of seeds. The variation in dispersal distances of seeds within and between species was assessed by releasing seeds at varying wind speeds and release heights, and expressed as 1st percentile, mode, and 99th percentile values. Dispersal distances of long-range dispersed seeds (99th percentile values) increased exponentially with wind speed. At wind speeds of 14 m/s, predicted maximum distances are 10–15 m for small and relatively heavy spherical seeds and 20–30 m for large and relatively light cylindrical or disk-like seeds. In the study area, wind gusts > 10 m/s at plant height occur at least annually, and plants of the selected species live up to several decades. This suggests a great potential for long-range dispersal during the lifetime of a plant. Plants may gain wider dispersal of seeds by increasing the release height (e.g., taller infructescences) and by requiring stronger winds to release seeds (e.g., dispersal in autumn and winter). Keywords: dispersal, wind tunnel, seeds, perennial, wind gust.
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Kankam, Bright Obeng, and William Oduro. "Frugivores and fruit removal ofAntiaris toxicaria(Moraceae) at Bia Biosphere Reserve, Ghana." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 2 (March 2009): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409005835.

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In tropical forests, most individual fruit-bearing trees depend on frugivores for seed dispersal (Howe & Smallwood 1982, Wilson 1992). Seed dispersal enhances germination potential, provides an opportunity for seeds to escape predation under the parent plants, and reduces seedling numbers under parent trees (Şekercioğluet al. 2004). The way frugivores handle seeds and process them may influence the seed fate of many plants (Janzen 1971). The quantity of seeds dispersed and the quality of dispersal provided by frugivores impact plant fitness (Herrera & Jordano 1981). Schupp (1993) defined the effectiveness of seed dispersal by frugivores as an empirical measure of quantity of seeds dispersed and quality of dispersal from the parent plant to a suitable microsite. Seed dispersal by frugivores increases the chances for seedling survival away from the vicinity of the parent plant because in tropical forests seed predation is concentrated under adult trees that prevent seedlings from establishing near parent trees (Howe & Miriti 2004).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seeds – Dispersal"

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Gwynne-Evans, David. "The dispersal paradox : can lowland granivorous mice also disperse the seeds they devour?" Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24830.

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The relationship between two rodent species and the Cape Reed (Willdenowia incurvata) were examined. Many studies have focussed on the role of rodents as predators of plant seeds. However, it seems that certain rodents may actually perform a crucial role in the dispersal of plants. Experiments to uncover the dispersal mechanism were carried out. Also examined is the role of the appendages present on the Restio seeds, possibly as energy-rich rewards for dispersal for the rodents. It was found that the Restio may be dependent on seed-dispersing rodents, although this mutualism is not so important in fragmented habitats.
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Davis, Shavaughn. "Endozoochory in the subtropical thicket: comparing effects of species with different digestive systems on seed fate." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/494.

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Endozoochory is an important form of seed dispersal and as such plays a fundamental role in plant population and community ecology. This is especially true in the Subtropical Thicket biome where many plant species are adapted for endozoochory. Endozoochorous seed dispersal is carried out by a wide range of thicket fauna, but changes in the faunal assemblage associated with transformed thicket threatens to disrupt the process of endozoochorous seed dispersal and in turn the regeneration dynamics of thicket plants. Outside of conservation areas, indigenous seed dispersers are often replaced by domestic species, such as goats, which are hypothesized to differ in their seed dispersal efficiencies. The dispersal efficiencies of important thicket seed dispersers that occur in transformed and untransformed thicket were therefore investigated. The influence of gut morphologyphysiology on seed gut passage time, seed mortality and germination in animal species representing different digestive models was measured, as well as the role of black-backed jackal in thicket plant seed dispersal. Black-backed jackal were found to disperse the seeds of few thicket plant species and are therefore not considered important thicket seed dispersers under the climatic conditions prevailing during the study. The average gut passage time of seeds was found to differ significantly between birds and mammals, but not between elephants (hindgut fermentor), goats (ruminant) and pigs (omnivore, foregut fermentor) as was expected considering the differences in their digestive morphology. A significantly shorter gut passage of large seeds compared with small seeds was observed in goats, due to the regurgitation of larger seeds. Seed regurgitation in ruminants may prove to be an important factor contributing to their quality as seed dispersers in transformed thicket. The mortality of seeds was significantly higher in goats than in elephants, probably due to the efficient digestion associated with ruminants. The effect of gut passage on seed germination was not consistent and varied between animal species and across different thicket plant species. It was concluded that seed dispersers that occur in transformed and untransformed thicket differ in their seed dispersal efficiency due, in part, to differences in the nature of their digestive tracts. This has important implications for the process of seed dispersal in thicket, and the rehabilitation of degraded thicket vegetation.
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Holmes, Rachel Jayne. "The predation and dispersal of weed seeds by birds." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397825.

