Journal articles: 'Seeds of Peace Programme'

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Maiangwa, Benjamin, and Daniel E. Agbiboa. "Oil Multinational Corporations, Environmental Irresponsibility and Turbulent Peace in the Niger Delta." Africa Spectrum 48, no. 2 (August 2013): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971304800204.

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For many oil-bearing communities in petro-states around the world, the net effects of oil exploration have not only been devastating, but have also highlighted the double standards that are often applied by oil multinational corporations (MNCs). These organisations are far more likely to demand environmental and social mitigation efforts in the developed world than they are in a developing country. This paper seeks to demonstrate how the continued irresponsible activities of oil MNCs – specifically Shell – have fuelled restive conditions of ethnic militancy, brazen human rights abuses, environmental degradation and unsustainable peace in the Niger Delta. The paper particularly assesses the impact of the 2009 amnesty programme that was initiated to halt the downward spiral into violence in the Niger Delta and resolve the region's socio-economic challenges. The conclusion of this paper canvasses for greater social-ecological justice as a way forwards in addressing the Niger Delta conflict.

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Kienscherf, Markus. "A programme of global pacification: US counterinsurgency doctrine and the biopolitics of human (in)security." Security Dialogue 42, no. 6 (December 2011): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010611423268.

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This article argues that US counterinsurgency doctrine forms a programme of both liberal rule and liberal war whose ultimate purpose is the pacification of recalcitrant populations and their eventual (re)integration into the networks of liberal governance. Designed to promote ‘safe’ forms of life while eradicating ‘dangerous’ ones, the doctrine constitutes a response to both the biopolitical problematization of human (in)security and the geostrategic problematization of US national security. Counterinsurgency aims to harness sociocultural knowledge in order to conduct a form of triage between elements of targeted populations. It also seeks to inscribe the divisions on which such a triage is based into space by means of practices that derive from earlier methods of imperial policing. Ultimately, counterinsurgency’s production and implementation of a biopolitical differentiation between ‘safe’ and ‘dangerous’ human lives is likely not only to reinforce existing societal divisions within targeted populations but also to create new global, regional and local divisions and to generate resistance to what many people will always view as imperial domination. The societal divisions and resistance engendered by counterinsurgency may reinforce Western problematizations of insecurity and hence lead to further counterinsurgency campaigns in the future. Counterinsurgency doctrine is thus not so much a programme of peace and stability as one of spatially and temporally indeterminate pacification.

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JOHNSON, PAIGE. "Safeguarding the atom: the nuclear enthusiasm of Muriel Howorth." British Journal for the History of Science 45, no. 4 (December 2012): 551–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087412001057.

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AbstractThere was more than one response to the nuclear age. Countering well-documented attitudes of protest and pessimism, Muriel Howorth (1886–1971) models a less examined strain of atomic enthusiasm in British nuclear culture. Believing that the same power within the atomic bomb could be harnessed to make the world a ‘smiling garden of Eden’, she utilized traditionally feminine domains of kitchen and garden in her efforts to educate the public about the potential of the atom and to ‘safeguard’ it on their behalf. Boldly entering an overtly masculine arena in which, as a woman and a layperson, she was doubly an ‘other’, Howorth used a variety of publications, organizations and staged events to interpret atomic science and specifically to address women. Her efforts, dating roughly from 1948 to 1962, preceded but had broad overlaps with official Atoms for Peace programmes, and culminated in the formation of the Atomic Gardening Society in 1960 to promote the cultivation of gamma-irradiated seeds by British gardeners.

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Akhund-Lange, Nadine. "VETERANS AND PHILANTHROPY AFTER THE GREAT WAR: ROLE AND REPRESENTATIONS FROM THE CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE." VETERANSKE ORGANIZACIJE – ALI JIH SPLOH POTREBUJEMO?/ VETERAN ORGANISATIONS – ARE THEY EVEN NEEDED?, VOLUME 2017/ ISSUE 19/2 (June 15, 2017): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.19.2.4.

