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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Segmental phonology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Segmental phonology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Segmental phonology"

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Jardine, Adam. "Computationally, tone is different." Phonology 33, no. 2 (August 2016): 247–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675716000129.

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This paper establishes that unbounded circumambient processes, phonological processes for which crucial information in the environment may appear unboundedly far away on both sides of a target, are common in tonal phonology, but rare in segmental phonology. It then argues that this typological asymmetry is best characterised by positing that tone is more computationally complex than segmental phonology. The evidence for the asymmetry is based around attestations of unbounded tonal plateauing, but it is also shown how the ‘sour-grapes’ harmony pathology is unbounded circumambient. The paper argues that such processes are not weakly deterministic, which contrasts with previous typological work on segmental phonology. Positing that weak determinism bounds segmental phonology but not tonal phonology thus captures the typological asymmetry. It is also discussed why this explanation is superior to any offered by Optimality Theory.

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Lowe, John J. "Segmental phonology in Ancient India?" Language 96, no. 2 (2020): e97-e113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2020.0035.

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LeeJinHo. "Issues in Korean Segmental Phonology." Korean Language Research ll, no. 35 (December 2014): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.16876/klrc.2014..35.179.

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Warsi, M. J. "SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY OF MAITHILI URDU." IARS' International Research Journal 11, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v11i1.2021.156.

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This paper on the Mithilanchal Urdu, a dialect of the Indo-Aryan language family, would be an interesting study in the time of the Corona Pandemic, as it may be considered a minority language or dialect and such languages and dialects have been found to be especially vulnerable in the times of calamities like the present COVID-19 pandemic. However, this paper would basically provide a baseline upon which post-pandamic studies can be based for exploring the effect of the pandemic. The present study reflects the segmental phonology of Maithili Urdu, a dialect of the Indo-Aryan language family, spoken mainly in the Mithilanchal region of the state of Bihar in India. Maithili Urdu does not have its own script or literature, yet it has maintained an oral history over many centuries. It has contributed in enriching the Maithili, Hindi and Urdu language and literature very profoundly. There are ten vowels in Maithili Urdu. It would be very interesting to know that out of these, there are four front vowels, four back vowels, and two central vowels. Lip rounding is not distinctive, but only the back vowels are rounded. Out of these ten vowels, three are short and seven are long. Length, thus, is a distinctive feature in Maithili Urdu, where short and long vowels show full phonological opposition in all positions. These are all pure vowels, non-nasalized. All vowels in Maithili Urdu can be nasalized. Consonantal phonemes in Maithili Urdu show four-way contrast between voiceless and voiced and unaspirated and aspirated at bilabial, dental, retroflex, palatal, velar, and glottal places of articulation. Phonetically, affricates also behave like stops. Similarly, the taps, laterals, and nasals also show a two-way contrast between unaspirated and aspirated. Aspiration, thus, is an overriding characteristic of the Maithili Urdu sound system. This study has greatly benifited from the similar work done by Dixit, 1963; Halle & Mohannan 1985; Masud Husain Khan, 1986; Hyman, 2003. In this paper, a brief overview of segmental phonology of Maithili Urdu will be presented wherein vowels and consonants and their phonotactic behavior will be described in detail.

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Anderson, John, Colin Ewen, and Jørgen Staun. "Phonological structure: segmental, suprasegmental and extrasegmental." Phonology Yearbook 2, no. 1 (May 1985): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700000439.

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In the past few years a great deal of attention has been paid to the representation of suprasegmental phenomena in phonology, with the resulting development of a number of partly competing theories and models of suprasegmental representation – in particular, various versions of AUTOSEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY (see, for example, Goldsmith 1976; Halle & Vergnaud 1981; Clements & Keyser 1983) and METRICAL PHONOLOGY (Liberman & Prince 1977; Hayes 1980, 1982; Prince 1983; Giegerich 1985). Other frameworks have also been developed which allow for the representation of phenomena in this area, notably that of DEPENDENCY PHONOLOGY (Anderson & Jones 1974, 1977; Ewen 1980; Anderson 1984; Anderson & Ewen 1980, forthcoming).It has, moreover, become obvious that although these theories at first seemed very different, many of the differences are more apparent than real, so that in some respects the proposals are complementary rather than alternative - and in many areas it is clear that we are moving towards a situation where a single model can perhaps be developed from the various frameworks (cf. Leben 1982; Goldsmith this volume).

