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1
Russo, Lucio. Segmenti e bastoncini: Dove sta andando la scuola? Feltrinelli, 1998.
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2
United States. Internal Revenue Service. Market segment specialization program: MSSP-- revolutionizing the way IRS conducts its business! 2nd ed. Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1997.
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3
Form, William Humbert. Segmented labor, fractured politics: Labor politics in American life. Plenum Press, 1995.
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4
Bertuccelli, Fulvio, ed. Soggettività, identità nazionale, memorie. Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-668-2.
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Questo volume si propone di indagare le ragioni per cui in Turchia la memoria individuale e la costruzione della soggettività, intese in senso lato, debordino così spesso dai confini dell'individuo per inglobare le problematiche dell'identità nazionale. Le "scritture del sé", che siano confessioni, memorie, romanzi autobiografici e biografici, sono state scelte quali strumenti per giungere a comprendere i meccanismi di costruzione della memoria individuale e collettiva. Le problematiche relative alla costruzione della moderna nazione turca con i suoi eventi storici traumatici, gli approcci al tema della memoria da parte dei segmenti esclusi dal discorso dominante ed egemone, costituiscono i nuclei tematici centrali attorno a cui si sviluppa la riflessione degli autori.
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Mineva, Oksana, Elena Gadzhieva, Diana Smirnova, and Svetlana Arutyunyan. Management of social adaptation and motivation to the development of modern society. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1002556.
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The textbook is a systematic exposition of the issues associated with the management of social adaptation and motivation to the development of modern society. Discusses the current problems of adaptation for socially excluded segments of the population (migrants, persons living with HIV and their families, the disabled, families of prisoners and individuals released from places of imprisonment, etc.), the role of civil society, business and ordinary citizens in the process of socialization.
 Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
 For graduate students enrolled in the direction of preparation "personnel Management", faculty and graduate students of economic universities, students of retraining and advanced training of specialists and executives as well as entrepreneurs.
6
Tan, Lee. Buddhist Revitalization and Chinese Religions in Malaysia. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726436.
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Buddhist Revitalization and Chinese Religions in Malaysia tells the story of how a minority community comes to grips with the challenges of modernity, history, globalization, and cultural assertion in an ever-changing Malaysia. It captures the religious connection, transformation, and tension within a complex traditional belief system in a multi-religious society. In particular, the book revolves around a discussion on the religious revitalization of Chinese Buddhism in modern Malaysia. This Buddhist revitalization movement is intertwined with various forces, such as colonialism, religious transnationalism, and global capitalism. Reformist Buddhists have helped to remake Malaysia’s urban-dwelling Chinese community and have provided an exit option in the Malay and Muslim majority nation state. As Malaysia modernizes, there have been increasing efforts by certain segments of the country’s ethnic Chinese Buddhist population to separate Buddhism from popular Chinese religions. Nevertheless, these reformist groups face counterforces from traditional Chinese religionists within the context of the cultural complexity of the Chinese belief system.
7
Oude Nijhuis, Dennie. Religion, Class, and the Postwar Development of the Dutch Welfare State. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986411.
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This book examines how the Netherlands managed to create and maintain one of the world’s most generous and inclusive welfare systems despite having been dominated by Christian-democratic or ŸconservativeŒ, rather than socialist dominated governments, for most of the post-war period. It emphasizes that such systems have strong consequences for the distribution of income and risk among different segments of society and argues that they could consequently only emerge in countries where middle class groups were unable to utilize their key electoral and strong labor market position to mobilize against the adverse consequences of redistribution for them. By illustrating their key role in the coming about of solidaristic welfare reform in the Netherlands, the book also offers a novel view of the roles of Christian-democracy and the labor union movement in the development of modern welfare states. By highlighting how welfare reform contributed to the employment miracle of the 1990s, the book sheds new light on how countries are able to combine high levels of welfare generosity and solidarity with successful macro-economic performance.
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Afanas'ev, Mihail, Mihail Bendikov, and Stanislav Korunov. Fundamentals of the economy of space activities. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018193.
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The textbook describes in detail the classification of space goods and services, the segments and sectors of the global space market, the development prospects and the positioning of Russian enterprises in them. The methodological feature of the course consists in new approaches to the segmentation of the market and areas of space activities, identifying their deep relationships with the space industry. The practical side of the course is aimed at studying the methodology and practice of space project management, space pricing, organization of placement and execution of space government orders, and market analytics. The tutorial contains test questions for each chapter, test tasks, and a wide selection of topics for course design. The subject of the course papers is related to the specific activities of the enterprises of the space industry. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for third-year undergraduate and graduate students specializing in the field of training 38.03.01 and 38.04.01 "Economics" in the specialties "Economics of Space activities", "Economics of high-tech industries".
9
Andò, Valeria. Euripide, Ifigenia in Aulide. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-513-1.
