Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Seguros de asistencia sanitaria'
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León, de la Cruz Milagros Stefany, and Montalvo Cristhoper Lluncor. "Plan de negocio para una empresa privada de seguros de salud para caninos en la ciudad de Chiclayo Lambayeque." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2016. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/777.
Full textTesis
Díaz-Romeral, Gomez Alberto. "La responsabilidad por asistencia sanitaria en los ordenamientos español y francés." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40072.
Full textA comparative research on Spanish and French public health care liability systems and on their national health systems. These two systems are built on different basis; however, throught different ways, they both provide a similar level of protection to national health system's users. The most difficult issues are those related to risk in health care. It is not possible to separate health care and risk, -l'aléa médical-, and this means that dammages may occur even though no fault has caused them. That's why it is imperative to draw a clear borderline between liability and other forms of social protection that only the parliament may grant
Huertas, Amoros Ángel Julio. "Salud pública y asistencia sanitaria en Cartagena durante el Regeneracionismo (1895-1923)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/362646.
Full textObjectives: the aims of this work were to know the state of public health and health care organization in Cartagena, to catalog health professionals, to know what has brought the health care in Cartagena to the whole health care in Murcia and examine whether the periodical press is a useful source to know the health care in Cartagena in the period between 1895 and 1923. Material and Methods: press documents and newspaper sources were used. In addition, flies from Local and Regional Archives from Cartagena and Murcia were examined. Index cards with different items were also used and alphabetically classified for their management. Conclusions: During these years, an improvement of public health indicators in the city of Cartagena was developed. However, despite these improvements, mortality rates continued to remain high in Cartagena. Although a number of public works were undertaken to improve sanitation in Cartagena, mortality rates could probably remain high due to the fact that most of these works were still unfinished in 1923. During these years, the development of health care at all levels in the city was generated, improving health, pharmaceutical and veterinary care of the population. These advances were due to the modernization and reorganization of existing health infrastructures and the creation of new ones. Local Charity increased the number of medical practitioners, nurses and created new posts for opticians and midwives. The municipal chemist´s service was reorganized in 1907 and became a mixed care model which improved health care in rural councils. Moreover, the Municipal Department of Hygiene and Public Health, which included under a single address all health services in the municipality, created a bacteriological laboratory in 1918. Hospital health care improved during the period studied, thanks to the creation of new hospitals and modernization of the existing two, which set up the new diagnostic advances of this period. Worker´s and middle class health care was increased by the creation of 45 new mutual aid societies in the municipality over these years. Finally, the veterinary health service improved with the installation of peripheral abattoirs which complemented the inspections that were performed in the central one. In the period between 1895 and 1923, at least 708 health professionals practised in the city of Cartagena. Most of them were medical practitioners and nurses, 53.1% and 32.5% respectively. The rest were chemists, veterinarians, dentists, orthopedic, opticians and odontologist. The 50.3% of all healthcare professionals who worked in Cartagena during these years were military, 40.6% of them were members of the Navy. These percentages reveal the impact that the military healthcare had in the city in that period, especially Navy´s healthcare. Healthcare in Cartagena at that time helped to initiate new diagnostic and therapeutic advances in Murcia. Thus, in 1900 and thanks to Juan Julian Oliva, radiology was introduced. In 1895 and 1898 serum treatment against diphtheria and anti-rabies respectively, were also introduced by Dr. Leopoldo Candido. In addition, the clinic opened in 1900 was opened in the neighborhood of Peral, under de management of Juan Julian Oliva. This was the first private hospital that was created in the Region of Murcia The study of the periodical press was a complementary source of prime importance to rebuild the situation and evolution of health care in the city of Cartagena during the time period studied, allowing addressing some aspects that, otherwise, would have been completely set aside.
Palacios, Emiliano Nahuel. "Asistencia técnica en la construcción de edificio en altura." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/6340.
Full textComprende un edificio de viviendas colectivas en altura, ubicado en la calle Ibarbalz 752 (entre las calles Fray Mamerto Esquiú e Int. Ramón B. Mestre) del Barrio Gral. Paz en la provincia de Córdoba. El edificio está emplazado en un terreno total de aproximadamente 10.000 m2 en la cual se hace una subdivisión para que estén las tres torres del complejo de viviendas con un terreno de aproximadamente 7800 m2
Ynoñan, Juarez Gradimy. "Propuesta de diseño de una nueva planta para el matadero municipal de Mochumí a fin de mejorar las condiciones de faenado de animales de abasto según el D.S. 015-2012 AG." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2017. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/799.
Full textTesis
Valiente, Burga Nora Karina de Lourdes. "Revisión crítica : aspectos de la atención sanitaria que permiten mantener un nivel de satisfacción alto del usuario en el servicio de emergencia." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2018. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1707.
Full textTrabajo académico
Gonzales, Yaipen Jose Filamir. "Propuesta de diseño de un nuevo matadero municipal en la provincia de Ferreñafe según las normativas legales dispuestas por Senasa." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2017. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1318.
Full textTesis
Rodríguez, Mayorga José Luis. "Reclamaciones derivadas de la asistencia sanitaria pública deficiente en Catalunya. Análisis y evolución en el período 1994-2002." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2840.
Full textUna vez analizados los expedientes, se pretende mediante el método que posteriormente se describe, establecer la idoneidad de las reclamaciones efectuadas y establecer las causas reales de reclamación en base a poder establecer unas premisas de actuación tanto desde la Administración como desde los profesionales de la sanidad para elevar el nivel de atención al ciudadano y disminuir el número de reclamaciones presentadas.
Existe un desconocimiento de las expectativas y necesidades que los pacientes desarrollan respecto de la asistencia sanitaria a la que se confían. El desconocimiento por parte de los pacientes sobre el estado actual de la ciencia médica, sus posibilidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas y sus limitaciones impide evaluar adecuadamente los grados de adecuación que puedan existir realmente entre la percepción que los mismos tienen del alcance y posibilidades de la medicina y la realidad de la asistencia sanitaria pública, a menudo sobrevalorada públicamente por razones de oportunidad política. De este modo, la conflictividad entre la demanda social sanitaria de "todas las posibilidades" que pueda ofrecer el avance científico médico y las limitaciones de la sanidad en cuanto a sus prestaciones por diferentes motivos, frecuentemente ajenos a la medicina en sí misma, suele desencadenar conflictos que se traducen en reclamaciones prejudiciales y judiciales.