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McCollum, Adam G., Eric Baković, Anna Mai, and Eric Meinhardt. "Unbounded circumambient patterns in segmental phonology." Phonology 37, no. 2 (May 2020): 215–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267572000010x.

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We present an empirical challenge to Jardine's (2016) assertion that only tonal spreading patterns can be unbounded circumambient, meaning that the determination of a phonological value may depend on information that is an unbounded distance away on both sides. We focus on a demonstration that the ATR harmony pattern found in Tutrugbu is unbounded circumambient, and we also cite several other segmental spreading processes with the same general character. We discuss implications for the complexity of phonology and for the relationship between the explanation of typology and the evaluation of phonological theories.

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Nevins, Andrew. "Segmental Phonology in Optimality Theory (review)." Language 79, no. 4 (2003): 811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0259.

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Simo Bobda, Augustin. "Some segmental rules of Nigerian English phonology." English World-Wide 28, no. 3 (October 30, 2007): 279–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.28.3.04sim.

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This paper discusses some major processes which characterise Nigerian English (NigE) phonology at the segmental level. After a review of patterns of realisation of English sounds in NigE, the paper identifies, analyses and names, where no previous names exist, the most salient contextual processes which can be considered the hallmarks of this variety of English. The next part of the analysis discusses the patterns of interaction of rules in NigE, addressing issues like ordering of rules, feeding and bleeding. The third part highlights the behaviour of NigE in relation to the existing rules of English; it thus acknowledges that NigE shares many existing rules of English phonology. But more importantly it shows that NigE applies other rules differently (either more generally, partially, or inordinately) and that some of its rules are altogether new when perceived in terms of the standard accents of Inner Circle Englishes. The conclusion of the study shows, inter alia, that the findings can be used very fruitfully to provide further, alternative, and arguably more convincing explanations and interpretations of many facts of NigE and related Englishes.

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González, Hebe. "Una aproximación a la fonología del tapiete (Tupí-Guaraní)." LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, no. 8 (April 27, 2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/liames.v0i8.1469.

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This article presents the main features of Tapiete phonology, a Tupi-Guarani language spoken in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. It discusses the segmental phonology focusing on phonemes, their phonetic description, the phonotactics, the rules that govern the allophonic variations and the syllable structure. At the supra-segmental level, the article provides a characterization of nasal harmony and stress.KEYWORDS: Tapiete; Tupi-Guarani; Phonology; Nasal harmony; Reduplication. RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los principales rasgos de la fonología tapiete, lengua tupí-guaraní hablada en Argentina, Bolivia y Paraguay. El artículo aborda la fonología segmental, centrándose en los fonemas, su caracterización fonética, la fonotáctica, las reglas que rigen las variaciones alofónicas y la estructura silábica. A nivel suprasegmental, el artículo brinda una caracterización de la armonía nasal y el acento. Se describen las variaciones morfofonológicas, específicamente, en su relación con la armonía nasal y el acento.PALABRAS CLAVES: Tapiete; Tupí-Guaraní; Fonología; Armonía nasal; Reduplicació

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Abdelrahim, Azza A. M. "Improving Speaker’s Use of Segmental and Suprasegmental Features of L2 Speech." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 5 (July 17, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p203.

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Unlike L1 acquisition, which is based on automatic acquisition, L2 adult learners’ acquisition of English phonology is based on mental reflection and processing of information. There is a limited investigation of L2 phonology research exploring the contribution of the cognitive/theoretical part of pronunciation training. The study reports on the use of online collaborative reflection for improving students’ use of English segmental and suprasegmental features of L2 speech. Ninety participants at the tertiary level at Tabuk university in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia were divided into two groups which used an online instruction. The only difference between the instruction of the experimental group and the control group is that the experimental group spent part of the time of instruction on collaborative reflection, while the control group spent this time on routine activities without using collaborative reflection (but all other activities were the same). The results showed that the online collaborative reflection improved the pronunciation of the experimental group. The learners learned the pronunciation of the major segmentals (e.g., vowels, consonants, diphthongs), minor segmentals (e.g., the way of articulation), and the suprasegmental features (e.g., intonation, stress). The results also showed that students perceived the online collaborative reflection as a helpful means in improving their use of L2 English phonology features. The findings have important implications and contribute to our theoretical knowledge of second language acquisition and L2 phonetics instruction research.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Segmental phonology"

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Howe, Darin Mathew. "Oowekyala segmental phonology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61111.pdf.

