To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Segment.
Journal articles on the topic 'Segment'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Segment.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rodríguez-Hernández, Ana, Albert L. Rhoton, and Michael T. Lawton. "Segmental anatomy of cerebellar arteries: a proposed nomenclature." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 2 (August 2011): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.3.jns101413.
Full textAbstract:
Object The conceptual division of intracranial arteries into segments provides a better understanding of their courses and a useful working vocabulary. Segmental anatomy of cerebral arteries is commonly cited by a numerical nomenclature, but an analogous nomenclature for cerebellar arteries has not been described. In this report, the microsurgical anatomy of the cerebellar arteries is reviewed, and a numbering system for cerebellar arteries is proposed. Methods Cerebellar arteries were designated by the first letter of the artery's name in lowercase letters, distinguishing them from cerebral arteries with the same first letter of the artery's name. Segmental anatomy was numbered in ascending order from proximal to distal segments. Results The superior cerebellar artery was divided into 4 segments: s1, anterior pontomesencephalic segment; s2, lateral pontomesencephalic segment; s3, cerebellomesencephalic segment; and s4, cortical segment. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery was divided into 4 segments: a1, anterior pontine segment; a2, lateral pontine segment; a3, flocculopeduncular segment; and a4, cortical segment. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery was divided into 5 segments: p1, anterior medullary segment; p2, lateral medullary segment; p3, tonsillomedullary segment; p4, telovelotonsillar segment; and p5, cortical segment. Conclusions The proposed nomenclature for segmental anatomy of cerebellar artery complements established nomenclature for segmental anatomy of cerebral arteries. This nomenclature is simple, easy to learn, and practical. The nomenclature localizes distal cerebellar artery aneurysms and also localizes an anastomosis or describes a graft's connections to donor and recipient arteries. These applications of the proposed nomenclature with cerebellar arteries mimic the applications of the established nomenclature with cerebral arteries.
2
Ardhi, Ardhi, and Yayuk Nurjanah. "Analisis Kebijakan Segmen Pada Perusahaan Asosiasi Serta Kaitannya Dengan PSAK No 5." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v2i3.841.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to analyze segment policies applied by association companies, and investigate if such application is in accordance with PSAK No. 5. Generally companies ' segments are consisted of business and geographical segments. The business segment is divided based into products and services. Mean while, the geographical segment is based on its operating regions. The form of its report is consisted ofsegmented income statement, segmented assets and liabilities, reconciled total revenue, and other material elements between the segment and entities. The result show that most associated companies run their operating segmen based on business and geographic, and not every companies disclose them in accordance with PSAK No. 5.
 Kata kunci: Business Segment, Geographical Segment, Operating Segment
3
Easton, P. A., J. W. Fitting, R. Arnoux, A. Guerraty, and A. E. Grassino. "Costal and crural diaphragm function during CO2 rebreathing in awake dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 1406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.3.1406.
Full textAbstract:
If costal and crural diaphragm segments can perform as separate muscles, then CO2-stimulated ventilation may elicit differential segmental function. We studied diaphragm segmental length, shortening, and electromyogram (EMG) activity in 10 awake dogs chronically implanted with sonomicrometer transducers and EMG electrodes. During CO2 rebreathing, segmental shortening and EMG activity per whole tidal breath progressively increased, but segmental responses could not be differentiated at any level of CO2. With increasing CO2, resting end-expiratory length of both diaphragm segments increased. During the complete intrabreath inspiratory-expiratory cycle, costal and crural diaphragm revealed distinctive segmental function. At rest, crural shortening exceeded costal shortening in earliest inspiration, costal and especially crural shortening persisted into early expiration, and EMG activity of the crural segment was greater than that of the costal segment in earliest inspiration and showed more end-inspiratory/early expiratory [post-inspiratory inspiratory activity (PIIA)] activity. During CO2-stimulated breathing, neither segment shortened during the inspiratory flow of earliest inspiration. During CO2 rebreathing, shortening of the crural segment exceeded that of the costal segment during early inspiration and outlasted costal shortening during expiration; for both segments, shortening persisted after termination of inspiratory airflow. With increased CO2, EMG activity of the crural segment preceded that of the costal segment in earliest inspiration and was dominant into expiration, whereas costal EMG activity terminated abruptly with inspiratory flow. Thus, costal EMG PIIA was not evident during hypercapnia, whereas crural EMG PIIA was significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4
Brilianto, Mohammad Algi, Silvia Sukirman, and Welly Pradipta. "Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan Jalan Logging di Kabupaten Penajam, Kalimantan Timur. (Hal. 47-57))." RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana.v4i2.47.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAKPerkerasan merupakan salah satu komponen prasarana pada kegiatan logging yang harus didesain agar dapat melayani lalu-lintas kendaraan berat. Metode Austroads 2006 dan Bina Marga 2017 merupakan panduan dalam perencanaan tebal perkerasan jalan logging. Studi kasus untuk penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Penajam, Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari konsultan perencana, niilai CBR pada ruas jalan rencana dibagi menjadi empat segmen dengan nilai CBR pada segmen 1 = 3%, segmen 2 = 9%, segmen 3 = 29% dan segmen 4 = 9%. Perencanaan dilakukan dengan umur rencana 10 tahun dan tingkat pertumbuhan 3%. Jenis perkerasan yang digunakan untuk kedua metode berupa batu pecah. Hasil perencanaan tebal perkerasan menggunakan metode Austroads 2006 untuk segmen 1 = 480 mm, segmen 2 = 320 mm, segmen 3 = 160 mm dan segmen 4 = 320 mm. Hasil perencanaan tebal perkerasan menggunakan metode Bina Marga 2017 untuk segmen 1 = 480 mm, segmen 2 = 260 mm, segmen 3 = 140 mm dan segmen 4 = 260 mm.Kata kunci: perencanaan tebal perkerasan jalan logging ABSTRACTPavement is one of the infrastructure components in logging activities that must be designed in order to serve heavy vehicle traffic. Austroads 2006 method and Bina Marga 2017 methodis a guide to design the thickness of logging pavement. Case study for this research was conducted in Penajam District, East Kalimantan. Based on the data obtained from the planner consultant, the CBR value on the road plan is divided into four segments with CBR value in segment 1 = 3%, segment 2 = 9%, segment 3 = 29% and segment 4 = 9%. The planning is done with 10 years and 3% growth rate. Types of pavement used for both methods is granular. The results of pavement thickness planning using Austroads 2006 method for segment 1 = 480 mm, segment 2 = 320 mm, segment 3 = 160 mm and segment 4 = 320 mm. The results of pavement thickness planning using Bina Marga 2017 method for segment 1 = 480 mm, segment 2 = 260 mm, segment 3 = 140 mm and segment 4 = 260 mm.Keywords: thickness design of pavement logging
5
Durbin, L., P. Sordino, A. Barrios, M. Gering, C. Thisse, B. Thisse, C. Brennan, A. Green, S. Wilson, and N. Holder. "Anteroposterior patterning is required within segments for somite boundary formation in developing zebrafish." Development 127, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 1703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.8.1703.
Full textAbstract:
Somite formation involves the establishment of a segmental prepattern in the presomitic mesoderm, anteroposterior patterning of each segmental primordium and formation of boundaries between adjacent segments. How these events are co-ordinated remains uncertain. In this study, analysis of expression of zebrafish mesp-a reveals that each segment acquires anteroposterior regionalisation when located in the anterior presomitic mesoderm. Thus anteroposterior patterning is occurring after the establishment of a segmental prepattern in the paraxial mesoderm and prior to somite boundary formation. Zebrafish fss(−), bea(−), des(−) and aei(−) embryos all fail to form somites, yet we demonstrate that a segmental prepattern is established in the presomitic mesoderm of all these mutants and hox gene expression shows that overall anteroposterior patterning of the mesoderm is also normal. However, analysis of various molecular markers reveals that anteroposterior regionalisation within each segment is disturbed in the mutants. In fss(−), there is a loss of anterior segment markers, such that all segments appear posteriorized, whereas in bea(−), des(−) and aei(−), anterior and posterior markers are expressed throughout each segment. Since somite formation is disrupted in these mutants, correct anteroposterior patterning within segments may be a prerequisite for somite boundary formation. In support of this hypothesis, we show that it is possible to rescue boundary formation in fss(−) through the ectopic expression of EphA4, an anterior segment marker, in the paraxial mesoderm. These observations indicate that a key consequence of the anteroposterior regionalisation of segments may be the induction of Eph and ephrin expression at segment interfaces and that Eph/ephrin signalling subsequently contributes to the formation of somite boundaries.
6
Pardede, Robert Pius, and Tri Ernawati. "Analisis Penerapan PSAK 5 (Revisi 2009) terhadap Pengungkapan Segmen Operasi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 5, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v5i2.86.
Full textAbstract:
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is committed to improve their standards’ quality, which is the global accounting standards that reflect information in financial statements as transparent and comparable for public purposes. The International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provide guidelines in creating and interpreting companies’ financial statements (Iatridis & Dalla, 2011). The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of the application of PSAK 5 (revised 2009). PSAK 5 (revised 2009) requires segment disclosure based on the internal reporting reviewed by the operation decision maker. PSAK 5 (revised 2000) requires companies to disclose segments information based on the format of the primary and secondary segments as identified per products / services that generate the same level of risk and return. The six analytical frameworks developed for this research, namely: (1) analysis of the presentation of segment information based on PSAK 5 (revised 2000) versus PSAK 5 (revised 2009), (2) analysis of the determination and identification of operational decision-making, (3) the analysis of the definition and identification operating segments between industry sectors, (4) analysis of segment aggregation, (5) analysis of determination of the reportable segments, and (6) analysis of reported segment disclosures. In conclusion, generally, the disclosure of segment information based on PSAK 5 (revised 2009) by using the management approach yields a more complete segment report, by conveying more relevant segmental information from the standpoint of management's internal performance than the previous standard, which was PSAK 5 (revised 2000). 