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Povzetek V letih 1918 in 1919 se je Fundacija Carnegie za mednarodni mir (CEIP) znašla v vodstvu akterjev, ki so izšli iz vojne in stopili na novo politično prizorišče. Kot nevladna organizacija se je na podlagi mednarodnega prava zavzemala za boljše razumevanje mednarodnih vprašanj. Namen tega prispevka, ki se opira na arhivsko gradivo Fundacije CEIP, je predstaviti, kako je vélika vojna vplivala na pogled te fundacije na vojaka, ko se je ta vrnil v civilno življenje. V dokumentih se zastavlja cela vrsta vprašanj, med drugimi Kako je vojak opisan kot žrtev vojne? Kako bosta družba in vlada obravnavali vprašanje »invalidov«? Po vojni je fundacija začela uresničevati velikopotezen program, namenjen tako kratkoročnim kot dolgoročnim vprašanjem, ki so nastala zaradi vojne. V letih 1919 in 1920 je vodila dva velika projekta: v Beogradu je prevzela gradnjo velike knjižnice, ki naj bi stala v novem univerzitetnem naselju, v Rusiji pa je uvedla obsežen projekt pomoči beguncem. Vodenje obeh projektov je predala dvema veteranoma, častnikoma oboroženih sil ZDA. Članek je empirična študija, ki opisuje, kako sta ta nekdanja borca vodila projekta, ki sta bila v bistvu zasnovana kot programa za spodbujanje mednarodne sprave. Poleg tega poudarja tudi neposredni vlogi dveh ključnih voditeljev Fundacije CEIP, Nicholasa Butlerja, predsednika Univerze Columbia, in Elihuja Roota, prvega predsednika fundacije. Ključne besede: Fundacija CEIP, mednarodne zadeve, prva svetovna vojna, veterani, ponovna vključitev. Abstract In 1918-1919, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) positioned itself at the vanguard of the actors emerging from the war in the new political landscape . As a non-governmental organization the CEIP promoted a better understanding of international issues through international law. Drawing from the Carnegie archives, this paper seeks to present how the Great War shaped the CEIP’s perception of the soldier once he was back in civilian life. The documents raise an array of questions: How was the soldier described as a victim of the war? How would society and the government deal with the issues of the “invalids”? Following the war, the Endowmentlaunched an ambitious programme addressing both immediate and long-term issues born out of the war. In 1919-1920, the CEIP ran two major operations: in Belgrade, the CEIP undertook the building of a large library to be located in the new university campus, and in Russia, it set up a large relief operation to help refugees. In both cases, the CEIP handed the operations to two veteran US military officers. Thispaper, an empirical study, describes how these two ex-combatants ran what was primarily a programme promoting international conciliation. It also emphasizes the direct role of two key Carnegie leaders, Nicholas Butler, the president of Columbia University, and Elihu Root, the first CEIP president. Key words: Carnegie Endowment, International Affairs, World War I, Veterans, Reintegration

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Miller, Adam. "Israeli charity sows “seeds of peace”." Canadian Medical Association Journal 187, no. 1 (November 24, 2014): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4900.

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Lee-Koo, Katrina. "Gender at the Crossroad of Conflict: Tsunami and Peace in Post-2005 Aceh." Feminist Review 101, no. 1 (July 2012): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.2011.54.

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After the devastating tsunami hit the northern Sumatran coastline in December 2004, the Indonesian province of Aceh found itself at a crossroad. This crossroad intersected the three-decade-long civil war, the move towards peace and the need for post-disaster recovery. This article analyses the gendered politics embedded in Aceh's navigation through this crossroad. First, it argues that both the conflict and the subsequent peace process were marginalised by the international programmes of post-tsunami recovery. Second, it demonstrates that within this marginalisation, women's investments in both war and peace were further neglected throughout the formal peace process. Third, it highlights how the peace process reflected a narrow, masculinist and public sphere agenda that silenced both women and the gendered issues affecting them. In short, this article seeks to unveil the gendered politics of war and peace in post-tsunami Aceh. It does so with the feminist ambition of demonstrating that sustainable and comprehensive peace in Aceh cannot be secured without recognising and accounting for the impact that the conflict has upon gendered identities.

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Ogunyemi, Segilola Yewande, Ademola Lateef Adisa, and Ademolu Oluwaseun Adenuga. "Justice Development and Peace Commission (JDPC) on women empowerment." Journal of Gender and Power 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jgp-2020-0005.

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AbstractThe need to empower women seems to center on the fact that women have potentials to contribute to the development process but are constrained by some factors that render them powerless. For this reason, this study examined the impact of justice development and peace commission on women empowerment by assessing the empowerment initiatives, women participation and identifying factors that militate against full empowerment and participation of women. The theoretical background for this study is structural functionalism and the study is descriptive in nature. The study was conducted in JDPC, Ijebu-Ode and data was collected from primary and secondary sources. For primary data, IDI was conducted for 12 beneficiaries of the empowerment programmes and 6 employees of JDPC while secondary data were collected through extensive review of literature. The data collected were content analyzed. The findings revealed that not until recent empowerment programmes organized for women, women do not have the zeal for the programmes which has limited their consciousness and strength in the society. Also, awkward spending of women contributed to their failure from receiving further loans from JDPC. Equally, low level of education, tradition and belief that men are better than women affected the slow rate of empowerment of women.

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Chandra, Sharmila. "Ecotourism In and Around Santiniketan: Challenges and Potentialities." Gitanjali & Beyond 2, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 79–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/gnb.2.1.79-111.

