To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Segmental phonology.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Segmental phonology'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 43 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Segmental phonology.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Howe, Darin Mathew. "Oowekyala segmental phonology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61111.pdf.
Full text
2
Goh, Yeng-Seng. "The segmental phonology of Beijing Mandarin." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245240.
Full text
3
Li, Wenzhao. "A diachronically-motivated segmental phonology of Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339163.
Full text
4
Xavier, Francisco da Silva. "Fonologia segmental e supra-segmental do Quimbundo: variedades de Luanda, Bengo, Quanza Norte e Malange." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-20102010-091425/.
Full textAbstract:
Desde os primeiros trabalhos lingüísticos efetuados sobre o quimbundo, língua banta H20 na classificação de Guthrie (1948), nota-se uma ausência de informações detalhadas e confiáveis a respeito de elementos sua estrutura prosódica e de sua fonologia como um todo. Essa lacuna me instigou a realizar, seguindo o quadro de pesquisas sobre as línguas africanas estabelecido pelo Departamento de Lingüística da Universidade de São Paulo, um estudo descritivo da fonologia segmental e supra-segmental do quimbundo, cujos resultados se organizam nesta tese de doutorado. O presente trabalho, tomando como base de investigação quatro variedades regionais representadas por cinco falantes nativos do quimbundo, abrange, no bojo da descrição lingüística, fenômenos verificáveis na estrutura segmental e prosódica da língua, tais como a harmonia vocálica, alterações de natureza fonética na configuração da estrutura silábica, casos de mudança de timbre vocálico, apagamento de segmentos, direção e extensão do espraiamento de traços consonantais e de tons fonológicos. Finalmente, a observação e a análise do fenômeno de sândi ao nível dos suprasegmentos permitem afirmar que o quimbundo utiliza variações de altura com valor distintivo apenas numa perspectiva paradigmática, o que comprova, portanto, seu estatuto de língua tonal. Acredito que a descrição aqui realizada é uma forma de lançar visibilidade ao quimbundo nas pesquisas sobre as línguas africanas e de atualizar as perspectivas de estudo da língua dentro das teorias lingüísticas.From the first linguistic works on Kimbundu, a Bantu language coded as H20 according to Guthries zone classification (1948), there has been a lack of detailed and reliable information about the elements comprising its prosodic structure, and its phonology altogether. This gap has instigated my conducting a detailed description of both segmental and prosodic phonology of Kimbundu within the research framework for African languages set forth by the Linguistics Department of the University of São Paulo, and whose results make up this Ph.D. dissertation. Based on four regiolects represented by five native Kimbundu speakers, this descriptive study covers phenomena which can be found in the segmental and prosodic structure of this language, such as vowel harmony, phonetic alternations in the setup of the syllable structure, vowel quality changes, segment deletion, and the direction and range of consonantal feature and phonological tone spreading. Finally, the study of prosodic sandhi corroborates that Kimbundu makes use of different distinctive pitches only on a paradigmatic perspective, which proves true the claim that this is a tonal language. I strongly believe that this description work can be used to shed light upon Kimbundu on further research on African languages, in addition to updating the prospect studies of this language within linguistic theories.
5
Giavazzi, Maria. "The phonetics of metrical prominence and its consequences on segmental phonology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62408.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-199).
Only very few phonological processes are reported to be conditioned by stress. There are two major patterns of stress-sensitive processes: segments are lengthened under stress, and vowels become louder. Two other phonological patterns are reported in the presence of stress, although they don't seem to enhance prominence of the stressed position: the preservation of segmental contrast and the enhancement of acoustic properties of the releases in stress-adjacent consonants. The main question of this dissertation is why there are so few segmental processes that show sensitivity to stress. Why are the major segmental processes affecting consonants (e.g. place assimilation, nasalization and voice neutralization) not sensitive about whether their trigger or target is in a stressed position? The analysis of prosodic conditioning presented here has three components: First every stress-conditioned process is enforced by a markedness constraint requiring the perceptual prominence of a metrically strong position. Languages use two strategies to implement this prominence: increasing the duration of the stressed position, or increasing the perceptual energy of the stressed vowel. Second, increasing the loudness of the stressed vowel has side-effects on the realization of stress adjacent stop releases, which result from the subglottal mechanisms used to produce the increase in loudness. These side-effects constitute the small class of stress-conditioned segmental alternations which are not directly enhancing the prominence of the stressed position. Third, both the effects of prominence requirements and the side-effects of prominence enhancement on the phonetic realization of segments in stressed positions may affect the perceptual distinctiveness between contrasting sounds in stressed positions: if the perceptual distinctiveness between contrasting sounds is decreased in a stressed position, contrast neutralization might arise. If the perceptual distinctiveness between contrasting sounds is increased in a stressed position, stress-conditioned contrast preservation might arise. Contrast preservation in stressed positions is therefore not an effect of Positional faithfulness; it emerges as the indirect consequence of prominence enhancement. The set of segmental features which may be targeted by stress-sensitive processes is extremely limited since it is restricted to those features which can be affected by one of three processes: duration, loudness and effects of raised subglottal pressure on stop releases.
by Maria Giavazzi.
Ph.D.
6
Walters, J. Roderick. "A study of the segmental and suprasegmental phonology of Rhondda Valleys English." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-study-of-the-segmental-and-suprasegmental-phonology-of-rhondda-valleys-english(900ae2d6-237e-4ce5-82fb-a7c8c9a9c080).html.
Full textAbstract:
The research is a study of male working class pronunciation in the Rhondda, part of the 'Valleys' area of South East Wales. It encompasses both segmental and suprasegmental (prosodic) phonology. The segmental analysis is primarily auditory although it has some supporting acoustic detail. It examines the consonant and vowel systems of Rhondda Valleys English (RVE), with phonetic realizations and lexical incidence. Comparisons with British R.P. are made and similarities with neighbouring varieties of English (e.g. the West Country) and the Welsh Language are observed. The suprasegmental (prosodic) analysis is of spontaneous conversational data, and is auditory and instrumental. The phonology of RVE intonation is described mainly via a system of intonation phrases (IPs), accents, and terminal tones. IP tunes (overall contours) are observed to contain accent profiles whose pitch obtrusions to the stressed syllable are, in the majority of cases, downwards and whose initial pitch movement from the stressed syllable is rising in over 80% of final accents and final accents. A large majority of IP terminal tones in the data are ultimately rising. Aspects of length and rhythm are examined. Evidence is found of rhythmic organization, e.g. of alternation between strong and weak beats. Strongly accented syllables can be accompanied either by lengthening of the vowel, or by shortening of the vowel with lengthening of the succeeding consonant. Which of these two strategies is adopted by the speaker depends partly on the vowel and partly on how the speaker syllabifies the word. The final 'weak' syllable of an IP may be phonetically stronger (with greater duration, envelope amplitude and pitch prominence) than the accented penult. Several of the prosodic features of RVE are found to bear strong influence from the Welsh Language.
7
Zoll, Cheryl. "The Role of the Root in Segmental Representations." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227281.
Full text
8
Stevenson, Sophia Diana. "The Strength of Segmental Contrasts: A Study on Laurentian French." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32179.
Full textAbstract:
The dichotomy of contrastive and allophonic phonological relationships has a long-standing tradition in phonology, but there is a growing body of research (see Hall, 2013, for a review) that points to phonological relationships that fall between contrastive and allophonic. The criteria most commonly used to define phonological relationships or resolve cases of ambiguous phonological relationships – namely (a) predictability of distribution, and (b) lexical distinction – are not always able to account for observed sound patterns. The main goal of this dissertation is to identify and apply quantitative measures (relative frequency and minimal pair counts) to the traditional criteria in order to better account for cases of intermediate phonological relationships or, in other words, to account for different strengths and degrees of contrast.
Twenty native speakers of Laurentian French (LF) participated in Experiment 1, an AX discrimination task, and Experiment 2, a four-interval AX (4IAX) task, which tested the broader relationships of allophony and contrast. It was hypothesized, based on previous experiments (Boomershine et al., 2008; Dupoux et al., 1997; Ettlinger & Johnson, 2009; Johnson & Babel, 2010; Kazanina et al., 2006; Peperkamp et al., 2003; Pruitt et al., 2006), that phones in an allophonic relationship would be more difficult to perceive than phones in a contrastive relationship. Results confirmed previous findings, with longer reaction times for allophonic pairs as compared to contrastive pairs in the AX task (p<.001), as well as in the 4IAX task (p = .004).
For Experiments 3, 4 and 5, thirty native speakers of LF participated in an AX, a 4IAX and a similarity rating task. Measures of functional load, frequency and acoustic similarity were applied to pairs of phones in allophonic and phonemic relationships in order to quantify the degree of contrast between pairs. If a gradient view of contrast was supported, it was hypothesized that High Contrast vowels [a-ɔ] would yield higher accuracy, faster reaction times and lower similarity ratings; Low Contrast vowels [y-ʏ] would yield lower accuracy, slower reaction times and higher similarity ratings; and Mid Contrast vowels [o-ʊ] would yield results that fell between the two extremes. If, on the other hand, a strict binary interpretation of contrast was supported, High Contrast vowels and Mid Contrast vowels should yield similar results since these vowels are considered to be in a phonemic relationship, with higher accuracy, faster reaction times and lower similarity ratings, while Low Contrast vowels [y-ʏ], in an allophonic relationship, should yield lower accuracy, slower reaction times and higher similarity ratings.
The results from Experiments 3 (AX) and 4 (4IAX) show that the High Contrast pairs yielded significantly higher accuracy scores and faster reaction times than both Mid and Low Contrast pairs (Experiment 3: p<.001 for both High vs. Mid and High vs. Low comparisons; Experiment 4: p = .039 for High vs. Mid, p = .055 for High vs. Low comparisons). However, no significant differences were found between Mid and Low Contrast pairs in these two experiments. The results from Experiment 5 matched gradient predictions, showing significant differences between High, Mid and Low conditions, with similarity being judged highest for Low pairs, lowest for High pairs, and ratings for Mid pairs falling exactly between the other two levels (p<.001 for all comparisons).
While results do not perfectly match gradient predictions, the findings provide evidence counter to a strict binary interpretation of contrast since traditionally phonemic pairs (High [a-ɔ] and Mid [o-ʊ]) were significantly different from one another in all experiments. The lack of difference between Mid and Low Contrast pairs could be due to the measures of functional load and frequency for Mid pairs being closer to those of Low pairs, and thus did not reflect a level of contrast that was equidistant between High and Low Contrast. Nevertheless, taken together with the results from Experiment 5, the results appear to support a gradient view of phonological relationships rather than a strictly dichotomous view. Quantitative measures therefore show promise in accounting for cases of intermediate phonological relationships.
9
Nogueira, Antônia Fernanda de Souza. "Wayoro êmêto: fonologia segmental e morfossintaxe verbal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-22102012-093617/.