En la medida que no se generen medios, espacios y actitudes para resolver los conflictos entre la comunidad necesitada de asistencia sanitaria y la comunidad médica, basados en el reconocimiento y respeto por los derechos, necesidades, expectativas, procesos y roles que viven o representan los distintos sectores de ambas, incluidos los que ostentan el poder político, el nivel de conflictos tenderá a aumentar consolidándose una lógica centrada en el uso de los derechos retroalimentando negativamente la convivencia en el interior de la sociedad ante unas exigencias difíciles de asumir y una sanidad impotente para la demanda a la que se ve sometida.
Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre el aumento del nivel cultural de la sociedad, consciente del costo que representa la sanidad pública, y su demanda de una sanidad de calidad. La sociedad que demanda asistencia sanitaria, puede entender el error justificado, pero no la demora asistencial ni el error injustificado (diagnóstico ó terapéutico), por el estado de la ciencia médica. De la misma forma, dicha sociedad no está dispuesta a asumir complicaciones cuya correlación inherente a su patología no esté clara o permita dudar de la adecuación del tratamiento dispensado.
Los métodos alternativos de resolución de conflictos, como podría ser el arbitraje, representan una opción viable y pertinente ya que se basan en una lógica de colaboración frente a la lógica confrontacional judicial entre los distintos sectores que va en aumento exponencial sin que, por el momento, se pueda adivinar la más mínima tendencia estacionaria ni decreciente.
Dentro de éstos métodos alternativos, que permitirían mayor objetividad y rapidez en la resolución de conflictos, debería establecerse como algunas de sus principales características las de promover la cooperación, el compromiso, la creatividad y la participación activa de los actores en conflicto basado en el respeto, valoración y, lo que resulta particularmente importante en este caso, considerando efectivamente las distintas perspectivas de los actores involucrados, evitando la innecesaria criminalización del profesional sanitario, frecuentemente condicionado por las circunstancias sociales ó administrativas en las que desarrolla su trabajo.
El médico es tributario también de un deber especial de garantía, fundamentalmente del mayor bien jurídico protegido que es la vida. En consecuencia, cuando por acción u omisión, no se pone a disposición del paciente todos los recursos disponibles en tiempo y forma, se produce un daño por estas razones.
Se puede comenzar a litigar contra un médico por muchos motivos como es por venganza, desesperación, por motivos justos, o por lo que fuere, pero casi siempre se termina con una petición de dinero.
Sanjuán, Núñez Lucía. "Antropología, epidemiología y asistencia sanitaria. Propuestas para el estudio interdisciplinar de las desigualdades sociales en salud y la inmigración." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/368187.
Full textThis text is an attempt of approach, from the Anthropology, but by the hand of Epidemiology and Public Health and focused on the public health system, to the possible responses for questions such as: what factors may be involved in the arise of social inequalities concerning health and medical care received by immigrant population and ethnic minorities in our setting. There exist differences in this sense with respect to the rest of the population? And how can our public health system respond to the needs of this populations? And is also the attempt to offer a response to these questions delimited to an specific geographical scope and timeframe: Spain, and specially Catalonia between 2005 and 2010. The text is organized in three sections. The First Section, titled Approach to the studies on health and inequality and divided into two chapters, tackles the main features of certain researchers done within the field of Health as well as within the field of the Anthropology concerning social inequalities in health, diversity and immigration, the analysis of their basis, their possible contributions and limits and the exhibition of the main epidemiological data available as far as health condition and medical care of immigrant population is concerned. The Second Section, titled The access for immigrant population to health care: rights and conditions consists of Chapter 3 and a addendum to this chapter that responds together, to an attempt to go into detail about researching on what factors may be involved in health condition and the use of health services by immigrant population in our setting /environment and in what measure those may be related to the arise of social inequalities in health. The Third Section, titled Towards an empirical contrast of the ideas, shows the results of a research done with the purpose of obtaining data, through an ethnographic work in medical centers and with health professionals that would allow, at the same time, contrast the data shown on the bibliography on the previous sections and, another, test my own first ideas concerning the factors involving the medical care to immigrant population, paying special attention to those that could appear from the health system itself. This Third Part consists of three chapters and an Annex. The approach to these matters is done under a clear ethical and methodological positioning: is essential that any research, particularly if they are focused on the human being, bases on the fact that the knowledge that we can generate will always be fallible and provisional and is subject to our own points of view and convictions, individual but also marked by the paradigms of the disciplines we are working from. And the challenge will be exactly trying to approach to reality using the best of all disciplines at our reach (within our own limits as individuals and researchers) in order to obtain a large and deep and detailed knowledge as it requires, taking into account the phenomenon arisen, its consistencies and variations. Interdisciplinarity in these and many other subjects is not only intellectually advisable but yet ethically indispensable.
Sánchez, Morales Lidia. "Creando espacios seguros para el crecimiento en estados de máxima fragilidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670660.
Full textPeople diagnosed with severe mental disorders tend to adopt a passive role in social relationship which favors their isolation. Psychotherapy groups are an effective tool for treatment, which is important to start already during hospitalization. Our study aims to explore group processes emerging in the psychotherapy groups of an acute mental health unit. In order to achieve these aims, we have developed a pilot study that leaded to a main one. The objective of the pilot study is the creation of a valid taxonomy for the description of group processes. The main study aims to verify the validity of this taxonomy, which includes two secondary analyses. The first one tries to find out if there is any relationship between the evolution of each member within the group and the evolution of the group itself. The second, aims to discover if there is any relationship between the main subjects discussed in the group and the group processes. The pilot study sample is composed of people in acute psychopathological state and with active substance use. The main study included people who presented psychotic symptoms during hospital admission. The methodology is based on mixed methods, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. In the first place, we collect information from psychotherapeutic groups and we carry out thematic analyses on a pilot sample. We perform an analysis of the participation in the group by using the individual as the unit of analysis. Subsequently, using the session as analysis unit, the themes are analyzed. Based on the results obtained in the content analysis, a correlation matrix and component analysis are carried out to facilitate the understanding of the data. The pilot study establishes a taxonomy composed of 20 subcategories. Our data shows that psychotherapy is a process as conduction narratives decrease when those of the participants increase. The main study adds 5 subcategories to be able to collect the 17% of the group narratives that cannot be described with the taxonomy previously created. In addition, we add four dichotomous variables to assess the behavior of each member. The relationship between them and the group processes is explored. According to our results, the most predominant subcategory is Expression of feelings. This subcategory maintains the highest number of correlations with the rest of the subcategories. Specifically, the highest correlations are with the subcategories related to universality, socialization and altruism. The correlations are also high with the exclusive subcategories of group conduction. The number of sessions correlates with all the group processes except with those related to group obstacles. The severity of the symptomatology is directly related to the adequacy of the group and does not maintain any relationship with the ability to offer support neither with the attendance nor the tolerance to the group setting. Our groups stay always in the initial stages, when the group processes begin to emerge. Therefore, the least frequent topics are those that elicit them to a greater degree. In conclusion, the psychotherapeutic groups offer a favorable space to acquire an active role and develop communicational and relational skills. Despite the brevity of the treatment, the group processes emerge. They are related to group therapeutic factors described by Irvin Yalom, such as Universality, Catharsis, Altruism and Socialization. Therefore, the inclusion of psychotherapeutic groups in acute mental health units can be considered a valuable tool for treatment.