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Santiniketan, Tagore’s ‘Abode of Peace’ is located in the western part of the state of West Bengal in India. The place is the site of Visva Bharati, a world renowned residential university as well as a Brahmacharya Asram (hermitage where a vow has been taken by the residents) established by Rabindranath Tagore himself. Santiniketan, in the Birbhum District of West Bengal and its environs provide ample scope for the development of ecotourism. It is a place where ecotourism and rural tourism go hand in hand. The place has an idyllic setting. Around Santiniketan, there exist a number of tribal villages inhabited by the Santhal tribe. Ecotourism combines nature tourism, wilderness tourism and agri-tourism. This form of niche tourism is essentially rural in character. It is a type of Special Interest Tourism that has emerged recently and has evoked concern among social scientists. Of late, ecotourism has become popular in the tribal villages around Santiniketan. A unique natural landscape here is formed by the khoai, a vast, desolate area with lateritic soil and gulley erosion. Resorts have been built in the khoai by private entrepreneurs where tourists flock round the year. Ballavpurdanga, along with some other typical Santhal villages – Boner Pukur Danga, Mouldanga and Phuldanga, bordering the Sonajhuri forest in the khoai, have been brought within the Rural Tourism Scheme under the Endogenous Tourism Project (ETP) introduced by the Government of India in the early years of the 21st century. Tagore was a wayfarer. Although in his times, the concept of ecotourism had not emerged, the Poet was one with nature and one can say that he would have definitely advocated the practice. This paper studies the scope and sustainability of ecotourism in Santiniketan and seeks to find out the benefits it can provide to the host community and to visitors. The paper also attempts to investigate how ecotourism, as a practice, can serve actively in a rural reconstruction programme as envisaged by Tagore.

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van Woerkom, Marieke. "Seeds of peace: Toward a common narrative." New Directions for Youth Development 2004, no. 102 (2004): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.80.

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Bindenagel, JD. "Israeli withdrawal: Sowing seeds of peace in Gaza." South African Journal of International Affairs 12, no. 2 (December 2005): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460509556770.

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Mayor, Federico, and David Adams. "The culture of peace: A programme of action." Prospects 30, no. 1 (March 2000): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02754043.

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Engstrom, Craig. "Promoting peace, yet sustaining conflict? A fantasy‐theme analysis of Seeds of Peace publications." Journal of Peace Education 6, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400200802658332.

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Gore‐Booth, David. "The Middle East: Seeds of conflict, prospects for Peace?" RUSI Journal 137, no. 5 (October 1992): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849208445639.

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Tarikhi, Parviz. "Iran's space programme: Riding high for peace and pride." Space Policy 25, no. 3 (August 2009): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2009.05.010.

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DIJKZEUL, DENNIS. "The United Nations Development Programme: The Development of Peace?" Journal of International Peacekeeping 5, no. 4 (1998): 92–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541198x00196.

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Dijkzeul, Dennis. "The united nations development programme: The development of peace?" International Peacekeeping 5, no. 4 (December 1998): 92–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533319808413747.

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Brenes, Abelardo. "Activities report: the Master of Arts programme in peace education of the University for Peace." Journal of Peace Education 3, no. 1 (March 2006): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400200500532383.

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Keels, Eric, and T. David Mason. "Seeds of peace? Land reform and civil war recurrence following negotiated settlements." Cooperation and Conflict 54, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836717750201.

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Land reform has been depicted by some as an effective element of counterinsurgency strategy in nations experiencing peasant-based civil conflict. While some studies have argued that land reform reduces civilian support for insurgency, other research has demonstrated that these reforms are often undermined by brutal state repression. The study of land reform has also been driven largely by qualitative case study research, which has limited what we know about the cross-national efficacy of these reforms. This study contributes to the current literature by looking at the efficacy of land reform as part of the post-civil war peace process. Specifically, we examine whether land reform provisions included in comprehensive peace agreements reduce the risk of renewed civil war. Measuring the risk of civil war recurrence in all comprehensive peace agreements from 1989–2012, we find that the inclusion of land reform provisions in the post-war peace process substantially reduces the risk of renewed fighting.

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Lynch, Catherine. "The PEACE II Programme in Northern Ireland and the Border Counties: A 'Distinctive' Development Programme?" Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 2, no. 2 (January 2005): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2005.703778278935.

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Brück, Tilman, and Neil T. N. Ferguson. "Money can’t buy love but can it buy peace? Evidence from the EU Programme for Peace and Reconciliation (PEACE II)." Conflict Management and Peace Science 37, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 536–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894218766865.

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Efforts to evaluate third-party peacebuilding interventions are welcome but many studies rely on experimental approaches that might be at odds with the theories that underpin the discipline. Rigorously evaluating interventions ill-suited to experimental analyses is just as important, however, especially when programmes adopt novel approaches. In this article, we employ an instrumental variables approach to evaluate one such intervention – the EU Programme for Peace and Reconciliation (PEACE II). Following contemporary peacebuilding theories, PEACE II disseminated funds to grassroots organizations via unique intermediate funding bodies and an innovative open competition. Splitting Northern Ireland into 582 wards, we merge panel data on individuals’ perceptions of neighbourhood quality with PEACE II’s accounts. One-stage analyses show that individuals in treatment regions report significantly elevated perceptions. Two-stage approaches, accounting for biases arising from the rollout method, show no significant relationship. Post-estimation analyses imply that funding did not reach areas with the poorest observable indicators. We thus remain agnostic on the effectiveness of the funded projects but conclude that, despite solid theoretical foundations, weaknesses in the application of these theories hampered potential positive impacts. Future interventions can learn from this and should ensure stronger ties between the theoretical base and how these theories are applied to funding disbursement. JEL Codes: O18; F35

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GEIS, ANNA, and WOLFGANG WAGNER. "How far is it from Königsberg to Kandahar? Democratic peace and democratic violence in International Relations." Review of International Studies 37, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 1555–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000999.