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Goh, Yeng-Seng. "The segmental phonology of Beijing Mandarin." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245240.

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Li, Wenzhao. "A diachronically-motivated segmental phonology of Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339163.

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Xavier, Francisco da Silva. "Fonologia segmental e supra-segmental do Quimbundo: variedades de Luanda, Bengo, Quanza Norte e Malange." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-20102010-091425/.

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Desde os primeiros trabalhos lingüísticos efetuados sobre o quimbundo, língua banta H20 na classificação de Guthrie (1948), nota-se uma ausência de informações detalhadas e confiáveis a respeito de elementos sua estrutura prosódica e de sua fonologia como um todo. Essa lacuna me instigou a realizar, seguindo o quadro de pesquisas sobre as línguas africanas estabelecido pelo Departamento de Lingüística da Universidade de São Paulo, um estudo descritivo da fonologia segmental e supra-segmental do quimbundo, cujos resultados se organizam nesta tese de doutorado. O presente trabalho, tomando como base de investigação quatro variedades regionais representadas por cinco falantes nativos do quimbundo, abrange, no bojo da descrição lingüística, fenômenos verificáveis na estrutura segmental e prosódica da língua, tais como a harmonia vocálica, alterações de natureza fonética na configuração da estrutura silábica, casos de mudança de timbre vocálico, apagamento de segmentos, direção e extensão do espraiamento de traços consonantais e de tons fonológicos. Finalmente, a observação e a análise do fenômeno de sândi ao nível dos suprasegmentos permitem afirmar que o quimbundo utiliza variações de altura com valor distintivo apenas numa perspectiva paradigmática, o que comprova, portanto, seu estatuto de língua tonal. Acredito que a descrição aqui realizada é uma forma de lançar visibilidade ao quimbundo nas pesquisas sobre as línguas africanas e de atualizar as perspectivas de estudo da língua dentro das teorias lingüísticas.
From the first linguistic works on Kimbundu, a Bantu language coded as H20 according to Guthries zone classification (1948), there has been a lack of detailed and reliable information about the elements comprising its prosodic structure, and its phonology altogether. This gap has instigated my conducting a detailed description of both segmental and prosodic phonology of Kimbundu within the research framework for African languages set forth by the Linguistics Department of the University of São Paulo, and whose results make up this Ph.D. dissertation. Based on four regiolects represented by five native Kimbundu speakers, this descriptive study covers phenomena which can be found in the segmental and prosodic structure of this language, such as vowel harmony, phonetic alternations in the setup of the syllable structure, vowel quality changes, segment deletion, and the direction and range of consonantal feature and phonological tone spreading. Finally, the study of prosodic sandhi corroborates that Kimbundu makes use of different distinctive pitches only on a paradigmatic perspective, which proves true the claim that this is a tonal language. I strongly believe that this description work can be used to shed light upon Kimbundu on further research on African languages, in addition to updating the prospect studies of this language within linguistic theories.