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Hewitt, Nina. "Plant dispersal and colonization in fragmented forest systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ43425.pdf.

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Jones, Mary Beatrix. "Likelihood inference for parametric models of dispersal /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8934.

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Chung, Pik-shan. "Post-dispersal seed predation by rats in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3617564X.

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Wotton, Debra Mary. "Consequences of dispersal failure: kereru and large seeds in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2509.

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The decline of kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) may limit dispersal of large-seeded plants in New Zealand, but the consequences of this are unknown. I determined kereru disperser effectiveness by modelling seed dispersal distances (using seed retention times and movement patterns). Mean seed retention time was significantly longer for larger-seeded species, ranging from 37-181 minutes. Wild radiotracked kereru were sedentary, remaining at one location for up to 5.25 hours. The mean flight distance was 77 m and the maximum was 1, 457 m. Estimated mean seed dispersal distances for tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa), puriri (Vitex lucens), and fivefinger (Pseudopanax arboreus) were 95, 98, and 61 m respectively. Kereru dispersed 66-87% of ingested seeds away from the parent tree, with 79-88% of seeds dispersed <100 m and < 1% dispersed over 1,000 m. In a field seed-fate experiment, "pre-human" conditions (cleaned seeds, low density, away from parent, and protected from mammals) increased survival compared to "post-human" conditions (whole fruits, high density, under parent, not protected) for both taraire (Beilschmiedia tarairi; 15% vs. 2% survival to one year respectively) and karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus; 60% vs. 11% to two years, respectively). Fruit diameter varied considerably within karaka, taraire, and tawa, although theoretically not enough for them to be swallowed by other birds. Nevertheless, other birds are reported to occasionally take fruits of nearly all large-seeded species. Small tawa seeds produced smaller seedlings in the glasshouse; therefore selection of only smaller seeds by alternative dispersers may negatively affect tawa recruitment. Kereru are generally not gape-limited, and fruit size preferences were independent of mean fruit size. Kereru provide effective dispersal by moving most seeds away from the parent, and enhancing seed and seedling survival. Therefore, both dispersal failure and introduced mammals negatively affect the regeneration of large-seeded trees in New Zealand.
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Grasty, Monica R. "Let the Seeds Fall Where They May: Investigating the Effect of Landscape Features on Fine-Scale Seed Dispersal." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4001.

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Seed dispersal is a crucial ecological and evolutionary process that allows plants to colonize sites and expand their ranges, while also reducing inbreeding depression and facilitating the spread of adaptive genetic variation. However, our fundamental understanding of seed dispersal is limited due to the difficulty of directly observing dispersal events. In recent years, genetic marker methods have furthered our understanding of colonization and range expansion due to seed dispersal. Most investigations focus on regional scales of dispersal, due to low levels of variation in the chloroplast genome (cpDNA), which can serve as an indirect measure of seed dispersal. Here, I employ a whole-genome assay of cpDNA variation in Plagiobothrys nothofulvus to resolve variation due to patterns of seed dispersal within a 400x400 meter section of the Whetstone Savanna Preserve in Central Point, OR, USA. Whetstone is characterized by a mosaic of habitat types, including vernal pools, hummocks of dry prairie, and large Ceanothus cuneatus bushes, as well as a network of vole runways. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus grows in dense patches on hummocks within this prairie. I found evidence of limited seed dispersal in P. nothofulvus, indicated by strong genetic structure over distances of less than 100 meters. There was little evidence that geographic distance predicts genetic distance; environmental features have a stronger influence on dispersal. Habitat preference was the strongest predictor of genetic variation in P. nothofulvus, indicating that it may be a habitat specialist in this prairie. Flower density also accounted for a significant portion of dispersal, which may be a consequence of the annual life history of P. nothofulvus resulting in seasonal turnover and lack of competition with adult plants. Least-cost-path analysis indicated that seeds are secondarily dispersed by small mammals along vole runways. Overall, I found significant evidence that landscape features influence dispersal, even at a very fine spatial scale.
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Loayza, Andrea Patricia. "Closing the seed dispersal loop for Guettarda viburnoides (Rub.) connecting patterns of avian seed dispersal with population growth in a neotropical savanna /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r3701.