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AbstractOver the last two decades, there has been a ‘democratic turn’ in peace and conflict research, that is, the peculiar impact of democratic politics on a wide range of security issues has attracted more and more attention. Many of these studies are inspired by Immanuel Kant's famous essay on ‘Perpetual Peace’. In this article, we present a critical discussion of the ‘democratic distinctiveness programme’ that emerged from the Democratic Peace debate and soon spread to cover a wider range of foreign policy issues. The bulk of this research has to date been based on an overly optimistic reading of a ‘Kantian peace’. In particular, the manifold forms of violence that democracies have exerted, have been treated either as a challenge to the Democratic Peace proposition or as an undemocratic contaminant and pre-democratic relict. In contrast, we argue that forms of ‘democratic violence’ should no longer be kept at arm's length from the democratic distinctiveness programme but instead should be elevated to a main field of study. While we acknowledge the benefits of this expanding research programme, we also address a number of normative pitfalls implied in this scholarship such as lending legitimacy to highly questionable foreign policy practices by Western democracies. We conclude with suggestions for a more self-reflexive and ‘critical’ research agenda of a ‘democratically turned’ peace and conflict studies, inspired by the Frankfurt school tradition.

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SELAN, ALJOŠA. "SLOVENIA'S CONTRIBUTION TO AFGHANISTAN PEACE AND REINTEGRATION PROGRAMME – POLICY ADVISOR'S PERSPECTIVE." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2014/ ISSUE 16/3 (September 30, 2014): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179//bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.16.3.5.

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This article uses theoretical framework of the changing nature of war, peace-building and counterinsurgency as a foundation for explaining a unique disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme – Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme. It explains basic concepts, structures and processes of the Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme. Additionally, it presents the role of the Slovenian policy advisor in the International Security and Assistance Force Headquarters' Force Reintegration Cell. Main challenges and the dynamics of the unique and complex programme and of the policy advisor’s work are laid out. Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme is an important internationally funded project which has removed thousands of former fighters from the field and has helped to provide support to local communities and reintegrees. The lack of adequate transparency and measurability of the Programme’s achievements has been addressed but not yet resolved. ISAF has been playing a very positive supporting, expert and facilitating role in an effort to help further develop a more effective and efficient programme. In the final analysis the overall success of the programme is significantly correlated to the Afghan authorities’ credibility and the need for improved governance. Članek izhaja iz teoretičnega okvira spreminjajoče se narave vojne, gradnje miru in protiuporniškega delovanja in je uporabljen kot temelj za razlago enotnega programa za razorožitev, demobilizacijo in reintegracijo (DDR) Programa za reintegracijo in spravo v Afganistanu. Razloženi so temeljni koncepti, strukture in procesi tega programa, predstavljena pa je tudi vloga slovenskega političnega svetovalca v Celici za reintegracijo pri poveljstvu Mednarodnih varnostnih sil za pomoč (Isaf). V prispevku so pojasnjeni glavni izzivi in dinamika enotnega in kompleksnega programa ter delovanja političnega svetovalca. Program za reintegracijo in spravo v Afganistanu je pomemben mednarodno financiran projekt, ki je pripomogel k vrnitvi tisočev nekdanjih borcev s terena ter k podpori lokalnim skupnostim in reintegraciji. Članek obravnava pomanjkanje ustrezne preglednosti in merljivosti dosežkov programa, ki še ni odpravljeno. Pri prizadevanjih za nadaljnje oblikovanje učinkovitega in smotrnega programa ima Isaf zelo pozitivno podporno, strokovno in izvršilno vlogo. Končna analiza razkriva, da je uspešnost programa tesno povezana z verodostojnostjo afganistanskih oblasti in potrebo po boljšem upravljanju.

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Stienen, Angela. "(Re)claiming territory: Colombia's “territorial-peace” approach and the city." Geographica Helvetica 75, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-75-285-2020.

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Abstract. This article observes the Latin American debate on “territory” through the lens of the “territorial-peace” approach agreed in the peace accord between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrillas in 2016. It explores the different notions of territory entailed in this concept and shows that the territorial-peace approach builds on a political-programmatic understanding of territory due to its rural focus. An ethnographic analysis of the urban renewal programme PRIMED, implemented at the disputed urban periphery of Colombia's second city, Medellín, in the 1990s, demonstrates how this programme anticipated the idea of territorial peace in a conflictive urban context. The ethnography reveals the ambiguities and inconsistencies of the production of urban territory, both as state space and as the space of subaltern social groups, through territorial peacebuilding. The discussion why PRIMED challenges the political-programmatic understanding of territory in the territorial-peace debate concludes with highlighting why it makes a difference approaching territorial peace as a “political project to be achieved” or as an unpredictable process of territorialisation and why this distinction matters if the territorial-peace approach is to be extended to urban contexts.