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Giavazzi, Maria. "The phonetics of metrical prominence and its consequences on segmental phonology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62408.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-199).
Only very few phonological processes are reported to be conditioned by stress. There are two major patterns of stress-sensitive processes: segments are lengthened under stress, and vowels become louder. Two other phonological patterns are reported in the presence of stress, although they don't seem to enhance prominence of the stressed position: the preservation of segmental contrast and the enhancement of acoustic properties of the releases in stress-adjacent consonants. The main question of this dissertation is why there are so few segmental processes that show sensitivity to stress. Why are the major segmental processes affecting consonants (e.g. place assimilation, nasalization and voice neutralization) not sensitive about whether their trigger or target is in a stressed position? The analysis of prosodic conditioning presented here has three components: First every stress-conditioned process is enforced by a markedness constraint requiring the perceptual prominence of a metrically strong position. Languages use two strategies to implement this prominence: increasing the duration of the stressed position, or increasing the perceptual energy of the stressed vowel. Second, increasing the loudness of the stressed vowel has side-effects on the realization of stress adjacent stop releases, which result from the subglottal mechanisms used to produce the increase in loudness. These side-effects constitute the small class of stress-conditioned segmental alternations which are not directly enhancing the prominence of the stressed position. Third, both the effects of prominence requirements and the side-effects of prominence enhancement on the phonetic realization of segments in stressed positions may affect the perceptual distinctiveness between contrasting sounds in stressed positions: if the perceptual distinctiveness between contrasting sounds is decreased in a stressed position, contrast neutralization might arise. If the perceptual distinctiveness between contrasting sounds is increased in a stressed position, stress-conditioned contrast preservation might arise. Contrast preservation in stressed positions is therefore not an effect of Positional faithfulness; it emerges as the indirect consequence of prominence enhancement. The set of segmental features which may be targeted by stress-sensitive processes is extremely limited since it is restricted to those features which can be affected by one of three processes: duration, loudness and effects of raised subglottal pressure on stop releases.
by Maria Giavazzi.
Ph.D.

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Walters, J. Roderick. "A study of the segmental and suprasegmental phonology of Rhondda Valleys English." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-study-of-the-segmental-and-suprasegmental-phonology-of-rhondda-valleys-english(900ae2d6-237e-4ce5-82fb-a7c8c9a9c080).html.

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The research is a study of male working class pronunciation in the Rhondda, part of the 'Valleys' area of South East Wales. It encompasses both segmental and suprasegmental (prosodic) phonology. The segmental analysis is primarily auditory although it has some supporting acoustic detail. It examines the consonant and vowel systems of Rhondda Valleys English (RVE), with phonetic realizations and lexical incidence. Comparisons with British R.P. are made and similarities with neighbouring varieties of English (e.g. the West Country) and the Welsh Language are observed. The suprasegmental (prosodic) analysis is of spontaneous conversational data, and is auditory and instrumental. The phonology of RVE intonation is described mainly via a system of intonation phrases (IPs), accents, and terminal tones. IP tunes (overall contours) are observed to contain accent profiles whose pitch obtrusions to the stressed syllable are, in the majority of cases, downwards and whose initial pitch movement from the stressed syllable is rising in over 80% of final accents and final accents. A large majority of IP terminal tones in the data are ultimately rising. Aspects of length and rhythm are examined. Evidence is found of rhythmic organization, e.g. of alternation between strong and weak beats. Strongly accented syllables can be accompanied either by lengthening of the vowel, or by shortening of the vowel with lengthening of the succeeding consonant. Which of these two strategies is adopted by the speaker depends partly on the vowel and partly on how the speaker syllabifies the word. The final 'weak' syllable of an IP may be phonetically stronger (with greater duration, envelope amplitude and pitch prominence) than the accented penult. Several of the prosodic features of RVE are found to bear strong influence from the Welsh Language.

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Zoll, Cheryl. "The Role of the Root in Segmental Representations." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227281.

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Stevenson, Sophia Diana. "The Strength of Segmental Contrasts: A Study on Laurentian French." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32179.