Full textAbstract:
Investigamos, nesta dissertação, a fonologia segmental e a morfossintaxe verbal Wayoro, especialmente, a estrutura argumental e a valência verbal. Nosso objetivo é oferecer um estudo destas áreas da gramática da língua, com base em dados originais e em modelos teóricos úteis para a explicação dos mesmos. No âmbito da fonologia, os pares contrastivos identificados evidenciam o seguinte inventário consonantal: oclusivas /p t tS k g kw gw/, nasais /m n N Nw/, fricativa /B/ e tepe /|/. As consoantes nasais realizam-se como nasais pósoralizadas, quando seguidas por vogal oral. Os fonemas vocálicos /i È o E a/ contrastam quanto à nasalidade e ao prolongamento. Descrevemos os processos fonológicos e morfofonológicos presentes nos dados, a saber, lenição e sonorização, neutralização e assimilação de nasalidade. Quanto à morfossintaxe verbal, inicialmente, apresentamos os morfemas característicos ou exclusivos da categoria verbal. A distribuição dos morfemas pessoais, em Wayoro, está relacionada à valência verbal: prefixos pessoais absolutivos funcionam como objeto e como sujeito do verbo intransitivo, ao passo que morfemas pessoais livres (ergativos) têm função de sujeito do verbo transitivo. O radical verbal é formado por uma raiz à qual se une o verbalizador e a vogal temática . Após a vogal temática, podem ser afixadas marcas de tempo. Examinamos a morfologia interna e a valência de cerca de 100 verbos Wayoro. Os verbalizadores ocorrem com verbos transitivos e intransitivos e, portanto, não estão associados a uma estrutura argumental única. Os verbos podem ser pluralizados através de substituição do verbalizador pelo sufixo , de duplicação da raiz verbal ou de supleção operações que pluralizam o evento (e não necessariamente os argumentos). Os morfemas de mudança de valência são prefixais e selecionam estrutura argumental específica. O prefixo {mõ-~õ-} causativo/transitivizador é usado apenas com verbos intransitivos, tornando-os transitivos. Dentro da proposta de Hale e Keyser (2002), verbos intransitivos que permitem transitivização automática são núcleos verbais que projetam complemento e especificador e podem ser tomados como complemento de um núcleo verbal superior (V1), de modo que o especificador funciona como sujeito da sentença intransitiva e como objeto da versão transitiva. Os testes realizados com o prefixo causativo/transitivizador mostram que {mõ-~õ-} pode ser interpretado como o núcleo superior, V1. O segundo prefixo de mudança de valência investigado é o intransitivizador . Tal morfema foi identificado com verbos que têm uma contraparte transitiva sem o morfema , com valor anticausativo e reflexivo, e verbos que não contam com correspondente transitivo (prefixo inerente), com propriedades de voz média. Por fim, analisamos construções em que o auxiliar {-mãNã} mandar, pedir, fazer toma como complemento um radical verbal transitivo ou intransitivo, inserindo um agente ou causa à sentença. De uma perspectiva tipológica, as sentenças com o auxiliar podem ser analisadas como causativas analíticas e as sentenças com o morfema causativo/transitivizador como causativas sintéticas.This study investigates the segmental phonology and verbal morpho-syntax, particularly, the argument structure and valency of the verbs in Wayoro language. We aim to provide a study of these areas of the grammar of the language based on original data and subtle theoretical models to explain it. In phonology, the contrastive pairs identified show the following consonantal inventory: stops /p t tS k g kw gw/, nasals /m n N Nw/, fricative /B/ and tap /|/. The nasal consonants are post-oralized when followed by oral vowels. The vocalic phonemes /i È o E a/ show contrast in nasality and length. We describe the phonological and morphophonological processes in the data, namely, lenition, voicing, neutralization and nasal assimilation. Regarding verbal morpho-syntax, initially, we presented the characteristic or exclusive morphemes of the verbal category. The distribution of personal morphemes in Wayoro is related to the verbal valency: the absolutive personal prefixes function as transitive object and intransitive subject, whereas free personal morphemes (ergative) function as transitive subject. The verbs consist of a root, followed by a verbalizer morpheme and the thematic vowel . After the thematic vowel, verbs can receive temporal markers. We examined the internal morphology and valency of about 100 Wayoro verbs. The verbalizers occur with transitive and intransitive verbs, and therefore, are not associated with a single argument structure. Verbs may be pluralized by replacement of verbalizers by the suffix {- kw}, root reduplication and suppletion operations that pluralize the event (and not necessarily the arguments). The valency-changing morphemes are prefixes and select a specific argument structure. The prefix {mõ-~õ-} causative/transitivizer is only used with intransitive verbs, turning them transitive ones. According to Hale & Keyser (2002), intransitive verbs that allow simple (or automatic) transitivization are verbal heads that project both a complement and a specifier and can be taken as complement of an upper verbal head (V1), so that the specifier functions as subject in the intransitive sentences and as object in the transitive alternant. Tests with the causative/transitivizer prefix show that {mõ-~õ-} can be analyzed as the upper head, V1. The second valency-changing prefix investigated is the intransitivizer. This morpheme has been identified in verbs which have a transitive counterpart, without prefix, with anticausative and reflexive effects, and verbs that do not have corresponding transitive ( prefix inherent) with properties of the middle voice. Finally, we analyzed constructions in which the auxiliar {-mãNã} to order, to ask, to make takes transitive and intransitive verbs as complement and adds an agent or cause. From a typological point of view, constructions with that auxiliar may be analyzed as analytic causatives and constructions with the causative/transitivizer prefix as synthetic causatives.
10
Pascoe, Michelle. "Segmental phonology and Black South African English speakers : communicative success with standard dialect listeners." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26323.
Full textAbstract:
The study investigated the nature of the listener confusion which occurs when Black South African English (BSAE) speakers communicate a list of common English words to speakers of standard South African (StdSAE) English. BSAE and StdSAE subjects were grouped into 10 dyads. BSAE subjects read 120 monosyllabic English words to StdSAE subjects. Written data of StdSAE subjects were analysed to determine patterns of success and failure in the communication of single word items by BSAE subjects. Specific difficulties with vowels, dipthongs and consonants are discussed in terms of their effect on intelligibility. Findings are evaluated in the light of previous research, and in terms of Flege's Speech Learning Model (1987, 1991, 1995). It is suggested that all segmental features of BSAE relate to two distinct levels: a functional (meaning) level and an aesthetic level. This study focussed on the functional level, and aimed to describe the segmental features of BSAE speech which affect meaning. Such a distinction has particular relevance for speech and language therapists who need to have a clear rationale for their work with BSAE-speaking clients. Clinical implications specific to this emerging client group within South Africa are discussed.
11
Atechi, Samuel Ngwa. "The intelligibility of native and non-native English speech: A comparative analysis of Cameroon English and American and British English." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200400880.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work is to measure the degree of intelligibility of native and non-native English speech as well as analyse the major sources of intelligibility failure when speakers of these varieties of English interact. British and American English (henceforth BrE and AmE) and Cameroon English (hereafter CamE) are used as a case study with focus on segmental and supra segmental features. The study was motivated by a number of concerns, several of which are more prominent: First, it was motivated by the trepidation scholars like Gimson (1965, 1980); Prator (1968); etc. nursed that the unprecedented spread of English across the globe and the emergence of non-native varieties would cause English to disintegrate into mutually unintelligible languages, in the way Romance languages devolved from their Latin ancestor. The second motivation was that previous researchers (Bansal 1969, Tiffen 1974) on intelligibility have often concentrated their efforts on the traditional approach, which sees intelligibility from a one-sided perspective. To them, the non-native varieties of English are deficient and not different varieties from the native varieties. They were seen as substandard, incorrect, and unintelligible and thus needed remediation at all costs. The native varieties were seen as prestigious, correct, intelligible and the sole norm that must be emulated by non-native English speakers. In this way any interaction between a native speaker and a non-native speaker should be characterised by the non-native speaker making all the efforts to be understood as well as to understand the native English-speaking partner. This explains in large part why these researchers concentrated on measuring the intelligibility of non-native speech to native speakers and never vice versa. It was as if it was treasonable to measure the intelligibility of native speech to non-native speakers. Even if some researchers managed to do this, the comments that followed such data still showed that the aim was not to test the intelligibility of native speakers but to find out how efficient the non-native speakers were in understanding the native speaker. Another aim could also be to reinforce the teaching of the native norm, which was seen as correct against non-native features, which were seen as incorrect, to measuring intelligibility. While accepting that these studies reflected the conventional wisdom of the time, this study aims to move the debate forward by looking at intelligibility from a two-sided perspective. It sees communication between speakers of different varieties as a game of give and take, where both participants tune in to make the process successful rather than one participant being obliged to make all the efforts because s/he speaks a new English variety. That explains why we are testing not only the intelligibility of non-native speakers to native speakers but also native speakers to non-native speakersGegenstand der vorgelegten Promotionsarbeit ist die Untersuchung der gegenseitigen Verständlichkeit von muttersprachlichem und nicht-muttersprachlichem Englisch. Im besonderen werden die Hauptquellen und Ursachen des Scheiterns von Verständlichkeit in einer empirischen Studie bestimmt, klassifiziert und analysiert. Die Untersuchung wird exemplarisch anhand des Kamerunischen Englisch einerseits und des Britischen und Amerikanischen Englisch anderseits vorgenommen. Motiviert ist diese Arbeit vor allem durch folgende Punkte. Erstens bedarf es der Auseinandersetzung mit den durch eine Reihe von Autoren geäußerten Befürchtungen (z.B. Gimson 1965, 1980 und Prator 1968), daß die Herausbildung und Entwicklung neuer Varianten des Englischen letztlich zu einer Auflösung des Englischen in gegenseitig nicht mehr verständliche Sprachen führt, ein Prozeß, wie er sich historisch bei der Entstehung der romanischen Sprachen aus dem Lateinischen vollzog. Derartige Befürchtungen werden genährt durch die bisher ohnegleichen fortschreitende Verbreitung des Englischen über den gesamten Globus. Hier ergibt sich die dringende Notwendigkeit vergleichender Studien zur gegenseitigen Verständlichkeit zwischen den bestehenden Varianten. Zweitens folgen die meisten zu diesem Thema vorliegenden Untersuchungen im wesentlichen einer traditionellen, überkommenen Grundperspektive: die nicht-muttersprachlichen Varianten des Englischen werden als abweichend bzw. sogar defizitär aus Sicht der muttersprachlichen betrachtet, nicht aber als eigenständige Sprachformen (z.B. Bansal 1969; Tiffen 1974). Dies führt nach Auffassung des Autors zu einer einseitigen Betrachtung und Bewertung. Im besonderen wird in der sprachlichen Interaktion bei einem solchen Zugang die Last zu verstehen und für den Kommunikationspartner verständlich zu sein einseitig dem nicht-muttersprachlichen Sprecher übertragen. Auf diesem Hintergrund untersuchen die vorliegenden Studien anderer Autoren primär die Verständlichkeit nicht-muttersprachlicher Sprachformen für den muttersprachlichen Sprecher, nicht jedoch die umgekehrte Konstellation. Wenn die umgekehrte Perspektive überhaupt berücksichtigt wird, so zeigen die Kommentare, daß nicht die Verständlichkeit muttersprachlicher Sprecher für den Nichtmuttersprachler eigentliches Ziel und Gegenstand der Untersuchung war, sondern vielmehr die Frage, wie effizient sich Nichtmuttersprachler beim Verstehen muttersprachlicher Äußerungen zeigten. Des weiteren stehen diese Studien oft im Kontext des Bestrebens, im institutionalisierten Spracherwerb die muttersprachlichen Normen gegen die nicht-muttersprachlichen Merkmale durchzusetzen, die als nicht korrekt angesehen werden. Diese Positionen, der zugrundeliegende Zugang und die einseitige Ausrichtung bedürfen einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung
12
Brown, Cynthia A. 1967. "Acquisition of segmental structure : consequences for speech perception and second language acquisition." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34704.