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PRIVALOV, ALEXANDER N., IULIIA I. BOGATYREVA, and LYUDMILA D. SITNIKOVA. "FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING A CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAMME “DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE”." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 5, no. 98 (2020): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2020-5-98-15.

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The article addresses topical issues related to the advanced training of the judiciary and the use of digital technologies in the work of justices of the peace. The idea of the need to design, develop and implement a continuing education programme for the judicial system “Digital Technologies in the Activities of Justices of the Peace” in the supplementary education system is raised. The programme is designed to develop the competence of assistants and secretaries of justices of the peace and aims to increase their effectiveness by recording the proceedings of court hearings through the use of the NESTOR software package. The authors consider the main areas involved in digitalization of justice of the piece courts. The determining factor in organizing and conducting a professional development programme for specialists in 2019 was to equip all judicial sections of Tula region with special equipment that technically allows recordinga court session by audio recording. Considering the inexperience of the staff while operating such equipment and maintaining technologies, it was decided to organize and conduct additional training for justices of the peace and staff of the system to work with new software and hardware systems installed...

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PROTT, VOLKER. "TYING UP THE LOOSE ENDS OF NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION: BRITISH, FRENCH, AND AMERICAN EXPERTS IN PEACE PLANNING, 1917–1919." Historical Journal 57, no. 3 (August 14, 2014): 727–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000041.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines Allied peace planning during the latter stages of the First World War by comparing and connecting the British, French, and American expert groups. These academic experts were expected to apply the publicly announced programme of national self-determination to the local realities in Europe without losing sight of their governments’ geopolitical directives. Contacts and exchanges between the three groups, largely neglected in the literature, played a crucial role in shaping the experts’ work. At the same time, persisting national suspicion and the fragile institutional position of the experts prevented open debate on the precise meaning of national self-determination and thereby forestalled the development of a coherent Allied peace programme. This shortcoming would become a serious burden for the negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference and the early interwar period, in that it led to growing frustration and undermined Allied commitment to the Paris peace treaties.

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Pehlivan, Hakan. "War Peace and Art." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p497-497.

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The world is going to a darkness without end. War, nationalism, discrimination and various conflicts tearing people. They are forced to migrate. Chemical weapons are being used. The children are being killed. Environmental disasters are happening. Boundary walls are built. The wars of religion are at the door. Kin hate seeds are being planted and transferred to future generations. Nationalism is on the rise. We are losing our desire to live together. Despite this, peace and tranquility in our surroundings are our greatest desires and we are right. Civil society should do something to stop it. In this sense, artists are the strongest propagandists. To support peace, art practices have become more important than the past. The artist's initiative is used both to rehabilitate society and to eliminate prejudices. Many international plastic art form is exemplified in this study. Complementary arts workshops, public artworks are examples of these. In addition, the results obtained from the workshop of Turkish Greek artists are presented with preliminary results and related examples.

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Cushner, Kenneth. "Planting seeds for peace: Are they growing in the right direction?" International Journal of Intercultural Relations 36, no. 2 (March 2012): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.01.001.

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Bielenberg, Douglas G., and Ksenija Gasic. "Controlled-temperature Treatments with Low-cost, Off-the-shelf Equipment for Bud or Seed Forcing Experiments." HortScience 54, no. 4 (April 2019): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13649-18.

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Inexpensive plug-and-play temperature controllers have recently become available. These allow a chest freezer to be programmed easily to hold a desired set point across a range of biologically relevant temperatures. Installation can be completed in a few minutes using consumer-grade chest freezers. We used these temperature controllers to create five temperature-controlled chambers at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 °C. We demonstrated the use of these controlled-temperature chambers with two biologic assays: floral budbreak of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] stem cuttings and germination of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. We used the budbreak and germination rates at multiple temperatures to estimate base temperatures and thermal time requirements for development.

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Basabose, Jean de Dieu, and Heli Habyarimana. "Peace Education in Rwandan Secondary Schools: Coping With Contradictory Messages." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 14, no. 2 (May 21, 2019): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316619846825.

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This study explores how peace education in Rwandan secondary schools has faced challenges linked with the content of the programme, its implementers, and the environment in which it has to evolve. The research focuses on how students take different sources of information and how they respond to messages contradictory to the curriculum peace content taught at school. The research shows how messages contradictory to the curriculum peace content were moulded in families and/or amongst peers outside the school. The students and teachers demonstrated three possible responses: they accepted the contradictory messages, rejected them, or, in a large number of the cases, articulated an inability to make a clear-cut decision between the curriculum content and the other content contradictory to it. This difficulty to handle these contradictory messages may constitute a risk to the achievement of the expected outcomes of the programme.

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Kalama, John, and Johnson Sinikiem. "ENHANCING AFRICA’S INTERNAL SECURITY THROUGH NONVIOLENT MEASURES: AN ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA’S AMNESTY PROGRAMME." International Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy, Social Development and Enterprise Studies 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarppsdes.v4.i1.05.