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This volume contains the first Italian critical edition with introduction, translation and commentary of Euripides’ Iphigenia in Aulis. The tragedy, exhibited posthumously in 405 BCE, stages the first mythical segment of the Trojan War, namely the sacrifice of Iphigenia, daughter of king Agamemnon, head of the Greek army, in order to propitiate the winds that should lead the navy to Troy. A tragedy of intrigue and unveiling, in which all the characters try to oppose the sacrifice, judged to be an impiety despite its sacred essence. It is therefore a tragedy without gods, in which characters of modest moral stature move, unstable, ready to sudden changes of mind, and among whom the protagonist stands out: the girl who, having overcome the dismay for the destiny awaiting her, voluntarily moves towards death on the altar, for a flimsy patriotic ideal and with the illusion of achieving immortal glory. Since the end of the eighteenth century, the text of this tragedy, handed over to us by the manuscript tradition, has been exposed more than others to a rigorous philological criticism that has broken its unity, through considerable expunctions of entire sections and sequences of verses. The volume traces the phases of this critical work, showing its methods – and sometimes its excesses – and choosing a balance line in the constitution of the text. The overall exegesis of the tragedy, which I propose in this study, consists in the belief that, despite the exodus being spurious, the finale, in view of which the entire dramaturgy was composed, still had to contemplate Iphigenia’s salvation. In fact, if the Panhellenic ideal of defence against the barbarians is now meaningless, and if a war of destruction, to begin with, needs the death of an innocent person, then this death must be transcended and the horror of human sacrifice must dissolve. It therefore seems that, once political current events become opaque, the poet’s research tends to create situations of great patheticism in an aesthetic setting of refined beauty.
10
Market segment specialization program: Construction industry. Internal Revenue Service, 1998.
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11
Martins, Pedro. Messiânicos & bandoleiros: Identidade, memória e apropriação da terra em um grupo remanescente do Contestado. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-031-1.
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This book presents different approaches of research and participant observation in a rural ethnic group which remained after the "Contestado Movement" (Contestado War). The group is currently settled in the Itajai Valley region (in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil). The text discusses the process of systematic observation which took place over more than 30 years of contact with the group. The focus in on how this group was formed before the Contestado War, in order to provide a plausible narrative about its path and history over the span of roughly 150 years. As a connecting thread, the narrative follows the already published theory that one could distinguish two segments with different characteristics within the Contestado's rebel population. In the first segment were the devouts of Saint Joao Maria, here referred to as "messianics" (messianicos). The second segment consisted of many human types willing to fight for survival and for different religious beliefs in a state of war. This second group is referred to in the literature as "bandits" (bandoleiros). Besides that, after the war, rebel caboclos (messianicos and bandoleiros) and cablocos who supported the Brazilian government's repression (vaqueanos) continued coexisting in different ways. These characteristics still currently impact the group and intrigue the observers.
12
Kiselev, Sergey. COMBATING CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC SERVICE: FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1545.978-5-317-06485-3.
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The monograph by S.G. Kiselev, doctor of philosophical sciences, professor of the Moscow state linguistic University, professor of the Russian Academy of national economy and public administration under the President of the Russian Federation is devoted to the analysis of the anti-corruption segment of the legal status of a civil servant of the Russian Federation, its content, prospects for improvement and role in the fi against corruption in the public service.
13
Form, William. Segmented Labor, Fractured Politics: Labor Politics in American Life. Springer, 2013.
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14
Form, William. Segmented Labor, Fractured Politics: Labor Politics in American Life. Springer, 2013.
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15
Rine, P. Jesse. Evangelical Higher Education. Edited by Michael D. Waggoner and Nathan C. Walker. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199386819.013.27.
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Although they represent a relatively small segment of the private nonprofit postsecondary sector, evangelical colleges and universities carry on the educational legacy of America’s earliest institutions of higher education. The evangelical segment is a rich tapestry woven from multiple dimensions of institutional diversity. This chapter first explores the historical development of these institutions, their philosophical and religious commitments, and their organizational structures and campus ethos. Attention then turns to contemporary forms of evangelical higher education and distinguishing institutional features such as denominational status, confessional and behavioral membership requirements, and the curricular orientation and delivery format of the academic program. The chapter concludes with a discussion of contemporary challenges to the future of evangelical higher education. These include concerns related to fiscal health, faculty recruitment, and curricular direction.
16
Division, Oregon Rail, HDR Engineering, Centennial Engineering Inc, and John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)., eds. Pacific Northwest Rail Corridor, Oregon segment: Passenger rail operating/ capital facilities plan and preliminary environmental analysis. Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Rail Division, 2000.
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17
Reed, Christopher Robert. “The Whirl of Life” The Social Structure. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036231.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the intricacies of the first discernible class structure that conformed to normative standards of socioeconomic status in Chicago's history. Black Chicago developed a very small but distinguishable upper class, large segments within the broad middle classes, enormous laboring classes including industrial and service sector workers, and an underclass. The members of the upper class owned and managed businesses, chose housing commensurate with their status, consumed their disposable income with conspicuous delight, engaged in civic activities, and socially acted as a group apart from other segments of their racial cohort to which they traditionally held their primary social allegiance. The middle class focused on occupation, wealth production, educational attainment, cultural interests, and character. The working-class, however, formed the bulk of black Chicago's citizenry.