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Silva, Vanessa Mariano da. "O papel da limitação de sementes e da limitação no estabelecimento no recrutamento de plantas do cerrado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8368.

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Plant recruitment can be constrained by seed and establishment limitation and these processes can affect community species composition and diversity. In Neotropical savannas the relative importance of these processes for plant regeneration are unclear because of the scarcity of studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of seed and establishment limitation to plant recruitment on cerrado savanna in Itirapina, southeast Brazil (22°12´S, 47°52´W). We spread 49 seed traps in a 0.64-ha plot and monitored seed rain monthly for a year, and also conducted seed addition experiments. Seed production presented a peak in rainy season, with zoochoric and anemochoric species producing seeds mainly in rainy and dry season respectively. Our study indicates a strong influence of seed limitation on recruitment, with most seed rain species presenting seed limitation values higher than 65%. Only 23% of woody species in the plot had at least one seed trapped. Seed and source limitation was negative related to adult abundance, indicating that the increase of seed sources enhances the number of suitable sites reached by seeds. There was no relation between seed, source and dispersal limitation and plant life form, dispersal syndrome and seed mass. Seed addition was unable to increase seedling regeneration in the four species tested, which presented high values of establishment limitation. Our study shows that Neotropical savanna plants recruitment is restricted by seed and establishment limitation and highlights the role of seed production and dispersal to colonization of new sites.
O recrutamento de plantas pode ser restringido pelas limitações de sementes e no estabelecimento, os quais afetam a composição e diversidade de uma comunidade. Em savanas neotropicais a importância relativa desses processos ainda não é clara em decorrência da falta de estudos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a importância das limitações de sementes e no estabelecimento para o recrutamento de uma comunidade de cerrado no sudeste do Brasil. Foram posicionados 49 coletores de sementes em uma parcela de 0,64 ha e a chuva de sementes foi monitorada mensalmente durante um ano. Além disso, foram realizados experimentos de adição de sementes. A produção de sementes apresentou um pico durante a estação chuvosa, sendo que as espécies zoocóricas produziram principalmente durante a estação chuvosa e as anomocóricas, durante a estação seca. Houve uma influência significativa da limitação de sementes no recrutamento, sendo que a maioria das espécies presentes na chuva de sementes apresentou valores dessa limitação maiores que 65%. Apenas 23% das espécies arbustivo-arbóreas presentes na parcela tiveram, pelo menos, uma semente coletada. As limitações de sementes e na fonte apresentaram uma relação negativa com o número de adultos, indicando que o aumento de fontes de sementes eleva o número de locais atingidos por sementes. Não houve relação entre limitações de sementes, na fonte e na dispersão com forma de vida, síndrome de dispersão e peso da semente. A adição de sementes não aumentou a regeneração de plântulas das quatro espécies testadas, as quais apresentaram valores elevados de limitação no estabelecimento. O presente estudo indica que o recrutamento de plantas de savanas neotropicais é restringido pelas limitações de sementes e no estabelecimento e ressalta a importância da produção e dispersão de sementes para a colonização de novos locais.
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Books on the topic "Seeds – Dispersal"

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Pascoe, Elaine. Seeds travel. Milwaukee, WI: G. Stevens, 2002.

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Lars, Østergaard, ed. Fruit development and seed dispersal. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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Stanislav, Gorb, ed. Seed dispersal by ants in a deciduous forest ecosystem: Mechanisms, strategies, adaptations. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Freilandökologische Untersuchungen und Gewächshausexperimente zur Effizienz hygroskopisch beweglicher Diasporen von Spermatophyten. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart, 1995.

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David, Snow, ed. Birds and berries: A study of an ecological interaction. Calton: Poyser, 1988.

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Snow, Barbara K. Birds and berries: A study of an ecological interaction. Calton [Scotland]: T & A D Poyser, 1988.