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This paper stressed the need to enhance peace and internal security in Africa through non-violent measures and approaches with particular reference to Nigeria’s amnesty programme. The study adopted the basic human needs theory as its theoretical framework and derived its data from secondary sources. Data collected were analysed using the qualitative method. The study revealed that conflict resolution through nonviolent measures such as disarmament, demobilization and re-integration (DDR) programmes have helped to enhance sustainable peace and internal security in most African countries including Nigeria, Burundi, Rwanda etc. Further findings also show that the use of military force as a means of conflict resolution by some African states have helped to escalate and prolong conflicts in different parts of Africa. The need for good governance, rule of law and strict adherence to democratic principles by African leaders and states is also fundamental in the process of building peace, internal security and political stability in Africa.

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Quie, Marissa. "Peace-building and democracy promotion in Afghanistan: the Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme and reconciliation with the Taliban." Democratization 19, no. 3 (June 2012): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.674362.

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Cooke, Philip. "‘Oggi in Italia’: The Voice of Truth and Peace in Cold War Italy." Modern Italy 12, no. 2 (June 2007): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940701362763.

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Based on archival materials in Italy and the Czech Republic, the article examines the history of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) radio programme ‘Oggi in Italia’, which was broadcast from Prague to Italy throughout the 1950s and 1960s. The programme was produced clandestinely by former partisans who had fled to Czechoslovakia in order to escape prosecution during the ‘trial of the Resistance’ (processo alla Resistenza). ‘Oggi in Italia’ was a central element in the PCI's media strategy, particularly during the Cold War, when access to the official airwaves was circumscribed. The programme was thus a key element of the long-term legacy of the Resistance movement, but also played a highly significant role in the wider process of negotiation between the Communist parties of Italy, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union.

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OKOLIE-OSEMENE, James. "SIERRA LEONE: MAPPING THE DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILISATION-REMOBILISATION AND REINTEGRATION OF EX-COMBATANTS. PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE PEACE." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 34 (January 5, 2021): 20–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.34.2.

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Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programmes are necessary in states that experience armed conflict. Several post-conflict societies are usually characterised by the activities of individuals who undermine state-building efforts and prefer to work against joint problem solving aimed at sustaining peace. The study explores the change and continuity in the DDR programme and prospects for sustainable peace in Sierra Leone. With primary and secondary sources, including key informant interview with a former Minister, the paper responds to these questions: To what extent did remobilisation undermine peace agreements? How were the weapons and ex-combatants controlled by the government? What were the lessons and challenges of the DDR programme? How are the stakeholders sustaining post-DDR peace at the community level? The success of the state-building was occasioned by the joint problem-solving approach adopted by the National Committee for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (NCDDR), ECOMOG troops, the UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leon, and other stakeholders at the community level. This paper stresses that the remobilisation of ex-combatants increased the intensity of the war which necessitated more external intervention to create enabling environment for state-building and security sector reforms. Sustaining peace in Sierra Leone demands continuous empowerment of youths and their active involvement in informal peace education. Post-DDR peacebuilding should be more youth-focused and development-oriented to prevent the resurgence of armed conflicts. Keywords:DDR, Ex-combatants, Peace agreement, Remobilisation, State building.

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Shoemake, Ann Torfin, Brett R. Noel, and Claudia L. Hale. "Striving to sow the seeds of peace: Conflict resolution training in Indonesia." Conflict Resolution Quarterly 25, no. 1 (2007): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crq.199.

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de Rover, Cees, and Anne Gallagher. "Human Rights Training for United Nations Peace-Keepers: Lessons from Mozambique." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 13, no. 3 (September 1995): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934419501300302.

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Peace-keeping by the United Nations has become a central tool of international diplomacy and conflict resolution. In contrast to its previous emphasis on providing a passive buffer between antagonists, modern-day United Nations peace-keeping is increasingly directed towards establishing the conditions under which respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms can be maintained or restored. This shift in emphasis is reflected in the tasks which are assigned to peace-keepers. Military and civilian police components of United Nations peace-keeping operations are now called upon to perform a variety of specialized tasks including monitoring of the human rights situation, investigation of allegations of violations and even provision of guidance and training to local authorities. The effective performance of such tasks presupposes a sound knowledge of the relevant international human rights standards as well as the necessary skill to translate these standards into practical behaviour. An understanding of human rights is also essential to guide the personal and professional behaviour of peace-keepers themselves, and to provide a measure against which this behaviour can be evaluated. In June and July, 1994, the United Nations Centre for Human Rights conducted, in Mozambique, the first-ever on-site training programme in human rights for peace-keepers. This article provides an overview of that Programme and evaluates its success relative to its stated objectives. The experience in Mozambique is then used as a starting point from which to examine the place which human rights training could or should have in the preparation of United Nations peace-keepers.

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Taufik, Zulfan. "FROM NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE PEACE: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN RELIGIOUS PEACEBUILDING IN BUKITTINGGI, WEST SUMATRA." AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 25, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v25i2.2132.

