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Journal articles on the topic 'Seeds. Seed technology'
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1
Bakhramov, Ruziboy, Xamza Yuldashev, Feruza Tokhtaboeva, Ergashali Ro'zimatov, Gulmira Ergasheva, and Saodat Mirzaeva. "Seed Reproduction technology of the Magnolia grandiflora from seeds." E3S Web of Conferences 304 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130403004.
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This article highlights the results obtained on the basis of scientific research carried out in 2019-2020 on the technology of reproduction from the seeds of Magnolia grandiflora plant in the farmer’s farm named “Saydullo Temirov” specialized in the cultivation of landscape trees and shrubs located in the Uighur village of Pakhtaobod District of Andijan region. As a result of the study, determination of seed stratification time, planting time and methods, as well as maintenance work were determined, and conclusions were made.
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Groot, Steven P. C. "Seed Science and Technology. Volume 48 Issue 1 (2020)." Seed Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2020.48.1.14.
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This issue of Seed Science and Technology contains a number of interesting papers worth giving additional attention. There are five papers that deal with analysis and breaking of seed dormancy, an important issue, not only for commercial practice and breeding, but also for regeneration of habitats and safeguarding bio- diversity. One paper in this issue describes how mucilage production by seeds can aid in overcoming drought stress during germination of seeds from a desert plant. Combatting seed borne diseases remains an important issue. One paper describes how treatment with a combination of two fungicides proved to be effective against seed transmitted seedling blight in Norway spruce. Another paper demonstrates a method to combat a seed- transmitted bacterial infection with watermelon in the seedling stage. Seed vigour tests are needed to give a better estimation of differences between seed lots regarding field emergence. A faster vigour test for tobacco seeds is proposed in a paper in this issue. Even traditional ISTA germination tests may be improved, as demonstrated in a paper for spinach seeds, where especially large seeds can be sensitive to a high moisture level in the tests. Instruments initially used in high-technology industries or in medical care sometimes find their way to seed science applications. An example described in this issue is the use of 3D X-ray computed tomography, which enables rapid non-destructive analyses of the morphology of individual seeds, which can be correlated with germination behaviour. Another paper is on the use of multispectral imaging for seed purity analysis with alfalfa seed lots.
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Sirota, S. M., V. A. Podorogin, L. V. Krivenkov, T. E. Shevchenko, and I. T. Balashova. "DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY OF CARROT SEED PRODUCTION." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-13-17.
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Stavropol region is well known zone of vegetable seed production from 70th years of last century. Development seed production of main vegetable crops is connected with using of new technologies. New technological methods and its influence on the seed yield formation and on the quality of carrot seeds have been investigated in this study. The objects of the study were seeds of carrot variety Marlinka and different technological methods, including in schemes of sowing. Methods and conditions of experiments have been written in details with scheme of experiment by the study influence of sowing schemes on the seed productivity of carrot plants variety Marlinka. Years of study (2015-2017) have been characterized as drought. Seedling capacity of seeds was very small (about of 30%). Sowing with seed drill Matermacc (by the scheme of sowing: 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm) ensured the seedling capacity needed for survive of plants after winter. Yield of seeds was in 4-6 time higher in variant with using seed drill Matermacc and scheme of sowing 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm, than in variants with traditional technologies. Mass of 1000 seeds was similar under different technologies and schemes of sowing. But seedling capacity was significantly decreased under traditional technologies and using seed drill SZ-5,4.
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Concibido, Vergel C. "A SEED SELECTION SYSTEM FOR VIGOROUS TRUE POTATO SEEDS." HortScience 25, no. 4 (April 1990): 400f—400. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.4.400f.
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In developing countries, the use of True Potato Seed (TPS) technology offers some potential economic and biological advantages compared to using seed tubers. One problem with using TPS technology is the lack of seedling vigor, poor germination and non-uniformity of seedlings derived from TPS. Open-pollinated true seeds were divided into three classes based on differences in embryo morphology. Highly significant differences were observed among these seed classes for 100-seed weights, percent germination, rate of germination, 10-seedling weights and percent seedlings with leaves unfurled, ten days after sowing. Seed classes were quantified in terms of 100-seed weight with Seed class 1 having the lowest weight and Seed class 3 the highest; A significantly high r value (0.99) was obtained between seed classes and 10-seedling weight. High r values (0.93) and (0.94) were also obtained between seed classes and percent germination and percent seedlings with unfurled leaves, respectively. Results indicate that it may be possible to use these differences on embryo morphology as a basis for selecting vigorous true potato seeds.
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Luo, Man. "Preliminary Research on Intelligent Baking Room Dehydration and Drying Technology for Rice Sterile Seeds." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (July 12, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9622688.
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The quality of rice seed is very important for rice production. In the process of rice seed production, seed drying is an important link in the whole process of seed quality control, and the problems in mechanical drying are important factors affecting the quality of rice seed. It is easy to encounter rain weather when the sterile seeds are dried by natural air, which seriously affects the seed vigor. High-quality rice seed is an important guarantee to achieve high yield of rice, and seed germination rate is one of the factors directly affecting rice yield. The drying process has the greatest effect on the quality and germination rate of sterile rice seeds. Selecting reasonable drying technology is an important means to ensure the germination rate of sterile rice seeds. In this paper, the dewatering and drying technology of rice sterile line seeds in intelligent baking room was studied. An adaptive integral sliding mode control algorithm based on Smith prediction was proposed for intelligent baking room temperature. The lag in the system was compensated by Smith prediction; the uncertainty of the system model and the complex interference under variable operating conditions were overcome by the robustness of sliding mode control. And the chattering of the sliding mode was eliminated by the adaptive integral sliding mode surface. The seeds of three rice varieties were dried, the drying dehydration rate, seed germination rate, and seed vigor were measured, and the changes of seed moisture and temperature during drying were observed. The results showed that there was little difference in the seed vigor after drying and air dried, which proved that the dryer could be used to dry different kinds of male sterile seeds. Compared with air dried seeds, the germination rate and germination potential of all mechanically dried seeds have little difference, and the overall difference of germination index and vitality index is also small. This study solved the problem that the seeds of male sterile lines could not be dehydrated and dried in time of rainy weather, which is of great significance to improve seed quality and economic benefits.
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Patria, Tri Martini, Evy Pujiastuti, Siti Nurhaeni, Mekky Kusuma Dewi, Nur Indrayati Praba Ningrum, and Mansyur Mansyur. "EVALUATION OF LOCALLY RICE SEEDS HEALTH." Agric 34, no. 1 (August 18, 2022): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2022.v34.i1.p45-56.
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Seed health is one of the important factors in maintaining seed quality. This factor is very influential both during seed storage, plant growth in the field, and production to be produced. Seed can be one of the effective media in the spread of plant diseases. With the consideration that pathogenic seed transmission plays an important role in the spread and development of epidemic diseases in some commodities, then gradually seed health tests need to be incorporated into the seed certification process. Seed health testing is required to detect the presence of pathogens or seed health status. To support the program of activities of the Ministry of Agriculture in the development of local rice, it is necessary to start by evaluating the health of seeds in the local paddy varieties. The purpose of the research includes detecting the type of pathogens carried by local varieties in several provinces and inventories of pathogen data carried by local varieties of rice seeds circulating in several provinces. The research method was conducted by taking samples directly from the field and conducting DNA isolation by PCR test to detect bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and Burkholderia glumae (BG) as well as the growth of pathogen samples in the laboratory. The results of identification are known some seeds detected bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Burkholderia glumae (BG)) which is characterized by the emergence of DNA bands PCR amplification results in positive control according to DNA Ladder. The results of the identification of pathogenic fungi, known the presence of fungi causing blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) in the overall example of rice seeds tested (47 examples of local rice seeds upland and local swamp) and there are 15 examples or 32% infected with a percentage of infections 0.25 - 14.75%. While result identification of nematodes, known the presence of parasitic nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi on the overall sample of local rice seeds tested (42 examples of local rice seeds upland and local swamp), with 25 examples or 59.5% infected with an infection range of 1-44 specimens.
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Stepanov, Kirill Aleksandrovich, and Maxim Viktorovich Ivanov. "Technology of container logging of seeds and grain in seed production." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i4pp102-105.