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Moncure, Jane Belk. How seeds travel: Popguns and parachutes. Chicago, Ill: Distributed by Childrens Press, 1990.

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Roemer, Heidi. What kinds of seeds are these? Minnetonka, Minn: NorthWord Books, 2006.

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Alm, Torbjørn. Exotic drift-seeds in Norway. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press, 2004.

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Sharma, Sudhirendar. Winged seeds: Three decades of strategic planting & dispersal. New Delhi: Action for Food Production, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seeds – Dispersal"

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Pandian, T. J. "Spores—Seeds—Dispersal." In Evolution and Speciation in Plants, 209–22. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003258155-18.

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Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa. "Fruit, Seeds, Dispersal, and Germination." In Flora Neotropica, 45–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65875-5_5.

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Heleno, Ruben H. "The effect of non-native plant invasions on the dispersal of native seeds." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 256–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0256.

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Abstract Non-native plants change the communities they integrate in multiple ways, including direct and indirect effects on co-occurring native vegetation. While direct effects are more obvious, indirect effects, i.e. those mediated by biotic interactions with other trophic levels, can also have pervasive consequences for long-term community persistence. Seed dispersal is a critical stage during the life cycle of most plants, as it lays the foundations for plant recruitment patterns and long-term vegetation dynamics. By interacting with seed-dispersing animals, primarily frugivorous birds and mammals, plants can positively or negatively affect the dispersal of co-occurring native seeds. In an increasingly invaded world, it is thus critically important to identify general trends on the direction and magnitude of these effects. This chapter reviews the empirical evidence supporting such changes and the potential underlying mechanisms driving them. While the direct impacts of plant invasions are relatively easy to document, indirect effects are much harder to detect. Nevertheless, the most important consequence of the incorporation of new fruiting plants into native communities seems to be a direct competition for the services provided by the local dispersers, negatively affecting native seed dispersal rates. However, another key message emerging from the literature is that responses are highly idiosyncratic, and usually habitat- and species-specific, and therefore resistant to broad generalizations. Fruiting phenology, and in particular the synchrony/asynchrony between the availability of native and non-native fruits, seems to be a particularly important driver of the direction of the responses (i.e. towards facilitation or competition). However, most evidence is still derived from anecdotal observations and formal community level assessments are largely missing. Similarly, how invasive plants change the emergent structure of seed dispersal networks remains uncertain, with early evidence suggesting that novel seed dispersal networks might be structurally very similar to native ones. Bringing together classic experimental designs and new technical and analytical tools to provide broad synthesis will be vital in the near future to clarify the direction, magnitude and generality of these effects.
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Ingrouille, Martin. "Sex and dispersal: gametes, spores, seeds and fruits." In Diversity and Evolution of Land Plants, 88–132. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2300-6_4.

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da Silva, Fernanda Ribeiro, and Marco Aurélio Pizo. "Restoration of seed dispersal interactions in communities invaded by non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 391–401. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0391.

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Abstract Restoration aims to rebuild not only species but also the tangled interactions between species that ensure communities perpetuate by themselves. In tropical forests, restoration of seed dispersal interactions is essential because most plant species depend on animals to spread their seeds. A big challenge in restoring such forests is dealing with invasion by non-native species. Non-native plant species may outcompete and eliminate native species from the community, potentially disrupting or arresting the restoration process. Once established, invasive non-native plants are usually incorporated into the local seed dispersal network, potentially causing loss of biodiversity by competition with native species. This chapter reports on a case study of a 25-year old restored forest invaded by several bird-dispersed plant species. We assessed network metrics at the species level to specifically evaluate the role performed by invasive non-native species in the structure of the bird - seed dispersal network. The removal of invasive non-native plants and the re-establishment of native plant communities should be considered for the restoration of habitats invaded by non-native plants. For this reason, we discuss the impacts of removing such non-native plants and explore the consequences for the structure of the overall network. Because restoration areas are open systems, even after the removal of invasive non-native plant species they can return via seed dispersal. So, both the control and management of invasive non-native species would be more effective if planned with a landscape perspective. We also point out relevant management aspects to avoid the negative influence of invasive non-native plants on the seed dispersal interactions occurring between native plant and bird species in restored tropical forests.
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Moll, Eugene J., and Bruce McKenzie. "Modes of dispersal of seeds in the Cape fynbos." In Tasks for vegetation science, 151–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0908-6_14.