 This research found significant changes related to an increase in the disclosure of segment disclosure in business segments, segment aggregation, and basic information on company's segmental performance measurement in Indonesia.
7
McAndrew, D., M. Gorelick, and J. M. M. Brown. "MUSCLES WITHIN MUSCLES: A MECHANOMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MUSCLE SEGMENT CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES WITHIN HUMAN GLUTEUS MAXIMUS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 10, no. 01 (March 2006): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957706001704.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this investigation was to determine the contractile properties of motor units within 3 segments of the gluteus maximus utilizing a laser-based mechanomyographic (MMG) technique. The intention was to determine whether there were segmental differences in motor unit contractile properties and whether these differences may be related to the muscle segment's function and its fibre type composition. Ten subjects were recruited from the student population at the University of Wollongong. Maximal percutaneous neuromuscular stimulation (PNS) was delivered to the medial and lateral portions of three (cranial, middle, caudal) muscle segments of the gluteus maximus by an MMG stimulator. An MMG laser sensor measured the lateral displacement of the muscle segment belly resulting from the development of maximal isometric tension. Parameters characterizing the MMG waveforms were statistically compared to determine variations in contractile properties both within (medial to lateral) and between segments. Our results indicated that the contractile properties of motor units varied significantly (p < 0.05) between, but not within (medial to lateral), the three segments of the gluteus maximus. Most the gluteus maximus. Most notably, segment contraction time (t c ) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in a cranio to caudal direction suggesting a variation in muscle fibre type composition within the three segments of the muscle. Even when corrected for differences in muscle belly displacement between subjects, the cranial segment was found to have a significantly (p < 0.05) longer contraction time than the two more caudal segments. The results suggest that the gluteus maximus was composed of muscle segments that were physiologically, as well as anatomically, designed to fulfil particular roles during everyday motor tasks. Based upon these results, the MMG technique appears to have considerable utility for the non-invasive assessment of muscle segment contractile properties for both laboratory and clinical applications.
8
Fatmawati, Dian Surya Ayu, Bambang Subroto, and Aulia Fuad Rahman. "PENGUNGKAPAN JUMLAH SEGMEN PASCA KONVERGENSI IFRS." Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan 8, no. 2 (October 22, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v8i2.35.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine what extent of disclosure segmental reporting after IFRS convergence in Indonesia. The great value of this study is highlighted by the effort to empirically investigate the beginning impact of segmental disclosure standard to segment number. Descriptive analysis was used to describe changes of Line Of Business (LOB) segment, geographical segment, level of specificity number. The study consist of 32 Multinational company that listing in Indonesian Stock Exchange (ISE) at 2012-2017. Thus result show that number and types of segments reported decrease 4% for LOB and 2% for geographic segment and using more disaggregated at geographic level. Those findings about changing can help to lead an insight of segmental disclosure implementation in the future.
9
Gleizer, L., and G. S. Stent. "Developmental origin of segmental identity in the leech mesoderm." Development 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.117.1.177.
Full textAbstract:
Segmentation in the leech embryo is established by a stereotyped cell lineage. Each of the 32 segments arises from homologous, bilaterally symmetrical complements of mesodermal and ectodermal blast cell clones. Although segments are homologous, they are regionally differentiated along the longitudinal body axis. Various segments display idiosyncratic ensembles of features, which constitute discrete segmental identities. The differentiation of segment-specific features, such as the mesoderm-derived nephridia, genital primordia and identified Small Cardioactive Peptide immunoreactive neurons, reflects a diversification of the developmental fates of homologous blast cell clones. We have investigated whether segment-specific differentiation of homologous mesodermal blast cell clones depends on cell-intrinsic mechanisms (based on the cells' lineage history) or on cell-extrinsic mechanisms (based on the cells' interactions with their environment) in embryos of Theromyzon rude. For this purpose, we first mapped the segment-specific fates of individual mesodermal blast cell clones, and then induced mesodermal clones to take part in the formation of segments for which they are not normally destined. Two types of ectopic segmental position were produced: one in which a mesodermal blast cell clone was out of register with all other consegmental cells and one in which a mesodermal blast cell clone was out of register with its overlying ectoderm, but was in normal register with the mesoderm and ectoderm on the other side of the embryo. Mesodermal blast cell clones that developed in either type of ectopic segmental position gave rise to segment-specific features characteristic of their original segmental fates rather than their ectopic positions. Thus, the development of segmental identity in the leech mesoderm is attributable to a cell-intrinsic mechanism and, either before or soon after their birth, mesodermal blast cells are autonomously committed to segment-specific fates.
10
Gao, Huijie, and Chao Liu. "Demarcation of arteriopulmonary segments: a novel and effective method for the identification of pulmonary segments." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 5 (May 2021): 030006052110143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211014383.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Each pulmonary segment is an anatomical and functional unit. However, it is fundamentally difficult to precisely distinguish every pulmonary segment using the conventional pulmonary intersegmental planes from computed tomography images. Building arteriopulmonary segments is likely to be an effective way to identify pulmonary segments. Methods The thoracic computed tomography images of 40 patients were collected. The anatomic structures of interest were extracted in the transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes using the semi-automated segmentation tools provided by Amira software. The intrapulmonary vessels were subsequently segmented and reconstructed. The distributions of the pulmonary arteries, veins, and bronchi were observed. In patients with pulmonary masses, the mass was also reconstructed. Results The three-dimensional reconstructed images showed the branches of the pulmonary artery ramified up to their eighth order covering the entire lung as well as evident intersegmental gaps without pulmonary arteries. The segmental artery was closely accompanied by the segmental bronchi in 486 pulmonary segments (90% of total number of segments). The size and spatial location of the pulmonary mass within a pulmonary segment were also clearly visible. Conclusions Demarcation of arteriopulmonary segments can be used to precisely distinguish every pulmonary segment and provide its detailed anatomical structure before pulmonary segmentectomy.
11
Adiyoga, Witono. "Segmentasi Konsumen Kentang, Bawang Merah, dan Cabai Merah Berdasarkan Peubah Sosio-Demografis dan Kepentingan Kriteria Produk." Jurnal Hortikultura 21, no. 4 (December 2, 2011): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v21n4.2011.p353-371.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi segmen-segmen konsumen kentang, bawang merah, dan cabai merah berdasarkan peubah sosio-demografis dan persepsi tentang kepentingan kriteria produk. Penelitian survai dilaksanakan di tiga kota besar konsumen utama sayuran, yaitu Jakarta (DKI Jaya), Bandung (Jawa Barat), dan Padang (Sumatera Barat) pada bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2006. Responden terdiri dari 335 konsumen kentang, bawang merah, dan cabai merah yang dipilih secara acak. Alat analisis yang digunakan ialah statistik deskriptif, tabulasi silang, dan analisis klaster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk kentang, dua peubah sosio-demografis (pendidikan dan pengeluaran) dan 11 peubah kriteria produk (kesegaran, rasa, kebersihan, nilai gizi, tidak mengandung residu pestisida, penampakan luar, tidak ada tanda busuk, harga, kemasan, label produk, dan kenyamanan tempat pembelian) berpengaruh nyata terhadap perbedaan karakteristik segmen konsumen kentang. Jumlah segmen konsumen kentang yang dianggap paling sensible (pantas/masuk akal) ialah tiga segmen (segmen 1=120 orang, segmen 2=12 orang, dan segmen 3=203 orang). Berdasarkan komposisi tersebut, pemasar/petani kentang disarankan agar lebih mengarahkan strategi pemasarannya ke segmen 3. Untuk bawang merah, tiga peubah sosio-demografis (pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan pengeluaran) dan 13 peubah kriteria produk (kesegaran, kebersihan, nilai gizi, tidak mengandung residu pestisida, penampakan luar, tidak ada tanda busuk, harga, warna, aroma, label produk, produk lokal, produk impor, dan kenyamanan tempat pembelian) berpengaruh nyata terhadap perbedaan karakteristik segmen konsumen bawang merah. Jumlah segmen konsumen bawang merah yang dianggap paling sensible ialah dua segmen (segmen 1=113 orang dan segmen 2=222 orang). Komposisi anggota klaster tersebut menyarankan kepada pemasar/petani bawang merah agar lebih mengarahkan strategi pemasarannya ke segmen 2. Untuk cabai merah, empat peubah sosio-demografis (pendidikan, pekerjaan, pengeluaran, dan frekuensi memasak sendiri) dan 11 peubah kriteria produk (kesegaran, rasa, kebersihan, nilai gizi, tidak mengandung residu pestisida, penampakan luar, tidak ada tanda busuk, harga, warna, label produk, dan kenyamanan tempat pembelian) berpengaruh nyata terhadap perbedaan karakteristik segmen konsumen cabai merah. Jumlah segmen konsumen cabai merah yang dianggap paling sensible ialah tiga segmen (segmen 1=152 orang, segmen 2=2 orang, dan segmen 3=181 orang). Komposisi anggota klaster tersebut menyarankan kepada pemasar/petani cabai merah agar lebih mengarahkan strategi pemasarannya ke segmen 3 dan 1. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu mempertimbangkan pencantuman peubah kriteria produk secara lebih terinci dan spesifik.<br /><br /><br /><br />The objective of this study was to identify market or consumer segments of potato, shallots, and hot peppers based on socio-demographic variables and the importance of product criteria. Consumer surveys were carried out in three big cities of vegetable main consumer in Indonesia i.e. Jakarta (DKI Jaya), Bandung (West Java), and Padang (West Sumatera) from June to September 2006. Respondents of these surveys were 335 potato, shallots, and hot peppers consumers who were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, and cluster analysis were used for data elaboration. Results show that for potato, two socio-demographic variables (education and expenditures) and 11 product criteria variables (freshness, taste, cleanliness, nutrient value, no pesticide-residue, appearance, no blemishes, price, packing, product label, and convenient purchasing place) were significantly contributing to the separation of the potato clusters. Three clusters are identified as the most sensible subgroup for potato consumer segments i.e. segment 1=120 cases, segment 2=12 cases, and segment 3=203 cases. Based on this composition, potato marketers/farmers were suggested to focus on segment 3 for implementing their marketing mix strategy. For shallots, three socio-demographic variables (education, employment, and expenditures) and 13 product criteria variables (freshness, cleanliness, nutrient value, no pesticide-residue, appearance, no blemishes, price, color, aroma, product label, local product, imported product, and convenient purchasing place) were significantly contributing to the separation of the shallots clusters. Two clusters were identified as the most sensible subgroup for shallots consumer segments i.e. segment 1=113 cases and segment 2=222 cases. Based on this composition, shallots marketers/farmers are suggested to focus on segment 2 for implementing their marketing mix strategy. For hot peppers, four socio-demographic variables (education, employment, expenditures, and self-cooking frequency), and 11 product criteria variables (freshness, taste, cleanliness, nutrient value, no pesticide-residue, appearance, no blemishes, price, color, product label, and convenient purchasing place) were significantly contributing to the separation of the hot peppers clusters. Three clusters were identified as the most sensible subgroup for hot peppers consumer segments i.e. segment 1=152 cases, segment 2=2 cases, and segment 3=181 cases. Based on this composition, hot peppers marketers/farmers were suggested to focus on segment 3 and 1 for implementing their marketing mix strategy. Further study needs to consider involving more detailed and more specific product criteria variables. <br /><br />
12
Park, Jae-Hong, Youngbae B. Kim, Seung-Jae Hyun, Kyu-Bok Kang, and Pil-Sun Park. "Changes in Thoracic Kyphosis and Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Asymptomatic Korean Male Subjects Aged >50 Years: Do They Progress Above T5, T10, T12, or L2?" Asian Spine Journal 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2019.0060.