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The article considers the possibilities of using classical, progressive in the food environment container systems of grain harvesting in the seed production environment. The individual ability of such systems to combine technological operations without inter-operational transshipment of material is taken as a basis analytically, technologically, calculatively. As a feature the need to maintain its viability throughout the entire billet cycle without losses is taken into account analytically, technologically, calculatively. General issues analytically, technologically, and computationally take into account the negative impact of the presence of wheeled vehicles in the field with gross seed collections of up to 400 tons, the volume of a single feed of up to 4.2 m3 and marked personnel shortages by calculatively minimizing operators. It is analytically established, today there is no device that fully meets these requirements, in which either the requirement of combining technological operations was not met, or traumatic drying methods for breeding seeds were used, or there were structural difficulties in cleaning the body and low-intensity drying of grain. The result is a replacement drying and transport body for inclusion in the technology of the harvesting and transport process and post-harvest grain processing. The total operational economic effect: from the introduction of drying and transport removable bodies instead of the classic dump truck transport body, with a gross grain harvest of up to 400 tons, ranged from 4.7 thousand rubles/ha to 5.82 thousand rubles/ha - on average, this is 1.76 times lower, or 16% lower than the cost of using transport bodies installed on the “Multilift" system, but not having the ability to combine operations.
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Bespalova, O. N., and V. G. Abezin. "Technology for germinated watermelon seeds sowing by single grain and hole method." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 12 (December 15, 2013): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65721.
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The sowing technology for the germinated watermelon seeds is developed. It includes seed presowing treatment by electroactivated water and germinated seeds sowing by new construction of seed distributor, using single-grain and hole sowing method.
9
Haiyan, Wang, Melnyk Oksana, and Li Bo. "FUNCTIONAL DRINK TECHNOLOGY WITH CHIA SEEDS." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 21, no. 1 (September 12, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v21i1.2093.
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This article mainly introduces the necessity of the emergence of functional foods and the current market development. Using chia seeds as the characteristic raw material, adding apple juice and hawthorn juice, it is developed to be suitable for subhealthy people, obese people, diabetes and cardiovascular patients.Functional beverages refer to beverages that regulate human body functions to a certain extent by adjusting the composition and content ratio of nutrients in the beverage. In recent research hotspots, chia seeds are often developed and applied by nutritionists or other nutrition enthusiasts because of their rich nutritional value. Chia seeds are rich in a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, accounting for about 80% of the total fatty acid content, of which omega-3 and omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids are the most content, 68% is α-linolenic acid, which is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid content of the food. Each 100g of chia seeds contains about 16-25g of protein and about 26-40g of dietary fiber, including all 8 amino acids needed by the human body. In addition, it is also rich in vitamins and minerals, as well as a variety of natural antioxidant ingredients, with high-quality antioxidant functions. This makes the ability of chia seeds to maintain blood sugar stability, protect the heart, cerebrovascular, and promote gastrointestinal motility and bone health cannot be underestimated.Hawthorn contains a large amount of vitamin C, carotene, organic acids and other nutrients, combined with cellulose, pectin and organic acids in apples, can further assist chia seeds to improve gastrointestinal conditions and promote gastrointestinal motility, while soluble fiber Vegetarian can regulate blood sugar.This article chooses apple and hawthorn as flavor bases, oligosaccharides (FOS) as sweeteners, resistant starch and guar gum as composite stabilizers, to produce a chia seed functional drink to reduce weight and improve heart and brain Vascular health problems. In the extremely poor analysis of the orthogonal test results of the chia seed functional drink, the best sample formula.
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Hernández Cortés, José Antonio. "Seed Science Research: Global Trends in Seed Biology and Technology." Seeds 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds1010001.
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Cotton, Corrie, and Gregory E. Welbaum. "339 Chlorophyll Content is Negatively Correlated with Muskmelon Seed Quality." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 450D—450. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.450d.
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Maturity at harvest determines seed viability and vigor. However, separating seeds from different stages of development can be difficult using existing seed sorting technologies. New technology non-destructively sorts seeds based on their chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), so seeds with the same dry weight but with different physiological maturates can be separated. We determined whether chlorophyll content of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Top Mark) seeds changes during development and whether those changes were related to viability and vigor. Seed viability and vigor were determined using an Association of Official Seed Analysts wet paper towel germination test. `Top Mark' seeds from nine stages of development were run through the SeedMaster Analyzer (Satake USA Inc., Houston, Texas), which calculated the chlorophyll content of each seed. The CF signal was fed into a computer to obtain a frequency histogram. Forty, 45, and 55 days after anthesis (DAA) seeds had germination percentages of 96%, 98%, and 100%, respectively, the highest in the study. Fifty-five DAA had greater seed vigor and viability and contained the lowest CF values; 207 on the 1000-value scale. The less-mature seeds contained higher chlorophyll content and had the lowest seed vigor and viability. Seed vigor and chlorophyll content were negatively correlated in this study. All seeds with high CF values had low vigor, but not all seeds with low CF values have high vigor. Seed aging during storage can reduce viability and vigor independent of chlorophyll content. Based on chlorophyll content, the SeedMaster Analyzer can non-destructively remove immature, low-vigor seeds that have the same physical characteristics and weight as more mature seeds. Chlorophyll fluorescence technology may allow the seed industry to further improve seed quality and maximize vigor.
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Nizamuddin, Ali M. "Seed Incorporated." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 19, no. 1-2 (March 30, 2020): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341548.
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Abstract This study investigates corporate dominance of the world’s food supply. Multinational corporations have a monopoly control over seeds and the accompanying pesticides, which is leading to the disappearance of small farms and traditional methods of farming. Due to strict patent rights, local producers are forced to buy seeds that can only be used once, thereby fostering a feudalistic relationship of perpetual dependence. Advancements in DNA technology have enabled corporate scientists to splice one trait from one species and inject it in an altogether different organism. This process is referred to as genetic modification or transgenic engineering. The difference between enhanced traits from genetic modification (GM) as compared to conventional methods is that in the case of GM the genes are transferred without sexual crossing. They are injected in a targeted manner in a laboratory using sophisticated molecular technology. Transgenic seeds promise to increase output and are drought and pest resistant. But these seeds create monocultures in the food system as varieties of different types of crops are lost and age-old customs destroyed.
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Zhang, Shuheng, Hanguo Zeng, Wei Ji, Kun Yi, Shuangfeng Yang, Peisheng Mao, Zhanjun Wang, Hongqian Yu, and Manli Li. "Non-Destructive Testing of Alfalfa Seed Vigor Based on Multispectral Imaging Technology." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 3, 2022): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072760.
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Seed vigor is an important index to evaluate seed quality in plant species. How to evaluate seed vigor quickly and accurately has always been a serious problem in the seed research field. As a new physical testing method, multispectral technology has many advantages such as high sensitivity and accuracy, nondestructive and rapid application having advantageous prospects in seed quality evaluation. In this study, the morphological and spectral information of 19 wavelengths (365, 405, 430, 450, 470, 490, 515, 540, 570, 590, 630, 645, 660, 690, 780, 850, 880, 940, 970 nm) of alfalfa seeds with different level of maturity and different harvest periods (years), representing different vigor levels and age of seed, were collected by using multispectral imaging. Five multivariate analysis methods including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and normalized canonical discriminant analysis (nCDA) were used to distinguish and predict their vigor. The results showed that LDA model had the best effect, with an average accuracy of 92.9% for seed samples of different maturity and 97.8% for seed samples of different harvest years, and the average sensitivity, specificity and precision of LDA model could reach more than 90%. The average accuracy of nCDA in identifying dead seeds with no vigor reached 93.3%. In identifying the seeds with high vigor and predicting the germination percentage of alfalfa seeds, it could reach 95.7%. In summary, the use of Multispectral Imaging and multivariate analysis in this experiment can accurately evaluate and predict the seed vigor, seed viability and seed germination percentages of alfalfa, providing important technical methods and ideas for rapid non-destructive testing of seed quality.
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Shamsul Huda, Muhammad, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Abdul Hannan, Shafiqul Islam, and Sheikh Md Mobarak Hossain. "SEED QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF FARMER’S PRODUCED SEED POTATO." Plant Physiology and Soil Chemistry 1, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ppsc.02.2021.41.44.
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The experiment was conducted at the research field and post graduate laboratory of Plant Pathology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, during 2015 – 2016 to find out suitable method of farm saved seed potato production by the farmers. Farm saved seed was compared with certified seed, positive selection seed, seed plot technique’s seed and TLS seeds potato in the experiment. The maximum yield (27.72 ton/ha) was recorded from Positive Selection’s Seeds which was similar with Certified and Seeds of SPT. But the maximum plants (≥ 8 %, 7.33 % and 4.17 %) were infected by PVY, PLRV and PMV respectively in Farmer’s seed. The seed potatoes of positive selection and seed plot technique are the best alternate to supplement the certified seed.