Júdez, Gutiérrez Francisco Javier. "La facilitación como herramienta básica de planificación anticipada de la asistencia sanitaria : fundamentos del programa "KAYRÓS-Conversaciones que ayudan" (inspirado en Respecting Choices)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283443.
Full textABSTRACT Main objectives: * Set the adequate basis of Advance Care Planning (ACP) in order to deploy effective and helpful comprehensive programs throughout the entire process of a patient's disease trajectory. * Translate, adapt, validate and apply the facilitator training process, a key component of an ACP program, to different illness trajectories for KAYRÓS-Conversations that help program. Specific objectives: 1. Critically review the basis and references of an ACP program. 2. Obtain a Facilitator and Instructor certification from Respecting Choices® (international beacon program). 3. Adapt the content of basic knowledge in communication and bioethics that ACP’s Facilitators should have. 4. Adapt the Facilitator’s training process (education / hands-on training / certification) and the necessary basic skills. 5. Additionally explore attitudes, needs and expectations of patients, families and health care professionals facing decisions, experiences, goals and fears while caring for patients with advanced chronic disease processes. 6. Develop tools for dissemination (web KAYRÓS-Conversations that help) and define appropriate assessment indicators for the training process and future ACP programs. Methodology: Mixed methodologies with two components: a) critical review of the "history and current status of the subject" (methodology from medical humanities with critical review of the literature and analysis of best practices in health services); b) cultural adaptation and development of the training process of ACP Facilitators (practice and coaching) (through expert panels and workshops, supplemented with qualitative methodology with focus groups / in-depth interviews). Conclusions: • The prevailing approach in Spain about advance directives or living wills (ADs) is inadequate, misguided, and unsatisfactory resulting in being a marginal reality. • Simple promotion of ADs documents through information, campaigns and delivery of health education brochures will not change this trend to irrelevance in practice (approach focused on documents and rights). • A more comprehensive approach incorporates the objective of ADs as a result of a participatory and communicative process throughout the course of the patient's illness trajectory. This leads to a new concept of "Advance Care Planning" (ACP), beyond the documents, and pointed since mid 90s. • This ACP approach, which we will call ACP-type 1, although it reinforces the figure of the surrogate, remains focused on the possible preparation for the protection of prospective autonomy (filling in ADs) interaction processes running at the discretion of the healthcare professional caring for the patient. • The concept of ACP has evolved towards a vision of ACP (type 2) conceived as a process of communication and relationship that helps activate the relational capabilities of all those involved when someone is sick. While its ultimate foundation rests on patient autonomy, this ACP-type 2 is embodied in human reality, that of relationships and health care, which is how becoming ill and dying is understood by human beings, including the adaptation to demography and epidemiology of contemporary illness with different patterns or illness trajectories and how goals of medicine maintain their sense-making. This ACP-type 2 helps patients and their care environment make decisions throughout the process itself or trajectory of illness, and not just as preparation for possible future lack of capacity. • The central role around which ACP-type 2 process revolves is the Facilitator. It assembles with other components: a) the design of systems in the provision of health services; b) education and community engagement; c) quality improvement processes. • The facilitator needs some knowledge, some aptitudes (skills) and some attitudes to be developed in a training process that includes education, practice and certification (at least the one that a health organization sets in place for delivery of services). • KAYRÓS-Conversations that help program is based on this philosophy of ACP-type 2 and has validated the training process of Facilitators (Respecting Choices® type), so it is available to organizations of the National Health System in order to proceed to the training of Facilitators under the development of comprehensive multi-component programs ACP-type 2.
Bueno, Vergara Eduardo. "Clima y medicina en el Alicante del siglo XVIII. Amenazas medioambientales, vulnerabilidad social y estrategias de resistencia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/44521.
Full textMontoya, Arango Alex Joel, and Huarancca Alvin José Huamán. "Solución de inteligencia de negocios utilizando balanced scorecard en empresas proveedoras de servicios de asistencia y cobertura de seguros, aplicación práctica para el caso del Servicio de Procuraduría Médica SOAT en el Touring y Automóvil Club del Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14375.
Full textTrabajo de suficiencia profesional
Martínez, Sánchez Lidia. "Mejora en la calidad de la asistencia del paciente pediátrico intoxicado mediante indicadores de calidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396216.
Full textHypothesis: 1- Quality indicators in pediatric toxicology are useful for analyze quality of care for acute poisoning in pediatric emergency departments and allow us to detect weaknesses in the care of these patients and to design improvement strategies. 2- The implementation of quality-indicator-based measures improves quality of care delivered to these patients. Methods: This thesis includes 4 studies. - The first study evaluated 6 basic indicators in the PED of members of to the working group on poisoning of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (GTI-SEUP). - The second study evaluated 20 indicators in a single PED among GTI-SEUP members. Based on the results of those studies, the following corrective measures were implemented: creation, into the GTI-SEUP, of a team for gastric lavage follow-up, preparation of a new GTI-SEUP manual on poisoning, implementation of a protocol for poisoning incidents, and creation of specific poisoning-related fields for computerized patient records in the PED where the second study was conducted. -The third and fourth studies revaluated the indicators and compared with benchmark targets and with results from previous studies. Results: * Study 1: The targeted standard was not met for 3 indicators: availability of protocols, initiating decontamination within 20 minutes, and use of gastric lavage. * Study 2: The standard was not reached in 6: administration of activated charcoal within 2 hours of poison ingestion; attention within the first 15 minutes of arriving in the PED; start of gastrointestinal decontamination within 20 minutes of arrival; performing of electrocardiogram on the patients poisoned with cardiotoxic substances; judicial communication of cases of poisoning that could conceal a crime, and collection of the minimal set of information of poisoned patients. * Study 3: Improvements were seen in the availability of protocols, as indicator exceeded the target in all the PED. * Study 4: Improvements were seen in compliance with incident reporting to the judge, registration of the minimum basic data set and a trend toward increased administration of activated carbon within 2 hours. Conclusions: The use of quality indicators in pediatric toxicology allows us to analyze quality of care for acute poisoning in PED, to detect weaknesses in the care of these patients and to design improvement strategies. The corrective measures led to improvements in some quality indicators.