18
Helleiner, Eric. Positioning for Stronger Limits? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864576.003.0008.
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Although commodity derivatives are a small segment of the overall global derivatives markets, their regulation attracted more public attention than any other single issue on the post-2008 derivatives reform agenda. The goal of regulatory reform in this sector in the United States, European Union, and G20 went beyond that of bolstering of transparency and resilience to include the more market-constraining objective of strengthening “position limits” that set a ceiling on the number of contracts that traders are allowed to hold. The initiatives to strengthen position limits after 2008 demonstrated the importance of a complex interplay of domestic, inter-state, and transnational political dynamics in shaping regulatory trends. Reform initiatives in this sector also highlighted some unexpectedly long delays and inconsistencies in the implementation of reforms.
19
Brown, Heath. Immigrants and Electoral Politics. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501704833.001.0001.
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This book addresses an important set of questions about the current state and future trajectory of U.S. politics in the midst of increasing racial and ethnic diversity. The book's analysis of voting behavior among the newest segment of the American electorate is especially timely. This book captures the reader's attention not only for the importance of the questions at stake but because of the book's perspective in considering in detail immigrant-serving nonprofit organizations and their role in electoral politics.
20
Ness, Immanuel. India’s Global and Internal Labor Migration and Resistance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036279.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the emergence of India as a labor-export economy through assessing the warped development of the country in its effort to create a mobile labor force in all segments of the economy. Though most observers have analyzed the dramatic growth of the high technology and business service guest workers on a world scale, India seeks to export workers in all skill and wage segments, from low-wage construction, trucking, and service laborers in the Arab gulf states to high technology and business services workers in advanced capitalist countries. The chapter examines two case studies of the outcome of new migration patterns in South Asia (India), examining the high-technology enclave of Hyderabad—viewed by many corporate leaders in the North as a model for the future workplace.
21
Maull, Hanns W., ed. The Rise and Decline of the Post-Cold War International Order. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828945.001.0001.
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This books surveys the evolution of the international order in the quarter century since the end of the Cold War through the prism of developments in key regional and functional parts of this “liberal international order 2.0” (LIO 2.0) and the roles played by two key ordering powers, the United States and the People’s Republic of China. Among the partial orders analyzed in the individual chapters are the regions of Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia and the international regimes dealing with international trade, climate change, nuclear weapons, cyberspace, and international public health emergencies, such as SARS and Zika. To assess developments in these various segments of the LIO 2.0, and to relate them to developments in the two other crucial levels of political order, order within nation-states and at the global level, the volume develops a comprehensive, integrated framework of analysis that allows systematic comparison of developments across boundaries between segments and different levels of the international order. Using this framework, the book presents a holistic assessment of the trajectory of the international order over the last decades, the rise, decline, and demise of the LIO 2.0, and causes of the dangerous erosion of international order over the last decade.
22
Duffy, Brooke Erin. Rethinking Readership. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037962.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how the transformations associated with digitization are reshaping the ways in which publishers of women's magazines think about readership by focusing on their constructions of audiences. Editors and publishers of women's magazines have long targeted narrowly defined segments of the female populace based upon demographic factors (age, household income, marital status, educational level, and sometimes even race) as well as lifestyle traits and behaviors. They draw upon surveys and other measurement techniques to understand these segments and craft detailed profiles of their “ideal reader.” This chapter considers women's magazines' shape-shifting approaches to audiences, particularly between producers for the print and digital products. It discusses the magazine industry's progress in terms of providing advertisers with more precise and timely audience metrics, as well as magazines' understanding of audience demographics. It also explores recent developments in online tracking and consumer analytics and how they have inspired a new series of approaches to researching media audiences, including search engine optimization, content syndication and aggregation, and web traffic generation.
23
National Council on Compensation Insurance., ed. A regional segment of Workers compensation claim characteristics series: The most comprehensive, up-to-date body of statistics and top-line narratives available on workers compensation injuries and costs. National Council on Compensation Insurance, 1996.
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24
Joshua, Castellino, and Cavanaugh Kathleen A. 3 Minority Identities in the Middle East: Ethno-national and Other Minorities. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679492.003.0003.
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Although religion and ethnicity are the primary categories under which we examine minority communities, this chapter adds three additional categories: majoritarian minorities, political minorities, and trapped minorities. Majoritarian majorities are those who are numerically larger but excluded from sites of power, e.g. the Shi?a in Bahrain. Relative size distinguishes what we refer to as political minorities. Like ‘majoritarian’ groups, political minorities are excluded from power but are also a minority in terms of relative numbers; these include Shi?a in Saudi Arabia and Sunnis in Iran. ‘Trapped’ minorities, distinct from ethno-national minorities, are defined as a segment from a larger group spread across two or more states and marginalized, or as we discuss in the case of Palestinian-Israelis, doubly marginalized, subject to hegemonic control by others within these states and, as such, excluded from access to sociopolitical and economic decision-making institutions. In addition to Israeli Arabs, we include Palestinians, Baluchis, and Kurds in this category.