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Bakulova, Irina Vladimirovna, Irina Ivanovna Pluzhnikova, and Nikolay Viktorovich Kriushin. "Protectants in the technology of growing cannabis seed." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 9 (September 25, 2022): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i9pp4-7.
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In achieving high and stable yields of cannabis, an important link in the system of agrotechnical measures is seed etching. It increases the energy of germination and field germination, stimulates the growth and development of plants, is an indispensable and mandatory method of protecting seeds and seedlings in the field from major diseases and pests. Since there are no recommendations for the protection of cannabis from harmful organisms, it became necessary to carry out this work. The purpose of our work was to develop scientific foundations and identify effective options for processing seed material that promote plant growth stimulation, increase field germination, resistance to adverse environmental factors, which in turn will increase the productivity and yield of the crop. Scientific research was carried out at the FSBI FNC LC on the experimental field in the conditions of the Penza region in accordance with generally accepted current methods. It has been established that seed treatment with preparations of Lignohumate and Biocomplex BTU, TMTD, VSK and Albit, TPS activates plant growth in height, provides an increase in the technical length of the stem and inflorescence. When processing hemp seeds of the Vera variety with Lignohumate, Bunker, VSK and Albit, TPS protectants, the yield of stems increases by 9.5 – 22.0%, seeds by 10.0-23.1%, the hemp variety Nadezhda has the highest rates of stem yield (7.42-7.70 t/ha) and seeds (0.80-0.84 t/ha) obtained when using Bunker, VSK, Benorad, SP and Albit, TPS preparations in protection.
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Kriz, Pavel, Pavel Olsan, Zbynek Havelka, Andrea Bohata, Syam Krishna, Pavel Cerny, Martin Filip, Petr Bartos, Sławomir Kocira, and Petr Spatenka. "Experimental Investigation into the Influence of Plasma Technology on Seed Surface Wettability." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 9994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219994.
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The influence of atmospheric plasma discharge (APD) of the Gliding Arc type and low-pressure microwave plasma discharge (LPMD) on the class of various seeds was investigated. Pea, wheat, and sunflower seeds, representing legumes, cereals, and oilseeds, respectively, were selected for the treatment. Our study aimed to verify the effect of plasma treatment on the water contact angle and the wettability of the seeds. Treatment time, working gas flow and microwave power were varied to determine their impact. All treated and untreated variants were used to conduct the water contact angle measurements to compare their wettability. APD treatment seemed to be utterly ineffective for improving the wettability for most process parameters. On the contrary, LPMD manifested a much more efficient impact. The maximum effect was found for the 800 W microwave power applied to the pea seed for 30 s. The contact angle achieved decreased by approximately 50% compared to the untreated sample. These results indicate that LPMD may be an effective alternative to traditional pre-sowing seed treatments used in agriculture for water intake enhancement. Still, it is strongly dependent on the seed’s type and the used process parameters.
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Danilov, M. V., E. V. Kulaev, L. I. Vysochkina, D. S. Kalugin, and V. K. Maliev. "Increasing the germination of wheat seeds using the technology of pressing seeds into the sowing furrows." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 996, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/996/1/012018.
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Abstract The article presents the results of research on a new design of a combined disc coulter, which makes it possible to implement the technology of sowing wheat by pressing the seeds into the bottom of the furrow. The material for the study was the seeds of winter wheat variety “Zustrich”. Studies have shown that the maximum pressing force of winter wheat seeds is much less than the force of their destruction, the depth of pressing is from 5 to 8 mm, the speed of the seeder is about 10 km · h−1. On the basis of analytical studies, the design parameters and operating modes of the combined disc coulter were substantiated, which made it possible to obtain soil density at the bottom of the sowing furrow of 1.15 t · m−3, seed germination – 86, 9%; uniformity of seed distribution in a row – 83, 6%, which fully complies with agricultural requirements.
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Shelar, Amruta, Ajay Vikram Singh, Romi Singh Maharjan, Peter Laux, Andreas Luch, Donato Gemmati, Veronica Tisato, et al. "Sustainable Agriculture through Multidisciplinary Seed Nanopriming: Prospects of Opportunities and Challenges." Cells 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092428.
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The global community decided in 2015 to improve people’s lives by 2030 by setting 17 global goals for sustainable development. The second goal of this community was to end hunger. Plant seeds are an essential input in agriculture; however, during their developmental stages, seeds can be negatively affected by environmental stresses, which can adversely affect seed vigor, seedling establishment, and crop production. Seeds resistant to high salinity, droughts and climate change can result in higher crop yield. The major findings suggested in this review refer nanopriming as an emerging seed technology towards sustainable food amid growing demand with the increasing world population. This novel growing technology could influence the crop yield and ensure the quality and safety of seeds, in a sustainable way. When nanoprimed seeds are germinated, they undergo a series of synergistic events as a result of enhanced metabolism: modulating biochemical signaling pathways, trigger hormone secretion, reduce reactive oxygen species leading to improved disease resistance. In addition to providing an overview of the challenges and limitations of seed nanopriming technology, this review also describes some of the emerging nano-seed priming methods for sustainable agriculture, and other technological developments using cold plasma technology and machine learning.
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Deleuran, Lise C., Merete H. Olesen, and Birte Boelt. "Spinach seed quality: potential for combining seed size grading and chlorophyll fluorescence sorting." Seed Science Research 23, no. 4 (June 7, 2013): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258513000202.
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AbstractSpinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seed quality is important for subsequent establishment of baby leaf and other spinach products. The indeterminate flowering pattern in spinach produces seeds of different sizes, and consequently a non-uniform seed lot. Sorting seeds based on novel sorting methods might therefore improve the establishment of spinach for producers. Spinach seeds were harvested at five different times (H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5) starting 3 weeks before estimated optimum harvest time. The harvested seeds were sorted according to chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and seed size. Two harvest times 6 d apart were selected for further studies of seed development and germination counts. Analysis of mean germination time (MGT) of four germination counts (3, 7, 14 and 21 d) showed that smaller seed sizes ( < 3.25 mm) have lower MGT than seeds of larger sizes (>3.25 mm). A larger proportion of 2.5–3.25 mm size seeds had germinated on day 3 than both their larger and smaller counterparts at the later time of harvest (H4). Seeds with a diameter below 2.5 mm displayed the lowest MGT. Commercially, the use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF)-sorted seeds, in combination with seed size sorting, may provide a useful tool for enhancing seed quality. Here our results demonstrate that a greater number of seeds with a low CF level had germinated on day 3 compared to the seeds with high CF levels. It is of relevance to develop a technology that could identify seeds that are sufficiently developed to germinate and successfully establish in the field regardless of seed size.
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Nurullin, E. G., and I. R. Zainutdinov. "New technology of pre-treating processing of grain crops seeds by protective-incentive means." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 032021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032021.
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Abstract As the result analysis of known materials in the field of seed preparation, patent search and their systematization, an innovative approach is proposed, on the basis of which a conceptual model of a new technology for pre-sowing seeds of cereals by working solutions of chemical and biological protective-stimulating agents with preliminary dust cleaning in a continuous hermetic single technological flow. According to the proposed technology pre-sowing preparation is carried out directly at the seed storage site, which excludes energy-consuming and labor-intensive loading-unloading and transportation operations. The basis of the new technology is a combined machine for pre-sowing treatment with pneumatic loading and dust separating device, which works as follows. Seeds, from a boot by a pneumatic loader, where the seed surface is cleaned of dust, are fed into the dust separator. In the dust separator there is a separation of seeds and a dust-air mixture. In this case, the cleaned seeds without contact with the dusty medium are sent to the treatment zone where the fine particles of the working fluid (less than 40 microns), moving in the air flow, are applied to the surface of the seeds, which ensures the accuracy of the rate of application and the uniformity of the working solution distribution by the weight of the seeds and on the surface of each grain. When pre-sowing seed treatment with biopesticides, a temperature regime is maintained that ensures the vitality and effectiveness of the biopesticides action. The processed seeds are packed in sacks and sent for sowing. The proposed technology will provide increased productivity and reduced energy intensity of the technological process, reducing the seeds trauma, eliminating the over expenditure of expensive protective and stimulating agents and improving the quality of processing, high life activity and effectiveness of biopesticides exposure, reducing environmental stress and harmful effects on humans.