Sunyoto, Temmy. "Access to leishmaniasis care in Africa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667473.
Full textLa leishmaniasis es un grupo de enfermedades causadas por un protozoo (Leishmania) y transmitidas por flebótomos. Como enfermedad tropical desatendida (NTD, por sus siglas en inglés), la leishmaniasis afecta de manera desproporcionada a las poblaciones más pobres y a las personas que viven en zonas rurales, remotas o en zonas de conflicto con acceso limitado o nulo a la atención médica. Las distintas formas clínicas (cutánea, visceral), la complejidad y la distribución de la leishmaniasis en distintas regiones son algunos de los desafíos para controlar la enfermedad. La leishmaniasis visceral (LV) es mortal si el paciente no recibe tratamiento a tiempo, y las cicatrices dejadas por la leishmaniasis cutánea (LC) pueden tener un importante impacto psicosocial. Actualmente la mayor carga de LV se concentra en la región de África oriental aunque las cifras disponibles son probablemente una subestimación del número real de casos debido a la falta de datos fiables. Se sabe que tanto la LV como la LC tienen una distribución geográfica limitada, pero pueden mostrar una alta variabilidad tanto entre países como entre zonas en un mismo país. Los movimientos poblacionales debidos a conflictos o sequías, combinado con un sistema de salud débil o con un funcionamiento deficiente, provocan la expansión de la enfermedad a nuevas áreas y la aparición de epidemias. Al no existir una vacuna ni un control efectivo de vectores, el control de la leishmaniasis en África se sigue basando en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los casos. La hipótesis inicial de este proyecto es que es que el acceso al cuidado de la leishmaniasis en África sigue siendo inadecuado. Los objetivos generales de esta tesis son mejorar el conocimiento sobre el acceso a la atención de los casos de leihmaniasis en África, documentando la disponibilidad, la asequibilidad y la accesibilidad de los servicios sanitarios, explorar nuevas formas de mejorar dicha atención y formular recomendaciones de políticas de acceso al cuidado de la leishmaniasis en África oriental. Los tres objetivos específicos son: actualizar los datos sobre carga de enfermedad así como estudiar los problemas de acceso tanto a nivel de I+D como sobre el terreno.
Varela, Vázquez Carmen. "El diseño de un programa administrado vía internet para el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad: a propósito de los usuarios y la situación actual de los tratamientos vía internet." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670046.
Full textThe main objective of this doctoral thesis is to propose a new treatment option for people with overweight and obesity. Concretely, a tool adapted to the current society, a treatment delivered through internet with a mobile application. In order to achieve this aim, first, it was necessary to know the target population. Especially, the investigation was focused on the association between coping strategies, eating behaviors and BMI using a structural equation modeling. Second, a systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the current situation of internet-based treatments for people with overweight and obesity. Third, a protocol was created to present the program en_línea and to describe a randomized controlled trial, which will be performed to prove its efficacy. Finally, before the randomized controlled trial was necessary to prove the correct functioning of en_línea. A pilot study was conducted to obtain information about the advantages and disadvantages of the intervention. Considering this information, the program will be improved according to the current needs of the target population. Among the most remarkable results obtained by the four studies were the relationship between passive coping strategies and unhealthy eating behaviors, and their influence on the development of a high BMI; internet-based treatments with frequent and personalized feedback, provided by a health care professional, as the first treatment option; the presentation of a new online treatment where the main treatment areas are: lifestyle, exercise, relationships, attitudes and nutrition; and, the positive results obtained by people who completed the treatment en_línea, it was observed a long-term maintenance of the results. However, low adherence rates were observed and the main improvements will be made to address this problem. The main conclusion of this doctoral thesis is to move the focus from the problem to the person who suffers the problem to design new treatments. A new intervention is proposed to treat overweight and obesity. The main steps were to know the target population and current situation of internet-based treatments. Therefore, an intervention with more treatment areas than nutrition and exercise and, frequent and personalized feedback as a relevant variable.
Miquel, de Montagut Laia. "Impacte del consum d'alcohol en l’ús de recursos i costos sanitaris." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/523480.
Full textAlcohol consumption is an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. It is the substance that implies the most social costs. The current thesis aims to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and health services use and costs at an individual level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first two papers presents data on alcohol use for 2011 and 2012 obtained from a routine medical practice in Catalonia and compared it with the consequent health service use and health care costs for 2013. A total of 1,883,047 had their alcohol and tobacco consumption recorded. Of that sample 32.2% reported alcohol consumption (n = 606.947), 10.5% fulfilled criteria for risky alcohol consumption. The third paper of this thesis present data on a longitudinal study that was conducted in a cohort of patients with alcohol dependence who had ondergone treatment in 1987. The results refer to the association between drinking patterns at 20 years of follow-up with inpatient health sevice utilization (hospital admissions at general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals and skilled nursing facilities) during the subsequent 5 years. RESULTS: First paper: Health care costs at 2013 amounted to 1283euros per person and amounted to 1529 euros when including sick leave costs. Men presented higher health care costs than women. The higher the amount of alcohol is consumed the higher are the health care costs incurred. Second paper: Risky drinkers display more hospital admissions and emergency room appointments than low risk drinkers. Risky drinking men use less primary health care services than low risk drinkers. Third paper: Alcohol dependent patients that have reduced or quit drinking have less hospital admissions. Heavy drinkers stay longer in hospital than abstainers. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in alcohol intake would imply a decrease in health service use and costs in both general population and alcohol dependent patients. Raising preventive strategies in hospital centres and in emergency departments should reduce health service use and costs. Specialized treatment for alcohol has a positive impact on reducing the use of health resources.
Martínez, Almanza María Teresa. "Desarrollo de un destino de turismo médico en el contexto de la frontera México-Estados Unidos: el caso de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395949.
Full textL'assistència sanitària és un dels temes cabdals del segle XXI. Els problemes relacionats amb l'atenció mèdica contemporània han generat una creixent demanda de serveis per part de pacients estrangers. En el marc de la teoria fonamentada, mitjançant 69 entrevistes en profunditat, realitzades del 2013 al 2015, s'analitza el procés de desenvolupament de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mèxic com una destinació turística metge de frontera. Es presenta una narrativa de la gènesi i evolució del cas d'estudi. Es proposa un model teòric dual de turisme mèdic que inclou elements de frontera. Com a resultat de l'anàlisi temàtic, s'han trobat 5 aspectes rellevants per al desenvolupament d'una destinació de turisme mèdic de frontera: context del propi destí, context del mercat d'origen, integració d'actors, estratègies de producte i comercialització, i elements de frontera. A partir d'aquest estudi, s'aconsegueix entendre la realitat de la destinació metge fronterer i les seves singularitats.
