Dissertations / Theses: 'Segment'

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Wheelhouse, Mark James. "Segment logic." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10473.

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O'Hearn, Reynolds and Yang introduced local Hoare reasoning about mutable data structures using separation logic. They reason about the local parts of the memory accessed by programs, and thus construct their smallest complete specifications. Gardner et al. generalised their work, using context logic to reason about structured data at the same level of abstraction as the data itself. In particular, we developed a formal specification of the Document Object Model (DOM), a W3C XML update library. Whilst we kept to the spirit of local reasoning, we were not able to retain small specifications for all of the commands of DOM: for example, our specification of the appendChild command was not small. We show how to obtain such small specifications by developing a more fine-grained context structure, allowing us to work with arbitrary segments of a data structure. We introduce segment logic, a logic for reasoning about such segmented data structures, staring at first with a simple tree structure, but then showing how to generalise our approach to arbitrary structured data. Using our generalised segment logic we construct a reasoning framework for abstract program modules, showing how to reason about such modules at the client level. In particular we look at modules for trees, lists, heaps and the more complex data model of DOM. An important part of any abstraction technique is an understanding of how to link the abstraction back to concrete implementations. Building on our previous abstraction and refinement work for local reasoning, we show how to soundly implement the segment models used in our abstract reasoning. In particular we show how to implement our fine-grained list and tree modules so that their abstract specifications are satisfied by the concrete implementations. We also show how our reasoning from the abstract level can be translated to reasoning at the concrete level. Finally, we turn our attention to concurrency and show how having genuine small axioms for our commands allows for a simple treatment of abstract level concurrency constructs.

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Soares, Cristiane Leal Rodrigues. "Entre viver para si e viver para os outros: envelhecimento feminino e individualização." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7307.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4749729 bytes, checksum: 1ceda7796150aa405584f37f6b8a15ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-18 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES This paper aims to reflect a comparative perspective in class processes of present female individualization in the experiences of older women belonging to middle segments and popular city of João Pessoa. Here I try to reveal old age as a period of building yourself. To do that, I make use of the approach on the transformations in the course of contemporary life, the values, representations and practices related to aging women. The central hypothesis of this paper is to present the experiences of aging women which are marked by processes of individualization, inexhaustible even with advancing age and showing that old age can be experienced as a phase of life in which it is building itself. I seek to understand, in this paper, as sociocultural and historical processes are updated in daily practices of the ladies and popular middle segments of our society, conceiving "ladies individualized." I start the assumptions that the individualization phenomenon constitutes a global trend in our society and that the possibility of joint relational and individualistic ideals is present both in the life experiences of individuals from middle segments, as the popular segments. In the case of research conducted for this thesis these individuals are respectively represented by elderly women living in the neighborhood of Bancários, and the community of Timbo in the city of João Pessoa. Because these joints are present in the daily lives of these women and how they present themselves in the course of their lives are questions that guided my thinking. I do not intend here to define how individualization process between older women and middle popular segments work, before long to discuss possibilities of processes of individualization and women from both of them reflect on the variations of the experiences of women aged above 60 as on their identities and representations of aging. The empirical data used in this thesis were qualitatively selected and come from direct observations, semi-structured interviews and stories of life trajectories, collected from 13 women aged between 60 and 70 years old. Seven of these women inhabit in Bancários, and the other in the community of Timbó. The characterization of these women, as belonging to the middle and popular segments, not only did so from the point of view of the place they occupy in the production structure. I analyze elements together as living space, conditions and styles of consumption, income and education, practices and habits of everyday life, trying to take into account concepts and tools to reflect both the objective aspects as those built to the level of culture. Were taken as the object of investigation the particular experiences of these women and sought to situate them in a spatial and temporal context, which includes not only their livelihoods but also the social interactions with other significant actors, capable of interfering in their social practices and daily experiences. Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sob uma perspectiva comparativa de classe os processos femininos de individualização presentes nas vivências de mulheres idosas pertencentes aos segmentos médios e populares da cidade de João Pessoa. Aqui procuro revelar a velhice como um período de construção de si mesmo. Para tanto lanço mão da abordagem sobre as transformações no curso da vida contemporâneo, nos valores, nas representações e nas práticas relacionadas a velhice feminina. A hipótese central deste trabalho é que as vivências atuais da velhice feminina são marcadas por processos de individualização, inesgotáveis mesmo com o avanço da idade e reveladores de que a velhice pode ser experimentada como uma fase da vida em que cabe a construção de si mesmo. Busco compreender, neste trabalho, como processos históricos e socioculturais se atualizam nas práticas cotidianas de senhoras dos segmentos médios e populares de nossa sociedade, concebendo senhoras individualizadas . Parto dos pressupostos de que o fenômeno da individualização se constitui numa tendência global e que em nossa sociedade a possibilidade de articulações dos ideais individualistas e relacionais se faz presente tanto nas experiências de vida dos indivíduos dos segmentos médios, quanto dos segmentos populares. No caso da pesquisa desenvolvida para esta tese estes indivíduos são respectivamente representados pelas mulheres idosas residentes no bairro de Bancários, e na comunidade do Timbó. Como essas articulações se fazem presentes no cotidiano dessas mulheres e como elas se apresentam no curso de suas vidas são questões que nortearam minha reflexão. Não pretendo aqui definir como se dão os processos de individualização entre mulheres idosas dos segmentos médios e populares, antes almejo discutir possibilidades de processos femininos de individualização e a partir deles refletir tanto sobre as variações das vivências de mulheres com idade acima de 60 anos, quanto sobre suas identidades e representações sobre envelhecimento. Os elementos empíricos utilizados nesta tese foram qualitativamente selecionados e são provenientes de observações diretas, entrevistas semi estruturadas e relatos de trajetórias de vida, coletados junto a 13 mulheres com idade entre 60 e 70 anos. Sete destas mulheres residem em Bancários, e as demais na comunidade do Timbó. A caracterização dessas mulheres, como pertencentes aos segmentos médios e populares, não se deu tão somente sob o ponto de vista do lugar em que elas ocupam na estrutura produtiva. Analiso conjuntamente elementos como: espaço de moradia, condições e estilos de consumo, rendimento e escolaridade, práticas e hábitos do cotidiano, na tentativa de levar em consideração concepções e instrumentos capazes de refletir tanto os aspectos objetivos quanto aqueles construídos ao nível da cultura. Foram tomadas como objeto de investigação as experiências particulares dessas mulheres e procurou-se situá-las em um contexto espacial e temporal, que inclui não apenas as suas condições de vida, mas também as interações sociais com outros atores significativos, capazes de interferir em suas práticas sociais e vivências cotidianas.

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Reynolds, Jordan Michael. "Hierarchical segment boost : a segment level classification approach to object class recognition." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32286.

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In this work we address the problem of object recognition and localization within cluttered, natural scenes. Specifically we present a new approach to recognizing deformable objects that uses only local information. We suggest a new method of computing labels for arbitrary regions within an image using only local color and texture information. The results demonstrate our success in both identifying and localizing several classes of objects within cluttered scenes. We make two primary contributions to the field of deformable object recognition. First we present a new technique for labeling arbitrary regions within an image using texture and color features. Second we introduce a hierarchical approach to combining the classification results from segmentations of different granularity. Since the field of deformable object recognition is still in its infancy, we hope the work presented here will be used as a stepping stone to developing more complex, multi-object detection systems. Science, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Graduate

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von, Kartaschew Filip. "Grundtonsstrategier vid tonlösa segment." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Linguistics and Philology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8270.

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Prosodimodeller som bl.a. kan användas i talsynteser grundar sig ofta på analyser av tal som består av enbart tonande segment. Framför tonlös konsonant saknar vokalsegments grundtonskurvor möjlig fortsättning och blir dessutom kortare. Detta brukar då justeras med hjälp av trunkering av grundtonskurvan. Tidigare studier har i korthet visat att skillnader, förutom trunkering, i vokalers grundtonskurva kan uppstå beroende på om efterföljande segment är tonande eller tonlöst. Med utgångspunkt från dessa studier undersöks i detta examensarbete grundtonskurvan i svenska satser. Även resultaten i denna studie visar att olika strategier i grundtonskurvan används, och att trunkering inte räcker för att förklara vad som sker med grundtonskurvan i dessa kontexter. Generellt visar resultaten på att det verkar viktigt för försökspersonerna att behålla den information som grundtonskurvan ger i form av max- och minimumvärde, och att fall och stigningar så långt det går bibehålls.