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Golev, Aleksandr, Valeriy Ivannikov, and Vladimir Bukhtoyarov. "NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR PRESOWING TREATMENT AND SEEDING OF COMMON PINE SEEDS IN THE NURSERY." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-43-48.
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When reforestation is cut down for various needs of our country coniferous forests significantly reduced their quality, mainly due to the fact that they are poorly renewed. One of the reasons for this is the low quality of seed material, harvested usually not from the testes and plus trees, but from trees with low genetic characteristics of trees.
In the resulting seed mix to contain different fractions of seeds differing in seed quality. When sowing such heterogeneous seeds in a forest nursery at the end of the growing season, a significant part of the grown seedlings (up to 30 %) goes to marriage, because they do not meet the requirements of the standard. This is because, contained in the total mass of small seeds do not have the growth potential that large, and when they grow together, seedlings grown from small seeds do not meet the requirements of the standard, because in the process of growth and development are oppressed by larger seedlings.
The new technology for sizing pine seeds allows you to completely separate the fractions of small seeds.
Sowing small seeds separately from large ones at the optimal depth of planting, you can create conditions for their effective growth and development, as well as provide additional planting material that meets the requirements of the standard.
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Avelar, Suemar Alexandre Gonçalves, Fabianne Valéria de Sousa, Guilherme Fiss, Leopoldo Baudet, and Silmar Teichert Peske. "The use of film coating on the performance of treated corn seed." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 34, no. 2 (June 2012): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222012000200001.
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The main objective of seed coating technology using polymers is to improve the physical, physiological and sanitary characteristics of seed performance. The objectives of the present study were to determine: the plantability of corn seeds treated with insecticide, fungicide and graphite, covered with a film coating; the dust retention on treated corn seeds; and the leaching of applied products on corn seeds covered by a film coating. Seed plantability was determined by counting the skips and double seeds; dust was determined by using fiberglass paper in mg.100 g-1 of seeds; and the leaching was determined by collecting the material leached in a 10 cm layer of sand after irrigation. The following conclusions were made: seeds covered with film coating effectively reduce skips and double seeds; film coating effectively reduces the formation of dust from the seeds; film coated seeds minimize the leaching of the insecticide applied in seed treatment; and there are differences in effectiveness related to film coating type and dosage.
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Oelviani, Renie, Dewi Sahara, and R. Heru Praptana. "Corn-seed Technology: A Study of a New Technology Introduce to Farmer Using Importance Performance Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 232 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123203005.
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The effort to increase hybrid maize in Indonesia is one of the government's crucial programs. Given that multinational companies still master hybrid corn seed technology, farmers need to become independent seed producers with the introduction of technology. Despite the difficulty level of technology, capital and resources are limited. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of hybrid corn seed technology using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) approach in the demonstration plot of maize nurseries in Kendal Regency in 2018-2019. We surveyed at the end of 2019 activities to 33 farmers and 12 assisting officers. The result of this research is the level of interest suitability and technology performance of hybrid corn seeds of 82.61 percent. The average competent value of interest is 4.39, and the performance value is 3.63. Three attributes that have a high level of significance, but whose performance is not yet optimal are rouging, detasselling, and machine seed processing. In the future, evaluate the three attributes as an effort to produce quality hybrid maize seeds at the farmer level on a large scale that can be activated.
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Taylor, A. G. "Water Status of Seeds." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 910A—910. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.910a.
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Four topics are presented on the status of water in seeds; 1) methods to express moisture content (MC), 2) methods to determine MC, 3) relationship between relative humidity (RH) and MC, and 4) utility of water activity measurements in seeds. Seed MC is expressed on a fresh-weight basis in commerce and seed technology, while dry weight basis is used in physiological or biophysical literature. Conversion equations are available for the fresh and dry weight measurements. Moisture testing methods are grouped as primary and secondary. Primary methods are direct methods in which the water is removed and determined, while the secondary methods are indirect methods that rely on a chemical or physical characteristic that changes with MC. The oven method is the most common primary technique and the electronic moisture meter is widely used as a nondestructive secondary technique. The relation between RH and MC is known as an isotherm, and three zones of water binding are observed. The RH and the seed composition, in particular the lipid content, determines the MC. Seeds with low lipid content have a greater equilibrium MC than seeds with high lipid content. Water activity, defined as the ratio of water vapor of the seed over the water vapor of pure water at a particular temperature, is related to water potential in a log-linear relationship. Water activity (aw) can be used to define the water status of any species, regardless of composition.
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Kenanoglu, Burcu Begüm, Ibrahim Demir, and Henk Jalink. "Chlorophyll Fluorescence Sorting Method to Improve Quality of Capsicum Pepper Seed Lots Produced from Different Maturity Fruits." HortScience 48, no. 8 (August 2013): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.8.965.
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This work was conducted to investigate the efficacy of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) sorting to improve seed germination, seedling emergence, and vigor of seeds produced from different maturity fruits of four different cultivars. Four harvest dates from each cultivar were evaluated by harvesting orange (immature), bright red (half-mature), dark red (mature), and dark red and soft (overmature) fruits. Seeds were either sorted or nonsorted after harvesting and standard laboratory germination, seedling emergence, and controlled deterioration tests were conducted. CF sorting significantly increased laboratory germination, seedling emergence, and seed vigor. Maximum improvements were obtained from seeds harvested from half-mature and mature stages. Mean germination improvement among cultivars between CF-sorted and nonsorted seeds were 14% in the immature seeds, 11% in half-mature seeds, 6% in mature seeds, and 9% in overmature seeds. Improvements in seedling emergence were 21%, 17%, 9%, and 10% and 4%, 11%, 10%, 14% for seed vigor (CD germination) in the all maturity stages of seed lots, respectively. CF has the potential to upgrade seed quality in pepper lots as a non-destructive sorting technology.
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Munawaroh, Rosyidatul Putri, Indah Anita-Sari, and Sri Rahayu. "Cocoa Seed Shelf-Life and Seed Germination as Influenced by Pectin-Coat Application." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 36, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v36i2.436.
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The time difference between the availability and the needs of cocoa seeds causes the national needs can not be fulfilled. Recalcitrant cocoa seed cannot be stored for a long time, germinating seeds during the storage process change in abnormal seedling growth. One of seed technology to maintain the seed quality during the storage is seed coating. Pectin is one of the compounds that can be used for coating on several commodities, also possible to be used on cocoa seeds. The study was conducted at Plant Breeding Laboratory of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember. The experiment used a factorial randomized completely block design consisting of two factors. The first factor were concentration of pectin 0% (control), 1%, and 3%, while the second factor were shelflife of 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks. Each treatment combination was repeatedthree times. The results showed that pectin-coat treatment could keep cocoa seeds from germinating for 3 weeks but unable to maintain the quality of seeds during storage.
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Catão, Hugo Cesar Rodrigues Moreira, Ítala Menegon Castilho, Franciele Caixeta, Nilvanira Donizete Tebaldi, and Pâmela Gomes Nakada Freitas. "Improving the method for determining the physiological and sanitary potential of Gherkin seeds." Bioscience Journal 37 (December 29, 2021): e37087. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-54193.
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Gherkin seeds usually show irregular physiological quality. Seed production requires fast and reliable tests to evaluate seed quality. Germination test is considered a recognized analysis method; however, seed technology has pursuit the improvement of vigor tests aiming the evaluation of seed’s physiological potential. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate procedures to perform the test of accelerated aging and determine the physiological and sanitary potential of gherkin seeds. Four seed lots of cultivar Liso Calcuta were used in the study. To evaluate the initial physiological quality the water content was determined and germination and emergence tests, as well as indices of germination speed and emergence speed were used. The accelerated aging test was performed as traditionally and with saturated saline solution, with 48, 72 and 96 hours, at temperatures of 41oC and 45oC. After aging, the water content was determined, and seeds’ germination and sanity tests were performed. The experiment was set under a completely random design in factorial 4x3x2 (lots x aging periods x temperatures). The standard accelerated aging test and the test with saturated saline solution at 41oC for 96 hours were efficient to evaluate the vigor of gherkin seeds. Saturated saline solution provides uniform water absorption and deterioration in gherkin seeds, allowing to discriminate seed lots in different vigor levels. The salinity test after accelerated aging with saline solution reduces the incidence of some fungi.