Full textAbstract:
Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Purpose: To evaluate the natural progression of segmental kyphosis in thoracic and thoracolumbar spine with advancing age.Overview of Literature: To our knowledge, the evolution of segmental thoracic kyphosis (TK) in individuals aged >50 years has not been reported.Methods: Total 179 normal, asymptomatic Korean men were divided in to three groups (6th, 7th, and 8th decade) according to their age. Standard sagittal spinopelvic parameters, including TK and thoracolumbar kyphosis, were measured and subdivided into the following four segments: A (C7 upper end plate [UEP]–T5 UEP), B (T5 UEP–T10 UEP), C (T10 UEP–T12 lower end plate [LEP]), and D (T12 LEP–L2 LEP). These segments of the three study groups were analyzed.Results: In segment B, the segmental kyphosis of group 3 (20.2°±8.0°) showed a statistically larger value than that of group 1 (15.6°±6.8°) and group 2 (16.7°±8.8°) (p=0.017). In segment C, the segmental kyphosis of group 2 (12.9°±6.5°) and group 3 (12.2°±7.1°) showed statistically larger values than that of group 1 (9.5°±6.2°) (p=0.016). The A and D segments of the three groups were not significantly different.Conclusions: Increased TK was observed in the middle (segment B) and lower (segment C) thoracic segments in normal asymptomatic male subjects with age. The results from the natural progression of segmental kyphosis with age would provide baseline reference data to help surgeons choose the optimal point of the upper instrumented vertebra level for preventing proximal junctional kyphosis.
13
Diehl, Randy L. "On segments and segment boundaries." Journal of Phonetics 15, no. 3 (July 1987): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30573-x.
Full text
14
Nardelli-Haefliger, D., and M. Shankland. "Lox2, a putative leech segment identity gene, is expressed in the same segmental domain in different stem cell lineages." Development 116, no. 3 (November 1, 1992): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.116.3.697.
Full textAbstract:
The segmented tissues of the adult leech arise from a set of five, bilaterally paired embryonic stem cells via a stereotyped sequence of cell lineage. Individual segments exhibit unique patterns of cell differentiation, and previous studies have suggested that each stem cell lineage establishes at least some aspects of its own segmental specificity autonomously. In this paper, we describe a putative leech segment identity gene, Lox2, and examine its expression in the various stem cell lineages. Both sequence analysis and the segmental pattern of Lox2 expression suggest a specific homology to the fruitfly segment identity genes Ubx and abdA. In situ hybridization reveals a cellular accumulation of Lox2 RNA over a contiguous domain of 16 midbody segments (M6-M21), including postmitotic neurons, muscles and the differentiating genitalia. Lox2 transcripts were not detected at the stage when segment identities are first established, suggesting that Lox2 gene products may not be part of the initial specification process. Individual stem cell lineages were labeled by intracellular injection of fluorescent tracers, and single cell colocalization of lineage tracer and hybridization reaction product revealed expression of Lox2 RNA in the progeny of four different stem cells. The segmental domain of Lox2 RNA was very similar in the various stem cell lineages, despite the fact that some stem cells generate one founder cell/segment, whereas other stem cells generate two founder cells/segment.
15
Hall, Anja. "Sind Abiturientenberufe immer von Vorteil? Schulbildungsbezogene Segmentation in der Ausbildung und überqualifizierte Beschäftigung bei Männern und Frauen." Zeitschrift für Soziologie 50, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2021): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Zusammenfassung Die Berufe des dualen Systems unterscheiden sich nicht nur horizontal nach ihrer fachlichen Ausrichtung, sondern auch vertikal hinsichtlich des schulbildungsspezifischen Zugangs. Im Beitrag werden deshalb ein höheres, ein mittleres und ein niedrigeres Segment unterschieden. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit diese Segmente die Wahrscheinlichkeit beeinflussen, überqualifiziert beschäftigt zu sein, d. h. eine Tätigkeit unterhalb des Ausbildungsniveaus auszuüben. Die Analysen basieren auf den Daten der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018 und logistischen Mehrebenenmodellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Überqualifizierung zwar mit der Höhe des Segments sinkt, der Segmenteffekt jedoch mit dem Geschlecht interagiert. Während sich bei Männern zwischen höherem und mittlerem Segment kein Unterschied im Überqualifizierungsrisiko zeigt, sind die typischen Abiturientenberufe des höheren Segments bei Frauen mit einer deutlich geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit der Überqualifizierung verbunden. Unterschiede zu Männern zeigen sich im höheren Segment nicht.
16
Tang, Hong Yuan, and Zhe Lin Fan. "Theory Analysis of Full-Scale Segment Model of Huaian Cable-Stayed Bridge Pylon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4614.
Full textAbstract:
The difference of the mechanical performance between the whole bridge pylon and the segment model are analyzed in theoretical method to provide theoretical support for the full-scale segmental model test study. Firstly, choose the most representative full-scale segment in anchorage zone of bridge pylon. Secondly, select the whole model composed of several segments. Finally, analysis the stress distributions in two models under the working load and the cracking load. In the coordinate segment position, stress distribution under design cable force in whole model and full scale segment model is almost the same. It indicates that the working performance of the anchorage zone in the bridge pylon can be studied through the full-scale segment model test.
17
ZHANG, SHIMENG, LAURENCE A. MOUND, and JINIAN FENG. "Systematic significance of antennal segmentation and sense cones in Thripidae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia)." Zootaxa 4554, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Variation is discussed concerning the number of antennal segments in adults, and the number of their sense cones, among 182 of the 289 genera of Thripidae. Brief comments are also made concerning antennal structure and sensoria among the other seven terebrantian families. The plesiotypic condition for Thysanoptera is 9-segmented antennae, but fusion between various segments leads to a reduction in number to as few as five segments, and such fusion occurs in unrelated species. In Thripidae, antennal segment III never bears more than one sense cone, but the distribution of sense cones on segments IV–VIII varies and is tabulated. On antennal segment IV, species in nearly all Panchaetothripinae genera and more than half of Thripinae genera have two sense cones, but genera of Dendrothripinae and Sericothripinae bear only one on this segment. The differing patterns of segmental fusion that occur in Thripidae are discussed in association with the number of sense cones on VI–VIII; species with 7, 8 or 9 segmented antennae almost always lack a sense cone on the terminal segment. It is concluded that the number of antennal segments is subject to irregular homoplasy, and is thus sometimes an unreliable indicator of relationships.
18
Müller, Juliane, Steffen Müller, Josefine Stoll, Michael Rector, Heiner Baur, and Frank Mayer. "Influence of Load on Three-Dimensional Segmental Trunk Kinematics in One-Handed Lifting: A Pilot Study." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 5 (October 2016): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0227.
Full textAbstract:
Stability of the trunk is relevant in determining trunk response to different loading in everyday tasks initiated by the limbs. Descriptions of the trunk’s mechanical movement patterns in response to different loads while lifting objects are still under debate. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of weight on 3-dimensional segmental motion of the trunk during 1-handed lifting. Ten asymptomatic subjects were included (29 ± 3 y; 1.79 ± 0.09 m; 75 ± 14 kg). Subjects lifted 3× a light and heavy load from the ground up onto a table. Three-dimensional segmental trunk motion was measured (12 markers; 3 segments: upper thoracic area [UTA], lower thoracic area [LTA], lumbar area [LA]). Outcomes were total motion amplitudes (ROM;[°]) for anterior flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of each segment. The highest ROM was observed in the LTA segment (anterior flexion), and the smallest ROM in the UTA segment (lateral flexion). ROM differed for all planes between the 3 segments for both tasks (P < .001). There were no differences in ROM between light and heavy loads (P > .05). No interaction effects (load × segment) were observed, as ROM did not reveal differences between loading tasks. Regardless of weight, the 3 segments did reflect differences, supporting the relevance of multisegmental analysis.