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EKLUND, SUSANNE, and JÖNSSON AMANDA IVARSSON. "Marknadskommunikation mot sitt segment." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17411.

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Idag blir konkurrensen allt hårdare på marknaden, inte minst sagt i modebranschen. Företag tar till alla olika sorters konkurrensstrategier för att just de skall sticka ut från mängden. Här följer en studie inriktat på en av dessa konkurrensstrategier, nämligen marknadskommunikation. Kommunicerar man fel på den hårt konkurerande marknaden idag kan det få förödande effekter. Man måste som sändare av budskapet veta vem mottagaren är. För att nå framgång i modebranschen är det därför viktigt att positionera sig på marknaden så att man differentierar sig från sina konkurrenter. För att differentiera sig måste du hitta ditt eget sätt att kommunicera till ditt segment. Marknadskommunikationens första prioritering är att ge rätt associationer till företagets varumärke, göra företaget attraktivt på marknaden och även att bygga upp och förmedla ett så kallat mervärde. För att få en verklig och realistisk överblick över problemet har vi valt att undersöka hur företaget Wakakuu kommunicerar med sitt segment. Vi har utifrån detta kunnat analysera hur det ser ut i teorin och hur det ser ut i praktiken. Wakakuu är ett företag som har en framgångsrik webbshop och en showroombutik belägen i Hovås, söder om Göteborg. Svenska modebranschens omsättning var 206 miljarder kronor år 2011. 43 % av den totala omsättningen står butikshandeln för och 4 % står e-handeln för. (Svensk handel 2013) Butikshandeln utgör som sagt en stor del av den totala marknaden och detta var en av anledningen till att vi ville samarbeta med en butik. Vi har studerat hur Wakakuu arbetar för att nå ut till deras segment, kvinna 20-30 år, som finns på deras webbshop men ej i deras fysiska butik, för att få detta segment till den fysiska butiken. För att ta reda på detta har vi studerat deras kommunikationskanaler och påverkande faktorer som utgör om en butik blir vald eller ej. Syftet med vår uppsats är att ta reda på hur ett modeföretag kommunicerar med sitt segment. Vi vill undersöka hur kommunikationsprocessen går till. Slutligen kommer vi att analysera vårt resultat och vår teori, vi vill kunna dra paralleller mellan teorin och praktiken. Vi har kommit fram till att Wakakuu har svårigheter med att nå ut till den yngre kundgruppen, kvinna 20-30 år. I de sociala medier som Wakakuu använder för att kommunicera finns den yngre kundgruppen. Dock ser vi ingen positiv effekt utifrån denna kommunikationsprocess. Vi drar här slutsatsen att Wakakuus kommunikation inte når ut ur det informationsbrus som vi lever i, och det uppkommer för många störningar innan kommunikationen når konsumenten att de inte får någon positiv effekt. Vi har också kommit fram till att Wakakuus läge och pris är påverkande faktorer till varför Wakakuu inte väljs utav konsumenten. Program: Butikschef, textil och mode

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Spring, Cari. "Marshallese Single Segment Reduplication." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227253.

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Waletzko, Ryan Scott. "Determining soft segment structure-property effects in the enhancement of segmented polyurethane performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46671.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Liquid Crystalline Elastomer (LCE)-inspired segmented polyurethane elastomers possessing widely different extents of ordering were created to mimic the hierarchical structure of the continuous matrix and superior mechanical performance of spider silk fibers. The silk's remarkable toughness originates from a fiber morphology that possesses [beta]-pleated crystalline sheets within an amorphous matrix. In the polyurethane materials, various extents of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) soft segment ordering were implemented within continuous soft domains that were connected by hexamethylene diisocyanate-butanediol (HDI-BDO) hard segments. Soft segment crystallinity studies revealed the need to optimize the extent of continuous soft domain ordering. Highly crystalline PEO soft segments, while they display good microphase segregation properties, sacrifice extensibility due to their high melting transition temperature. Moderately crystalline PEO soft segments, meanwhile, possess less defined phase segregation but enhanced mechanical properties from their reversible dispersed crystalline soft segment domains. Non-crystalline Pluronic copolymer systems had good mechanical properties that resulted from both a strong hard segment incompatibility and a highly mobile soft segment matrix. Hydrogen-bonded hard domain shearing during in-situ tensile deformation yields oriented hard blocks that align at a preferred tilt angle of ±60° from the strain direction. Extensive alignment and orientation of the moderately-ordered PEO soft segments occurred during deformation, which was consistent with its observed mechanical behavior. Pluronic-containing segmented polyurethanes formed an ordered mesophase in the continuous soft matrix during deformation. A series of cyclic, aliphatic polyurethanes with dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate (HMDI) hard segments and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) soft segments was synthesized to study compositional effects on the extent of soft segment mixing, and how these effects translated to both mechanical and barrier performance. Shorter soft segment chain systems displayed a greater hard segment compatibility, which resulted in materials that were both more rigid mechanically and provided better barrier characteristics. (cont.) Longer soft segments in the continuous polymer matrix displayed a more phase segregated structure, which enhanced their mechanical properties but sacrificed barrier effectiveness. Incorporation of dimethyl propane diol (DMPD), a branched chain extender, created a completely amorphous polyurethane matrix. Polyurethane/Laponite nanocomposites were also created using particles that were capable of preferentially associating with hard or soft segments. HMDI-BDO-PTMO polyurethane/Laponite nanocomposites demonstrated drastically reduced mechanical performance (~13-fold decrease in toughness and ~10-fold decrease in extensibility). The deteriorated mechanical performance was attributed to the formation of an interconnected hard segment continuous morphology that significantly reduced matrix extensibility. HMDI-DMPDPTMO polyurethane/Laponite composites, on the other hand, only experienced modest reductions in extensibility (-70% of total initial extensibility) while maintaining toughess and increasing initial modulus 10-fold. Mechanical behavior resulted from well-dispersed Laponite clay platelets that reinforced the amorphous polymer matrix while imposing modest chain segmental mobility restrictions. by Ryan Scott Waletzko. Ph.D.

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Bui, Tien Dung. "New Segmented Block Copolymers Based on Hard and Soft Segments Using Selectively Reacting Bifunctional Coupling Agents." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1173820744734-21687.

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In the project, our purpose is the synthesis of segmented block copolymers using novel selectively reacting bi-functional coupling agents which have recently been developed by Jakisch at al. Both couplers have one oxazoline group that reacts with carboxylic groups and one oxazinone group that reacts with hydroxyl or amino groups. It was intended to synthesize segmented block copolymers by combination of amino or hydroxyl terminated pre-polymers and carboxylic terminated chain extenders using the above mentioned coupling agents. Several prepolymers were selected such as hydroxyl terminated liquid polybutadiene (PBD-OH), hydroxyl terminated liquid natural rubber (LNR) and amino terminated liquid polybutadiene-b-acrylonitrile (PBAN) and poly(propylene glycol)-bis(2-aminopropylether) (PPO). They were selected as soft polymer segments in the segmented block copolymers aimed for. Additionally, various di-carboxylic acids were chosen as chain extenders. The resulting block copolymers are phase separated materials with a crystalline hard phase. This was demonstrated by two glass transition temperatures corresponding to the soft and hard segments and various melting regions of the hard chain extenders. For these new materials, the controlled phase separation morphology in nano-size was evidenced by TEM. A hard domain size of about 2-5 nm surrounded by a soft matrix was observed on the micro-photographs. This is consistent with the low hard segment content and the segment alternation (A-B)n in multi-block copolymers. With respect to the mechanical properties, a relationship between tensile strength and the average molar mass of the block copolymers was found out. The samples behave as rubber-like thermoplastic materials. The tensile properties depend on the degree of polymerization and the polymer distribution. The reinforcement ability of the hard domains in a physical network was achieved as expected. As a consequence, the obtained final products have mechanical properties like a typical elastomeric material.

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Leksell, Jacob, and Anna Schröder. "Förpackningsdesign Inom Ett Exklusivt Segment." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16557.