Health care is one of the main topics of the 21st century. The problems related to contemporary medical care have generated a growing demand for services by foreign patients. Within the framework of grounded theory, through 69 in-depth interviews conducted from 2013 to 2015, this research analyzes the development process of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, as a border medical tourist destination. A narrative of the genesis and evolution of the case study is presented. A dual theoretical model that includes border elements is then developed. Afterwards, as a result of the thematic analysis, 5 main themes or areas of relevance for the development of a medical tourism destination in a border region were found: context of the destination, context of the home market, integration of actors, product and marketing strategies, and border issues. From this study, one can understand the reality of the border medical destination and its peculiarities.
Trujols, i. Albet Joan. "Aproximacions a la perspectiva de la persona en tractament de manteniment amb metadona: millora percebuda i satisfacció amb el tractament com a indicadors, i participació en el desenvolupament dels instruments de mesura com a eina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461792.
Full textMethadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is both a specific psychopharmacological treatment of heroin dependence and a core harm-reduction intervention. By breaking the mould of the traditional focus on the so-called hard indicators of MMT effectiveness, the present dissertation makes room for the consideration of the perspectives of methadone-maintained patients. This dissertation compiles the main findings of six papers: (1) MMT patients’ perception of improvement shows low concordance with the clinical staff’s perspective; (2) The Spanish version of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication is a brief, generic, and psychometrically sound instrument to assess satisfaction with methadone as a medication in a multidimensional manner; (3) Patients are more likely to be satisfied with MMT if they come from large centres, perceive themselves as participating to some extent in treatment decisions, and show lower deterioration in social functioning; (4) Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be classified according to the degree to which they genuinely incorporate and measure patient perspectives. These can be sorted out into four distinct categories: Patient-generated PROMs, Patient-centred PROMs, Patient-valued PROMs, and Patient-irrelevant PROMs; (5) User satisfaction surveys —as currently designed and carried out in MMT centres— do not significantly help improving treatment quality; (6) A lack of patient-relevant outcome measurement instruments can lead to incomplete, if not misleading, information that problematizes any evaluation of MMT. The main conclusion of this dissertation is that patient-reported outcome measurement instruments should be developed in a truly participatory manner. Subsequently, MMT effectiveness should be evaluated using traditionally-derived and patient-oriented indicators/instruments simultaneously, so as to provide outcomes assessment that genuinely includes the patient perspective.
Achata, Salas Tulio Américo. "Eficacia del control de la calidad del otorgamiento de prestaciones asistenciales en centros asistenciales del Seguro Social de Salud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11124.
Full textDetermina la eficacia del control de la calidad del otorgamiento de las prestaciones asistenciales en centros asistenciales del Seguro Social de Salud. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal aplicado a una muestra de prestaciones asistenciales otorgadas en los servicios de obstetricia, urgencia y emergencia de tres centros asistenciales del Seguro Social de Salud, durante los 2000- 2002. La calidad del otorgamiento de las prestaciones asistenciales se midió mediante: encuestas de satisfacción del usuario externo en 88 pacientes, la auditoría médica en 599 historias clínicas y la identificación de complicaciones intrahospitalarias en 2939 atenciones. Se valoró la eficacia de los controles realizados según la concordancia de los resultados obtenidos con los indicadores institucionales. Encuentra que la satisfacción general del usuario externo por las prestaciones recibidas en el servicio de obstetricia fue de un 80% y de un 63.7% en el servicio de emergencia. Los registros de las historias clínicas en los servicios de obstetricia, emergencia y urgencia, estuvieron completos en un 72%, 16% y 42%, respectivamente. Se presentaron 8 (11,9%) complicaciones puerperales en las atenciones obstétricas, 12 (0.6%) complicaciones quirúrgicas en las atenciones de emergencia y 9 (0.9%) reingresos en las atenciones de urgencia. Concluye que la encuesta de satisfacción del usuario externo, la auditoria médica y la identificación de complicaciones intrahospitalarias permiten cuantificar la calidad del otorgamiento de las prestaciones asistenciales.
Tesis
Garriga, Comas Neus. "Pràctiques obstètriques en l'atenció al part normal hospitalari: satisfacció, cost i variabilitat segons el model d´atenció públic o privat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404916.
Full textEl parto ha pasado de ser un proceso fisiológico a recibir la consideración de un procedimiento controlado con muchas intervenciones médicas. Ante la multitud de factores que pueden influir en la variabilidad en la atención al parto, este estudio centra su atención en uno de los factores clave que es la titularidad del hospital. OBJETIVO: Comparar el proceso asistencial que reciben las mujeres en la atención al parto hospitalario, en la "Fundació Althaia", según el modelo asistencial público o privado durante los años 2012-2013. ÁMBITO DE ESTUDIO: Las 2 áreas de parto y las 2 unidades maternoinfantiles que ofrece la "Fundació Althaia". DISEÑO: Estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico de Cohortes. SUJETOS DE ESTUDIO: Se estudiaron las mujeres de bajo y medio riesgo atendidas en la "Fundació Althaia" durante los años 2012-2013. 140 sujetos para el grupo de mujeres con asistencia pública y 140 sujetos para el grupo de mujeres con asistencia privada. INSTRUMENTOS: En una parrilla de datos de elaboración propia, las comadronas recogieron en la sala de partos las variables de las prácticas clínicas realizadas y los resultados perinatales obtenidos y en el postparto se recogió la satisfacción de la mujer, el tipo de lactancia y el tipo de alta. Al mes del alta se recogió el coste del proceso del parto hospitalario. PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO: Diferencias entre las prácticas basadas en la evidencia científica, la satisfacción y el coste en la atención al parto hospitalario en función de si las mujeres fueron atendidas en el modelo de atención público o privado. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con p<0,001 en las características sociodemográficas. La media de edad de las mujeres del modelo público 30,7 años (DE= 5,2), fue inferior a la media de edad de las mujeres del modelo privado 33,7 años (DE= 4,1). El nivel de estudios que tenían las mujeres de la privada fue superior y la variabilidad en el país de procedencia fue más elevado en el modelo público donde sólo un 69,1% eran autóctonas frente a un 98,6% en el modelo privado. Se analizaron 39 prácticas obstétricas que la mujer puede recibir en el transcurso del parto y los resultados obtenidos muestran que hubo variabilidad entre los dos modelos en un 61,5% de las prácticas. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el grado de satisfacción que expresaron las mujeres, encontrando para los dos modelos un elevado grado de satisfacción, con una media de 9,1 (DE= 0,9) en el modelo público y de 8,7 (DE= 1,3) en el modelo privado. Sólo se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos modelos en el coste del parto normal, resultando un coste de 1.298,1€ (DE= 943,4) para el modelo público y de 1.307,5€ (DE= 304,1) para el modelo privado. CONCLUSIONES: La variabilidad en las prácticas obstétricas que existe entre el modelo público y privado no influye en la satisfacción de las mujeres. El coste del parto para los dos modelos es igual en los dos centros exceptuando el coste del parto normal que es superior en el modelo asistencial privado.