19
Moore, Damien, Adam I. Semciw, Jodie McClelland, Henry Wajswelner, and Tania Pizzari. "Rehabilitation Exercises for the Gluteus Minimus Muscle Segments: An Electromyography Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 6 (August 1, 2019): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0262.
Full textAbstract:
Context:The gluteus minimus (GMin) muscle consists of 2 uniquely oriented segments that have potential for independent function and have different responses to pathology and aging. For healthy young adults, it is unknown that which rehabilitation exercises specifically target the individual segments.Objective:To quantify segmental GMin activity for 6 common lower-limb rehabilitation exercises in healthy young adults and determine if significant differences exist in segmental activity levels between the exercises.Method:Six common lower-limb rehabilitation exercises were performed by 10 healthy young adults with fine-wire electromyography (EMG) electrodes inserted into the anterior and posterior segments of the GMin muscle.Main Outcome Measures:Electromyography signals were recorded, and median normalized exercise activity levels were reported and compared for each GMin segment across the 6 exercises.Results:High activity levels were generated in the anterior segment by the resisted hip abduction–extension exercise (51% maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]), whereas for the posterior segment, high activity levels were produced by the single-leg bridge (49% MVIC), the side-lie hip abduction (43% MVIC), the resisted hip abduction–extension exercise (43% MVIC), and the single-leg squat (40% MVIC). There were significant differences (P < .05) in the median electromyography activity levels for the anterior GMin segment but not for the posterior GMin segment across some of the exercises with large effect sizes.Conclusion:Targeted rehabilitation exercises graded by exercise intensity can be prescribed specifically for the anterior and posterior GMin segments to aid in restoration of hip function following injury or aging.
20
Nazin, Vladimir. "Revealing deformation of segments and their supports in a hydrostatic segmental bearing." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 7(112) (August 31, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239066.
Full textAbstract:
At present, there are theoretical and experimental studies of such bearings without taking into account the elastic deformation of the bearing segments. The rotor bearings of powerful turbines at nuclear power plants are subjected to loads as high as tens of tons. One of the important issues in designing segmental bearings operating under these conditions consists in taking into account elastic deformations of the segments. A schematic diagram of a segmental hydrostatic bearing was presented and the principle of its operation was described. When determining the deformation of spherical support, a formula of change in volume of a solid steel ball subjected to uniform pressure was applied. To determine the segment deformation in the axial direction, differential equation of bending of the strip beam as the initial one. The basic equation of deformation of rods with a curved axis acting in the plane of curvature was taken as a starting point of determining the segment deformation in the circumferential direction. It was found in the studies that the maximum deformation of the segment is 4.5 % of radial clearance at a feed pressure of 5 MPa and can affect the bearing characteristics. A substantially nonlinear character of deformations along the segment axis was revealed. It was found that the pressure of the working fluid significantly affects the segment thickness. With an increase in feeding pressure from 1 MPa to 10 MPa, the thickness of the steel segment increased more than 2 times and the thickness of the bronze segment increased more than 3 times. It was established that the pressure of the working fluid exceeding 10 MPa substantially affects the deformation of the spherical support and the bearing clearance. The study results will make it possible to determine more accurately the main characteristics of the segmental bearing and design it more efficiently.
21
Vladimir, Nazin. "Revealing deformation of segments and their supports in a hydrostatic segmental bearing." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 7 (112) (August 31, 2021): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239066.
Full textAbstract:
At present, there are theoretical and experimental studies of such bearings without taking into account the elastic deformation of the bearing segments. The rotor bearings of powerful turbines at nuclear power plants are subjected to loads as high as tens of tons. One of the important issues in designing segmental bearings operating under these conditions consists in taking into account elastic deformations of the segments. A schematic diagram of a segmental hydrostatic bearing was presented and the principle of its operation was described. When determining the deformation of spherical support, a formula of change in volume of a solid steel ball subjected to uniform pressure was applied. To determine the segment deformation in the axial direction, differential equation of bending of the strip beam as the initial one. The basic equation of deformation of rods with a curved axis acting in the plane of curvature was taken as a starting point of determining the segment deformation in the circumferential direction. It was found in the studies that the maximum deformation of the segment is 4.5 % of radial clearance at a feed pressure of 5 MPa and can affect the bearing characteristics. A substantially nonlinear character of deformations along the segment axis was revealed. It was found that the pressure of the working fluid significantly affects the segment thickness. With an increase in feeding pressure from 1 MPa to 10 MPa, the thickness of the steel segment increased more than 2 times and the thickness of the bronze segment increased more than 3 times. It was established that the pressure of the working fluid exceeding 10 MPa substantially affects the deformation of the spherical support and the bearing clearance. The study results will make it possible to determine more accurately the main characteristics of the segmental bearing and design it more efficiently.
22
Renzulli, Matteo, Nicolò Brandi, Anna Pecorelli, Luigi Vincenzo Pastore, Alessandro Granito, Giuseppe Martinese, Francesco Tovoli, et al. "Segmental Distribution of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Livers." Diagnostics 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040834.
Full textAbstract:
Background: To evaluate the segmental distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to Couinaud’s anatomical division in cirrhotic patients. Methods: Between 2020 and 2021, a total of 322 HCC nodules were diagnosed in 217 cirrhotic patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of suspicious nodules (>1 cm) detected during ultrasound surveillance. For each patient, the segmental position of the HCC nodule was recorded according to Couinaud’s description. The clinical data and nodule characteristics were collected. Results: A total of 234 (72.7%) HCC nodules were situated in the right lobe whereas 79 (24.5%) were detected in the left lobe (p < 0.0001) and only 9 nodules were in the caudate lobe (2.8%). HCC was most common in segment 8 (n = 88, 27.4%) and least common in segment 1 (n = 9, 2.8%). No significant differences were found in the frequencies of segmental or lobar involvement considering patient demographic and clinical characteristics, nodule dimension, or disease appearance. Conclusions: The intrahepatic distribution of HCC differs among Couinaud’s segments, with segment 8 being the most common location and segment 1 being the least common. The segmental distribution of tumour location was similar to the normal liver volume distribution, supporting a possible correlation between HCC location and the volume of hepatic segments and/or the volumetric distribution of the portal blood flow.
23
Watkin, Hywel. "Segmental Dysfunction." Acupuncture in Medicine 17, no. 2 (December 1999): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.17.2.118.
Full textAbstract:
Spinal segmental dysfunction, although used in clinical practice by medical acupuncturists, musculoskeletal physicians, physiotherapists and osteopaths, is not a concept which is familiar to the majority of medical practitioners. The concept implies that a problem in the function of a spinal segment may cause symptoms without necessarily being caused by physical pathology. Studies of the dysfunctional spinal segment have shown that physical stress, emotional stress and visceral disease all cause a reaction at the dysfunctional segment more easily than at normal segments. In the same way that individuals may have asymptomatic latent trigger points which may later become symptomatic, so individuals may have asymptomatic dysfunction which later becomes symptomatic under the influence of appropriate stimuli. There is some evidence that the clinical features of segmental dysfunction may be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. The detection of segmental dysfunction is a clinical skill worth developing and the properties of the dysfunctional segment are worthy of further research.
24
Chen, Peter F., and Guochang Zhang. "Segment Profitability, Misvaluation, and Corporate Divestment." Accounting Review 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
This paper develops a theoretical model to explain corporate divestment in the context of accounting-based valuation and provides empirical evidence to support the model's predictions. Building on Zhang's (2000) real-options-based equity value model, we develop a model to explain why firms with multiple business segments may have incentives in financial reporting to shift earnings from one segment to another to influence market valuation. Cross-segment earnings shifting, however, causes information asymmetry about segmental performance, which leads to market misvaluation. Divestment arises as a voluntary commitment by (some) firms to not engage in segmental earnings manipulation, with the aim of restoring valuation accuracy. Our theoretical analysis yields a number of testable implications. Consistent with our model's predictions, we find empirically that (1) divestment is preceded by an increased divergence in profitability between the divested and continuing segments of the divesting firm, (2) there are positive abnormal stock returns surrounding divestment announcements that are not dependent on increased expectations about future operating performance, (3) the magnitude of market revaluation increases with the profitability divergence between the divested and continuing segments, and (4) market revaluation is greater for more complex firms (in terms of having a larger number of segments and greater uncertainty facing investors).
25
Hsiao, Chih-Kun, Yi-Jung Tsai, Cheng-Yo Yen, Yi-Chen Li, Hao-Yuan Hsiao, and Yuan-Kun Tu. "Biomechanical Effect of Hybrid Dynamic Stabilization Implant on the Segmental Motion and Intradiscal Pressure in Human Lumbar Spine." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010031.
Full textAbstract:
The hybrid dynamic stabilization system, Dynesys-Transition-Optima, represents a novel pedicle-based construct for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. The theoretical advantage of this system is to stabilize the treated segment and preserve the range of motion within the adjacent segment while potentially decreasing the risk of adjacent segment disease following lumbar arthrodesis. Satisfactory short-term outcomes were previously demonstrated in the Dynesys-Transition-Optima system. However, long-term follow-up reported accelerated degeneration of adjacent segments and segmental instability above the fusion level. This study investigated the biomechanical effects of the Dynesys-Transition-Optima system on segment motion and intradiscal pressure at adjacent and implanted levels. Segmental range of motion and intradiscal pressure were evaluated under the conditions of the intact spine, with a static fixator at L4–5, and implanted with DTO at L3–4 (Dynesys fixator) and L4–5 (static fixator) by applying the loading conditions of flexion/extension (±7.5 Nm) and lateral bending (±7.5 Nm), with/without a follower preload of 500 N. Our results showed that the hybrid Dynesys-Transition-Optima system can significantly reduce the ROM at the fusion level (L4–L5), whereas the range of motion at the adjacent level (L3–4) significantly increased. The increase in physiological loading could be an important factor in the increment of IDP at the intervertebral discs at the lumbar spine. The Dynesys-Transition-Optima system can preserve the mobility of the stabilized segments with a lesser range of motion on the transition segment; it may help to prevent the occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration. However, the current study cannot cover all the issues of adjacent segmental diseases. Future investigations of large-scale and long-term follow-ups are needed.