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The competition amongst companies is getting tougher and the economic markets are getting even bigger with new products and businesses. One way for companies to differentiate themselves from the competitors is through packaging design. If the merchandise is to send a reliable and solid message to consumers, the attributes of the packaging must be consistent and uniform. If the different attributes are not coherent, the message loses credibility towards the consumer. Through the sent messages, the pack signals the products’ expected quality and price. This paper includes two studies, in which the main objective is to discover and build understanding about Swedish consumers’ perception of a product’s price depending on the pack’s design. The focus of this paper is based upon household products. The first study is solely focused on consumers’ opinions on package design, while the second study is based on existing product packs on the market. The results obtained in the consumer study will discover eventual general opinions concerning cheap and expensive packages. These results will then be compared to a selection of products from the markets’ existing offers. The purpose of this study is to clarify how well companies shape their packs based on consumers’ general perception. It is finally discussed how the different attributes can be used to legitimize a higher or lower price. Konkurrensen mellan företag ökar och blir allt hårdare med ett ständigt växande antal aktörer på marknaden. Ett sätt att differentiera sig från konkurrenter är genom förpackningsdesign. För att varan i sin helhet ska ge ett pålitligt intryck måste förpackningens attribut vara enhetliga och genomgående. Spretar attributen inger detta förvirring och skapar brist i trovärdighet hos konsumenten. Förpackningen signalerar varans förväntade kvalitet och pris. Denna uppsats omfattar två studier med syfte att kartlägga svenska konsumenters uppfattning av en produkts pris utifrån förpackningens utformning. Fokus i denna uppsats ligger på hushållsprodukter. Den första studien vänder sig direkt till konsumenten medan den andra undersöker befintliga förpackningar på marknaden. Resultatet av konsumenternas generella uppfattning, gällande billiga respektive dyrare förpackningar, jämförs med ett urval från marknadens befintliga utbud. Detta görs med syfte att klargöra för hur väl företagen arbetar efter konsumenternas generella uppfattning. Slutligen diskuteras hur de olika attributen kan användas i förpackningsdesign för att legitimera ett dyrare respektive billigare pris.

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Koerschner, Luke E. "Ground segment preparation for NPSAT1." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FKoerschner.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Space Systems Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007. Thesis Advisor(s): Horning, James A. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57). Also available in print.

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Mansfield, Christopher S. "Fault growth by segment linkage." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362794.

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Sen, Ranjan. "Syllable and Segment in Latin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517335.

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Doerer, Daniel Michael. "Fractals with arbitrary segment lengths." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : School of Mines and Metallurgy of the University of Missouri, 1988. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Doerer_09007dcc805e2a04.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1988. Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 15, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).

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Huang, Xiabing. "Ambulatory ECG mapping (ST-segment)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335035.

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Pagač, Aleš. "Jihovýchodní segment VMO v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409818.

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This thesis discusses and proposes the route of south-east Big City Ring in Brno. The main objective is to find an efficient connection of roads in Faměr´s square district and a solution for a multilevel junction in Ráječek district. Additionally, the designed concept provides a solution for the connection of the new train station (i.e. new street Zanádražní) to the Big City Ring, crossing with Hněvkovského street and connection to highway D2. This thesis also discusses an axis and profile grade of possible layout of the route.

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Bui, Tien Dung. "New Segmented Block Copolymers Based on Hard and Soft Segments Using Selectively Reacting Bifunctional Coupling Agents." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24966.

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In the project, our purpose is the synthesis of segmented block copolymers using novel selectively reacting bi-functional coupling agents which have recently been developed by Jakisch at al. Both couplers have one oxazoline group that reacts with carboxylic groups and one oxazinone group that reacts with hydroxyl or amino groups. It was intended to synthesize segmented block copolymers by combination of amino or hydroxyl terminated pre-polymers and carboxylic terminated chain extenders using the above mentioned coupling agents. Several prepolymers were selected such as hydroxyl terminated liquid polybutadiene (PBD-OH), hydroxyl terminated liquid natural rubber (LNR) and amino terminated liquid polybutadiene-b-acrylonitrile (PBAN) and poly(propylene glycol)-bis(2-aminopropylether) (PPO). They were selected as soft polymer segments in the segmented block copolymers aimed for. Additionally, various di-carboxylic acids were chosen as chain extenders. The resulting block copolymers are phase separated materials with a crystalline hard phase. This was demonstrated by two glass transition temperatures corresponding to the soft and hard segments and various melting regions of the hard chain extenders. For these new materials, the controlled phase separation morphology in nano-size was evidenced by TEM. A hard domain size of about 2-5 nm surrounded by a soft matrix was observed on the micro-photographs. This is consistent with the low hard segment content and the segment alternation (A-B)n in multi-block copolymers. With respect to the mechanical properties, a relationship between tensile strength and the average molar mass of the block copolymers was found out. The samples behave as rubber-like thermoplastic materials. The tensile properties depend on the degree of polymerization and the polymer distribution. The reinforcement ability of the hard domains in a physical network was achieved as expected. As a consequence, the obtained final products have mechanical properties like a typical elastomeric material.

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Rozowski, Marion Anneliese Erika. "The interdependence of Hox genes and the segmental ground plan in generating segment specific morphology : a study of segment specific bristles on the legs of Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620949.

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Greifová, Daniela. "Moderné matky ako cieľový segment pre produkty vybranej spoločnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200119.

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The purpose of the thesis is to describe in detail the segment of the modern moms as the target group for the products of the chosen company, in this case of Procter&Gamble, to demonstrate the concrete way how to use the theory about this segment and about current marketing by means of its successful campaign that targeted this segment and to show the dissimilarities between Czech and Slovak mothers that are part of this segment and the characteristics of this segment resulting from the global research. Theoretical part deals with the term of marketing, marketing and communication mix, marketing segmentation and marketing research and in its second part it describes the female economy and segment of the modern mothers. In the practical part the thesis introduces the Procter&Gamble Company, analyses its campaign "Thank you, mom" and shows the results of the questionnaire research.

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Kregert, Ulrika, and Sara Olsson. "Marknadsplan för AB Tierpsbyggens 55+ segment." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4908.

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Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta fram en marknadsplan för Tierpsbyggens 55+ segment. Vi har fått i uppdrag av AB Tierpsbyggen att ta reda på hur de på långsikt ska knyta till sig kunder över 55 år. Metod: Vi har valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Vi har gjort intervjuer med anställda, potentiella och nuvarande hyresgäster till AB Tierpsbyggen. Intervjusvaren redovisas i empiridelen där vi har i valt att göra analyserna löpande istället för i ett särskilt analyskapitel. Resultat & slutsats: Vi har kommit fram till att äldre människor ställer höga krav på sitt boende och det är svårt för ett kommunalt bostadsföretag att hålla den standard potentiella kunder är vana vid. För att locka fler kunder måste Tierpsbyggen öka 55+ beståndet och marknadsföra 55+ områdena då få potentiella kunder känner till dessa. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: En bra utgångspunkt för ett nytt forskningsprojekt är att ta fram en lägenhet som människor kan åldras i. Det är en utmaning att få fram en lägenhet där människor i yngre pensionsåldern är villiga att flytta in trots att det finns förutsättningar för en 90-åring att leva ett normalt liv där. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen har bidragit med kunskap om Tierpsbyggens nuvarande och potentiella kunders uppfattningar och behov. Vi tror att studien är en bra grund för Tierpsbyggens arbete med marknadsföring mot 55+ segmentet.

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Companik, James Edward. "Segment and ion mobiltiy in polydimethylsiloxanes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11319.

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Forbes, Alexandria J. "Segment polarity genes in Drosophila development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358706.

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Corbett, S. J. "The human immunoglobulin diversity segment repertoire." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597991.