Full textAbstract:
Through an investigation of the acquisition of feature geometric representations in first and second language acquisition, this dissertation demonstrates how the Feature Geometry theory contained in Universal Grammar actively guides and constrains the acquisition of segmental representations by children. In addition, it demonstrates how the mature feature geometry in a speaker's mental grammar restricts the range of nonnative phonemic contrasts that he or she will be sensitive to in the input and, hence, able to acquire as an L2 learner.Three related areas of research are explored and integrated in this work: first, a theoretical study explores the feature-geometric representation of sonorant and non-sonorant laterals, based on their behavior in a variety of phonological processes cross-linguistically, and suggests that [lateral] is not a phonological feature, but rather that laterality is a phonetic property that derives from a specific feature-geometric representation; second, an experimental study investigates the acquisition of phonemic contrasts by English children and demonstrates that segmental representations are acquired in a uniform order that is consistent with properties of Feature Geometry; finally, a series of experimental studies examines the perception and acquisition of the English /l-r/, /b-v/, /p-f/, /f-v/ and /s-theta/ contrasts by native speakers of Japanese, Mandarin Chinese and Korean.
The findings from each of these studies are synthesized to obtain a comprehensive picture of how segmental representations are acquired and how this L1 knowledge impinges on the acquisition of L2 phonemes: it is argued that the monotonic acquisition of feature-geometric structure by young children restricts their sensitivity to particular non-native contrasts, and the continued operation of this existing feature geometry in adult speech perception constrains which non-native contrasts adult learners will be sensitive to in the L2 input and, therefore, capable of acquiring; the circumstances in which the native grammar facilitates perception of non-native contrasts and in which acquisition is possible are also discussed.
13
Tserdanelis, Georgios. "The role of segmental sandhi in the parsing of speech evidence from Greek /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1104430793.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 124 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-124).
14
Leal, Eneida de Goes. "Elisão silábica e haplologia: aspectos fonológicos do falar da cidade paulista de Capivari." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-31072007-153548/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação trata da queda de sílaba em limite de palavra no falar da cidade paulista de Capivari, observando-se em quais contextos esse processo fonológico pode ocorrer e em quais nunca ocorre. Para realizar essa análise, são considerados três níveis fonológicos, quais sejam: segmental, prosódico e métrico. A queda de sílaba é tratada como dois tipos distintos de redução fonológica: na elisão silábica, há dessemelhança entre as consoantes das sílabas envolvidas; com relação à haplologia, as consoantes das sílabas são iguais ou semelhantes ? a diferença entre elas está apenas no traço [sonoridade]. Pôde-se constatar, pela análise de contextos segmentais, que tanto a elisão silábica quanto a haplologia são processos regidos pelas mesmas regras, uma vez que ambos os processos se dão no mesmo ponto de consoante para que possa haver efetiva queda de sílaba. E, da mesma forma, esses processos fonológicos podem ocorrer em qualquer nível da hierarquia prosódica. Isso evidencia que a elisão silábica e a haplologia são de fato o mesmo processo fonológico. Finalmente, a análise métrica aponta as mesmas propriedades para a elisão silábica e para a haplologia no que diz respeito ao uso desses processos para otimizações rítmicasThis work deals with syllable deletion in word boundary in Capivari speech, a city from the countryside of São Paulo state. It was checked in which contexts this phonological process can occur and in which it can never occur. To fulfill this analysis three phonological levels were considered: segmental, prosodic and metrical. Syllable deletion is dealt as two distinct types of phonological reduction: in syllable drop, the syllable\'s consonants are distinct from each other; in haplology, the consonants are equal or alike - the difference between them is only the feature [sonority]. By the analysis of segmental contexts, it has been proved that both syllable drop and haplology are types of processes which are governed by the same rules, for both of them must have the same consonant place node, so that there can be in fact syllable deletion. In the same way, both the phonological processes may occur in any prosodic level from which it is evident that syllable drop and haplology are actually the same phonological process. To verify if both the processes are rhythmically used in the same way it has been pointed out by metrical analysis that syllable drop and haplology present the same properties as regards to optmization
15
Narin, Matilda. "Phonological features of Yazghulami : A field study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131719.
Full textAbstract:
Yazghulami is a South-East Iranian language spoken in the Pamir area of Tajikistan by about 9000 people. This study gives an account of the phonology of the language by describing contrastive segments and their distribution and realizations, as well as describing suprasegmental features such as syllable structure and stress patterns. Field research was carried out in a community of Yazghulami speakers in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, by recording, transcribing and annotating spoken language. Yazghulami is analyzed as having 8 vowel phonemes of which one pair contrasts in length, and 36 consonant phonemes with a considerable display of palatal, velar and uvular phonemes, of which a set of three labialized plosives and three labialized fricatives is found. The syllable structure of Yazghulami allows for clusters of no more than two consonants in the onset and two in the coda; clusters in both positions do not occur in one and the same syllable. The stress generally falls on the last syllable of a word, although when nouns are inflected with suffixes, the stress instead falls on the last syllable of the stem. With these results, a foundation for further efforts to develop and increase the status of this endangered language is laid.Yazghulami är ett sydöst-iranskt språk som talas i Pamirområdet i Tadzjikistan av cirka 9000 personer. Studien redogör för språkets fonologi genom beskrivning av dess kontrastiva segment och hur dessa distribueras och realiseras, samt en beskrivning av dess suprasegmentella drag så som stavelsestruktur och betoningsmönster. Fältstudier bedrevs bland yazghulami-talare i Dusjanbe, Tadzjikistans huvudstad, genom inspelning, transkribering och annotering av talat språk. Analysen visar på att yazghulami har 8 vokalfonem, där ett par kontrasterar i längd, och 36 konsonantfonem med en nämnvärd uppsättning av palatala, velara och uvulara fonem, varav ett set med tre labialiserade klusiler och tre labialiserade frikativor. Stavelsestrukturen i yazghulami tillåter kluster med upp till två konsonanter i ansatsen och två i kodan, men kluster förekommer inte i båda positioner inom en och samma stavelse. Betoningen faller generellt på den sista stavelsen av ett ord, men för substantiv böjda med suffix faller betoningen istället på den sista stavelsen i stammen. Dessa resultat kommer ligga till grund för vidare arbete med att utveckla och öka statusen av detta hotade språk.
16
Chevrier, Natacha. "Analyse de la phonologie du bribri (chibcha) dans une perspective typologique : nasalité et géminée modulée." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2033/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le bribri est une langue chibcha parlée au Costa Rica (Amérique Centrale). Les langues chibcha représentent la principale famille de l’Aire Intermédiaire (Constenla 1991), qui relie la Mesoamérique aux zones amazonienne et andine. Ce sont cependant toutes des langues en danger, encore relativement peu décrites.Cette thèse est une analyse de la phonologie du bribri (Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004), problématisée autour de ses caractéristiques typologiques :(i) Le système nasal : le bribri fait partie des rares langues du monde dans lesquelles la nasalité n’est pas distinctive pour les consonnes. Les consonnes nasales présentes dans l’output sont le résultat d’harmonies nasales (Cohn 1993 ; Walker 1998, 2001) et d’hypervoisement par abaissement du voile du palais (Iverson & Salmons 1996 ; Solé 2009). Alors que le premier processus avait en partie été décrit pour le bribri (Wilson 1970 ; Constenla 1982, 1985 ; Tohsaku 1987), le second n’avait pas encore été identifié.(ii) La consonne /tk/ : une unité distinctive, combinant deux lieux, sans pour autant être une consonne doublement articulée, contrairement à ce qui avait précédemment été décrit (Lehmann 1920 ; Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004). Je propose de l’analyser comme une géminée modulée (contour segment, Sagey 1990).La présente étude s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux qui considèrent que les structures phonologiques doivent être expliquées par des contraintes phonétiques, comme les travaux précurseurs d’Ohala (1975, 1981, 1983). J’utilise plus particulièrement le modèle de la Phonologie Articulatoire (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). Les analyses s’appuient sur des données acoustiques, récoltées dans deux communautés bribri entre 2012 et 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma et Amubre).En plus d’une démarche typologique et phonétique, j’adopte une approche dialectale et diachronique, afin de mieux appréhender le système phonologique de la langueBribri is a Chibchan language spoken in Costa Rica (Central America). Chibchan languages form the main family of the Intermediate Area (Constenla 1991), which links Mesoamerica to the Amazonian and the Andean regions. All of them are endangered and are still under described.This dissertation provides an analysis of Bribri phonology (Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004) problematized according to its typological characteristics:(i) The nasal system: Bribri is among the few languages in the world to lack distinctive nasal consonants. The nasal consonants present in the output result from nasal harmony (Cohn 1993; Walker 1998, 2001) and hypervoicing through velopharyngeal opening (Iverson & Salmons 1996; Solé 2009). While the first process has been partially described for Bribri (Wilson 1970; Constenla 1982, 1985; Tohsaku 1987), the second has not been individuated in the language.(ii) The consonant /tk/: the consonant /tk/ is a distinctive unit which combines two places of articulation. Contrary to what has been previously described (Lehmann 1920; Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004), it is not a doubly articulated consonant. I propose to analyse it as a contour geminate consonant (based on the concept of contour segment, Sagey 1990).Following Ohala’s pioneering work (1975, 1981, 1983), this work is based on the assumption that phonological structures must be explained by phonetic constraints. More specifically, I use the Articulatory Phonology frame (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). The analysis is based on acoustic data collected among two Bribri communities, between 2012 and 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma and Amubre).Along the typological and phonetic approach, I have adopted a dialectal and diachronical point of view to better capture the phonological system of the language
17
Djongakodi, Yoto Joseph. "Phonologie segmentale et phonologie syllabique du tetela: une approche paramétrique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212497.
Full text
18
Xavier, Andre Nogueira. "Descrição fonético-fonológica dos sinais da língua de sinais brasileira (LIBRAS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-18122007-135347/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho objetivou dar um primeiro passo em direção a uma descrição das unidades do nível fonético-fonológico da língua de sinais brasileira (libras). Para isso, ele se baseou no modelo de análise sublexical proposto por Liddell (1984) e desenvolvido por Liddell & Johnson (2000 [1989]), segundo o qual, os sinais das línguas sinalizadas, semelhantemente às palavras das línguas faladas, são consituídos por segmentos. Além de oferecer uma análise segmental dos sinais, capaz de capturar os contrastes seqüenciais também possíveis nessas línguas, esse modelo apresenta uma descrição bastante detalhada dos traços que caracterizam cada um de seus segmentos. Por conta disso, neste trabalho, foi possível não apenas levantar alguns traços articulatórios que têm valor distintivo na fonologia da libras, mas também esboçar uma análise segmental para alguns de seus itens lexicais.This research aimed at doing a first description of the phonetic-phonological units of Brazilian Sign Language (libras). To do so, I assumed Liddell & Johnson (2000 [1989])\'s proposal, according to which signed languages\' lexical items are structured by segments, in the same way as spoken languages\' words. This model not only offers a segmental analysis for the signs, but also makes possible a detailed description of their articulatory features. For that reason, in this research, it was possible to identify some libras\'s features used to distinguish signs, as well as outline a segmental analysis to some of its lexical items.