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Wu, Weifeng, Ying Cheng, Keling Tu, Cuiling Ning, Chengmin Yang, Xuehui Dong, Hailu Cao, and Qun Sun. "Study on the Selection of Processing Process and Parameters of Platycodon grandiflorum Seeds Assisted by Machine Vision Technology." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112764.
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Seed processing is an important means of improving seed quality. However, the traditional seed processing process and parameter adjustment are highly empirically dependent. In this study, machine vision technology was used to develop a seed processing method based on the rapid extraction of seeds’ material characteristics. Combined with the results of clarity analysis and the single seed germination test, the seed processing process and parameters were determined through data analysis. The results showed that several phenotypic features were significantly or highly significantly correlated with clarity, but fewer phenotypic features were correlated with viability. According to the probability density distribution of pure seeds and impurities in the features that were significantly correlated with seed clarity, the sorting parameters of length, width, R, G, and B were determined. When the combination of width (≥0.8 mm) + G (<75) was used for sorting, the recall of pure seeds was higher than 91%, and the precision was increased to 98.6%. Combined with the specific production reality, the preliminary determination of the Platycodon grandiflorum seed processing process was air separation—screen (round hole sieve)—color sorting. Then, four commercialized Platycodon grandiflorum seed lots were sorted by this process using corresponding parameters in the actual processing equipment. Subsequently, the seed clarity and germination percentage were significantly improved, and the seed quality qualification rate was increased from 25% to 75%. In summary, by using machine vision technology to quickly extract the material characteristics of the seeds, combined with correlation analysis, probability density distribution plots, single feature selection, and combination sorting comparisons, the appropriate processing process and corresponding sorting parameters for a specific seed lot can be determined, thus maximizing the seed quality.
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Amirkhani, Masoume, Hilary Mayton, Michael Loos, and Alan Taylor. "Development of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) Seed Coating Technology to Enhance Germination and Stand Establishment in Red Clover Cover Crop." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020438.
Full textAbstract:
Drought conditions after sowing threaten the seedling establishment of all seeds, including cover crops. Cover crops are commonly broadcast and, thus, are often susceptible to drought stress after sowing. Our hypothesis was that seed coating with superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) would enhance germination in the lab and stand establishment in the field by increasing water availability to single seeds. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seeds were coated with the following selected SAP formulations at 2% of their seed weight: cross-linked potassium polyacrylate (PAL), cross-linked polyacrylamide-based polymer (PAM), PAM with graphite (PAM+G), and Starch-g-2-Propenoic acid (potassium salt) (STR). The water absorbency of each SAP formulation was >200 g water/g of polymer; STR had the greatest absorbency, at 352 g water/g of polymer. A seed coating method was developed, resulting in the uniform application of SAP from seed to seed. All SAP coating treatments increased germination compared to the 0% SAP coating in controlled environment studies in the lab. Three field trials were conducted for each seed coating treatment, providing a range of climatic soil conditions. Within each field trial, the STR with the greatest water absorbency had a higher stand for treatments sown by broadcasting followed by raking to incorporate seeds. The first two trials were conducted under more stressful conditions. PAM+G performed best in the first two trials by broadcasting seeds with no raking. Collectively, the selected SAP seed coating improved field stands compared to the non-treated controls.
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Umadi, Sarah Sakinah, Sumadi Sumadi, and Denny Sobardini Sobarna. "The Effect of Seed Coating with Trichoderma sp. and Application of Bokashi Fertilizer to the Quality of Soybean (Glycine max. L) Seed." Jurnal Biodjati 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v3i2.3204.
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The decrease of soybean productivity was caused by low quality of seed. To improve the quality of seed, soybean seed were coated with Trichoderma sp. and adding bokashi organic fertilizer. This research aimed at finding the best dose combination of Trichoderma sp. and bokashi fertilizer to improve the quality of soybeans. The research was conducted in the experiment field and Laboratory of Seed Technology at Padjadjaran University in April - August 2017. The experimental design in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments were the combination of four dose values of coating the seed by Trichoderma sp. (0g/100 seeds, 1g/100 seeds, 2g/100 seeds, and 3g/100 seeds) and three dose of bokashi (0g/polybag, 300g/polybag, and 600g/polybag) and each treatment was replicated three times. The experiment result showed that all treatments on soybean seeds did not affect the germination percentange, vigor index, and conductivity value, but affected the seed quantityof 600g/polybag of bokashi and without seed coating with Trichoderma sp. on 100 seed mass and seed weight per plant.
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Tsurkan, Oleh. "SYSTEM APPROACH TO STUDYING THE TECHNOLOGY OF PUMPKIN SEEDS POST-HARVEST TREATMENT." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 4(115) (December 24, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-4-16.
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The main technical task of agricultural production in the field of seed production is to obtain conditional seeds that meet national and international quality standards. One of the important stages of growing agricultural seeds is their post-harvest processing, which includes the drying process, which is the main and one of the most effective methods for storing and processing agricultural raw materials. It is possible to increase the efficiency of the technology of post-harvest treatment of pumpkin seeds by determining the possibilities of using a systematic approach to solving the problems of implementing measures and means, identifying the mechanism of functioning and developing its effectiveness. Modeling and systems analysis are the main research methods and agricultural technology systems. Systems analysis is widely used in the study of various branches of agricultural production. The article discusses the main features of the components of the technology of post-harvest treatment of pumpkin seeds, forming a certain hierarchical system: technology - technological process - technological operation. The input factors of the pumpkin seed drying system will be such indicators as the supply of the input material, its moisture content, the parameters of the drying agent, and the quality indicators of the input material. A structural diagram of pumpkin seed production has been developed and the target function of the system in matrix form and an algorithm for the implementation of the target function of the pumpkin seed production system have been selected. The matrix of the objective function and the algorithm for its implementation can be used to analyze the pumpkin seed production system as a whole at the level of an individual enterprise, and by individual elements to find bottlenecks in this technology.
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D, Tuvshinjargal, Amgalanzul J, and Baatarkhuu D. "Optimize the technology operation of the seed coating equipment." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 26, no. 01 (April 30, 2019): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v26i01.1214.
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It is difficult to be uniformly the spacing between seeds, to adjust sowing norm, adjust the accuracy of allocation and to separate each seed. As crop protection, seed coatings can also be a carrier of fungicides, bactericides, and insecticides that protect the seed and emerging seedling. One of the solutions to these problems is the technology of coating seeds with other materials. In our experimental section, we coated seeds with mixture of wheat dust and mineral fertilizers. We determined the mathematical model and optimum values of ratio of mixture, angle of equipment’s slope, and frequency of rotation.
Үр бүрэх төхөөрөмжийн технологи ажиллагааг оновчлох
Хураангуй: Газар тариалангийн үйлвэрлэлд үр тариа, хүнсний ногооны жижиг үрт таримлыг үрлэх, суулгах ажил ихээхэн бэрхшээлтэй ажлуудын нэг байдаг. Гадаадын хөгжсөн орнууд энэ бэрхшээлийг жижиг үрийн гадуур шим тэжээлийн бодисоор бүрж, хэлбэр хэмжээг нь нэгэн жигд болгох, үрийг хамгаалах болон соёололтыг идэвхжүүлэх, амьдарах чадварыг сайжруулж га-гаас авах ургацын хэмжээг нэмэгдүүлэх замаар шийдэж байна. Тус өгүүлэлд үрэх бүрэх төмөөрөмжийн ашиглалтын параметрүүд болох эргэлтийн давтамж, налуугийн өнцөг болон бүрэх холимогийн харьцааг үрийн гадна талаар бүрхүүл тогтоож үрэлжүүлэх ажиллагаатай уялдуулан судалж, хамаарлын математик загвар болон оновчтой утгуудыг тодорхойллоо.
Түлхүүр үг: Эргэлтийн давтамж, налуугийн өнцөг, холимгийн харьцаа
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Karayel, Davut, Egidijus Šarauskis, and Ali Aktaş. "Design and Experiment of a Helicoidal Seed Tube to Improve Seed Distribution Uniformity of Seed Drills." Processes 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071271.