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Combination recombination of Variable (V), Diversity (D) and Joining (J) immunoglobulin gene segments with imprecise loss and gain of nucleotides at segment joins creates a diverse primary antibody repertoire. In humans it has also been proposed that utilisation of DIR segments, multiple D segments and inverted D segments increases diversity further. However to date, incomplete knowledge of the germline D segment repertoire has made it difficult to dissect out the precise mechanisms involved. This thesis describes the complete nucleotide sequence of the functional human D segment locus on chromosome 14q32.3, identifying a germline repertoire of 27 D segments, including 13 novel sequences. Criteria which confidently assign somatically rearranged sequences to germline D segments have been established and show that the human antibody repertoire is only created by the recombination of 25 functional D segments with extensive junctional diversity according to the "12/23 rule". No convincing evidence for inverted D joins, double D joins or the use of DIR segments in human antibodies could be found. Furthermore, the D segment repertoire in expressed human antibodies has been found to be markedly biased, with over-representation of particular segments and reading frames. In contrast to mouse, chicken and rabbit whose D segments are restricted to expression in only one reading frame comprising mainly hydrophilic residues, a significant proportion of human antibodies express D segments in reading frames comprising predominantly hydrophobic residues. D segments thereby impart a range of sequence characteristics to the third hypervariable loop of the human heavy chain variable domain at the heart of the antigen binding site.

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Oehring, Daniela. "Ocular biomechanics of the anterior segment." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10647.

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The thesis investigates methods of examining corneal biomechanics using non-contact tonometry and introduces novel techniques to investigate corneal material properties in vivo. A comprehensive systems analysis of the CorvisST (CST) and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA) was performed. Pressure sensors were used to characterisation the airflow produced by the CST and the ORA. Distinct differences were observed between the central airflow pressures between the two devices: the CST pressure was higher and of shorter duration. Scheimpflug high-speed imaging via the CST allowed components of the corneal deformation to be investigated and the development of a 3D deformation matrix (time, depth and spatial resolution) through tracing of the anterior and posterior corneal surface. Measures of whole eye movement (WEM) with CST were found to be robust. WEM demonstrated an asymmetric profile and a correction method was developed to address the corneal deformation matrix for this asymmetry. Novel methods for characterisation of intrinsic material characteristics of the cornea were developed using numerical and graphical analytical procedures. Application of these parameters was tested on enucleated porcine eyes across a wide range of manometry internal ocular pressure (MIOP). The dynamic E-Modulus was found to be most affected by MIOP change. To investigate the in vivo distribution and heterogeneity of the corneal biomechanics, a novel set-up allowed the mapping of corneal biomechanics across the cornea using the CST (central, paracentral, peripheral) and ORA (central, peripheral). Biometric and demographic grouping of subjects allowed detection of discriminating factors between individuals. The results suggest that the in vivo cornea of healthy human adults can be characterised as a viscoelastic, damped system for longitudinal strain and a highly oscillating system for lateral strain. The cornea is approximately homogenous for measures of rigidity and dynamic E-Modulus but other corneal material characteristics (longitudinal and lateral strain, hysteresis, damping and compressibility) demonstrated regional differences. The experimental design employed allowed for strict control of biometric and biomechanical intersubject variables, based on gold-standard techniques as well as newly-developed methods, thereby creating a normative database for future use.

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Siddiqi, Rizwana. "Anterior segment morphology in angle closure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/anterior-segment-morphology-in-angle-closure(75cd5598-a53c-4f04-b67b-37130210bbdc).html.

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Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) is a worldwide leading cause of irreversible blindness much more prevalent in Asia than in European-derived populations. Patterns of ethnic differences may account for prevalence variation of the disease. Recent papers have reported a predicted rise in European-derived populations. Ocular risks associated with PAC(G) include an axially small, hypermetropic eye with a large lens. Potentially, there are patients in the UK with 'at risk' ocular biometrics predisposing them to PAC(G). Biometric disparities between ethnicities infer morphological variation of PAC(G).The morphology of PAC(G) can be evaluated using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and the development of a novel linear probe has enhanced its clinical utility. UBM allows quantitative analysis of the anterior chamber, however, there are inherent difficulties in identifying the landmark scleral spur. Qualitative image analyses are urgently required to assess the morphology of closure. Clinical grading scales (CGS) have been successful in other areas within ophthalmology; their application to PAC(G) is investigated within this thesis. The specific aims of the thesis are to: a) examine biometric differences between Caucasian & Chinese patients with PAC(G); b) describe the development of a series of CGS for PAC(G) and c) validate the CGS.Biometric differences between Chinese and Caucasian sample populations exist. The Caucasian cohort exhibit typical biometric findings associated with PAC(G): significantly smaller eyes, shallower anterior chambers, larger lenses, and a significantly shorter vitreous depth, when compared to Chinese counterparts. Biometric differences lend support to variation of PAC(G) mechanisms between ethnicities. A series of clinical CGS were developed using a 'consensus' based approach. The results: utilize psychometric techniques to evaluate inter-observer error; analyse intra-observer agreement by visualising concordance; target pruning to eliminate inter-observer confusion when constructing the CGS. A new custom-made software was developed to evaluate the performance of the CGS. The results show good intra- and inter- observer repeatability to characterise the morphology of closure. This is the first study describing a comprehensive method to construct and validate CGS in PAC(G). These can be used to evaluate the morphology of closure and in the future assess the fidelity of PAC(G) management.

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Moldovan, Rucsandra. "Three essays on operating segment disclosure." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESEC0005.