26
Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Shinta Fujimoto, and Hayato Tanaka. "Three new meiobenthic species from a submarine cave in Japan: Echinoderes gama, E. kajiharai and E. uozumii (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 4 (June 2020): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000429.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThree new species of echinoderid kinorhynchs are described from Daidokutsu, a submarine cave in Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Echinoderes gama sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4–8; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 7–9; lateroventral tubes on segment 5; sublateral tubes on segment 8; laterodorsal tubes on segment 10; and type-2 gland cell outlets in subdorsal and lateroventral position on segment 2. Echinoderes kajiharai sp. nov. is defined by the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4, 6, 8; lateral accessory acicular spines on segment 9; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6–8; lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5; midlateral tubes on segment 10; and type-2 gland cell outlets in laterodorsal position on segments 2 and 5, and subdorsal position on segments 8 and 9. Echinoderes uozumii sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4 and 6; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6–9; lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5; sublateral tubes on segment 8; laterodorsal tubes on segment 10; type-2 gland cell outlets in subdorsal and lateral accessory position on segment 2; and blunt, short pectinate fringe teeth of primary pectinate fringe on segment 1. In addition, the Echinoderes multiporus species group including E. kajiharai sp. nov., and the Echinoderes bispinosus species group including E. uozumii sp. nov. are established. Furthermore, the distribution of the two species groups and the origin of Echinoderes species in Daidokutsu are discussed.
27
Ou, Yufu, Zengming Xiao, Jianxun Wei, Hua Jiang, and Zhuhai Li. "Upper and lower adjacent segment range of motion after fixation of different lumbar spine segments in the goat: an in vitro experiment." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 6 (June 2021): 030006052110202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211020219.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical effects of fixation on range of motion (ROM) in the upper and lower adjacent segments of different lumbar spine segments in a goat spine model. Methods Fifteen goat spine specimens (vertebrae T12–S1) were randomly divided into three groups: A (single-segment fixation), B (double-segment fixation), and C (triple-segment fixation). Motion in different directions was tested using a spinal motion simulation test system with five external loading forces. Transverse, forward–backward, and vertical displacement of the upper and lower adjacent segments were measured. Results As the external load increased, the upper and lower adjacent segment ROM increased. A significantly greater ROM in group C compared with group A was found when the applied external force was greater than 75 N. The upper adjacent segment showed a significantly greater ROM than the lower adjacent segment ROM within each group. Conclusions Adjacent segment ROM increased with an increasing number of fixed lumbar segments. The upper adjacent segment ROM was greater than that of the lower adjacent segments. Adjacent segment stability after lumbar internal fixation worsened with an increasing number of fixed segments.
28
Naveira, Horacio, and Antonio Fontdevila. "THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA BUZZATII. XII. THE GENETIC BASIS OF STERILITY IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN D. BUZZATII AND ITS SIBLING D. SERIDO FROM ARGENTINA." Genetics 114, no. 3 (November 1, 1986): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.3.841.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The genetic basis of hybrid sterility has been investigated in backcross segmental hybrids between two sibling species, Drosophila buzzatii and D. serido. Asynapsis of homologous bands in hybrid polytene chromosomes has been used to identify the D. serido chromosome segments introgressed into the D. buzzatti genome. All the investigated chromosomes contain male sterility factors. For autosomes, sterility is produced when an introgressed D. serido chromosome segment, or combination of segments, reaches a minimum size. On the other hand, any introgressed X chromosome segment from D. serido, irrespective of its size, produces either male hybrid sterility or inviability.
29
Maharani, Ida Ayu Catur, Widiastuti, and Ciptadi Trimarianto. "Kajian Rasio D/H pada Koridor Jalan Laksamana, Kelurahan Seminyak, Kabupaten Badung." RUANG-SPACE, Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan (Space : Journal of the Built Environment) 6, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrs.2019.v06.i02.p05.
Full textAbstract:
Jalan Laksamana is one of three commercial corridors located in the allotment of trade and services in Seminyak Village. As a commercial corridor, one important consideration to be discussed here is the level of visitor comfort. One factor influencing this issue is a ratio of distance (D) over height (H) - (D/H). Calculation on this ratio is seen fundamental since it will determine the spatial impression one may get when standing in a certain position in this corridor. The study is conducted with a descriptive qualitative method and a deductive. It is carried out in three different segments of Jalan Laksamana, namely Segment 1, Segment 2, and Segment 3. This categorization is done based on level of crowd (visitors) who actively use the corridor at a certain timing of the day. The study results show that spatial impressions felt by the crowd when they are standing in these three segments are as follows. First, openness and spaciousness are felt when one stands in segment 1. The D/H ratio within this segment also enables one to observe details a building. Second, the spatial impression felt in segment 2 varies from one spot to another. This largely depends on the physical state of various buildings that one passes by. While in Segment 3, the spatial impression begins to disappear, and building details are invisible. Buildings are seen in relation to their surroundings and the presence of decorative plants has created artificial walls which indeed form a more comfortable space to the crowd.
 Keywords: commercial corridor, Ratio (D/H), Proportion 
 
 Abstrak 
 Jalan Laksamana merupakan salah satu dari tiga koridor komersial yang berada pada Kawasan Peruntukan Perdagangan dan Jasa di Kelurahan Seminyak. Sebagai koridor komersial, hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah tingkat kenyamanan pengunjung. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kenyamanan pengunjung adalah rasio D/H. Perbandingan jarak antara bangunan (D) dengan ketinggian bangunan (H) menghasilkan nilai proporsi. Nilai setiap perbandingan akan menghasilkan kesan ruang yang berbeda-beda. Nilai rasio D/H merupakan salah satu fenomena keruangan yang menarik untuk diteliti berkenaan dengan pengaruhnya terhadap kesan ruang yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan pendekatan deduktif untuk mengetahui kesan ruang yang ditimbulkan secara teori berdasarkan pembagian jarak antara bangunan dan ketinggian bangunan yang ada di Jalan Laksmana. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga segmen yaitu Segmen 1, Segmen 2, dan Segmen 3 yang dipenggal berdasarkan tingkat keramaian pengunjung yang beraktifitas di sekitar jalan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pada Segmen 1 ruang berkesan terbuka dan luas namun pengamat masih bisa melihat detail bangunan. Pada Segmen 2 kesan ruang yang dihasilkan berbeda-beda bergantung pada bangunan yang dilewati sehingga kesan ruang pada Segmen 2 tidak dapat didefinisikan. Sedangkan pada Segmen 3 kesan ruang mulai hilang, detail bangunan tidak tampak, dan bangunan dilihat dalam hubungan dengan sekelilingnya. Keberadaan vegetasi di sekitar jalan dapat menciptakan dinding semu dan membentuk ruang yang lebih nyaman untuk pengunjung.
 Kata kunci: koridor komersial, rasio (D/H), proporsi
30
Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein, Ali Mortazavi, Seyed Morteza Davarpanah, and Hamid Zarei. "A Numerical Investigation of Segmental Lining Joints Interactions in Tunnels-Qomrud Water Conveyance Tunnel." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 7 (July 30, 2016): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000038.
Full textAbstract:
A comprehensive analysis of segmental lining joints can assist to guarantee a safe construction during tunnelling and serviceably stages. This paper has thoroughly investigated the interaction mechanism of precast concrete lining joints in tunnels. The Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC), a two-dimensional numerical program based on the distinct element method (DEM) for discontinuum modelling, was implemented to simulated a typical segmental lining model consisting of six segment rings. In the analyses, the typical segmental lining design parameters of Qomrud water conveyance tunnel, aimed to transfer 100 million cu. m. water from the origins of Dez River to central Iranian desert, were employed to fulfil the purpose of the research. In the conducted analyses, the worst-case scenario of the loading faced during the boring of Qomrud tunnel was considered. This was highly associated with the existence of the crushed zone dipping at 75 degree at the location of the key segment. The worst scenario based on the condition that concerns the crushed zone intersect segmental lining at the location of key segment has been taken into consideration. In this study, the load acting on the joints of the segments includes the gravity load from the tunnel overburden and the crushed zone stratum force that intersects tunnel with 75 slopes at the location of the key segment, the gravity force of the segments and the earth pressure. The numerical investigation has been used for the different coefficients of stress concentration of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and also different geological conditions of the saturated crushed zone under critical scenario.