Childbirth assistance has gone from being a physiological process to the status of a controlled process with many medical interventions. Given the multitude of factors that can influence the variability in delivery care, this study focuses on one of the key factors wich is the type of hospital. OBJECTIVE: Compare care process in women receiving attention, at “Fundació Althaia”, according to public or private healthcare model during the years 2012-2013. SETTING: The two areas of childbirth and two maternity units offering “Fundació Althaia”. DESIGN: Observational, longitudinal, prospective analytic cohort. Subjects: We studied women with low or medium risk attended at “Fundació Althaia” during the years 2012-2013. INSTRUMENTS: In a data sheet of own elaboration, midwives were collected in the delivery room variables of practices and results obtained perinatal and postpartum picked up the satisfaction of the woman, the kind of breastfeeding and the kind of discharge. To the month of discharge picked up the cost of hospital delivery process.. RESULTS: We found statistically significant differences with p <0.001 sociodemographic characteristics. The average age of women in the public model, 30.7 years (SD= 5.2) was lower than the average age of women in the private model 33.7 years (SD= 4,1). The education level of women in the private sector was higher. Variability in the country of origin was higher in the public model, where 69.1% were native versus 98.6% in the private model. We analyzed 39 obstetric practices that women can receive during childbirth and the results show that there was variability between the two models in 61.53% of the placement. There were no statistically significant differences in the degree of satisfaction women expressed, finding a high level of satisfaction in the two models, with an average of 9.1 (SD= 0.9) in the public model and 8.7 (SD= 1.3) in the private model. Only statistically significant differences were observed between the two models in the cost of normal childbirth, finding an average cost of €1,298.1 (SD= 943.4) in the public model and €1,307.5 (SD= 304.1) in the private model. CONCLUSIONS: The variability in the obstetric practices between the public and private model does not affect satisfaction of women. The cost of delivery care for both models is the same in both centers excepting the cost of normal labor that is higher in the private healthcare model.
Binefa, i. Rodríguez Gemma. "Avaluació de la qualitat del programa de cribratge de càncer colorectal de L’Hospitalet de Llobregat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/575371.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and incident cancer worldwide. In Catalonia, CRC is the most frequent cancer, if we consider the cases together in men and women. The best way to carry out early detection of CRC is in the framework of organized screening programs, which define the main characteristics that must fulfil the program. OBJECTIVES: This thesis summarized the results of the evaluation of the main quality indicators of the CRC Screening Program of Hospitalet de Llobregat, which was implemented as a pilot in 2000. METHODOLOGY: Different studies have been carried out, all of them within the framework of the CRC screening program but with different periods of study. The target population were men and women 50 to 69 years old residing in Hospitalet de Llobregat, without personal history of CRC, colorectal adenomas or inflammatory bowel disease and without a high risk family history. Two screening tests have been used: guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) and immunochemical test (FIT). The colonoscopy has been the confirmatory test. RESULTS: the results of the indicators evaluated were better for FIT than for gFOBT, highlighting the difference in detection rates, especially advanced adenomas. A clear positive association was found between the faecal hemoglobin concentration (Hb-f) and the severity of the lesion. Cecal intubation rate was 95.6% and intestinal cleansing was adequate in 93.6% of the cases. The polyp’s retrieval rate was 86.7%. And the overall complication rate was 10.7 ‰. Only 28.0% of the colonoscopies that required surveillance were performed appropriately, within the correct time interval. In the evaluation of the 5 rounds of the program, it was observed that most indicators obtained acceptable results, except participation. CONCLUSIONS: the CRC screening program has achieved satisfactory results in most quality indicators. Although participation has not reached 45%, it has increased in every round. The FIT is a good screening test if we compare with gFOBT. The concentration of fecal Hb is associated with the severity of the colorectal lesions. The indicators related to colonoscopy obtained good results. However, it was observed a very low adequacy in surveillance colonoscopies.
Dávila, Altamirano Deici Marilú. "Democracia y reparaciones. El SIS como reparación en los distritos de Ate y San Juan de Lurigancho en el 2017." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10354.
Full textTesis
Bridgewater, Mateu Pol. "“Car vosaltres havets a veure sobre hospitals”: el Consell de Cent i la construcció de la primera política hospitalària a la Barcelona baixmedieval." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672401.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the deployment of a genuine welfare policy undertaken by the municipal government of Barcelona during the late Middle Ages. With a long-term perspective and a broad comparative framework, we aim to identify the moments and reasons behind the genesis of this same welfare policy, as well as its adaptation to a changing political and institutional context, marked by the development the municipality’s authority and autonomy and especially the reform of 1401 that gave rise to the Hospital de la Santa Creu. This thesis is structured in three main blocks: the first one consists on an in-depth study of the origins of Christian and medieval care practices and institutions, with an emphasis on continuities in spaces, legal frameworks and cultural elements. In the second block we analyse the welfare landscape of Barcelona prior to the reform of 1401, in order to understand the roots of the welfare responsibilities of the Consell de Cent and, at the same time, evaluate the impact of the rise of the Hospital de la Santa Creu. In the third and last block we identify the main axes of the welfare policy of the municipal government during the fifteenth century in relation, above all, to the brand-new general hospital of the city.
Hervas, Puyal Carlos. "Sanitat a Catalunya durant la República i la Guerra Civil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7467.
Full textL'aixecament militar del 18 de juliol de 1936 obre un nou capítol durant el qual tots els elements de la vida del país i la seva gent es veuen trasbalsats pels efectes de la guerra. Dos fenòmens alteren l'aparell sanitari: les conseqüències dels fets bèl·lics modifiquen les necessitats habituals i la politització de les seves estructures transforma l'organització.