19
Embanga, Aborobongui Georges Martial. "Processus segmentaux et tonals en Mbondzi - (variété de la langue embosi C25) -." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064356.
Full textAbstract:
Le Mbondzi connait de nombreux processus phonologiques. Dans cette thèse nous montrons quecertains d'entre eux sont liés à son système d'accord de classes qui joue un rôle important dans laformation des mots, tandis que d'autres résultent de l'assimilation de traits par les segmentsconcernés. Nous montrons aussi que certains processus phonologiques en nourrissent d'autres àl'instar de : la chute historique d'occlusives orales en position C2 de racine qui donne lieu à unelongueur vocalique provenant de la juxtaposition de deux noyaux, l'allongement compensatoirequi dépend en partie de la dissimilation consonantique des préfixes ou des morphèmes d'accord etde l'élision à la jonction entre deux mots, les règles tonales qui sont directement liées à la perted'une more à la suite d'élision ou de formation de glides. Concernant la relation entre tonslexicaux et tons intonationels, notre point de vue est que les derniers se superposent auxpremiers. Par ailleurs, Nous présentons une étude des relatives, qui ont une constructionpossessive en Mbondzi. Nous montrons, entre autres, qu'elles sont introduites par des préfixesd'accord de type /CV/ dont le contenu segmental est déterminé par le préfixe nominal du nomprécédent et qu'elles diffèrent selon que leur verbe est à l'inaccompli ou non. Enfin, nous étudionsles différents types de questions partielles et leur construction, qui impliquent, entre autres, lespronoms interrogatifs "nda" (pour les humains) et "nde" (pour les non humains), des morphèmesd'accords interrogatifs déterminés par le préfixe nominal du sujet (pour les questions partiellessur le sujet) ou de l'objet (pour les questions partielles sur l'objet direct ou indirect), des adverbespour les questions circonstancielles de manière et, des expressions interrogatives pour lesquestions partielles temporelles.
20
Spring, Cari. "Marshallese Single Segment Reduplication." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227253.
Full text
21
Lin, Yen-Hwei. "Nasal Segments in Taiwanese Secret Languages." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227232.
Full textAbstract:
Language games have fascinated linguists in that they can provide unusual insight into the grammars of languages. The evidence provided by the study of a language game has usually been used by linguists to argue for certain phonological and morphological analysis of the source language. Recent studies of the mechanism that derives language games also discuss broader theoretical issues like the nature of this mechanism, its reflection of internal structure of the syllable and morpheme, its relationship with the morphological and phonological processes in natural languages, and the proper phonological and prosodic representations in describing the formation of language games (e.g., McCarthy 1981, 1982; Yip 1982 ). Chinese secret languages are language games spoken by children, thieves, or fortune tellers. They are also called Fanqie languages because their formation follows the traditional Chinese Fanqie principle which divides a syllable into an Initial and a Final. (1) gives some examples illustrating this traditional division of syllables . (1) Initials and Finals in Chinese (Tones are omitted): a. /ma/; Initials: /m/; Finals: /a/ b. /kuai/ [kway]; Initials: /k/; Finals: /uai/ [way] c. /pan/; Initials: /p/; Finals: /an/ d. /tuan/ [twan]; Initials: /t/; Finals: /uan/ [wan] e. /uan/ [wan]; Initials: none; Finals: /uan/ [wan]. Within a syllable the first consonant is the Initial, what remains is the Final. (1) e. is an example of the "zero Initial" syllable. Chao (1931) describes eight varieties of Chinese secret languages in terms of this traditional view on the Chinese syllable. In these languages each syllable is typically split into two syllables with the addition of a fixed Initial and /or a Final. For example, one of the Mandarin secret languages derives [may ka] from the base word /ma/, the fixed Initial /k/, and the fixed Final /ay /. Departing from this traditional view, Yip (1982) proposes to treat the formation of these secret languages as instances of reduplication within the framework of CV phonology (McCarthy 1979, Clements & Keyser 1983). In this paper I examine the behavior of nasal segments in Taiwanese secret languages described by Li (1985) in the hope of revealing the relationship between the phonological structure of the source language and that of the secret languages, and throwing some light on the understanding of the formal mechanism and principles employed by Chinese secret languages. I follow Yip in treating the formation of Chinese secret languages as reduplication,3 and assume an autosegmental model of phonology that incorporates underspecification (e.g. Archangeli & Pulleyblank 1986) and feature geometry (e.g. Clements 1985a; Sagey 1986). In Section 1, an introduction of three types of Taiwanese secret languages is given. Section 2 shows that the spreading of nasality of the nasalized vowels throughout the whole reduplicated domain in the secret language argues for the existence of a floating nasal feature in Taiwanese and the treatment of this domain as a basic morphological word. The behavior of the syllable final consonants in these Taiwanese secret languages presented in Section 3 calls for an assimilatory treatment rather than the dissimilatory one proposed by Yip (1982). Section 4 discusses some theoretical implications with respect to the theory of reduplication in analyzing the syllabic nasals in Taiwanese secret languages. Finally, a conclusion summaries the preceding sections.
22
Teil-Dautrey, Gisèle. "Lexiques proto-bantous : étude des cooccurrences segmentales et supra-segmentales." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/teil-dautrey_g.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour objet d'étude les lexiques proto-bantous reconstruits par Meeussen et Guthrie. L'objectif est de définir la structure phonologique des unités lexicales à travers la fréquence des cooccurrences segmentales et supra-segmentales reconstruites. Une fois les tendances générales et les contraintes phonotactiques décrites, des problématiques sont abordées à propos des reconstructions segmentales et des processus d'assimilation et de dissimilation. Les contraintes révélées entre tons et consonne initiale indiquent que la fréquence de la bilabiale voisée *b avec le ton H supporterait une analyse en termes de consonne implosive plutôt qu'explosive. Le déséquilibre entre la consonne vélaire *g et les tons, et ses similarités avec la palatale *y signalent que cette consonne *g était dans une dynamique d'amui͏̈ssement à l'époque proto-bantoue et que le ton haut a favorisé cet amui͏̈ssement. La palatale voisée représenterait plusieurs entités : un segment palatal à part entière (fricatif ou affriqué) et une deuxième entité regroupant des étymons à initiale vocalique, des étymons à initiale vélaire et des étymons ayant intégré un élément préfixal. Les contraintes entre segments à distance ont montré que l'harmonie vocalique n'avait pas été reconstruite de façon régulière en proto-bantou. Les thèmes nominaux évoquent un processus non abouti et pas totalement en écho avec les règles décrites pour les langues actuelles. Le lien de dépendance qui émerge des cooccurrences consonantiques tend vers une différenciation des lieux d'articulation et une harmonisation du voisement et de la nasalité. Ces contraintes ont certainement motivé le processus de dissimilation qu'est la règle de Dahl, en venant combler des distributions non reconstruites en proto-bantouThis PhD focuses on the proto-Bantu lexicons that were reconstructed by Meeussen & Guthrie. It aims to define the phonological structure of the lexical units on the basis of the frequencies of the reconstructed segmental and supra-segmental co-occurrences. Once the general tendencies and phonotactic constraints are described, various questions are addressed regarding the segmental reconstructions and the processes of assimilation and dissimilation. The emphasized constraints between tones and initial consonant indicate that the frequency of co-occurrence of the bilabial voiced consonant *b with tone H rather supports an analysis in terms of implosive rather than explosive consonant. The imbalance between the velar consonant *g and tones, as well as its similarities with the palatal consonant *y both suggest that this consonant *g was experiencing a process of weakening during the Proto-Bantu period; this process was partly favoured by the high tone. The voiced palatal consonant would in fact represent several entities: a fully palatal segment (fricative or affricate) and a second entity gathering together i) etymons with a vowel in initial position, ii) etymons with a velar initial consonant and iii) etymons having integrated a prefixed element. The constraints between distant segments have shown that vowel harmony had not been reconstructed in a regular way in Proto-Bantu. The nominal themes seem to undergo an unfinished process and do not apparently echoe the rules applied to modern languages. A relation of dependency emerges from co-occurrences of consonants and leads to a differenciation of the places of articulation and a levelling of voicing. The process of dissimilation also known as Dahl's rule was likely induced by the former constraints
23
CUNHA, Karina Miranda Machado Borges. "A estrutura silábica na língua brasileira de sinais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2409.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:19:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao Karina M M B Cunha.pdf: 3688119 bytes, checksum: 92c6ec64d5db3864f3d85e54abb7029b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-06-10This dissertation comprehends a review about the syllable in the Brazilian Sign Language Libras, yet a linguistic descriptive perspective. The purpose of this research is analyzing the organization of the phonological segments of Libras in syllables. It also intends to establish the criteria to identify the syllable in Libras and discuss about the morphophonological aspects of this unit. Fluent deaf adults, who act as Libras teachers at the Secretaria da Educação do Estado de Goiás, participated at the research with questionnaires and video recording. The data collect had two steps. In the first stage, the deaf people signed in Libras referents presented in cards with figures of different semantic fields. In the second stage, the deaf people elaborated sentences that characterized or defined the referents presented in the figures. The found results after the data analyze were: i) the syllable in Libras is the movement, which is the dynamic segment in the sign; ii) movement is the most visible segment during the signaling, so it is also considered as the syllable core; iii) the analyzed movements as syllable are: path movement, internal movement, secondary movements and transition movement; iv) the criteria used to identify the syllable are the movement analysis in the sign and the observation of the hand configuration during the signaling; and, v) there is only a change of the syllable when there is a change at the hand configuration, due to the movement. The research contribution to the linguistic area is a descriptive study of Libras itself, especially about the phonological organization. And the contribution to the education is to provide teachers, interpreters, instructors of Libras and school managers a descriptive study of Libras, because it is essential in the preparation of teaching materials.
Esta dissertação compreende um estudo acerca da sílaba na língua brasileira de sinais libras, sob uma perspectiva da linguística descritiva. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a organização dos segmentos fonológicos da libras em termos de sílabas. Pretende-se também estabelecer os critérios para a identificação da sílaba na libras e discutir sobre os aspectos morfofonológicos dessa unidade. Surdos adultos fluentes, que atuam como professores da libras na Secretaria da Educação do Estado de Goiás, participaram da pesquisa através de questionários e de filmagens de enunciados em libras. Houve duas etapas de coleta de dados. Na primeira etapa, os sinalizantes elaboraram sinais sobre referentes apresentados em cartões com figuras de diferentes campos semânticos. Na segunda, os sinalizantes elaboraram frases que caracterizavam ou definiam os referentes apresentados nas respectivas figuras. Os resultados encontrados após a análise dos dados foram: i) a sílaba na libras é o movimento, que é o segmento dinâmico no sinal; ii) movimento é o segmento que mais se destaca na sinalização, por isso também é considerado o núcleo da sílaba; iii) os movimentos analisados como sílaba são os movimentos de direção, interno, secundários e de transição; iv) os critérios utilizados para a identificação da sílaba são a análise do movimento no sinal e a observação da configuração de mão no decorrer do sinal; e, v) só há mudança de sílaba quando há mudança na configuração de mão, em decorrência de um movimento. A contribuição desta pesquisa para a área da linguística é o próprio estudo descritivo da libras, em especial sobre sua organização fonológica. E, para a área da educação, a contribuição consiste em proporcionar aos professores, intérpretes, instrutores de libras e gestores escolares um estudo descritivo da língua brasileira de sinais, que é fundamental na preparação de materiais didáticos.