25
HP, Lee. 7 The Islamization Phenomenon: The New Constitutional Battlefront. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755999.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the phenomenon of Islamization in Malaysia. The hallmark of Islamism is its ‘quintessentially political agenda’ involving ‘the politicization of Islam through the aligning of structures of governance and society with Islamic strictures’. In contemporary Malaysia, Islamization puts into the spotlight the reconciliation of this phenomenon with the Malaysian Constitution, which was crafted as a governing instrument for a multiracial, multilingual, and multireligious society. The general unease of the non-Muslim segment of Malaysian society was aggravated by a highly publicized pronouncement of Prime Minister Mahathir, on 29 September 2001, that Malaysia was already an Islamic State. The remainder of the chapter discusses controversial episodes that have engendered concern over the Islamization phenomenon and its significance for constitutionalism in Malaysia.
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Brennan, Eileen, Julie Rosenzweig, Pauline Jivanjee, and Lisa M. Stewart. Challenges and Supports for Employed Parents of Children and Youth with Special Needs. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.14.
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Parents raising children and youth with special needs due to disability or compromised physical or mental health often find the exceptional care they provide results in caregiver strain and competes with workforce engagement. When parents disclose their family members’ special needs and care demands to obtain support, they can also face workplace stigma. This chapter maps research on family care demands onto studies of available family support, workplace support, and community support that may mitigate challenges and improve employment trajectories. Additionally, a cross-national comparison reveals that policy supports for parents providing exceptional care are fragmented at best in three countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Finally, the chapter proposes systematic investigations that can uncover shifts in policy and practice with the potential to improve employment outcomes for this substantial segment of the workforce.
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Ben-Shalom, Ram. Medieval Jewry In Christendom. Edited by Martin Goodman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199280322.013.0008.
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This article begins in the early Middle Ages, and specifically addresses questions concerning the economic and political situation of Jewry in Western Europe. The period of the high Middle Ages follows, with a focus on developments in community life and the character of Jewish society. The discussion considers the Jewish foundation myths that were born in the twelfth century in an attempt to explain and interpret the social and cultural changes of the time. It examines the nature of the interaction and the form of discourse that characterized the medieval relations between a Christian majority and a Jewish minority culture. It also describes the legal status of the Jews in Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The article also discusses Jewish life in Spain, since, for a significant segment of the period under study, Spain was under Muslim rule.
28
Tarzi, Amin. Islam, Shari‘a, and State Building under ‘Abd al-Rahman Khan. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294134.003.0007.
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The modern state of Afghanistan came into being in the last two decades of the nineteenth century as a buffer between the British and Russian empires in Asia. While the concept of maintenance of a buffer-state was part of the British policy to protect India, the Afghan ruler ‘Abd al-Rahman Khan was not an inactive pawn in the imperial strategies. This chapter reviews the Afghan amir’s state-building efforts and his imposition of governance into hitherto independent or semi-independent tribal territories. He centralized his authority through a process justified by Islamization, namely by the dispensation of Islamic justice. The chapter briefly touches on the effects of the amir’s policies on various segments of the Afghan population such as religious minorities and women as well as on customary laws prevalent in the country.
29
Curtis, Heather D. ‘There are no Secular Events’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798071.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how American Evangelicals have employed popular media to maintain and augment their vitality in the United States during a supposedly secular age. By focusing on the story of the Christian Herald, an evangelical newspaper that greatly expanded its circulation and influence during the 1890s, it elucidates the innovative strategies publishers adopted to attract and retain the attention of a significant segment of the American Protestant public. By embracing ground-breaking printing and photographic technologies, novel approaches to popular journalism, and modern advertising techniques, the Christian Herald became the most successful religious newspaper in the world within a decade, a position it held throughout most of the twentieth century. Analysing these enterprising methods alongside the distinctive messages about American exceptionalism that the Christian Herald communicated in its columns also helps to explain why evangelicalism has continued to flourish in the USA in comparison to the UK or Europe.
30
Beer, Yishai. Lawful War of Self-Defense. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881146.003.0003.
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This chapter deals with the application of the suggested professionalism criterion in the other segment of the law, the ad bellum sphere. An unresolved legal issue in the self-defense context concerns its timing: When can a self-defendant state be proactive in its defense and strike preemptively? On the assumption that a self-defendant is not obliged to remain a sitting duck when confronted by an imminent threat against it, this chapter suggests that the criterion to be used in defining the legal-timing threshold, vindicating the right of self-defense, be taken from the toolbox of military professionalism. It should be the last reasonable point, according to the self-defendant’s military circumstances, at which it can, according to its military doctrine, successfully face the aggressor’s threat and still operationally defend itself—including, when necessary, by taking the initiative in its own self-defense.
31
Richmond, Oliver P., and Gëzim Visoka, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation offers an authoritative and comprehensive overview of peacebuilding, statebuilding, and peace formation. With contributions from over thirty distinguished and leading scholars, the Handbook provides a timely, engaging, and critical overview of conceptual foundations, political implications, and tensions at the global, regional, and local levels. It examines the key policies, practices, examples, and discourses underlining various segments of peacebuilding, statebuilding, and peace formation both as discursive formulations and as policy practices. Organized around four major thematic sections, the Handbook offers a state-of-the-art synthesis of the most pressing contemporary peace and conflict issues and charts new pathways for responding to transnational insecurities.