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Cette thèse contient trois essais distincts sur la publication d’information sectorielle que les entreprises européennes ayant plusieurs secteurs opérationnels effectuent en vertu des IFRS 8 Secteurs Opérationnels. Chaque essai vise à améliorer notre compréhension collective sur la politique de communication financière des cadres dirigeants en examinant diverses caractéristiques des informations sectorielles. Le chapitre I, “L’interaction entre la qualité et la quantité des publications sur l’information sectorielle” examine le choix des cadres dirigeants à l'égard de la quantité et de la qualité, ainsi que l’utilité de ces deux caractéristiques pour les analystes financiers. J’utilise le nombre de segments opérationnels publiés comme mesure quantitative et la variation inter-sectorielle de la profitabilité comme mesure qualitative et soutiens que plus de pouvoir discrétionnaire peut être exercé par les dirigeants sur la qualité que sur la quantité. Je trouve que les cadres dirigeants résolvent les préoccupations liées aux renseignements commerciaux de nature exclusive soit en déviant de a quantité recommandée par la norme, ou, lorsqu’ils suivent la norme, en réduisant la qualité de l’information sectorielle. Les analystes financiers n’apprécient pas toujours la qualité de l’information sectorielle, ce qui suggère que le modèle business crée des difficultés même pour des utilisateurs avertis. Mes résultats informent les normalisateurs lorsque ceux-ci initient le développement d’un nouveau cadre conceptuel et lorsqu’ils semblent envisager l’approche du modèle business pour le reporting. Le chapitre II s'intitule «La non-conformité des secteurs opérationnels à travers des documents d'entreprise. » Les régulateurs de marché examinent des cas de présentations lorsqu'une entreprise fournit des informations différentes sur le même sujet dans différents documents. En mettant l’accent sur les secteurs opérationnels, cet essai utilise des données recueillies manuellement auprès de quatre documents d’entreprise afin d'analyser l'impact de la publication d’information non-conforme sur l’exactitude des prévisions de résultat des analystes financiers. La non-conformité qui découle de la déségrégation supplémentaire des secteurs semble introduire de nouveautés et contribue à l’exactitude des prévisions. La publication des segmentations difficilement réconciliables entraine une exactitude réduite des prévisions. Ces résultats contribuent à notre compréhension des effets de la politique de communication des dirigeants à travers plusieurs documents et ont des répercussions sur le travail les régulateurs. Le chapitre III s'intitule « Prévisions managériales au niveau sectoriel. » Je considère les prévisions au niveau sectoriel (PNS) comme un type d'information désagrégé que les entreprises fournissent ensemble avec leur stratégie de gestion. J’examine l’utilité de cette information pour l’exactitude des prévisions de résultat par les analystes ainsi que l’impact de cette information sur la manipulation du résultat. Je constate que les entreprises de haute technologie réputées pour l’incertitude supplémentaire liée à profitabilité sont moins susceptibles de fournir des PNS et que le PNS est associé à une prévision améliorée. Cependant, alors que la communication de davantage de PNS désagrégé par secteur a tendance à améliorer la précision, plus de précision ne semble pas avoir d’importance. Du point de vue des cadres dirigeants, les PNS les incitent à manipuler le résultat comptable, mais le PNS désagrégé par poste semble décourager la manipulation, fort probablement due à une surveillance supplémentaire. Dans un contexte où une orientation narrative et désagrégée est considérée comme la solution pour empêcher la vision à court terme, comprendre quel type d'information permet d’atteindre cet objectif, et de quelle manière, est tout autant pertinent pour les cadres dirigeants, les investisseurs et les régulateurs This thesis contains three stand-alone essays on the operating segment disclosures that European multi-segment companies make under IFRS 8 Operating Segments. Each essay aims to improve our collective understanding about managers’ disclosure strategy by examining various characteristics of operating segment disclosure. Chapter I, entitled “The Interplay between Segment Disclosure Quantity and Quality,” investigates managers’ choices with respect to both disclosure quantity and disclosure quality, and the usefulness of these two characteristics for financial analysts. Focusing on segment disclosures under the management approach, I measure quantity as the number of segment-level line items and quality as the cross-segment variation in profitability, and argue that greater managerial discretion can be exercised over quality than over quantity. I hypothesize and find that managers solve proprietary concerns either by deviating from the suggested line-item disclosure in the standard, or if following standard guidance, by decreasing segment reporting quality. Moreover, financial analysts do not always understand the quality of segment disclosures, which suggests that a business-model type of standard creates difficulties even for sophisticated users. My results inform standard setters as they start working on a disclosure framework and as they seem to consider the business model approach to financial reporting. Chapter II is entitled “Inconsistent Segment Disclosure across Corporate Documents.” Market regulators in the U.S. and Europe investigate cases of inconsistent disclosures when a company provides different information on the same topic in different documents. Focusing on operating segments, this essay uses hand-collected data from four different corporate documents of multi-segment firms to analyze the impact of inconsistent disclosure on financial analysts’ earnings forecast accuracy. Inconsistencies that arise from further disaggregation of operating segments in some documents seem to bring in new information and increase analyst accuracy. However, when analysts must work with different, difficult-to-reconcile segmentations, their information processing capacity and forecasts are less accurate. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of managers’ disclosure strategy across multiple documents and have implications for regulators and standard setters’ work on a disclosure framework. Chapter III is entitled “Management Guidance at the Segment Level.” Prior research has found that managers add information to their earnings guidance to justify, explain, or contextualize their forecasts. I identify segment-level guidance (SLG) as a type of disaggregated information that multi-segment firms provide with their management guidance, and investigate its usefulness for financial analysts’ earnings forecasting accuracy, as well as its influence on managers’ earnings fixation. I further characterize the level of precision (point and range, maximum or minimum estimate, or simply narrative) and of disaggregation of SLG. I find that companies in high tech industries known for increased uncertainty in future performance are less likely to provide SLG, and that SLG is associated with better forecasting accuracy. However, while providing more item-disaggregated SLG improves accuracy, increased precision has no impact on forecast accuracy. From the manager’s point of view, SLG creates incentives to engage in earnings management, and the more precise the SLG is the greater the incentive. In contrast, more item-disaggregated SLG discourages earnings management, perhaps by improving monitoring. In a context where qualitative, narrative, and disaggregated guidance is regarded as a solution to avoid earnings fixation and short termism, understanding which types of information achieve this goal, and how, is relevant for managers, investors, and regulators alike

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Guedrez, Rabah. "Enabling traffic engineering over segment routing." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0116/document.

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La majorité des grands opérateurs utilise la technologie MPLS pour gérer leur réseau via des protocoles de signalisation et de distributions de labels. Or, ces protocoles sont complexes à déployer, à maintenir et la résolution des pannes est souvent très difficile. L'IETF a initié la standardisation d'une architecture de routage par segments (Segment Routing) s'appuyant sur un plan de contrôle simple, léger, facile à gérer et instanciée sur MPLS ou IPv6. Cette architecture repose sur le concept de routage à la source, dans lequel l'en-tête des paquets transporte les indications du chemin à suivre pour atteindre sa destination. Adapté aux cas d'usages simples et offrant nativement une résistance aux pannes, les cas d'usages plus complexes exigent de résoudre des verrous technologiques pour lesquels nous proposons plusieurs solutions. Dans cette thèse effectuée au sein d'Orange Labs, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'instanciation de l'architecture Segment Routing sur le plan de transfert MPLS et plus particulièrement à l'ingénierie de trafic, notamment avec réservation de ressources. Nous avons proposé des solutions aux problèmes liés à la limitation matérielle des routeurs actuels ne permettant pas l'expression de tous les chemins contraints. Ce travail est divisé en deux parties : (i) la proposition d'algorithmes de calcul et d'encodage de chemins de routage par segment afin de contourner les limitations matérielles. (ii) la définition des exigences architecturales et la construction d'une preuve de concept fonctionnelle. Enfin, cette thèse propose de nouvelles pistes d'études afin de consolider les outils d'ingénierie de trafic pour le routage par segment Most major operators use MPLS technology to manage their network via signalling and label distribution protocols. However, these protocols are complex to deploy, maintain and troubleshooting is often very difficult. The IETF has initiated the standardization of a segment routing architecture based on a simple control plane, lightweight, easyto-manage and instantiated on MPLS or IPv6. This architecture is based on the concept of source routing, in which the packet header carries the indications of the path to follow to reach its destination. Suitable for simple use cases and natively resistant to failure, more complex use cases require the resolution of technological issues for which we offer several solutions.In this thesis carried out within Orange Labs, we were interested in the instantiation of the Segment Routing architecture on the MPLS transfer plan and more particularly in traffic engineering, particularly with resource reservation. We have proposed solutions to the problems related to the hardware limitation of current routers that do not allow the expression of all constrained paths. This work is divided into two parts : (i) the proposal of algorithms for computing and encoding segment routing paths in order to bypass hardware limitations. (ii) the definition of architectural requirements and the construction of a functional proof of concept. Finally, this thesis proposes new research issues to consolidate traffic engineering tools for segment routing

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Benusa, Savannah D. "MECHANISMS REGULATING AXON INITIAL SEGMENT STABILITY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5357.

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Axon initial segment (AIS) disruption has been described in a number of pathological environments where neuroinflammation is a contributing factor; however, whether this disruption is reversible in unknown. To address the principle of AIS structural recovery, we employed an acute neuroinflammatory model. Acute neuroinflammation induced disruption of AIS structural and functional domains and, importantly, upon resolution of neuroinflammatory conditions, was reversed. Consistent with other studies, we observed a close interaction of microglia with AISs, and utilized this acute neuroinflammatory model to investigate the relationship between reactive microglia and AIS integrity. Gene expression analysis of microglial transcription profiles identified reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes as candidates in AIS pathogenesis. Experiments employing mice lacking the major ROS-producing enzyme NOX2, identified ROS as mediators of AIS disruption. Furthermore, we established calcium-dependent protease calpain as a disruptor of AIS protein clustering in inflammation-induced disruption. Since we observed an intimate interaction between microglia and the AIS, we conducted studies designed to identify a candidate in microglia that regulates microglial-AIS contact. During chronic inflammatory conditions, microglia enhance contact with AISs often completely surrounding the domain. Concomitant with this morphological change, neurofascin (Nfasc) expression increased in microglia. Nfasc is a cell adhesion molecule with cell-specific isoforms known to mediate glial-neuronal interactions, but until now, was not reported to be expressed by microglia. Here, I characterize the unique Nfasc isoform expressed by microglia and present evidence that suggests that microglial Nfasc may mediate microglial-AIS contact, a potentially pivotal interaction in the induction of AIS disruption by pro-inflammatory factors.

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ABDELSALAM, AHMED MOHAMED AHMED. "Service Function Chaining with Segment Routing." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9921.