24
Capliez, Marc. "Acquisition and learning of English phonology by French speakers : on the roles of segments and suprasegments." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30011/document.
Full textAbstract:
De plus en plus de chercheurs s'accordent à dire que la prosodie a un rôle crucial dans la communication, la compréhensibilité du discours et la détection d'un accent étranger. L'apprentissage et l'enseignement de l'anglais langue étrangère bénéficieraient ainsi à mettre au premier plan les traits suprasegmentaux, ou prosodiques (accent, rythme et intonation), plutôt que les traits segmentaux (consonnes et voyelles) comme le font beaucoup d'enseignants, d'autant que les erreurs prosodiques ont souvent un effet plus néfaste que les erreurs segmentales. Cette thèse de doctorat part de l'hypothèse que les francophones apprenant l'anglais pourraient davantage améliorer leurs capacités à l'oral (production et perception) si on leur enseignait avant tout les caractéristiques prosodiques de la langue cible, plutôt que de mettre en avant les segments. Notre étude expérimentale compare ainsi l'impact d'une approche « prosodique » avec l'impact d'une approche « segmentale » sur des apprenants français non-débutants. Bien que les deux méthodes d'enseignement aient permis aux participants de s'améliorer en production et perception L2, en comparaison avec un groupe de contrôle n'ayant pas reçu de cours, aucune des deux méthodes ne leur a permis d'améliorer leurs capacités à l'oral davantage que l'autre, ce qui montre l'importance tout aussi forte d'inclure les aspects segmentaux que suprasegmentaux dans l'enseignement de l'anglais langue étrangèreResearchers increasingly highlight the crucial role of prosody in communication, speech comprehensibility, and the detection of a foreign accent. Thus, the learning and teaching of English as a foreign language would benefit from prioritising the suprasegmental, or prosodic, features (i.e., stress, rhythm, and intonation), rather than the segmental features (i.e., consonants and vowels) as many teachers tend to do, all the more so as prosodic errors often have a more detrimental effect than segmental errors. The present doctoral thesis starts from the hypothesis that French-speaking learners of English could improve their oral skills (production and perception) more if they were primarily taught the prosodic characteristics of the target language, rather than putting the segments in the foreground. Our experimental study compares the impact of a “prosody-based” teaching approach with that of a “segment-based” approach on non-beginner French learners of English. Although the two teaching methods enabled the participants to improve their L2 production and perception skills, compared with a non-treated control group, neither of the two methods enabled them to improve their oral skills more than the other, suggesting that it is important to include segmental and suprasegmental aspects alike in the teaching of English as a foreign language
25
Labrune, Laurence. "Le statut phonologique de /r/ en japonais et en coréen : histoire, typologie, structure interne des segments." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070006.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail propose une interpretation phonologique des particularites de r en japonais et en coreen. Il etablit que dans ces deux langues, la nautre speciale de ce phoneme s explique par sa structure interne en tant que segment nonarque et sous-specifie. Le cadre theorique retenu est celui de la geometrie des traits et de la sous-specification, mais la perspective est surtout historique, comparative et typologique. La premiere partie presente les caracteristiques phonetiques et phonologiques de r en japonais et s interesse en particulier aux points suivants : - le statut morpho-phonologique et l origine des syllabes en -rv composant de nombreux derives japonais; le rapport entre allongement en r et redoublement. - les causes de l absence de r a l initiale des mots independants d origine japonaise. - la sturcutre interne de r. - le role de r dans la conjugaison des verbes en langue ancienne et moderne. La seconde partie traite des phenomenes phonologiques d alternance, d assimilation et chute de la liquide en coreen, et des interactions de ce phoneme avec la nasale n. Est egalement proposee une comparaison de la structure interne et du statut de r en japonais et en coreenTHIS THESIS PRESENTS A PHONOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PARTICULARITIES OF R IN JAPANESE AND KOREAN. THE THESIS PROPOSES THAT, IN BOTH LANGUAGES, THE SPECIAL STATUS OF R CAN BE UNDERSTOOD IN TERMS OF ITS INTERNAL STRUCTURE AS AN UNMARKED, UNDERSPECIFIED SEGMENT. FEATURE GEOMETRY AND THE UNDER-SPECIFICATION THEORY PROVIDE THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THIS THESIS. HOWEVER, ITS PERSPECTIVE IS ALSO HISORICAL, COMPARATIVE AND TYPOLOGICAL. PART I DISCUSSES THE VARIOUS PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL PARTICULARITIES OF R IN JAPANESE AND FOCUSSES ON THE FOLLOWING: - THE ORIGIN AND MORPHO-PHONOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE -RV SYLLABLES, WHICH APPEAR IN MANY JAPANESE DERIVATIES, AND THE CORRESPONDANCE BETWEEN -RV lengthENING AND REDUPLICATION. - THE ABSENCE OF R AT THE BEGINNING OF JAPANESE NATIVE INDEPENDANT WORDS. - THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF R. - THE ROLE OF R IN THE OLD AND MODERN JAPANESE CONJUGAISON SYSTEM. PART II EXAMINES THE ALTERNATION, ASSIMILATION AND DROPPING PHENOMENA WHICH CHARACTERIZES THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE LIQUID IN LROEAN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH
26
Gao, Jiayin. "Interdependence between Tones, Segments, and Phonation types in Shanghai Chinese : acoustics, articulation, perception, and evolution." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA057.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude porte sur les corrélats phonétiques des registres tonals yin vs. yang du shanghaïen parlé dans la région urbaine de Shanghai. Nos investigations acoustique, articulatoire et perceptive ont montré qu’en dehors du F0, des indices multi-dimensionnels comme le voisement (voisé pour yang et non-voisé pour yin), le pattern de durée (ratio C/V bas pour yang et élevé pour yin), et le type de phonation (soufflé pour yang et modal pour yin) participent tous à la définition du registre tonal. Parmi tous ces indices, nous tâchons de distinguer les traits redondants liés aux effets coarticulatoires de ceux qui sont des survivants de changements diachroniques. En particulier, la voix soufflée qui accompagne les tons yang est un trait anciennement distinctif et aujourd’hui redondant, issu d’une évolution tonale qui est la transphonologization de distinction de voisement vers la distinction de registre tonal, ou « bipartition tonale ». Nous proposons que la perte d’un trait redondant issu d’un changement diachronique peut être très lente si ce trait ne contrarie pas les effets coarticulatoires et/ou si le trait a une fonction perceptive.En nous basant sur les données synchroniques des locuteurs de deux générations (20-30 ans vs. 60-80 ans), nous constatons une tendance vers la disparition de cette phonation soufflée. Nous constatons également une évolution plus avancée chez les femmes que les hommes de leur âge. Dans notre étude, nous essayons d’expliquer ce changement tant par des causes internes que par des causes externesThis study bears on the phonetic correlates of the yin vs. yang tone registers of Shanghai Chinese as spoken in Shanghai urban area. Our acoustic, articulatory, and perceptual investigations showed that beside F0, multidimensional cues, such as voicing (voiced for yang vs. voiceless for yin), duration pattern (low C/V ratio for yang vs. high C/V ratio for yin), and phonation type (breathy for yang vs. modal for yin) enter in the specification of tone register. Among all these cues, we attempt to distinguish the redundant features related to coarticulatory effects from those that are remnants of diachronic changes. In particular, the breathy voice accompanying yang tones, which was a distinctive feature in a previous state of the language and has now become a redundant feature, arose from a tonal evolution, namely the transphonologization of a voicing contrast into a tone register contrast, that is, the “tone split.” We propose that the loss of a redundant arisen from a diachronic change may be very slow if that feature does not oppose to coarticulatory effects and/or if that feature has a perceptual function.Based on the synchronic data from the speakers of two generations (20-30 years vs. 60-80 years), we find a trend toward the loss of this breathy phonation. We also find that this evolution is more advanced in women than men of the same age. In our study, we try to explain this change by internal factors as well as by external factors
27
Nogueira, Milca Veloso. "Aspectos segmentais dos processos de sândi vocálico externo no falar de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-12112007-150159/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação trata dos processos fonológicos de elisão, ditongação e degeminação no falar de São Paulo. Além dos trabalhos clássicos sobre esses processos de sândi vocálico externo, em Português Brasileiro, serão apresentados dados de um experimento feito para este trabalho. De acordo com os dados do corpus desta dissertação, houve preferência pela aplicação da elisão e não da ditongação, nos casos em que ambos os processos eram possíveis. Os números referentes à elisão confirmaram a afirmação de Bisol com relação à aplicação categórica desse processo quando a vogal a ser elidida é [a]. No entanto, houve alta aplicação de elisão de [u], indicando um favorecimento pela elisão e não pela ditongação. Houve ainda algumas ocorrências de elisão de vogal [coronal], quando esta vogal era precedida por uma consoante que partilhava os mesmos traços com ela. Considerando-se os contextos para ditongos crescentes vs ditongos decrescentes, observou-se uma forte preferência pelo ditongo crescente nos dados coletados do dialeto de São Paulo. Finalmente, com relação à posição do contexto de aplicação dos processos, na seqüência de três vogais adjacentes (V1V2V3), observou-se que o contexto V1+V2 favorece a ocorrência de elisão, e não da ditongação. O processo de elisão, no corpus desta dissertação, foi mais aplicado quando a vogal a ser elidida estava na fronteira de grupos clíticos, podendo estar ou na fronteira de sintagmas fonológicos ou dentro de um mesmo sintagma.This dissertation deals with the phonological processes of vowel elision, diphthongation and vowel degemination used by speakers from São Paulo. Besides presenting some classic studies about the so called processes of external sandhi in Brazilian Portuguese, this dissertation will also present new data recorded in order to carry on the analysis. Data showed that vowel elision is more productive than diphthongation in contexts within which both processes were possible to be applied. Besides, they confirmed Bisol\'s hypothesis that there is categorical use of vowel elision when the vowel (to be elided) is [a]. Nevertheless, elision of vowel [u] was also productive, indicating the preference for vowel elision over diphthongation. There were also some occurrences of coronal vowel elision, when this vowel and its preceding consonant shared phonological features. Also, it could be noted a strong preference for rising diphthongs, not for the falling ones, in the data collected in São Paulo. Finally, it was observed that the sequence \"first vowel + second vowel\" - V1+V2 - (in a sequence formed by three adjacent vowels - V1+V2+V3) favors the use of elision over diphthongation. Vowel elision, according to the data collected in order to carry on the analysis presented in this dissertation, was more productive in clitic group boundaries, within the phonological phrase as well as in phonological phrase boundaries.