32
Majumdar, Sumit K. India’s Mixed Economy Experiments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0005.
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This chapter describes the evolution of India’s industrial structure. Unlike industrialization carried out through large state-owned firms, or industrialization through a cadre of large private corporations, or industrialization through a network of small firms, many alternative organizational dynamics play simultaneously in the Indian system. The system consists of many private businesses that constitute the large-scale industrial sector. Policies were put in place to develop the molecular economy and to develop State-owned firms investing in large-scale units. These policies led to the emergence of important and dynamic segments making up India’s heterogeneous model of capitalism. Each has been in coexistence with the other and added variety to the economy. In the quest for economic progress, if Indian society was to be industrialized, modernized, autonomous, self-reliant, able to defend itself, and an independent center of economic power, State-directed industrialization was realized as a key solution for national development.
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Bergman, Marcelo, and Sven H. Steinmo. Taxation and Consent. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0012.
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This policy-oriented chapter draws specific lessons from the historical narratives of previous chapters that should be of interest to tax policymakers and policy activists in developing nations today. The chapter attempts to answer the “So What?” question by drawing on the historical analyses of previous chapters. The chapter highlights what has worked well in different countries and the tax policies that have been less successful at generating taxpayer consent. It also examines why some policies have been less successful over time in different countries. It argues that states which have been most successful in generating high levels of compliance (1) develop strong administrative capacities, (2) treat taxpayers equitably, (3) generate a common sense of purpose or identity, and (4) do not discriminate in favor or against specific segments of society.
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Finkelstein, Claire. The Equality of Combatants in Asymmetric War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796176.003.0011.
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This chapter considers the relationship between the principle of distinction and the idea that combatants are “morally equal” on the battlefield. This relationship is of particular interest, as well as complexity, in so-called asymmetric warfare, namely warfare between traditional state actors and non-state actors such as ISIS or al-Qaeda. It argues that an essential concept for understanding the moral equality principle is that of role responsibility. The notion of role responsibility, where it applies, has the effect of isolating the rights and duties that pertain to the actor from other segments of morality and enables morality to be discontinuous across its various domains. The result is that two principles of right may conflict with one another across the various domains to which they apply. This explains how a combatant can be on the wrong side of a conflict and yet have the right to kill an opposing combatant in war. The idea is challenging to extend to asymmetric war.
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Peterson, Jason A. Full Court Press. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496808202.001.0001.
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During the civil rights era, Mississippi was cloaked in the hateful embrace of the Closed Society, historian James Silver’s description of the white caste system that enforced segregation and promoted the subservient treatment of blacks. Surprisingly, challenges from Mississippi’s college basketball courts brought into question the validity of the Closed Society and its unwritten law, a gentleman’s agreement that prevented college teams in the Magnolia State from playing against integrated foes. Mississippi State University was at the forefront of the battle for equality in the state with the school’s successful college basketball program. From 1959 through 1963, the Maroons won four Southeastern Conference basketball championships and created a championship dynasty in the South’s preeminent college athletic conference. However, in all four title-winning seasons, the press feverishly debated the merits of an NCAA appearance for the Maroons, culminating in Mississippi State University’s participation in the integrated 1963 National Collegiate Athletic Association’s National Championship basketball tournament. Full Court Press examines news articles, editorials, and columns published in Mississippi’s newspapers during the eight-year existence of the gentleman’s agreement, the challenges posed by Mississippi State University, and the subsequent integration of college basketball within the state. While the majority of reporters opposed any effort to integrate athletics, a segment of sports journalists, led by the charismatic Jimmie McDowell of the Jackson State Times, emerged as bold and progressive advocates for equality. Full Court Press highlights an ideological metamorphosis within the press during the Civil Rights Movement, slowly transforming from an organ that minimized the rights of blacks to an industry that weighted the plight of blacks on equal footing with their white brethren.
36
Bose, Purnima. Without Osama. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038860.003.0008.
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Tere Bin Laden (2010), an Indian independent film in Hindi, written and directed by Abhishek Sharma, is a madcap comedy about an ambitious Pakistani journalist, Ali Hassan, who stages a fake video of Osama bin Laden as his golden ticket to immigrate to the United States. The film provides a trenchant critique of global media, the War on Terror, and the capitalist aspirations of lower-middle and middle-class Pakistanis. This chapter focuses on how Tere Bin Laden articulates a critique of the War on Terror. It first considers how the opening segments of the film set up its dual concerns with the nature of the U.S. national security state as a racial formation and with an idealized version of the American dream that constitutes the desire for upward mobility in the imagination of elite Pakistanis such as Ali. It then turns to the film's representation of the War on Terror and U.S. foreign policy to analyze how it draws on the speeches of the actual Osama bin Laden and spoofs the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan by literally rendering it into a cartoon. Evaluating the filmmaker's and lead actor's claims that the film provides a generalized South Asian perspective on the War on Terror, the chapter explores Tere Bin Laden's representation of Pakistani civil society as constituted by a range of classes and aspirations that can be persuaded to cooperate with one another only in limited ways and as existing in an uneasy equilibrium with the state.