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Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is reshaping the way in which telecommunication networks and services are designed and operated. Traditional network functions are being transformed into Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) implemented as software modules. NFV promises a big capital expenditure (CAPEX) saving by replacing dedicated physical appliances with VNFs that can run on any commodity hardware. It also promises more flexibility as VNFs can be augmented with new features via simple software updates. Service function chaining (SFC) denotes the process of forwarding packets through a sequence of network functions. It allows creating end-to-end services by composing several network functions. In traditional “pre-NFV” approaches, network functions were placed en-route, i.e. along the path of the flows. In NFV scenarios, VNFs can be arbitrarily located in the distributed virtualization infrastructure. Hence, SFC requires a steering method to force traffic to go through the chain of VNFs. Segment Routing (SR) is a new network architecture based on source routing. It allows a node to steer packets through a set of network nodes in a specific order. In SR networks, a list of instructions, called segments, is attached to the packet to define such forwarding path. The SR architecture can be implemented with MPLS and IPv6 data plane. In this thesis, we only focus on the SR implementation based on IPv6 data plane, denoted as SRv6. In this thesis, we leverage the SRv6 capabilities to design a scalable SRv6-based SFC archi- tecture. We define the design principles of the architecture and discuss the challenges. We also propose the solutions to these challenges. Moreover, we study both the functional and non-functional properties of the architecture. More specifically, the contributions of this thesis are as follows: Abstract ii • Design of a scalable SFC architecture based on SRv6. SFC is one of the most challenging use-cases in telecommunication networks. Tra- ditional SFC solutions require maintaining per-chain state information in the network fabric to forward packets to VNFs. In the first part of Chapter 3, we propose a scalable SRv6-based SFC architecture. In the proposed architecture, each VNF is assigned a segment identifier (SID) and SFC is achieved by attaching a list of SIDs to the packets. Being SRv6-based, our approach does not need to maintain per-chain state information in the network fabric. Our solution is thus more scalable than the traditional alternatives. We define both data and control planes aspects of our proposed architecture. We also explain how to implement such architecture in a Linux environment. • Design and implementation of a solution to integrate legacy network functions into the SRv6-based SFC architecture. In SRv6-based SFC, VNFs can be categorized into SRv6-aware and SRv6-unaware VNFs based on their ability to process SRv6 information in received packets. SRv6- unaware VNFs are legacy VNFs that can not process SRv6 packets. They might drop the packet or perform erroneous action. However, these SRv6-unaware VNFs have been in use since long time and network operators have spent a lot of efforts to automate their deployment and operations. In the second part of Chapter 3, we provide a solution to re-use such legacy SRv6-unaware VNFs within SRv6-based SFC architecture. To that end, we provide an SRv6-proxy that processes the SRv6 information on behalf of the SRv6-unaware VNFs. The proxy delivers plain IP packets to the VNFs with no SRv6 information. It restores the SRv6 information after the packets are processed by the VNF. The SRv6-proxy supports static, dynamic and masquerading behaviors to address the various types of VNFs. We provide an open source implementation for those proxy behaviors in Linux. We evaluate the processing overhead introduced by our SRv6-proxy implementation with respect to plain IP forwarding. The results are reported in Chap- ter 5 and show that our implementation provides a forwarding rate that can match the bandwidth requirements of VNFs. • Design and implementation of native SRv6-aware network functions. With SRv6, the SR architecture has been evolving from the simple steering of pack- ets across nodes to a general network programming approach. The idea is to encode instructions and not only locations in a segment list. In order to exploit such SRv6 “network programming” capabilities in SFC, network functions have to be SRv6-aware. Abstract iii In Chapter 4, we design and implement several SRv6-aware network functions: SERA, SR-Snort, SR-nftables and SR-tcpdump. SERA is an SRv6-aware firewall capable of ap- plying normal firewall behavior to packets with SRv6 information. It can also perform stateless SRv6-specific actions on packets. SERA is implemented as an extension to the commonly used iptables firewall. To the best of our knowledge, SERA is the first SRv6- aware network function ever realized. In SR-Snort, we extend the widely deployed open source IDS/IPS (Snort) to be SRv6-aware. SR-nftables, is another SRv6-aware network function which extends the next generation Linux firewall (nftables). SR-tcpdump is a tool that allows analyzing and debugging SRv6 traffic. It extends the tcpdump tool with a dissector for SRv6. The different SRv6-aware network functions developed for this thesis allow to build a fully automated SRv6-based SFC architecture. We contributed our implementations of SRv6-aware network functions to several open source projects to be used by network operators as well as other researchers. Several part of these im- plementations are currently integrated into the mainline of the Linux kernel, the iptables and nftables components and the tcpdump tool. • Design a performance evaluation framework for SRv6 implementations. The SRv6 data plane implementations have been supported in many different routers implementations including: open source software routers such as the Linux kernel and the Vector Packet Processing (VPP) platform, as well as hardware implementations from different network vendors. Since then, SRv6 has been deployed both in service providers networks and data centers. It is therefore critical to assess some of the non-functional properties such as scalability and fault tolerance. In Chapter 5, we present SRPerf, a performance evaluation framework for SRv6 data plane implementations. The design of such framework is a very challenging task. As packets are required to be forwarded at an extremely high rate using a limited CPU budget to process each of them. We have used SRPerf to evaluate the performance of the SRv6 implementation in the Linux kernel and VPP. The framework allows us to identify some performance issues of the SRv6 implementation which we have fixed in new revisions. Finally, we would like to highlight the tutorial on Linux kernel networking and SRv6 imple- mentations provided in Appendix A. It could help other researchers to get started with these topics. In this respect, We also would like to mention our contribution to a survey and tutorial paper on Segment Routing that has been submitted.

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Camere, Salcedo Renzo Fabian, Reaño Jesus Salvador Enco, Silva Adrian Gonzalez, and Balarezo Adela Catherine Vassallo. "Power EGG." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626421.

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Hoy en día, el gobierno peruano establece normas de protección saludable para los niños con el fin de proteger su salud. Por ese motivo, la industria alimenticia y el consumidor peruano vienen cambiando sus hábitos de compras y consumo saludable, de cara a estos cambios, se ha detectado la oportunidad de ofrecer un producto alimenticio saludable y nutritivo contribuyendo a la salud de los niños peruanos. “Power Eggs” busca posicionarse en el mercado peruano en los segmentos A, B y C como un complemento nutricional, brindando a las madres de familia una alternativa de nutrición para el consumo diario de los niños. El mercado al que se apunta está conformado por 9, 485,406 de mujeres con hijos entre las edades de 2 a 12 años en la ciudad de Lima, para el cual se ha calculado un mercado target de 1,171,437 personas. Uno de los principales objetivos es alcanzar un 20% de participación sobre el target de 39,420 personas, como un crecimiento anual de 10% en los próximos 5 años. Como principal estrategia se busca posicionar un producto diferencial de apoyo a la alimentación saludable en el mercado peruano. Today, Peruvian government establishes healthy protection norms for children in order to protect their health. For that reason, the food industry and Peruvian consumer have been changing their shopping habits and healthy consumption. Faced with these changes, it has been detected the opportunity to offer a healthy and nutritious food product contributing to the health of Peruvian children. “Power Eggs” seeks to position itself on the Peruvian market in segments A, B and C as a nutritional supplement, providing mothers with an alternative nutrition for the daily consumption of children. The market we aim for is made up of 9, 485,406 women with children between the ages of 0 to 12 years in the city of Lima, for which we have a target market of 1, 171,437 people. One of the main objectives is to reach a 20% of participation on the target, as an annual growth of 10% in the next 5 years. It main strategy is to position a differential product to support healthy eating in the peruvian market. Trabajo de investigación

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Xavier, Andre Nogueira. "Descrição fonético-fonológica dos sinais da língua de sinais brasileira (LIBRAS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-18122007-135347/.

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Este trabalho objetivou dar um primeiro passo em direção a uma descrição das unidades do nível fonético-fonológico da língua de sinais brasileira (libras). Para isso, ele se baseou no modelo de análise sublexical proposto por Liddell (1984) e desenvolvido por Liddell & Johnson (2000 [1989]), segundo o qual, os sinais das línguas sinalizadas, semelhantemente às palavras das línguas faladas, são consituídos por segmentos. Além de oferecer uma análise segmental dos sinais, capaz de capturar os contrastes seqüenciais também possíveis nessas línguas, esse modelo apresenta uma descrição bastante detalhada dos traços que caracterizam cada um de seus segmentos. Por conta disso, neste trabalho, foi possível não apenas levantar alguns traços articulatórios que têm valor distintivo na fonologia da libras, mas também esboçar uma análise segmental para alguns de seus itens lexicais. This research aimed at doing a first description of the phonetic-phonological units of Brazilian Sign Language (libras). To do so, I assumed Liddell & Johnson (2000 [1989])\'s proposal, according to which signed languages\' lexical items are structured by segments, in the same way as spoken languages\' words. This model not only offers a segmental analysis for the signs, but also makes possible a detailed description of their articulatory features. For that reason, in this research, it was possible to identify some libras\'s features used to distinguish signs, as well as outline a segmental analysis to some of its lexical items.