28
Silveira, Karine Araújo. "Padrões segmentais, lexicais, silábicos, intrasilábicos e inter-silábicos em crianças falantes de pb." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letra e Lingüística da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11639.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-13T14:33:45Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
tese Karine Silveira.pdf: 1277617 bytes, checksum: 3271bf7311ca1d72cad77628386bd290 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T21:09:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Karine Silveira.pdf: 1277617 bytes, checksum: 3271bf7311ca1d72cad77628386bd290 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T21:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Karine Silveira.pdf: 1277617 bytes, checksum: 3271bf7311ca1d72cad77628386bd290 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
O presente trabalho baseia-se, essencialmente, na teoria Moldes/Conteúdo, proposta por Peter MacNeilage e Barbara Davis. O objetivo principal é verificar a freqüência de ocorrência dos padrões segmentais, lexicais, silábicos, intra-silábicos e inter-silábicos em crianças falantes de Português Brasileiro. O corpus é constituído por duas crianças com idade entre 1;0 e 3;0. Para analisar os dados, foram utilizados aplicativos de computador especialmente desenvolvidos para esta pesquisa. Como resultado, verificou-se que palavras compostas por duas sílabas são as preferidas das crianças; consoantes coronais são as mais frequentes, seguidas pelas labiais e as dorsais; vogais centrais são as mais recorrentes na fala infantil, ainda que as anteriores sejam as mais frequentes na linguagem adulta falada e escrita; o padrão silábico mais frequente é o CV, seguido pelo V; Intra silabicamente, os padrões Consoante Coronal + Vogal Anterior e Consoante Labial + Vogal Central são recorrentes; e Inter-silabicamente, no primeiro ano de coleta, os padrões reduplicados Coronal + Coronal, seguido pelo Labial + Labial e Dorsal + Dorsal são mais frequentes que os padrões variegados. Este trabalho é relevante pois pôde contribuir para a constituição de um panorama das estruturas presentes no Português Brasileiro, com base em dados, medidas e procedimentos estatísticos e informatizados.
Salvador
29
Pessoa, Katia Nepomuceno 1980. "Análise fonética e fonológica da língua Krenak e abordagem preliminar de contos Botocudo." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270866.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lucy SekiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pessoa_KatiaNepomuceno_D.pdf: 32464697 bytes, checksum: d889efd1819683032b3b3b0071e3161c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Botocudo é um nome genérico aplicado aos índios que tinham como padrão de cultura o uso de botoques de madeira, auriculares e labiais, prezando por adornos corporais (pulseiras, perneiras, colares e pintura no corpo) (MARCATO, 1979). Esses índios ocupavam as regiões do interior do leste e sudeste brasileiro, vivendo em faixas florestais da Mata Atlântica e Zona da Mata e foi sobre eles que se deu a maior repressão oficial e extraoficial do homem branco contra uma população indígena já registrada no Brasil, o que levou ao desaparecimento de quase todos os membros pertencentes a este grupo. Atualmente, os únicos representantes sobreviventes são os índios Krenak, que habitam a Aldeia Krenak, às margens do rio Doce, entre as cidades de Conselheiro Pena e Resplendor, no Estado de Minas Gerais. A língua Krenak é considerada como uma língua em situação de extremo risco de extinção. Mesmo assim, assumimos que a língua continua viva e que deve, portanto ser descrita, a fim de que possamos contar com estudos cada vez mais recentes e que ofereçam mais informações linguísticas sobre as línguas da família Botocudo/ Krenak Neste trabalho, temos como objetivo principal descrever aspectos fonéticos e fonológicos da língua Krenak. De modo complementar, apresentamos uma descrição da morfossintaxe da língua, segundo Seki (2000, 2001, 2004) e, a partir destes estudos, propomos uma análise preliminar de contos Botocudo, coletados pelo pesquisador russo Heri Herikovich Manizer, em 1915. Os dados de áudio foram coletados por Seki, entre os anos de 1979 e 1981. O estudo fonético revelou características articulatórias das nasais surdas e dos segmentos de contorno (as nasais pré e pós oralizadas) da língua. A descrição fonológica permitiu distinguir vogais orais e nasais, diferentemente do que fora proposto anteriormente no estudo de Silva (1986). As reflexões fonológicas tiveram por base a Geometria dos Traços (Clements e Hume, 1995) e a tipologia proposta por Wetzels (2008), a qual nos permitiu argumentar em favor da existência de uma classe /B/ como subjacente no sistema da língua, mesmo que sua manifestação superficial seja predominantemente realizada por meio da forma bifásica [mb]. Na coda, foi possível identificar a presença de segmentos de contorno parcialmente orais/nasais, os quais ocorrem como uma estratégia da língua para preservar a distinção entre vogais orais x nasais. Estas considerações foram determinantes para a definição do padrão silábico e dos processos fonológicos observáveis na língua. Ainda, o estudo fonológico permitiu verificar características referentes ao acento do Krenak. Ainda, a fim de apresentar uma visão mais ampla da língua, incluímos em nossa discussão um resumo do estudo de Seki acerca das características morfossintáticas da língua Krenak. A partir dos estudos apresentados, passamos para uma apreciação dos contos Botocudo coletados por Manizer em 1915. Estes contos apresentam-se como um material inédito e podem vir a contribuir para a recuperação de aspectos lingüísticos e culturais do grupo Krenak. Veremos que, apesar de ser possível ter uma compreensão geral sobre o funcionamento da língua, existem ainda vários aspectos que precisam ser esclarecidos, como a função de alguns morfemas e partículas. No entanto, estes avanços talvez sejam viáveis apenas por meio de uma nova coleta que conte com a colaboração direta dos falantes atuais
Abstract: Botocudo is a common name applied to the natives who has a cultural pattern used to use wooden, lip and auricular botoques, valuing body adornments (bracelets, necklaces, body painting and others) (MARCATO, 1979). These natives used to occupy the Brazilian east and southeast hinterland, living in forest belts of the Atlantic Forest and Forest Zone and it was over them that there was the greater official and "off the record" white man repression against an indigenous population ever registered in Brazilian records, which led to the disappearance of almost all the members belonging to this group. Nowadays, the only remaing survivors are the Krenak indians who live in the Krenak village, on the banks of Rio Doce, between the cities of Conselheiro Pena and Resplendor, in the state of Minas Gerais. The Krenak language is considered as in extreme extinction risk. Even though, it is assumed that it is still alive and, therefore, it must be described hence we can count on new and recent studies which provide more linguistic data on the Botocudo/Krenak family. In this dissertation, the main goal is to describe phonetic and phonologic aspects of the Krenak language. As a complement, we present a description of the language's morphosyntax, according to Seki (2000, 2001, 2004) and, from these studies, we propose a preliminary analysis of Botocudo tales, collected by the Russian researcher Heri Herikovich Manizer, in 1915. The audio data was collected by Seki, between the years of 1979 and 1981. The phonetic study revealed articulatory characteristics of voiceless nasals and the contour segments (the pre and post oralized nasals) of the language. The phonological description allowed distinguishing oral and nasal vowels, differently from what was posed by Silva (1986). The phonological analysis were based on the Feature Geometry (Clements e Hume, 1995) and the typology on Wetzels (2008), which granted us talking about the existence of a class /B/ as an underlying segment of the language system, even if its superficial manifestation is mostly done through its biphasic form [mb]. In the coda it was possible to identify the presence of contour segments partially oral/nasal, which occur as a language strategy to preserve the distinction between oral and nasal vowels. These considerations were determinant to define the syllabic pattern and the language observable phonological processes. Yet, the phonological study allowed verifying characteristics related to the Krenak accent. In order to present a wider perspective of the language, we included in this work a summarized Seki's study concerning morphossyntatic characteristics of Krenak language. From the present studies, we go for an analysis of the Botocudo tales collected by Manizer in 1915. These tales are presented as an unpublished material and might contribute to the recovery of cultural and linguistic aspects of Krenak. We will see that, besides the possibility of having a general understanding of the language functionality, there are, still, many aspects which must be clarified such as, the function of certain morphemes and particles. However, these improvements may become impossible to happen until its done a new collection relied on the directly contribution of the current speakers
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
30
Liyun, Wang. "Estudi contrastiu de l’estructura sil·làbica del català i del xinès estàndards i de les implicacions segmentals més rellevants per als aprenents sinòfons." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666220.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi Estudi contrastiu de l’estructura sil·làbica del català i del xinès estàndards i de les implicacions segmentals més rellevants per als aprenents sinòfons estudia la pronunciació del català pel que fa als aspectes segmentals i als suprasegmentals relatius a l’estructura sil·làbica per part dels estudiants xinesos que parlen el xinès estàndard (mandarí/putonghuà) com a llengua materna (L1). És el primer treball que no només aborda de manera global els problemes de pronunciació del català que presenten els aprenents sinòfons sinó que també ofereix solucions per millorar l’aprenentatge de la llengua oral catalana. L’interès per l’estudi ha estat suscitat, d’una banda, per l’augment d’alumnes xinesos que venen a estudiar a les universitats catalanes, els quals presenten accents estrangers molt notables, i, de l’altra, per les grans diferències que existeixen entre ambdues llengües, tant a nivell fonètic com a nivell fonològic.
L’estudi es basa en l’anàlisi contrastiva, per la qual cosa es comparen tots els sons del xinès i del català estàndards, les estructures sil·làbiques i la configuració dels diftongs i els triftongs de les dues llengües, així com les regles fonològiques que afecten el català. La comparació global i contrastiva ha permès localitzar les dificultats de pronunciació que normalment afronten els estudiants sinòfons. També s’han tingut en compte els trets de l’anglès i l’espanyol, perquè són les dues llengües que els estudiants xinesos normalment han après abans del català i, per tant, poden interferir, tant positivament com negativament, en les pronunciacions del català.
La investigació s’ha realitzat a partir d’un corpus de 248 paraules respost per 19 informants d’entre 18 i 33 anys que estudien a Barcelona i parlen el xinès estàndard com a L1, l’anglès i l’espanyol com a L2 i L3, i el català i altres llengües com a L4/L5/etc., repartits en tres nivells de coneixement del català: nivell inicial-bàsic,
nivell mitjà i nivell avançat. Les dades obtingudes han permès detectar els errors i les imprecisions que presenten a cada nivell, i agrupar-los en aspectes de prioritat alta (desviacions bàsiques per a la intel·ligibilitat), de prioritat baixa (imprecisions que no afecten la intel·ligibilitat) i d’atenció esporàdica (problemes que indiquen accents estrangers però que no causen problemes d’intel·ligibilitat). Finalment, els resultats han servit per proposar solucions pràctiques per facilitar el procés d’adquisició i de perfeccionament de la pronunciació de la llengua catalana.The thesis Contrastive study of the syllabic structure of Standard Catalan and Standard Chinese and the most important segmental implications for Chinese-speaking students is a study of Catalan pronunciation by Chinese students who speak Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua) as their mother tongue (L1). We have focused on segments difficult to master and suprasegmental aspects related to syllable structure. It is the first work that deals with the problems of Catalan pronunciation faced by Chinese-speaking students and offers suggestions to improve the acquisition of oral Catalan. The interest in this study has been motivated, on the one hand, by the increasing number of Chinese students who come to study in Catalan universities and the remarkable foreign accents that they display, and, on the other, by the great phonetic and phonological differences between Catalan and Chinese. The study, based on the Contrastive Analysis theory, compares all the sounds of Standard Chinese and Catalan, their syllabic structures and vowel glide configuration of both languages, as well as the phonological rules that affect Catalan. The global and contrastive comparison serves to locate the pronouncing difficulties that the Chinese-speaking students normally face when speak Catalan. We have also considered the phonetic features of English and Spanish because they are the two languages Chinese students have normally learned before they start studying Catalan and, therefore, they can interfere, both positively and negatively, in their pronunciation of Catalan. The research has been based on a corpus of 248 words pronounced by 19 informants aged between 18 and 33 who study in Barcelona and speak Standard Chinese as L1, English and Spanish as L2 and L3, and Catalan and other languages as L4/L5/etc. They are divided into three groups according to their Catalan levels: initial-basic, middle, and advanced levels. The data obtained has allowed to detect the errors and inaccuracies that they have presented in each level, and classify them as high priority (great deviations that affect intelligibility), low priority (inaccuracies that do not affect intelligibility) and sporadic attention (foreign accents that do not affect intelligibility). Finally, the results have helped us to propose practical solutions to facilitate the acquisition and improvement of Catalan pronunciation.