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Daniel, Yvonne. Creole Dances in National Rhythms. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036538.003.0004.
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This chapter examines social dances that display national dance formation and how they rise to national status in one country, while other nations identify only one dance for hundreds of years. It first considers examples of Creole dances that have become synonymous with island identity, such as Jamaican reggae, Trinidadian calypso, Dominican merengue, and French Caribbean zouk. It then explores the Cuban dance matrix and its various segments, including Native American dance, Spanish dance, African dance, and Haitian dance. It also traces the development of Cuba's national dances, focusing on danzón, son, and rumba and suggests that national dance depends on relevance to historical conditions, which class/group is in power, and the pertinent cultural values that are encapsulated within dance movement. The chapter concludes by noting how Caribbean dances surface toward the national level, match national concerns, and become attached to the national imagination.
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Franco, Caroline Sant’Ana, Frederica Richter, Letícia Soster Arrosi, and Rafael Niebuhr Maia de Oliveira. Coletânea Direito da Moda. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-065-6.
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This book is a collection of articles, prepared for the 1st State Congress of Fashion Law in Santa Catarina, which took place in Brusque / SC in 2019. There are several topics addressed by the authors, since the Law of Fashion covers all spheres of law. Law and fashion are social elements, both linked to the Economy and the Market, where intellectual property has a strong presence. But, it is not only the intellectual property that should be known by the lawyer who seeks to act and research this segment. Fashion Law covers several spheres of law, which in this market are well intertwined, as you can study in this work. You will have contact with topics of intellectual property, contracts, Labor Law, among others, in order to be able to make a small immersion in the matter, whose view is always the fashion industry, one of the most powerful economic and market spheres today. Obviously, there will be subjects that you will prefer, however, an analysis of all of them in this collection will provide you with a broadening of horizons and a journey through the world of fashion law. Good reading!
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Graf, David F. The Silk Road between Syria and China. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.003.0015.
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This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the archaeological and written evidence for the so-called Silk Roads and the development of trade along them between the second century BC and the end of the Han dynasty in the early second century AD. The Silk Road trade at the Chinese end originated epiphenomenally on the practice of state tribute and diplomatic embassies, as tribute in kind and diplomatic gifts were resold by their enterprising recipients. As trade developed along the routes westwards and gained its own momentum, its value was harnessed by the state in the form of heavy customs dues. Rather than a coordinated route utilized by merchants travelling the length of the terrain between China and Rome, the picture emerging is that of segmented trade involving various merchants.
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Heath, Deana. Colonial Terror. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893932.001.0001.
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Focusing on India between the early nineteenth century and the First World War, Colonial Terror explores the centrality of the torture of Indian bodies to the law-preserving violence of colonial rule—of some of the ways in which, in other words, extraordinary violence was embedded in the ordinary operation of colonial states. Although enacted largely by Indians on Indian bodies, particularly by subaltern members of the police, the book argues that torture was facilitated, systematized, and ultimately sanctioned by first the East India Company and then the Raj because it benefitted the colonial regime, since rendering the police a source of terror played a key role in the construction and maintenance of state sovereignty. Drawing upon the work of both Giorgio Agamben and Michel Foucault, Colonial Terror contends, furthermore, that it is only possible to understand the terrorizing nature of the colonial police in India by viewing colonial India as a ‘regime of exception’ in which two different forms, or levels, of exceptionality were in operation, one wrought through the exclusion of particular groups or segments of the Indian population from the law and the other by ‘petty sovereigns’ in their enactment of illegal violence in the operation of the law. It was in such fertile ground, in which colonial subjects were both included within the domain of colonial law while also being abandoned by it, that torture was able to flourish.
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Lafer, Gordon. The One Percent Solution. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501703065.001.0001.
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In the aftermath of the 2010 Citizens United decision, it's become commonplace to note the growing political dominance of a small segment of the economic elite. But what exactly are those members of the elite doing with their newfound influence? This book presents an account of legislation promoted by the US's biggest corporate lobbies across all fifty state legislatures and encompassing a wide range of labor and economic policies. In an era of growing economic insecurity, it turns out that one of the main reasons life is becoming harder for American workers is a relentless—and concerted—offensive by the country's best-funded and most powerful political forces: corporate lobbies empowered by the Supreme Court to influence legislative outcomes with an endless supply of cash. These actors have successfully championed hundreds of new laws that lower wages, eliminate paid sick leave, undo the right to sue over job discrimination, and cut essential public services. The book shows how corporate strategies have been shaped by twenty-first-century conditions—including globalization, economic decline, and the populism reflected in both the Trump and Sanders campaigns of 2016. Perhaps most important, the book shows that the corporate legislative agenda has come to endanger the scope of democracy itself.
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Rosenmeyer, Patricia A. The Language of Ruins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626310.001.0001.