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The dichotomy of contrastive and allophonic phonological relationships has a long-standing tradition in phonology, but there is a growing body of research (see Hall, 2013, for a review) that points to phonological relationships that fall between contrastive and allophonic. The criteria most commonly used to define phonological relationships or resolve cases of ambiguous phonological relationships – namely (a) predictability of distribution, and (b) lexical distinction – are not always able to account for observed sound patterns. The main goal of this dissertation is to identify and apply quantitative measures (relative frequency and minimal pair counts) to the traditional criteria in order to better account for cases of intermediate phonological relationships or, in other words, to account for different strengths and degrees of contrast. Twenty native speakers of Laurentian French (LF) participated in Experiment 1, an AX discrimination task, and Experiment 2, a four-interval AX (4IAX) task, which tested the broader relationships of allophony and contrast. It was hypothesized, based on previous experiments (Boomershine et al., 2008; Dupoux et al., 1997; Ettlinger & Johnson, 2009; Johnson & Babel, 2010; Kazanina et al., 2006; Peperkamp et al., 2003; Pruitt et al., 2006), that phones in an allophonic relationship would be more difficult to perceive than phones in a contrastive relationship. Results confirmed previous findings, with longer reaction times for allophonic pairs as compared to contrastive pairs in the AX task (p<.001), as well as in the 4IAX task (p = .004). For Experiments 3, 4 and 5, thirty native speakers of LF participated in an AX, a 4IAX and a similarity rating task. Measures of functional load, frequency and acoustic similarity were applied to pairs of phones in allophonic and phonemic relationships in order to quantify the degree of contrast between pairs. If a gradient view of contrast was supported, it was hypothesized that High Contrast vowels [a-ɔ] would yield higher accuracy, faster reaction times and lower similarity ratings; Low Contrast vowels [y-ʏ] would yield lower accuracy, slower reaction times and higher similarity ratings; and Mid Contrast vowels [o-ʊ] would yield results that fell between the two extremes. If, on the other hand, a strict binary interpretation of contrast was supported, High Contrast vowels and Mid Contrast vowels should yield similar results since these vowels are considered to be in a phonemic relationship, with higher accuracy, faster reaction times and lower similarity ratings, while Low Contrast vowels [y-ʏ], in an allophonic relationship, should yield lower accuracy, slower reaction times and higher similarity ratings. The results from Experiments 3 (AX) and 4 (4IAX) show that the High Contrast pairs yielded significantly higher accuracy scores and faster reaction times than both Mid and Low Contrast pairs (Experiment 3: p<.001 for both High vs. Mid and High vs. Low comparisons; Experiment 4: p = .039 for High vs. Mid, p = .055 for High vs. Low comparisons). However, no significant differences were found between Mid and Low Contrast pairs in these two experiments. The results from Experiment 5 matched gradient predictions, showing significant differences between High, Mid and Low conditions, with similarity being judged highest for Low pairs, lowest for High pairs, and ratings for Mid pairs falling exactly between the other two levels (p<.001 for all comparisons). While results do not perfectly match gradient predictions, the findings provide evidence counter to a strict binary interpretation of contrast since traditionally phonemic pairs (High [a-ɔ] and Mid [o-ʊ]) were significantly different from one another in all experiments. The lack of difference between Mid and Low Contrast pairs could be due to the measures of functional load and frequency for Mid pairs being closer to those of Low pairs, and thus did not reflect a level of contrast that was equidistant between High and Low Contrast. Nevertheless, taken together with the results from Experiment 5, the results appear to support a gradient view of phonological relationships rather than a strictly dichotomous view. Quantitative measures therefore show promise in accounting for cases of intermediate phonological relationships.

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Nogueira, Antônia Fernanda de Souza. "Wayoro êmêto: fonologia segmental e morfossintaxe verbal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-22102012-093617/.