31
Marshall, A. T., P. Cooper, G. D. Rippon, and A. E. Patak. "ION AND FLUID SECRETION BY DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF THE MALPIGHIAN TUBULES OF THE BLACK FIELD CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS OCEANICUS." Journal of Experimental Biology 177, no. 1 (April 1, 1993): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.177.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Cricket Malpighian tubules have two morphologically distinct segments, a thin distal segment, which occupies approximately 10 % of the total tubule length, and a main segment. The two segments differ in secretion rates and response to corpora cardiaca extract. The secreted fluids differ in osmotic concentration and elemental composition. The distal segment secretes fluid at a rate (per mm length) which is approximately twice that of the main segment under control conditions. After stimulation by corpora cardiaca extract (Cc) the rate from the main segment approximately doubles whilst the distal segment rate remains unchanged. Fluid from the main segment and the whole tubule is slightly hypo-osmotic to the medium (5–11 mosmol kg-1) under control conditions, whereas that from the distal segment is slightly hyperosmotic (12 mosmol kg-1). On stimulation with Cc, the whole tubule fluid becomes slightly hyperosmotic (12 mosmol kg-1), that from the main segment remains slightly hypo-osmotic (3 mosmol kg-1) but fluid from the distal segment becomes very hyperosmotic (55 mosmol kg-1). Differences between the tubule fluid and the medium osmolality are indicated in parentheses. Fluid from the main segment has high concentrations of K (166 mmol l-1), Cl (111 mmol l-1), Na (41 mmol l-1) and P (83 mmol l-1), whereas that from the distal segment has high concentrations of K (101 mmol l-1) and Cl (137 mmol l-1). On stimulation with Cc, the elemental concentrations in fluids from the main segments and whole tubules do not change significantly but the K and Cl concentrations in distal segment fluid increase (182 and 188 mmol l-1 respectively). The Mg present in whole tubule fluid is derived largely from the distal segment. The ionic composition accounts for the observed osmotic concentrations in fluid from whole tubules, main segments and stimulated distal segments, but not for the concentrations in fluid from unstimulated distal segments. The fluid from unstimulated distal segments contains an unidentified organic solute accounting for approximately 90 mosmol kg-1 of the osmotic concentration. The distal segment contributes 22 % and 11 % of the fluid volume, 26 % Cl, 14 % K and 12 % Cl, 11 % K in control and Cc-stimulated tubules respectively. Considerably higher values are observed in individual tubules. The distal segment makes a significant contribution to the total ion output of the tubule. The cyclic AMP content of tubule segments treated with corpora cardiaca extract was found to increase in both main and distal segments. When expressed in terms of protein content there was no difference between segments. However, in terms of total cell volume, the cells of the distal segment had a tenfold greater cyclic AMP content than those of the main segment. This is consistent with a 10- to 20-fold higher secretion rate of K by the distal segment. It is suggested that the distal segment, whilst having a higher length-specific fluid secretion rate than the main segment, is, nevertheless, concerned primarily with ion and solute secretion since it is unresponsive to diuretic hormone. The prime role of the main segment, which does respond to diuretic hormone, is fluid secretion. There appear to be major differences in hydraulic conductivity between the two segments.
32
Poljak, Igor, Vedran Mrzljak, Tomislav Senčić, and Darko Pastorčić. "Isentropic and exergy analyses of marine steam turbine segments at several loads." Pomorstvo 38, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.38.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
This research presents isentropic and exergy analyses of marine steam turbine segments at three loads. Turbine segment is a part of any cylinder which is placed between the steam entrance to the cylinder and first steam extraction, between steam extractions and finally between last steam extraction and steam exit from the cylinder. Division of each cylinder to the segments allows insight into the various cylinder parts operation and an observation is the cylinder properly balanced. The analyzed marine steam turbine is composed of two cylinders – High Pressure Cylinder (HPC) and Low Pressure Cylinder (LPC), while each cylinder has two segments. The dominant part of real mechanical power produced in HPC is actually produced in the first HPC part (segment 1), while in LPC, the dominant part of real mechanical power is produced in the last LPC part (segment 4). Segments 1 and 3 have the highest improvement potential (inlet segments of both HPC and LPC) due to the highest isentropic losses and exergy destructions. HPC is much better balanced cylinder because along with isentropic, also exergy efficiencies between its segments (segment 1 and segment 2) at all loads differ lower than 7%, while the same cannot be stated for the LPC which exergy efficiencies between segments (segment 3 and segment 4) at all loads differ more than 20%. Very low isentropic and exergy efficiencies of the segment 3, at all observed loads, indicate that this turbine segment is highly problematic and at least some of the turbine stages mounted in this segment have difficulties in operation or potential malfunction. In addition, segment 3 is also the highest influenced by the ambient temperature change in comparison to other segments. The ambient temperature increase from 5 °C up to 45 °C can decrease segment exergy efficiency between 1.31% and 3.17%, if all the segments and all loads of the analyzed marine steam turbine are observed.
33
GREVE, CHRISTIAN, and SEBASTIAN PAULI. "RAMIFICATION POLYGONS, SPLITTING FIELDS, AND GALOIS GROUPS OF EISENSTEIN POLYNOMIALS." International Journal of Number Theory 08, no. 06 (August 3, 2012): 1401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042112500832.
Full textAbstract:
Let ϕ(x) be an Eisenstein polynomial of degree n over a local field and let α be a root of ϕ(x). The Newton polygon of ρ(x) = ϕ(αx+α)/αn is called the ramification polygon of ϕ(x). We attach an additional invariant, the segmental inertia degree, to each segment of the ramification polygon and use the slopes of the segments and their segmental inertia degrees to describe the splitting field of ϕ(x). Furthermore we present a method for determining the Galois group of ϕ(x) when the ramification polygon consists of one segment.
34
Farrell, E. R., and H. Keshishian. "Laser ablation of persistent twist cells in Drosophila: muscle precursor fate is not segmentally restricted." Development 126, no. 2 (January 15, 1999): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.2.273.
Full textAbstract:
In Drosophila the precursors of the adult musculature arise during embryogenesis. These precursor cells have been termed Persistent Twist Cells (PTCs), as they continue to express the transcription factor Twist after that gene ceases expression elsewhere in the mesoderm. In the larval abdomen, the PTCs are associated with peripheral nerves in stereotypic ventral, dorsal, and lateral clusters, which give rise, respectively, to the ventral, dorsal, and lateral muscle fiber groups of the adult. We tested the developmental potential of the PTCs by using a microbeam laser to ablate specific clusters in larvae. We found that the ablation of a single segmental PTC cluster does not usually result in the deletion of the corresponding adult fibers of that segment. Instead, normal or near normal numbers of adult fibers can form after the ablation. Examination of pupae following ablation showed that migrating PTCs from adjacent segments are able to invade the affected segment, replenishing the ablated cells. However, the ablation of homologous PTCs in multiple segments does result in the deletion of the corresponding adult muscle fibers. These data indicate that the PTCs in an abdominal segment can contribute to the formation of muscle fibers in adjacent abdominal segments, and thus are not inherently restricted to the formation of muscle fibers within their segment of origin.
35
Wan, Bo, Guanghao Ha, Xiaohui Zhao, and Rui Suo. "Quaternary Segmentation Characteristics of the Hunhe Fault, Northeast China." Applied Sciences 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2025): 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020763.
Full textAbstract:
The northern segment of the Tanlu fault zone, which encompasses the Dunhua–Mishan and Yilan–Yitong fault zones, plays a critical role in the tectonic framework of Northeast China. This study focuses on the Hunhe fault, part of the Liaoning segment of the Dunhua–Mishan fault zone, which exhibits concealed characteristics and an NE–NEE orientation. We employ remote sensing and field investigations to accurately delineate the Hunhe fault’s location, scale, and tectonic activity. The findings indicate that the Hunhe fault displays significant spatial variability in tectonic activity. Some segments show evidence of late Quaternary activity, contradicting prior research that classified the Hunhe fault as an active fault during the MIS (Marine Isotope Stages) 20-103MIS 20-103- MIS6-19MIS6-19 period and assessed its seismic potential differently. Recent field investigations suggest considerable spatial variability in tectonic activity, indicating segmental characteristics. In this study, the Hunhe fault is divided into segments based on five aspects: the fault structure and movement characteristics of the fault; transverse faults and obstruction structures; geological and geomorphological characteristics; seismic features; and fault activity. The detailed segments are as follows: the Shenyang segment, the Fushun segment, the Zhangdang-Nan Zamu segment, and the Nan Zamu to Ying Emeng East section. These findings aim to enhance the understanding of the seismic hazard potential associated with the Hunhe fault, highlighting the need for ongoing research to address its complexities and implications for regional seismic risk assessment.
36
Künzell, Stefan, Dominicus Sießmeir, and Harald Ewolds. "Validation of the Continuous Tracking Paradigm for Studying Implicit Motor Learning." Experimental Psychology 63, no. 6 (November 2016): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000343.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A continuous pursuit-tracking task is the typical experimental paradigm to investigate implicit motor learning. Implicit motor learning is proven by a greater improvement in tracking of a repeated segment of a target path compared to random segments ( Pew, 1974 ). Recently, doubts about the validity of results obtained with this paradigm have been raised. Improved tracking of a repeated segment might simply be due to the characteristics of that particular segment. In response to these doubts, we seek to improve the continuous tracking task. Therefore, we computed a pool of 37 distinct target segments. Participants (N = 36) practiced the tracking task, each one with a unique repeated segment in the middle and varying outer segments, all taken from the pool of segments. After five practice blocks of 36 trials each, a test block was performed where the repeated middle segment was replaced with a random segment. The tracking performance on the repeated segment was better than on random segments. Furthermore, we assume that learning was implicit, because participants’ answers to a posttest interview showed they were largely unaware of a repeated segment within the curves.
37
Eni Maryati, Wahyu. "Studi Penerapan Strategi Segmentasi Pasar, Target Pasar dan Penempatan Posisi Guna Peningkatan Jumlah Konsumen pada Hotel Kartika Wijaya Batu." Jurnal Teknik Industri 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol2.no2.167-178.
Full textAbstract:
Market segmentationh ave purpose to devide plural customersi nlo the same marketsegmentationF. rom this segment,m arket sharet hat will be served dependingt o the segmentt hat givemaximum profit for Kartika Wijaya Hotel Batu.The methodu sedi n this researchis usingc lustera nalysisw ith SPSSp rograma s a help.T hesecondm ethodt hat be usedi s caracteristiacn alysism ethodo f customeres achs egmenut singc rossT absanalysisa nd the third methodu singp references tructurea nalysism ethodo f segmenut sing Thurstone'scase analysis.In customers egmentatioann alysisu singc lastera nalysisc an got 5 segments4.. of 5 balancesegmentfso rmedc ustomer'sp rofile caracterislice very segmenbt asedo n demografvi ariatesb, ehaviors,and advantagesA. nd from customer'sp references truclure concludet hat the prize that have beend ecidedby companyim portanat spect/s a tributeso f customer.