El període de la Guerra Civil es divideix en tres etapes cronològiques. La primera comprèn des de l'inici de l'aixecament el juliol del 36 fins al mes d'octubre del mateix any, quan els anarcosindicalistes entren a formar part d'un nou govern de concentració. S'estudia principalment el paper del Comitè Sanitari de Milicies Antifeixistes i la resposta de la Conselleria de Sanitat davant del "nou ordre". La segona etapa s'estén des de l'octubre de 1936 fins als mes de maig de 1937, data que marca la fi de l'hegemonia anarquista. L'actuació del metge Félix Marti Ibáñez, Director general del Departament, i el paper del Consell de Sanitat de Guerra omplen el capìtol. La tercera etapa recull la darrera fase de la guerra a Catalunya, fins el mes de gener de 1939. La conselleria ha de fer front als problemes dels bombardeigs, dels refugiats, de la manca de queviures i de l'empitjorament de les condicions higièniques i sanitàries de la població. La progresiva militarització de la Sanitat es tradueix en la creació i ampliació de la xarxa d'Hospitals de Sang.
El final de la guerra, amb els problemes sanitaris dels civils i soldats que marxen cap a l'exili marca la fi de l'estudi.
En este trabajo se estudia la política y la organización sanitarias llevadas a cabo por el Gobierno de Cataluña durante el período que abarca desde la proclamación de la Segunda República en abril de 1931 hasta el final de la Guerra Civil a principios de 1939.
Durante los primeros años del régimen republicano, y tras unas primeras medidas de contenido circunstancial, la aprobación del Estatuto de Autonomía permite al gobierno catalán iniciar una discreta labor legislativa, que se verá interrumpida por los sucesivos cambios de orientación política. Destaca en este período el protagonismo del consejero Josep Dencàs.
El período de la Guerra Civil se divide en tres etapas cronológicas. Durante la primera (julio-octubre de 1936) se estudia principalmente el papel del Comité Sanitario de las Milicias Antifascistas y la respuesta de la Consejería de Sanidad ante el "nuevo orden". La segunda etapa (octubre 1936- mayo 1937) termina con el fin de la hegemonía anarquista. La actuación del médico Félix Martí Ibáñez, Director General de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, y el papel del Consejo de Sanidad de Guerra llenan este capítulo. Durante la tercera etapa (mayo 1937-enero 1939) la Consejería se enfrenta a los problemas que plantean los bombardeos aéreos, los refugiados, la falta de alimentos y el empeoramiento de las condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias de la población. Finalmente, la progresiva militarización de la Sanidad se traduce en la creación y ampliación de una extensa red de Hospitales destinados a acoger a los combatientes heridos y enfermos.
In this work we study the sanitary politic and organization developed by the Catalunya Government during the period between the proclamation of the Second Republic in Abril 1931 and the end of the Civil War at the beginning of 1939.
In the early stage of the Republican Régime, and after the first arrangements, the approval of the Autonomy Statute allowed the Catalan Government to start a reasonable legislative labour, which was often interrupt by the several political changes. To point up during this period the importance of the Councillor Josep Dencàs.
The Civil War Period is divided in three chronological stages. During the first stage ( July- October 1936) the role of the Sanitary Committee of the Antifascist Militia and the answer of the Health Ministry towards the 'new order' was studied.
The second stage ( October 1936- May 1937) finished with the end of the Anarchist hegemony. To remark the work of the doctor Felix Martí Ibañez, Sanitary and Welfare Managing Director, and the role of the Military Health Council
During the third stage ( May 1937- January 1939) the Ministry faced the problems of the raids, refugees, shortage of food and the deterioration of health and hygienic people conditions. Finally, the progressive militaritation of the Public Health led to the creation of a wide system of hospitals to assist wounded and sick people.
Bullich, Marín Íngrid. "L’entorn de treball de les infermeres a les unitats sociosanitàries d’atenció intermèdia de Catalunya: valoració, factors relacionats i impacte en els resultats de l’avaluació." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404099.
Full textBACKGROUND: Nursing care quality is related to many factors, both individual and organizational, mainly the nursing work environment (NWE). A positive NWE is related to a better perceived nurses’ satisfaction and better outcomes for patients. AIMS: To assess nurses’ perception on the NWE in intermediate care units (ICU) and to analyze nurses’ traits and practice settings features regarding this assessment. To determine the impact of the NWE assessed on clinical and nurse-sensitive outcomes. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter prospective approach, conducted in 14 centers in which subacute activity of the ICU was contracted by CatSalut in 2013. First phase: study of the NWE in ICU. A questionnaire which contains the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), with 31 items and 5 factors ("Resources adequacy", "Leadership", "Relationships", "Participation" and "Foundations"), was used. Second phase: analysis of the specific individual traits of nurses and practice settings associated with the evaluation of the PES-NWI and factors using logistic regression models. Relations between the assessment of the PES-NWI and factors and eight indicators identified as nursing sensitive outcomes which are included in the evaluation of the ICU in Central de Resultats (by Health System Obserbatory of Catalonia) was examined . RESULTS: Of 501 nurses in 14 health and social centers, 388 participated (77% response). The mean score of the PES-NWI was 84,75 (limits 31-124). Nine centers obtained a favorable evaluation of the NWE and five mixed. The best rated factor was "Relationships" and the worst "Resources adequacy". A favorable evaluation of the NWE and each factor is associated with specific work units, some working features and professional training of nurses, as well as, specific characteristics of the centers. A statistically significant association was found between the factor "Resources adequacy" and the incidence of grade III-IV ulcers in convalescence-postacute units (rs=0,614; p=0,020); between the median length of stay in subacute units and the factor "Relationships” (rs=0,577; p=0,031) and between the factor "Leadership" and the percentage of episodes of convalescence-postacute that are discharged at home (rs=-0,596; p=0,025). No significant difference between the global score of PES-NWI and the rest of achieved patient outcomes in ICUs was found. CONCLUSIONS: In most centers the NWE and factors are perceived as favorable, except "Resources adequacy". Association was found between some factors of the NWE and some patient outcomes, although in the ICU better patients outcomes were not related to higher total scores of the PES-NWI.