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Investigamos, nesta dissertação, a fonologia segmental e a morfossintaxe verbal Wayoro, especialmente, a estrutura argumental e a valência verbal. Nosso objetivo é oferecer um estudo destas áreas da gramática da língua, com base em dados originais e em modelos teóricos úteis para a explicação dos mesmos. No âmbito da fonologia, os pares contrastivos identificados evidenciam o seguinte inventário consonantal: oclusivas /p t tS k g kw gw/, nasais /m n N Nw/, fricativa /B/ e tepe /|/. As consoantes nasais realizam-se como nasais pósoralizadas, quando seguidas por vogal oral. Os fonemas vocálicos /i È o E a/ contrastam quanto à nasalidade e ao prolongamento. Descrevemos os processos fonológicos e morfofonológicos presentes nos dados, a saber, lenição e sonorização, neutralização e assimilação de nasalidade. Quanto à morfossintaxe verbal, inicialmente, apresentamos os morfemas característicos ou exclusivos da categoria verbal. A distribuição dos morfemas pessoais, em Wayoro, está relacionada à valência verbal: prefixos pessoais absolutivos funcionam como objeto e como sujeito do verbo intransitivo, ao passo que morfemas pessoais livres (ergativos) têm função de sujeito do verbo transitivo. O radical verbal é formado por uma raiz à qual se une o verbalizador e a vogal temática . Após a vogal temática, podem ser afixadas marcas de tempo. Examinamos a morfologia interna e a valência de cerca de 100 verbos Wayoro. Os verbalizadores ocorrem com verbos transitivos e intransitivos e, portanto, não estão associados a uma estrutura argumental única. Os verbos podem ser pluralizados através de substituição do verbalizador pelo sufixo , de duplicação da raiz verbal ou de supleção operações que pluralizam o evento (e não necessariamente os argumentos). Os morfemas de mudança de valência são prefixais e selecionam estrutura argumental específica. O prefixo {mõ-~õ-} causativo/transitivizador é usado apenas com verbos intransitivos, tornando-os transitivos. Dentro da proposta de Hale e Keyser (2002), verbos intransitivos que permitem transitivização automática são núcleos verbais que projetam complemento e especificador e podem ser tomados como complemento de um núcleo verbal superior (V1), de modo que o especificador funciona como sujeito da sentença intransitiva e como objeto da versão transitiva. Os testes realizados com o prefixo causativo/transitivizador mostram que {mõ-~õ-} pode ser interpretado como o núcleo superior, V1. O segundo prefixo de mudança de valência investigado é o intransitivizador . Tal morfema foi identificado com verbos que têm uma contraparte transitiva sem o morfema , com valor anticausativo e reflexivo, e verbos que não contam com correspondente transitivo (prefixo inerente), com propriedades de voz média. Por fim, analisamos construções em que o auxiliar {-mãNã} mandar, pedir, fazer toma como complemento um radical verbal transitivo ou intransitivo, inserindo um agente ou causa à sentença. De uma perspectiva tipológica, as sentenças com o auxiliar podem ser analisadas como causativas analíticas e as sentenças com o morfema causativo/transitivizador como causativas sintéticas.
This study investigates the segmental phonology and verbal morpho-syntax, particularly, the argument structure and valency of the verbs in Wayoro language. We aim to provide a study of these areas of the grammar of the language based on original data and subtle theoretical models to explain it. In phonology, the contrastive pairs identified show the following consonantal inventory: stops /p t tS k g kw gw/, nasals /m n N Nw/, fricative /B/ and tap /|/. The nasal consonants are post-oralized when followed by oral vowels. The vocalic phonemes /i È o E a/ show contrast in nasality and length. We describe the phonological and morphophonological processes in the data, namely, lenition, voicing, neutralization and nasal assimilation. Regarding verbal morpho-syntax, initially, we presented the characteristic or exclusive morphemes of the verbal category. The distribution of personal morphemes in Wayoro is related to the verbal valency: the absolutive personal prefixes function as transitive object and intransitive subject, whereas free personal morphemes (ergative) function as transitive subject. The verbs consist of a root, followed by a verbalizer morpheme and the thematic vowel . After the thematic vowel, verbs can receive temporal markers. We examined the internal morphology and valency of about 100 Wayoro verbs. The verbalizers occur with transitive and intransitive verbs, and therefore, are not associated with a single argument structure. Verbs may be pluralized by replacement of verbalizers by the suffix {- kw}, root reduplication and suppletion operations that pluralize the event (and not necessarily the arguments). The valency-changing morphemes are prefixes and select a specific argument structure. The prefix {mõ-~õ-} causative/transitivizer is only used with intransitive verbs, turning them transitive ones. According to Hale & Keyser (2002), intransitive verbs that allow simple (or automatic) transitivization are verbal heads that project both a complement and a specifier and can be taken as complement of an upper verbal head (V1), so that the specifier functions as subject in the intransitive sentences and as object in the transitive alternant. Tests with the causative/transitivizer prefix show that {mõ-~õ-} can be analyzed as the upper head, V1. The second valency-changing prefix investigated is the intransitivizer. This morpheme has been identified in verbs which have a transitive counterpart, without prefix, with anticausative and reflexive effects, and verbs that do not have corresponding transitive ( prefix inherent) with properties of the middle voice. Finally, we analyzed constructions in which the auxiliar {-mãNã} to order, to ask, to make takes transitive and intransitive verbs as complement and adds an agent or cause. From a typological point of view, constructions with that auxiliar may be analyzed as analytic causatives and constructions with the causative/transitivizer prefix as synthetic causatives.