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Youth as religious peacebuilding actors still receive less attention in academic studies and peace praxis. It often makes youth being depicted as victims or as perpetrators of violence in religious conflict. This study specifically seeks to explore the efforts of youth involvement and also to strengthen the capacity of the youth in making religious peacebuilding in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. By using the action research method, this research found that Bukittinggi is at negative peace, which is still at the level of mere absence of war and saving the seeds of mutual suspicion between interfaith believers. It is undoubtedly because of a lack of interaction and openness between the interfaith believers. As for the strengthening efforts are undertaken through interfaith youth forum, youth for peace workshop, and the initiation of the interfaith youth organization. That various efforts give hope for the future of religious peace in Bukittinggi from negative peace to positive peace. It is because youth offer creative energy and active potential to transform violent conflict and foster active peace. Keywords: Youth, Religious Peacebuilding, Negative Peace, Positive Peace, Bukittinggi.

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Harvey, Brian. "Selling Peace: Inside the Soviet Conspiracy that Transformed the US Space Programme." Space Policy 27, no. 1 (February 2011): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2010.12.002.

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Inton-Campbell, Joshua M. "Putting Peace Back Into the Peace Corps: Restoring International Volunteering for Development as a Peacebuilding Modality." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 15, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316619876235.

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International volunteering for development is neglected as a peacebuilding model, despite its origins in the early 20th-century pacifist movement. In part, this is due to pressures from donor- and sponsor-state agendas, which emphasise neoliberal and securitisation dynamics, similar to those experienced by the wider peacebuilding and development field. Research in peace studies has overlooked the field, making it unclear what unique impacts these activities might have upon peacebuilding and conflict. This not only leaves us blind to its potential as an underused peacebuilding modality, but it also makes it difficult to mitigate potential harms. To prepare the foundation for future research and programme evaluation, I propose a levels of analysis model for mapping the potential peacebuilding impacts of international volunteering and service. This will be grounded in a reconstruction of the peacebuilding paradigms espoused by early theorists and practitioners.

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Ryan, Jordan. "Infrastructures for Peace as a Path to Resilient Societies: An Institutional Perspective." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 7, no. 3 (December 2012): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2013.774806.

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To prevent conflict and move away from fragility towards resilient societies, states increasingly adopt systematic efforts and institutionalised mechanisms to build the necessary capacities to manage conflict and promote peace. One such approach, ‘infrastructures for peace’, offers an inclusive and respectful response. This reflective essay describes the central features of infrastructures for peace and examines how they strengthen resilience within societies. It provides examples of such structures that are being supported by the United Nations Development Programme and its national partners, and examines how they have contributed to national governance and transformed conflict situations.

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Murtagh, Brendan. "Partnerships and Policy in Northern Ireland." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 16, no. 1 (February 2001): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026909401300050795.

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This paper evaluates the experiences of the Derry/Lon don derry Partnership Board established as part of the European Union's (EU) Peace and Reconciliation Programme in Northern Ireland and suggests that it has been able to establish a distinctive approach to community consultation , strategy formulation and programme delivery. It explores the method and content of its most recent Action Plan and argues that the fealty that has traditionally informed local government discourses has been challenged by an open , pluralist and respectful analysis of position s an d problems. The paper concludes by arguing that the real contribution of the Partnerships have been to create the space for civic democracy to be played out in an attempt to embed the peace process and a long-term political settlement.

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O’Loughlin, Claire, Clare Carroll, and Mari Caulfield. "“Sowing the Seeds”: Exploring parents’ experiences of an early intervention programme for children with Down Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Speech and Language Studies 18, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/acs-2011-18107.

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Objective: To establish the value of an early intervention programme designed for families of children with Down Syndrome. Method: The present study adopted a qualitative research design in keeping with the principles of Grounded Theory through the use of a semi-structured interview strategy and coding techniques. Six parents who had completed the programme participated in the study. Main results: The participants collectively viewed the programme as “a learning experience”, and in particular valued the social aspect of the programme. Some parents spoke of perceived barriers which contributed to a potentially negative experience, such as lack of information. Furthermore, the importance of collaboration between parents and professionals echoed throughout the present study. Conclusion: This paper enhances our current understanding of parents’ experiences of early intervention programmes and, in turn, highlights various factors which may positively impact on or detract from caregivers’ experiences of healthcare services.

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Mitchell, Jack, Nur K. Mukhtar, and George W. Bassel. "Low temperature stimulates spatial molecular reprogramming of the Arabidopsis seed germination programme." Seed Science Research 30, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258519000266.

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AbstractThe timing of the germination of seeds is highly responsive to inputs from the environment. Temperature plays a key role in the control of germination, with low temperatures acting to stimulate this developmental transition in many species. In Arabidopsis, extensive gene expression changes have been reported at the whole seed level in response to cold, while much less is known about their spatial distribution across the diverse cell types of the embryo. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of promoter activity and protein abundance for key gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) factors which regulate the decision to germinate both during a time course of germination and in response to cold. Low temperature stimulated the spatial relocalization of these factors to the vasculature. The response of these seeds to dormancy-breaking stratification treatments therefore stimulates the distribution of both positive (GA) and negatively acting (ABA) components to this same cell type. This altered spatial pattern persisted following the transfer of seeds to 22°C, as well as after their rehydration, indicating that this alteration is persistent. These observations suggest that the vasculature plays a role in the low temperature-mediated stimulation of germination in this species, while novel cell types are recruited to promote germination in response to stratification.