Full textAbstract:
In a conventional seed drill, the flow of seeds into the planting bed is usually disrupted and irregular, which contributes to poor seed spacing uniformity. The seed tube of the seed drill may be one of the reasons for disrupted and irregular seed flow. A seed drill, in principle, has to deposit seeds into the ground at a uniform spacing to avoid nutrient competition for optimum yield. This study was inspired to develop a novel helicoidal seed tube that regulates the flow of seeds in a seed tube while being dispensed by the seed drill into the ground. The helicoidal tube was designed to fit the end of a conventional delivery tube of a seed drill. It works by allowing the falling seeds to move through the helix causing a frictional reaction, thereby regulating the velocity of the falling seeds. The developed helicoidal seed tube was tested under laboratory conditions at three heights of the helix (100, 150, and 200 mm) and four pitch sizes (28, 32, 36, and 40 mm). As a result of the laboratory tests, the optimum values for the helix height and pitch size were determined as 200 mm and 36 mm, respectively. The performance of the helicoidal seed tube (helix height of 200 mm and pitch size of 36 mm) was compared with the conventional (hollow) seed tube under laboratory and field conditions. Trials were carried out at a seeding rate of 200 kg/ha and a forward speed of 1 m/s for both wheat and barley seeds. Field trials showed that the coefficients of variation of seed spacing of the conventional seed tube decreased from 118.4% and 139.5% to 77.2% and 70.6% for wheat and barley sowing, respectively, when the helicoidal seed tube was used. Overall, the use of helicoidal seed tube provided a more equal growing area for each plant due to its lower coefficient of variation.
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Perepravo, Nikolaj, Vladimir Zolotarev, Aleksej Ševcov, Jurij Ahlamov, Sergej Otroško, Nikolaj Šarikov, Vladimir Kosolapov, Andrzej Marczuk, and Jacek Caban. "Improvement of Harvesting Methods of Perennial Seed Grass." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0074.
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Abstract In case of traditional harvesting methods the losses of perennial grass seeds may reach 45-50% of the biological yield in unfavourable weather conditions. The paper presents the results of comparative assessment efficiency of various methods of harvesting of perennial seed grass. It was found that the use of special devices and structures in combine harvesters allows increase of yield of technological mixture to the combine tank, degree of seed threshing to 93% and limit the losses of crop to 20-29%. Harvesting of seeds in non-waste technology with harvesting of the entire yield with later transport, drying, threshing and seeds cleaning in stationary devices results in reduction of losses by 5 to 10% but it leads to the increase of energy inputs by 24-25% in comparison to traditional with threshing method. Harvesting with a combing method of plant seeds on a trunk in „Невейки” technology results in the increase of the seeds harvesting to 86-98% of a biological yield.
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Barbedo, Claudio José. "A new approach towards the so-called recalcitrant seeds." Journal of Seed Science 40, no. 3 (September 2018): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v40n3207201.
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ABSTRACT: Water is essential, irreplaceable, and indispensable for any kind of carbon-based-life metabolic activity. Water-dependent living beings are the expected pattern in nature. However, some organisms can survive for some time at a minimum water content, such as seeds of some species (orthodox seeds). Nevertheless, the expected standard life behavior is found in seeds of another group of species, the so-called recalcitrant seeds, which are sensitive to desiccation. A huge range of different behaviors can be found between these two groups, leading authors to consider that orthodoxy and recalcitrance is not an all-or-nothing situation. Notwithstanding, we are still too far from understanding the differences and similarities between all these kinds of seeds and this has been a serious barrier to the development of plant conservation technologies. A new approach to understanding the differences between these seeds is presented here based on seed maturation, environmental influences, and evolution. From this point of view, all kinds of seed behavior are contemplated and, consequently, some new perspectives are considered for the recalcitrant seed conservation technology, the most intensely desired technology nowadays in this area.
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Lekonceva, Tat'yana, and Aleksandr Fedorov. "Efficiency of presowing seed treatment of Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, Triticum aestivum L., Raphanus sativus L., Allium cepa L. with silicon oxide." Agrarian Bulletin of the 227, no. 12 (January 10, 2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-227-12-23-34.
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Abstract. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of an aqueous solution of silicon oxide on the sowing qualities of plant seeds. Methods. The assessment of the effect of silicon oxide (SiO2) on the sowing qualities of seeds was carried out by a laboratory method according to Medical and biological safety assessment of nanomaterials 1.2.2635-10 and GOST 12038-84 “Seeds of agricultural crops. Methods for determining germination”. Asparagus bean seeds Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis of Matilda variety, spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. of Svecha variety, seed radish Raphanus sativus L. of Champion variety and onion Allium cepa L. of Odintsovo variety. The following indicators were taken into account: germination energy and seed germination, number, length and weight of underground and aboveground parts of seedlings. Statistical data processing was carried out by the dispersion method according to B. A. Dospekhov. Scientific novelty. The species-specific reaction of seeds to the treatment with silicon oxide was revealed. The best results in terms of morphometric parameters of seedlings of asparagus bean and spring wheat were obtained when seeds were treated with 0.0025 % silicon oxide, radish – 0.005 %. It is not advisable to treat onion seeds with silicon oxide. According to the research results, asparagus bean seeds turned out to be the most responsive to processing. Germination energy and seed germination in the variant of treatment with 0.0025 % silicon oxide compared to the control (distilled water) were 13.7 % and 3.0 % higher, respectively, but the difference is not significant. The studied concentrations contributed to a significant increase in the average length of the roots. At 0.01 % concentration, this indicator was higher by 30.6 mm, 0.005 % by 30.7 mm, at 0.0025 % by 48.8 mm, respectively (HCP05 = 30.1). The average root weight was 67.5 mg more in the variant of seed treatment with 0.0025% silicon oxide solution (HCP05 = 41.5).
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Kincharova, Marina, Aleksandr Kincharov, and Myansur Abdryaev. "Prevalence of fungal infection on winter wheat seeds under conditions of the Middle Volga region." Agrarian Bulletin of the 227, no. 12 (January 10, 2023): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-227-12-11-22.
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Abstract. The aim of this work is to investigate the composition of pathogenic mycoflora associated with the seeds of winter soft wheat in the Samara region under laboratory conditions. Research methodology and methods. The seeds of 10 varieties and lines of winter soft wheat of competitive variety trials, grown in the central soil and climatic zone of Samara Region, were examined in the Laboratory of Innovative Technologies in Breeding, Seed Breeding and Seed Science and Laboratory of Breeding and Seed Production of Winter Wheat, Volga Branch of Samara Research Center of RAS. Infestation of seeds by pathogenic fungi was determined by roll method using the method according to GOST 12044-93 and subsequent microscopy. Results. Correct diagnosis and knowledge of the causes of the disease, peculiarities of pathogen development are the basis for successful protective and preventive measures. As a result of the study we conducted in 2019–2020 revealed a high degree of infection of seeds with fungi on a natural infectious background. Dominant on the seeds, studied samples are fungi: Alternaria sp. (with a frequency of occurrence from 0.5 to 35.0% and relative prevalence from 0.7 % to 56.5 %, Fusarium sp. (with a frequency of occurrence from 2 to 45.5 %, and relative prevalence from 4.1 % to 67.4 % respectively) and the group of fungi causing seed mold (Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. etc.). Differences in the amount of precipitation and relative humidity may be a probable reason for differences in the frequency of a particular fungus and species detected on seeds of winter soft wheat in different years. Scientific novelty. The phytopathological estimation of seeds as applied to the conditions of Samara region has been carried out and pathogenic complex of fungi associated with the seeds of winter wheat has been established.
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Stieve, Susan M., and David Tay. "(210) X-ray-assisted Flower Seed Lot Improvement." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1070D—1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1070d.
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Storage of quality herbaceous ornamental seeds is a primary concern of the Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center, a USDA National Plant Germplasm System genebank. In Autumn 2005, 30 accessions, including 10 genera of herbaceous ornamentals, were evaluated for initial seed weight and viability using four replications of 50 seeds except for Begonia, which consisted of two replications of 500 seeds due to extremely small seed size. Seed lots were then recleaned using an Oregon Seed Blower; Begonia were cleaned using the rolling paper method where good, round seeds roll off vibrating paper held at an angle and shrunken seed do not. Heavy and light fractions of all seeds were saved, 50-seed weight calculated, and viability tested. Seed cleaning was assisted by Faxitron X-ray technology to identify the quantity of seeds with embryos in each treatment. Seed cleaning statistically increased the weight for 19 accessions including Actea, Antirrhinum, Oenothera, Penstemon, Ranunculus, Rudbeckia, and Talinum, where the heaviest seed were in the heavy fraction of recleaned seed. Seed weight for some Begonia and Tagetes accessions was statistically increased, while weight of no Petunia accessions was increased. Viability was calculated as the percentage of normal and dormant seeds. Seed cleaning statistically increased the viability of 10 accessions including Actea, Oenothera, Petunia, Ranunculus, and Talinum; seed lot viability was statistically increased for some accessions of Antirrhinum, Penstemon, Rudbeckia; no accessions of Begonia or Tagetes had improved viability. Results suggest that recleaning seed lots to improve seed weight and viability may be effective, but differences between genera as well as species within genera exist.