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Pascoe, Michelle. "Segmental phonology and Black South African English speakers : communicative success with standard dialect listeners." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26323.

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The study investigated the nature of the listener confusion which occurs when Black South African English (BSAE) speakers communicate a list of common English words to speakers of standard South African (StdSAE) English. BSAE and StdSAE subjects were grouped into 10 dyads. BSAE subjects read 120 monosyllabic English words to StdSAE subjects. Written data of StdSAE subjects were analysed to determine patterns of success and failure in the communication of single word items by BSAE subjects. Specific difficulties with vowels, dipthongs and consonants are discussed in terms of their effect on intelligibility. Findings are evaluated in the light of previous research, and in terms of Flege's Speech Learning Model (1987, 1991, 1995). It is suggested that all segmental features of BSAE relate to two distinct levels: a functional (meaning) level and an aesthetic level. This study focussed on the functional level, and aimed to describe the segmental features of BSAE speech which affect meaning. Such a distinction has particular relevance for speech and language therapists who need to have a clear rationale for their work with BSAE-speaking clients. Clinical implications specific to this emerging client group within South Africa are discussed.

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Books on the topic "Segmental phonology"

1

Jeroen Maarten van de Weijer. Segmental structure and complex segments. Leiden: [s.n.], 1994.

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Jeroen Maarten van de Weijer. Segmental structure and complex segments. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 1996.

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Prieto, Pilar, Joan Mascaró, and Maria-Josep Solé, eds. Segmental and prosodic issues in Romance phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.282.

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Fonología segmental y léxica del mazahua. México, D.F: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2008.

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Suprasegmental phonology and segmental form: Segmental variation in the English of Dutch speakers. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1986.

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Chung, Raung-fu. The segmental phonology of Southern Min in Taiwan. [Taipei]: Crane Pub. Co., 1996.

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A diachronically-motivated segmental phonology of Mandarin Chinese. New York: Peter Lang, 1999.

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Dogil, Grzegorz. Notes on sonority and segmental strength. Saarbrücken: Institut für Phonetik, Universität des Saarlandes, 1989.

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Soares, Marília Facó. O supra-segmental em Tikuna e a teoria fonológica. Campinas, SP, Brasil: Editora da UNICAMP, 2000.

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A theory of syllabification and segmental alternation: With studies on the phonology of French, German, Tonkawa and Yawelmani. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Segmental phonology"

1

Hyman, Larry. "Segmental phonology." In The Bantu Languages, 128–49. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge language family series: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315755946-4.

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Katamba, Francis. "Segmental Phonology." In English Language, 30–54. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07789-9_3.

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Ballard, Kim. "Segmental Phonology." In The Frameworks of English, 248–69. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06833-0_10.

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Lin, Yen-Hwei. "Segmental Phonology." In The Handbook of Chinese Linguistics, 400–421. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118584552.ch15.

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Minkova, Donka, and Robert Stockwell. "Phonology: Segmental Histories." In A Companion to the History of the English Language, 29–42. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444302851.ch4.

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Safi-Stagni, Sabah. "Arabic segmental errors and segmental phonology." In Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics, 169. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.115.14saf.

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Michelson, Karin. "Segmental Phonology and Morphophonemic Processes." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 8–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2709-4_2.

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Kingston, John. "Segmental influences on F0: Automatic or controlled?" In Phonology and Phonetics, 171–210. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110207576.2.171.

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Díaz-Campos, Manuel. "Segmental Phonology in Second Language Spanish." In The Handbook of Spanish Second Language Acquisition, 146–65. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118584347.ch9.

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Hyman, Larry M. "Underlying representations and Bantu segmental phonology." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 102–16. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.14.c6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Segmental phonology"

1

Rytting, C. Anton. "Segment predictability as a cue in word segmentation." In the 7th Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Phonology: Current Themes in Computational Phonology and Morphology. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1622153.1622163.

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Wieling, Martijn, Therese Leinonen, and John Nerbonne. "Inducing sound segment differences using Pair Hidden Markov Models." In Ninth Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Morphology and Phonology. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1626516.1626523.

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