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A colossal statue, originally built to honor an ancient pharaoh, still stands in Egyptian Thebes. Damaged by an earthquake, and re-identified as the Homeric hero Memnon, it was believed to “speak” regularly at daybreak. By the middle of the first century CE, the colossus had become a popular site for sacred tourism; visitors flocked to hear the miraculous sound, leaving behind over one hundred Greek and Latin inscriptions. These inscriptions are varied and diverse: brief acknowledgments of having heard Memnon’s voice; longer lists by Roman administrators including details of personal accomplishments; and elaborate elegiac poems by both amateurs and professionals. The inscribed names reveal the presence of emperors and soldiers, provincial governors and businessmen, elite women and military wives, and families with children. This study is the first complete assessment of all the inscriptions considered in their social, cultural, and historical context. The Memnon colossus functioned as a powerful site of engagement with the Greek past for a broad segment of society. The inscriptions shed light on attitudes toward sacred tourism, the role of Egypt in the Greco-Roman imagination, and Homer’s cultural legacy in the imperial era. Visitors sought a “close encounter” with this ghost from the Homeric past anchored in the Egyptian present. Their inscriptions idealize Greece by echoing archaic literature at the same time as they reflect their own historical horizon. While Memnon’s voice falls silent by the end of the second century CE, the statue finds new worshippers among Romantic poets in nineteenth-century Europe.
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Zürn, Michael. Normative Principles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819974.003.0002.
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The global governance system rests on three normative principles, each of which qualifies the Westphalian principle of sovereignty. The first questions the implicit notion that all political communities are territorially segmented by highlighting the notion of common goods that need to be achieved together. The second questions the idea that political authorities are absolute by noting the rights of individuals and entitlements of non-state actors that they have independent of being members of a state. The third principle questions the notion that there are no authorities other than the state by mooting the possibility of international authority. This chapter discusses these normative principles and their “empirical appropriateness.” In using the method of rational reconstruction, it is shown that the assumptions of a global governance system seem to be better suited to understand world politics in the twenty-first century than the notion of an anarchic international system or an international society.
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Ehrenhofer, Lara, Adam C. Roberts, Sandra Kotzor, Allison Wetterlin, and Aditi Lahiri. Asymmetric processing of consonant duration in Swiss German. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0010.
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In Swiss German, which encodes a phonological contrast in consonant length, consonant duration signals the segment’s geminate status and, in medial position, indicates the word’s syllable structure. The present work investigates the interaction between these aspects of durational processing using the N400, an electrophysiological component which offers a fine-grained measure of the success of lexical access. A cross-modal semantic priming ERP study tested to what extent words with medial consonants whose duration had been phonetically lengthened or shortened (leading to an incorrect syllable structure) trigger lexical access. Behavioural and ERP results revealed a processing asymmetry: lengthening a singleton does not negatively impact lexical access, but shortening a geminate does. This asymmetry supports an underspecification account of the geminate/singleton contrast, and may indicate a bias towards initially parsing acoustic input according to a CV template.
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Herrington, William G., Aron Chakera, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Nephrotic syndrome. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0161.
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Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome of heavy proteinuria (greater than 3.5 g per 24 hours), oedema, and hypoalbuminaemia, which is associated with hyperlipidaemia and a procoagulant state. Causes of nephrotic syndrome are traditionally classified by their histopathological descriptions. In most cases, the histological picture can have a primary (idiopathic) or secondary cause. Minimal change, membranous nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis account for over 60% of cases. Diabetic nephropathy and renal amyloidosis are common secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic-range proteinuria will show up as at least 3+ protein on urinalysis. The diagnosis is confirmed by a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio over 300 mg/mmol, and hypalbuminaemia. In adults, renal biopsy is the diagnostic test. This chapter addresses the causes, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome in adults.
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Freer, Courtney. Education and Influence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190861995.003.0004.
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This chapter, the first featuring original empirical data, covers the foundational periods of Brotherhood branches in the Gulf, ranging from the 1951 establishment of the Kuwaiti Muslim Brotherhood to the 1975 creation of the Qatari Ikhwan. The chapter carefully examines the agendas of these groups and traces the degree of popular support they received in their initial years. It highlights in particular the role Brotherhood groups played in developing the education sectors of the smaller Gulf states in their early years. It also critically demonstrates that, though they share similar demographic, economic, and political profiles, Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE house different types of Brotherhood movements. The Kuwaiti Ikhwan managed to use its social standing to become a major political force, while the Qatari Brotherhood never expanded beyond the social sector. Meanwhile, the Emirati Brotherhood remained somewhat segmented, despite initially enjoying a solid relationship with the ruling elite.
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Saleh, Fabian M., Albert J. Grudzinskas, and H. Martin Malin. Treatment of incarcerated sex offenders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0059.