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MacDonald, Darren T. "Image segment processing for analysis and visualization." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27641.

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This thesis is a study of the probabilistic relationship between objects in an image and image appearance. We give a hierarchical, probabilistic criterion for the Bayesian segmentation of photographic images. We validate the segmentation against the Berkeley Segmentation Data Set, where human subjects were asked to partition digital images into segments each representing a 'distinguished thing'. We show that there exists a strong dependency between the hierarchical segmentation criterion, based on our assumptions about the visual appearance of objects, and the distribution of ground truth data. That is, if two pixels have similar visual properties then they will often have the same ground truth state. Segmentation accuracy is quantified by measuring the information cross-entropy between the ground truth probability distribution and an estimate obtained from the segmentation. We consider the proposed method for estimating joint ground truth probability to be an important tool for future image analysis and visualization work.

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Vongvixay, Amphone. "Modèle d'évolution sédimentaire d'un segment de rivière." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65565.pdf.

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Whidby, Jon Clark. "Precision machining of a turbine nozzle segment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17306.

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Pavan, Carmen M. "Influenza B virus : segment 7 gene expression." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55673.

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Nguyen, Minh Hoai. "Segment-based SVMs for Time Series Analysis." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/202.

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Enabling computers to understand human and animal behavior has the potential to revolutionize many areas that benefit society such as clinical diagnosis, human-computer interaction, and social robotics. Critical to the understanding of human and animal behavior, and any temporally-varying phenomenon in general, is the capability to segment, classify, and cluster time series data. This thesis proposes segment-based Support Vector Machines (Seg-SVMs), a framework for supervised, weakly-supervised, and unsupervised time series analysis. Seg-SVMs outperform state-of-the-art approaches by combining three powerful ideas: energy-based structure prediction, bag-of-words representation, and maximum-margin learning. Energy-based structure prediction provides a principled mechanism for concurrent top-down recognition and bottom-up temporal localization. Bag-of-words representation provides segment-based features that tolerate misalignment errors and are computationally efficient. Maximum-margin learning, such as SVM and Structure Output SVM, has a convex learning formulation; it produces classifiers that are discriminative and less prone to over-fitting. In this thesis, we show how Seg-SVMs outperform state-of-the-art approaches for segmenting, classifying, and clustering human and animal behavior in video and accelerometer data of varying complexity. We illustrate these benefits in the problems of facial event detection, sequence labeling of human actions, and temporal clustering of animal behavior. In addition, the Seg-SVMs framework naturally provides solutions to two novel problems: early detection of human actions and weakly-supervised discovery of discriminative events.

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Morewood, Nigel Clifford. "Segment boundaries in active normal fault systems." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249514.

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Peacock, David Charles Peter. "Displacement and segment linkage in fault zones." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305893.

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Lee, Steven C. (Steven Cheng-Chi) 1975. "Probabilistic segmentation for segment-based speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47605.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66). by Steven C. Lee. M.Eng.

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Edwards, Alden R. Jr. "Price segment indexing in southern office markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103456.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2016. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (page 26). Real estate is traditionally defined as the space market but before any investor hones in on a geographic area or asset class in which to invest, they must understand their capital limitations. If an investor only has $1 OM to invest and an asset requires $60M in equity, it is reasonable to assume that it is unattainable. Considering such financial limitations the real estate market can be defined in terms of capital investment levels in addition to the traditional delineations of the space market. Investors typically analyze space markets and may benchmark asset prices to an index but these tools do not define the nuances of their particular capital investment level but rather depict a mean of previous or projected investment dynamics. This thesis explores the price dynamics of specific price segments in the Southern office markets of the United States. Regression analyses are used to tease out the marginal differences between price segments. Modeling commercial real estate price dynamics is typically done with a standard OLS repeat-sales regression and we will do the same here for a controlled baseline analysis. However, in order to comprehend the price dynamics of specific price segments within a market this thesis will use a quantile regression model to parse the price market into deciles. This model revealed significant varying degrees of price volatility across the deciles that increased from the lowest price cohort to the highest, confirming the hypothesis. by Alden R. Edwards, Jr. S.M. in Real Estate Development

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Cenci, Caterina. "Regulation of segment-specific neurogenesis in Drosophila." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446838/.

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Following Drosophila embryogenesis, the morphology of the central nervous system (CNS) becomes dramatically remodelled to reflect the different locomotive and sensory requirements of the adult relative to the larva. The late embryonic onset of segment-to-segment differences in the number and mitotic capacity of neural stem cell-like precursors (termed neuroblasts: NBs) is critical to this resculpting process. My studies address the roles of homeodomain and other transcription factors in regulating thoracic and abdominal-specific patterns of neurogenesis, focusing on one embryonic and one larval example. In the embryo, dividing NBs sequentially express a temporal series of transcription factors required to link birth-order to neuronal identity. The study of a group of neurons expressing the early NB-sublineage determinant Hunchback in a thorax-specific pattern (termed the THBs) was initiated. I developed a lineage- labelling method to show that the THB-producing NBs appear to undergo a delay in their sub-lineage transition from Hunchback-positive to negative status, relative to most other NBs. Importantly, gene skipping in the canonical transcription factor series is also observed. Genetic analysis reveals that this thorax-specific pattern of neurogenesis requires homothorax but surprisingly not the thoracic Hox genes. However, in the abdomen, the Hox genes Ultrabithorax and abdominalA are required to suppress the THB phenotype. In the larva, clonal analysis and CNS-specific mutants were used to test several candidate factors potentially regulating NB divisions. This approach identified critical roles for Polycomb group genes and the transcription factor Grainyhead (Grh). I find that Grh, previously implicated as the ultimate NB-sublineage determinant in the embryo, has a differential effect on larval neurogenesis in the thorax versus the abdomen. Individual grh NB lineages in the thorax are smaller than wild type and stop dividing prematurely whereas those in the abdomen are larger and divide for an abnormally long period. Underlying the latter effect is an inability to respond to the normal NB-apoptosis inducing burst of the Hox protein AbdominalA. Thus, these studies identify Grh as a context-factor for Hox function in the larval NBs, linking late but not early AbdominalA expression with NB-apoptosis.

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Tarnoff, David. "Episode 6.07 – 7-Segment Display Driver Design." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/computer-organization-design-oer/47.

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Sometimes, it’s nice to take a look at old tech to learn a new tool. The 7-segment display has been in our lives for years – mostly in alarm clocks. Join us as we use a Karnaugh map to design a driver for one.

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Thummala, Suneel K. "Axon Initial Segment Stability in Multiple Sclerosis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4038.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation and demyelination. In addition to these hallmark features, MS also presents with axonal pathology, which is likely responsible for the signs and symptoms of the disease. Although prominent in MS, axonal pathology is frequently considered a consequence of demyelination and not a primary event. This conclusion is consistent with demyelination inducing the loss of specific axonal domains, known as the nodes of Ranvier that are responsible for the propagation of action potentials along the axon. In contrast, we propose that axonal pathology associated with MS is a primary pathological event, independent of demyelination, and not a product of it. In support of our hypothesis, we have analyzed a different axonal domain known as the axon initial segment. Whereas a single axon has numerous nodes of Ranvier uniformly distributed along the axon, each axon contains only a single axon initial segment that is positioned immediately distal to the neuronal cell body. The axon initial segment is responsible for action potential generation and modulation, and hence is essential for normal neuronal function. Background studies conducted by our lab, employing a murine model of demyelination/remyelination, revealed no correlation between axon initial segment stability and myelin integrity. Here we investigate the fate of the axon initial segment in human multiple sclerosis. While not statistically significant, we provide data demonstrating an apparent 40% reduction in AIS numbers in MS. We further provide qualitative evidence that AIS integrity in MS is not dependent on myelination suggestive that axonal pathology may be a primary event in MS, independent of demyelination. Our current findings are intriguing, but unfortunately this study is underpowered, and more samples will be required to determine whether this apparent reduction is statistically significant.