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Kurebwa, Jeffrey. "Women, Peace and Security in the SADC Region." International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 5, no. 3 (July 2018): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2018070104.

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The Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda is a key part of the international, continental and regional programme for attaining sustainable and durable peace. Conflict and post-conflict situations have a different impact on women, men, boys and girls. During conflicts, women and children are more vulnerable to sexual violence and exploitation, displacement, a change to household relations and poverty. There have been concerted efforts to identify and address the impact of conflict on women and children and to provide for more responsive, representative and inclusive peace and security structures and processes. SADC countries have made great strides in enacting gender sensitive legislations, representation of women in cabinet, parliament, local government, and security sector institutions. Women have not adequately been represented in mediation and peace-building efforts and most peace agreements lack gender sensitivity. Peace agreements do not include reference to specific needs or interests of women.

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Babar, Summar Iqbal Babar, Imran Ali Sandano, and Syed Fraz Hussain Naqvi Syed. "PEACE PROCESS IN KOREAN PENINSULA: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 38 (February 5, 2021): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol38.iss0.2433.

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The peace process in the Korean Peninsula is one of the pivotal issues for international security. The burgeoning nuclear programme of North Korea, relief in sanctions and the presence of US forces are the daunting challenges for the peace and strategic stability in the Korean Peninsula. For that purpose, different measures, ranging from diplomatic efforts to global sanctions, have been taken. The reinitiating of the peace process in 2017, which involved the intra-Korean negotiations and Trump-Kim Summits have given a positive yet fragile signal. However, the peace process involves various steps, compromises, and flexibilities. For the peace process, the normalisation of relations between North Korea and the US is of colossal significance. The confidence-building measures need to be adopted by both sides. This paper aims at highlighting the issues and evaluating the possible outcomes of the peace process in the Korean Peninsula.

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Kleefeld, Christoph, Anysja Zuchora, Louise Fahy, and Margaret Moore. "Review of nine years of a 125-Iodine seeds prostate brachytherapy programme." Physica Medica 32, no. 7 (July 2016): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.05.027.

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Tsui, Sit, and Lau Kin Chi. "Building a Global Feminist Alliance for Peace in East Asia." positions: asia critique 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8112510.

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In an era of vacillations between threats of a nuclear war and promises of peace breakthroughs in East Asia, this article takes examples from public campaigns of women’s peace groups—such as Women’s Peace Walk, Women Cross DMZ (the Demilitarized Zone), Women’s Active Museum on War and Peace, and PeaceWomen Across the Globe—and argues for feminist scholarship to take an interdisciplinary approach and, in particular, to fuse peace studies with cultural studies, political economy, and global geopolitics. Doing so requires an examination of the history and the scope of the military-industrial complex, its relationship with finance capital, its bonds with governments and political parties, and its business patterns in relation to wars and conflicts all over the world. It also is crucial to sow the seeds of reconciliation and peace into the daily life of ordinary people. Thus, historians, cultural workers, educationists, writers, and scholar activists of different areas must undertake long-term sustained work for reconciliation and peace at the grassroots level as well as networking at the regional and global levels.

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MacMillan, John. "‘Hollow promises?’ Critical materialism and the contradictions of the Democratic Peace." International Theory 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2012): 331–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971912000139.

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The Democratic Peace research programme explicitly and implicitly presents its claims in terms of their potential to underpin a universal world peace. Yet whilst the Democratic Peace appears robust in its geographical heartlands it appears weaker at the edges of the democratic world, where the spread of democracy and the depth of democratic political development is often limited and where historically many of the purported exceptions to the Democratic Peace are found. Whereas Democratic Peace scholarship has tended to overlook or downplay these phenomena, from a critical materialist perspective they are indicative of a fundamental contradiction within the Democratic Peace whereby its universalistic aspirations are thwarted by its material grounding in a hierarchical capitalist world economy. This, in turn, raises the question of whether liberal arguments for a universal Democratic Peace are in fact hollow promises. The article explores these concerns and argues that those interested in democracy and peace should pay more attention to the critical materialist tradition, which in the discussion below is represented principally by the world-system approach.

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Racioppi, Linda, and Katherine O'Sullivan See. "Grassroots Peace-building and Third-party Intervention: The European Union's Special Support Programme for Peace and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland." Peace & Change 32, no. 3 (July 2007): 361–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0130.2007.00445.x.

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Ekpo, Charles E. "Examining the Place of History in Peace and Conflict Education – Experience from Peace and Conflict Programme, University of Ibadan - Nigeria." American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/801.41.75.85.

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Łukomski, Julisław. "Ekologia - program nauczania dla III klasy gimnazjalnej." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2007.5.1.29.

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The article presents analysises of the following issues from the ecological programme for the III class of preparatory school: human and nature in the light of christology, the elevation of human and universe by the Incarnation, Christss cross points the solidarity of God with human and whole nature, peace with God, peace with every creature, rationality of the nature tells about Creator s idea, crisis of moral values finds expression in degradation of natural environment, urgent need of solidarity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Seeds of Peace Programme'

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