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Sex offenders are incarcerated in substantial numbers for a variety of non-violent and violent crimes, with or without diagnoses of paraphilias. The treatment of sex offenders in correctional contexts is arguably one of the most challenging undertakings for psychiatrists. Sex offenders comprise a highly stigmatized population that typically engenders intense negative feelings in both the professional and lay communities. The growing number of sex offenses in recent years has had a profound impact on public perception. In 2012, the latest year for which comprehensive data have been compiled, there were 73,080 incidents of sex ‘crimes against persons’ in the United States involving 79,625 individual victims and individual 76,927 offenders. The potential contributions of psychiatry to sex offender management span a considerable segment of the patient’s life: from post-arrest evaluation and emergent care, through adjudication in the courts, incarceration, possible civil commitment, and supervised release. Nevertheless, psychiatrists, as physicians and healers, bring much needed medical expertise to the discussion. Foremost is the ability of psychiatry to demonstrate that sex offenders are a heterogeneous population. Further, a rational, effective, and humane approach to the social problem of sex offending depends upon accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment approaches to the offender. Psychiatrists can also inform the ongoing debate about competency, dangerousness, the appropriateness of civil commitment, life-long sex offender registration, compulsory medication and other medically relevant issues in sex offender management. This chapter reviews the nosology, assessment, diagnosis, best and evidence-based practice issues relevant to the care of convicted sex offenders in correctional settings.
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Berger, David. Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference. Liverpool University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113751.001.0001.
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The focus of this book is the messianic trend in Lubavitch hasidism. It demonstrates how hasidim who affirm the dead Rebbe's messiahship have abandoned one of Judaism's core beliefs in favour of adherence to the doctrine of a second coming. At the same time, it decries the equanimity with which the standard-bearers of Orthodoxy have granted legitimacy to this development by continuing to recognize such believers as Orthodox Jews in good standing. This abandonment of the age-old Jewish resistance to a quintessentially Christian belief is a development of striking importance for the history of religions and an earthquake in the history of Judaism. The book chronicles the unfolding of this development. It argues that a large number, almost certainly a substantial majority, of Lubavitch hasidim believe in the Rebbe's messiahship; a significant segment, including educators in the central institutions of the movement, maintain a theology that goes beyond posthumous messianism to the affirmation that the Rebbe is pure divinity. While many Jews see Lubavitch as a marginal phenomenon, its influence is in fact growing at a remarkable rate. The book analyses the boundaries of Judaism's messianic faith and its conception of God. It assesses the threat posed by the messianists of Lubavitch and points to the consequences, ranging from undermining a fundamental argument against the Christian mission to calling into question the kosher status of many foods and ritual objects prepared under Lubavitch supervision. Finally, it proposes a strategy to protect authentic Judaism from this assault.
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Fredericks, Sarah E. Environmental Guilt and Shame. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842699.001.0001.
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Bloggers confessing that they waste food, nongovernmental organizations naming corporations selling unsustainably harvested seafood, and veterans apologizing to Native Americans at the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation for environmental and social devastation caused by the United States government all signal the existence of action-oriented guilt and identity-oriented shame about participation in environmental degradation. Environmental Guilt and Shame demonstrates that these moral emotions are common among environmentally friendly segments of the United States but have received little attention from environmental ethicists though they can catalyze or hinder environmental action. Concern about environmental guilt and shame among “everyday environmentalists” reveals the practical, emotional, ethical, and existential issues raised by environmental guilt and shame and ethical insights about guilt, shame, responsibility, agency, and identity. A typology of guilt and shame enables the development and evaluation of these ethical insights. Environmental Guilt and Shame makes three major claims: First, individuals and collectives, including the diffuse collectives that cause climate change, can have identity, agency, and responsibility and thus guilt and shame. Second, some agents, including collectives, should feel guilt and/or shame for environmental degradation if they hold environmental values and think that their actions shape and reveal their identity. Third, a number of conditions are required to conceptually, existentially, and practically deal with guilt and shame’s effects on agents. These conditions can be developed and maintained through rituals. Existing rituals need more development to fully deal with individual and collective guilt and shame as well as the anthropogenic environmental degradation that may spark them.
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Easterbrooks, Susan R., and Hannah M. Dostal, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Literacy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197508268.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook on Deaf Studies Series began in 2010 with it first volume. The series presents state-of-the-art information across an array of topics pertinent to deaf individuals and deaf learners, such as cognition, neuroscience, attention, memory, learning, and language. The present handbook, The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Literacy, is the fifth in the series, and it offers the most up-to-date information on literacy learning among deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) learners. Topic examined in this concise volume include the importance of language and cognition and the elements of phonological/orthographic awareness, morphosyntactic and vocabulary understanding, reading comprehension and classroom engagement, written language, learning among challenged populations, and the need to rethink our approaches to literacy research. With contributions from a well-known and highly respected field of educators and researchers, the volume will help all involved see the path each DHH child as an individual must follow if he or she is to unlock the vast world available when one has competence in reading comprehension. Too often, sweeping generalizations are made about all DHH readers—no matter their background, language(s), chosen modality(ies), and experience—from data on only a small segment of the overall population. Therefore, the editors collaborated with the authors to ensure that authors were clear about the research participants cited when making claims about specific subpopulations. This means readers can be relatively certain that statements made in this book about certain subpopulations in fact are based on data from those subpopulations.