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Haavisto, V. F., R. L. Fleming, and D. A. Skeates. "Potential and Actual Yields of Seed from Black Spruce Cones." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64032-1.
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Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S P.) trees have semi-serotinous cones and disperse seed over a period of years, a fact that suggests possible difficulty in seed release. Reported seed yields per cone are variable, and operational extraction yields are low. It is hypothesized that this could be attributed partially to incomplete extraction. The studies reported herein have shown that actual seed complements within cones are similar to theoretical estimates, ranging from 50 to 110 seeds per cone. The need to improve extraction technology is suggested, especially for genetically improved sources. Key words: black spruce, Picea mariana, cones, cone scales, seeds, seed yield, seeds per cone
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Koryagin, Yu V., E. G. Kulikova, N. V. Koryagina, and V. A. Trishina. "Application of microbiological fertilizers in barley cultivation technology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 953, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/953/1/012005.
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Abstract The current research was aimed at assessing the yield and grain quality of spring barley inoculated during sowing with microbiological fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” on leached chernozem in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region at a dose of 2 l/t. These microbiological fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” used for seed inoculation had practically no effect on field germination and safety of spring barley. With the pre-sowing treatment of Azotovit seeds, the sparseness of crops averaged 11.1%, with the treatment of Phosphatovit seeds - 9.5%, and with the treatment of both Azotovit and Phosphatovit seeds amounted to 7.4% at 15.7% on control. The use of the fertilizers led to an increase in the productivity of spring barley seeds up to 3.25 t/ha. The highest grain yield was obtained with the combined use of “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit”, where the yield was higher than in the control by 0.36 t/ha (12.3%). The number of seeds per 1 crop and the mass of seeds per 1 crop, with the combined use of “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit”, on average over two years of research increased by 2.8 pcs and 0.108 g, relatively, compared with the control group. Grain quality indicators have improved. Treatment of seeds of spring barley before sowing with micronutrient fertilizers increased the weight of 1000 grains by 3.5 g in comparison with the control group; increased the grain size by 2.7-13.1 g/l. The smallest increase in the grain productivity was observed in the case with seed treatment before sowing “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” by 2.7 g/l and 3.9 g/l, relatively, and the greatest increase in the grain productivity was obtained in the case with the combined use of both fertilizers by 13.1 g/l. This indicates a positive effect from the use of microbiological fertilizers in the barley cultivation technology.
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Iqbal, Mohammad, Ryta Mirna, and Elisa Susanti. "Organizational Capacity of Cianjur Main Rice Seeds Development." Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik 5, no. 1 (August 29, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v5i1.34240.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing number of people causes the need for food to increase so that the need for seed development so that food availability can be fulfilled this can be seen through the organizational capacity, especially in Cianjur, West Java, where this location is one of the areas in Indonesia that is used in efforts to develop parental rice seeds. The purpose of this research was to determine and analyze how the organizational capacity of developing Cianjur rice seeds was. The theory used in this research is Horton's theory of organizational capacity. This research uses qualitative research methods and is described descriptively. The results showed that the organizational capacity of the Cianjur Parental rice seed development organization still had problems such as limited resources, technology and budget, causing the program to be implemented could not be used optimally.
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Sathiyamoorthy, P., and S. Nakamura. "FREE-RADICAL-INDUCED LIPID PEROXIDATION IN SEEDS." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, no. 4 (May 13, 1995): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1995.10676616.
Full textAbstract:
From the practical standpoint, it is desirable to prolong the shelf life of seeds not only under optimum conditions of storage but also under suboptimal conditions. Production of radicals and their intermediates during storage of low or high lipid-containing seeds, and their relationship to seed aging is poorly understood. Reactions involving free radicals are an inherent feature of seed deterioration. Evidence suggests that degradation of lipids in deteriorating seeds, releasing free fatty acids, initiates oxidative deterioration by providing substrate for lipoxygenase. Membranes are primary targets of free radical attack. Recent studies showed that low-vigor embryos contained significantly higher levels of free radicals than high-vigor ones, while embryos from medium-vigor lots showed intermediate values. Pretreatment of seeds with an appropriate ratio of vitamin C to vitamin E may result in a synergistic defense response to oxidative lipid damage and, thus, may prevent seed deterioration to some extent. Indeed, knowledge of identification, isolation, cloning, and plant transformation of genes controlling unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in relation to lipid peroxidation (seed aging) will be an added advantage for post-harvest seed storage technology.
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Wang, Xuemeng, Han Zhang, Rui Song, Xin He, Peisheng Mao, and Shangang Jia. "Non-Destructive Identification of Naturally Aged Alfalfa Seeds via Multispectral Imaging Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 5804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175804.
Full textAbstract:
Seed aging detection and viable seed prediction are of great significance in alfalfa seed production, but traditional methods are disposable and destructive. Therefore, the establishment of a rapid and non-destructive seed screening method is necessary in seed industry and research. In this study, we used multispectral imaging technology to collect morphological features and spectral traits of aging alfalfa seeds with different storage years. Then, we employed five multivariate analysis methods, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), linear discrimination analysis (LDA), support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF) and normalized canonical discriminant analysis (nCDA) to predict aged and viable seeds. The results revealed that the mean light reflectance was significantly different at 450~690 nm between non-aged and aged seeds. LDA model held high accuracy (99.8~100.0%) in distinguishing aged seeds from non-aged seeds, higher than those of SVM (87.4~99.3%) and RF (84.6~99.3%). Furthermore, dead seeds could be distinguished from the aged seeds, with accuracies of 69.7%, 72.0% and 97.6% in RF, SVM and LDA, respectively. The accuracy of nCDA in predicting the germination of aged seeds ranged from 75.0% to 100.0%. In summary, we described a nondestructive, rapid and high-throughput approach to screen aged seeds with various viabilities in alfalfa.
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Jia, Sh, G. Liu, J. Jia, and T. Yang. "Development and Application of the Intelligent Seed Processing Technology and Equipment." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 15, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-4-24-28.
Full textAbstract:
Seed processing is an important link in the seed industry chain. Crop seed industry is a national strategic and basic core of industry. Drying, cleaning, selecting, grading, coating, packaging and storage of crop seeds are the main measures to realize the precision sowing of crops and the increase of grain yield and income. Continuously improving the intelligence and fi ne level of seed processing equipment is of great signifi cance to ensure the production and supply of excellent seeds and the stability of agricultural production. This paper describes the development status of modern seed processing equipment technology in China, introduces the establishment of seed processing equipment engineering technology research center, taking maize, rice, wheat and cotton seed processing technology and machinery as an example, describes the key technologies and technological process of the breakthrough in the major crop seed processing, analyzes the existing problems of seed processing equipment in China at this stage as well as the development trend in the future, provides a reference for government decision makers in resolving the problem of mechanical damage in the process of seed processing and further improving the intellectualization level of seed processing, promotes the common progress of the global seed processing equipment technology.
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Tay, David, Joseph Tychonievich, and Stephanie Burns. "(422) Application of X-Ray in Flower Seed Technology." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1022A—1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1022a.
Full textAbstract:
The Association of Official Seed Analysts adopted X-ray technology for testing agricultural and forest tree seeds in 1979. It has not been applied on flower seeds. To date, its use is still lacking, despite the relatively simple and nondestructive nature of the test. One of the reasons for the slow adoption is the lack of a simple X-ray unit that gives instant high resolution digital images. The Faxitron MX-20, a cabinet X-ray unit designed for high detail radiographic imaging of medical specimens, fulfills this need. The high magnification capacity of 1×, 1.5×, 2×, 3×, 4×, and 5×, and the low kilovoltage (kV) provide enhanced image performance with good quality contrast. The exposure time and X-ray tube kV can be selected to produce the best images. Its laser locator eases the positioning of a sample under examination accurately and the 2-× 4-inch field of view digital camera with 10 lp/mm resolution provides the instant high quality on-screen viewing of seed sample images. The most useful application at the Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center is not in seed testing as recommended for agricultural and tree seeds, but as a tool during seed cleaning to see in a matter of seconds whether empty, immature, insect-damaged, and broken seed have been removed. It has proven useful in Achillea, Alstroemeria, Aquilegia, Aruncus, Aster, Baptisia, Begonia, Campanula, Chrysanthemum, Coreopsis, Dianthus, Euphorbia, Geranium, Hemerocallis, Impatiens, Iris, Lilium, Lupin, Lysimachia, Narcissus, Pelargonium, Penstemon, Petunia, Phlox, Platycodon, Ranunculus, Rudbeckia, Salvia, Silene, Stokesia, Tagetes, Talinum, Verbena, Veronica, and Viola.