ANTECEDENTES: La atención intermedia ha mostrado ser una alternativa efectiva para mejorar algunos resultados del sistema sanitario. El equipo de enfermería es el más numeroso de las unidades sociosanitarias de atención intermedia (USSAI) y la calidad de la atención que prestan se relaciona con múltiples factores, individuales y organizativos, entre los que destaca el entorno de trabajo. La evidencia muestra que un ambiente de trabajo favorable se asocia con mejores resultados, tanto en pacientes como en enfermeras. OBJETIVOS: Medir la percepción de les enfermeras de las USSAI de su entorno de trabajo y analizar las características individuales y de los centros sociosanitarios (CSS) que se relacionan con esta valoración. Determinar el impacto de la percepción del entorno de trabajo enfermero en los resultados clínico-asistenciales y de morbi-mortalidad de las USSAI. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, con enfoque prospectivo y multicéntrico, realizado en los 14 CSS con USSAI que empezaron actividad en la línea de atención de subagudos el año 2013 contractada por el CatSalut. Primera fase: estudio del entorno de trabajo de las enfermeras en las USSAI mediante un cuestionario que contiene la Practice Environment Scale of the nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), compuesta por 31 ítems y 5 factores (“Dotación”, “Liderazgo”, “Relaciones”, “Participación” i “Fundamentos”). Segunda fase: análisis de las particularidades de las enfermeras y de los CSS asociadas a la valoración del entorno de trabajo enfermero y los cinco factores de la PES-NWI utilizando modelos de regresión logística. Se examina si la PES-NWI y sus factores se relacionan con ocho indicadores de resultado sensibles a la práctica enfermera y recogidos en la Central de Resultados del Observatorio de Salud de Cataluña. RESULTADOS: De 501 enfermeras participaron 388 (77% de respuesta). La puntuación media de la PES-NWI fue de 84,75 (límites 31-124). Nueve centros obtuvieron una valoración del entorno de trabajo favorable y cinco mixto. El factor mejor valorado fue el factor «Relaciones» y el peor el factor “Dotación”. La valoración favorable del entorno de trabajo enfermero y de cada uno de los factores se asoció a determinadas unidades de trabajo, a algunas características laborales, profesionales y formativas de las enfermeras, así como a características concretas de los centros. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre: el factor “Dotación” y la incidencia de úlceras de grado III-IV en convalecencia-postagudos (rs=0,614; p=0,020); entre la estancia mediana en subagudos y el factor “Relaciones” (rs=0,577; p=0,031); y entre el factor “Liderazgo” y el porcentaje de episodios de convalecencia-postagudos con destinación a domicilio (rs=-0,596; p=0,025). No hubo relación significativa entre la puntuación total de la PES-NWI y el resto de los indicadores de resultado en pacientes conseguidos por las USSAI. CONCLUSIONES: En la mayoría de CSS el entorno de trabajo y sus factores son percibidos como favorables, excepto el factor “Dotación”. Se han encontrado asociaciones entre algunos factores y algunos indicadores de resultado, pero la consecución de mejores resultados e pacientes de las USSAI no se corresponde con una valoración superior de la puntuación total de la PES-NWI.
Chabrera, Sanz Carolina. "Ayuda en la toma de decisiones en el cáncer de próstata localizado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285490.
Full textDifferent treatment options are available for patients with early stage localized prostate cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, and watchful waiting. However, the optimal management remains controversial because efficacy and complications rates vary widely, even within one treatment modality. For this reason, it is important to involve patients in the decision making process and ensure quality care for the patients, being informed of the alternatives, taking into account the benefits and risks and their personal values. This study explores the effectiveness of a decision aid regarding to different treatment options of patients with localized prostate cancer. METHODOLOGY: This study is divided into three phases. The first phase consisted of translation, back-translation and validation into Spanish of the English scale 'Satisfaction With Decision scale "(SWDs). In the second phase was designed and developed a decision aid for patients with localized prostate cancer, using the conceptual framework of Decision Support Ottawa and following the guidelines of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration. In the third phase, was a randomized controlled trial (RCT), pre and post intervention with a sample of 122 participants (n = 61 per group). RESULTS: The ESD contains 6 items with 5-item Likert scale. We obtained a Spanish version linguistically and conceptually equivalent to the original version. Criterion validity was significant (r = 0,63, P <0,01) for all items. The factorial analysis showed a unique dimension to explain 82.08% of the variance. The ESD showed excellent results in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0,95) and good test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0,711. The Decision Aid is a structured booklet. According to the IPDAS checklist, the DA scored 22/27 points (81.48%). Participants in the intervention and control group scored similarly on both the Decisional Conflict Scale and the Knowledge and Satisfaction with the Decision scale; after participants in the intervention group had used the decision aid for completion of the post-test questionnaire, they had higher knowledge scores than participants in the control group (75.7 vs 49.9; [95% confidence interval, 22.09 - 36.17], p < 0.001). Participants in the decision aid group also had lower decisional conflict scores (31.2 vs 51.7; [95% confidence interval, -29.22, -19.53], p < 0.001) and higher satisfaction with decision scores (95.7 vs 79.3; [95% confidence interval, -14.05, 21.36], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The decision aid both improved patient knowledge about prostate cancer as well as the satisfaction of patients with the decisions they made. Decision aid also decreased the decisional conflict of patients, with more informed decision being made, values being clearer, more effective decisions being made thanks to better support, less uncertainty when making decisions.
Juvé, Udina Eulàlia. "Evaluación de la validez de una terminología enfermera de interfase." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108998.
Full textBACKGROUND: Widespread in the use of communication technologies and growing information and knowledge requirements for nursing care and management have emerged the need for controlled vocabularies oriented to the electronic health records systems, which have to be evaluated for validity and reliability. GOAL: To evaluate the validity of the nursing interface terminology termed ATIC. METHODS: Mixed-method evaluation study: (1) the structure of the terminology is assessed for inductive validity by means of an interpretative conceptualization of the metaparadigmatic constructs and the nursing process and (2) evaluation of the metric properties using descriptive designs to determine face validity (experts’ survey), content validity (measuring the presence of its concepts in the scientific literature), criterion validity (mapping its diagnosis axis to the NANDA International taxonomy) and reliability (measuring its usability in the acute care setting). FINDINGS: The structure of this vocabulary is held on an eclectic philosophical and theoretical foundation, giving a specific meaning to the interpreted constructs. According to the experts’ opinion its face validity scores 8.1/10. The scientific production of the discipline covers 98.7 % of the concepts within its diagnosis axis. More than 60% of these concepts match to those in the NANDA_I taxonomy. Nurses in the acute care setting use 92.3% of the diagnostic concepts of this vocabulary. CONCLUSIONS: In the light of the results, the ATIC nursing interface terminology is a valid and reliable disciplinary tool.
Puiguriguer, Ferrando Jordi. "Mejora de la seguridad clínica del paciente intoxicado a partir del cumplimiento de los indicadores de calidad en toxicología clínica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396244.
Full textQuiroga, Silvana María. "Justicia en la macrodistribución de los recursos en salud : análisis del programa de lucha contra el Sida y Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual y los medicamentos." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/11246.
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