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Byrne, M. M., and D. J. Levey. "Removal of seeds from frugivore defecations by ants in a Costa Rican rain forest." In Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecological and evolutionary aspects, 363–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1749-4_25.

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Terborgh, J., E. Losos, M. P. Riley, and M. Bolaños Riley. "Predation by vertebrates and invertebrates on the seeds of five canopy tree species of an Amazonian forest." In Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecological and evolutionary aspects, 375–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1749-4_26.

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VaÁZquez-Yanes, C., and A. Orozco-Segovia. "Dispersal of seeds by animals: effect on light controlled dormancy in Cecropia obtusifolia." In Tasks for vegetation science, 71–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4812-9_7.

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Fenner, Michael. "Dispersal." In Seed Ecology, 38–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4844-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seeds – Dispersal"

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Melnikov, D. G., I. V. Ignatenko, and O. S. Babenko. "SYSTEM OF INDICATORS OF SEED DISTRIBUTION BY SEEDS BY THE GRAIN SEED PIPELINE." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.319-326.

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Currently, agricultural science is showing interest in the technologies of spread sowing, which compares favorably with the existing ordinary sowing by increasing the supply of seeds with nutritional areas and the use of field area, which are important factors in increasing the yield of grain crops. Its implementation requires studying the processes of seed dispersal and the development of appropriate technical means. They can be active and passive. Of these, the most simple means using the natural processes of turbulization of the process of movement of seeds in the seed tubes of seeders.
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Ji, Huihua, Shoubing Wang, Huacai Chen, Zhouhong Zhu, and Min Zhu. "A new apparatus for continuous measuring the falling velocity of the wind-dispersal seeds." In International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology (OIT2011). SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.904261.

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Chemnick, Jeff. "Seed Dispersal Agents of Two Mexican Cycads." In CYCAD 2005. The New York Botanical Garden Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21135/893274900.008.

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Simpson, Andrew. "SEED DISPERSAL FOLLOWING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM PART II: ANIMAL-DISPERSED TREES MORE LABILE BEFORE AND AFTER THE YOUNGER DRYAS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-356683.

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VAN DIJK, ALINA, WESLEY RODRIGUES SILVA, and VERIDIANA ANGELUZZI JARDIM,. "Germination of seeds dispersed by frugivorous birds in different environmental conditions." In XXIV Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP - 2016. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2016-52150.

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Warren, Robert J. "Climate change and ant-mediated seed dispersal in temperate North America." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91852.

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Simpson, Andrew G. "DOES SEED DISPERSAL AFFECT RATE OF SPREAD DURING PLEISTOCENE CLIMATE CHANGE?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320234.

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Ogle, Jonathan, John Naglak, Isaac Blue-Eyes, Collin Miller, Aleph Baumbach, Peter Prentis, York R. Smith, and Ryan N. Smith. "Design and development of a sampling platform to study long distance seed dispersal." In OCEANS 2014 - TAIPEI. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans-taipei.2014.6964467.

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Subrata, Sena Adi, and Atus Syahbudin. "Common Palm Civet as a potential seed disperser of important plant species in Java." In TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT: FROM BASIC TO APPLIED RESEARCH: Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953527.

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Simpson, Andrew G. "ANIMAL SEED DISPERSAL INCREASES TREE MOVEMENT RATES DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE, BUT YOUNGER DRAYS TOO BRIEF TO CAUSE RANGE COLLAPSE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334722.

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Reports on the topic "Seeds – Dispersal"

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Grasty, Monica. Let the Seeds Fall Where They May: Investigating the Effect of Landscape Features on Fine-Scale Seed Dispersal. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5885.

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Youngblood, Andrew, and Timothy A. Max. Dispersal of white spruce seed on Willow Island in interior Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-443.

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Granot, David, Richard Amasino, and Avner Silber. Mutual effects of hexose phosphorylation enzymes and phosphorous on plant development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587223.bard.