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Al-Dawoodi, R. M., and A. Ch Al-Fahad. "Vitality of Sorghum Seeds Effected by Storage Duration and Seeds Stimulation with Iron Nanoparticles." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 904, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/904/1/012069.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A laboratory experiment was carried out in the spring of 2021 at a Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Anbarto study the effect of sorghum seeds storage duration (1, 3 and 5 years)(Inqathcv.)and seeds stimulating with nano-iron fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) on the seed vitality and seedlings activity. Complete randomized design (CRD) was used with three replicates. The results showed that the seeds stored for one year and the seeds treated with a nano-iron at a 300 mg L-1as well as the interaction between them achieved the highest results in the percentage of germination at the first count, radicle length, plumule length and fresh and dry weight off seedling. It can be concluded that the increaseof the storage duration negatively affects the vitality and activity of sorghum seedlings, and that the nano-iron element improved the vitality of seeds and seedling activity and can reduce the harmful effect of storage.
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Rutzke, Corinne F. J., Alan G. Taylor, and Ralph L. Obendorf. "Influence of Aging, Oxygen, and Moisture on Ethanol Production from Cabbage Seeds." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, no. 1 (January 2008): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.1.158.
Full textAbstract:
A seed quality test developed by Kataki and Taylor (1997) measures the anaerobic-to-aerobic (ANA) ratio of ethanol production and the relationship of the ANA ratio index-to-seed quality has been tested in several species. To expand the usefulness of the ANA ratio index and to optimize the test conditions, a series of studies was performed using cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) seeds as a model. It was hypothesized that ethanol production in cabbage seeds would be influenced by aging treatment, hydration level, seed integrity (grinding), and oxygen availability. Cabbage seeds were subjected to controlled aging treatments (40 °C at 70% relative humidity for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d). Seed samples were incubated with a glucose (50 mm) potassium phosphate buffer (5 mm, pH 5.6) at 25 °C for 24 h (shorter than the time required for germination). The water concentration levels tested in the current study were 0.18, 0.22, 0.54, 0.80, 1.22, 1.86, 3.00, 5.67, and 10.0 g of H2O per gram of dry seeds. Ethanol production was measured in the supernatant of seed extracts using immobilized enzyme technology. The experiments were performed in ambient oxygen conditions and under nitrogen. Ethanol production was greater in aged than nonaged intact seeds at all water concentrations tested. Nonaged seeds under nitrogen had reduced ethanol production at ≤0.54 g of water per gram of seeds, indicating that low seed water concentration limited ethanol production. Nonaged seeds in ambient oxygen at ≥1.22 g of water per gram of seeds had elevated ethanol production, indicating that a hypoxic environment was created by excess seed water. Thus, a water concentration between these values is recommended for the ANA ratio index test for cabbage seeds. The opposite trend of lower ethanol production in aged than nonaged seeds was measured if seeds were ground before the hydration. Seed integrity experiments suggest that lower ethanol production observed in aged ground seeds may be attributed to hypoxia resulting from rapid hydration damage that results with loss of seed-coat integrity.
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Pain, Anup, Amit Kumar Basunia, Mahmudul Hasan Chowdhury, Md Mohimenul Islam, Mir Enamul Haque, and Ahmed Khairul Hasan. "Studies on the Quality and Health Status of T. Aman Rice Seeds Collected From Different Sources." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v9i2.61616.
Full textAbstract:
A laboratory experiment was carried out at the Professor GAF Seed Pathology Centre and Laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period of July 2018 to January 2019 to determine the effect of seed sources on quality and health status in some Transplanted Aman rice varieties in Bangladesh. Among the seed sources, the moisture content was recorded from 10.40% to 13.37%. In case of purity analysis of seed pure seed ranged from 39.23g to 39.94g. Germination test of rice seeds was recorded and the percentage of total number of germination ranged from 55.75% to 93.0%, normal seedling (51.50 % to 86.50%), abnormal seedling (4.75 % to 10.75%), fresh ingeminated seed (1.75% to15.0%), hard seed (0.0 % to 11.75%), dead seed (2.75% to 21.25%), respectively. Vigour index in the seed sources ranged from (1255.80 to 2089.86). In dry inspection test apparently healthy seeds (17.74gto 28.92g), spotted seeds (9.8g to 17.34g), deformed seeds (0.36g to 5.58g), discolored seeds (0.34g to 3.40g), inert mater (0.00g to 0.38g), insect damaged seeds (0.00g to 0.24g) and chaffy seeds (0.08 g to 1.14g) were recorded(2.75% to 21.25%), respectively. In the seed health study, seven species of fungi were recorded. In the seed health test Alternaria padwickii (1.25 % to 5.50%), Aspergilus niger (0.0% to 1.75%), Bipolaris oryzae (0.0% to 1.50%), Curvularia lunata (0.00% to 1.0%), Aspergillus flavus (0.00% to 1.25%), Penicillium sp. (0.00% to 1.50%) were recorded, respectively. Most of the farmers were failed to obtain the quality and good health status. In this study, BRRI dhan34 in farmer's seed recorded the highest performance in the seed sources and the lowest performance was recorded in BRRI dhan49 in farmer's seed. Among the seed sources BR22 of BADC seed (T8) performed the best in respect of seed quality and seed health.
Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 103-116
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Tah, Jagatpati. "An Effort for Producing Disease Free High Yielding F2 Grains from F1 Seeds Evolved through CMS Breeding Technology." Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000105.
Full textAbstract:
CMS A-lines (IR 58025 A) and KMR-3 as R- line were procured from the State Rice Research Station, Chin surah, Hooghly during December 2011. The seeds of A-line and R-line were sown in the seed bed at the research field of the Crop Research Farm (CRF) under The Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan on 18/12/2011 following anorms of CMS breeding technology. These seedlings were transplanted accordingly for raising F2 plant population. These F1 seeds were undertaken for F2 population which was observed critically during its growth and developmental phase till harvesting. These F1 seeds were sown in the seed bed maintaining three types of spacing. Five organic manure treatments viz. T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 were applied in the soil of each variety and spacing sub plot i.e total 30 sub plots were maintained following Randomized Block Design (RBD) in four replications. various metrical characters viz. No. of tillers, No. of total leaves, plant height, No. of tillers bearing inflorescence, total yield per bight were studied critically and recorded all the data carefully for further calculations, no disease occurrence was found in the field of F2 generations. The main aims and objectives of this experimentation were to study the yield attributes and disease free F2 seed from the hybrid F1 rice population evolved through CMS breeding technology.
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Tidemann, Breanne D., Linda M. Hall, K. Neil Harker, and Hugh J. Beckie. "Factors Affecting Weed Seed Devitalization with the Harrington Seed Destructor." Weed Science 65, no. 5 (July 24, 2017): 650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.23.
Full textAbstract:
The Harrington Seed Destructor (HSD), a novel weed control technology, has been highly effective in Australian cropping systems. To investigate its applicability to conditions in western Canada, stationary threshing was conducted to determine the impact of weed species, seed size, seed number, chaff load, and chaff type on efficacy of seed destruction. Control varied depending on species, with a range of 97.7% to 99.8%. Sieve-sized volunteer canola seed had a linear relationship of increasing control with increasing 1,000-seed weight. However, with greater than 98% control across all tested seed weights, it is unlikely that seed size alone will significantly influence control. Consistently high levels of control were observed at all tested seed densities (10 seeds to 1 million seeds). The response of weed seed control to chaff load was quadratic, but a narrow range of consistently high control (>97%) was again observed. Chaff type had a significant effect on weed seed control (98% to 98.6%); however, seed control values in canola chaff were likely confounded by a background presence of volunteer canola. Overall, the five parameters studied statistically influence control of weed seeds with the HSD. However, small differences between treatments are unlikely to affect the biological impact of the machine, which provides high levels of control for those weed seeds that can be introduced into the harvester.