38
Bansal, Nitish, Gitesh Singh, Punit Tiwari, and Harmeet Kaur. "Double Trouble of “Double Segmental” Fractures – A Report of Two Cases." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 12, no. 02 (2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i02.2652.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:A “double segmental” fracture is an injury pattern that has three fracture sites and four fracture segments in a single bone. It is extremely rare, with only three “Double segmental femoral fracture” and only four “double segmental tibia fracture” cases reported in the literature. These fractures are associated with difficulty in deciding the implant for fixation, segment reduction, maintenance of reduction, maintaining blood supply of segment during fixation, and the high risk of post-operative complications. Case Report:We present two unique cases, one of “double segmental femur fracture” and the other of “double segmental tibia fracture,” fixed with intramedullary nailing. When Schanz screw or Steinman pins were used to reduce the intermediate fragments and hold them in place, they interfered with the reaming due to the protruding part in the narrow canal. This problem could be solved using weber clamps to hold reduction as they do not obscure the canal. All the fractures united uneventfully at 9 months follow-up. Conclusion: A “single intramedullary device” to fix “all the segments” can help provide stabilization without compromising soft-tissue attachments and viability of the intermediate fracture segments in “double segmental” fractures. Keywords: Double segmental fracture, intramedullary nailing, trifocal fracture, femur, tibia, fracture.
39
Erbulut, D. U., I. Zafarparandeh, A. F. Ozer, and V. K. Goel. "Biomechanics of Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Systems." Advances in Orthopedics 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/451956.
Full textAbstract:
Spinal rigid instrumentations have been used to fuse and stabilize spinal segments as a surgical treatment for various spinal disorders to date. This technology provides immediate stability after surgery until the natural fusion mass develops. At present, rigid fixation is the current gold standard in surgical treatment of chronic back pain spinal disorders. However, such systems have several drawbacks such as higher mechanical stress on the adjacent segment, leading to long-term degenerative changes and hypermobility that often necessitate additional fusion surgery. Dynamic stabilization systems have been suggested to address adjacent segment degeneration, which is considered to be a fusion-associated phenomenon. Dynamic stabilization systems are designed to preserve segmental stability, to keep the treated segment mobile, and to reduce or eliminate degenerative effects on adjacent segments. This paper aimed to describe the biomechanical aspect of dynamic stabilization systems as an alternative treatment to fusion for certain patients.
40
Iovine, M. Kathryn, and Stephen L. Johnson. "Genetic Analysis of Isometric Growth Control Mechanisms in the Zebrafish Caudal Fin." Genetics 155, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 1321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.3.1321.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The body and fins of the zebrafish grow rapidly as juveniles and slower as they reach maturation. Throughout their lives, the fins grow isometrically with respect to the body. Growth of individual fin rays is achieved by the distal addition of bony segments. We have investigated the genetic control of mechanisms that initiate new segments or control size of newly initiated segments. We find that both segment initiation and segment length are regulated during fin growth in wild-type fish. We examined the growth properties of lof and sof fin length mutants for effects on the number and length of fin ray segments. Fins of lof mutants continue to grow rapidly even after wild-type fin growth slows, resulting in positive allometric growth and additional fin ray segments. We suggest that lof mutants bypass mechanisms that limit segment initiation. Isometric growth is retained in sof mutants, resulting in shorter fins one-half the length of wild-type fins. The primary defect in sof mutants is that fin ray segments are shorter than wild-type segments, although segment number is also diminished. Double mutants for sof;lof reveal that segment length and segment number are controlled in different pathways. Our findings suggest that the lof gene product regulates segment initiation and the sof gene product regulates segment length.
41
Ni, Kun, Fa Sheng Zhang, Yun Xing Shi, Yan Gang Zhang, and Jing Bin Shi. "Flexural Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Scale Tunnel Segment." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 03037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183803037.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce the weight of precast tunnel segment, ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) was studied to cast the segment. The flexural performance of UHPFRC scale tunnel segments were tested in this work. The weight of the UHPFRC thinner scale tunnel segment was only 80% of reinforced concrete (RC) segment. The segments were loaded as per CJJ/T 164-2011, and the four-point bending system was used. The results showed that the cracking load increased 50%, and 0.2 mm crack width load increased 22%, and the yield load increased 11%, and the ultimate load only decreased 1%. The stiffness of elastic stage of UHPFRC segment looked the same compared to RC segment. In a word, the UHPFRC thinner segments showed excellent flexural performance beyond the traditional RC segment.
42
Mee, Jane E., and Vernon French. "Disruption of segmentation in a short germ insect embryo." Development 96, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.96.1.245.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of heat shock (15 min at 48 °C) on segmentation has been investigated in the short germ embryo of the locust (Schistocerca gregaria). Prior to formation of the germ anlage and at the disc stage heat shock considerably reduced the survival of eggs but appeared to have little effect upon segmentation. At later stages heat shock had no effect on survival but resulted in disruptions of the segmental pattern. The location of abnormal segments depended upon the stage at heat shock and the number affected depended on its severity. A constant number of normal segments developed between the last segment visible at the time of heat shock and the first abnormal segment. These results are similar to the disruptions observed in amphibian somites following heat shock. However, different parts of the segment pattern varied in their response; the head segments were very rarely affected, and disrupted regions rarely started in the middle abdomen (segments A5 and A6). The results are discussed in relation to two models (the clock and wavefront and progress zone models) that have been proposed as an explanation for the specification of the somite pattern in amphibians.
43
Wiellette, E. L., and W. McGinnis. "Hox genes differentially regulate Serrate to generate segment-specific structures." Development 126, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 1985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.9.1985.
Full textAbstract:
Diversification of Drosophila segmental morphologies requires the functions of Hox transcription factors. However, there is little information describing pathways through which Hox activities effect the discrete cellular changes that diversify segmental architecture. We have identified the Drosophila signaling protein Serrate as the product of a Hox downstream gene that acts in many segments as a component of such pathways. In the embryonic epidermis, Serrate is required for morphogenesis of normal abdominal denticle belts and maxillary mouth hooks, both Hox-dependent structures. The Hox genes Ultrabithorax and abdominal-A are required to activate an early stripe of Serrate transcription in abdominal segments. In the abdominal epidermis, Serrate promotes denticle diversity by precisely localizing a single cell stripe of rhomboid expression, which generates a source of EGF signal that is not produced in thoracic epidermis. In the head, Deformed is required to activate Serrate transcription in the maxillary segment, where Serrate is required for normal mouth hook morphogenesis. However, Serrate does not require rhomboid function in the maxillary segment, suggesting that the Hox-Serrate pathway to segment-specific morphogenesis can be linked to more than one downstream function.
44
Hekmet, H. M., та A. F. Izzet. "Performance of Segmental Post-Τensioned Concrete Beams Exposed to High Fire Temperature". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, № 4 (10 серпня 2019): 4440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2864.
Full textAbstract:
The present study illustrates observations, record accurate description and discussion about the behavior of twelve tested, simply supported, precast, prestressed, segmental, concrete beams with different segment numbers exposed to high fire temperatures of 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C. The test program included thermal tests by using a furnace manufactured for this purpose to expose to high burning temperature (fire flame) nine beams which were loaded with sustaining dead load throughout the burning process. The beams were divided into three groups depending on the precast segments number. All had an identical total length of 3150mm but each had different segment number (9, 7, and 5 segments), in other words, different segment lengths. To simulate genuine fire disasters, the nine beams were exposed to high-temperature flames for one hour along with the control specimens. The selected temperatures were 300°C (572°F), 500°C (932°F), and 700°C (1292°F) as recommended by the standard fire curve (ASTM–E119). The specimens were cooled gradually at ambient laboratory conditions. The performance of the prestressed segmental concrete beams through the burning process was described with regard to the beams camber, spalling, and occurred deterioration.
45
Brown, J. M. M., and J. Wickham. "NEUROMOTOR COORDINATION OF MULTISEGMENTAL MUSCLE DURING A CHANGE IN MOVEMENT DIRECTION." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 10, no. 02 (June 2006): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957706001716.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this investigation was to determine how the CNS controlled seven segments of the human deltoid muscle during a change in the direction of shoulder joint motion. Specifically, we wished to determine how the prime mover, synergist and antagonist muscle segments of this muscle were manipulated to assume new functional roles as the direction of shoulder motion was rapidly changed from shoulder abduction to shoulder adduction. Seven bipolar surface electrodes (7 mm inter-electrode distance) were placed over the seven segments (D1–D7) of the right deltoid, in seven young (19–24yrs) male subjects, to detect changes in muscle segment activation as the subjects transitioned from a rapid shoulder-abduction to a rapid-adduction force impulse (MT = 1000 ms). For each subject, fifteen trials were recorded at an inter-trial interval of 30 seconds. Comparisons of muscle segment timing and intensity of activation were made across 6 equal time intervals between just before the peak of the abduction force impulse and the subsequent peak of the adduction force impulse. The results of this study have shown that segments of the deltoid were activated during both the shoulder abduction and shoulder adduction motor task. In addition, the pattern of muscle segment activation (timing and intensity), during the transition from shoulder abduction to shoulder adduction, was dependent upon the muscle's moment arm and line of pull in relation to the axis of shoulder joint rotation. Three distinct patterns of neuromotor activation were noted within the segments of the deltoid muscle. During abduction the agonist prime mover and synergist segments (D1–D5) were totally deactivated (< 10% MVC) as they became antagonist segments during adduction. The antagonist segment (D7), during abduction, was deactivated and then reactivated as it became a synergist segment during adduction. Finally segment D6 was shown to have a nearly continuous period of activation. The study has shown that during a transition to a new movement direction, a muscle segment's line of pull and future function in the next phase of the movement appears to determine its period and intensity of activation.