31
Damé, Vergília Spiering. "Aquisição da escrita das consoantes plosivas : aspectos acústicos e articulatórios." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/2853.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T19:56:40Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Aquisição da escrita das consoantes plosivas.pdf: 15754948 bytes, checksum: 25c203a9423850b9bbbec75f4fa03c43 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-30T20:25:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Aquisição da escrita das consoantes plosivas.pdf: 15754948 bytes, checksum: 25c203a9423850b9bbbec75f4fa03c43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T20:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Aquisição da escrita das consoantes plosivas.pdf: 15754948 bytes, checksum: 25c203a9423850b9bbbec75f4fa03c43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
O presente estudo visa à observação de trocas ortográficas nos segmentos plosivos, buscando evidenciar até que ponto imprecisões de ordem fonético/fonológica influenciam em sua ocorrência. A partir dos estudos predominantes até o fim da década de 90, a ocorrência de trocas ortográficas é entendida de maneira categórica, decorrente da troca de traços distintivos. No entanto, essas trocas podem ser motivadas por aspectos fonético/fonológicos não necessariamente perceptíveis na fala. Sob este ponto de vista, busca-se evidenciar as trocas presentes nos segmentos plosivos, apontando, a partir da Fonologia Gestual, a influência da aquisição gradiente de parâmetros acústicos e articulatórios na escrita. Para tanto, foi realizada coleta de dados de fala e escrita de 47 sujeitos, matriculados nos 2º, 3º, 4º e 6º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública localizada na cidade de Pelotas. Os instrumentos de coleta desenvolvidos consistem na elaboração de uma narrativa e na nomeação de palavras, a partir de imagens. A seleção das palavras para realização desta atividade levou em conta a distribuição das plosivas em quatro variáveis linguísticas, a saber: tonicidade, estrutura silábica, posição na palavra e ambiente vocálico - /a/, /i/ ou /u/. Na etapa de coleta dos dados de fala, os sujeitos foram instruídos a produzir os estímulos em uma frase veículo: digo “palavra alvo” pra você. A partir dos resultados obtidos nessa etapa, foi realizada, com 2 sujeitos da turma com maior número de trocas, o 3º ano, uma coleta de dados articulatórios, por meio da técnica ultrassonográfica, com a utilização do software Articulate Assistant Advanced (versão 2.16.11), a fim de evidenciar possível influência da magnitude e temporalidade gestual, e correlacionar pistas acústicas e articulatórias. Os dados de escrita foram contabilizados e classificados quanto à ocorrência de trocas de acordo com os contextos analisados. Os dados orais foram submetidos à análise acústica, por meio do software PRAAT (versão 5.3.10) e, assim como os dados escritos, também foram submetidos a uma análise estatística, por meio do SPSS (versão 17.0). Conforme era esperado, o número de erros de escrita nos segmentos plosivos é pouco expressivo e diminui de acordo com o adiantamento escolar dos sujeitos. Foi observado um predomínio de trocas em plosivas sonoras, quando em estrutura CCV, e seguidas das vogais altas. A influência da sílaba tônica e a posição medial mostram-se relevantes na escrita adequada de “t”. As trocas na fala, como também era esperado, não correspondem às verificadas na escrita, entretanto, na análise acústica, verificaram-se diferenças significativas, entre o grupo com e sem trocas, valores destoantes na duração relativa de VOT, em especial para [k], que podem refletir em dificuldades na relação grafo-fônica. Para [k], também foram identificados valores de VOT superiores ao considerado padrão para o português, resultando em proximidade com o valor evidenciado para a dorsal sonora. A análise articulatória parece apontar consonância com os resultados estatísticos obtidos para os dados de escrita, em especial, quanto ao contexto vocálico de [b]. Dessa forma, pistas acústicas e articulatórias parecem revelar influência na ocorrência de trocas ortográficas.
This study aims the observation of ortographic changes in stop segments, trying to establish to what extent honetic/phonologic imprecisions influence their ocurrency. From the predominating studies to the end of the nineties, the ocurrency of ortographic changes is absolutely understood as being result of distinctive features change. Nevertheless, such changes can be motivated by phonetic/phonologic aspects which are not noticeable during speech. From this perspective, this research attempts to verify the changes that are present in stop segments, pointing, from the Gestural Phonology, the influence of gradient acoustic and articulatory parameters acquisition on writing. In this regard, it was performed a speaking and writing data collection with 47 students, enrolled in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th grades of primary school from a public school located in Pelotas. The instruments of collection developed consist in drawing up a narrative and naming words, through the obseravtion of pictures. The selection of words to carrying out this activity took in consideration the distribution of plosive segments in four linguistic variables, they are: tonicity, sillabic structure, position in the word and vocalic environment - /a/, /i/ or /u/. At the data collection stage, the participants were instructed to produce a vehicle statement: I say “target word” to you. From the results which were got in this stage, it was perfomed a collection of articulatory data with two participants from the group with a greater number of exchanges, the 3rd grade, through ultrasonographic techniques, through the Articulate Assistant Advanced software (2.16.11 version), in order to establish possible influence of magnitude and gestual temporality, and relate acoustic and articulatory clues. The writing data was counted and classified according to the ocurrency of agreement changes with the contexts which were analyzed. The oral data was subjected to acoustic analysis, through the PRAAT software (5.3.10 version) and, like the written data, it was subjected to a statistic analysis through the SPSS program (17.0 version). According to what was expected, the number of mistakes when writing plosive segments is few meaningful and it decreases as students progress in their studies. It was noticed a predominance of changes in voiced plosive, when in CCV structure, and followed of high vowels. The influence of stressed syllables and medium position show to be relevant in the accurate writing of “t”. The changes in speaking, like it was also expected, do not correspond to the ones verified in writing. However, in the acoustic analysis meaningful differences were noticed, between the group with and without changes, dissonant numbers in the relative duration of VOT, specially to [k], that can reflect in difficulties in the graphemic and phonetic relationship. For [k], VOT numbers superior to the considered standard in Portuguese were identified, resulting in closeness with the number evidenced to the dorsal sound. The articulatory analysis seems to point consonance with the statistic results which were got to the writing data, specially, concerning the vocalic context of [b]. Therefore, acoustic and articulatory clues seem to reveal influence in the occurrence of ortographic changes.
32
Wilhelm, Stephan. "Innovations segmentales et suprasegmentales dans le NW Yorshire : implications pour l'étude du changement accentuel dans l'anglais des îles britanniques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665606.
Full textAbstract:
Plusieurs changements de nature phonétique et phonologique ont récemment été recensés dans la plupart des variétés de l'anglais britannique contemporain. Au cours des dernières décennies, ce phénomène semble s'être précipité en raison de la mobilité sociale et géographique accrue des locuteurs de ces variétés. À partir d'un corpus oral de plusieurs heures, essentiellement composé d'interactions spontanées entre locuteurs natifs du NW Yorkshire répartis en plusieurs tranches d'âge, on recense et analyse en temps apparent un certain nombre d'innovations segmentales et suprasegmentales affectant un ensemble d'accents associés à une zone déterminée. On aborde les motivations qui se trouvent à l'origine du changement accentuel dans le NW Yorkshire. On s'interroge aussi quant à l'identité des facteurs qui opèrent sur le plan suprasegmental (particulièrement dans les domaines de l'intonation et celui de la qualité de voix) et sur le plan segmental, au niveau phonétique autant que phonologique. On se penche sur la nature et sur le statut de certaines innovations intonatives en cours de diffusion, telles que le recours à des schémas ascendants en fin d'énoncés déclaratifs. On examine enfin la valeur sémantique et/ou pragmatique de ces schémas intonatifs et celle de certains ajustements articulatoires et phonatoires associés à la production orale des adolescents. Tout au long de ce travail, on suggère qu'il convient de prendre en compte simultanément plusieurs dimensions de la variation diachronique et synchronique pour appréhender le changement accentuel. On tente également de dégager quelques applications potentielles de ces observations à d'autres domaines de recherche, ainsi qu'à l'enseignement de l'anglais en tant que langue étrangère.
33
Howe, Darin Mathew. "Oowekyala segmental phonology." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12958.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation treats the sound pattern of Oowekyala, a nearly extinct Wakashan language of British Columbia. Proposed analyses are set in Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993). Following an introduction to the language (its speakers, their location, adjacent languages, etc.) and to the adopted theory, the discussion focuses on three dimensions of Oowekyala phonology: intrasegmental, intersegmental, and correspondence-related. The segment-internal (paradigmatic) phonology results from the interaction between lexical faithfulness and context-free markedness constraints. This interaction is discussed with respect to the various features that cross-classify the segment inventory of Oowekyala. For instance, it is argued that laryngeals are [+sonorant], that affricates are [-continuant], that [+voice] and [+constricted glottis] occur as floating elements and that these floaters may cause lenition (insertion of [+sonorant]), and that gutturals (uvulars and laryngeals) are [-ATR]. Intersegmental (syntagmatic) patterns result from the interaction between lexical faithfulness and context-sensitive markedness constraints. Patterns discussed include: rounding of obstruents, degemination, spirantisation/deocclusivisation, continuancy dissimilation, voicing neutralisation, allophonic vowel lowering and resonant debuccalisation. Exceptional phonological patterns that cannot be explained through the interaction between input-output faithfulness constraints and markedness constraints are addressed last. It is proposed that these exceptional patterns reflect various correspondence relations (cf. McCarthy & Prince1995, 1999 on Correspondence Theory): base-reduplicant correspondence, output-to-output correspondence, and candidate-to-candidate correspondence.
34
"Segmental phonology of Xuzhou Mandarin." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896908.
Full textAbstract:
Peng, Yaya.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-164).