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Kostečková, Irena. "IKEA - projekt pro specifický segment malých podnikatelů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3552.

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Diplomová práce se ve své první části věnuje charakteristice trhu nábytku v České republice a představuje společnost IKEA. Druhá aplikační část se zaměřuje na celosvětový projekt IKEA pro segment malých podnikatelů, jehož smyslem je rozšířéní portfolia zázníků, růst tržeb společnosti a její mezinárodní rozvoj. Práce popisuje podstatu projektu, jeho realizaci a přínos jak pro společnost tak pro její zákazníky.

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Li, Chak Fai. "Improved polynomial segment model for speech recognition /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20LI.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Hosseini-Chaleshtari, Jamshid. "Segment Congruence Analysis: An Information Theoretic Approach." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/797.

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When there are several possible segmentation variables, marketers must investigate the ramifications of their potential interactions. These include their mutual association, the identification of the best (the distinguished) segmentation variable and its predictability by a set of descriptor variables, and the structure of the multivariate system(s) obtained from the segmentation and descriptor variables. This procedure has been defined as segment congruence analysis (SCA). This study utilizes the information theoretic and the log-linear/logit approaches to address a variety of research questions in segment congruence analysis. It is shown that the information theoretic approach expands the scope of SCA and offers some advantages over traditional methods. Data obtained from a survey conducted by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and Northwest utilities is used to demonstrate the information theoretic and the log-linear/logit approaches and compare these two methods. The survey was designed to obtain information on energy consumption habits, attitudes toward selected energy issues, and the conservation measures utilized by the residents in the Pacific Northwest. The analyses are performed in two distinct phases. Phase I includes assessment of mutual association among segmentation variables and four methods (based on different information theoretic functions) for identifying candidates for the distinguished variable. Phase II addresses the selection and analysis of the distinguished variable. This variable is selected either a priori or by assessment of its predictability from (segmentation or exogenous) descriptor variables. The relations between the distinguished variable and the descriptor variables are further analyzed by examining the predictability issue in greater detail and by evaluating structural models of the multivariate systems. The methodological conclusions of this study are that the information theoretic and log-linear methods have deep similarities. The analyses produced intuitively plausible results. In Phase I, energy related awareness, behavior, perceptions, attitudes, and electricity consumption were identified as candidate segmentation variables. In Phase II, using exogenous descriptor variables, electricity consumption was selected as the distinguished variable. The analysis of this variable indicated that the demographic factors, type of dwelling, and geoclimatic environment are among the most important determinants of electricity consumption.

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Bernards, Oliver. "Segmentberichterstattung diversifizierter Unternehmen : theoretische und empirische Analyse /." Bergisch Gladbach ; Köln : Eul, 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006567359&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Basarani, Sukrie, Jessica Sandberg, and Gulcin Tumer. "Segmentmarknadsföring av turistiska attraktioner : En fallstudie av Gröna Lunds tivoli." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2766.

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In today’s society, consumers are individuals with varying needs. This means that companies need to adapt their products accordingly. The competition between companies is strong and mass marketing is no longer useful to the same extent. That is when segment marketing can be suggested as an alternative.The purpose with this bachelor thesis is to examine whether segment marketing is used in thetourism industry, when marketing attractions. The purpose is also to examine whether segment marketing is used in relation to foreign tourists and what pros and cons segment marketing has. The primary material of this bachelor thesis is based on interviews with the attraction Gröna Lunds Tivoli, Stockholm Visitors Board, Kungliga Djurgårdens Intressenter, Pool Interactive AB and promotion material of Gröna Lund. The secondary sources consist ofliterature, scientific articles and websites.This examination, with a case study of Gröna Lunds Tivoli, has shown that a form of segmentation is used when marketing attractions. This is done in combination with general marketing. Segmentation has been done by ads on selected platforms to reach the main target groups. The case study has shown that no segment marketing is done in relation to foreign tourist. Gröna Lunds Tivoli refer their foreign tourist to the Stockholm Visitors Board, where information is available in brochures, and to the official website where information in Englishis available. All marketing is targeted to domestic tourist in the Stockholm and Mälardalen regions, where the majority of Gröna Lunds visitors come from.Segmented marketing is used in combination with general marketing which makes it difficultdo discern any clear benefits. The main disadvantage of segment marketing is the costs. It is not considered to be profitable because of the high costs of developing various strategies fordifferent sub-markets. At the same time it can be risky to exclude any visitors since attractionsare dependent on every single visitor.

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Ярош, Т. М., та І. А. Підопригора. "Сегментація сподивачів ринку продовольчих товарів". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19975.

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Kaluza, Robin <1993&gt. "Car Sedan Segment Analysis A Customer-Centric Approach on Predicting the Future Sales Potential of the Car Sedan Segment." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14915.

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The present thesis critically scrutinizes the currently implemented strategic planning approach within the Daimler AG. Against the background of a highly dynamic market environment and the emergence of disruptive innovations within the automotive industry, achieving the necessary quality in sales planning, as demanded by associated stakeholders, has become increasingly challenging. Conventional sales planning methods are queried, and actions fields identified. In the context of the Premium Car Sedan Segment in the Chinese, Japanese and South Korean passenger car market, customer-centricity is reinforced. Within a predefined scope, hypothesis are created in an attempt to support the theory, that the sales potential for certain body types of vehicles can be reliably forecasted against a number of relevant indicators strongly associated with the customer in the respective market. Enabled by the progress that has been made in terms of digitalization, identified factors need to be verified by their ability to be distinguished against two perspectives – market specificities on the one hand, and body type relevant characteristics on the other. The processing of data as well as the integration in accessible business intelligence solutions are key enablers for the conducted research. With regards to the benefits that emerge from such tools, this paper as well as the affiliated analysis serve as pilot project for the enhancements within the strategic sales planning of the Daimler AG.

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Jin, Tuofu. "Post-entry operation of foreign firms in a host country: the role of mutual forbearance and organisational learning in their product segment entry choices." Master's thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139178.

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International business scholars who are interested in how foreign firms enter and operate in a host market have predominantly focused on the decisions managers make at the time of entry. Consequently, as Hennart and Slangen (2015) have pointed out, we know relatively little about foreign firms’ post-entry operation. Moreover, the few studies that have examined the post-entry operation of foreign subsidiaries in a host market have focused mostly on changes in governance mode (Chang & Rosenzweig 2001; Driffield, Mickiewicz & Tethemouri 2016; Puck, Holtbrügge & Mohr 2009). Changes of product scope in the host country—which is a function of the subsidiary’s choice of which product segments in the host country to enter or stay out of—has received comparatively sparse attention (except for Chang 1995; Mitchell, Shaver & Yeung 1994). In this study, I examined the product segment entry decisions of foreign automobile assemblers in the United States in a bid to better understand their post-entry dynamics in their product scope. First, I took a historical approach and examined Honda Motor and BMW’s initial entry and product scope dynamics in the United States auto market. Next, I conducted a quantitative study to understand the potential drivers of foreign firms’ segment choices during their post-entry into a host market. Specifically, I developed predictions from mutual forbearance and organisational learning perspectives, and tested them using data on product segment entries by foreign automobile assemblers in the United States between 1987 and 2015. Results show that foreign firms take into account both their rivals’ reaction function and their own operating experience in a product segment when they make segment choice decisions. Specifically, a foreign firm’s probability of entering a product segment has a curvilinear relationship with its multi-segment contact level with rivals in that segment and a positive relationship with its own prior experience in that segment. Further, the curvilinear relationship between segment entry likelihood and multi-segment contact is strengthened as a foreign firm’s prior segment experience increases. This study makes three theoretical contributions. First, it adds to international business scholars’ knowledge of foreign firms’ post-entry operation, particularly their segment choice dynamics. Second, it discusses two time orientations, namely, future and past’s role in foreign firms’ segment choice decision-making. Third, my focus on product segment choice aligns the foreign market entry literature with the real business environment. Indeed, after their initial entry into a host market, foreign firms will face competition at the product segment level; yet, to date, overwhelming attention has been given to geographical market choice.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Segment'

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