46
Sadia, Waode Murniati, Latif Budi Suparma, and Sri Mulyani. "Penentuan Prioritas Rehabilitasi Perkerasan Lentur untuk Efisiensi Penambangan Material di Kendari." Dampak 16, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/dampak.16.2.105-115.2019.
Full textAbstract:
Pavement with poor performance results in lower speeds resulting in increased pollution and vehicle maintenance costs. The number of roads are not proportional to the allocation of funds for maintaining and managing the road network. According to its characteristics, the performance of the road network would be decreased that indicated by pavement deterioration. This study aims to predict the rate of performance degradation, to know the optimal time of treatment segment/road segment and to determine the priority of treatment. Delayed pavement treatment will likely require more material, which will result in the exploitation of rock mines. This study covers a detailed performance assessment using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method, it was done three times with 4 and 3 month time interval. This study was conducted on five streets in Kendari City with varios Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) and existing conditions. From the result of PCI value, regression analysis was used since it was suitable with performance decreation characteristic to find out the relationship of PCI value and the time. Treatment strategy are arranged based on critical PCI method. The treatment costs were calculated by using the Bina Marga unit price analysis which was then projected to be the penalty cost. Priority of treatment were calculated by Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. From regression analysis obtained pavement with excellent rating gave longer time prediction than the lower rating. The treatment strategy divides five streets into 11 segments. From SAW analysis, obtained priority sequence of rehabilitation implementation for the first year: Boulevard street segment-1, Supu-Yusuf street segment-2, Supu-Yusuf segment-1, Balaikota-1 street; for the second year: Boulevard segment-2, Abunawas segment-2; Supu-Yusuf street segment-3, and third year: Boulevard segment-3, Buburanda segment-2, Buburanda street segment-1.Keywords: pavement, PCI, decreation rate, rehabilitationABSTRAKKinerja perkerasan yang buruk menyebabkan rendahnya kecepatan yang berakibat pada meningkatnya polusi dan biaya perawatan kendaraan. Namun jumlah jalan tidak sebanding dengan alokasi dana untuk memelihara dan mengelola jaringan jalan. Menurut karakteristik, kinerja jaringan jalan akan menurun yang ditunjukkan oleh kemunduran perkerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi laju penurunan kinerja, untuk mengetahui waktu optimal segmen perawatan / segmen jalan dan untuk menentukan prioritas perawatan. Perawatan perkerasan yang tertunda cenderung akan membutuhkan material lebih banyak, yang akan mengakibatkan ekploitasi tambang batuan. Penelitian ini mencakup penilaian kinerja rinci menggunakan metode Pavement Condition Index (PCI), dilakukan tiga kali dengan interval waktu 4 dan 3 bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lima jalan di Kota Kendari dengan varios Lalu Lintas Harian Rata-Rata Tahunan (AADT) dan kondisi yang ada. Dari hasil nilai PCI, analisis regresi digunakan karena sesuai dengan karakteristik penurunan kinerja untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai PCI dan waktu. Strategi perawatan disusun berdasarkan metode PCI kritis. Biaya perawatan dihitung dengan menggunakan analisis harga unit Bina Marga yang kemudian diproyeksikan menjadi biaya penalti. Prioritas perawatan dihitung dengan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Dari analisis regresi diperoleh perkerasan dengan peringkat sangat baik memberikan prediksi waktu yang lebih lama daripada peringkat yang lebih rendah. Strategi perawatan membagi lima jalan menjadi 11 segmen. Dari analisis SAW, diperoleh urutan prioritas pelaksanaan rehabilitasi untuk tahun I: jalan Boulevard segmen-1, jalan Supu-Yusuf segmen-2, Supu-Yusuf segmen-1, jalan Balaikota-1; untuk tahun II: Boulevard segmen-2, Abunawas segmen-2; Jalan Supu-Yusuf ruas-3, dan tahun ketiga: Boulevard ruas-3, Buburanda ruas-2, Ruas jalan Buburanda-1.Kata kunci: Trotoar, PCI, Tingkat Penurunan, Rehabilitasi
47
Song, Qigang, Wenqin Deng, Duo Liu, Huiteng Pei, Zongqing Peng, and Jiandong Zhang. "Optimal Design of Segment Storage and Hoisting of Precast Segmental Composite Box Girders with Corrugated Steel Webs." Buildings 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030801.
Full textAbstract:
To optimize the segment storage and hoisting plan of precast segmental composite box girders with corrugated steel web bridges, China’s first precast segmental composite girder bridge with corrugated steel webs is taken as the background. The difference between the precast segmental composite box girders with corrugated steel webs and the traditional concrete box girder is proven by numerical simulation. The stress and deformation characteristics of the segmental girder during storage and hoisting are analysed, and reasonable control measures are proposed. The data suggested that compared with ordinary concrete box girders, the smaller torsional stiffness and lateral stiffness of the precast segmental composite box girder with corrugated steel web segments lead to larger roof stress and deformation during the storage and hoisting periods. The number of storage layers of segmental girders should not exceed two, and the four hoisting point scheme should be adopted for hoisting. It is recommended to set one to two channel steel supports of no less than 20 grade steel between the top and bottom plates to avoid excessive deformation of the roof. With the increase in the segment length, the roof deformation and stress increased regardless of the storage period and the hoisting period. If the safety factor needs to be increased, when the segment length is short (1.6 m–3.2 m), increasing the support size is recommended. When the segment length is longer (4.0 m, 4.8 m), increasing the number of supports is recommended.
48
Clouse, R. E., and A. Staiano. "Topography of normal and high-amplitude esophageal peristalsis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 265, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): G1098—G1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.265.6.g1098.
Full textAbstract:
Topographic plots were created from esophageal manometric tracings in 12 asymptomatic volunteers and 10 symptomatic patients with high-amplitude peristaltic contraction waves (nutcracker esophagus) to identify segmental contraction differences between the two groups. Median waves at each centimeter of esophageal length were spatially interconnected using a computerized gridding and plotting system, and a characteristic peristaltic contraction from the proximal esophageal body through the lower sphincter was constructed for each subject. Contour plots in the volunteers revealed three amplitude troughs dividing the peristaltic contraction into four sequential segments: the skeletal muscle body, the proximal and distal segments of the smooth muscle body, and the lower sphincter region. In nutcracker-esophagus patients, only the first and third troughs could be identified, since augmented contraction in the distal smooth muscle segment blurred separation of the smooth muscle body segments. Volume measurements under the topographic plots showed no significant intergroup differences in contraction of the skeletal muscle region or lower sphincter but modest increase in contraction of the proximal smooth muscle segment [1.7 times normal, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.0; P = 0.002 comparing 2 groups] and marked increase in the distal smooth muscle segment (2.7 times normal, 95% CI 2.0-3.3; P < 0.0001). These data indicate that normal peristalsis through the esophageal body and lower sphincter includes four separate contraction segments that can be distinguished with intraluminal manometry and the topographic analysis method. The nutcracker esophagus primarily affects the distal segment in the smooth muscle body.
49
Welling, K. L., R. Sanchez, J. B. Ravn, B. Larsen, and O. Amtorp. "Effect of prolonged alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary arterial pressure and segmental vascular resistance." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 1194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1194.
Full textAbstract:
The time course of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and its segmental distribution were studied during prolonged (150 min) alveolar hypoxia in in vivo dog lungs at constant-flow perfusion. With the pulmonary and the systemic circulations separated by two extracorporeal circuits, adequate systemic oxygenation was achieved throughout the experiments. The pulmonary circulation exhibited a time-related biphasic hypoxic vasoconstrictor response: an initial rapid contraction [79 +/- 11% (SE) above control level] was followed by a partial relaxation when a second slow and sustained vasoconstriction (92 +/- 13% above control level) superseded. We partitioned the pulmonary circulation into two segments by arterial occlusion: an upstream arterial segment and a downstream segment consisting of a middle and a venous segment. Measurements were performed at baseline and during the late sustained vasoconstrictor response. Prolonged alveolar hypoxia increased pulmonary capillary pressure by 90 +/- 18%, the site of pulmonary vasomotion being the arterial upstream and downstream middle and venous segments.
50
Sun, Yiyuan, Qiang Wang, Kevin Tansey, Sana Ullah, Fan Liu, Haimeng Zhao, and Lei Yan. "Multi-Constrained Optimization Method of Line Segment Extraction Based on Multi-Scale Image Space." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040183.
Full textAbstract:
Image-based line segment extraction plays an important role in a wide range of applications. Traditional line segment extraction algorithms focus on the accuracy and efficiency, without considering the integrity. Serious line segmentation fracture problems caused by image quality will result in poor subsequent applications. To solve this problem, a multi-constrained line segment extraction method, based on multi-scale image space, is presented. Firstly, using Gaussian down-sampling with a classical line segment detection method, a multi-scale image space is constructed to extract line segments in each image scale and all line segments are projected onto the original image. Then, a new line segment optimization and purification strategy is proposed with the horizontal and vertical distances and angle geometric constraint relationships between line segments to merge fracture line segments and delete redundant line segments. Finally, line segments with adjacent positions are optimized using the grayscale constraint relationship, based on normalized cross-correlation similarity criterion for realizing the second optimization of fracture line segments. Compared with mainstream line segment detector and edge drawing lines methods, experimental results (i.e., indoor, outdoor, and aerial images) indicate the validity and superiority of our proposed methods which can extract longer and more complete line segments.