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Research objectives 1) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in tomato and Arabidopsis plants 2) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in pho1 and pho2 Arabidopsis mutants 3) Clone and analyze the PHO2 gene 4) Select Arabidopsis mutants resistant to high and low P 5) Analyze the Arabidopsis mutants and clone the corresponding genes 6) Survey wild tomato species for growth characteristics at various P levels Background to the topic Hexose phosphorylating enzymes, the first enzymes of sugar metabolism, regulate key processes in plants such as photosynthesis, growth, senescence and vascular transport. We have previously discovered that hexose phosphorylating enzymes might regulate these processes as a function of phosphorous (P) concentration, and might accelerate acquisition of P, one of the most limiting nutrients in the soil. These discoveries have opened new avenues to gain fundamental knowledge about the relationship between P, sugar phosphorylation and plant development. Since both hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P levels affect plant development, their interaction is of major importance for agriculture. Due to the acceleration of senescence caused by the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P concentration, traits affecting P uptake may have been lost in the course of cultivation in which fertilization with relatively high P (30 mg/L) are commonly used. We therefore intended to survey wild tomato species for high P-acquisition at low P soil levels. Genetic resources with high P-acquisition will serve not only to generate a segregating population to map the trait and clone the gene, but will also provide a means to follow the trait in classical breeding programs. This approach could potentially be applicable for other crops as well. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Our results confirm the mutual effect of hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P level on plant development. Two major aspects of this mutual effect arose. One is related to P toxicity in which HXK seems to play a major role, and the second is related to the effect of HXK on P concentration in the plant. Using tomato plants we demonstrated that high HXK activity increased leaf P concentration, and induced P toxicity when leaf P concentration increases above a certain high level. These results further support our prediction that the desired trait of high-P acquisition might have been lost in the course of cultivation and might exist in wild species. Indeed, in a survey of wild species we identified tomato species that acquired P and performed better at low P (in the irrigation water) compared to the cultivated Lycopersicon esculentum species. The connection between hexose phosphorylation and P toxicity has also been shown with the P sensitive species VerticordiaplumosaL . in which P toxicity is manifested by accelerated senescence (Silber et al., 2003). In a previous work we uncovered the phenomenon of sugar induced cell death (SICD) in yeast cells. Subsequently we showed that SICD is dependent on the rate of hexose phosphorylation as determined by Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase. In this study we have shown that hexokinase dependent SICD has many characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) (Granot et al., 2003). High hexokinase activity accelerates senescence (a PCD process) of tomato plants, which is further enhanced by high P. Hence, hexokinase mediated PCD might be a general phenomena. Botrytis cinerea is a non-specific, necrotrophic pathogen that attacks many plant species, including tomato. Senescing leaves are particularly susceptible to B. cinerea infection and delaying leaf senescence might reduce this susceptibility. It has been suggested that B. cinerea’s mode of action may be based on induction of precocious senescence. Using tomato plants developed in the course of the preceding BARD grant (IS 2894-97) and characterized throughout this research (Swartzberg et al., 2006), we have shown that B. cinerea indeed induces senescence and is inhibited by autoregulated production of cytokinin (Swartzberg et al., submitted). To further determine how hexokinase mediates sugar effects we have analyzed tomato plants that express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) grown at different P levels in the irrigation water. We found that Arabidopsis hexokinase mediates sugar signalling in tomato plants independently of hexose phosphate (Kandel-Kfir et al., submitted). To study which hexokinase is involved in sugar sensing we searched and identified two additional HXK genes in tomato plants (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006). Tomato plants have two different hexose phosphorylating enzymes; hexokinases (HXKs) that can phosphorylate either glucose or fructose, and fructokinases (FRKs) that specifically phosphorylate fructose. To complete the search for genes encoding hexose phosphorylating enzymes we identified a forth fructokinase gene (FRK) (German et al., 2004). The intracellular localization of the four tomato HXK and four FRK enzymes has been determined using GFP fusion analysis in tobacco protoplasts (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006; Hilla-Weissler et al., 2006). One of the HXK isozymes and one of the FRK isozymes are located within plastids. The other three HXK isozymes are associated with the mitochondria while the other three FRK isozymes are dispersed in the cytosol. We concluded that HXK and FRK are spatially separated in plant cytoplasm and accordingly might play different metabolic and perhaps signalling roles. We have started to analyze the role of the various HXK and FRK genes in plant development. So far we found that LeFRK2 is required for xylem development (German et al., 2003). Irrigation with different P levels had no effect on the phenotype of LeFRK2 antisense plants. In the course of this research we developed a rapid method for the analysis of zygosity in transgenic plants (German et al., 2003).
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