Text in English with some Chinese characters; abstract also in Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
中文摘要 --- p.ii
AKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iv
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- GOAL OF THE THESIS --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THESIS --- p.1
Chapter 1.3 --- Data collection --- p.2
Chapter 1.4 --- Theoretical framework --- p.3
Chapter 1.4.1 --- The architecture of OT --- p.3
Chapter 1.4.2 --- OT in the thesis --- p.5
Chapter 1.5 --- ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS --- p.7
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- PHONEMIC INVENTORIES --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- BACKGROUND OF XUZHOU DIALECT --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Dialectal classification --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Phonetic inventories --- p.9
Chapter 2.2 --- Previous studies on phonemic inventories of Standard Chinese --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Concept of Phoneme --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Apical “vowels´ح --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Palatal consonants --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- PHONEMIC INVENTORY OF XUZHOU VOWELS --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.1 --- High vowels --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Mid vowels --- p.26
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Low vowels --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Apical “vowels´ح --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Nasal vowels --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Summary --- p.37
Chapter 2.4 --- PHONEMIC INVENTORY OF XUZHOU CONSONANTS --- p.39
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Labials --- p.39
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Dentals --- p.40
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Retroflexes --- p.42
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Velars --- p.43
Chapter 2.4.5 --- Palatals --- p.44
Chapter 2.4.6 --- Nasals --- p.49
Chapter 2.4.7 --- Summary --- p.50
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- PHONOTACTICS --- p.52
Chapter 3.1 --- Syllables in Xuzhou --- p.52
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Previous studies on prenuclear glides in Standard Chinese --- p.52
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Prenuclear glides in Xuzhou syllable structure --- p.59
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Onsets and rimes --- p.61
Chapter 3.2 --- Co-occurrences within rimes --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Co-occurrences within rimes without medials --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Co-occurrences within rimes with j-medial --- p.64
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Co-occurrences within rimes with w-medial --- p.65
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Co-occurrences within rimes with u-medial --- p.65
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Generalizations and summary --- p.67
Chapter 3.3 --- Co-occurrences between onsets and rimes --- p.68
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Co-occurrences between labial onsets and rimes --- p.68
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Co-occurrences between dental onsets and rimes --- p.72
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Co-occurrences between retroflex onsets and rimes --- p.77
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Co-occurrences between palatal onsets and rimes --- p.79
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Co-occurrences between velar onsets and rimes --- p.80
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Co-occurrences between onsets and rimes with apical nuclei --- p.81
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Generalizations and summary --- p.82
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- OT ACCOUNT FOR XUZHOU PHONOTACTICS --- p.84
Chapter 4.1 --- OPTIMALITY THEORY --- p.84
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Basic concepts --- p.84
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Comparison with rule-based theories --- p.85
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Comparison with constraint-and-repair theories --- p.87
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Summary --- p.88
Chapter 4.2 --- PREVIOUS STUDIES ON PHONOTACTICS WITHIN A SYLLABLE --- p.89
Chapter 4.3 --- CONSTRAINT INTERACTIONS IN XUZHOU PHONOTACTICS --- p.94
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Co-occurrence restriction on height --- p.94
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Co-occurrence restriction on roundedness --- p.97
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Co-occurrence restriction on backness --- p.99
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Co-occurrence restriction on labials --- p.102
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Co-occurrence restriction on coronals --- p.106
Chapter 4.3.6 --- Co-occurrence restriction on palatals and velars --- p.110
Chapter 4.4 --- SUMMARY --- p.115
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- MORPHOPHONEMIC ALTERNATIONS UNDER L-SUFFIXATION AND OT ACCOUNT --- p.117
Chapter 5.1 --- Phonological representations of the suffix --- p.117
Chapter 5.2 --- BASIC FACTS OF L-SUFFIXATION IN XUZHOU --- p.118
Chapter 5.3 --- Previous studies on diminutive suffixation in Chinese dialects --- p.123
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Feature-geometric approach --- p.123
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Constraint-and-repair approach --- p.127
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Optimality-theoretic approach --- p.129
Chapter 5.4 --- Optimality-theoretic account --- p.133
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Suffixation --- p.133
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Vowel retraction --- p.136
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Vowel insertion --- p.139
Chapter 5.4.4 --- Coda deletion and vowel nasalization --- p.141
Chapter 5.4.5 --- Coda contraction --- p.145
Chapter 5.4.6 --- Suppression of vowel retraction/insertion under coda deletion --- p.147
Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.152
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.154
Chapter 6.1 --- Main findings and arguments --- p.154
Chapter 6.2 --- CONTRIBUTIONS --- p.156
Chapter 6.3 --- LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE STUDIES --- p.157
REFERENCES --- p.158
35
Mabaso, Peniah. "The segmental phonology of Shangani." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13609.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is an analysis of the segmental phonology of the Shangani language as spoken in the South Eastern parts of Zimbabwe. It starts by presenting the language situation in Zimbabwe and comparing the language’s status in Zimbabwe with that of its sister varieties in South Africa where it is referred to as Tsonga and in Mozambique where it is referred to as XiChangana or Changana. The dissertation is based on data collected from the speakers of Shangani using a variety of research techniques. The dissertation identifies and characterizes the language’s distinctive phonemes using the minimal pair and set tests. It presents the language’s consonants, which include aspirated, breathy-voiced, pre-nasalized, labialized and palatalized consonants. It shows that in Shangani, voiceless consonants cannot be pre-nasalized and that there is an incompatibility between that labio-velar glide /w/ and most labial consonants excpt /m/. The phonemes are analysed using Chomsky and Halle’s (1968) distinctive feature theory. The study uses Clements and Keyser’s (1983) CV phonology of the syllable structure to analyse the language’s syllable structure. The language’s canonical syllable structure is CV. It is also shown that consonant clusters are gaining their way into the language through borrowing from English, Afrikaans and other languages that have consonant clusters in their inventories. Onsetless Vs are marginally attested word-initially. In agent nouns, VV sequences are in most cases retained. These sequences are not analysed as diphthongs since they occupy different V slots on the syllable tier. The second vowel in the sequence is the onsetless syllable. Affricates, NCs, Cws and Cjs are presented as unitary segments that occupy a single C slot of the CV tier. Phonological processes that are attested in the language are also presented. Secondary articulation, vowel deletion, feature spreading, vowel coalescence and nasalization are shown to be the most common phonological process in the language. Since Shangani has the CV syllable typology, most of the phonological processes are there to resolve hiatus that would have been induced by suffixation of vowel commencing stems or suffixes to vowel final prefixes or stems. The notion of domains is shown to be a diagnostic tool for identifying a process in a hiatus situation. The study shows that vowel deletion is the least preferred strategy when secondary articulation, feature spreading, vowel coalescence have been blocked by some constraints like syllable structure processes or the language’s phonotacticsAfrican Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
36
Roxburgh, J. A. "Segmental phonology and morphology in Kwanyama." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19235.
Full text
37
Teodocio, Olivares Amador. "Betaza Zapotec phonology : segmental and suprasegmental features." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19162.
Full textAbstract:
This report analyzes the phonology of Betaza Zapotec, a language within the linguistic family of the Otomanguean languages of Mesoamerica that is spoken in northern Oaxaca, Mexico. The first part of this report describes the consonants of the language; the second part focuses on the vowel system; and the third section describes the suprasegmentals; tone and stress. I support my claims about the phonological system in Betaza Zapotec using data collected during the Summer of 2008 in San Melchor, Betaza Villa Alta, Oaxaca. I analyze the phonetic properties of the consonants, vowels and tones using spectrograms obtained through Praat, software for phonetic analysis. I consider the fortis/lenis opposition inherent in the consonants rather than using the traditional classification of voiced/voiceless consonants. The tone system in Betaza Zapotec involves four contrastive tones: high, low, falling, and rising. In addition there is a phonetic mid-tone which is a toneme of the high tone.text
38
Lewis, J. William. "Central Kalapuya phonology : the segmental inventory of John Hudson's Santiam." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/431.
Full text
39
"A contribution from Corpus Linguistics to Phonology: a study of collocations and segmental aspects os the English Language Vowels." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da PUC-SP, 2005. http://www.sapientia.pucsp.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1255.
Full text
40
Lin, Hsiu-hsu, and 林修旭. "Isbukun Phonology: A Study of its Segments, Syllable Structures." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07153684398944545038.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
語言學系
84
This thesis aims at a process-based study of the phonological structure of a Bunun dialect --- Isbukun. It is divided into 5 chapters. In the introduction, we give brief accounts on the language under investigation including: its affinity with other dialects that constitute the Bunun language, its geographical distribution on Taiwan, the site where data were elicited, information of informants etc. In chapter that follows, we give analysis on Isbukun phonemes based on constriction-based model of feature geometry enunciated by Clements and Hume (1995). In chapter three, syllable is analyzed. The template CVX is proposed for Isbukun syllable structure. Brief description of stress and intonation is given after syllabification and resyllabification have been made clear. Also included is the minimal word constraint that underlies the lengthening of vowels in content words. Chapter four deals with phonological processes such as assimilation (u- fronting and monophthongization), deletion (identical segment deletion, and a-deletion), insertion (n-insertion and speculation on [''i] insertion of referential focus marker ''is-) and metathesis. The analysis of s- for Isbukun referential marker is diachronically significant. And the analysis of metathesis results in an affix-ordering schema that suggests the =in and =ang, which are often taken as affixes by Bunun students, are best regarded as enclitics. The thesis is then concluded by calling for studies to document the endangered (probably doomed) language.
41
Podile, K. (Kholisa). "The dependency relations within Xhosa phonological processes." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15795.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation examines mainly segmental assimilatory processes of Xhosa phonology
within the dependency framework. This model is a multi-faceted approach which involves
hierarchical organisation of features into larger constituents known as gestures.
The analysis includes an elementary historical background to the development of
phonological theory with emphasis on the shift from traditional linear approaches to modern
non-linear models, as well as a shift from derivational theories to representational
frameworks. An exploration of the phonetics/phonology interface through the application
of gestures is considered an advantage of using the dependency framework over other
theories of phonology.
The focus of the dissertation is the description of phonetically-motivated and
morphologically-motivated Xhosa phonological processes.
A brief exposition of the use of the dependency framework in non-assimilatory Xhosa
phonological processes is given as a possible recommendation in the conclusion of the dissertation.Language Education, Arts and Culture
M.A. (African Languages)
42
Swanepoel, Carel Johannes. "Die segmentele fonologie van Noord-Sotho : 'n transformasioneel generatiewe interpretasie." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11891.
Full text
43
Abdel-Khalig, Ali. "Syllabification and Phrasing in Three Dialects of Sudanese Arabic." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65629.
Full textAbstract:
This study is a synchronic derivational analysis of phonological phenomena in three dialects of Sudanese Arabic. Its main goal is to provide a unified prosodic account of syncope and of the phonological processes functioning as strategies of repairing unsyllabified segments in the dialects of Urban Central Sudanese Arabic, Shukriiya, and Hamar. The domains of these processes are argued to follow from the degree of restriction that dialects place on word-level and phrase-level syllabification. To this end, the study proposes an analysis of syllabification in the three dialects that identifies the degree to which word-level syllabification is exhaustive, the segments that may be marked extrasyllabic and the conditions regulating their extrasyllabic status, the phrasal level at which these segments must be syllabified, and the level at which alteration to syllable structure is disallowed. In identifying the degrees of restriction dialects place on syllabification and resyllabification, the analysis provides a principled explanation for the levels of repair of unsyllabified segments as well as the domains of syncope. The study also provides an analysis of word stress and an analysis of phonological phrase formation. By revealing and accounting for the interesting phonological patterns attested in these dialects, the study aims to contribute to the area of Arabic phonology in general and to research on the typology of Arabic dialects in particular. In addition to the analyses proposed, its substantial contribution in this regard is a significant body of original data that is being analysed for the first time. With respect to dialects of Sudanese Arabic, the study represents a new direction of enquiry, one that seeks to disentangle their respective grammars and reveal the interesting ways in which they pattern alike and diverge.